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projected-17326499-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate%20of%20Ireland | Climate of Ireland | Frost | The climate of Ireland is mild, humid and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes. Ireland's climate is defined as a temperate oceanic climate, or Cfb on the Köppen climate classification system, a classification it shares with most of northwest Europe. The island receives generally warm summers and cool winters.
As Ireland is downwind of a large ocean, it is considerably milder in winter than other locations at the same latitude, for example Newfoundland in Canada or Sakhalin in Russia. The Atlantic overturning circulation, which includes ocean currents such as the North Atlantic Current and Gulf Stream, releases additional heat over the Atlantic, which is then carried by the prevailing winds towards Ireland giving, for example, Dublin a milder winter climate than other temperate oceanic climates in similar locations, for example Seattle in the United States.
The prevailing wind blows from the southwest, breaking on the high mountains of the west coast. Rainfall is therefore a particularly prominent part of western Irish life, with Valentia Island, off the west coast of County Kerry, getting almost twice as much annual rainfall as Dublin on the east ( vs. ).
January and February are the coldest months of the year, and mean daily air temperatures fall between during these months. July and August are the warmest, with mean daily temperatures of , whilst mean daily maximums in July and August vary from near the coast, to inland. The sunniest months are May and June, with an average of five to seven hours sunshine per day. Though extreme weather events in Ireland are comparatively rare when compared with other countries in the European continent, they do occur. Atlantic depressions, occurring mainly in the months of December, January and February, can occasionally bring winds of up to to Western coastal counties, with the winter of 2013/14 being the stormiest on record. During the summer months, and particularly around late July/early August, thunderstorms can develop. | Air frost occurs frequently in the winter, with most areas seeing over 40 days of air frost every year. In northern areas, air frost occurs on average 10.2 days every January, the month in which air frost occurs most frequently. In the Sperrins and the Glens of Antrim air frost occurs around 80 days a year. The pattern is similar with ground frost, with on average around 100 days of ground frost in the lowlands and over 140 in the mountains. The number of frost days in Ireland have declined massively over the past decade. The largest season decrease has been known to take place in winter.
Frost is rarer along the coast, in urban areas and also in western and southern areas.
Roches Point, County Cork receives the fewest days with air frost, with an average of 7.0 days with air frost recorded annually.
Kilkenny, County Kilkenny receives the most days with air frost, with an average of 53.0 days with air frost recorded annually.
In Dublin, Dublin Airport records air frost on average 24.3 days per year, while Casement Aerodrome (which is further inland) records air frost on average 41.3 days per year. | [
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projected-17326499-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate%20of%20Ireland | Climate of Ireland | Sunshine | The climate of Ireland is mild, humid and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes. Ireland's climate is defined as a temperate oceanic climate, or Cfb on the Köppen climate classification system, a classification it shares with most of northwest Europe. The island receives generally warm summers and cool winters.
As Ireland is downwind of a large ocean, it is considerably milder in winter than other locations at the same latitude, for example Newfoundland in Canada or Sakhalin in Russia. The Atlantic overturning circulation, which includes ocean currents such as the North Atlantic Current and Gulf Stream, releases additional heat over the Atlantic, which is then carried by the prevailing winds towards Ireland giving, for example, Dublin a milder winter climate than other temperate oceanic climates in similar locations, for example Seattle in the United States.
The prevailing wind blows from the southwest, breaking on the high mountains of the west coast. Rainfall is therefore a particularly prominent part of western Irish life, with Valentia Island, off the west coast of County Kerry, getting almost twice as much annual rainfall as Dublin on the east ( vs. ).
January and February are the coldest months of the year, and mean daily air temperatures fall between during these months. July and August are the warmest, with mean daily temperatures of , whilst mean daily maximums in July and August vary from near the coast, to inland. The sunniest months are May and June, with an average of five to seven hours sunshine per day. Though extreme weather events in Ireland are comparatively rare when compared with other countries in the European continent, they do occur. Atlantic depressions, occurring mainly in the months of December, January and February, can occasionally bring winds of up to to Western coastal counties, with the winter of 2013/14 being the stormiest on record. During the summer months, and particularly around late July/early August, thunderstorms can develop. | The sunniest months are May and June. During these months sunshine duration averages between 5 and 6½ hours per day over most of the country. The southeast gets the most sunshine, averaging over 7 hours a day in early summer. December is the most overcast month, with average daily sunshine ranging from about 1 hour in the north to almost 2 hours in the southeast. Over the year as a whole, most areas get an average of between 3¼ and 3¾ hours of sunshine each day. Irish skies are completely covered by cloud roughly half of the time.
The sunniest part of the island is the southeast coast. Rosslare, County Wexford was historically the sunniest area, however, the station was closed by Met Éireann in 2007. The sunniest station throughout the 1981 to 2010 period was Ballyrichard HSE in Arklow, County Wicklow, which received an average of 4.41 hours of sunshine per day.
The cloudiest (i.e. least sunny) parts of the island are generally the west and northwest of the country. Over the 1971-2000 averaging period, Claremorris, County Mayo was the cloudiest station, receiving just 1,072 hours of sunshine per year. From 1981 to 2010, Birr, County Offaly, in the Midlands, was the most cloudy (overcast) station, receiving on average 3.2 hours of sunshine per day, considerably less than the stations at Malin Head in the north or Belmullet in the west.
Inland areas tend to receive less sunshine than coastal areas due to the convective development of clouds over land. Cloud develops because of vertical air currents caused by thermal heating of the ground. | [
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projected-17326499-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate%20of%20Ireland | Climate of Ireland | Precipitation | The climate of Ireland is mild, humid and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes. Ireland's climate is defined as a temperate oceanic climate, or Cfb on the Köppen climate classification system, a classification it shares with most of northwest Europe. The island receives generally warm summers and cool winters.
As Ireland is downwind of a large ocean, it is considerably milder in winter than other locations at the same latitude, for example Newfoundland in Canada or Sakhalin in Russia. The Atlantic overturning circulation, which includes ocean currents such as the North Atlantic Current and Gulf Stream, releases additional heat over the Atlantic, which is then carried by the prevailing winds towards Ireland giving, for example, Dublin a milder winter climate than other temperate oceanic climates in similar locations, for example Seattle in the United States.
The prevailing wind blows from the southwest, breaking on the high mountains of the west coast. Rainfall is therefore a particularly prominent part of western Irish life, with Valentia Island, off the west coast of County Kerry, getting almost twice as much annual rainfall as Dublin on the east ( vs. ).
January and February are the coldest months of the year, and mean daily air temperatures fall between during these months. July and August are the warmest, with mean daily temperatures of , whilst mean daily maximums in July and August vary from near the coast, to inland. The sunniest months are May and June, with an average of five to seven hours sunshine per day. Though extreme weather events in Ireland are comparatively rare when compared with other countries in the European continent, they do occur. Atlantic depressions, occurring mainly in the months of December, January and February, can occasionally bring winds of up to to Western coastal counties, with the winter of 2013/14 being the stormiest on record. During the summer months, and particularly around late July/early August, thunderstorms can develop. | Rainfall is the most common form of precipitation on the island, and is extremely common throughout Ireland, although some parts of the west coast receive twice as much rain as the east coast. Rainfall in Ireland normally comes from Atlantic frontal systems which travel northeast over the island, bringing cloud and rain. Most of the eastern half of the country has between of rainfall in the year. Rainfall in the west generally averages between . In many mountainous districts rainfall exceeds per year. The wettest months almost everywhere are December and January. April is the driest month generally, but in many southern parts, June is the driest.
The average number of "wet days" (days with more than of rain) ranges from about 151 days a year along the east and southeast coasts, to about 225 days a year in parts of the west.
The wettest weather station is Glanagimla, Leenane, Co. Galway, which averages rain per year. The wettest synoptic weather station is Valentia Island, which receives of rain per year, on average.
The driest weather station is at Ringsend, Co. Dublin, which receives of rain per year, on average.
The weather station with the highest number of "wet days" is Belmullet, with 193 days per year, while the station with the lowest number of "wet days" is Dublin Airport, with 128 days per year. | [] | [
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projected-17326499-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate%20of%20Ireland | Climate of Ireland | Rainfall records | The climate of Ireland is mild, humid and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes. Ireland's climate is defined as a temperate oceanic climate, or Cfb on the Köppen climate classification system, a classification it shares with most of northwest Europe. The island receives generally warm summers and cool winters.
As Ireland is downwind of a large ocean, it is considerably milder in winter than other locations at the same latitude, for example Newfoundland in Canada or Sakhalin in Russia. The Atlantic overturning circulation, which includes ocean currents such as the North Atlantic Current and Gulf Stream, releases additional heat over the Atlantic, which is then carried by the prevailing winds towards Ireland giving, for example, Dublin a milder winter climate than other temperate oceanic climates in similar locations, for example Seattle in the United States.
The prevailing wind blows from the southwest, breaking on the high mountains of the west coast. Rainfall is therefore a particularly prominent part of western Irish life, with Valentia Island, off the west coast of County Kerry, getting almost twice as much annual rainfall as Dublin on the east ( vs. ).
January and February are the coldest months of the year, and mean daily air temperatures fall between during these months. July and August are the warmest, with mean daily temperatures of , whilst mean daily maximums in July and August vary from near the coast, to inland. The sunniest months are May and June, with an average of five to seven hours sunshine per day. Though extreme weather events in Ireland are comparatively rare when compared with other countries in the European continent, they do occur. Atlantic depressions, occurring mainly in the months of December, January and February, can occasionally bring winds of up to to Western coastal counties, with the winter of 2013/14 being the stormiest on record. During the summer months, and particularly around late July/early August, thunderstorms can develop. | Source:
The driest year recorded in Ireland was 1887, with of rain recorded at Glasnevin, County Dublin.
The longest drought in Ireland occurred in Limerick between 3 April 1938 and 10 May 1938 (37 days).
The greatest monthly total was ; recorded at the Cummeragh Mountains, County Kerry, in October 1996.
The greatest annual total was ; recorded at Ballaghbeena Gap in 1960.
The greatest daily total was ; recorded at Cloone Lake, County Kerry, on 18 September 1993. | [] | [
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"Precipitation",
"Rainfall records"
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projected-17326499-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate%20of%20Ireland | Climate of Ireland | Snowfall | The climate of Ireland is mild, humid and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes. Ireland's climate is defined as a temperate oceanic climate, or Cfb on the Köppen climate classification system, a classification it shares with most of northwest Europe. The island receives generally warm summers and cool winters.
As Ireland is downwind of a large ocean, it is considerably milder in winter than other locations at the same latitude, for example Newfoundland in Canada or Sakhalin in Russia. The Atlantic overturning circulation, which includes ocean currents such as the North Atlantic Current and Gulf Stream, releases additional heat over the Atlantic, which is then carried by the prevailing winds towards Ireland giving, for example, Dublin a milder winter climate than other temperate oceanic climates in similar locations, for example Seattle in the United States.
The prevailing wind blows from the southwest, breaking on the high mountains of the west coast. Rainfall is therefore a particularly prominent part of western Irish life, with Valentia Island, off the west coast of County Kerry, getting almost twice as much annual rainfall as Dublin on the east ( vs. ).
January and February are the coldest months of the year, and mean daily air temperatures fall between during these months. July and August are the warmest, with mean daily temperatures of , whilst mean daily maximums in July and August vary from near the coast, to inland. The sunniest months are May and June, with an average of five to seven hours sunshine per day. Though extreme weather events in Ireland are comparatively rare when compared with other countries in the European continent, they do occur. Atlantic depressions, occurring mainly in the months of December, January and February, can occasionally bring winds of up to to Western coastal counties, with the winter of 2013/14 being the stormiest on record. During the summer months, and particularly around late July/early August, thunderstorms can develop. | Severe cold weather is uncommon in Ireland with the majority of winter precipitation coming in the form of rain, although hills and mountainous regions in the country can commonly see up to 30 days of snowfall annually: the Wicklow Mountains region sometimes experiences 50 or more days of snowfall each year. Most low-lying regions of the island only see a few days of lying snow per year (from December to March inclusive), or may see no snow at all during some winters.
However, there are preparations for snow and ice, including the distribution of grit, salt, and other snow-treatable minerals. In late 2011, the Irish Government set up "Winter-Ready", in order to prepare the country for such severe weather.
Due to its variability (which is mainly because of the influence of the Atlantic Ocean, Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift, as well as Ireland's northerly latitude and vulnerability to Siberian/Arctic winds) Ireland's weather during the winter months is difficult to predict. The aforementioned factors make both extremely low temperatures and relatively mild temperatures possible.
The snowiest weather station is Clones, County Monaghan, which receives, on average, 18 days of snow and/or sleet per year. Of these, 6.2 days have snow lying at 09:00. The least snowy weather station is Valentia Island, County Kerry; which receives, on average, 5.6 days of snow and/or sleet per year. Of these, 0.8 days have snow lying at 09:00. | [
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projected-17326499-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate%20of%20Ireland | Climate of Ireland | Hail | The climate of Ireland is mild, humid and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes. Ireland's climate is defined as a temperate oceanic climate, or Cfb on the Köppen climate classification system, a classification it shares with most of northwest Europe. The island receives generally warm summers and cool winters.
As Ireland is downwind of a large ocean, it is considerably milder in winter than other locations at the same latitude, for example Newfoundland in Canada or Sakhalin in Russia. The Atlantic overturning circulation, which includes ocean currents such as the North Atlantic Current and Gulf Stream, releases additional heat over the Atlantic, which is then carried by the prevailing winds towards Ireland giving, for example, Dublin a milder winter climate than other temperate oceanic climates in similar locations, for example Seattle in the United States.
The prevailing wind blows from the southwest, breaking on the high mountains of the west coast. Rainfall is therefore a particularly prominent part of western Irish life, with Valentia Island, off the west coast of County Kerry, getting almost twice as much annual rainfall as Dublin on the east ( vs. ).
January and February are the coldest months of the year, and mean daily air temperatures fall between during these months. July and August are the warmest, with mean daily temperatures of , whilst mean daily maximums in July and August vary from near the coast, to inland. The sunniest months are May and June, with an average of five to seven hours sunshine per day. Though extreme weather events in Ireland are comparatively rare when compared with other countries in the European continent, they do occur. Atlantic depressions, occurring mainly in the months of December, January and February, can occasionally bring winds of up to to Western coastal counties, with the winter of 2013/14 being the stormiest on record. During the summer months, and particularly around late July/early August, thunderstorms can develop. | Hail, like snow and sleet, is also rare in Ireland; however, it can occur at any time of the year. It is most common in spring during thunderstorms.
Malin Head, County Donegal receives the most hail, with an average of 48.4 days per year.
Roche's Point, County Cork receives the least hail, with an average of 8.0 days per year. | [] | [
"Hail"
] | [
"Climate of Ireland",
"Climate by country"
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projected-17326499-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate%20of%20Ireland | Climate of Ireland | Thunderstorms | The climate of Ireland is mild, humid and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes. Ireland's climate is defined as a temperate oceanic climate, or Cfb on the Köppen climate classification system, a classification it shares with most of northwest Europe. The island receives generally warm summers and cool winters.
