Search is not available for this dataset
text_id stringlengths 22 22 | page_url stringlengths 31 389 | page_title stringlengths 1 250 | section_title stringlengths 0 4.67k | context_page_description stringlengths 0 108k | context_section_description stringlengths 1 187k | media list | hierachy list | category list |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
projected-23578939-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20River | Jerry River | See also | The Jerry River is a river of the southwestern South Island of New Zealand. It flows northwest into the Gorge River, which flows into the Tasman Sea between Jackson Bay and Big Bay. | List of rivers of New Zealand | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Rivers of the West Coast, New Zealand",
"Westland District",
"Rivers of New Zealand"
] |
projected-23578939-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20River | Jerry River | References | The Jerry River is a river of the southwestern South Island of New Zealand. It flows northwest into the Gorge River, which flows into the Tasman Sea between Jackson Bay and Big Bay. | Category:Rivers of the West Coast, New Zealand
Category:Westland District
Category:Rivers of New Zealand | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Rivers of the West Coast, New Zealand",
"Westland District",
"Rivers of New Zealand"
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projected-23578941-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20o%27Groats%20River | John o'Groats River | Introduction | The John o'Groats River is a river in northern Fiordland, New Zealand. It flows west to the Tasman Sea north of Milford Sound. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Rivers of Fiordland"
] | |
projected-23578941-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20o%27Groats%20River | John o'Groats River | See also | The John o'Groats River is a river in northern Fiordland, New Zealand. It flows west to the Tasman Sea north of Milford Sound. | List of rivers of New Zealand | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Rivers of Fiordland"
] |
projected-23578941-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20o%27Groats%20River | John o'Groats River | References | The John o'Groats River is a river in northern Fiordland, New Zealand. It flows west to the Tasman Sea north of Milford Sound. | Category:Rivers of Fiordland | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Rivers of Fiordland"
] |
projected-23578945-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jollie%20River | Jollie River | Introduction | The Jollie River is a river of New Zealand's Southern Alps. It flows an almost straight course from its source in the Liebig Range east of Aoraki/Mount Cook, flowing into the Tasman River from the latter's outflow into Lake Pukaki. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Rivers of Canterbury, New Zealand",
"Rivers of New Zealand"
] | |
projected-23578945-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jollie%20River | Jollie River | See also | The Jollie River is a river of New Zealand's Southern Alps. It flows an almost straight course from its source in the Liebig Range east of Aoraki/Mount Cook, flowing into the Tasman River from the latter's outflow into Lake Pukaki. | List of rivers of New Zealand | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Rivers of Canterbury, New Zealand",
"Rivers of New Zealand"
] |
projected-23578945-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jollie%20River | Jollie River | References | The Jollie River is a river of New Zealand's Southern Alps. It flows an almost straight course from its source in the Liebig Range east of Aoraki/Mount Cook, flowing into the Tasman River from the latter's outflow into Lake Pukaki. | Category:Rivers of Canterbury, New Zealand
Category:Rivers of New Zealand | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Rivers of Canterbury, New Zealand",
"Rivers of New Zealand"
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projected-23578946-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20River | Juno River | Introduction | The Juno River is a river of Fiordland, New Zealand. It rises west of Lake Shirley and flows westward into the Tasman Sea between Taitetimu / Caswell Sound and Taiporoporo / Charles Sound. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Rivers of Fiordland"
] | |
projected-23578946-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20River | Juno River | See also | The Juno River is a river of Fiordland, New Zealand. It rises west of Lake Shirley and flows westward into the Tasman Sea between Taitetimu / Caswell Sound and Taiporoporo / Charles Sound. | List of rivers of New Zealand | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Rivers of Fiordland"
] |
projected-23578946-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20River | Juno River | References | The Juno River is a river of Fiordland, New Zealand. It rises west of Lake Shirley and flows westward into the Tasman Sea between Taitetimu / Caswell Sound and Taiporoporo / Charles Sound. | Category:Rivers of Fiordland | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"Rivers of Fiordland"
] |
projected-20473962-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda%20Wang | Linda Wang | Introduction | Linda Hsien Wang (born 19??) is an American actress. She traces her ancestry to Shanghai and Shandong, she was raised in Queens, New York. Also known as Linda Wang, Linda H. Wang and Wáng Xiànlíng (王憲苓). She has been profiled in Chinese-language media in the United States. She currently resides in the Los Angeles area. | [] | [
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"American film actresses",
"American stage actresses",
"American television actresses",
"American voice actresses",
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"Living people",
"People from Queens, New York",
"Actresses fr... | |
projected-20473962-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda%20Wang | Linda Wang | Early life and education | Linda Hsien Wang (born 19??) is an American actress. She traces her ancestry to Shanghai and Shandong, she was raised in Queens, New York. Also known as Linda Wang, Linda H. Wang and Wáng Xiànlíng (王憲苓). She has been profiled in Chinese-language media in the United States. She currently resides in the Los Angeles area. | At seven years old, Linda Wang began modeling for Kodak film. Later, during her first year in high school, she auditioned for the part of Field Reporter in Pushing Hands. The Oscar award winning director Ang Lee told her she was just too young for the part. They spent half an hour talking about Wang's pen and ink artwo... | [] | [
