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text_id stringlengths 22 22 | page_url stringlengths 31 389 | page_title stringlengths 1 250 | section_title stringlengths 0 4.67k | context_page_description stringlengths 0 108k | context_section_description stringlengths 1 187k | media list | hierachy list | category list |
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projected-23577434-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Esch | Eric Esch | Early life | Eric Scott Esch (born August 3, 1966), better known by his nickname "Butterbean", is an American retired professional boxer, kickboxer, mixed martial artist, and professional wrestler who competed in the heavyweight division. He is also a television personality, having appeared in several programs and been referenced b... | Esch, who is of German descent, was born in Atlanta, Georgia, but at age four he and his family moved to St. Johns, Michigan, only to move again at 11 years old to Jasper, Alabama, with his family. He had a difficult childhood; his mother died when he was eight, and he was frequently bullied at school for being overwei... | [] | [
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projected-23577434-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Esch | Eric Esch | Boxing career; "King of the 4 Rounders" (1994–2002) | Eric Scott Esch (born August 3, 1966), better known by his nickname "Butterbean", is an American retired professional boxer, kickboxer, mixed martial artist, and professional wrestler who competed in the heavyweight division. He is also a television personality, having appeared in several programs and been referenced b... | Esch began his fighting career on the Toughman Contest scene in Texarkana, Arkansas, in the early 1990s and went on to become a five-time World Toughman Heavyweight Champion with a record of 56–5 with 36 knockouts. He received the nickname "Butterbean" when he was forced to go on a diet (consisting mostly of chicken an... | [] | [
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projected-23577434-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Esch | Eric Esch | K-1 (2003–2005) | Eric Scott Esch (born August 3, 1966), better known by his nickname "Butterbean", is an American retired professional boxer, kickboxer, mixed martial artist, and professional wrestler who competed in the heavyweight division. He is also a television personality, having appeared in several programs and been referenced b... | Butterbean ventured into the sport of kickboxing in 2003 when he was recruited by K-1 and debuted with a first-round knockout of Yusuke Fujimoto at K-1 Beast II 2003 in Saitama, Japan on June 29, 2003. K-1 was then keen to match him up with Ernesto Hoost, but he declined to take the fight on the advice of a friend who ... | [] | [
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projected-23577434-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Esch | Eric Esch | Professional wrestling (1997, 1999, 2009–2012) | Eric Scott Esch (born August 3, 1966), better known by his nickname "Butterbean", is an American retired professional boxer, kickboxer, mixed martial artist, and professional wrestler who competed in the heavyweight division. He is also a television personality, having appeared in several programs and been referenced b... | Butterbean appeared twice in World Wrestling Federation professional wrestling events, competing in boxing matches both times. On December 7, 1997, at the D-Generation X: In Your House pay-per-view event, he defeated former Golden Gloves champion Marc Mero via disqualification in a worked match. 15 months later, Butter... | [] | [
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projected-23577434-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Esch | Eric Esch | Pride Fighting Championships (2006–2007) | Eric Scott Esch (born August 3, 1966), better known by his nickname "Butterbean", is an American retired professional boxer, kickboxer, mixed martial artist, and professional wrestler who competed in the heavyweight division. He is also a television personality, having appeared in several programs and been referenced b... | Having lost his MMA debut to Genki Sudo, Esch stuck with the sport and regrouped, going 6–0–1 in appearances in King of the Cage, Gracie Fightfest, and Rumble on the Rock which included a TKO stoppage of Wesley "Cabbage" Correira at Rumble on the Rock 8 in Honolulu on January 20, 2006, in a fight which took place under... | [
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projected-23577434-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Esch | Eric Esch | Later career (2007–present) | Eric Scott Esch (born August 3, 1966), better known by his nickname "Butterbean", is an American retired professional boxer, kickboxer, mixed martial artist, and professional wrestler who competed in the heavyweight division. He is also a television personality, having appeared in several programs and been referenced b... | Butterbean's next fight was on July 14, 2007, against reigning Cage Rage World Heavyweight Champion Tengiz Tedoradze in a non-title bout at Cage Rage 25, losing via TKO. Global Fighting Championships had scheduled a main event bout between Esch and Ruben Villareal for their inaugural event, but the event was canceled w... | [] | [
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projected-23577434-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Esch | Eric Esch | Big Law: Deputy Butterbean | Eric Scott Esch (born August 3, 1966), better known by his nickname "Butterbean", is an American retired professional boxer, kickboxer, mixed martial artist, and professional wrestler who competed in the heavyweight division. He is also a television personality, having appeared in several programs and been referenced b... | Esch is a reserve deputy sheriff in his hometown of Jasper, Alabama, and starred in the reality television documentary entitled Big Law: Deputy Butterbean, which debuted on the Investigation Discovery channel in August 2011. He described the genesis of the show: They came to me wanting to do a reality documentary on my... | [] | [
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projected-23577434-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Esch | Eric Esch | Film | Eric Scott Esch (born August 3, 1966), better known by his nickname "Butterbean", is an American retired professional boxer, kickboxer, mixed martial artist, and professional wrestler who competed in the heavyweight division. He is also a television personality, having appeared in several programs and been referenced b... | Butterbean appeared in the film Jackass: The Movie, in a public stunt: an arranged fight with Johnny Knoxville in a department store. After the fight began, Knoxville fell, got up, was asked by Butterbean to hit him at least once. Knoxville did so, was easily knocked to the floor by Esch, and received several stitches ... | [] | [
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projected-23577434-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Esch | Eric Esch | Television | Eric Scott Esch (born August 3, 1966), better known by his nickname "Butterbean", is an American retired professional boxer, kickboxer, mixed martial artist, and professional wrestler who competed in the heavyweight division. He is also a television personality, having appeared in several programs and been referenced b... | Butterbean appeared on Adult Swim's Squidbillies, where he sang the national anthem, finally beating up a fan for not taking off his hat.
