juliensimon/sentry-impact-risk

NASA Sentry: Earth Impact Risk Assessment

Part of the Orbital Mechanics Datasets collection on Hugging Face.

Near-Earth objects with non-zero Earth impact probability, as assessed by NASA's Sentry impact monitoring system. Currently 2,108 objects under watch.

Dataset description

The Sentry system, operated by NASA's Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, continuously monitors the most current asteroid catalog for possibilities of future Earth impact. Objects are listed when their orbits bring them close enough that an impact cannot be ruled out.

Each record includes the cumulative and maximum Palermo Scale rating (a logarithmic measure comparing the impact probability to the background risk), the Torino Scale rating (an integer 0-10 for public communication), the number of potential impact scenarios, estimated diameter, and the year range of possible impacts.

Schema

Column	Type	Description
designation	string	Primary designation (e.g. "29075", "2024 YR4")
full_name	string	Full formatted name
impact_probability	float64	Cumulative impact probability
palermo_scale_cum	float64	Cumulative Palermo Scale value
palermo_scale_max	float64	Maximum Palermo Scale value (single event)
torino_scale	float64	Maximum Torino Scale value (0-10)
n_potential_impacts	float64	Number of potential impact scenarios
year_range_min	Int64	Earliest year of potential impact
year_range_max	Int64	Latest year of potential impact
last_observation	datetime	Date of last astrometric observation
last_observation_jd	float64	Last observation (Julian Date)
diameter_km	float64	Estimated diameter (km)
absolute_magnitude	float64	Absolute magnitude H
v_infinity_kms	float64	V-infinity at impact (km/s)

Quick stats

• 2,108 objects with non-zero impact probability
• Highest cumulative Palermo Scale: -0.93
• Maximum Torino Scale: 0
• Closest potential impact year: 2026
• Highest impact probability: 2010 RF12 (1.03e-01)

Usage

from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/sentry-impact-risk", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()

# Objects ranked by Palermo Scale (most hazardous first)
print(df[["designation", "palermo_scale_cum", "torino_scale",
          "impact_probability", "diameter_km"]].head(10))

# Objects with Torino Scale > 0
elevated = df[df["torino_scale"] > 0]
print(f"{len(elevated)} objects with elevated Torino Scale")

# Large objects (> 100m) with upcoming potential impacts
large = df[(df["diameter_km"] > 0.1) & (df["year_range_min"] <= 2050)]
print(large[["designation", "diameter_km", "year_range_min", "impact_probability"]])

Data source

NASA JPL Center for Near Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) Sentry System. Impact probabilities are continuously refined as new astrometric observations improve orbit solutions.

Update schedule

Daily at 11:00 UTC via GitHub Actions.

Related datasets

• neo-close-approaches -- NEO close approaches to Earth
• fireball-bolide-events -- Fireball/bolide atmospheric impacts

Pipeline

Source code: juliensimon/space-datasets

Citation

@dataset{sentry_impact_risk,
  author = {Simon, Julien},
  title = {NASA Sentry: Earth Impact Risk Assessment},
  year = {2026},
  publisher = {Hugging Face},
  url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/sentry-impact-risk},
  note = {Based on NASA/JPL Center for Near Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) Sentry system data}
}

License

CC-BY-4.0