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projected-20473962-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda%20Wang | Linda Wang | Film | Linda Hsien Wang (born 19??) is an American actress. She traces her ancestry to Shanghai and Shandong, she was raised in Queens, New York. Also known as Linda Wang, Linda H. Wang and Wáng Xiànlíng (王憲苓). She has been profiled in Chinese-language media in the United States. She currently resides in the Los Angeles area. | Linda Wang's Hollywood film career includes a heartbreaking role in Neal Hollander's controversial film Birds of Passage as "Fu Ling" opposite Stacy Keach. The film was banned in certain locations in China due to the One-Child Policy story line, and was instead filmed on location in the Philippines and South China sea.... | [] | [
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projected-20473962-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda%20Wang | Linda Wang | Television | Linda Hsien Wang (born 19??) is an American actress. She traces her ancestry to Shanghai and Shandong, she was raised in Queens, New York. Also known as Linda Wang, Linda H. Wang and Wáng Xiànlíng (王憲苓). She has been profiled in Chinese-language media in the United States. She currently resides in the Los Angeles area. | Wang has appeared on HBO's Deadwood, House M.D., Comedy Central’s The Naked Trucker & the T Bone Show, and the Spanish series Secretos. She also had a cameo role on 8 Simple Rules as David Spade's speed date. For several years, Wang worked on numerous sketch comedy skits on NBC's Late Night with Conan O'Brien show, mo... | [] | [
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projected-20473962-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda%20Wang | Linda Wang | Theatre | Linda Hsien Wang (born 19??) is an American actress. She traces her ancestry to Shanghai and Shandong, she was raised in Queens, New York. Also known as Linda Wang, Linda H. Wang and Wáng Xiànlíng (王憲苓). She has been profiled in Chinese-language media in the United States. She currently resides in the Los Angeles area. | Wang's theatre experience includes starring as Rose Choy in Serenade In Blue written by Tony Award-nominated playwright Jerome Coopersmith, and directed by the Emmy Award-winning director Yanna Kroyt Brandt at the prestigious Lincoln Center Theater, New York City. Linda also starred as Pocahontas in an AEA stage produc... | [] | [
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projected-20473962-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda%20Wang | Linda Wang | Voice-overs | Linda Hsien Wang (born 19??) is an American actress. She traces her ancestry to Shanghai and Shandong, she was raised in Queens, New York. Also known as Linda Wang, Linda H. Wang and Wáng Xiànlíng (王憲苓). She has been profiled in Chinese-language media in the United States. She currently resides in the Los Angeles area. | Linda Wang was the former Citibank worldwide Chinese Mandarin spokesperson for five years. She has also had Chinese Mandarin voice-overs in multiple voice commercials, including the Standard Federal Savings bank, The American Diabetes Foundation, Hepatitis B Foundation, Anti-smoking USA, AT&T, MasterCard, Magellan, ID... | [] | [
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projected-20473962-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda%20Wang | Linda Wang | Music videos | Linda Hsien Wang (born 19??) is an American actress. She traces her ancestry to Shanghai and Shandong, she was raised in Queens, New York. Also known as Linda Wang, Linda H. Wang and Wáng Xiànlíng (王憲苓). She has been profiled in Chinese-language media in the United States. She currently resides in the Los Angeles area. | In 2007, Linda Wang appeared in the music video "Home" for the Irish pop group Westlife. In 2014 you will see Linda Wang in a film starring Flea of the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers called Low Down directed by Jeff Preiss which won the Best Cinematography award at the Sundance Film Festival 2014. | [] | [
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projected-20473962-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda%20Wang | Linda Wang | Modeling | Linda Hsien Wang (born 19??) is an American actress. She traces her ancestry to Shanghai and Shandong, she was raised in Queens, New York. Also known as Linda Wang, Linda H. Wang and Wáng Xiànlíng (王憲苓). She has been profiled in Chinese-language media in the United States. She currently resides in the Los Angeles area. | As a former Miss Teen Pola Asia, Linda Wang is the upcoming spokesmodel for Soho Sportswear for the Asian market. She was asked to design a few items under the Linda Wang Line. Linda Wang worked on a T-Mobile Commercial with Burt Reynolds and Paris Hilton in A Chinese Herb shop. She was quoted as saying Burt Reynold ma... | [] | [
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projected-20473962-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda%20Wang | Linda Wang | Charity work | Linda Hsien Wang (born 19??) is an American actress. She traces her ancestry to Shanghai and Shandong, she was raised in Queens, New York. Also known as Linda Wang, Linda H. Wang and Wáng Xiànlíng (王憲苓). She has been profiled in Chinese-language media in the United States. She currently resides in the Los Angeles area. | Since March 1997, Linda Wang has been a volunteer member promoting "Kids for Kids", the New York City Pediatric AIDS foundation benefit. In Los Angeles, Wang participated in the VERB Campaigns for both Disney and Nickelodeon TV, a program designed to encourage children to take the hour gained from the fall time change ... | [] | [
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projected-44790820-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Kober | Arthur Kober | Introduction | Arthur Kober (August 25, 1900 – June 12, 1975) was an American humorist, author, press agent, and screenwriter. He was married to the dramatist Lillian Hellman. | [] | [
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"Austro-Hungarian emigrants to the Un... | |
projected-44790820-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Kober | Arthur Kober | Early life | Arthur Kober (August 25, 1900 – June 12, 1975) was an American humorist, author, press agent, and screenwriter. He was married to the dramatist Lillian Hellman. | Kober was born into a Jewish family in Brody, Galicia, in what was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire (now part of western Ukraine). His family emigrated to the United States when he was 4. They first moved to Harlem before settling in The Bronx.