Butterbean appeared on CMT's Hulk Hogan's Celebrity Championship Wrestling television show, on Team Beefcake.
Butterbean was referenced on NBC's Parenthood (2010). The episode, whi... | [] | [
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projected-23577434-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Esch | Eric Esch | Radio | Eric Scott Esch (born August 3, 1966), better known by his nickname "Butterbean", is an American retired professional boxer, kickboxer, mixed martial artist, and professional wrestler who competed in the heavyweight division. He is also a television personality, having appeared in several programs and been referenced b... | On July 16, 2005, Butterbean fought Dieter of Rover's Morning Glory, in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, in a bout billed as "War on the Shore". | [] | [
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projected-23577434-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Esch | Eric Esch | Video games | Eric Scott Esch (born August 3, 1966), better known by his nickname "Butterbean", is an American retired professional boxer, kickboxer, mixed martial artist, and professional wrestler who competed in the heavyweight division. He is also a television personality, having appeared in several programs and been referenced b... | Butterbean was featured on the cover of, and was the final boss character in, the EA Sports game Toughman Contest, released in 1995 for the Sega Genesis and Sega 32X. He also appeared as a playable character in all of the EA Sports boxing video games in the Knockout Kings series. In the 2007 PC game The Witcher, the ma... | [] | [
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projected-23577434-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Esch | Eric Esch | Personal life | Eric Scott Esch (born August 3, 1966), better known by his nickname "Butterbean", is an American retired professional boxer, kickboxer, mixed martial artist, and professional wrestler who competed in the heavyweight division. He is also a television personality, having appeared in several programs and been referenced b... | Esch is married to Libby Gaskin and has three children: sons Brandon and Caleb, and daughter Grace. Both of his sons used to be mixed martial artists.
Esch opened a family-run restaurant in Jasper, Alabama in 2018, called Mr. Bean's BBQ. A previous restaurant was closed due to Esch's traveling commitments at the time. | [] | [
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projected-23577434-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Esch | Eric Esch | Boxing | Eric Scott Esch (born August 3, 1966), better known by his nickname "Butterbean", is an American retired professional boxer, kickboxer, mixed martial artist, and professional wrestler who competed in the heavyweight division. He is also a television personality, having appeared in several programs and been referenced b... | International Boxing Association
IBA World Super Heavyweight (+95.2 kg/210 lb) Championship (One time)
World Athletic Association
WAA World Heavyweight (+90.7 kg/200 lb) Championship (One time) | [] | [
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projected-23577434-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Esch | Eric Esch | Mixed martial arts | Eric Scott Esch (born August 3, 1966), better known by his nickname "Butterbean", is an American retired professional boxer, kickboxer, mixed martial artist, and professional wrestler who competed in the heavyweight division. He is also a television personality, having appeared in several programs and been referenced b... | Elite-1 MMA
Elite-1 MMA Super Heavyweight (+120.2 kg/265 lb) Championship (One time) | [] | [
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projected-23577434-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Esch | Eric Esch | Professional wrestling | Eric Scott Esch (born August 3, 1966), better known by his nickname "Butterbean", is an American retired professional boxer, kickboxer, mixed martial artist, and professional wrestler who competed in the heavyweight division. He is also a television personality, having appeared in several programs and been referenced b... | Pro Wrestling Syndicate
Pro Wrestling Syndicate Heavyweight Championship (1 time) | [] | [
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projected-23577434-020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Esch | Eric Esch | Kickboxing record | Eric Scott Esch (born August 3, 1966), better known by his nickname "Butterbean", is an American retired professional boxer, kickboxer, mixed martial artist, and professional wrestler who competed in the heavyweight division. He is also a television personality, having appeared in several programs and been referenced b... | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Legend: | [] | [
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projected-23577434-021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Esch | Eric Esch | Mixed martial arts record | Eric Scott Esch (born August 3, 1966), better known by his nickname "Butterbean", is an American retired professional boxer, kickboxer, mixed martial artist, and professional wrestler who competed in the heavyweight division. He is also a television personality, having appeared in several programs and been referenced b... | | | [] | [
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projected-17335456-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Irish%20Post | The Irish Post | Introduction | The Irish Post is a national newspaper for the Irish community in Great Britain. It is published every Wednesday and is sold in shops in Britain and Ireland. | [] | [
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"1970 establishments in England",
"Newspapers published in London",
"Publications established in 1970",
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projected-17335456-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Irish%20Post | The Irish Post | History | The Irish Post is a national newspaper for the Irish community in Great Britain. It is published every Wednesday and is sold in shops in Britain and Ireland. | The first print edition of The Irish Post was published on Friday, February 13, 1970. It was founded in February 1970 by journalist Breandán Mac Lua and Tony Beatty, a businessman from County Waterford in Ireland. Thomas Crosbie Holdings (TCH) acquired the paper in 2003.
It went through a brief period of uncertainty i... | [] | [
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projected-17335456-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Irish%20Post | The Irish Post | Irish Post Awards | The Irish Post is a national newspaper for the Irish community in Great Britain. It is published every Wednesday and is sold in shops in Britain and Ireland. | The Irish Post hosts the annual Irish Post Awards in October each year, awarded to notable Irish individuals in Britain for successes in the fields of business, entertainment, sport, technology and design. Eamonn Holmes acts as the Master of Ceremonies for the event, held at The London Hilton on Park Lane. Award winner... | [] | [
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"1970 establishments in England",
"Newspapers published in London",
"Publications established in 1970",
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projected-17335456-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Irish%20Post | The Irish Post | See also | The Irish Post is a national newspaper for the Irish community in Great Britain. It is published every Wednesday and is sold in shops in Britain and Ireland. | Irish migration to Great Britain
Paul Coggins, who has written a column called "Cog's Corner" for the paper | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"1970 establishments in England",
"Newspapers published in London",
"Publications established in 1970",
"Thomas Crosbie Holdings"
] |
projected-17335456-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Irish%20Post | The Irish Post | References | The Irish Post is a national newspaper for the Irish community in Great Britain. It is published every Wednesday and is sold in shops in Britain and Ireland. | Category:1970 establishments in England
Category:Newspapers published in London
Category:Publications established in 1970
Category:Thomas Crosbie Holdings | [] | [
"References"
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"1970 establishments in England",
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"Publications established in 1970",
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projected-26725377-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conus%20pulicarius | Conus pulicarius | Introduction | Conus pulicarius, common name the flea-bitten cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.
