README.md

---
license: other
license_name: "celestrak-usage-policy"
license_link: "https://celestrak.org/usage-policy.php"
pretty_name: "Kuiper Constellation Fleet Data"
language:
  - en
description: "Daily health snapshots of Amazon's Project Kuiper broadband constellation, derived from CelesTrak GP (General Perturbations) data. Tracks satellite count, orbital shell, and lifecycle status across th"
task_categories:
  - time-series-forecasting
  - tabular-classification
tags:
  - space
  - kuiper
  - amazon
  - satellites
  - orbital-mechanics
  - tle
  - constellation
  - open-data
  - norad
  - leo
  - broadband
  - tabular-data
  - parquet
size_categories:
  - n<1K
configs:
  - config_name: default
    data_files:
      - split: train
        path: data/daily_snapshots.parquet
    default: true
---

# Kuiper Constellation Fleet Data


<div align="center">
  <img src="banner.jpg" alt="Orbital sunrise illuminating Earth's atmosphere, seen from the ISS" width="400">
  <p><em>Credit: NASA</em></p>
</div>


*Part of a [dataset collection](https://huggingface.co/collections/juliensimon/orbital-mechanics-datasets-69c24caca4ab3934c9856994) on Hugging Face.*

## Dataset description

Daily health snapshots of Amazon's Project Kuiper broadband constellation, derived from CelesTrak GP (General Perturbations) data. Tracks satellite count, orbital shell, and lifecycle status across the three FCC-authorized Kuiper shells.

Project Kuiper is Amazon's answer to SpaceX Starlink: a low-Earth-orbit broadband constellation of 3,236 satellites authorized by the FCC to deliver internet service globally via the Leo network integrated with Amazon Web Services. Kuiper launched its first production satellites in 2025 and is ramping deployment on Atlas V, Vulcan, Falcon 9, and New Glenn rockets. The constellation operates in three inclination shells at altitudes between 590 km and 630 km, each hosting multiple orbital planes.

This dataset mirrors the schema of the companion juliensimon/starlink-fleet-data dataset, enabling direct side-by-side comparison of the two largest commercial LEO broadband constellations. Status is inferred from orbital mechanics alone: satellites within 20 km of their shell's target altitude are classified operational; those below are raising or deorbiting depending on mean motion derivative.

This dataset is suitable for **time-series forecasting, tabular classification** tasks.

## Schema

| Column | Type | Description | Sample | Null % |
|--------|------|-------------|--------|--------|
| `date` | datetime64[ns] | UTC date of the daily snapshot; one row per shell per date | 2026-04-15 00:00:00 | 0.0% |
| `shell_id` | int64 | Integer shell identifier (0-2); 0=33 deg, 1=42 deg, 2=51.9 deg | 2 | 0.0% |
| `shell_name` | str | Human-readable shell label encoding inclination and target altitude | Shell 3 (51.9 deg / 630km) | 0.0% |
| `total_count` | int64 | Total Kuiper objects tracked in this shell on this date, all statuses | 239 | 0.0% |
| `operational_count` | int64 | Satellites within 20 km of the shell's target altitude | 164 | 0.0% |
| `raising_count` | int64 | Satellites climbing toward target altitude (below target, stable or ascending) | 75 | 0.0% |
| `deorbiting_count` | int64 | Satellites below 350 km with positive mean_motion_dot (controlled deorbit) | 0 | 0.0% |
| `mean_altitude_km` | float64 | Mean altitude of satellites in this shell, kilometres above Earth's surface | 586.21 | 0.0% |

## Quick stats

- **393** Kuiper satellites tracked
- **243** operational, **148** raising, **2** deorbiting
- **88** daily snapshot rows (2026-04-15 to 2026-07-14)
- Companion to [juliensimon/starlink-fleet-data](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/starlink-fleet-data) for head-to-head LEO broadband analysis

## Usage

```python
from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/kuiper-fleet-data", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()
```

```python
from datasets import load_dataset

kuiper = load_dataset("juliensimon/kuiper-fleet-data", split="train").to_pandas()
starlink = load_dataset("juliensimon/starlink-fleet-data", "daily_snapshots", split="train").to_pandas()

# Head-to-head operational growth
k = kuiper.groupby("date")["operational_count"].sum().rename("kuiper")
s = starlink.groupby("date")["operational_count"].sum().rename("starlink")
print(k.join(s, how="outer").tail(10))
```

## Data source

https://celestrak.org/

## Update schedule

Daily at 08:15 UTC via GitHub Actions

## Related datasets

- [juliensimon/starlink-fleet-data](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/starlink-fleet-data)

- [juliensimon/constellation-census](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/constellation-census)

- [juliensimon/space-track-tle-history](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/space-track-tle-history)

- [juliensimon/space-track-satcat](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/space-track-satcat)

- [juliensimon/space-launch-log](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/space-launch-log)

> If you find this dataset useful, please consider [giving it a like](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/kuiper-fleet-data) on Hugging Face. It helps others discover it.

## About the author

Created by [Julien Simon](https://julien.org) — AI Operating Partner at Fortino Capital. Part of the [Space Datasets](https://julien.org/datasets) collection.

## Citation

```bibtex
@dataset{kuiper_fleet_data,
  title = {Kuiper Constellation Fleet Data},
  author = {juliensimon},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/kuiper-fleet-data},
  publisher = {Hugging Face}
}
```

## License

[celestrak-usage-policy](https://celestrak.org/usage-policy.php)