Datasets:

juliensimon
/

gaia-dr3-solar-system-objects

source_id int64 -4,293,963,294 -4,154,987,407	num_of_obs int64 2 807	number_mp int64 0 400k	denomination large_stringlengths 2 20	num_of_spectra int64 0 80	has_spectra bool 2 classes	is_numbered bool 1 class
-4,293,963,294	7	0	Deimos (MII)	0	false	true
-4,293,962,295	68	0	Io (JI)	0	false	true
-4,293,962,294	111	0	Europa (JII)	0	false	true
-4,293,962,292	30	0	Callisto (JIV)	0	false	true
-4,293,962,290	195	0	Himalia (JVI)	0	false	true
-4,293,962,289	243	0	Elara (JVII)	0	false	true
-4,293,962,288	363	0	Pasiphae (JVIII)	0	false	true
-4,293,962,287	169	0	Sinope (JIX)	0	false	true
-4,293,962,286	136	0	Lysithea (JX)	0	false	true
-4,293,962,285	255	0	Carme (JXI)	0	false	true
-4,293,962,284	178	0	Ananke (JXII)	0	false	true
-4,293,962,283	173	0	Leda (JXIII)	0	false	true
-4,293,962,279	8	0	Callirrhoe (JXVII)	0	false	true
-4,293,962,278	84	0	Themisto (JXVIII)	0	false	true
-4,293,961,294	23	0	Enceladus (SII)	0	false	true
-4,293,961,293	255	0	Tethys (SIII)	0	false	true
-4,293,961,292	401	0	Dione (SIV)	0	false	true
-4,293,961,291	325	0	Rhea (SV)	0	false	true
-4,293,961,290	19	0	Titan (SVI)	0	false	true
-4,293,961,289	497	0	Hyperion (SVII)	0	false	true
-4,293,961,288	345	0	Iapetus (SVIII)	0	false	true
-4,293,961,287	514	0	Phoebe (SIX)	0	false	true
-4,293,961,284	5	0	Helene (SXII)	0	false	true
-4,293,961,267	124	0	Siarnaq (SXXIX)	0	false	true
-4,293,961,195	195	0	Ariel (UI)	0	false	true
-4,293,960,294	193	0	Umbriel (UII)	0	false	true
-4,293,960,293	180	0	Titania (UIII)	0	false	true
-4,293,960,292	189	0	Oberon (UIV)	0	false	true
-4,293,960,279	123	0	Sycorax (UXVII)	0	false	true
-4,293,959,295	153	0	Triton (NI)	0	false	true
-4,293,959,294	193	0	Nereid (NII)	0	false	true
-4,284,967,286	186	1	ceres	19	true	true
-4,284,967,276	235	2	pallas	37	true	true
-4,284,967,266	205	3	juno	23	true	true
-4,284,967,256	170	4	vesta	19	true	true
-4,284,967,246	300	5	astraea	33	true	true
-4,284,967,236	180	6	hebe	20	true	true
-4,284,967,226	266	7	iris	29	true	true
-4,284,967,216	176	8	flora	21	true	true
-4,284,967,206	207	9	metis	28	true	true
-4,284,967,196	115	10	hygiea	16	true	true
-4,284,967,186	165	11	parthenope	21	true	true
-4,284,967,176	158	12	victoria	17	true	true
-4,284,967,166	137	13	egeria	18	true	true
-4,284,967,156	206	14	irene	21	true	true
-4,284,967,146	210	15	eunomia	25	true	true
-4,284,967,136	231	16	psyche	28	true	true
-4,284,967,126	131	17	thetis	15	true	true
-4,284,967,116	198	18	melpomene	30	true	true
-4,284,967,106	146	19	fortuna	20	true	true
-4,284,967,096	234	20	massalia	27	true	true
-4,284,967,086	153	21	lutetia	22	true	true
-4,284,967,076	167	22	kalliope	18	true	true
-4,284,967,066	203	23	thalia	25	true	true
-4,284,967,056	286	24	themis	21	true	true
-4,284,967,046	119	25	phocaea	9	true	true
-4,284,967,036	477	26	proserpina	40	true	true
-4,284,967,026	183	27	euterpe	26	true	true
-4,284,967,016	171	28	bellona	20	true	true
-4,284,967,006	337	29	amphitrite	40	true	true
-4,284,966,996	172	30	urania	23	true	true
-4,284,966,986	146	31	euphrosyne	16	true	true
-4,284,966,976	298	32	pomona	28	true	true
-4,284,966,966	301	33	polyhymnia	27	true	true
-4,284,966,956	230	34	circe	20	true	true
-4,284,966,946	198	35	leukothea	13	true	true
-4,284,966,936	240	36	atalante	20	true	true
-4,284,966,926	82	37	fides	8	true	true
-4,284,966,916	288	38	leda	22	true	true
-4,284,966,906	139	39	laetitia	15	true	true
-4,284,966,896	247	40	harmonia	31	true	true
-4,284,966,886	268	41	daphne	30	true	true
-4,284,966,876	144	42	isis	15	true	true
-4,284,966,866	428	43	ariadne	34	true	true
-4,284,966,856	175	44	nysa	21	true	true
-4,284,966,846	219	45	eugenia	25	true	true
-4,284,966,836	142	46	hestia	10	true	true
-4,284,966,826	302	47	aglaja	21	true	true
-4,284,966,816	407	48	doris	34	true	true
-4,284,966,806	203	49	pales	22	true	true
-4,284,966,796	268	50	virginia	20	true	true
-4,284,966,786	235	51	nemausa	30	true	true
-4,284,966,776	384	52	europa	51	true	true
-4,284,966,766	237	53	kalypso	23	true	true
-4,284,966,756	350	54	alexandra	21	true	true
-4,284,966,746	303	55	pandora	21	true	true
-4,284,966,736	138	56	melete	15	true	true
-4,284,966,726	317	57	mnemosyne	33	true	true
-4,284,966,716	213	58	concordia	15	true	true
-4,284,966,706	260	59	elpis	31	true	true
-4,284,966,696	280	60	echo	25	true	true
-4,284,966,686	213	61	danae	24	true	true
-4,284,966,676	242	62	erato	16	true	true
-4,284,966,666	269	63	ausonia	30	true	true
-4,284,966,656	135	64	angelina	13	true	true
-4,284,966,646	203	65	cybele	18	true	true
-4,284,966,636	321	66	maja	24	true	true
-4,284,966,626	324	67	asia	26	true	true
-4,284,966,616	214	68	leto	24	true	true
-4,284,966,606	180	69	hesperia	20	true	true