As Ireland is downwind of a large ocean, it is considerably milder in winter than other locations at the same latitude, for example Newfoundland in Canada or Sakhalin in Russia. The Atlantic overturning circulation, which includes ocean currents such as the North Atlantic Current and Gulf Stream, releases additional heat over the Atlantic, which is then carried by the prevailing winds towards Ireland giving, for example, Dublin a milder winter climate than other temperate oceanic climates in similar locations, for example Seattle in the United States.
The prevailing wind blows from the southwest, breaking on the high mountains of the west coast. Rainfall is therefore a particularly prominent part of western Irish life, with Valentia Island, off the west coast of County Kerry, getting almost twice as much annual rainfall as Dublin on the east ( vs. ).
January and February are the coldest months of the year, and mean daily air temperatures fall between during these months. July and August are the warmest, with mean daily temperatures of , whilst mean daily maximums in July and August vary from near the coast, to inland. The sunniest months are May and June, with an average of five to seven hours sunshine per day. Though extreme weather events in Ireland are comparatively rare when compared with other countries in the European continent, they do occur. Atlantic depressions, occurring mainly in the months of December, January and February, can occasionally bring winds of up to to Western coastal counties, with the winter of 2013/14 being the stormiest on record. During the summer months, and particularly around late July/early August, thunderstorms can develop. | Thunderstorms are quite rare in Ireland. They are more likely to happen in late spring, although they can occur at any time of the year.
Cork Airport, County Cork experiences the least thunder; receiving it 3.7 days per year on average.
Valentia Island, County Kerry experiences the most thunder; receiving it 7.1 days per year on average. | [] | [
"Thunderstorms"
] | [
"Climate of Ireland",
"Climate by country"
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projected-17326499-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate%20of%20Ireland | Climate of Ireland | Wind | The climate of Ireland is mild, humid and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes. Ireland's climate is defined as a temperate oceanic climate, or Cfb on the Köppen climate classification system, a classification it shares with most of northwest Europe. The island receives generally warm summers and cool winters.
As Ireland is downwind of a large ocean, it is considerably milder in winter than other locations at the same latitude, for example Newfoundland in Canada or Sakhalin in Russia. The Atlantic overturning circulation, which includes ocean currents such as the North Atlantic Current and Gulf Stream, releases additional heat over the Atlantic, which is then carried by the prevailing winds towards Ireland giving, for example, Dublin a milder winter climate than other temperate oceanic climates in similar locations, for example Seattle in the United States.
The prevailing wind blows from the southwest, breaking on the high mountains of the west coast. Rainfall is therefore a particularly prominent part of western Irish life, with Valentia Island, off the west coast of County Kerry, getting almost twice as much annual rainfall as Dublin on the east ( vs. ).
January and February are the coldest months of the year, and mean daily air temperatures fall between during these months. July and August are the warmest, with mean daily temperatures of , whilst mean daily maximums in July and August vary from near the coast, to inland. The sunniest months are May and June, with an average of five to seven hours sunshine per day. Though extreme weather events in Ireland are comparatively rare when compared with other countries in the European continent, they do occur. Atlantic depressions, occurring mainly in the months of December, January and February, can occasionally bring winds of up to to Western coastal counties, with the winter of 2013/14 being the stormiest on record. During the summer months, and particularly around late July/early August, thunderstorms can develop. | Generally, the coast tends to be windier than inland areas, and the west tends to be windier than the east.
The station with the highest mean wind speed is Malin Head, County Donegal, averaging at . Malin Head also receives the most gale-force winds, recording them on average 66.0 days per year.
The station with the lowest mean wind speed is Kilkenny, County Kilkenny; averaging at .
The station that records the lowest number of gale-force winds is Birr, County Offaly; recording them on average 1.2 days per year.
The highest wind speed ever recorded in Ireland was at Fastnet Lighthouse, County Cork on 16 October 2017.
Tornadoes are very rare in Ireland, with around less than ten reported every year - mostly in August. | [] | [
"Wind"
] | [
"Climate of Ireland",
"Climate by country"
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projected-17326499-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate%20of%20Ireland | Climate of Ireland | Fog | The climate of Ireland is mild, humid and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes. Ireland's climate is defined as a temperate oceanic climate, or Cfb on the Köppen climate classification system, a classification it shares with most of northwest Europe. The island receives generally warm summers and cool winters.
As Ireland is downwind of a large ocean, it is considerably milder in winter than other locations at the same latitude, for example Newfoundland in Canada or Sakhalin in Russia. The Atlantic overturning circulation, which includes ocean currents such as the North Atlantic Current and Gulf Stream, releases additional heat over the Atlantic, which is then carried by the prevailing winds towards Ireland giving, for example, Dublin a milder winter climate than other temperate oceanic climates in similar locations, for example Seattle in the United States.
The prevailing wind blows from the southwest, breaking on the high mountains of the west coast. Rainfall is therefore a particularly prominent part of western Irish life, with Valentia Island, off the west coast of County Kerry, getting almost twice as much annual rainfall as Dublin on the east ( vs. ).
January and February are the coldest months of the year, and mean daily air temperatures fall between during these months. July and August are the warmest, with mean daily temperatures of , whilst mean daily maximums in July and August vary from near the coast, to inland. The sunniest months are May and June, with an average of five to seven hours sunshine per day. Though extreme weather events in Ireland are comparatively rare when compared with other countries in the European continent, they do occur. Atlantic depressions, occurring mainly in the months of December, January and February, can occasionally bring winds of up to to Western coastal counties, with the winter of 2013/14 being the stormiest on record. During the summer months, and particularly around late July/early August, thunderstorms can develop. | Fog is more common inland and on higher altitudes; mainly during winter and during the morning at times of high pressure.
The foggiest station is that at Cork Airport, County Cork, which has 99.5 days of fog per year.
The least foggy station is that at Valentia Island, County Kerry, which has 8.9 days of fog per year. | [
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"Fog"
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projected-17326499-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate%20of%20Ireland | Climate of Ireland | Visibility | The climate of Ireland is mild, humid and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes. Ireland's climate is defined as a temperate oceanic climate, or Cfb on the Köppen climate classification system, a classification it shares with most of northwest Europe. The island receives generally warm summers and cool winters.
As Ireland is downwind of a large ocean, it is considerably milder in winter than other locations at the same latitude, for example Newfoundland in Canada or Sakhalin in Russia. The Atlantic overturning circulation, which includes ocean currents such as the North Atlantic Current and Gulf Stream, releases additional heat over the Atlantic, which is then carried by the prevailing winds towards Ireland giving, for example, Dublin a milder winter climate than other temperate oceanic climates in similar locations, for example Seattle in the United States.
The prevailing wind blows from the southwest, breaking on the high mountains of the west coast. Rainfall is therefore a particularly prominent part of western Irish life, with Valentia Island, off the west coast of County Kerry, getting almost twice as much annual rainfall as Dublin on the east ( vs. ).
January and February are the coldest months of the year, and mean daily air temperatures fall between during these months. July and August are the warmest, with mean daily temperatures of , whilst mean daily maximums in July and August vary from near the coast, to inland. The sunniest months are May and June, with an average of five to seven hours sunshine per day. Though extreme weather events in Ireland are comparatively rare when compared with other countries in the European continent, they do occur. Atlantic depressions, occurring mainly in the months of December, January and February, can occasionally bring winds of up to to Western coastal counties, with the winter of 2013/14 being the stormiest on record. During the summer months, and particularly around late July/early August, thunderstorms can develop. | Visibility is generally very good, because of the proximity of industry to the coast, allowing breezes to disperse any smog. Mist and fog often occur, as well as coastal fog in the east, but it is generally not long-lasting. However, in winter, it can be slow to clear. | [] | [
"Visibility"
] | [
"Climate of Ireland",
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projected-17326499-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate%20of%20Ireland | Climate of Ireland | See also | The climate of Ireland is mild, humid and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes. Ireland's climate is defined as a temperate oceanic climate, or Cfb on the Köppen climate classification system, a classification it shares with most of northwest Europe. The island receives generally warm summers and cool winters.
As Ireland is downwind of a large ocean, it is considerably milder in winter than other locations at the same latitude, for example Newfoundland in Canada or Sakhalin in Russia. The Atlantic overturning circulation, which includes ocean currents such as the North Atlantic Current and Gulf Stream, releases additional heat over the Atlantic, which is then carried by the prevailing winds towards Ireland giving, for example, Dublin a milder winter climate than other temperate oceanic climates in similar locations, for example Seattle in the United States.
The prevailing wind blows from the southwest, breaking on the high mountains of the west coast. Rainfall is therefore a particularly prominent part of western Irish life, with Valentia Island, off the west coast of County Kerry, getting almost twice as much annual rainfall as Dublin on the east ( vs. ).
January and February are the coldest months of the year, and mean daily air temperatures fall between during these months. July and August are the warmest, with mean daily temperatures of , whilst mean daily maximums in July and August vary from near the coast, to inland. The sunniest months are May and June, with an average of five to seven hours sunshine per day. Though extreme weather events in Ireland are comparatively rare when compared with other countries in the European continent, they do occur. Atlantic depressions, occurring mainly in the months of December, January and February, can occasionally bring winds of up to to Western coastal counties, with the winter of 2013/14 being the stormiest on record. During the summer months, and particularly around late July/early August, thunderstorms can develop. | Geography of Ireland
Climate change in the Republic of Ireland | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Climate of Ireland",
"Climate by country"
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projected-17326515-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxine | Maxine | Introduction | Maxine may refer to: | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"English feminine given names",
"Feminine given names"
] | |
projected-17326515-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxine | Maxine | People | Maxine may refer to: | Maxine is a feminine given name.
Maxine Andrews (1916–1995), member of The Andrews Sisters singing trio
Maxine Audley (1923–1992), English actress
Maxine Brown (country singer) (1932-2019), American country music singer
Maxine Brown (soul singer) (born 1939), American soul and R&B singer
Maxine D. Brown, American computer scientist
Maxine Carr, convicted of perverting the course of justice in relation to the Soham murders (not to be confused with Maxine Moore Carr / Maxine Waters below)
Maxine Dexter (1972), American politician
Maxine Elliott (1868–1940), American actress
Maxine Fassberg (born 1953), CEO, Intel Israel
Maxine Hong Kingston (born 1940), Chinese American author and Professor Emerita
Maxine Kumin (1925–2014), American poet and author
Maxine Mawhinney (born 1957), newsreader on the BBC News 24-hour television channel
Maxine McKew (born 1953), Australian politician and journalist
Maxine Medina (born 1990), Filipino model, beauty pageant titleholder, Miss Universe Philippines 2016, and top 6 Miss Universe 2016
Maxine Nightingale (born 1952), British R&B and soul music singer
Maxine Peake (born 1974), English actress
Maxine Reiner (1916–2003), American actress
Maxine Sanders (born 1946), British Wiccan
Maxine Sullivan (born Marietta Williams, 1911–1987), American jazz vocalist/performer
Maxine Waters (born Maxine Moore Carr, born 1938), American politician
Maxine (wrestler) (born 1986), stage name of American former professional wrestler, model, and former WWE Diva Karlee Pérez | [] | [
"People"
] | [
"English feminine given names",
"Feminine given names"
] |
projected-17326515-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxine | Maxine | Fictional characters | Maxine may refer to: | Maxine Peacock, from the British soap opera, Coronation Street
Maxine Chadway, from the television series Soul Food
Maxine Conway, from the Australian drama series, Wentworth
Maxine Minniver, from the British soap opera, Hollyoaks
Maxine Barlow, from the British drama series Waterloo Road
Maxine Mayfield, "Max" or "Madmax", on the Netflix series Stranger Things
Max Caulfield, or Maxine, main character in the video game Life Is Strange
Maxine Shaw, from the American television sitcom Living Single
Maxine, a character in a line of Hallmark Cards
Maxine Guevara, main character of the American TV series Dark Angel
Maxine Baker, daughter of Animal Man (Buddy Baker) in DC Comics
Maxine Tarnow, main character in Thomas Pynchon's novel Bleeding Edge | [] | [
"People",
"Fictional characters"
] | [
"English feminine given names",
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projected-17326515-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxine | Maxine | Other uses | Maxine may refer to: | Maxine, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
3977 Maxine, an asteroid, see List of minor planets: 3001–4000
Maxine Virtual Machine, an open source Java virtual machine | [] | [
"Other uses"
] | [
"English feminine given names",
"Feminine given names"
] |
projected-17326515-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxine | Maxine | Music | Maxine may refer to: | "Maxine" (Sharon O'Neill song), a song from Sharon O'Neill
"Maxine", a 2007 reissue bonus track on the album Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1
"Maxine", a song by John Legend from the album Once Again
"Maxine", a song by Donald Fagen from the album The Nightfly
"Maxine", a 1996 rap song by Eminem from the album Infinite | [] | [
"Music"
] | [
"English feminine given names",
"Feminine given names"
] |
projected-17326515-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxine | Maxine | See also | Maxine may refer to: | Max (disambiguation)
Maximilian
Maximus (disambiguation)
Category:English feminine given names
Category:Feminine given names | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"English feminine given names",
"Feminine given names"
] |
projected-17326520-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoakim%20Gruev | Yoakim Gruev | Introduction | Joakim Gruev (, died 1912) was a Bulgarian teacher and translator. He was born on 9 September 1828 in the town of Koprivshtitsa. He was a teacher at the leading Bulgarian high school in Plovdiv. He was the author of a number of textbooks. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Bulgarian writers",
"Bulgarian educators",
"19th-century Bulgarian people",
"Members of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences",
"People from Koprivshtitsa",
"1828 births",
"1912 deaths",
"19th-century Bulgarian educators"
] | |
projected-17326520-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoakim%20Gruev | Yoakim Gruev | References | Joakim Gruev (, died 1912) was a Bulgarian teacher and translator. He was born on 9 September 1828 in the town of Koprivshtitsa. He was a teacher at the leading Bulgarian high school in Plovdiv. He was the author of a number of textbooks. | Category:Bulgarian writers
Category:Bulgarian educators
Category:19th-century Bulgarian people
Category:Members of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Category:People from Koprivshtitsa
Category:1828 births
Category:1912 deaths
Category:19th-century Bulgarian educators | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Bulgarian writers",
"Bulgarian educators",
"19th-century Bulgarian people",
"Members of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences",
"People from Koprivshtitsa",
"1828 births",
"1912 deaths",
"19th-century Bulgarian educators"
] |
projected-23571309-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Keayne | Robert Keayne | Introduction | Robert Keayne (1595 – March 23, 1656) was a prominent public figure in 17th-century Boston, Massachusetts. He co-founded the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts and served as speaker of the House of the Massachusetts General Court. Keayne was a prosperous London merchant who joined his fellow Puritans in Boston where he built a fortune. He was accused of unfair business practices, and brought before the legislature, the Massachusetts General Court. It found Keayne guilty, fined him, and compelled him to confess his "sins." He proclaimed his innocence, and justified his actions in elaborate detail in his will. It bequeathed £2500 to Boston, to upgrade the infrastructure with an aqueduct, relieve the city's poor, and fund the First Town-House, a grand public meeting place. He attached a condition to the effect that the bequest would become void if there were any legal actions against his estate; there were none. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"People from colonial Boston",
"Speakers of the Massachusetts House of Representatives",
"American philanthropists",
"1595 births",
"1656 deaths",
"17th century in Boston",
"Burials in Boston",
"People from Windsor, Berkshire",
"Kingdom of England emigrants to Massachusetts Bay Colony",
"17th-cent... | |
projected-23571309-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Keayne | Robert Keayne | Biography | Robert Keayne (1595 – March 23, 1656) was a prominent public figure in 17th-century Boston, Massachusetts. He co-founded the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts and served as speaker of the House of the Massachusetts General Court. Keayne was a prosperous London merchant who joined his fellow Puritans in Boston where he built a fortune. He was accused of unfair business practices, and brought before the legislature, the Massachusetts General Court. It found Keayne guilty, fined him, and compelled him to confess his "sins." He proclaimed his innocence, and justified his actions in elaborate detail in his will. It bequeathed £2500 to Boston, to upgrade the infrastructure with an aqueduct, relieve the city's poor, and fund the First Town-House, a grand public meeting place. He attached a condition to the effect that the bequest would become void if there were any legal actions against his estate; there were none. | Keayne was born in Windsor, England in 1595. His father, John Keayne, worked as a butcher. While living in London, Keayne held membership in the Honourable Artillery Company and the Merchant Taylor's Company. He also kept notes in his private journal of sermons preached 1627-1628 by John Cotton, John Wilson, Hugh Peters, and John Davenport.
