problem stringlengths 10 5.15k | answer dict |
|---|---|
Compute the side length of the largest cube contained in the region $\{(x, y, z): x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2} \leq 25 \text{ and } x \geq 0\}$ of three-dimensional space. | {
"answer": "\\frac{5 \\sqrt{6}}{3}",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
All subscripts in this problem are to be considered modulo 6 , that means for example that $\omega_{7}$ is the same as $\omega_{1}$. Let $\omega_{1}, \ldots \omega_{6}$ be circles of radius $r$, whose centers lie on a regular hexagon of side length 1 . Let $P_{i}$ be the intersection of $\omega_{i}$ and $\omega_{i+1}$ that lies further from the center of the hexagon, for $i=1, \ldots 6$. Let $Q_{i}, i=1 \ldots 6$, lie on $\omega_{i}$ such that $Q_{i}, P_{i}, Q_{i+1}$ are colinear. Find the number of possible values of $r$. | {
"answer": "5",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
A tourist is learning an incorrect way to sort a permutation $(p_{1}, \ldots, p_{n})$ of the integers $(1, \ldots, n)$. We define a fix on two adjacent elements $p_{i}$ and $p_{i+1}$, to be an operation which swaps the two elements if $p_{i}>p_{i+1}$, and does nothing otherwise. The tourist performs $n-1$ rounds of fixes, numbered $a=1,2, \ldots, n-1$. In round $a$ of fixes, the tourist fixes $p_{a}$ and $p_{a+1}$, then $p_{a+1}$ and $p_{a+2}$, and so on, up to $p_{n-1}$ and $p_{n}$. In this process, there are $(n-1)+(n-2)+\cdots+1=\frac{n(n-1)}{2}$ total fixes performed. How many permutations of $(1, \ldots, 2018)$ can the tourist start with to obtain $(1, \ldots, 2018)$ after performing these steps? | {
"answer": "1009! \\cdot 1010!",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Let $p>2$ be a prime number. $\mathbb{F}_{p}[x]$ is defined as the set of all polynomials in $x$ with coefficients in $\mathbb{F}_{p}$ (the integers modulo $p$ with usual addition and subtraction), so that two polynomials are equal if and only if the coefficients of $x^{k}$ are equal in $\mathbb{F}_{p}$ for each nonnegative integer $k$. For example, $(x+2)(2 x+3)=2 x^{2}+2 x+1$ in $\mathbb{F}_{5}[x]$ because the corresponding coefficients are equal modulo 5 . Let $f, g \in \mathbb{F}_{p}[x]$. The pair $(f, g)$ is called compositional if $$f(g(x)) \equiv x^{p^{2}}-x$$ in $\mathbb{F}_{p}[x]$. Find, with proof, the number of compositional pairs (in terms of $p$ ). | {
"answer": "4 p(p-1)",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
A single-elimination ping-pong tournament has $2^{2013}$ players, seeded in order of ability. If the player with seed $x$ plays the player with seed $y$, then it is possible for $x$ to win if and only if $x \leq y+3$. For how many players $P$ it is possible for $P$ to win? (In each round of a single elimination tournament, the remaining players are randomly paired up; each player plays against the other player in his pair, with the winner from each pair progressing to the next round and the loser eliminated. This is repeated until there is only one player remaining.) | {
"answer": "6038",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Your math friend Steven rolls five fair icosahedral dice (each of which is labelled $1,2, \ldots, 20$ on its sides). He conceals the results but tells you that at least half of the rolls are 20. Assuming that Steven is truthful, what is the probability that all three remaining concealed dice show $20 ?$ | {
"answer": "\\frac{1}{58}",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
We have a calculator with two buttons that displays an integer $x$. Pressing the first button replaces $x$ by $\left\lfloor\frac{x}{2}\right\rfloor$, and pressing the second button replaces $x$ by $4 x+1$. Initially, the calculator displays 0. How many integers less than or equal to 2014 can be achieved through a sequence of arbitrary button presses? (It is permitted for the number displayed to exceed 2014 during the sequence. Here, $\lfloor y\rfloor$ denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to the real number $y$.) | {
"answer": "233",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
A peacock is a ten-digit positive integer that uses each digit exactly once. Compute the number of peacocks that are exactly twice another peacock. | {
"answer": "184320",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
How many ways can you mark 8 squares of an $8 \times 8$ chessboard so that no two marked squares are in the same row or column, and none of the four corner squares is marked? (Rotations and reflections are considered different.) | {
"answer": "21600",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