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Gaia DR3 Solar System Objects

Part of a dataset collection on Hugging Face.

Dataset description

The Gaia DR3 Solar System Objects (SSO) catalog contains over 158,000 solar system objects observed by ESA's Gaia mission during its third data release. The sample is dominated by main-belt asteroids but also includes Jupiter Trojans, near-Earth asteroids, trans-Neptunian objects, and comets.

For each object, Gaia collected precise astrometry across multiple field-of-view transits and, for a subset, obtained low-resolution reflectance spectra through the RP (Red Photometer) spectrometer covering roughly 374-1034 nm. This uniform all-sky survey provides a homogeneous photometric and spectroscopic dataset that complements ground-based catalogs such as the JPL Small-Body Database and the LCDB asteroid lightcurve database.

The denomination column links each Gaia source to the standard IAU asteroid database, enabling cross-matching with orbital element catalogs, taxonomic classifications, and physical property compilations. The number_mp field distinguishes officially numbered asteroids (those with well-determined orbits) from provisional or newly discovered objects. The num_of_spectra column identifies which objects have reflectance spectra available in the companion gaiadr3.sso_reflectance_spectrum table, enabling compositional and taxonomic studies across the entire main belt and beyond.

This catalog is particularly valuable for population-level studies of the asteroid belt, statistical comparisons of spectral classes, and astrometric refinement using Gaia's sub-milliarcsecond precision.

This dataset is suitable for tabular classification, tabular regression tasks.

Schema

Column	Type	Description	Sample	Null %
`source_id`	int64	Gaia DR3 unique source identifier; use for cross-matching with other Gaia tables	-4293963294	0.0%
`num_of_obs`	Int64	Number of Gaia field-of-view transits (observations) used for this solar system object	7	0.0%
`number_mp`	Int64	Official IAU minor planet number; null for unnumbered/provisional objects	0	0.0%
`denomination`	str	Name or provisional designation of the solar system object (e.g. 'Ceres', '2010 AB12')	Deimos (MII)	0.0%
`num_of_spectra`	Int64	Number of low-resolution reflectance spectra available from the Gaia RP spectrometer	0	0.0%
`has_spectra`	boolean	True if at least one RP reflectance spectrum is available for this object	False	0.0%
`is_numbered`	bool	True if the object has an official IAU minor planet number (number_mp is not null)	True	0.0%

Quick stats

158,152 solar system objects observed by Gaia
60,518 objects with RP reflectance spectra (38.3%)
158,152 officially numbered minor planets / 0 unnumbered
Median number of Gaia transits per object: 129

Usage

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/gaia-dr3-solar-system-objects", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/gaia-dr3-solar-system-objects", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()

# Objects with reflectance spectra
spectra_df = df[df["has_spectra"]]
print(f"Objects with RP spectra: {len(spectra_df):,}")

# Distribution of transit counts
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
df["num_of_obs"].clip(upper=100).hist(bins=50, log=True)
plt.xlabel("Number of Gaia transits")
plt.ylabel("Count")
plt.title("Gaia DR3 SSO: Transit count distribution")
plt.show()

# Numbered vs unnumbered breakdown
counts = df["is_numbered"].value_counts()
counts.index = ["Numbered", "Unnumbered"]
counts.plot.pie(autopct="%1.1f%%", title="IAU-numbered vs provisional objects")
plt.show()

# Cross-match with JPL SBDB by denomination
import pandas as pd
sbdb = load_dataset("juliensimon/jpl-small-body-database", split="train").to_pandas()
merged = df.merge(sbdb, left_on="denomination", right_on="full_name", how="inner")
print(f"Matched {len(merged):,} objects with JPL SBDB")

Data source

https://gea.esac.esa.int/archive/

Related datasets

If you find this dataset useful, please consider giving it a like on Hugging Face. It helps others discover it.

About the author

Created by Julien Simon — AI Operating Partner at Fortino Capital. Part of the Space Datasets collection.

Citation

@dataset{gaia_dr3_solar_system_objects,
  title = {Gaia DR3 Solar System Objects},
  author = {juliensimon},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/gaia-dr3-solar-system-objects},
  publisher = {Hugging Face}
}