In 1617 Keayne married Anne Mansfield; they had a son, Benjamin Keayne, in 1619.
Keayne and his family arrived in Boston from London in 1635 on the ship Defence. In Boston, he worked as a tailor, and kept a shop on State Street, "living in apartments overhead, as was the custom in those times."
He belonged to the First Church congregation, and kept notes in his private journal of sermons preached by John Wilson, Thomas Cobbet, and John Cotton, who had moved to Boston in 1633.
In 1637, he was found guilty and fined 200 pounds by a Puritan court for overcharging customers. By today's capitalistic standards he would have been judged shrewd and successful. At the time, he penitently bewailed "his covetous and corrupt heart," but justified himself at length in his will.
In 1638, he helped to establish the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts, serving as first captain.
He served as town Selectman for several years; and as a representative to the Massachusetts General Court, being appointed House Speaker in 1646.
Keayne left a 37-page will, covering a range of topics, which notably left several hundred pounds to establish the First Town-House, a building to "be used by the town and county government and be shared by the military company, with convenience for a market and conduit near by." Remarking on the need for a covered market, he wrote:
I having long thought and considered the want of some necessary things of public concernment which may not be only comodious, but very profitable and useful for the Town of Boston, as a market place ... useful for the country people that come with their provisions for the supply of the towne, that they may have a place to sett dry in and warme, both in cold raine and durty weather, and may have a place to leave their corne or any other things safe that they cannot sell, till they come again, which would be both an encouragement to come in and a great means to increase trading in the Towne also.
Keayne died in 1656 and is buried in the King's Chapel Burying Ground where a plaque has been affixed to his brick burial vault. Another memorial plaque, placed in 1925, honors Keayne in downtown Boston, on the corner of State and Washington Streets. Each year on the first Monday in June the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company leads a procession to the gravesite, laying a wreath in Keayne's memory. | [] | [
"Biography"
] | [
"People from colonial Boston",
"Speakers of the Massachusetts House of Representatives",
"American philanthropists",
"1595 births",
"1656 deaths",
"17th century in Boston",
"Burials in Boston",
"People from Windsor, Berkshire",
"Kingdom of England emigrants to Massachusetts Bay Colony",
"17th-cent... |
projected-23571309-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Keayne | Robert Keayne | Further reading | Robert Keayne (1595 – March 23, 1656) was a prominent public figure in 17th-century Boston, Massachusetts. He co-founded the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts and served as speaker of the House of the Massachusetts General Court. Keayne was a prosperous London merchant who joined his fellow Puritans in Boston where he built a fortune. He was accused of unfair business practices, and brought before the legislature, the Massachusetts General Court. It found Keayne guilty, fined him, and compelled him to confess his "sins." He proclaimed his innocence, and justified his actions in elaborate detail in his will. It bequeathed £2500 to Boston, to upgrade the infrastructure with an aqueduct, relieve the city's poor, and fund the First Town-House, a grand public meeting place. He attached a condition to the effect that the bequest would become void if there were any legal actions against his estate; there were none. | Bailyn, Bernard. "The Apologia of Robert Keayne." William and Mary Quarterly (1950): 568-587. in JSTOR
Dalzell, Jr. Robert F. The Good Rich and What They Cost Us (Yale University Press, 2013) | [] | [
"Further reading"
] | [
"People from colonial Boston",
"Speakers of the Massachusetts House of Representatives",
"American philanthropists",
"1595 births",
"1656 deaths",
"17th century in Boston",
"Burials in Boston",
"People from Windsor, Berkshire",
"Kingdom of England emigrants to Massachusetts Bay Colony",
"17th-cent... |
projected-17326550-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%20Calder%20Cup%20playoffs | 1983 Calder Cup playoffs | Introduction | The 1983 Calder Cup playoffs of the American Hockey League began on April 5, 1983. The eight teams that qualified, four from each division, played best-of-seven series for Division Semifinals and Division Finals. The division champions played a best-of-seven series for the Calder Cup. The Calder Cup Final ended on May 19, 1983, with the Rochester Americans defeating the Maine Mariners four games to zero to win the Calder Cup for the fourth time in team history. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1982–83 AHL season",
"Calder Cup playoffs"
] | |
projected-17326550-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%20Calder%20Cup%20playoffs | 1983 Calder Cup playoffs | Playoff seeds | The 1983 Calder Cup playoffs of the American Hockey League began on April 5, 1983. The eight teams that qualified, four from each division, played best-of-seven series for Division Semifinals and Division Finals. The division champions played a best-of-seven series for the Calder Cup. The Calder Cup Final ended on May 19, 1983, with the Rochester Americans defeating the Maine Mariners four games to zero to win the Calder Cup for the fourth time in team history. | After the 1982–83 AHL regular season, the top four teams from each division qualified for the playoffs. The Rochester Americans finished the regular season with the best overall record. | [] | [
"Playoff seeds"
] | [
"1982–83 AHL season",
"Calder Cup playoffs"
] |
projected-17326550-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%20Calder%20Cup%20playoffs | 1983 Calder Cup playoffs | Northern Division | The 1983 Calder Cup playoffs of the American Hockey League began on April 5, 1983. The eight teams that qualified, four from each division, played best-of-seven series for Division Semifinals and Division Finals. The division champions played a best-of-seven series for the Calder Cup. The Calder Cup Final ended on May 19, 1983, with the Rochester Americans defeating the Maine Mariners four games to zero to win the Calder Cup for the fourth time in team history. | Fredericton Express - 98 points
Nova Scotia Voyageurs - 87 points
Maine Mariners - 86 points
Adirondack Red Wings - 77 points | [] | [
"Playoff seeds",
"Northern Division"
] | [
"1982–83 AHL season",
"Calder Cup playoffs"
] |
projected-17326550-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%20Calder%20Cup%20playoffs | 1983 Calder Cup playoffs | Southern Division | The 1983 Calder Cup playoffs of the American Hockey League began on April 5, 1983. The eight teams that qualified, four from each division, played best-of-seven series for Division Semifinals and Division Finals. The division champions played a best-of-seven series for the Calder Cup. The Calder Cup Final ended on May 19, 1983, with the Rochester Americans defeating the Maine Mariners four games to zero to win the Calder Cup for the fourth time in team history. | Rochester Americans - 101 points
Hershey Bears - 85 points
New Haven Nighthawks - 84 points
Binghamton Whalers - 80 points | [] | [
"Playoff seeds",
"Southern Division"
] | [
"1982–83 AHL season",
"Calder Cup playoffs"
] |
projected-17326550-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%20Calder%20Cup%20playoffs | 1983 Calder Cup playoffs | Bracket | The 1983 Calder Cup playoffs of the American Hockey League began on April 5, 1983. The eight teams that qualified, four from each division, played best-of-seven series for Division Semifinals and Division Finals. The division champions played a best-of-seven series for the Calder Cup. The Calder Cup Final ended on May 19, 1983, with the Rochester Americans defeating the Maine Mariners four games to zero to win the Calder Cup for the fourth time in team history. | In each round, the team that earned more points during the regular season receives home ice advantage, meaning they receive the "extra" game on home-ice if the series reaches the maximum number of games. There is no set series format due to arena scheduling conflicts and travel considerations. | [] | [
"Bracket"
] | [
"1982–83 AHL season",
"Calder Cup playoffs"
] |
projected-17326550-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%20Calder%20Cup%20playoffs | 1983 Calder Cup playoffs | Division Semifinals | The 1983 Calder Cup playoffs of the American Hockey League began on April 5, 1983. The eight teams that qualified, four from each division, played best-of-seven series for Division Semifinals and Division Finals. The division champions played a best-of-seven series for the Calder Cup. The Calder Cup Final ended on May 19, 1983, with the Rochester Americans defeating the Maine Mariners four games to zero to win the Calder Cup for the fourth time in team history. | Note: Home team is listed first. | [] | [
"Division Semifinals"
] | [
"1982–83 AHL season",
"Calder Cup playoffs"
] |
projected-17326550-019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%20Calder%20Cup%20playoffs | 1983 Calder Cup playoffs | See also | The 1983 Calder Cup playoffs of the American Hockey League began on April 5, 1983. The eight teams that qualified, four from each division, played best-of-seven series for Division Semifinals and Division Finals. The division champions played a best-of-seven series for the Calder Cup. The Calder Cup Final ended on May 19, 1983, with the Rochester Americans defeating the Maine Mariners four games to zero to win the Calder Cup for the fourth time in team history. | 1982–83 AHL season
List of AHL seasons | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"1982–83 AHL season",
"Calder Cup playoffs"
] |
projected-17326550-020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%20Calder%20Cup%20playoffs | 1983 Calder Cup playoffs | References | The 1983 Calder Cup playoffs of the American Hockey League began on April 5, 1983. The eight teams that qualified, four from each division, played best-of-seven series for Division Semifinals and Division Finals. The division champions played a best-of-seven series for the Calder Cup. The Calder Cup Final ended on May 19, 1983, with the Rochester Americans defeating the Maine Mariners four games to zero to win the Calder Cup for the fourth time in team history. | Calder Cup
Category:Calder Cup playoffs | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"1982–83 AHL season",
"Calder Cup playoffs"
] |
projected-23571311-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qinghai%20Lake%20railway%20station | Qinghai Lake railway station | Introduction | Qinghai Lake railway station is a railway station on the Qingzang railway. It serves Qinghai Lake and is located 133 km from Xining railway station. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Railway stations in Qinghai",
"Stations on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway"
] | |
projected-23571311-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qinghai%20Lake%20railway%20station | Qinghai Lake railway station | See also | Qinghai Lake railway station is a railway station on the Qingzang railway. It serves Qinghai Lake and is located 133 km from Xining railway station. | List of stations on Qingzang railway
Category:Railway stations in Qinghai
Category:Stations on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Railway stations in Qinghai",
"Stations on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway"
] |
projected-23571315-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Intimate%20Adventures%20of%20a%20London%20Call%20Girl | The Intimate Adventures of a London Call Girl | Introduction | The Intimate Adventures of a London Call Girl are memoirs of a former London call girl written by Dr. Brooke Magnanti, under the pseudonym Belle de Jour.
From the summer of 2003 to the autumn of 2004 Belle charted her day-to-day adventures on and off the field in a web diary. The blogs were then published into the book, in which Belle elaborates on the diary entries and tells of how she became a Call Girl. | [
"London Call Girl Cover 2.jpg"
] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"English non-fiction books",
"2005 non-fiction books",
"Non-fiction books about British prostitution",
"Prostitution in the United Kingdom"
] | |
projected-23571315-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Intimate%20Adventures%20of%20a%20London%20Call%20Girl | The Intimate Adventures of a London Call Girl | Synopsis | The Intimate Adventures of a London Call Girl are memoirs of a former London call girl written by Dr. Brooke Magnanti, under the pseudonym Belle de Jour.
From the summer of 2003 to the autumn of 2004 Belle charted her day-to-day adventures on and off the field in a web diary. The blogs were then published into the book, in which Belle elaborates on the diary entries and tells of how she became a Call Girl. | The Intimate Adventures of a London Call Girl begins with Belle de Jour introducing herself as a "whore", then further explaining that she does not mean it metaphorically, and that she literally is a "whore".
After the prologue the book begins in a diary format, with Belle explaining the clients she meets and her personal complications that become entwined with her job as a call girl. The average diary entries last little longer than a page and are always titled with the date, which is written in French, for example, the first diary entry reads "Samedi, le 1 Novembre", which translates into Saturday, 1 November. Each chapter is broken apart by the month the diary entries were written in, for example "Novembre" (November). | [] | [
"Synopsis"
] | [
"English non-fiction books",
"2005 non-fiction books",
"Non-fiction books about British prostitution",
"Prostitution in the United Kingdom"
] |
projected-23571315-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Intimate%20Adventures%20of%20a%20London%20Call%20Girl | The Intimate Adventures of a London Call Girl | People featured in the book | The Intimate Adventures of a London Call Girl are memoirs of a former London call girl written by Dr. Brooke Magnanti, under the pseudonym Belle de Jour.
From the summer of 2003 to the autumn of 2004 Belle charted her day-to-day adventures on and off the field in a web diary. The blogs were then published into the book, in which Belle elaborates on the diary entries and tells of how she became a Call Girl. | Belle: The writer of The Intimate Adventures of a London Call Girl. The book focuses primarily on Belle's life.
N: An ex-boyfriend of Belle's and her good friend.
The manager: Belle's madam, an intelligent woman, fluent in German and Arabic.
The Boy: Belle's boyfriend, who is aware of her job as a call girl. | [] | [
"People featured in the book"
] | [
"English non-fiction books",
"2005 non-fiction books",
"Non-fiction books about British prostitution",
"Prostitution in the United Kingdom"
] |
projected-23571315-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Intimate%20Adventures%20of%20a%20London%20Call%20Girl | The Intimate Adventures of a London Call Girl | Adaptation | The Intimate Adventures of a London Call Girl are memoirs of a former London call girl written by Dr. Brooke Magnanti, under the pseudonym Belle de Jour.