He attended the High School Of Commerce (later known as Louis D. Brandeis ... | [] | [
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"Deaths from cancer in New York (state)",
"Austro-Hungarian emigrants to the Un... |
projected-44790820-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Kober | Arthur Kober | Writing career | Arthur Kober (August 25, 1900 – June 12, 1975) was an American humorist, author, press agent, and screenwriter. He was married to the dramatist Lillian Hellman. | Kober began writing humorous short fiction for The New Yorker in 1926 and became a prolific contributor. Many of his characters, such as the husband-hunter Bella Gross, were based on his Jewish upbringing in the Bronx. His New Yorker stories were later collected in the anthologies Thunder Over the Bronx (1935), Pardon ... | [] | [
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"Austro-Hungarian emigrants to the Un... |
projected-44790820-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Kober | Arthur Kober | Screenwriting | Arthur Kober (August 25, 1900 – June 12, 1975) was an American humorist, author, press agent, and screenwriter. He was married to the dramatist Lillian Hellman. | It Pays to Advertise (1931 adaptation)
Up Pops the Devil (1931)
The False Madonna (1931)
The Secret Call (1931)
Me and My Gal (1932)
Make Me a Star (1932 screenplay)
Hat Check Girl (1932)
Guilty as Hell (1932)
Meet the Baron (1933)
Broadway Bad (1933)
One Man's Journey (1933)
It's Great to Be Alive (1933)
Headline Sho... | [] | [
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"Deaths from cancer in New York (state)",
"Austro-Hungarian emigrants to the Un... |
projected-44790820-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Kober | Arthur Kober | Playwriting | Arthur Kober (August 25, 1900 – June 12, 1975) was an American humorist, author, press agent, and screenwriter. He was married to the dramatist Lillian Hellman. | Having Wonderful Time (1937)
Wish You Were Here (1952)
A Mighty Man is He (1960) | [] | [
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projected-44790820-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Kober | Arthur Kober | Television writing | Arthur Kober (August 25, 1900 – June 12, 1975) was an American humorist, author, press agent, and screenwriter. He was married to the dramatist Lillian Hellman. | Leave It to Beaver (1960)
Harrigan and Son (1960)
My Three Sons (1961) | [] | [
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projected-44790820-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Kober | Arthur Kober | Books | Arthur Kober (August 25, 1900 – June 12, 1975) was an American humorist, author, press agent, and screenwriter. He was married to the dramatist Lillian Hellman. | Thunder Over the Bronx (1935)
Pardon Me for Pointing (1939)
My Dear Bella (1941)
Parm Me (1945)
That Man is Here Again: The Adventures of a Hollywood Agent (1946)
Bella, Bella Kissed a Fella (1951)
Oooh, What You Said! (1958) | [] | [
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"Austro-Hungarian emigrants to the Un... |
projected-44790824-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20H.%20Ireland%20House | Charles H. Ireland House | Introduction | Charles H. Ireland House was a historic home located at Greensboro, Guilford County, North Carolina. It was built in 1904, and was a large -story, three bay, granite, brick, and frame structure with Colonial Revival, Classical Revival and Queen Anne style design elements. It featured a pedimented two-story portico wit... | [] | [
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"National Register of... | |
projected-44790824-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20H.%20Ireland%20House | Charles H. Ireland House | References | Charles H. Ireland House was a historic home located at Greensboro, Guilford County, North Carolina. It was built in 1904, and was a large -story, three bay, granite, brick, and frame structure with Colonial Revival, Classical Revival and Queen Anne style design elements. It featured a pedimented two-story portico wit... | Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Category:Queen Anne architecture in North Carolina
Category:Colonial Revival architecture in North Carolina
Category:Neoclassical architecture in North Carolina
Category:Houses completed in 1904
Category:Houses in Greensboro, North Carolina
C... | [] | [
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"National Register of... |
projected-00000308-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Introduction | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | [] | [
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projected-00000308-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Life | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | In general, the details of Aristotle's life are not well-established. The biographies written in ancient times are often speculative and historians only agree on a few salient points.
Aristotle was born in 384 BC in Stagira, Chalcidice, about 55 km (34 miles) east of modern-day Thessaloniki. His father, Nicomachus, wa... | [
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projected-00000308-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Logic | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | With the Prior Analytics, Aristotle is credited with the earliest study of formal logic, and his conception of it was the dominant form of Western logic until 19th-century advances in mathematical logic. Kant stated in the Critique of Pure Reason that with Aristotle logic reached its completion. | [] | [
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projected-00000308-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Organon | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | What is today called Aristotelian logic with its types of syllogism (methods of logical argument), Aristotle himself would have labelled "analytics". The term "logic" he reserved to mean dialectics. Most of Aristotle's work is probably not in its original form, because it was most likely edited by students and later le... | [
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projected-00000308-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Metaphysics | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | The word "metaphysics" appears to have been coined by the first century AD editor who assembled various small selections of Aristotle's works to the treatise we know by the name Metaphysics. Aristotle called it "first philosophy", and distinguished it from mathematics and natural science (physics) as the contemplative ... | [] | [
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projected-00000308-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Substance | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | Aristotle examines the concepts of substance (ousia) and essence (to ti ên einai, "the what it was to be") in his Metaphysics (Book VII), and he concludes that a particular substance is a combination of both matter and form, a philosophical theory called hylomorphism. In Book VIII, he distinguishes the matter of the su... | [] | [
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projected-00000308-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Immanent realism | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | Like his teacher Plato, Aristotle's philosophy aims at the universal. Aristotle's ontology places the universal (katholou) in particulars (kath' hekaston), things in the world, whereas for Plato the universal is a separately existing form which actual things imitate. For Aristotle, "form" is still what phenomena are ba... | [
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projected-00000308-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Potentiality and actuality | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | With regard to the change (kinesis) and its causes now, as he defines in his Physics and On Generation and Corruption 319b–320a, he distinguishes the coming to be from:
growth and diminution, which is change in quantity;
locomotion, which is change in space; and
alteration, which is change in quality.
The coming t... | [
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projected-00000308-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Epistemology | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | Aristotle's immanent realism means his epistemology is based on the study of things that exist or happen in the world, and rises to knowledge of the universal, whereas for Plato epistemology begins with knowledge of universal Forms (or ideas) and descends to knowledge of particular imitations of these. Aristotle uses i... | [] | [
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projected-00000308-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Natural philosophy | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | Aristotle's "natural philosophy" spans a wide range of natural phenomena including those now covered by physics, biology and other natural sciences. In Aristotle's terminology, "natural philosophy" is a branch of philosophy examining the phenomena of the natural world, and includes fields that would be regarded today a... | [] | [
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projected-00000308-012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Five elements | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | In his On Generation and Corruption, Aristotle related each of the four elements proposed earlier by Empedocles, Earth, Water, Air, and Fire, to two of the four sensible qualities, hot, cold, wet, and dry. In the Empedoclean scheme, all matter was made of the four elements, in differing proportions. Aristotle's scheme ... | [] | [
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projected-00000308-013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Motion | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | Aristotle describes two kinds of motion: "violent" or "unnatural motion", such as that of a thrown stone, in the Physics (254b10), and "natural motion", such as of a falling object, in On the Heavens (300a20). In violent motion, as soon as the agent stops causing it, the motion stops also: in other words, the natural s... | [
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projected-00000308-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Four causes | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | Aristotle suggested that the reason for anything coming about can be attributed to four different types of simultaneously active factors. His term aitia is traditionally translated as "cause", but it does not always refer to temporal sequence; it might be better translated as "explanation", but the traditional renderin... | [
"Aristotle's Four Causes of a Table.svg"
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projected-00000308-015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Optics | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | Aristotle describes experiments in optics using a camera obscura in Problems, book 15. The apparatus consisted of a dark chamber with a small aperture that let light in. With it, he saw that whatever shape he made the hole, the sun's image always remained circular. He also noted that increasing the distance between the... | [] | [
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projected-00000308-016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Chance and spontaneity | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | According to Aristotle, spontaneity and chance are causes of some things, distinguishable from other types of cause such as simple necessity. Chance as an incidental cause lies in the realm of accidental things, "from what is spontaneous". There is also more a specific kind of chance, which Aristotle names "luck", that... | [] | [
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projected-00000308-017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Astronomy | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | In astronomy, Aristotle refuted Democritus's claim that the Milky Way was made up of "those stars which are shaded by the earth from the sun's rays," pointing out correctly that if "the size of the sun is greater than that of the earth and the distance of the stars from the earth many times greater than that of the sun... | [] | [
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projected-00000308-018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Geology/Natural Sciences | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | Aristotle was one of the first people to record any geological observations. He stated that geological change was too slow to be observed in one person's lifetime.