It is known that exactly one of the three (distinguishable) musketeers stole the truffles. Each musketeer makes one statement, in which he either claims that one of the three is guilty, or claims that one of the three is innocent. It is possible for two or more of the musketeers to make the same statement. After hearing their claims, and knowing that exactly one musketeer lied, the inspector is able to deduce who stole the truffles. How many ordered triplets of statements could have been made? | {
"answer": "99",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Andrea flips a fair coin repeatedly, continuing until she either flips two heads in a row (the sequence $H H$ ) or flips tails followed by heads (the sequence $T H$ ). What is the probability that she will stop after flipping $H H$ ? | {
"answer": "1/4",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
One hundred people are in line to see a movie. Each person wants to sit in the front row, which contains one hundred seats, and each has a favorite seat, chosen randomly and independently. They enter the row one at a time from the far right. As they walk, if they reach their favorite seat, they sit, but to avoid stepping over people, if they encounter a person already seated, they sit to that person's right. If the seat furthest to the right is already taken, they sit in a different row. What is the most likely number of people that will get to sit in the first row? | {
"answer": "10",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
A best-of-9 series is to be played between two teams; that is, the first team to win 5 games is the winner. The Mathletes have a chance of $2 / 3$ of winning any given game. What is the probability that exactly 7 games will need to be played to determine a winner? | {
"answer": "20/81",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
A moth starts at vertex $A$ of a certain cube and is trying to get to vertex $B$, which is opposite $A$, in five or fewer "steps," where a step consists in traveling along an edge from one vertex to another. The moth will stop as soon as it reaches $B$. How many ways can the moth achieve its objective? | {
"answer": "48",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Given a $9 \times 9$ chess board, we consider all the rectangles whose edges lie along grid lines (the board consists of 81 unit squares, and the grid lines lie on the borders of the unit squares). For each such rectangle, we put a mark in every one of the unit squares inside it. When this process is completed, how many unit squares will contain an even number of marks? | {
"answer": "56",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Fifteen freshmen are sitting in a circle around a table, but the course assistant (who remains standing) has made only six copies of today's handout. No freshman should get more than one handout, and any freshman who does not get one should be able to read a neighbor's. If the freshmen are distinguishable but the handouts are not, how many ways are there to distribute the six handouts subject to the above conditions? | {
"answer": "125",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
For positive integers $x$, let $g(x)$ be the number of blocks of consecutive 1's in the binary expansion of $x$. For example, $g(19)=2$ because $19=10011_{2}$ has a block of one 1 at the beginning and a block of two 1's at the end, and $g(7)=1$ because $7=111_{2}$ only has a single block of three 1's. Compute $g(1)+g(2)+g(3)+\cdots+g(256)$. | {
"answer": "577",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Each unit square of a $4 \times 4$ square grid is colored either red, green, or blue. Over all possible colorings of the grid, what is the maximum possible number of L-trominos that contain exactly one square of each color? | {
"answer": "18",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Calvin has a bag containing 50 red balls, 50 blue balls, and 30 yellow balls. Given that after pulling out 65 balls at random (without replacement), he has pulled out 5 more red balls than blue balls, what is the probability that the next ball he pulls out is red? | {
"answer": "\\frac{9}{26}",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
What is the probability that in a randomly chosen arrangement of the numbers and letters in "HMMT2005," one can read either "HMMT" or "2005" from left to right? | {
"answer": "23/144",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Compute the number of ways there are to assemble 2 red unit cubes and 25 white unit cubes into a $3 \times 3 \times 3$ cube such that red is visible on exactly 4 faces of the larger cube. (Rotations and reflections are considered distinct.) | {
"answer": "114",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Let $n$ be a positive integer, and let Pushover be a game played by two players, standing squarely facing each other, pushing each other, where the first person to lose balance loses. At the HMPT, $2^{n+1}$ competitors, numbered 1 through $2^{n+1}$ clockwise, stand in a circle. They are equals in Pushover: whenever two of them face off, each has a $50 \%$ probability of victory. The tournament unfolds in $n+1$ rounds. In each round, the referee randomly chooses one of the surviving players, and the players pair off going clockwise, starting from the chosen one. Each pair faces off in Pushover, and the losers leave the circle. What is the probability that players 1 and $2^{n}$ face each other in the last round? Express your answer in terms of $n$. | {