Like all species within the genus Conus, these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handl... | [] | [
"Introduction"
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"Conus",
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projected-26725377-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conus%20pulicarius | Conus pulicarius | Description | Conus pulicarius, common name the flea-bitten cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.
Like all species within the genus Conus, these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handl... | The size of the shell varies between 30 mm and 75 mm. The shell is white, covered by square-shaped, dark chocolate or nearly black spots, which sometimes by their juxtaposition indicate two bands. The spire is tubercuiated. The epidermis, as in the other species of the group, is very thin and translucent.
The synonym ... | [] | [
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"Conus",
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projected-26725377-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conus%20pulicarius | Conus pulicarius | Distribution | Conus pulicarius, common name the flea-bitten cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.
Like all species within the genus Conus, these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handl... | This marine species occurs in the Central and Western Pacific; Polynesia (not Marquesas); Cocos (Keeling) Island, New Guinea and Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland and Western Australia). | [] | [
"Distribution"
] | [
"Conus",
"Gastropods described in 1792"
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projected-26725377-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conus%20pulicarius | Conus pulicarius | References | Conus pulicarius, common name the flea-bitten cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.
Like all species within the genus Conus, these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handl... | Bruguière, M. 1792. Encyclopédie Méthodique ou par ordre de matières. Histoire naturelle des vers. Paris : Panckoucke Vol. 1 i-xviii, 757 pp.
Röding, P.F. 1798. Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa. Hamburg : Trappii 199 pp.
Hedley, C. 1899. The Mollusca of Fu... | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Conus",
"Gastropods described in 1792"
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projected-71481223-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucopogon%20denticulatus | Leucopogon denticulatus | Introduction | Leucopogon denticulatus is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with hairy young branchlets, overlapping egg-shaped leaves with small teeth on the edges and white, tube-shaped flowers. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Leucopogon",
"Ericales of Australia",
"Flora of Western Australia",
"Plants described in 1905",
"Taxa named by William Vincent Fitzgerald"
] | |
projected-71481223-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucopogon%20denticulatus | Leucopogon denticulatus | Description | Leucopogon denticulatus is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with hairy young branchlets, overlapping egg-shaped leaves with small teeth on the edges and white, tube-shaped flowers. | Leucopogon denticulatus is an erect shrub that typically grows to a height of , its young branchlets hairy. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, forming 4 rows along the stems. The leaves are egg-shaped, ovelapping, long with small teeth on the edges and two conspicuous veins either side of a prominent keel on t... | [] | [
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"Leucopogon",
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"Flora of Western Australia",
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projected-71481223-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucopogon%20denticulatus | Leucopogon denticulatus | Taxonomy and naming | Leucopogon denticulatus is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with hairy young branchlets, overlapping egg-shaped leaves with small teeth on the edges and white, tube-shaped flowers. | Leucopogon denticulatus was first formally described in 1905 by William Vincent Fitzgerald in the Journal of the West Australian Natural History Society from specimens collected by Cecil Rollo Payton Andrews near Albany in 1903. The specific epithet (denticulatus) means "denticulate". | [] | [
"Taxonomy and naming"
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"Leucopogon",
"Ericales of Australia",
"Flora of Western Australia",
"Plants described in 1905",
"Taxa named by William Vincent Fitzgerald"
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projected-71481223-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucopogon%20denticulatus | Leucopogon denticulatus | Distribution and habitat | Leucopogon denticulatus is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with hairy young branchlets, overlapping egg-shaped leaves with small teeth on the edges and white, tube-shaped flowers. | This leucopogon grows on sandplains and salt flats in the Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest and Mallee bioregions of south-western Western Australia. | [] | [
"Distribution and habitat"
] | [
"Leucopogon",
"Ericales of Australia",
"Flora of Western Australia",
"Plants described in 1905",
"Taxa named by William Vincent Fitzgerald"
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projected-71481223-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucopogon%20denticulatus | Leucopogon denticulatus | Conservation status | Leucopogon denticulatus is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with hairy young branchlets, overlapping egg-shaped leaves with small teeth on the edges and white, tube-shaped flowers. | Leucopogon denticulatus is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. | [] | [
"Conservation status"
] | [
"Leucopogon",
"Ericales of Australia",
"Flora of Western Australia",
"Plants described in 1905",
"Taxa named by William Vincent Fitzgerald"
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projected-71481223-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucopogon%20denticulatus | Leucopogon denticulatus | References | Leucopogon denticulatus is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with hairy young branchlets, overlapping egg-shaped leaves with small teeth on the edges and white, tube-shaped flowers. | denticulatus
Category:Ericales of Australia
Category:Flora of Western Australia
Category:Plants described in 1905
Category:Taxa named by William Vincent Fitzgerald | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Leucopogon",
"Ericales of Australia",
"Flora of Western Australia",
"Plants described in 1905",
"Taxa named by William Vincent Fitzgerald"
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projected-23577437-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munmurra%20River | Munmurra River | Introduction | Munmurra River, a perennial river of the Hunter River catchment, is located in the Upper Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Rivers of New South Wales",
"Rivers of the Hunter Region",
"Upper Hunter Shire"
] | |
projected-23577437-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munmurra%20River | Munmurra River | Course and features | Munmurra River, a perennial river of the Hunter River catchment, is located in the Upper Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia. | Munmurra River rises on the southern slopes of the Great Dividing Range, below Breeza Lookout, northeast of Cassilis and flows generally south by west, joined by four minor tributaries before reaching its confluence with the Goulburn River. The river descends over its course.