The geologist Charles Lyell noted that Aristotle described such change, including "lakes that had dried up" and "deserts that had become watered by rivers",... | [
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projected-00000308-020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Empirical research | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | Aristotle was the first person to study biology systematically, and biology forms a large part of his writings. He spent two years observing and describing the zoology of Lesbos and the surrounding seas, including in particular the Pyrrha lagoon in the centre of Lesbos. His data in History of Animals, Generation of Ani... | [] | [
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projected-00000308-021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Scientific style | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | Aristotle did not do experiments in the modern sense. He used the ancient Greek term pepeiramenoi to mean observations, or at most investigative procedures like dissection. In Generation of Animals, he finds a fertilized hen's egg of a suitable stage and opens it to see the embryo's heart beating inside.
Instead, he p... | [
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projected-00000308-022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Classification of living things | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | Aristotle distinguished about 500 species of animals, arranging these in the History of Animals in a graded scale of perfection, a nonreligious version of the scala naturae, with man at the top. His system had eleven grades of animal, from highest potential to lowest, expressed in their form at birth: the highest gave ... | [
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projected-00000308-024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Soul | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | Aristotle's psychology, given in his treatise On the Soul (peri psychēs), posits three kinds of soul ("psyches"): the vegetative soul, the sensitive soul, and the rational soul. Humans have a rational soul. The human soul incorporates the powers of the other kinds: Like the vegetative soul it can grow and nourish itsel... | [
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projected-00000308-025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Memory | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | According to Aristotle in On the Soul, memory is the ability to hold a perceived experience in the mind and to distinguish between the internal "appearance" and an occurrence in the past. In other words, a memory is a mental picture (phantasm) that can be recovered. Aristotle believed an impression is left on a semi-fl... | [
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projected-00000308-026 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Dreams | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | Aristotle describes sleep in On Sleep and Wakefulness. Sleep takes place as a result of overuse of the senses or of digestion, so it is vital to the body. While a person is asleep, the critical activities, which include thinking, sensing, recalling and remembering, do not function as they do during wakefulness. Since a... | [] | [
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projected-00000308-027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Practical philosophy | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | Aristotle's practical philosophy covers areas such as ethics, politics, economics, and rhetoric. | [] | [
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projected-00000308-028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Ethics | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | Aristotle considered ethics to be a practical rather than theoretical study, i.e., one aimed at becoming good and doing good rather than knowing for its own sake. He wrote several treatises on ethics, including most notably, the Nicomachean Ethics.
Aristotle taught that virtue has to do with the proper function (ergon... | [] | [
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projected-00000308-029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Politics | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | In addition to his works on ethics, which address the individual, Aristotle addressed the city in his work titled Politics. Aristotle considered the city to be a natural community. Moreover, he considered the city to be prior in importance to the family which in turn is prior to the individual, "for the whole must of n... | [
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projected-00000308-030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Economics | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | Aristotle made substantial contributions to economic thought, especially to thought in the Middle Ages. In Politics, Aristotle addresses the city, property, and trade. His response to criticisms of private property, in Lionel Robbins's view, anticipated later proponents of private property among philosophers and econom... | [] | [
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projected-00000308-031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Rhetoric and poetics | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | Aristotle's Rhetoric proposes that a speaker can use three basic kinds of appeals to persuade his audience: ethos (an appeal to the speaker's character), pathos (an appeal to the audience's emotion), and logos (an appeal to logical reasoning). He also categorizes rhetoric into three genres: epideictic (ceremonial speec... | [
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projected-00000308-032 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Views on women | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | Aristotle's analysis of procreation describes an active, ensouling masculine element bringing life to an inert, passive female element. The biological differences are a result of the fact that the female body is well-suited for reproduction, which changes her body temperature, which in turn makes her, in Aristotle's vi... | [] | [
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projected-00000308-033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Influence | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | More than 2300 years after his death, Aristotle remains one of the most influential people who ever lived. He contributed to almost every field of human knowledge then in existence, and he was the founder of many new fields. According to the philosopher Bryan Magee, "it is doubtful whether any human being has ever know... | [] | [
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projected-00000308-034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | On his successor, Theophrastus | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | Aristotle's pupil and successor, Theophrastus, wrote the History of Plants, a pioneering work in botany. Some of his technical terms remain in use, such as carpel from carpos, fruit, and pericarp, from pericarpion, seed chamber.
Theophrastus was much less concerned with formal causes than Aristotle was, instead pragmat... | [
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projected-00000308-035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | On later Greek philosophers | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | The immediate influence of Aristotle's work was felt as the Lyceum grew into the Peripatetic school. Aristotle's students included Aristoxenus, Dicaearchus, Demetrius of Phalerum, Eudemos of Rhodes, Harpalus, Hephaestion, Mnason of Phocis, Nicomachus, and Theophrastus. Aristotle's influence over Alexander the Great is ... | [] | [
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projected-00000308-036 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | On Hellenistic science | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | After Theophrastus, the Lyceum failed to produce any original work. Though interest in Aristotle's ideas survived, they were generally taken unquestioningly. It is not until the age of Alexandria under the Ptolemies that advances in biology can be again found.