"answer": "\\frac{2^{n}-1}{8^{n}}",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
The country of HMMTLand has 8 cities. Its government decides to construct several two-way roads between pairs of distinct cities. After they finish construction, it turns out that each city can reach exactly 3 other cities via a single road, and from any pair of distinct cities, either exactly 0 or 2 other cities can be reached from both cities by a single road. Compute the number of ways HMMTLand could have constructed the roads. | {
"answer": "875",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Let $S=\{1,2, \ldots, 9\}$. Compute the number of functions $f: S \rightarrow S$ such that, for all $s \in S, f(f(f(s)))=s$ and $f(s)-s$ is not divisible by 3. | {
"answer": "288",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Sally the snail sits on the $3 \times 24$ lattice of points $(i, j)$ for all $1 \leq i \leq 3$ and $1 \leq j \leq 24$. She wants to visit every point in the lattice exactly once. In a move, Sally can move to a point in the lattice exactly one unit away. Given that Sally starts at $(2,1)$, compute the number of possible paths Sally can take. | {
"answer": "4096",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
We have a polyhedron such that an ant can walk from one vertex to another, traveling only along edges, and traversing every edge exactly once. What is the smallest possible total number of vertices, edges, and faces of this polyhedron? | {
"answer": "20",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Compute the number of ways to fill each cell in a $8 \times 8$ square grid with one of the letters $H, M$, or $T$ such that every $2 \times 2$ square in the grid contains the letters $H, M, M, T$ in some order. | {
"answer": "1076",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
There are three pairs of real numbers \left(x_{1}, y_{1}\right),\left(x_{2}, y_{2}\right), and \left(x_{3}, y_{3}\right) that satisfy both $x^{3}-3 x y^{2}=2005$ and $y^{3}-3 x^{2} y=2004$. Compute \left(1-\frac{x_{1}}{y_{1}}\right)\left(1-\frac{x_{2}}{y_{2}}\right)\left(1-\frac{x_{3}}{y_{3}}\right). | {
"answer": "1/1002",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Doug and Ryan are competing in the 2005 Wiffle Ball Home Run Derby. In each round, each player takes a series of swings. Each swing results in either a home run or an out, and an out ends the series. When Doug swings, the probability that he will hit a home run is $1 / 3$. When Ryan swings, the probability that he will hit a home run is $1 / 2$. In one round, what is the probability that Doug will hit more home runs than Ryan hits? | {
"answer": "1/5",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Let $f: \mathbb{N} \rightarrow \mathbb{N}$ be a strictly increasing function such that $f(1)=1$ and $f(2n)f(2n+1)=9f(n)^{2}+3f(n)$ for all $n \in \mathbb{N}$. Compute $f(137)$. | {
"answer": "2215",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Anne-Marie has a deck of 16 cards, each with a distinct positive factor of 2002 written on it. She shuffles the deck and begins to draw cards from the deck without replacement. She stops when there exists a nonempty subset of the cards in her hand whose numbers multiply to a perfect square. What is the expected number of cards in her hand when she stops? | {
"answer": "\\frac{837}{208}",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Let $f(n)$ be the largest prime factor of $n$. Estimate $$N=\left\lfloor 10^{4} \cdot \frac{\sum_{n=2}^{10^{6}} f\left(n^{2}-1\right)}{\sum_{n=2}^{10^{6}} f(n)}\right\rfloor$$ An estimate of $E$ will receive $\max \left(0,\left\lfloor 20-20\left(\frac{|E-N|}{10^{3}}\right)^{1 / 3}\right\rfloor\right)$ points. | {
"answer": "18215",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
How many positive integers less than or equal to 240 can be expressed as a sum of distinct factorials? Consider 0 ! and 1 ! to be distinct. | {
"answer": "39",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Our next object up for bid is an arithmetic progression of primes. For example, the primes 3,5, and 7 form an arithmetic progression of length 3. What is the largest possible length of an arithmetic progression formed of positive primes less than 1,000,000? Be prepared to justify your answer. | {
"answer": "12",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Let $A B C$ be a triangle such that $A B=13, B C=14, C A=15$ and let $E, F$ be the feet of the altitudes from $B$ and $C$, respectively. Let the circumcircle of triangle $A E F$ be $\omega$. We draw three lines, tangent to the circumcircle of triangle $A E F$ at $A, E$, and $F$. Compute the area of the triangle these three lines determine. | {