From the summer of 2003 to the autumn of 2004 Belle charted her day-to-day adventures on and off the field in a web diary. The blogs were then published into the book, in which Belle elaborates on the diary entries and tells of how she became a Call Girl. | An adaption was created for ITV2 in 2007 called Secret Diary of a Call Girl. The show stars Billie Piper as Belle but also shows her private life and her personal struggles; in the adaptation her real name is Hannah Baxter. The show has since been aired in America by Showtime. | [] | [
"Adaptation"
] | [
"English non-fiction books",
"2005 non-fiction books",
"Non-fiction books about British prostitution",
"Prostitution in the United Kingdom"
] |
projected-23571315-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Intimate%20Adventures%20of%20a%20London%20Call%20Girl | The Intimate Adventures of a London Call Girl | Differences | The Intimate Adventures of a London Call Girl are memoirs of a former London call girl written by Dr. Brooke Magnanti, under the pseudonym Belle de Jour.
From the summer of 2003 to the autumn of 2004 Belle charted her day-to-day adventures on and off the field in a web diary. The blogs were then published into the book, in which Belle elaborates on the diary entries and tells of how she became a Call Girl. | Some of the characters in Secret Diary of a Call Girl have different personalities from their literary counterparts. N is described as "the hub of all gossip", whereas Ben in Secret Diary of a Call Girl does not seem to share this trait. The manager is described as rather nice, and Belle appears to have a pleasant enough relationship with her, however Stephanie, Belle's madam in Secret Diary, is a cynical woman who often argues with Belle. The Boy appears to have no television equivalent. The closest character to The Boy would be Alex; however the links between the two are somewhat tenuous. The character of Hannah Baxter, who also goes under the pseudonym Belle, remains very close to the original descriptions of Belle de Jour in the books. | [] | [
"Adaptation",
"Differences"
] | [
"English non-fiction books",
"2005 non-fiction books",
"Non-fiction books about British prostitution",
"Prostitution in the United Kingdom"
] |
projected-23571318-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuole%20railway%20station | Tuole railway station | Introduction | Tuole Railway Station is a railway station on the Qingzang railway in the People's Republic of China. It serves Tulai and is located 147 km from Xining Railway Station. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Railway stations in Qinghai",
"Stations on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway"
] | |
projected-23571318-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuole%20railway%20station | Tuole railway station | See also | Tuole Railway Station is a railway station on the Qingzang railway in the People's Republic of China. It serves Tulai and is located 147 km from Xining Railway Station. | List of stations on Qingzang railway
Category:Railway stations in Qinghai
Category:Stations on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Railway stations in Qinghai",
"Stations on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway"
] |
projected-23571325-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bloudy%20Tenent%20of%20Persecution%20for%20Cause%20of%20Conscience | The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution for Cause of Conscience | Introduction | The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution, for Cause of Conscience, Discussed in a Conference between Truth and Peace is a 1644 book about government force written by Roger Williams, the founder of Providence Plantations in New England and the co-founder of the First Baptist Church in America. Tenent is an obsolete spelling of tenet, and the book argues for a "wall of separation" between church and state and for state toleration of various Christian denominations, including Catholicism, and also "paganish, Jewish, Turkish or anti-Christian consciences and worships." The book takes the form of a dialogue between Truth and Peace and is a response to correspondence by Boston minister John Cotton regarding Cotton's support for state enforcement of religious uniformity in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Williams argues that Christianity requires the existence of a separate civil authority which may not generally infringe upon liberty of conscience, which Williams interpreted to be a God-given right. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1644 books",
"17th-century Christian texts",
"History books about the United States",
"History of religion in the United States",
"Rhode Island culture",
"Separation of church and state in the United States"
] | |
projected-23571325-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bloudy%20Tenent%20of%20Persecution%20for%20Cause%20of%20Conscience | The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution for Cause of Conscience | Impact | The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution, for Cause of Conscience, Discussed in a Conference between Truth and Peace is a 1644 book about government force written by Roger Williams, the founder of Providence Plantations in New England and the co-founder of the First Baptist Church in America. Tenent is an obsolete spelling of tenet, and the book argues for a "wall of separation" between church and state and for state toleration of various Christian denominations, including Catholicism, and also "paganish, Jewish, Turkish or anti-Christian consciences and worships." The book takes the form of a dialogue between Truth and Peace and is a response to correspondence by Boston minister John Cotton regarding Cotton's support for state enforcement of religious uniformity in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Williams argues that Christianity requires the existence of a separate civil authority which may not generally infringe upon liberty of conscience, which Williams interpreted to be a God-given right. | The 1644 text is considered one of Williams' best-developed arguments, even though it was written under presumably rushed conditions and is stylistically difficult. Many of the original copies of The Bloudy Tenent were burned by order of a Parliamentary faction offended by his view of government. John Cotton responded to the book by defending his positions in The Bloudy Tenent, Washed, and Made White in the Bloud of the Lamb. Upon his return to London in 1652, Williams published a defense of his positions and responded to Cotton in The Bloudy Tenent Yet More Bloudy by Mr. Cotton's Endeavour to Wash it White in the Blood of the Lamb; of Whose Precious Blood, Spilt in the Bloud of his Servants; and of the Blood of Millions Spilt in Former and Later Wars for Conscience Sake, That Most Bloody Tenent of Persecution for Cause of Conscience, upon, a Second Tryal Is Found More Apparently and More Notoriously Guilty, etc. (London, 1652). The Bloudy Tenent has been cited as a philosophical source for John Locke, the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, and several writings of Thomas Jefferson regarding religious freedom. | [] | [
"Impact"
] | [
"1644 books",
"17th-century Christian texts",
"History books about the United States",
"History of religion in the United States",
"Rhode Island culture",
"Separation of church and state in the United States"
] |
projected-23571325-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bloudy%20Tenent%20of%20Persecution%20for%20Cause%20of%20Conscience | The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution for Cause of Conscience | Biblical support for preventing governmental interference in religious matters | The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution, for Cause of Conscience, Discussed in a Conference between Truth and Peace is a 1644 book about government force written by Roger Williams, the founder of Providence Plantations in New England and the co-founder of the First Baptist Church in America. Tenent is an obsolete spelling of tenet, and the book argues for a "wall of separation" between church and state and for state toleration of various Christian denominations, including Catholicism, and also "paganish, Jewish, Turkish or anti-Christian consciences and worships." The book takes the form of a dialogue between Truth and Peace and is a response to correspondence by Boston minister John Cotton regarding Cotton's support for state enforcement of religious uniformity in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Williams argues that Christianity requires the existence of a separate civil authority which may not generally infringe upon liberty of conscience, which Williams interpreted to be a God-given right. | In the Bloudy Tenent and other writings, Williams interpreted many passages in the Old and New Testaments as limiting governmental interference in any religious matters, and therefore opposing the traditional Puritan exegesis which supported using state force in some religious matters:
Williams believed that historic Israel was a unique covenant kingdom and the kings should be interpreted using typology. Therefore, the covenant kings were not appropriate government models for New Testament Christians, who believed that the Old Testament covenant had been fulfilled through Christ, as the ultimate king. Accordingly, Williams asserted that the more informative Old Testament examples of civil government were good non-covenant kings such as Artaxerxes, a pagan who gave the Hebrews freedom to worship in but did not compel any kind of worship. For examples of bad kings, Williams mentioned Nebuchadnezzar in the Book of Daniel who oppressively forced the Jews (including Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego) to worship the state god or face death. Williams also used the example of Naboth's unjust execution in as an example of a bad civil government abusing its religious power.
Williams interpreted the Parable of the Tares in the to support toleration of all of the "weeds", because civil persecution often inadvertently hurts the "wheat" (believers) too. He specifically defined the "weeds" as heretics who were clearly not Christians, such as Paul before his conversion, and not simply people with minor theological differences, as the Puritans asserted. Ultimately, he argued, it is God's duty to judge, not man's.
Williams cited the legitimate role of government in as applying only to enforcement of the second table of the Ten Commandments—that is, the last five commandments involving hurting other people. He further cited Paul's letters in , , and to explain how to use "spiritual weapons" rather than physical ones in dealing with unbelievers.
Williams interpreted to support the use of spiritual weapons rather than civil weapons, and pointed out that Christ's letters in these chapters were written to and applied to churches, not to civil governments. Williams interpreted 's Beast of Revelation prophecy as representing all state churches that used governmental force to coerce political goals in the name of Christianity, including those in Europe and Massachusetts. | [] | [
"Biblical support for preventing governmental interference in religious matters"
] | [
"1644 books",
"17th-century Christian texts",
"History books about the United States",
"History of religion in the United States",
"Rhode Island culture",
"Separation of church and state in the United States"
] |
projected-23571325-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bloudy%20Tenent%20of%20Persecution%20for%20Cause%20of%20Conscience | The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution for Cause of Conscience | See also | The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution, for Cause of Conscience, Discussed in a Conference between Truth and Peace is a 1644 book about government force written by Roger Williams, the founder of Providence Plantations in New England and the co-founder of the First Baptist Church in America. Tenent is an obsolete spelling of tenet, and the book argues for a "wall of separation" between church and state and for state toleration of various Christian denominations, including Catholicism, and also "paganish, Jewish, Turkish or anti-Christian consciences and worships." The book takes the form of a dialogue between Truth and Peace and is a response to correspondence by Boston minister John Cotton regarding Cotton's support for state enforcement of religious uniformity in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Williams argues that Christianity requires the existence of a separate civil authority which may not generally infringe upon liberty of conscience, which Williams interpreted to be a God-given right. | Roger Williams
A Key into the Language of America
Christian debate on persecution and toleration | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"1644 books",
"17th-century Christian texts",
"History books about the United States",
"History of religion in the United States",
"Rhode Island culture",
"Separation of church and state in the United States"
] |
projected-23571329-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McIlwraith%2C%20McEacharn%20%26%20Co | McIlwraith, McEacharn & Co | Introduction | McIlwraith, McEacharn & Co was an Australian shipping company. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1875 establishments in England",
"Companies based in Melbourne",
"Companies formerly listed on the Australian Securities Exchange",
"Defunct shipping companies of Australia",
"Transport companies established in 1875"
] | |
projected-23571329-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McIlwraith%2C%20McEacharn%20%26%20Co | McIlwraith, McEacharn & Co | History | McIlwraith, McEacharn & Co was an Australian shipping company. | McIlwraith, McEacharn & Co (MMC) was founded in 1875 in London by Scottish sea captains, Andrew McIlwraith and Malcolm McEacharn. In 1876 it began operating ships to take British migrants to the Australia under contract to the Government of Queensland. In 1891, it relocated it headquarters to Melbourne.
MMC built up a coal bunkering businesses, had a shareholding in Mount Morgan Mine and had associations with Burns Philp and Castlemaine Perkins. In 1958, MMC became a shareholder in bulk carrier operator Bulkships in partnership with the Adelaide Steamship Company.
In May 1993, MMC was sold to Cyprus Mining Company. | [
"McIlwraith McEacharn Wharf 4, Hickson Road.jpg"
] | [
"History"
] | [
"1875 establishments in England",
"Companies based in Melbourne",
"Companies formerly listed on the Australian Securities Exchange",
"Defunct shipping companies of Australia",
"Transport companies established in 1875"
] |
projected-23571329-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McIlwraith%2C%20McEacharn%20%26%20Co | McIlwraith, McEacharn & Co | References | McIlwraith, McEacharn & Co was an Australian shipping company. | Category:1875 establishments in England
Category:Companies based in Melbourne
Category:Companies formerly listed on the Australian Securities Exchange
Category:Defunct shipping companies of Australia
Category:Transport companies established in 1875 | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"1875 establishments in England",
"Companies based in Melbourne",
"Companies formerly listed on the Australian Securities Exchange",
"Defunct shipping companies of Australia",
"Transport companies established in 1875"
] |
projected-23571330-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganzihe%20railway%20station | Ganzihe railway station | Introduction | Ganzihe railway station is a railway station on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway. It serves Ganzihe and is located 162 km from Xining railway station. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Railway stations in Qinghai",
"Stations on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway"
] | |
projected-23571330-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganzihe%20railway%20station | Ganzihe railway station | See also | Ganzihe railway station is a railway station on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway. It serves Ganzihe and is located 162 km from Xining railway station. | List of stations on Qinghai–Tibet railway
Category:Railway stations in Qinghai
Category:Stations on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Railway stations in Qinghai",
"Stations on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway"
] |
projected-23571335-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haergai%20railway%20station | Haergai railway station | Introduction | Haergai railway station is a railway station on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway. It serves Hairag and is located 177 km from Xining railway station. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Railway stations in Qinghai",
"Stations on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway"
] | |
projected-23571335-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haergai%20railway%20station | Haergai railway station | See also | Haergai railway station is a railway station on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway. It serves Hairag and is located 177 km from Xining railway station. | List of stations on Qinghai–Tibet railway
Category:Railway stations in Qinghai
Category:Stations on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Railway stations in Qinghai",
"Stations on the Qinghai–Tibet Railway"
] |
projected-23571343-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido%20Colliery%20and%20Railway%20Company | Hokkaido Colliery and Railway Company | Introduction | was a company engaged in coal mining, railway operation and shipping in Hokkaidō, Japan.
The company was established in 1889 when the state-owned and Horonai Railway were sold to the company. The company developed coal mines and transported coal to consumers by its own railways and a fleet of steamships.
The railway of the company was nationalized on October 1, 1906 under the Railway Nationalization Act. At this time the company was renamed , which continued mining until 1995 and is in business of coal importing from Russia as of 2014. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Coal companies of Japan",
"Economic history of Japan",
"Defunct railway companies of Japan",
"Rail transport in Hokkaido",
"Railway companies established in 1889",
"Railway companies disestablished in 1906",
"Japanese companies established in 1889"
] | |
projected-23571343-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido%20Colliery%20and%20Railway%20Company | Hokkaido Colliery and Railway Company | List of lines and stations | was a company engaged in coal mining, railway operation and shipping in Hokkaidō, Japan.
The company was established in 1889 when the state-owned and Horonai Railway were sold to the company. The company developed coal mines and transported coal to consumers by its own railways and a fleet of steamships.
The railway of the company was nationalized on October 1, 1906 under the Railway Nationalization Act. At this time the company was renamed , which continued mining until 1995 and is in business of coal importing from Russia as of 2014. | As of September 30, 1906 | [] | [
"Railway",
"List of lines and stations"
] | [
"Coal companies of Japan",
"Economic history of Japan",
"Defunct railway companies of Japan",
"Rail transport in Hokkaido",
"Railway companies established in 1889",
"Railway companies disestablished in 1906",
"Japanese companies established in 1889"
] |
projected-23571343-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido%20Colliery%20and%20Railway%20Company | Hokkaido Colliery and Railway Company | Muroran – Temiya | was a company engaged in coal mining, railway operation and shipping in Hokkaidō, Japan.
The company was established in 1889 when the state-owned and Horonai Railway were sold to the company. The company developed coal mines and transported coal to consumers by its own railways and a fleet of steamships.