The first medical teacher at Alexandria, Herophilus of Cha... | [] | [
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"Ancient Greek biologists",
"Ancient Greek economists",
"Ancient Greek epistemologists",
"A... |
projected-00000308-037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | On Byzantine scholars | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | Greek Christian scribes played a crucial role in the preservation of Aristotle by copying all the extant Greek language manuscripts of the corpus. The first Greek Christians to comment extensively on Aristotle were Philoponus, Elias, and David in the sixth century, and Stephen of Alexandria in the early seventh century... | [] | [
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"Ancient Greek biologists",
"Ancient Greek economists",
"Ancient Greek epistemologists",
"A... |
projected-00000308-038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | On the medieval Islamic world | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | Aristotle was one of the most revered Western thinkers in early Islamic theology. Most of the still extant works of Aristotle, as well as a number of the original Greek commentaries, were translated into Arabic and studied by Muslim philosophers, scientists and scholars. Averroes, Avicenna and Alpharabius, who wrote on... | [
"Arabic aristotle.jpg"
] | [
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"Ancient Greek biologists",
"Ancient Greek economists",
"Ancient Greek epistemologists",
"A... |
projected-00000308-039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | On medieval Europe | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | With the loss of the study of ancient Greek in the early medieval Latin West, Aristotle was practically unknown there from c. AD 600 to c. 1100 except through the Latin translation of the Organon made by Boethius. In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, interest in Aristotle revived and Latin Christians had translatio... | [
"Aristotle and Phyllis.jpg"
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"Acting theorists",
"Ancient Greek biologists",
"Ancient Greek economists",
"Ancient Greek epistemologists",
"A... |
projected-00000308-040 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | On medieval Judaism | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | Moses Maimonides (considered to be the foremost intellectual figure of medieval Judaism) adopted Aristotelianism from the Islamic scholars and based his Guide for the Perplexed on it and that became the basis of Jewish scholastic philosophy. Maimonides also considered Aristotle to be the greatest philosopher that ever ... | [] | [
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"On medieval Judaism"
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"Acting theorists",
"Ancient Greek biologists",
"Ancient Greek economists",
"Ancient Greek epistemologists",
"A... |
projected-00000308-041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | On Early Modern scientists | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | In the Early Modern period, scientists such as William Harvey in England and Galileo Galilei in Italy reacted against the theories of Aristotle and other classical era thinkers like Galen, establishing new theories based to some degree on observation and experiment. Harvey demonstrated the circulation of the blood, est... | [
"William Harvey ( 1578-1657) Venenbild.jpg"
] | [
"Influence",
"On Early Modern scientists"
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"Academic philosophers",
"Acting theorists",
"Ancient Greek biologists",
"Ancient Greek economists",
"Ancient Greek epistemologists",
"A... |
projected-00000308-042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | On 18th/19th-century thinkers | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | The 19th-century German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche has been said to have taken nearly all of his political philosophy from Aristotle. Aristotle rigidly separated action from production, and argued for the deserved subservience of some people ("natural slaves"), and the natural superiority (virtue, arete) of others... | [] | [
"Influence",
"On 18th/19th-century thinkers"
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"4th-century BC writers",
"Academic philosophers",
"Acting theorists",
"Ancient Greek biologists",
"Ancient Greek economists",
"Ancient Greek epistemologists",
"A... |
projected-00000308-043 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Modern rejection and rehabilitation | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | During the 20th century, Aristotle's work was widely criticized. The philosopher Bertrand Russell
argued that "almost every serious intellectual advance has had to begin with an attack on some Aristotelian doctrine". Russell called Aristotle's ethics "repulsive", and labelled his logic "as definitely antiquated as Ptol... | [
"Alexander and Aristotle.jpg"
] | [
"Influence",
"Modern rejection and rehabilitation"
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"4th-century BC writers",
"Academic philosophers",
"Acting theorists",
"Ancient Greek biologists",
"Ancient Greek economists",
"Ancient Greek epistemologists",
"A... |
projected-00000308-045 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Corpus Aristotelicum | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | The works of Aristotle that have survived from antiquity through medieval manuscript transmission are collected in the Corpus Aristotelicum. These texts, as opposed to Aristotle's lost works, are technical philosophical treatises from within Aristotle's school. Reference to them is made according to the organization of... | [
"Aristotelis De Moribus ad Nicomachum.jpg"
] | [
"Surviving works",
"Corpus Aristotelicum"
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"Acting theorists",
"Ancient Greek biologists",
"Ancient Greek economists",
"Ancient Greek epistemologists",
"A... |
projected-00000308-046 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Loss and preservation | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | Aristotle wrote his works on papyrus scrolls, the common writing medium of that era. His writings are divisible into two groups: the "exoteric", intended for the public, and the "esoteric", for use within the Lyceum school. Aristotle's "lost" works stray considerably in characterization from the surviving Aristotelian ... | [] | [
"Surviving works",
"Loss and preservation"
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"Acting theorists",
"Ancient Greek biologists",
"Ancient Greek economists",
"Ancient Greek epistemologists",
"A... |
projected-00000308-048 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Depictions | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | Paintings
Aristotle has been depicted by major artists including Lucas Cranach the Elder, Justus van Gent, Raphael, Paolo Veronese, Jusepe de Ribera, Rembrandt, and Francesco Hayez over the centuries. Among the best-known depictions is Raphael's fresco The School of Athens, in the Vatican's Apostolic Palace, where the... | [] | [
"Legacy",
"Depictions"
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"Aristotle",
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"Acting theorists",
"Ancient Greek biologists",
"Ancient Greek economists",
"Ancient Greek epistemologists",
"A... |
projected-00000308-049 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Eponyms | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | The Aristotle Mountains in Antarctica are named after Aristotle. He was the first person known to conjecture, in his book Meteorology, the existence of a landmass in the southern high-latitude region and called it Antarctica. Aristoteles is a crater on the Moon bearing the classical form of Aristotle's name. | [] | [
"Legacy",
"Eponyms"
] | [
"Aristotle",
"Aristotelianism",
"384 BC births",
"322 BC deaths",
"4th-century BC mathematicians",
"4th-century BC philosophers",
"4th-century BC writers",
"Academic philosophers",
"Acting theorists",
"Ancient Greek biologists",
"Ancient Greek economists",
"Ancient Greek epistemologists",
"A... |
projected-00000308-050 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | See also | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | Aristotelian Society
Aristotle's Biology
Conimbricenses
Perfectionism | [] | [
"See also"
] | [
"Aristotle",
"Aristotelianism",
"384 BC births",
"322 BC deaths",
"4th-century BC mathematicians",
"4th-century BC philosophers",
"4th-century BC writers",
"Academic philosophers",
"Acting theorists",
"Ancient Greek biologists",
"Ancient Greek economists",
"Ancient Greek epistemologists",
"A... |
projected-00000308-055 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle | Aristotle | Further reading | Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zo... | The secondary literature on Aristotle is vast. The following is only a small selection.