South of the town of Cassilis, the Golde... | [] | [
"Course and features"
] | [
"Rivers of New South Wales",
"Rivers of the Hunter Region",
"Upper Hunter Shire"
] |
projected-23577437-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munmurra%20River | Munmurra River | See also | Munmurra River, a perennial river of the Hunter River catchment, is located in the Upper Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia. | List of rivers of Australia
List of rivers of New South Wales (L–Z)
Goulburn River National Park
Rivers of New South Wales | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Rivers of New South Wales",
"Rivers of the Hunter Region",
"Upper Hunter Shire"
] |
projected-71481267-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Hermann%20Medal | Carl Hermann Medal | Introduction | The Carl Hermann Medal is the highest award in the field of crystallography from the German Crystallographic Society. It is named after the German physicist and professor of crystallography Carl Hermann, who along with Paul Peter Ewald, created the Strukturbericht designation system for crystallographic prototypes. The... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Awards established in 1996",
"Medals",
"Crystallography awards",
"German science and technology awards"
] | |
projected-71481267-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Hermann%20Medal | Carl Hermann Medal | Carl Hermann Medal recipients | The Carl Hermann Medal is the highest award in the field of crystallography from the German Crystallographic Society. It is named after the German physicist and professor of crystallography Carl Hermann, who along with Paul Peter Ewald, created the Strukturbericht designation system for crystallographic prototypes. The... | 1996 Gerhard Borrmann
1997 Hartmut Bärnighausen
1998 Siegfried Haussühl
1999 George Sheldrick
2000 Heinz Jagodzinski
2001 Theo Hahn, Hans Wondratschek
2002 Friedrich Liebau
2003 Hans-Joachim Bunge
2004 Wolfram Saenger
2005 Peter Paufler
2006 Werner Fischer
2008 Hans Burzlaff
2009 Armin Kirfel
2010 Wolfgang... | [] | [
"Carl Hermann Medal recipients"
] | [
"Awards established in 1996",
"Medals",
"Crystallography awards",
"German science and technology awards"
] |
projected-26725378-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conasprella%20puncticulata | Conasprella puncticulata | Introduction | Conasprella puncticulata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.
Like all species within the family Conidae, these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handled carefully or not at a... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Conasprella",
"Gastropods described in 1792"
] | |
projected-26725378-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conasprella%20puncticulata | Conasprella puncticulata | Distribution | Conasprella puncticulata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.
Like all species within the family Conidae, these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handled carefully or not at a... | This species occurs in the Caribbean Sea and off the Lesser Antilles. | [] | [
"Distribution"
] | [
"Conasprella",
"Gastropods described in 1792"
] |
projected-26725378-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conasprella%20puncticulata | Conasprella puncticulata | Description | Conasprella puncticulata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.
Like all species within the family Conidae, these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handled carefully or not at a... | The maximum recorded shell length is 32 mm.
The shell is rather broad-shouldered and somewhat swollen above, slightly contracted and grooved towards the base. Its color is whitish, encircled by numerous lines of close, small chestnut spots, and
often clouded longitudinally with light violaceous or chestnut, forming t... | [] | [
"Description"
] | [
"Conasprella",
"Gastropods described in 1792"
] |
projected-26725378-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conasprella%20puncticulata | Conasprella puncticulata | Habitat | Conasprella puncticulata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.
Like all species within the family Conidae, these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handled carefully or not at a... | Minimum recorded depth is 0 m. Maximum recorded depth is 15 m. | [] | [
"Habitat"
] | [
"Conasprella",
"Gastropods described in 1792"
] |
projected-71481269-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Emilio%20Neder | José Emilio Neder | Introduction | José Emilio Neder (born 13 March 1954) is an Argentine politician, currently serving as a National Senator for Santiago del Estero since 2019. He belongs to the Justicialist Party, and has formed part of the Civic Front for Santiago since its foundation in 2005.