The railway of the company was nationalized on October 1, 1906 under the Railway Nationalization Act. At this time the company was renamed , which continued mining until 1995 and is in business of coal importing from Russia as of 2014. | The Muroran–Iwamizawa section and the Iwamizawa–Otaru section are part of the Muroran Main Line and the Hakodate Main Line respectively today. The remaining Otaru–Temiya section became the Temiya Line, which was closed in 1985. | [
"Legenda port.svg",
"Legenda port.svg"
] | [
"Railway",
"List of lines and stations",
"Muroran – Temiya"
] | [
"Coal companies of Japan",
"Economic history of Japan",
"Defunct railway companies of Japan",
"Rail transport in Hokkaido",
"Railway companies established in 1889",
"Railway companies disestablished in 1906",
"Japanese companies established in 1889"
] |
projected-23571343-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido%20Colliery%20and%20Railway%20Company | Hokkaido Colliery and Railway Company | Iwamizawa – Utashinai | was a company engaged in coal mining, railway operation and shipping in Hokkaidō, Japan.
The company was established in 1889 when the state-owned and Horonai Railway were sold to the company. The company developed coal mines and transported coal to consumers by its own railways and a fleet of steamships.
The railway of the company was nationalized on October 1, 1906 under the Railway Nationalization Act. At this time the company was renamed , which continued mining until 1995 and is in business of coal importing from Russia as of 2014. | The Iwamizawa–Sunagawa section is the part of the Hakodate Main Line today. The remaining part became the Utashinai Line, which was closed in 1988. | [
"Gfi-set01-coal-mine.png"
] | [
"Railway",
"List of lines and stations",
"Iwamizawa – Utashinai"
] | [
"Coal companies of Japan",
"Economic history of Japan",
"Defunct railway companies of Japan",
"Rail transport in Hokkaido",
"Railway companies established in 1889",
"Railway companies disestablished in 1906",
"Japanese companies established in 1889"
] |
projected-23571343-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido%20Colliery%20and%20Railway%20Company | Hokkaido Colliery and Railway Company | Iwamizawa – Ikushunbetsu | was a company engaged in coal mining, railway operation and shipping in Hokkaidō, Japan.
The company was established in 1889 when the state-owned and Horonai Railway were sold to the company. The company developed coal mines and transported coal to consumers by its own railways and a fleet of steamships.
The railway of the company was nationalized on October 1, 1906 under the Railway Nationalization Act. At this time the company was renamed , which continued mining until 1995 and is in business of coal importing from Russia as of 2014. | This section later became a part of the Horonai Line, which was closed in 1987. | [
"Gfi-set01-coal-mine.png"
] | [
"Railway",
"List of lines and stations",
"Iwamizawa – Ikushunbetsu"
] | [
"Coal companies of Japan",
"Economic history of Japan",
"Defunct railway companies of Japan",
"Rail transport in Hokkaido",
"Railway companies established in 1889",
"Railway companies disestablished in 1906",
"Japanese companies established in 1889"
] |
projected-23571343-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido%20Colliery%20and%20Railway%20Company | Hokkaido Colliery and Railway Company | Horonaibuto – Horonai | was a company engaged in coal mining, railway operation and shipping in Hokkaidō, Japan.
The company was established in 1889 when the state-owned and Horonai Railway were sold to the company. The company developed coal mines and transported coal to consumers by its own railways and a fleet of steamships.
The railway of the company was nationalized on October 1, 1906 under the Railway Nationalization Act. At this time the company was renamed , which continued mining until 1995 and is in business of coal importing from Russia as of 2014. | This section later became a part of the Horonai Line, which was closed in 1987. | [
"Gfi-set01-coal-mine.png"
] | [
"Railway",
"List of lines and stations",
"Horonaibuto – Horonai"
] | [
"Coal companies of Japan",
"Economic history of Japan",
"Defunct railway companies of Japan",
"Rail transport in Hokkaido",
"Railway companies established in 1889",
"Railway companies disestablished in 1906",
"Japanese companies established in 1889"
] |
projected-23571343-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido%20Colliery%20and%20Railway%20Company | Hokkaido Colliery and Railway Company | Oiwake – Yūbari | was a company engaged in coal mining, railway operation and shipping in Hokkaidō, Japan.
The company was established in 1889 when the state-owned and Horonai Railway were sold to the company. The company developed coal mines and transported coal to consumers by its own railways and a fleet of steamships.
The railway of the company was nationalized on October 1, 1906 under the Railway Nationalization Act. At this time the company was renamed , which continued mining until 1995 and is in business of coal importing from Russia as of 2014. | The section from Oiwake to Shin-Yubari (Momijiyama) is a part of the Sekishō Line (Main section) today while the remainder became the Yubari Branch Line which closed in 2019. | [
"Gfi-set01-coal-mine.png"
] | [
"Railway",
"List of lines and stations",
"Oiwake – Yūbari"
] | [
"Coal companies of Japan",
"Economic history of Japan",
"Defunct railway companies of Japan",
"Rail transport in Hokkaido",
"Railway companies established in 1889",
"Railway companies disestablished in 1906",
"Japanese companies established in 1889"
] |
projected-23571343-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido%20Colliery%20and%20Railway%20Company | Hokkaido Colliery and Railway Company | Sunagawa – Sorachigawa | was a company engaged in coal mining, railway operation and shipping in Hokkaidō, Japan.
The company was established in 1889 when the state-owned and Horonai Railway were sold to the company. The company developed coal mines and transported coal to consumers by its own railways and a fleet of steamships.
The railway of the company was nationalized on October 1, 1906 under the Railway Nationalization Act. At this time the company was renamed , which continued mining until 1995 and is in business of coal importing from Russia as of 2014. | The company leased this section to Japanese Government Railways. This section is a part of the Hakodate Main Line today. | [] | [
"Railway",
"List of lines and stations",
"Sunagawa – Sorachigawa"
] | [
"Coal companies of Japan",
"Economic history of Japan",
"Defunct railway companies of Japan",
"Rail transport in Hokkaido",
"Railway companies established in 1889",
"Railway companies disestablished in 1906",
"Japanese companies established in 1889"
] |
projected-23571343-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido%20Colliery%20and%20Railway%20Company | Hokkaido Colliery and Railway Company | Nationalization | was a company engaged in coal mining, railway operation and shipping in Hokkaidō, Japan.
The company was established in 1889 when the state-owned and Horonai Railway were sold to the company. The company developed coal mines and transported coal to consumers by its own railways and a fleet of steamships.
The railway of the company was nationalized on October 1, 1906 under the Railway Nationalization Act. At this time the company was renamed , which continued mining until 1995 and is in business of coal importing from Russia as of 2014. | As the Railway Nationalization Act was promulgated, on October 1, 1906, the company's railway (207 miles 51 chains), rolling stock (1,940), steamship (1), personnel (3,673) and other goods and contracts were transferred to the government of Japan, in exchange of 30,997,100 yen worth of government bond. | [] | [
"Nationalization"
] | [
"Coal companies of Japan",
"Economic history of Japan",
"Defunct railway companies of Japan",
"Rail transport in Hokkaido",
"Railway companies established in 1889",
"Railway companies disestablished in 1906",
"Japanese companies established in 1889"
] |
projected-23571345-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaitanya%20Mangala | Chaitanya Mangala | Introduction | The Chaitanya Mangala () (c.16th century) of Lochana Dasa is an important hagiographical work on the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Sri Krishna Chaitanya - Chaitanya Mahaprabhu in Bengali. This work of Lochana Dasa or Lochananda Dasa is influenced by the Sanskrit Kadacha of Murari Gupta. The complete text is divided into four sections: the Sutra Khanda, the Adi Khanda, the Madhya Khanda and the Shesh Khanda. As this work was written for the purpose of singing only, it is not further sub-divided into chapters. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Bengali-language literature",
"16th-century Indian books"
] | |
projected-23571345-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaitanya%20Mangala | Chaitanya Mangala | Contents | The Chaitanya Mangala () (c.16th century) of Lochana Dasa is an important hagiographical work on the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Sri Krishna Chaitanya - Chaitanya Mahaprabhu in Bengali. This work of Lochana Dasa or Lochananda Dasa is influenced by the Sanskrit Kadacha of Murari Gupta. The complete text is divided into four sections: the Sutra Khanda, the Adi Khanda, the Madhya Khanda and the Shesh Khanda. As this work was written for the purpose of singing only, it is not further sub-divided into chapters. | The Chaitanya Mangala comprises about 11000 verses. The Sutra Khanda has around 1800 verses, the Adi Khanda has about 3300 verses, the Madhya Khanda consists nearly 4300 verses and the Shesh Khanda comprises about 1600 verses. The Sutrakhanda is a prelude to the Krishna's appearance as the Gauranga avatar in Nabadwip, which describes the events which led to this incarnation. The Adi Khanda narrates the early life of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu up to his trip to Gaya. The Madhya Khanda describes events in Mahaprabhu's later life up to his meeting with Sarvabahuma Bhattacharya. The Shesh Khanda narrates his pilgrimages to southern and northern India. Some manuscripts also consist a description of the last part of the Mahaprabhu's life till his disappearance. | [] | [
"Contents"
] | [
"Bengali-language literature",
"16th-century Indian books"
] |
projected-23571345-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaitanya%20Mangala | Chaitanya Mangala | See also | The Chaitanya Mangala () (c.16th century) of Lochana Dasa is an important hagiographical work on the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Sri Krishna Chaitanya - Chaitanya Mahaprabhu in Bengali. This work of Lochana Dasa or Lochananda Dasa is influenced by the Sanskrit Kadacha of Murari Gupta. The complete text is divided into four sections: the Sutra Khanda, the Adi Khanda, the Madhya Khanda and the Shesh Khanda. As this work was written for the purpose of singing only, it is not further sub-divided into chapters. | Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
Chaitanya Bhagavata | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Bengali-language literature",
"16th-century Indian books"
] |
projected-23571345-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaitanya%20Mangala | Chaitanya Mangala | Notes | The Chaitanya Mangala () (c.16th century) of Lochana Dasa is an important hagiographical work on the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Sri Krishna Chaitanya - Chaitanya Mahaprabhu in Bengali. This work of Lochana Dasa or Lochananda Dasa is influenced by the Sanskrit Kadacha of Murari Gupta. The complete text is divided into four sections: the Sutra Khanda, the Adi Khanda, the Madhya Khanda and the Shesh Khanda. As this work was written for the purpose of singing only, it is not further sub-divided into chapters. | Category:Bengali-language literature
Category:16th-century Indian books | [] | [
"Notes"
] | [
"Bengali-language literature",
"16th-century Indian books"
] |
projected-20463127-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leinster%20Senior%20League%20Senior%20Division | Leinster Senior League Senior Division | Introduction | The Leinster Senior League Senior Division is the top division of the Leinster Senior League. It is organized by the Leinster Football Association. Together with the Munster Senior League Senior Premier Division and the Ulster Senior League Senior Division, it forms the third level of the Republic of Ireland football league system. Formed in 1896, it is the oldest association football league in what is now the Republic of Ireland. Shelbourne have won the most titles. However, in more recent seasons Crumlin United, Cherry Orchard, Wayside Celtic and Bangor Celtic have been the divisions strongest teams. In 2014–15 Bluebell United were Leinster Senior League champions, 27 years after winning their previous title.
Clubs from this division play in the Leinster Senior Cup, the FAI Cup, the FAI Intermediate Cup and the FAI Junior Cup. In recent seasons the winners of the Senior Division have also been invited to play in the League of Ireland Cup.
From 1896–97 until 1964–65, the league was the de facto second-level league in what is now the Republic of Ireland. Initially the Irish Football League was the top level. Then for one season, 1920–21, the Leinster Senior League was briefly the top-level league. However, this status was short-lived and ended with the establishment of the League of Ireland in 1921–22. The Leinster Senior League remained a second-level league until 1964–65, when it was effectively replaced by the League of Ireland B Division. With the establishment of the A Championship in 2008, it became a fourth-level league. However, since the demise of the A Championship in 2011, it has reverted to third-level status. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Leinster Senior League Senior Division",
"Leinster Senior League (association football)",
"Third level football leagues in Europe",
"Association football leagues in the Republic of Ireland",
"Association football leagues in Leinster",
"Association football leagues in County Dublin",
"Professional sport... | |
projected-20463127-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leinster%20Senior%20League%20Senior%20Division | Leinster Senior League Senior Division | Promotion and relegation | The Leinster Senior League Senior Division is the top division of the Leinster Senior League. It is organized by the Leinster Football Association. Together with the Munster Senior League Senior Premier Division and the Ulster Senior League Senior Division, it forms the third level of the Republic of Ireland football league system. Formed in 1896, it is the oldest association football league in what is now the Republic of Ireland. Shelbourne have won the most titles. However, in more recent seasons Crumlin United, Cherry Orchard, Wayside Celtic and Bangor Celtic have been the divisions strongest teams. In 2014–15 Bluebell United were Leinster Senior League champions, 27 years after winning their previous title.
Clubs from this division play in the Leinster Senior Cup, the FAI Cup, the FAI Intermediate Cup and the FAI Junior Cup. In recent seasons the winners of the Senior Division have also been invited to play in the League of Ireland Cup.
From 1896–97 until 1964–65, the league was the de facto second-level league in what is now the Republic of Ireland. Initially the Irish Football League was the top level. Then for one season, 1920–21, the Leinster Senior League was briefly the top-level league. However, this status was short-lived and ended with the establishment of the League of Ireland in 1921–22. The Leinster Senior League remained a second-level league until 1964–65, when it was effectively replaced by the League of Ireland B Division. With the establishment of the A Championship in 2008, it became a fourth-level league. However, since the demise of the A Championship in 2011, it has reverted to third-level status. | A promotion and relegation system operates within the Leinster Senior League structure itself. However, there is no formal promotion and relegation relationship with the League of Ireland. Teams can only be "promoted" by sending an application to the FAI. In the past successful and prominent members of the Leinster Senior League have regularly been invited and/or elected to join the League of Ireland. Current League of Ireland clubs Bohemians, Shelbourne, Shamrock Rovers, Sligo Rovers, St Patrick's Athletic and Bray Wanderers are all former Leinster Senior League champions. While Bohemians and Shelbourne were founding members of the League of Ireland, Shamrock Rovers, Sligo Rovers and St Patrick's Athletic were all effectively "promoted" to the League of Ireland after winning the Leinster Senior League Senior Division title. Incidentally both Rovers and St Pats won successive Leinster Senior League and League of Ireland titles in 1921-22 and 1922-23 and 1950–51 and 1951–52 respectively.
Current League of Ireland clubs Athlone Town, Dundalk, Longford Town, UCD and Cabinteely are also former members of the Leinster Senior League
Former League of Ireland clubs Drumcondra, Dolphins, Reds United and St James's Gate have all been Leinster Senior League champions who were then "promoted" or elected to the League of Ireland.
Shelbourne United, Brideville, Bray Unknowns, Transport, Bray Wanderers, Home Farm and St Francis are all former Leinster Senior League champions who were elected to the League of Ireland several seasons after winning the Leinster title.