Ackrill, J. L. (1997). Essays on Plato and Aristotle, Oxford University Press.
These translations are available in several places online; see External links.
Bakalis, Nikolaos. (2005). Handbook of Greek Philosophy: From T... | [] | [
"Further reading"
] | [
"Aristotle",
"Aristotelianism",
"384 BC births",
"322 BC deaths",
"4th-century BC mathematicians",
"4th-century BC philosophers",
"4th-century BC writers",
"Academic philosophers",
"Acting theorists",
"Ancient Greek biologists",
"Ancient Greek economists",
"Ancient Greek epistemologists",
"A... |
projected-44790828-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.%20Rajandram | S. Rajandram | Introduction | Sinnathamby Rajandram (30 November 1903 – 12 September 1965) was a Ceylon Tamil businessman and one of the founders of Capital Maharaja Organisation, one of the largest conglomerates in Sri Lanka. His son R. Rajamahendran was also prominent businessman and media personality who went onto serve as the chairman of Capita... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1903 births",
"1965 deaths",
"Alumni of Jaffna Hindu College",
"People of British Ceylon",
"Sri Lankan Tamil businesspeople",
"Sri Lankan people of Malaysian descent"
] | |
projected-44790828-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.%20Rajandram | S. Rajandram | Early life and family | Sinnathamby Rajandram (30 November 1903 – 12 September 1965) was a Ceylon Tamil businessman and one of the founders of Capital Maharaja Organisation, one of the largest conglomerates in Sri Lanka. His son R. Rajamahendran was also prominent businessman and media personality who went onto serve as the chairman of Capita... | Rajandram was born on 30 November 1903. He was the son of Sinnatamby, an employee of the Medical Department in Kuala Lumpur, Malaya. He had his early education in Malaya before his family moved to Ceylon. He was then educated at the Jaffna Hindu College.
Rajandram married Chellammah, daughter of Sittampalam from Kokku... | [] | [
"Early life and family"
] | [
"1903 births",
"1965 deaths",
"Alumni of Jaffna Hindu College",
"People of British Ceylon",
"Sri Lankan Tamil businesspeople",
"Sri Lankan people of Malaysian descent"
] |
projected-44790828-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.%20Rajandram | S. Rajandram | Career | Sinnathamby Rajandram (30 November 1903 – 12 September 1965) was a Ceylon Tamil businessman and one of the founders of Capital Maharaja Organisation, one of the largest conglomerates in Sri Lanka. His son R. Rajamahendran was also prominent businessman and media personality who went onto serve as the chairman of Capita... | After finishing education Rajandram and his school friend S. Mahadevan joined Beer and Co. as guarantee brokers. Rajandram was appointed assistant general manager of the company after it was taken over by Dodge and Seymour in 1935. He became general manager three years later.
After the company ceased trading in Ceylo... | [] | [
"Career"
] | [
"1903 births",
"1965 deaths",
"Alumni of Jaffna Hindu College",
"People of British Ceylon",
"Sri Lankan Tamil businesspeople",
"Sri Lankan people of Malaysian descent"
] |
projected-44790828-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.%20Rajandram | S. Rajandram | References | Sinnathamby Rajandram (30 November 1903 – 12 September 1965) was a Ceylon Tamil businessman and one of the founders of Capital Maharaja Organisation, one of the largest conglomerates in Sri Lanka. His son R. Rajamahendran was also prominent businessman and media personality who went onto serve as the chairman of Capita... | Category:1903 births
Category:1965 deaths
Category:Alumni of Jaffna Hindu College
Category:People of British Ceylon
Category:Sri Lankan Tamil businesspeople
Category:Sri Lankan people of Malaysian descent | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"1903 births",
"1965 deaths",
"Alumni of Jaffna Hindu College",
"People of British Ceylon",
"Sri Lankan Tamil businesspeople",
"Sri Lankan people of Malaysian descent"
] |
projected-44790835-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott%20Cartwright | Scott Cartwright | Introduction | Scott Calvert Cartwright (born 7 January 1954) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. A wing, Cartwright represented Canterbury at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, on their 1976 tour of South America. He played seven matches for the team on that tour including ... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1954 births",
"Living people",
"Rugby union players from Christchurch",
"People educated at St Andrew's College, Christchurch",
"New Zealand rugby union players",
"New Zealand international rugby union players",
"Canterbury rugby union players",
"Rugby union wings"
] | |
projected-44790835-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott%20Cartwright | Scott Cartwright | References | Scott Calvert Cartwright (born 7 January 1954) is a former New Zealand rugby union player. A wing, Cartwright represented Canterbury at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, on their 1976 tour of South America. He played seven matches for the team on that tour including ... | Category:1954 births
Category:Living people
Category:Rugby union players from Christchurch
Category:People educated at St Andrew's College, Christchurch
Category:New Zealand rugby union players
Category:New Zealand international rugby union players
Category:Canterbury rugby union players
Category:Rugby union wings | [] | [
"References"
] | [
"1954 births",
"Living people",
"Rugby union players from Christchurch",
"People educated at St Andrew's College, Christchurch",
"New Zealand rugby union players",
"New Zealand international rugby union players",
"Canterbury rugby union players",
"Rugby union wings"
] |
projected-06904082-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahudi | Yahudi | Introduction | Yahudi (), is a 1958 Hindi-language action drama film directed by Bimal Roy. It starred Dilip Kumar, Meena Kumari, Sohrab Modi, Nazir Hussain, Nigar Sultana and others. It was based on the play Yahudi Ki Ladki by Agha Hashar Kashmiri, a classic in Parsi-Urdu theatre, about persecution of Jews in the Roman Empire. Alth... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"1950s Hindi-language films",
"1958 films",
"Films scored by Shankar–Jaikishan",
"Films directed by Bimal Roy",
"Films set in the Roman Empire",
"Indian historical drama films",
"Films about royalty",
"Films about antisemitism",
"Indian films based on plays",
"Indian epic films",
"Historical epi... | |
projected-06904082-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahudi | Yahudi | Plot | Yahudi (), is a 1958 Hindi-language action drama film directed by Bimal Roy. It starred Dilip Kumar, Meena Kumari, Sohrab Modi, Nazir Hussain, Nigar Sultana and others. It was based on the play Yahudi Ki Ladki by Agha Hashar Kashmiri, a classic in Parsi-Urdu theatre, about persecution of Jews in the Roman Empire. Alth... | Ezra (Sohrab Modi) is a jeweller who has a son called Elijah. He also has a friendly butler/childminder called Emmanuel. In the beginning, Ezra is due to leave. As he does, Elijah becomes upset and stands at the balcony. In the roads of the Jewish area, Brutus (Nazir Hussain), Governor of Rome, is passing, making an an... | [] | [