Neder previously served as vice governor of Santiago del... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1954 births",
"Living people",
"People from Santiago del Estero Province",
"Justicialist Party politicians",
"Mayors of places in Argentina",
"Members of the Argentine Senate for Santiago del Estero",
"Vice Governors of Santiago del Estero Province",
"20th-century Argentine politicians",
"21st-cent... | |
projected-20471890-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Introduction | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] | |
projected-20471890-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Fluorosurfactants | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | Fluorosurfactants are surfactants containing fluorocarbon chains such as those in PFASs. They can reduce the surface tension of water below what is attainable by using hydrocarbon surfactants. This ability is due to the hydrophobic nature of fluorocarbons, so fluorosurfactants tend to concentrate at the liquid-air inte... | [
"A water droplet DWR-coated surface2 edit1.jpg"
] | [
"Fluorosurfactants"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Economic role | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | PFASs play a key economic role for companies such as DuPont, 3M, and W. L. Gore & Associates because they are used in emulsion polymerization to produce fluoropolymers. They have two main markets: a $1 billion annual market for use in stain repellents, and a $100 million annual market for use in polishes, paints, and c... | [] | [
"Economic role"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Human health concerns associated with PFASs | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | On their introduction in the 1940s, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were considered inert. In fact, early occupational studies revealed elevated levels of fluorochemicals, including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, C8), in the blood of exposed industrial workers, but cit... | [
"Effects of exposure to PFASs on human health.svg"
] | [
"Health and environmental concerns",
"Human health concerns associated with PFASs"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Prevalence in rainwater | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | In 2022 it was found that levels of at least four perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in rainwater worldwide ubiquitously, and often greatly, exceeded the EPA's lifetime drinking water health advisories as well as comparable Danish, Dutch, and European Union safety standards, leading researchers to conclude that "the global s... | [] | [
"Health and environmental concerns",
"Prevalence in rainwater"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Estimated contemporary costs | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | In a report by the Nordic Council of Ministers the total annual health-related costs associated with human exposure to PFASs were estimated to be at least €52-€84 billion in the European Economic Area (EEA) countries. Aggregated annual costs covering environmental screening, monitoring where contamination is found, wat... | [] | [
"Health and environmental concerns",
"Estimated contemporary costs"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Hypercholesterolemia | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | Animal studies in the 1990s and early 2000s primarily aimed to investigate the effect of two widely used long-chain PFASs, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, C8) and perfluorooctane sulphonic acid (PFOS, C8), on peroxisome proliferation in rat livers. These studies determined that PFOA and PFOS acted as Peroxisome prolifera... | [] | [
"Health and environmental concerns",
"Proposed mechanisms of PFAS-related adverse health outcomes",
"Hypercholesterolemia"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Ulcerative colitis | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | PFOA and PFOS have been shown to significantly alter immune and inflammatory responses in human and animal species. In particular, IgA, IgE (in females only) and C-reactive protein have been shown to decrease whereas antinuclear antibodies increase as PFOA serum concentrations increase. These cytokine variations allude... | [] | [
"Health and environmental concerns",
"Proposed mechanisms of PFAS-related adverse health outcomes",
"Ulcerative colitis"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Thyroid disease | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid abnormality associated with PFAS exposure. PFASs have been shown to decrease thyroid peroxidase, resulting in decreased production and activation of thyroid hormones in vivo. Other proposed mechanisms include alterations in thyroid hormone signaling, metabolism and excretion as... | [] | [
"Health and environmental concerns",
"Proposed mechanisms of PFAS-related adverse health outcomes",
"Thyroid disease"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Cancer | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | Rat studies investigating the carcinogenicity of PFASs reported significant correlation with liver adenomas, Leydig cell tumors of the testis and pancreatic acinar cell tumors and dietary PFOA consumption. The C8 Science Panel investigated the potential relationship between PFAS exposure and these three cancer types as... | [] | [
"Health and environmental concerns",
"Proposed mechanisms of PFAS-related adverse health outcomes",
"Cancer"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | Pregnancy-induced hypertension is diagnosed when maternal systolic blood pressure exceeds 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure exceeds 90mmHg after 20 weeks gestation. Diagnostic criteria are the same for pre-eclampsia as pregnancy-induced hypertension; however, it also confers proteinuria. Mechanisms by which pregnanc... | [] | [
"Health and environmental concerns",
"Proposed mechanisms of PFAS-related adverse health outcomes",
"Pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Forever chemicals | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | Fluorosurfactants such as PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA have caught the attention of regulatory agencies because of their persistence, toxicity, and widespread occurrence in the blood of general populations and wildlife. In 2009, PFOS, its salts and perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride were listed as persistent organic pollutants u... | [] | [
"Forever chemicals"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Bioaccumulation and biomagnification | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | Bioaccumulation is the process by which PFASs are transferred into the tissue of any exposed organisms where PFASs accumulate over time since organisms lack natural excretion mechanisms. PFASs can accumulate in marine species by a variety of pathways. They can be absorbed from the environment, such as contaminated sedi... | [
"PFAS Biomagnification.png",
"The build up of toxins in a food chain.svg"
] | [
"Bioaccumulation and biomagnification"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Australia | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | In 2017, the ABC's current affairs programme Four Corners reported that the storage and use of firefighting foams containing perfluorinated surfactants at Australian Defence Force facilities around Australia had contaminated nearby water resources. In 2019, remediation efforts at RAAF Base Tindal and the adjacent town ... | [] | [
"Australia"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Canada | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | Although PFASs are not manufactured in Canada, they may be present in imported goods and products. In 2008, Canada prohibited the import, sale, or use of PFOS or PFOS-containing products, with some exceptions for products used in firefighting, in the military, and some forms of ink and photo media.
Health Canada has p... | [] | [
"Canada"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | United Kingdom | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | Although it is recognized that they may also cause disease, for example through absorption via drinking water, water companies in the United Kingdom do not test for PFASs. | [] | [
"United Kingdom"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Italy | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | Over 350,000 residents in Veneto are estimated to have been exposed to contamination through tap water, it is Europe's biggest PFAS-related environmental disaster.
While Italy's National Health Institute (ISS, Istituto Superiore di Sanità) set the threshold limit of PFOA in the bloodstream at 8 nanograms per milliliter... | [] | [
"Italy"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | In products | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | Certain PFASs are no longer manufactured in the United States, as a result of phase-outs including the PFOA Stewardship Program (2010-2015), in which eight major chemical manufacturers agreed to eliminate the use of PFOA and PFOA-related chemicals in their products and as emissions from their facilities. Although PFOA ... | [
"A bride-to-be.jpg"
] | [
"United States",
"In products"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Contaminated sites, drinking water and wastewater | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | An estimated 26,000 U.S. sites are contaminated with PFASs. At least six million Americans are estimated to have drinking water containing PFASs above the existing safe limits recommended by the U.S. EPA.