"answer": "\\frac{462}{5}",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Compute the number of triples $(f, g, h)$ of permutations on $\{1,2,3,4,5\}$ such that $$ \begin{aligned} & f(g(h(x)))=h(g(f(x)))=g(x), \\ & g(h(f(x)))=f(h(g(x)))=h(x), \text { and } \\ & h(f(g(x)))=g(f(h(x)))=f(x) \end{aligned} $$ for all $x \in\{1,2,3,4,5\}$. | {
"answer": "146",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
In each cell of a $4 \times 4$ grid, one of the two diagonals is drawn uniformly at random. Compute the probability that the resulting 32 triangular regions can be colored red and blue so that any two regions sharing an edge have different colors. | {
"answer": "\\frac{1}{512}",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Find the minimum possible value of the largest of $x y, 1-x-y+x y$, and $x+y-2 x y$ if $0 \leq x \leq y \leq 1$. | {
"answer": "\\frac{4}{9}",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Define the sequence $a_{1}, a_{2} \ldots$ as follows: $a_{1}=1$ and for every $n \geq 2$, $a_{n}= \begin{cases}n-2 & \text { if } a_{n-1}=0 \\ a_{n-1}-1 & \text { if } a_{n-1} \neq 0\end{cases}$. A non-negative integer $d$ is said to be jet-lagged if there are non-negative integers $r, s$ and a positive integer $n$ such that $d=r+s$ and that $a_{n+r}=a_{n}+s$. How many integers in $\{1,2, \ldots, 2016\}$ are jet-lagged? | {
"answer": "51",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Kristoff is planning to transport a number of indivisible ice blocks with positive integer weights from the north mountain to Arendelle. He knows that when he reaches Arendelle, Princess Anna and Queen Elsa will name an ordered pair $(p, q)$ of nonnegative integers satisfying $p+q \leq 2016$. Kristoff must then give Princess Anna exactly $p$ kilograms of ice. Afterward, he must give Queen Elsa exactly $q$ kilograms of ice. What is the minimum number of blocks of ice Kristoff must carry to guarantee that he can always meet Anna and Elsa's demands, regardless of which $p$ and $q$ are chosen? | {
"answer": "18",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Let $f(n)$ be the largest prime factor of $n^{2}+1$. Compute the least positive integer $n$ such that $f(f(n))=n$. | {
"answer": "89",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
There are 100 people in a room with ages $1,2, \ldots, 100$. A pair of people is called cute if each of them is at least seven years older than half the age of the other person in the pair. At most how many pairwise disjoint cute pairs can be formed in this room? | {
"answer": "43",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Max repeatedly throws a fair coin in a hurricane. For each throw, there is a $4 \%$ chance that the coin gets blown away. He records the number of heads $H$ and the number of tails $T$ before the coin is lost. (If the coin is blown away on a toss, no result is recorded for that toss.) What is the expected value of $|H-T|$? | {
"answer": "\\frac{24}{7}",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Let triangle $ABC$ have incircle $\omega$, which touches $BC, CA$, and $AB$ at $D, E$, and $F$, respectively. Then, let $\omega_{1}$ and $\omega_{2}$ be circles tangent to $AD$ and internally tangent to $\omega$ at $E$ and $F$, respectively. Let $P$ be the intersection of line $EF$ and the line passing through the centers of $\omega_{1}$ and $\omega_{2}$. If $\omega_{1}$ and $\omega_{2}$ have radii 5 and 6, respectively, compute $PE \cdot PF$. | {
"answer": "3600",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Let $S=\{1,2, \ldots, 2021\}$, and let $\mathcal{F}$ denote the set of functions $f: S \rightarrow S$. For a function $f \in \mathcal{F}$, let $$T_{f}=\left\{f^{2021}(s): s \in S\right\}$$ where $f^{2021}(s)$ denotes $f(f(\cdots(f(s)) \cdots))$ with 2021 copies of $f$. Compute the remainder when $$\sum_{f \in \mathcal{F}}\left|T_{f}\right|$$ is divided by the prime 2017, where the sum is over all functions $f$ in $\mathcal{F}$. | {
"answer": "255",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
There is a heads up coin on every integer of the number line. Lucky is initially standing on the zero point of the number line facing in the positive direction. Lucky performs the following procedure: he looks at the coin (or lack thereof) underneath him, and then, - If the coin is heads up, Lucky flips it to tails up, turns around, and steps forward a distance of one unit. - If the coin is tails up, Lucky picks up the coin and steps forward a distance of one unit facing the same direction. - If there is no coin, Lucky places a coin heads up underneath him and steps forward a distance of one unit facing the same direction. He repeats this procedure until there are 20 coins anywhere that are tails up. How many times has Lucky performed the procedure when the process stops? | {