Jacobs, Brideville, Transport and St James's Gate all dropped out of the League of Ireland to play in the Leinster Senior League. All four subsequently won the Senior Division. Brideville and Gate both later rejoined the League of Ireland. | [] | [
"Promotion and relegation"
] | [
"Leinster Senior League Senior Division",
"Leinster Senior League (association football)",
"Third level football leagues in Europe",
"Association football leagues in the Republic of Ireland",
"Association football leagues in Leinster",
"Association football leagues in County Dublin",
"Professional sport... |
projected-20463127-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leinster%20Senior%20League%20Senior%20Division | Leinster Senior League Senior Division | Reserve Teams | The Leinster Senior League Senior Division is the top division of the Leinster Senior League. It is organized by the Leinster Football Association. Together with the Munster Senior League Senior Premier Division and the Ulster Senior League Senior Division, it forms the third level of the Republic of Ireland football league system. Formed in 1896, it is the oldest association football league in what is now the Republic of Ireland. Shelbourne have won the most titles. However, in more recent seasons Crumlin United, Cherry Orchard, Wayside Celtic and Bangor Celtic have been the divisions strongest teams. In 2014–15 Bluebell United were Leinster Senior League champions, 27 years after winning their previous title.
Clubs from this division play in the Leinster Senior Cup, the FAI Cup, the FAI Intermediate Cup and the FAI Junior Cup. In recent seasons the winners of the Senior Division have also been invited to play in the League of Ireland Cup.
From 1896–97 until 1964–65, the league was the de facto second-level league in what is now the Republic of Ireland. Initially the Irish Football League was the top level. Then for one season, 1920–21, the Leinster Senior League was briefly the top-level league. However, this status was short-lived and ended with the establishment of the League of Ireland in 1921–22. The Leinster Senior League remained a second-level league until 1964–65, when it was effectively replaced by the League of Ireland B Division. With the establishment of the A Championship in 2008, it became a fourth-level league. However, since the demise of the A Championship in 2011, it has reverted to third-level status. | Throughout its history the Leinster Senior League Senior Division has regularly featured the reserve teams of League of Ireland teams. The reserve teams of Shelbourne, Bohemians, Shamrock Rovers, St Patrick's Athletic, Brideville, Drumcondra and Dolphins have all been Senior Division champions in their own right. The reserve teams of Cabinteely and UCD currently play in the lower levels of the Leinster Senior League. | [] | [
"Reserve Teams"
] | [
"Leinster Senior League Senior Division",
"Leinster Senior League (association football)",
"Third level football leagues in Europe",
"Association football leagues in the Republic of Ireland",
"Association football leagues in Leinster",
"Association football leagues in County Dublin",
"Professional sport... |
projected-20463127-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leinster%20Senior%20League%20Senior%20Division | Leinster Senior League Senior Division | Foundation | The Leinster Senior League Senior Division is the top division of the Leinster Senior League. It is organized by the Leinster Football Association. Together with the Munster Senior League Senior Premier Division and the Ulster Senior League Senior Division, it forms the third level of the Republic of Ireland football league system. Formed in 1896, it is the oldest association football league in what is now the Republic of Ireland. Shelbourne have won the most titles. However, in more recent seasons Crumlin United, Cherry Orchard, Wayside Celtic and Bangor Celtic have been the divisions strongest teams. In 2014–15 Bluebell United were Leinster Senior League champions, 27 years after winning their previous title.
Clubs from this division play in the Leinster Senior Cup, the FAI Cup, the FAI Intermediate Cup and the FAI Junior Cup. In recent seasons the winners of the Senior Division have also been invited to play in the League of Ireland Cup.
From 1896–97 until 1964–65, the league was the de facto second-level league in what is now the Republic of Ireland. Initially the Irish Football League was the top level. Then for one season, 1920–21, the Leinster Senior League was briefly the top-level league. However, this status was short-lived and ended with the establishment of the League of Ireland in 1921–22. The Leinster Senior League remained a second-level league until 1964–65, when it was effectively replaced by the League of Ireland B Division. With the establishment of the A Championship in 2008, it became a fourth-level league. However, since the demise of the A Championship in 2011, it has reverted to third-level status. | Within a few seasons of the Leinster Football Association been formed in 1892, the Leinster Senior League was established. Ciarán Priestley highlights a printed notice in the 4 September 1894 edition of The Irish Times. Under the headline "Leinster Football League" there is a report of "a general meeting of the league... held the other evening at 27 D'Olier Street". Priestley also lists Bohemians, Britannia, Dublin University, Leinster Nomads, Phoenix and Montpelier as participants in the first season. The Leinster Senior League website states it was established in 1896. However other sources suggest the league started a little later and was first played for in 1897–98 and that an unidentified British Army regimental team where the inaugural winners while Shelbourne were runners up. | [] | [
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projected-20463127-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leinster%20Senior%20League%20Senior%20Division | Leinster Senior League Senior Division | Bohemians and Shelbourne era | The Leinster Senior League Senior Division is the top division of the Leinster Senior League. It is organized by the Leinster Football Association. Together with the Munster Senior League Senior Premier Division and the Ulster Senior League Senior Division, it forms the third level of the Republic of Ireland football league system. Formed in 1896, it is the oldest association football league in what is now the Republic of Ireland. Shelbourne have won the most titles. However, in more recent seasons Crumlin United, Cherry Orchard, Wayside Celtic and Bangor Celtic have been the divisions strongest teams. In 2014–15 Bluebell United were Leinster Senior League champions, 27 years after winning their previous title.
Clubs from this division play in the Leinster Senior Cup, the FAI Cup, the FAI Intermediate Cup and the FAI Junior Cup. In recent seasons the winners of the Senior Division have also been invited to play in the League of Ireland Cup.
From 1896–97 until 1964–65, the league was the de facto second-level league in what is now the Republic of Ireland. Initially the Irish Football League was the top level. Then for one season, 1920–21, the Leinster Senior League was briefly the top-level league. However, this status was short-lived and ended with the establishment of the League of Ireland in 1921–22. The Leinster Senior League remained a second-level league until 1964–65, when it was effectively replaced by the League of Ireland B Division. With the establishment of the A Championship in 2008, it became a fourth-level league. However, since the demise of the A Championship in 2011, it has reverted to third-level status. | Up until the 1920s the league was dominated by Bohemians and Shelbourne. These two clubs still remain the league's two most successful teams based on titles they won in this era. Even when Bohemians and Shelbourne joined the Irish Football League in 1902 and 1904 respectively, their reserve teams continued to win titles regularly. Initially only St James's Gate and British Army regimental teams challenged the Bohemians/Shelbourne duopoly. During the First World War the Irish Football League was suspended and the senior teams of both Bohemians and Shelbourne rejoined the Leinster Senior League. Meanwhile, their northern counterparts competed in the Belfast & District League. The 1919–20 saw a return to an all-Ireland
league. However further disruption caused by the Irish War of Independence meant this was short-lived and at the end of this season Bohemians and Shelbourne withdrew from the Irish Football League permanently. They subsequently rejoined the Leinster Senior League and for the 1920–21 season. The league now briefly became the top level league in what is now the Republic of Ireland. 1920–21 also saw Shelbourne United emerge as champions, becoming only the fourth civilian team to win the title. | [] | [
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projected-20463127-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leinster%20Senior%20League%20Senior%20Division | Leinster Senior League Senior Division | 1920s | The Leinster Senior League Senior Division is the top division of the Leinster Senior League. It is organized by the Leinster Football Association. Together with the Munster Senior League Senior Premier Division and the Ulster Senior League Senior Division, it forms the third level of the Republic of Ireland football league system. Formed in 1896, it is the oldest association football league in what is now the Republic of Ireland. Shelbourne have won the most titles. However, in more recent seasons Crumlin United, Cherry Orchard, Wayside Celtic and Bangor Celtic have been the divisions strongest teams. In 2014–15 Bluebell United were Leinster Senior League champions, 27 years after winning their previous title.
Clubs from this division play in the Leinster Senior Cup, the FAI Cup, the FAI Intermediate Cup and the FAI Junior Cup. In recent seasons the winners of the Senior Division have also been invited to play in the League of Ireland Cup.
From 1896–97 until 1964–65, the league was the de facto second-level league in what is now the Republic of Ireland. Initially the Irish Football League was the top level. Then for one season, 1920–21, the Leinster Senior League was briefly the top-level league. However, this status was short-lived and ended with the establishment of the League of Ireland in 1921–22. The Leinster Senior League remained a second-level league until 1964–65, when it was effectively replaced by the League of Ireland B Division. With the establishment of the A Championship in 2008, it became a fourth-level league. However, since the demise of the A Championship in 2011, it has reverted to third-level status. | The 1921–22 season saw the establishment of the League of Ireland and this had a considerable impact on the Leinster Senior League. All eight founding League of Ireland members – Shelbourne, Bohemians, St James's Gate, Jacobs, Olympia, Dublin United, Frankfort and YMCA – had all spent the previous season playing in the Leinster Senior League. The emergence of the League of Ireland thus created a number of vacancies in the Senior Division and among the clubs who filled them were Shamrock Rovers. For the 1921–22 season Rovers were joined in the Senior Division by Bohemians B, St James's Gate B, Bray Unknowns, Midland Athletic, Pioneers, Brooklyn, Shelbourne United, Merrion, Glasnevin, CYMS and Richmond. With a team that included John Joe Flood, William Glen, Bob Fullam and Dinny Doyle, Rovers won the Senior Division and reached the 1921–22 FAI Cup final. The 1922–23 season saw the League of Ireland expand to twelve teams. After Frankfort and YMCA dropped out, six new teams – Shamrock Rovers, Midland Athletic, Pioneers, Shelbourne United, Athlone Town and Rathmines Athletic – were invited to join. Once again the Leinster Senior League provided most of the League of Ireland's newest members. Further vacancies in the Senior Division were now created and among the clubs who subsequently filled them were Brideville, Dolphins, Dundalk and Drumcondra. Like Shelbourne United and Shamrock Rovers before them, Bray Unknowns, Brideville, Drumcondra and Dolphins all won the Leinster Senior League title and were then invited to join the League of Ireland. Brooklyn were also elected to the League of Ireland for the 1923–24 season. Dundalk joined the Leinster Senior League in 1922–23. They were runners up in 1923–24 and then finished third in 1925–26 before making their League of Ireland debut in 1926–27. While playing in Leinster Senior League, Drumcondra also won an FAI Intermediate Cup / FAI Cup double in 1926–27. | [] | [
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projected-20463127-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leinster%20Senior%20League%20Senior%20Division | Leinster Senior League Senior Division | 1930s | The Leinster Senior League Senior Division is the top division of the Leinster Senior League. It is organized by the Leinster Football Association. Together with the Munster Senior League Senior Premier Division and the Ulster Senior League Senior Division, it forms the third level of the Republic of Ireland football league system. Formed in 1896, it is the oldest association football league in what is now the Republic of Ireland. Shelbourne have won the most titles. However, in more recent seasons Crumlin United, Cherry Orchard, Wayside Celtic and Bangor Celtic have been the divisions strongest teams. In 2014–15 Bluebell United were Leinster Senior League champions, 27 years after winning their previous title.
Clubs from this division play in the Leinster Senior Cup, the FAI Cup, the FAI Intermediate Cup and the FAI Junior Cup. In recent seasons the winners of the Senior Division have also been invited to play in the League of Ireland Cup.
From 1896–97 until 1964–65, the league was the de facto second-level league in what is now the Republic of Ireland. Initially the Irish Football League was the top level. Then for one season, 1920–21, the Leinster Senior League was briefly the top-level league. However, this status was short-lived and ended with the establishment of the League of Ireland in 1921–22. The Leinster Senior League remained a second-level league until 1964–65, when it was effectively replaced by the League of Ireland B Division. With the establishment of the A Championship in 2008, it became a fourth-level league. However, since the demise of the A Championship in 2011, it has reverted to third-level status. | During the 1930s three more Leinster Senior League champions made the step up to the League of Ireland. These included Sligo Rovers, Brideville and Reds United. At the end of the 1931–32 League of Ireland season Brideville dropped out. However 1932–33 saw them win their second Leinster Senior League title. 1932–33 also Sligo Rovers join the Leinster Senior League. In their first season they finished third. During the season they had twice beaten the champions Brideville and also defeated Bohemians B. In 1933–34 Sligo Rovers achieved a treble, winning the Leinster Senior League, the FAI Intermediate Cup and the LFA Metropolitan Cup. On the back of this success, they joined the League of Ireland for the 1934–35 season. The following season, 1935–36 saw Brideville return to the League of Ireland along with the 1934–35 Leinster Senior League champions, Reds United. During the late 1930s and 1940s the Leinster Senior League's most successful team was Distillery. They won the title five times during period. However unlike some of their contemporaries, Distillery never moved up the League of Ireland. | [] | [
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"Professional sport... |
projected-20463127-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leinster%20Senior%20League%20Senior%20Division | Leinster Senior League Senior Division | St Patrick's Athletic era | The Leinster Senior League Senior Division is the top division of the Leinster Senior League. It is organized by the Leinster Football Association. Together with the Munster Senior League Senior Premier Division and the Ulster Senior League Senior Division, it forms the third level of the Republic of Ireland football league system. Formed in 1896, it is the oldest association football league in what is now the Republic of Ireland. Shelbourne have won the most titles. However, in more recent seasons Crumlin United, Cherry Orchard, Wayside Celtic and Bangor Celtic have been the divisions strongest teams. In 2014–15 Bluebell United were Leinster Senior League champions, 27 years after winning their previous title.
Clubs from this division play in the Leinster Senior Cup, the FAI Cup, the FAI Intermediate Cup and the FAI Junior Cup. In recent seasons the winners of the Senior Division have also been invited to play in the League of Ireland Cup.
From 1896–97 until 1964–65, the league was the de facto second-level league in what is now the Republic of Ireland. Initially the Irish Football League was the top level. Then for one season, 1920–21, the Leinster Senior League was briefly the top-level league. However, this status was short-lived and ended with the establishment of the League of Ireland in 1921–22. The Leinster Senior League remained a second-level league until 1964–65, when it was effectively replaced by the League of Ireland B Division. With the establishment of the A Championship in 2008, it became a fourth-level league. However, since the demise of the A Championship in 2011, it has reverted to third-level status. | During the late 1940s and 1950s the strongest team in the Leinster Senior League was St Patrick's Athletic. During this period they won the league title on six occasions. This included four successive titles between 1947–48 and 1950–51. In 1947–48 St Pat's completed a treble after also winning both the FAI Intermediate Cup and Leinster Senior Cup. The 1948–49 season would see St Pat's win a Leinster Senior League / FAI Intermediate Cup. In 1950–51 a young Shay Gibbons helped St Pat's win the Leinster Senior League title for a fourth time. St Pat's were subsequently invited to join the 1951–52 League of Ireland and went on to win their first League of Ireland title at their first attempt. With St Pat's first team now in the League of Ireland, their reserve team won two further Leinster Senior League titles in 1955–56 and 1956–57. | [] | [
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"St Patrick's Athletic era"
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"Leinster Senior League (association football)",
"Third level football leagues in Europe",
"Association football leagues in the Republic of Ireland",
"Association football leagues in Leinster",
"Association football leagues in County Dublin",
"Professional sport... |
projected-20463127-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leinster%20Senior%20League%20Senior%20Division | Leinster Senior League Senior Division | List of winners by club | The Leinster Senior League Senior Division is the top division of the Leinster Senior League. It is organized by the Leinster Football Association. Together with the Munster Senior League Senior Premier Division and the Ulster Senior League Senior Division, it forms the third level of the Republic of Ireland football league system. Formed in 1896, it is the oldest association football league in what is now the Republic of Ireland. Shelbourne have won the most titles. However, in more recent seasons Crumlin United, Cherry Orchard, Wayside Celtic and Bangor Celtic have been the divisions strongest teams. In 2014–15 Bluebell United were Leinster Senior League champions, 27 years after winning their previous title.