"Plot"
] | [
"1950s Hindi-language films",
"1958 films",
"Films scored by Shankar–Jaikishan",
"Films directed by Bimal Roy",
"Films set in the Roman Empire",
"Indian historical drama films",
"Films about royalty",
"Films about antisemitism",
"Indian films based on plays",
"Indian epic films",
"Historical epi... |
projected-06904082-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahudi | Yahudi | Cast | Yahudi (), is a 1958 Hindi-language action drama film directed by Bimal Roy. It starred Dilip Kumar, Meena Kumari, Sohrab Modi, Nazir Hussain, Nigar Sultana and others. It was based on the play Yahudi Ki Ladki by Agha Hashar Kashmiri, a classic in Parsi-Urdu theatre, about persecution of Jews in the Roman Empire. Alth... | Sohrab Modi as Ezra Johari
Dilip Kumar as Shehzada Marcus
Meena Kumari as Hannah / Lydia
Nigar Sultana as Shehzadi Octavia
Nazir hussain as Brutus
Anwar hussain as Antonio
Minu Mumtaz as Ruth
Tiwari as Emmanuel
Murad as Emperor Julius Caesar
Indira as Yasmine
Adil
Bikram kapoor as Leo
Baby Naaz as Young Lydia
Romi as ... | [] | [
"Cast"
] | [
"1950s Hindi-language films",
"1958 films",
"Films scored by Shankar–Jaikishan",
"Films directed by Bimal Roy",
"Films set in the Roman Empire",
"Indian historical drama films",
"Films about royalty",
"Films about antisemitism",
"Indian films based on plays",
"Indian epic films",
"Historical epi... |
projected-26726914-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20parasites%20of%20the%20marsh%20rice%20rat | List of parasites of the marsh rice rat | Introduction | A variety of parasites have been recorded from the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris), a semiaquatic rodent found in the eastern and southern United States, north to New Jersey and Kansas and south to Florida and Texas, and in Tamaulipas, far northeastern Mexico. Some of these parasites are endoparasites, internal par... | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Oryzomyini",
"Parasites of rodents"
] | |
projected-26726914-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20parasites%20of%20the%20marsh%20rice%20rat | List of parasites of the marsh rice rat | Acari | A variety of parasites have been recorded from the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris), a semiaquatic rodent found in the eastern and southern United States, north to New Jersey and Kansas and south to Florida and Texas, and in Tamaulipas, far northeastern Mexico. Some of these parasites are endoparasites, internal par... | The Acari include the mites and ticks. Many are parasites of other animals. One study in South Carolina failed to find ticks on marsh rice rats living in marshes, which are an unsuitable habitat for the parasites. | [] | [
"Ectoparasites",
"Acari"
] | [
"Oryzomyini",
"Parasites of rodents"
] |
projected-26726914-004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20parasites%20of%20the%20marsh%20rice%20rat | List of parasites of the marsh rice rat | Anoplura | A variety of parasites have been recorded from the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris), a semiaquatic rodent found in the eastern and southern United States, north to New Jersey and Kansas and south to Florida and Texas, and in Tamaulipas, far northeastern Mexico. Some of these parasites are endoparasites, internal par... | Sucking lice (Anoplura) are a diverse group infecting placental mammals. Species found on marsh rice rats include three of the common genus Hoplopleura and Polyplax spinulosa, which more usually infects black and brown rats. | [] | [
"Ectoparasites",
"Anoplura"
] | [
"Oryzomyini",
"Parasites of rodents"
] |
projected-26726914-005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20parasites%20of%20the%20marsh%20rice%20rat | List of parasites of the marsh rice rat | Siphonaptera | A variety of parasites have been recorded from the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris), a semiaquatic rodent found in the eastern and southern United States, north to New Jersey and Kansas and south to Florida and Texas, and in Tamaulipas, far northeastern Mexico. Some of these parasites are endoparasites, internal par... | Fleas (Siphonaptera) are common parasites of vertebrates, mainly mammals. Several species of fleas have been found on the marsh rice rat. | [] | [
"Ectoparasites",
"Siphonaptera"
] | [
"Oryzomyini",
"Parasites of rodents"
] |
projected-26726914-006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20parasites%20of%20the%20marsh%20rice%20rat | List of parasites of the marsh rice rat | Endoparasites | A variety of parasites have been recorded from the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris), a semiaquatic rodent found in the eastern and southern United States, north to New Jersey and Kansas and south to Florida and Texas, and in Tamaulipas, far northeastern Mexico. Some of these parasites are endoparasites, internal par... | Unless otherwise specified, all information in this section is from Kinsella (1988, table 1). | [] | [
"Endoparasites"
] | [
"Oryzomyini",
"Parasites of rodents"
] |
projected-26726914-007 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20parasites%20of%20the%20marsh%20rice%20rat | List of parasites of the marsh rice rat | Nematoda | A variety of parasites have been recorded from the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris), a semiaquatic rodent found in the eastern and southern United States, north to New Jersey and Kansas and south to Florida and Texas, and in Tamaulipas, far northeastern Mexico. Some of these parasites are endoparasites, internal par... | Nematodes are among the largest animal phyla and include at least 12,000 known species that are parasites of vertebrates. In Kinsella's 1988 study in Florida, species diversity was higher in the saltwater marsh (Cedar Key) than the freshwater marsh (Paynes Prairie), but nematodes at Paynes Prairie occurred more commonl... | [] | [
"Endoparasites",
"Nematoda"
] | [
"Oryzomyini",
"Parasites of rodents"
] |
projected-26726914-008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20parasites%20of%20the%20marsh%20rice%20rat | List of parasites of the marsh rice rat | Cestoda | A variety of parasites have been recorded from the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris), a semiaquatic rodent found in the eastern and southern United States, north to New Jersey and Kansas and south to Florida and Texas, and in Tamaulipas, far northeastern Mexico. Some of these parasites are endoparasites, internal par... | Four tapeworms are known from the marsh rice rat, all in Florida, but three of those are usually found in other species and only rarely in the rice rat. | [] | [