EPA published non-enforceable drinking water health advisories for PFOA and PFOS in 2016. In March 2021 EPA announ... | [] | [
"United States",
"Contaminated sites, drinking water and wastewater"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | California | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | In 2021 California banned PFASs for use in food packaging and from infant and children's products and also required PFAS cookware in the state to carry a warning label. | [] | [
"United States",
"California"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Maine | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | A program licensed and promoted by the Maine Department of Environmental Protection that provided free municipal wastewater sludge (biosolids) to farmers as fertilizer has resulted in PFAS contamination of local drinking water and farm-grown produce. | [] | [
"United States",
"Maine"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Michigan | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | Launched in 2017, the Michigan PFAS Action Response Team (MPART) is the first multi-agency action team of its kind in the nation. Agencies representing health, environment, and other branches of state government have joined together to investigate sources and locations of PFAS contamination in the state, take action to... | [] | [
"United States",
"Michigan"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Minnesota | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | In February 2018, 3M settled a lawsuit for $850 million related to contaminated drinking water in Minnesota. | [] | [
"United States",
"Minnesota"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | New Jersey | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | In 2018 the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) published a drinking water standard for PFNA. Public water systems in New Jersey are required to meet a maximum contaminant level (MCL) standard of 13 ppt. In 2020 the state set a PFOA standard at 14 ppt and a PFOS standard at 13 ppt.
In 2019 NJDEP ... | [] | [
"United States",
"New Jersey"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Washington | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | Washington State has a history of PFAS releases to the environment.
In addition, five military installations in Washington State have been identified by the U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works as having PFAS contamination. Toward environmental and consumer protections, the Washington State Department... | [] | [
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projected-20471890-028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Class action lawsuits | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | In February 2017, DuPont and Chemours (a DuPont spin-off) agreed to pay $671 million to settle lawsuits arising from 3,550 personal injury claims related to releasing of PFASs from their Parkersburg, West Virginia plant, into the drinking water of several thousand residents. This was after a court-created independent s... | [] | [
"Class action lawsuits"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Corporate and federal government suppression of information | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | Starting in the 1970s, 3M scientists learned that PFOS and PFOA were toxic to humans, documenting damage to the human immune system. Also in the 1970s, 3M scientists found that these substances accumulate over time in the human body. However, 3M suppressed revelation of these facts to the public or to regulators.
In 2... | [] | [
"Corporate and federal government suppression of information"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Water contamination by U.S. military bases | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | The water in and around at least 126 U.S. military bases has been contaminated by high levels of PFASs because of their use of firefighting foams since the 1970s, according to a study by the U.S. Department of Defense. Of these, 90 bases reported PFAS contamination that had spread to drinking water or groundwater off t... | [] | [
"Water contamination by U.S. military bases"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Occupational exposure | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | Occupational exposure to PFASs occurs in numerous industries due to the widespread use of PFASs in products and as an element of industrial process streams. PFASs are used in more than 200 different ways in industries as diverse as electronics and equipment manufacturing, plastic and rubber production, food and textile... | [] | [
"Occupational exposure"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-032 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Professional ski wax technicians | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | Professional ski wax technicians are disproportionately exposed to PFASs from the glide wax used to coat the bottom of skis to reduce the friction between the skis and snow. During this process, the wax is heated to 130-220 °C, which releases fumes and airborne fluorinated compounds. Exposure to aerosolized PFASs is as... | [] | [
"Occupational exposure",
"Professional ski wax technicians"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
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"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
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] |
projected-20471890-033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Manufacturing workers | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | People who work at fluorochemical production plants and in manufacturing industries that use PFASs in the industrial process can be exposed to PFASs in the workplace. Much of what we know about PFASs exposure and health effects began with medical surveillance studies of workers exposed to PFASs at fluorochemical produc... | [] | [
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"Organofluorides",
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"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Firefighters | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | PFASs are commonly used in Class B firefighting foams due to their hydrophobic and lipophobic properties as well as the stability of the chemicals when exposed to high heat. Due to firefighters' potential for exposure to PFASs through these aqueous film forming foams (AFFF), studies raise concerns that firefighters are... | [
"Autobrand IJzendoorn.JPG"
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"Organofluorides",
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"Occupational safety and health",
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projected-20471890-035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Exposure after World Trade Center terrorist attacks | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | The September 11, 2001 collapse of the World Trade Center buildings in New York City resulted in the release of chemicals from the destruction of construction and electrical material and long-term chemical fires. This collapse caused the release of several toxic chemicals, including fluorinated surfactants used as soil... | [] | [
"Occupational exposure",
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"Organofluorides",
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"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Water treatment | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | Several technologies are currently available for remediating PFASs in liquids. These technologies can be applied to drinking water supplies, groundwater, industrial wastewater, surface water, and other miscellaneous applications (such as landfill leachate). Influent concentrations of PFASs can vary by orders of magnitu... | [] | [
"Remediation solutions",
"Water treatment"
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"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Theoretical and early-stage solutions | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | The Michigan State University-Fraunhofer team has a viable solution to treat PFAS-contaminated wastewater that, in 2018, was reported to be ready for a pilot-scale investigation. The electrochemical oxidation system used boron-doped diamond electrodes, in a process breaking down the contaminants' formidable molecular b... | [] | [
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"Organofluorides",
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"Environment and health",
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projected-20471890-039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Chemical treatment | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | A study published in the journal Science in August 2022 indicated that perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) are able to be "mineralized" via heating in a polar aprotic solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide. The study reported that heating PFCAs in an 8 to 1 mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and water at in the presence of... | [] | [
"Chemical treatment"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
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projected-20471890-040 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Example chemicals | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | Some common per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances:
Polytetrafluoroethylene aka PTFE aka Teflon
Perfluorinated carboxylic acids
Fluorotelomers
Perfluorosulfonic acids
Others: | [] | [
"Example chemicals"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
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projected-20471890-041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | Films | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | The Devil We Know (2018)
Dark Waters (2019) | [] | [
"Films"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-20471890-042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-%20and%20polyfluoroalkyl%20substances | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances | See also | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic organofluorine chemical compounds that have multiple fluorine atoms attached to an alkyl chain. An early definition, from 2011, required that they contain at least one perfluoroalkyl moiety, –CnF2n+1–.