Clubs from this division play in the Leinster Senior Cup, the FAI Cup, the FAI Intermediate Cup and the FAI Junior Cup. In recent seasons the winners of the Senior Division have also been invited to play in the League of Ireland Cup.
From 1896–97 until 1964–65, the league was the de facto second-level league in what is now the Republic of Ireland. Initially the Irish Football League was the top level. Then for one season, 1920–21, the Leinster Senior League was briefly the top-level league. However, this status was short-lived and ended with the establishment of the League of Ireland in 1921–22. The Leinster Senior League remained a second-level league until 1964–65, when it was effectively replaced by the League of Ireland B Division. With the establishment of the A Championship in 2008, it became a fourth-level league. However, since the demise of the A Championship in 2011, it has reverted to third-level status. | Brackets indicate a victory for the club's reserve team. | [] | [
"List of winners by club"
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"Leinster Senior League Senior Division",
"Leinster Senior League (association football)",
"Third level football leagues in Europe",
"Association football leagues in the Republic of Ireland",
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"Association football leagues in County Dublin",
"Professional sport... |
projected-20463127-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leinster%20Senior%20League%20Senior%20Division | Leinster Senior League Senior Division | References | The Leinster Senior League Senior Division is the top division of the Leinster Senior League. It is organized by the Leinster Football Association. Together with the Munster Senior League Senior Premier Division and the Ulster Senior League Senior Division, it forms the third level of the Republic of Ireland football league system. Formed in 1896, it is the oldest association football league in what is now the Republic of Ireland. Shelbourne have won the most titles. However, in more recent seasons Crumlin United, Cherry Orchard, Wayside Celtic and Bangor Celtic have been the divisions strongest teams. In 2014–15 Bluebell United were Leinster Senior League champions, 27 years after winning their previous title.
Clubs from this division play in the Leinster Senior Cup, the FAI Cup, the FAI Intermediate Cup and the FAI Junior Cup. In recent seasons the winners of the Senior Division have also been invited to play in the League of Ireland Cup.
From 1896–97 until 1964–65, the league was the de facto second-level league in what is now the Republic of Ireland. Initially the Irish Football League was the top level. Then for one season, 1920–21, the Leinster Senior League was briefly the top-level league. However, this status was short-lived and ended with the establishment of the League of Ireland in 1921–22. The Leinster Senior League remained a second-level league until 1964–65, when it was effectively replaced by the League of Ireland B Division. With the establishment of the A Championship in 2008, it became a fourth-level league. However, since the demise of the A Championship in 2011, it has reverted to third-level status. | !
Ireland
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Category:Professional sports leagues in Ireland | [] | [
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"Association football leagues in the Republic of Ireland",
"Association football leagues in Leinster",
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"Professional sport... |
projected-17326559-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontline%20%28The%20Bill%29 | Frontline (The Bill) | Introduction | "Frontline" was a three-part storyline in the long-running police procedural British television series The Bill. Broadcast in 2008, the storyline is significant in the show's history as it was the final plot to feature the death of an on-screen character, PC Emma Keane, which came in the first part of the plot. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"The Bill episodes"
] | |
projected-17326559-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontline%20%28The%20Bill%29 | Frontline (The Bill) | Prelude | "Frontline" was a three-part storyline in the long-running police procedural British television series The Bill. Broadcast in 2008, the storyline is significant in the show's history as it was the final plot to feature the death of an on-screen character, PC Emma Keane, which came in the first part of the plot. | Unlike storylines during the serialized era of 2002-2005, the Frontline plot did not have multiple, long-running plots in the buildup. However, one ongoing storyline was that of the posse run by Sergeant Callum Stone. While Stone was not borderline corrupt, he used certain methods that were not legal. He was seen as a maverick when he arrived, but one of his biggest secrets came weeks after his arrival in the autumn of 2007; Stone was part of a uniform search for a missing girl, Chloe Parks, but it came to a tragic end when she was found dead at the bottom of a fire escape at a disused hospital. Stone let things get personal when footage emerged of the girl several years earlier stating she was sexually abused by her father Martin (Chris Walker). When he failed to confess in the interview, PC Will Fletcher, Family Liaison Officer for the Parks family in the case of Chloe's death, went after him when he assaulted his wife. Finding Martin atop the fire escape where Chloe committed suicide, Stone forces Fletcher off the negotiation before goading Martin into jumping. Fletcher was mortified, but Stone callously told him "What goes around, comes around". After initial harsh feelings between the two, Fletcher sought Stone's help in the spring of 2008 when PC Sally Armstrong demanded justice for a suspected rapist who attacked the sister of one of Armstrong's friends. Reminding Stone of his "alternative methods", Fletcher got him on his side, and after the man gave evidence against a suspected drug dealer, Stone joined the arrest team before telling the suspect who was responsible for calling the cops. Taking Fletcher, Armstrong, and PC Benjamin Gayle to the home of the suspected rapist, they lay in wait until a group of thugs burst in and savagely assaulted him, responding to the callout and arresting the men responsible. Happy with their alternative justice, the four officers formed a posse. A few weeks later, Armstrong was paired with PC Emma Keane when a burglar was seriously assaulted during a home invasion. Dejected that the victims may end up being prosecuted for defending their home, Armstrong took Keane to Stone to ask if there were any alternatives. Stone was furious that Armstrong asked Keane to get involved, as her father was a DCI at the DPS. Keane, however, thought Stone was harboring a crush on her and began undermining him. After forcing her way onto an undercover operation, Stone laid down the law as she put herself in danger, attempting to kiss him before pulling out as he was drawn in, stating that her suspicions about him fancying her were confirmed. | [] | [
"Prelude"
] | [
"The Bill episodes"
] |
projected-17326559-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontline%20%28The%20Bill%29 | Frontline (The Bill) | Part 1: Shockwave | "Frontline" was a three-part storyline in the long-running police procedural British television series The Bill. Broadcast in 2008, the storyline is significant in the show's history as it was the final plot to feature the death of an on-screen character, PC Emma Keane, which came in the first part of the plot. | The events of Shockwave take place the day after the undercover operation, Armstrong notices Keane tease Stone as he told her to be careful whilst out on patrol. As Armstrong tried to get Keane to talk about their interaction, an explosion is heard nearby, turning onto a street to witness a second blast take out a street market. As they tended to the casualties, Armstrong called in for assistance. During the rescue efforts, Keane found a man masquerading as a doctor who sexually assaulted a woman trapped in a car during the blast. Keane was then assaulted during her attempts to arrest the man, leaving Stone determined to track the man down, who also gave false medical advice to a victim who was rushed into the hospital unconscious as a result. The relief was left in shock by the events, drawing similarities to the 7/7 attacks 3 years earlier. As the day progressed, Armstrong and Keane paired to track down the phony doctor but ended up arguing when Keane pressed for details on Stone's posse. Splitting up, they found the man and apprehended him, although Stone arrived to witness him assault Keane once again. As they argued about the legality of Stone's actions, Keane accused him of being corrupt and stormed off. Whilst patrolling, Keane discovered smoke pouring from a building and started an evacuation. As she evacuated, DCI Jack Meadows called her to inform her that SO15 (Counter-Terrorism) revealed the bombs that detonated were fertilizer-based. As backup rushed to her aid, Keane came across a man with a suspicious package. As her colleagues closed in, the bomb detonated, finding Keane seriously injured. As Stone battled in vain to save her life, her devastated colleagues watched on as Keane succumbed to her injuries. | [] | [
"Synopsis",
"Part 1: Shockwave"
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"The Bill episodes"
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projected-17326559-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontline%20%28The%20Bill%29 | Frontline (The Bill) | Part 2: Aftershock | "Frontline" was a three-part storyline in the long-running police procedural British television series The Bill. Broadcast in 2008, the storyline is significant in the show's history as it was the final plot to feature the death of an on-screen character, PC Emma Keane, which came in the first part of the plot. | The events of Aftershock take place the morning after Keane's death. The uniform relief is in shock, none more so than Sergeant Stone and PC Armstrong. Superintendent John Heaton introduces DI Karen Lacy (Liz May Brice) of SO15 to DCI Meadows and the rest of CID, who has been tasked with investigating what was a total of 8 deaths between the first two bombings and the third that killed Keane. The first clue comes in the form of a letter delivered to the station "To the friends and colleagues of PC Keane, wrong place, wrong time". The second was James Marfield (Henry Miller), a friend of the first victim, Michael Gilcrest, whose nightclub was blown up by the first of the two bombs. Discovering a link to a pornography site, it was revealed that Gilcrest had links to the owner of the photocopy shop that was a target of the second bombing. DC Mickey Webb investigated the owner of the business blown up where Keane died, Jeff Bowman (Mark Moraghan), and later discovered he was linked to right-wing extremism, despite his business being an immigration charity, found via a clue from the bomber captioned "Lesson Two: Fascist in Hiding". A note to victim Gilcrist was traced to an internet café, and a suspect was soon arrested, however, Sergeant Stone had to stop an emotional PC Armstrong from attacking the man; later in the day, Stone's own aggressions came to the fore when he tried attacking Sergeant Dale Smith for suggesting he was attracted to Keane. The man arrested was paranoid and twitchy, refusing to comment, and a new clue emerged with a letter pointing them in direction of a delivery made to their suspect's neighbor. However, the house was empty, but they soon realized they had been ambushed when DC Kezia Walker stood on a pressure pad that triggered a bomb. As the bomb squad attended to defuse the device, they discovered the device was meant to frame their man in custody, now revealed to be convicted identity thief Carl Adams (Mark Bagnall). When DC Grace Dasari linked a repeated clue, "The Elvis Four", she realized it was an anagram of the four evils, a belief of the four worst things made more prevalent by the internet (pornography, racism, identity theft, and pedophilia). Realizing 3 of the 4 had been targeted, the investigating officers concluded that the bomber had one more attack planned. | [] | [
"Synopsis",
"Part 2: Aftershock"
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"The Bill episodes"
] |
projected-17326559-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontline%20%28The%20Bill%29 | Frontline (The Bill) | Part 3: End Game | "Frontline" was a three-part storyline in the long-running police procedural British television series The Bill. Broadcast in 2008, the storyline is significant in the show's history as it was the final plot to feature the death of an on-screen character, PC Emma Keane, which came in the first part of the plot. | The events of End Game take place a week after Keane's death. With the criminal's ideals identified, DC Dasari invited bomb targets Jeff Bowman and Carl Adams to the station to be questioned about their links, along with Michael Gilcrest's friend James Marfield. Out on the streets, PCs Fletcher, Gayle, and Armstrong attended a break-in at an industrial unit, and when Fletcher tried calling the person who made the report, he unintentionally set off a flour bomb that left Armstrong shaken but unharmed. A memory stick found at the scene was used to tell the investigating team they had four hours to find a bomb before a sex offender would be blown up. Stone, back at work after his attack on Smithy, joined his posse as they investigated a software company that was linked to Bowman and Marfield. A name came from their searches, Colin Moore, and Smithy paired with DC Webb to put surveillance on his brother Bill. As he was arrested, Webb identified Colin Moore as James Marfield, making DCI Meadows realize the prime suspect was under their noses all along. With Colin already gone from the station, the need to find him heightened. The Child Exploitation and Online Protection division sent a list to Sun Hill, which they cross-referenced with Colin Moore's clients, and they discovered the name Peter Waverley on both lists. As his home and business were searched, Bill Moore revealed Colin searched pedophilia online to ensnare sex offenders, but Bill's wife caught him and assumed the wrong thing, and that the last bomb was personal. Waverley revealed his wife had the package and was heading to collect their children from school. Stone ducked out of Keane's funeral to find Mrs. Waverley, and as he and Webb found her car, they worked to rescue her baby from the back seat. As Meadows and Dasari found Colin, they tried to talk him down, but he set the bomb off anyway, however, Stone was able to rescue the baby before Mrs. Waverley's car exploded. Stone then attended Keane's funeral, telling her friends, family, and colleagues that her killer had been brought to justice. | [] | [
"Synopsis",
"Part 3: End Game"
] | [
"The Bill episodes"
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projected-17326559-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontline%20%28The%20Bill%29 | Frontline (The Bill) | Aftermath | "Frontline" was a three-part storyline in the long-running police procedural British television series The Bill. Broadcast in 2008, the storyline is significant in the show's history as it was the final plot to feature the death of an on-screen character, PC Emma Keane, which came in the first part of the plot. | The aftermath of the events lead to two character exits, one immediately after and the other later in the year. PC Reg Hollis was mentioned to have resigned in Lucky Lucky Lucky, the episode that came after Frontline: End Game. Actor Jeff Stewart was due to be written out in 2008 after controversially being axed by show producers, but Stewart was so devastated at losing a role he'd been in for 24 years that he attempted suicide by slitting his wrists on set. While Stewart's last on-screen scene came weeks earlier, his exit was explained away by a decision to resign in the wake of Keane's death. The other exit was that of Inspector Gina Gold; having been a hard-as-nails, iron-fisted manager during her time on the show, the character of Gold began to crumble under pressure out of fear of losing another officer, having been close friends with Keane. This came to light in the episode Lifesaver, in which Sgt. Stone and PC Armstrong rescued a suicidal woman from her car that had crashed into the River Thames, and again in the episode Demolition Girl when Armstrong is almost crushed by the debris of an imploding tower block tried to stop a woman running back into the building. In An Honour to Serve- Part 2, Gold was mortified to think Sergeant Dale Smith, her best friend, was killed in an armed siege. After Smithy was rescued by SO19 to end the siege, Gold handed in her resignation and retired. | [] | [
"Aftermath"
] | [
"The Bill episodes"
] |
projected-17326559-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontline%20%28The%20Bill%29 | Frontline (The Bill) | Cast | "Frontline" was a three-part storyline in the long-running police procedural British television series The Bill. Broadcast in 2008, the storyline is significant in the show's history as it was the final plot to feature the death of an on-screen character, PC Emma Keane, which came in the first part of the plot. | Supt. John Heaton - Daniel Flynn
DCI Jack Meadows - Simon Rouse
Insp. Gina Gold - Roberta Taylor
DI Karen Lacy - Liz May Brice
DI Samantha Nixon - Lisa Maxwell
Sgt. Callum Stone - Sam Callis
Sgt. Dale Smith - Alex Walkinshaw
PC Emma Keane - Melanie Gutteridge
PC Sally Armstrong - Ali Bastian
PC Will Fletcher - Gary Lucy
PC Benjamin Gayle - Micah Balfour
DC Kezia Walker - Cat Simmons
DC Mickey Webb - Chris Simmons
DC Grace Dasari - Amita Dhiri
Colin Moore - Henry Miller
Jeff Bowman - Mark Moraghan
Carl Adams - Mark Bagnall | [] | [
"Cast"
] | [
"The Bill episodes"
] |
projected-17326559-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontline%20%28The%20Bill%29 | Frontline (The Bill) | References | "Frontline" was a three-part storyline in the long-running police procedural British television series The Bill. Broadcast in 2008, the storyline is significant in the show's history as it was the final plot to feature the death of an on-screen character, PC Emma Keane, which came in the first part of the plot. | Category:The Bill episodes | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"The Bill episodes"
] |
projected-17326562-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibson | Sibson | Introduction | Sibson may refer to: | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [] | |
projected-17326562-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibson | Sibson | Places | Sibson may refer to: | Sibson, Cambridgeshire
Sibson, Leicestershire
Peterborough/Sibson Airport, also known as Sibson aerodrome, near Peterborough, Cambridgeshire | [] | [
"Places"
] | [] |
projected-17326562-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibson | Sibson | People | Sibson may refer to: | Gareth Sibson (born 1977), British writer, broadcaster and lawyer
Harry Sibson (1919–2010)
Francis Sibson (1814–1876), British physician and anatomist
John Sibson (1930–2014), Australian politician
Richard B. Sibson (1911–1994), New Zealand ornithologist
Richard H. Sibson (born 1945), New Zealand geologist
Robin Sibson (1944–2017), British mathematician and educator
Tony Sibson (born 1958), British professional boxer
Ray Sibson (1951–Date),English | [] | [
"People"
] | [] |
projected-17326562-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibson | Sibson | Anatomy | Sibson may refer to: | Sibson's aortic vestibule, the aortic vestibule
Sibson's fascia, the suprapleural membrane
Sibson's aponeurosis, the suprapleural membrane
Sibson's groove, formed by the prominent lower border of the pectoralis major muscle
Sibson's muscle, the scalenus minimus muscle | [] | [
"Anatomy"
] | [] |
projected-20463133-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%20PapaJohns.com%20Bowl | 2008 PapaJohns.com Bowl | Introduction | The 2008 PapaJohns.com Bowl was the third edition of the college football bowl game, and was played at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. The game was played starting at 2 PM US CST on Monday, December 29, 2008. The game, telecast on ESPN, pitted the Rutgers Scarlet Knights against the North Carolina State Wolfpack.
