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Upload Kepler transit timing: 295,187 transits, 2,599 KOIs
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metadata
license: cc-by-4.0
pretty_name: Kepler Transit Timing Catalog
language:
  - en
description: >-
  Holczer et al. (2016) Kepler transit timing catalog — 295,187 individual
  transit times for 2,599 Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs), with O-C residuals,
  durations, and depths.
task_categories:
  - tabular-regression
tags:
  - space
  - exoplanets
  - kepler
  - transit-timing
  - ttv
  - astronomy
  - open-data
  - tabular-data
size_categories:
  - 100K<n<1M
configs:
  - config_name: default
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/kepler_transit_timing.parquet
    default: true

Kepler Transit Timing Catalog

Part of the Astronomy Datasets collection on Hugging Face.

Transit timing catalog from Holczer et al. (2016), containing 295,187 individual transit mid-times for 2,599 Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs). Each record includes the observed mid-transit time, observed-minus-computed (O-C) residual, transit duration, and transit depth with uncertainties.

Dataset description

Transit timing variations (TTVs) occur when gravitational interactions between planets in a multi-planet system cause measurable deviations from a strictly periodic transit schedule. Holczer et al. (2016) performed a uniform analysis of all Kepler long-cadence light curves to extract individual transit times, producing the most comprehensive Kepler TTV catalog. The O-C (observed minus computed) residuals reveal planetary interactions, orbital eccentricities, and the presence of additional non-transiting planets.

Key columns

Column Type Description
koi float64 Kepler Object of Interest number
transit_number Int32 Sequential transit number for this KOI
t_obs_bjd float64 Observed mid-transit time (BJD - 2454833)
t_obs_err float64 Uncertainty on mid-transit time (days)
o_c float64 Observed minus computed residual (days)
o_c_err float64 Uncertainty on O-C residual (days)
duration_hr float64 Transit duration (hours)
duration_err float64 Uncertainty on transit duration (hours)
depth_ppm float64 Transit depth (ppm)
depth_err float64 Uncertainty on transit depth (ppm)

Quick stats

  • 295,187 individual transit times
  • 2,599 unique KOIs
  • Median O-C residual: 0.0000 days
  • Median transit depth: nan ppm
  • Median transit duration: nan hours

Usage

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/kepler-transit-timing", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()

# TTVs for a specific KOI
koi_137 = df[df["koi"] == 137.01].sort_values("transit_number")
print(f"KOI 137.01: {len(koi_137)} transits")

# Plot O-C diagram
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.errorbar(koi_137["transit_number"], koi_137["o_c"],
             yerr=koi_137["o_c_err"], fmt=".", ms=3)
plt.xlabel("Transit number")
plt.ylabel("O-C (days)")
plt.title("KOI 137.01 Transit Timing Variations")
plt.show()

# KOIs with the strongest TTVs (largest O-C scatter)
ttv_rms = df.groupby("koi")["o_c"].std().sort_values(ascending=False)
print("Top 10 TTV candidates:")
print(ttv_rms.head(10))

Data source

Holczer, T. et al. (2016), "Transit Timing Observations from Kepler. IX. Catalog of Transit Timing Measurements of the Long-Cadence Data", ApJS, 225, 9. Accessed via VizieR, CDS Strasbourg (J/ApJS/225/9).

Pipeline

Source code: juliensimon/space-datasets

Citation

@dataset{kepler_transit_timing,
  author = {Simon, Julien},
  title = {Kepler Transit Timing Catalog},
  year = {2026},
  publisher = {Hugging Face},
  url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/kepler-transit-timing},
  note = {Based on Holczer et al. (2016) ApJS 225, 9, via VizieR CDS}
}

License

CC-BY-4.0