More recently (2021) the Organisation for Economic Co-operat... | Timeline of events related to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
Entegris, formerly Fluoroware, of Chaska, MN, manufacturer of teflon components for health and semiconductor Fabs
FSI International, now TEL FSI
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
Fluoropolymer - another class of polyfluoroalkyl substances | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Organofluorides",
"Pollutants",
"Surfactants",
"Environment and health",
"Occupational safety and health",
"Hazardous air pollutants"
] |
projected-10673491-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rex%20Wailes | Rex Wailes | Introduction | Reginald "Rex" Wailes OBE, FSA, F I Mech E (6 March 1901 – 7 January 1986) was an English engineer and historian who published widely on aspects of engineering history and industrial archaeology, particularly on windmills and watermills.
Wailes was born at Hadley Wood on 6 March 1901, the son of Reginald and Florence ... | [] | [
"Introduction"
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"1901 births",
"1986 deaths",
"People educated at Oundle School",
"Officers of the Order of the British Empire",
"20th-century English historians",
"20th-century British engineers",
"Industrial archaeology"
] | |
projected-10673491-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rex%20Wailes | Rex Wailes | References | Reginald "Rex" Wailes OBE, FSA, F I Mech E (6 March 1901 – 7 January 1986) was an English engineer and historian who published widely on aspects of engineering history and industrial archaeology, particularly on windmills and watermills.
Wailes was born at Hadley Wood on 6 March 1901, the son of Reginald and Florence ... | Major, J. Kenneth (1990). Rex Wailes: An Appreciation of His Work, First Rex Wailes Memorial Lecture, presented at the Science Museum, London, 10 May 1989. London: Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings.
Category:1901 births
Category:1986 deaths
Category:People educated at Oundle School
Category:Officers of t... | [] | [
"References"
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"1901 births",
"1986 deaths",
"People educated at Oundle School",
"Officers of the Order of the British Empire",
"20th-century English historians",
"20th-century British engineers",
"Industrial archaeology"
] |
projected-17335461-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg%20Bautzer | Greg Bautzer | Introduction | Gregson Edward Bautzer (April 3, 1911 – October 26, 1987) was an American attorney who represented such individuals as Ginger Rogers, Ingrid Bergman and Joan Crawford, Kirk Kerkorian, Howard Hughes and William R. Wilkerson. | [] | [
"Introduction"
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"1911 births",
"1987 deaths",
"People from Beverly Hills, California",
"Lawyers from Los Angeles",
"20th-century American lawyers",
"American entertainment lawyers",
"Burials at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery"
] | |
projected-17335461-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg%20Bautzer | Greg Bautzer | Early life | Gregson Edward Bautzer (April 3, 1911 – October 26, 1987) was an American attorney who represented such individuals as Ginger Rogers, Ingrid Bergman and Joan Crawford, Kirk Kerkorian, Howard Hughes and William R. Wilkerson. | Bautzer was born in the Los Angeles community of San Pedro, California to Edward H. Bautzer, a descendant of German immigrants, and his wife Blanche Buckhout. The elder Bautzer was active in the San Pedro community, a civic leader, political activist and attorney. Bautzer's mother, before her marriage, had been a scho... | [] | [
"Early life"
] | [
"1911 births",
"1987 deaths",
"People from Beverly Hills, California",
"Lawyers from Los Angeles",
"20th-century American lawyers",
"American entertainment lawyers",
"Burials at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery"
] |
projected-17335461-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg%20Bautzer | Greg Bautzer | Personal life | Gregson Edward Bautzer (April 3, 1911 – October 26, 1987) was an American attorney who represented such individuals as Ginger Rogers, Ingrid Bergman and Joan Crawford, Kirk Kerkorian, Howard Hughes and William R. Wilkerson. | While attending law school, Bautzer met socialite Marion Jahns; they married on January 2, 1935 and divorced in 1937. After becoming established in Hollywood, Bautzer was engaged to actresses Barbara Payton, Dorothy Lamour and Lana Turner. Turner was only 16 when she and Bautzer started to date. He had another brief ma... | [] | [
"Personal life"
] | [
"1911 births",
"1987 deaths",
"People from Beverly Hills, California",
"Lawyers from Los Angeles",
"20th-century American lawyers",
"American entertainment lawyers",
"Burials at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery"
] |
projected-17335461-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg%20Bautzer | Greg Bautzer | Death | Gregson Edward Bautzer (April 3, 1911 – October 26, 1987) was an American attorney who represented such individuals as Ginger Rogers, Ingrid Bergman and Joan Crawford, Kirk Kerkorian, Howard Hughes and William R. Wilkerson. | Bautzer died of heart failure at his Beverly Hills home on October 26, 1987, at the age of 76. He is interred at Westwood Memorial Park. | [] | [
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"1911 births",
"1987 deaths",
"People from Beverly Hills, California",
"Lawyers from Los Angeles",
"20th-century American lawyers",
"American entertainment lawyers",
"Burials at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery"
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projected-17335461-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg%20Bautzer | Greg Bautzer | See also | Gregson Edward Bautzer (April 3, 1911 – October 26, 1987) was an American attorney who represented such individuals as Ginger Rogers, Ingrid Bergman and Joan Crawford, Kirk Kerkorian, Howard Hughes and William R. Wilkerson. | Ernest Del | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"1911 births",
"1987 deaths",
"People from Beverly Hills, California",
"Lawyers from Los Angeles",
"20th-century American lawyers",
"American entertainment lawyers",
"Burials at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery"
] |
projected-71481276-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%20Wing%20Yung | Ng Wing Yung | Introduction | Ng Wing Yung (; born 17 May 1995) is a Hong Kong badminton player. She, partnered with Chang Tak Ching, participated 2021 BWF World Championships' mixed doubles event, and defeated the top seed, the defending champions Zheng Siwei and Huang Yaqiong in the second round by 16–21, 21–13, 21–17. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1995 births",
"Living people",
"Hong Kong female badminton players",
"Badminton players at the 2018 Asian Games",
"Asian Games competitors for Hong Kong"
] | |
projected-71481276-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%20Wing%20Yung | Ng Wing Yung | BWF International Challenge/Series (1 title, 5 runners-up) | Ng Wing Yung (; born 17 May 1995) is a Hong Kong badminton player. She, partnered with Chang Tak Ching, participated 2021 BWF World Championships' mixed doubles event, and defeated the top seed, the defending champions Zheng Siwei and Huang Yaqiong in the second round by 16–21, 21–13, 21–17. | Women's doubles