The game marked the first ever meeting of the two universities' football programs. NC State led 17-6 at halftime, but crumbled in the second half after losing starting quarterback Russell Wilson to a knee injury. Rutgers won, 29-23.
This was also the first edition of the bowl game not to feature any current or former members of Conference USA. The selection of NC State did have a connection to past bowl games in Birmingham as the Wolfpack had competed in the last All-American Bowl, which was also held at Legion Field in 1990. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"2008–09 NCAA football bowl games",
"Birmingham Bowl",
"NC State Wolfpack football bowl games",
"Rutgers Scarlet Knights football bowl games",
"2008 in sports in Alabama"
] | |
projected-20463133-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%20PapaJohns.com%20Bowl | 2008 PapaJohns.com Bowl | References | The 2008 PapaJohns.com Bowl was the third edition of the college football bowl game, and was played at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. The game was played starting at 2 PM US CST on Monday, December 29, 2008. The game, telecast on ESPN, pitted the Rutgers Scarlet Knights against the North Carolina State Wolfpack.
The game marked the first ever meeting of the two universities' football programs. NC State led 17-6 at halftime, but crumbled in the second half after losing starting quarterback Russell Wilson to a knee injury. Rutgers won, 29-23.
This was also the first edition of the bowl game not to feature any current or former members of Conference USA. The selection of NC State did have a connection to past bowl games in Birmingham as the Wolfpack had competed in the last All-American Bowl, which was also held at Legion Field in 1990. | PapaJohns.com Bowl
Category:Birmingham Bowl
Category:NC State Wolfpack football bowl games
Category:Rutgers Scarlet Knights football bowl games
PapaJohns.com Bowl | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"2008–09 NCAA football bowl games",
"Birmingham Bowl",
"NC State Wolfpack football bowl games",
"Rutgers Scarlet Knights football bowl games",
"2008 in sports in Alabama"
] |
projected-23571375-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Winton | Alan Winton | Introduction | Alan Peter Winton (born 4 September 1958) is the Bishop of Thetford in the Church of England Diocese of Norwich. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1958 births",
"Alumni of the University of Sheffield",
"21st-century Church of England bishops",
"Bishops of Thetford",
"Living people",
"Alumni of Lincoln Theological College"
] | |
projected-23571375-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Winton | Alan Winton | Education and family | Alan Peter Winton (born 4 September 1958) is the Bishop of Thetford in the Church of England Diocese of Norwich. | Winton was educated at Sheffield University, whence he was awarded his Bachelor of Arts (BA Hons) honours degree in Biblical Studies in 1983. He then studied for and received his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) from that university in 1987, then trained for the ministry at Lincoln Theological College. Winton married in 1982, and they have two children; his wife is also a priest. | [] | [
"Education and family"
] | [
"1958 births",
"Alumni of the University of Sheffield",
"21st-century Church of England bishops",
"Bishops of Thetford",
"Living people",
"Alumni of Lincoln Theological College"
] |
projected-23571375-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Winton | Alan Winton | Ministerial career | Alan Peter Winton (born 4 September 1958) is the Bishop of Thetford in the Church of England Diocese of Norwich. | Winton was made a deacon at Petertide 1991 (29 June), by Jim Thompson, Bishop of Stepney, at St Paul's Cathedral, and ordained a priest the Petertide following (29 June 1992), by Brian Masters, Bishop of Edmonton, at All Hallows, Gospel Oak; his first (title) post was as assistant curate (1991–1995) of Christ Church Southgate, London. His first post of responsibility was priest in charge of St Paul's Walden with Preston, Hertfordshire (1995–1999), during which time he was simultaneously Continuing Ministerial Education (CME) Officer for that diocese. Finally (before his appointment to the episcopate) he served in Welwyn, first as Rector (1999–2005) of St Mary the Virgin, Welwyn, and of St Michael, Welwyn, with St Peter, Ayot St Peter; then as Team Rector (2005–2009) of the new Welwyn Team Ministry. During the latter part of that appointment, from 2007, he was also an honorary canon of St Albans Abbey.
In 2009, he was appointed to become Bishop of Thetford, one of the two suffragan bishops in the Diocese of Norwich. He was consecrated as bishop by Rowan Williams, Archbishop of Canterbury, on 29 September 2009 (Michaelmas), at St Paul's Cathedral. | [] | [
"Ministerial career"
] | [
"1958 births",
"Alumni of the University of Sheffield",
"21st-century Church of England bishops",
"Bishops of Thetford",
"Living people",
"Alumni of Lincoln Theological College"
] |
projected-23571375-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Winton | Alan Winton | Styles | Alan Peter Winton (born 4 September 1958) is the Bishop of Thetford in the Church of England Diocese of Norwich. | The Reverend Doctor Alan Winton (1991–2007)
The Reverend Canon Doctor Alan Winton (2007–2009)
The Right Reverend Doctor Alan Winton (2009–present) | [] | [
"Styles"
] | [
"1958 births",
"Alumni of the University of Sheffield",
"21st-century Church of England bishops",
"Bishops of Thetford",
"Living people",
"Alumni of Lincoln Theological College"
] |
projected-23571375-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Winton | Alan Winton | References | Alan Peter Winton (born 4 September 1958) is the Bishop of Thetford in the Church of England Diocese of Norwich. | Category:1958 births
Category:Alumni of the University of Sheffield
Category:21st-century Church of England bishops
Category:Bishops of Thetford
Category:Living people
Category:Alumni of Lincoln Theological College | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"1958 births",
"Alumni of the University of Sheffield",
"21st-century Church of England bishops",
"Bishops of Thetford",
"Living people",
"Alumni of Lincoln Theological College"
] |
projected-20463137-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shonel%20Ferguson | Shonel Ferguson | Introduction | Shonel Laverne Ferguson MBE (born November 6, 1957 in Nassau) is a former track and field athlete from the Bahamas, who competed in the women's sprint and long jump events during her career. She is a three-time Olympian (1976, 1984 and 1988). Ferguson was inducted into the Bahamas Track and Field Hall of Fame in 1993.
She was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 1986 New Year Honours for services to sport. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1957 births",
"Living people",
"Sportspeople from Nassau, Bahamas",
"Bahamian female sprinters",
"Bahamian female long jumpers",
"Olympic athletes of the Bahamas",
"Athletes (track and field) at the 1976 Summer Olympics",
"Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics",
"Athletes (track an... | |
projected-20463144-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dear%20Rosie | Dear Rosie | Introduction | Dear Rosie (1990) is a 1990 British short subject directed by Peter Cattaneo from a script by Peter Morgan and Mark Wadlow. The plot follows Rosie, played by Fiona Victory, an unsuccessful novelist who begins receiving letters from overweight people after her agent publishes her diet tips.
Cattaneo directed the short while he was a student at the Royal College of Art. The 11-minute film premiered at the 1990 London Film Festival. The following year, it was presented at the New York Film Festival.
The short was nominated in the Best Short Film category at the 44th British Academy Film Awards, and the Short Film (Live Action) category at the 63rd Academy Awards. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1990 films",
"Films directed by Peter Cattaneo",
"Films with screenplays by Peter Morgan",
"British short films",
"Channel 4 television dramas",
"1990 short films",
"1990s English-language films"
] | |
projected-20463178-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%2099er%20Pairs | National 99er Pairs | Introduction | The National 99er Pairs national bridge championship was held at the fall American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) North American Bridge Championship (NABC) until discontinued in 2013. The National 99er Pairs was a one-day two-session matchpoint pairs event, restricted to players with under 100 masterpoints and typically started on the second Friday of the NABC. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"North American Bridge Championships"
] | |
projected-20463178-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%2099er%20Pairs | National 99er Pairs | Sources | The National 99er Pairs national bridge championship was held at the fall American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) North American Bridge Championship (NABC) until discontinued in 2013. The National 99er Pairs was a one-day two-session matchpoint pairs event, restricted to players with under 100 masterpoints and typically started on the second Friday of the NABC. | 1998 winners, Page 11
1999 winners, Page 7
2000 winners, Page 6
2001 winners, Page 1
2002 winners, Page 1
2003 winners, Page 1
2004 winners, Page 1
2005 winners, Page 1
2006 winners, Page 1
2007 winners, Page 1
2008 winners, Page 1 | [] | [
"Sources"
] | [
"North American Bridge Championships"
] |
projected-23571378-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Members%20of%20the%20Victorian%20Legislative%20Assembly%2C%201856%E2%80%931859 | Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, 1856–1859 | Introduction | This is a list of members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly from the elections of 23 September – 24 October 1856 to those of 26 August – 26 September 1859. The Assembly was created in 1856.
Note the "Term in Office" refers to that members term(s) in the Assembly, not necessarily for that electorate. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Members of the Parliament of Victoria by term",
"19th-century Australian politicians"
] | |
projected-23571378-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Members%20of%20the%20Victorian%20Legislative%20Assembly%2C%201856%E2%80%931859 | Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, 1856–1859 | Notes | This is a list of members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly from the elections of 23 September – 24 October 1856 to those of 26 August – 26 September 1859. The Assembly was created in 1856.
Note the "Term in Office" refers to that members term(s) in the Assembly, not necessarily for that electorate. | O'Shanassy won both Melbourne and Kilmore districts, deciding to represent the latter he resigned from Melbourne. The by-election for Melbourne in January 1857 was won by Henry Langlands.
Baragwanath resigned in December 1857, replaced by John Everard in an January 1858 by-election.
Cameron resigned in March 1857, replaced by John Wood in an April 1857 by-election.
Childers resigned in February 1857, replaced by John Findlay in a July 1857 by-election.
Clarke resigned in August 1858, replaced by Robert Anderson in an October 1858 by-election.
Fellows resigned in May 1858, replaced by John Crews in a May 1858 by-election.
Fyfe resigned in November 1857, replaced by George Board in a February 1858 by-election
Goodman resigned in January 1858, replaced by William Forlonge in a January 1858 by-election. Forlonge resigned in January 1859, replaced in turn by William Nicholson in a January 1859 by-election
Greeves resigned in March 1857, replaced by Richard Heales in a March 1857 by-election
Griffith resigned in February 1858, replaced by William Mollison in an April 1858 by-election
Haines left Parliament around November 1858, replaced by John Bell in a January 1859 by-election.
King resigned in September 1857, replaced by John Johnson in a November 1857 by-election
McDougall resigned in August 1857, replaced by Joseph Wilkie in an August 1857 by-election
Palmer resigned in July 1857, replaced by Richard Davies Ireland in an August 1857 by-election
Pasley resigned in July 1857, replaced by Sidney Ricardo in a July 1857 by-election.
Pyke resigned in February 1857, replaced by Robert Sitwell in a March 1857 by-election
Read resigned in February 1858, replaced by James Harrison in an April 1858 by-election
Rutherford resigned in July 1857, replaced by Theodore Hancock in a July 1857 by-election
Sargood resigned in December 1857, replaced by Henry Chapman in a January 1858 by-election.
Sladen resigned in March 1857, replaced by Alexander Thomson in December 1857
Stawell resigned in February 1857, replaced by James Service in March 1857
Were resigned in February 1857, replaced by Charles Ebden in a March 1857 by-election | [] | [
"Notes"
] | [
"Members of the Parliament of Victoria by term",
"19th-century Australian politicians"
] |
projected-23571378-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Members%20of%20the%20Victorian%20Legislative%20Assembly%2C%201856%E2%80%931859 | Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, 1856–1859 | References | This is a list of members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly from the elections of 23 September – 24 October 1856 to those of 26 August – 26 September 1859. The Assembly was created in 1856.
Note the "Term in Office" refers to that members term(s) in the Assembly, not necessarily for that electorate. | Category:Members of the Parliament of Victoria by term
Category:19th-century Australian politicians | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Members of the Parliament of Victoria by term",
"19th-century Australian politicians"
] |
projected-20463213-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locust%20Grove%20%28Lynchburg%2C%20Virginia%29 | Locust Grove (Lynchburg, Virginia) | Introduction | Locust Grove is a historic home located on a tract. at Lynchburg, Virginia. It is a five-bay, double-pile, central-passage-plan. -story, timberframe, four end chimney Federal-style house. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia",
"Federal architecture in Virginia",
"Houses completed in 1810",
"Houses in Lynchburg, Virginia",
"National Register of Historic Places in Lynchburg, Virginia"
] |