"Endoparasites",
"Cestoda"
] | [
"Oryzomyini",
"Parasites of rodents"
] |
projected-26726914-009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20parasites%20of%20the%20marsh%20rice%20rat | List of parasites of the marsh rice rat | Digenea | A variety of parasites have been recorded from the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris), a semiaquatic rodent found in the eastern and southern United States, north to New Jersey and Kansas and south to Florida and Texas, and in Tamaulipas, far northeastern Mexico. Some of these parasites are endoparasites, internal par... | Flukes (Trematoda) from the subclass Digenea are common parasites of small mammals with complex life cycles. In his 1988 study, Kinsella found an unprecedented 21 species of trematodes in Florida marsh rice rats. The intermediate hosts of these trematodes include a variety of invertebrates, fish, and amphibians, which ... | [] | [
"Endoparasites",
"Digenea"
] | [
"Oryzomyini",
"Parasites of rodents"
] |
projected-26726914-010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20parasites%20of%20the%20marsh%20rice%20rat | List of parasites of the marsh rice rat | Pentastomida | A variety of parasites have been recorded from the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris), a semiaquatic rodent found in the eastern and southern United States, north to New Jersey and Kansas and south to Florida and Texas, and in Tamaulipas, far northeastern Mexico. Some of these parasites are endoparasites, internal par... | Pentastomida is an enigmatic group of parasites that may be related to maxillopod crustaceans. One species, Porocephalus crotali, is known from the marsh rice rat. It infects various mammals in the southeastern United States, which serve as intermediate hosts; snakes which eat those mammals are the definitive hosts. | [] | [
"Endoparasites",
"Pentastomida"
] | [
"Oryzomyini",
"Parasites of rodents"
] |
projected-26726914-011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20parasites%20of%20the%20marsh%20rice%20rat | List of parasites of the marsh rice rat | Apicomplexa | A variety of parasites have been recorded from the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris), a semiaquatic rodent found in the eastern and southern United States, north to New Jersey and Kansas and south to Florida and Texas, and in Tamaulipas, far northeastern Mexico. Some of these parasites are endoparasites, internal par... | Apicomplexa is a major group of unicellular eukaryotes that encompasses several important parasites, including the malaria parasite Plasmodium. Three species are known from the marsh rice rat, all of which belong to the Eimerina clade. Two are in the genus Eimeria, members of which cause the economically significant di... | [] | [
"Endoparasites",
"Apicomplexa"
] | [
"Oryzomyini",
"Parasites of rodents"
] |
projected-26726914-014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20parasites%20of%20the%20marsh%20rice%20rat | List of parasites of the marsh rice rat | Literature cited | A variety of parasites have been recorded from the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris), a semiaquatic rodent found in the eastern and southern United States, north to New Jersey and Kansas and south to Florida and Texas, and in Tamaulipas, far northeastern Mexico. Some of these parasites are endoparasites, internal par... | Borror, Donald J., and White, Richard E. 1970. A Field Guide to the Insects. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Diaw, O.T. 1976. Contribution a l'etude de nematodes Trichostrongyloidea parasites de xenarthre, marsupiaux et rongeurs neotropicaux. Bulletin de la Muséum National de la Histoire Naturel de Paris (Zo... | [] | [
"Literature cited"
] | [
"Oryzomyini",
"Parasites of rodents"
] |
projected-26726918-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allentown%2C%20Illinois | Allentown, Illinois | Introduction | Allentown is an unincorporated community in Tazewell County, Illinois, United States.
Allentown is in the Tremont Township, though it is much closer to Mackinaw than to Tremont.
Allentown is northwest of Mackinaw and northeast of Tremont. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Unincorporated communities in Tazewell County, Illinois",
"Unincorporated communities in Illinois",
"Peoria metropolitan area, Illinois"
] | |
projected-26726918-001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allentown%2C%20Illinois | Allentown, Illinois | History | Allentown is an unincorporated community in Tazewell County, Illinois, United States.
Allentown is in the Tremont Township, though it is much closer to Mackinaw than to Tremont.
Allentown is northwest of Mackinaw and northeast of Tremont. | The community derives its name from one Edward James Allen (1810-1889).
The name “Allentown” first appears on the Tremont Township plat map found in the 1891 Tazewell County atlas.
According to local lore, Mr. Allen had made up the name "Allentown" in 1873 in order to appease the railroad shipping clerk who required ... | [] | [
"History"
] | [
"Unincorporated communities in Tazewell County, Illinois",
"Unincorporated communities in Illinois",
"Peoria metropolitan area, Illinois"
] |
projected-26726918-002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allentown%2C%20Illinois | Allentown, Illinois | Geography | Allentown is an unincorporated community in Tazewell County, Illinois, United States.
Allentown is in the Tremont Township, though it is much closer to Mackinaw than to Tremont.
Allentown is northwest of Mackinaw and northeast of Tremont. | Allentown is located at (40.555833, -89.396667). | [] | [
"Geography"
] | [
"Unincorporated communities in Tazewell County, Illinois",
"Unincorporated communities in Illinois",
"Peoria metropolitan area, Illinois"
] |
projected-26726918-003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allentown%2C%20Illinois | Allentown, Illinois | Demographics | Allentown is an unincorporated community in Tazewell County, Illinois, United States.
Allentown is in the Tremont Township, though it is much closer to Mackinaw than to Tremont.
Allentown is northwest of Mackinaw and northeast of Tremont. | Since Allentown is an unincorporated community, the official population is not known. However, Allentown is made up of approximately 24 houses, which gives an unofficial population somewhere between 50 and 100. | [] | [
"Demographics"
] | [
"Unincorporated communities in Tazewell County, Illinois",
"Unincorporated communities in Illinois",
"Peoria metropolitan area, Illinois"
] |
projected-26726935-000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenonympha%20corinna | Coenonympha corinna | Introduction | Coenonympha corinna, the Corsican heath, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae
It is found on the Mediterranean islands of Corsica, Sardinia, Elba, and Giannutri. | [] | [
"Introduction"
] | [
"Coenonympha",
"Butterflies of Europe",
"Butterflies described in 1804"
] |