Mixed doubles
BWF International Challenge tournament
BWF International Series tournament
BWF Future Series tournament | [] | [
"Achievements",
"BWF International Challenge/Series (1 title, 5 runners-up)"
] | [
"1995 births",
"Living people",
"Hong Kong female badminton players",
"Badminton players at the 2018 Asian Games",
"Asian Games competitors for Hong Kong"
] |
projected-17335463-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazard%20Farmstead%20%28Joyner%20Site%20RI-706%29 | Hazard Farmstead (Joyner Site RI-706) | Introduction | The Hazard Farmstead (Joyner Site RI-706) (also known as Joyner Archeological Site RI-706) is a historic archaeological site in Jamestown, Rhode Island. It is the location of a major American Indian settlement whose artifacts have been dated from 2,500 BC to 1,000 AD. It appeared to be occupied seasonally from late s... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Archaeological sites in Rhode Island",
"Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island",
"Jamestown, Rhode Island",
"National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island"
] | |
projected-17335463-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazard%20Farmstead%20%28Joyner%20Site%20RI-706%29 | Hazard Farmstead (Joyner Site RI-706) | See also | The Hazard Farmstead (Joyner Site RI-706) (also known as Joyner Archeological Site RI-706) is a historic archaeological site in Jamestown, Rhode Island. It is the location of a major American Indian settlement whose artifacts have been dated from 2,500 BC to 1,000 AD. It appeared to be occupied seasonally from late s... | National Register of Historic Places listings in Newport County, Rhode Island | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Archaeological sites in Rhode Island",
"Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island",
"Jamestown, Rhode Island",
"National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island"
] |
projected-17335463-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazard%20Farmstead%20%28Joyner%20Site%20RI-706%29 | Hazard Farmstead (Joyner Site RI-706) | References | The Hazard Farmstead (Joyner Site RI-706) (also known as Joyner Archeological Site RI-706) is a historic archaeological site in Jamestown, Rhode Island. It is the location of a major American Indian settlement whose artifacts have been dated from 2,500 BC to 1,000 AD. It appeared to be occupied seasonally from late s... | Category:Archaeological sites in Rhode Island
Category:Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Category:Jamestown, Rhode Island
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Archaeological sites in Rhode Island",
"Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island",
"Jamestown, Rhode Island",
"National Register of Historic Places in Newport County, Rhode Island"
] |
projected-23577439-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ius%20in%20re | Ius in re | Introduction | Ius in re, or jus in re, under civil law, more commonly referred to as a real right or right in rem, is a right in property, known as an interest under common law. A real right vests in a person with respect to property, inherent in his relation to it, and is good against the world (erga omnes). The primary real right ... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Latin legal terminology"
] | |
projected-23577439-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ius%20in%20re | Ius in re | See also | Ius in re, or jus in re, under civil law, more commonly referred to as a real right or right in rem, is a right in property, known as an interest under common law. A real right vests in a person with respect to property, inherent in his relation to it, and is good against the world (erga omnes). The primary real right ... | ius
Property law | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Latin legal terminology"
] |
projected-23577439-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ius%20in%20re | Ius in re | References | Ius in re, or jus in re, under civil law, more commonly referred to as a real right or right in rem, is a right in property, known as an interest under common law. A real right vests in a person with respect to property, inherent in his relation to it, and is good against the world (erga omnes). The primary real right ... | Black's Law Dictionary (Second Edition 1910) (public domain)
Category:Latin legal terminology | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Latin legal terminology"
] |
projected-26725381-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conus%20purpurascens | Conus purpurascens | Introduction | Conus purpurascens, common name the purple cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.
Like all species within the genus Conus, these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handled ... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Conus",
"Gastropods described in 1833",
"Taxa named by George Brettingham Sowerby I"
] | |
projected-26725381-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conus%20purpurascens | Conus purpurascens | Description | Conus purpurascens, common name the purple cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.
Like all species within the genus Conus, these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handled ... | The size of the shell varies between 33 mm and 80 mm. The shell is broad-shouldered, with a rude, striate spire. It is striate below, and the string sometimes is slightly granular. The shell is clouded with white or violaceous and brown or olive, with close lines of chestnut and white minute articulations. Sometimes it... | [] | [
"Description"
] | [
"Conus",
"Gastropods described in 1833",
"Taxa named by George Brettingham Sowerby I"
] |
projected-26725381-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conus%20purpurascens | Conus purpurascens | Distribution | Conus purpurascens, common name the purple cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.
Like all species within the genus Conus, these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handled ... | This species occurs in the Central Pacific, off the Galapagos Islands and in the Gulf of California, Mexico. | [] | [
"Distribution"
] | [
"Conus",
"Gastropods described in 1833",
"Taxa named by George Brettingham Sowerby I"
] |
projected-26725381-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conus%20purpurascens | Conus purpurascens | References | Conus purpurascens, common name the purple cone, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.
Like all species within the genus Conus, these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handled ... | Petit, R. E. (2009). George Brettingham Sowerby, I, II & III: their conchological publications and molluscan taxa. Zootaxa. 2189: 1–218
Puillandre N., Duda T.F., Meyer C., Olivera B.M. & Bouchet P. (2015). One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 81: 1–23 | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Conus",
"Gastropods described in 1833",
"Taxa named by George Brettingham Sowerby I"
] |