"answer": "6098",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Somewhere in the universe, $n$ students are taking a 10-question math competition. Their collective performance is called laughable if, for some pair of questions, there exist 57 students such that either all of them answered both questions correctly or none of them answered both questions correctly. Compute the smallest $n$ such that the performance is necessarily laughable. | {
"answer": "253",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Find all real numbers $k$ such that $r^{4}+k r^{3}+r^{2}+4 k r+16=0$ is true for exactly one real number $r$. | {
"answer": "\\pm \\frac{9}{4}",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
We randomly choose a function $f:[n] \rightarrow[n]$, out of the $n^{n}$ possible functions. We also choose an integer $a$ uniformly at random from $[n]$. Find the probability that there exist positive integers $b, c \geq 1$ such that $f^{b}(1)=a$ and $f^{c}(a)=1$. $\left(f^{k}(x)\right.$ denotes the result of applying $f$ to $x k$ times). | {
"answer": "\\frac{1}{n}",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Reimu and Sanae play a game using 4 fair coins. Initially both sides of each coin are white. Starting with Reimu, they take turns to color one of the white sides either red or green. After all sides are colored, the 4 coins are tossed. If there are more red sides showing up, then Reimu wins, and if there are more green sides showing up, then Sanae wins. However, if there is an equal number of red sides and green sides, then neither of them wins. Given that both of them play optimally to maximize the probability of winning, what is the probability that Reimu wins? | {
"answer": "\\frac{5}{16}",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
There is a grid of height 2 stretching infinitely in one direction. Between any two edge-adjacent cells of the grid, there is a door that is locked with probability $\frac{1}{2}$ independent of all other doors. Philip starts in a corner of the grid (in the starred cell). Compute the expected number of cells that Philip can reach, assuming he can only travel between cells if the door between them is unlocked. | {
"answer": "\\frac{32}{7}",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
What is the maximum number of bishops that can be placed on an $8 \times 8$ chessboard such that at most three bishops lie on any diagonal? | {
"answer": "38",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Let $N$ be a positive integer. Brothers Michael and Kylo each select a positive integer less than or equal to $N$, independently and uniformly at random. Let $p_{N}$ denote the probability that the product of these two integers has a units digit of 0. The maximum possible value of $p_{N}$ over all possible choices of $N$ can be written as $\frac{a}{b}$, where $a$ and $b$ are relatively prime positive integers. Compute $100 a+b$. | {
"answer": "2800",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
For how many ordered triplets $(a, b, c)$ of positive integers less than 10 is the product $a \times b \times c$ divisible by 20? | {
"answer": "102",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
The real numbers $x, y, z, w$ satisfy $$\begin{aligned} & 2 x+y+z+w=1 \\ & x+3 y+z+w=2 \\ & x+y+4 z+w=3 \\ & x+y+z+5 w=25 \end{aligned}$$ Find the value of $w$. | {
"answer": "11/2",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Manya has a stack of $85=1+4+16+64$ blocks comprised of 4 layers (the $k$ th layer from the top has $4^{k-1}$ blocks). Each block rests on 4 smaller blocks, each with dimensions half those of the larger block. Laura removes blocks one at a time from this stack, removing only blocks that currently have no blocks on top of them. Find the number of ways Laura can remove precisely 5 blocks from Manya's stack (the order in which they are removed matters). | {
"answer": "3384",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Urn A contains 4 white balls and 2 red balls. Urn B contains 3 red balls and 3 black balls. An urn is randomly selected, and then a ball inside of that urn is removed. We then repeat the process of selecting an urn and drawing out a ball, without returning the first ball. What is the probability that the first ball drawn was red, given that the second ball drawn was black? | {
"answer": "7/15",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
An ant starts out at $(0,0)$. Each second, if it is currently at the square $(x, y)$, it can move to $(x-1, y-1),(x-1, y+1),(x+1, y-1)$, or $(x+1, y+1)$. In how many ways can it end up at $(2010,2010)$ after 4020 seconds? | {
"answer": "$\\binom{4020}{1005}^{2}$",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
How many functions $f$ from \{-1005, \ldots, 1005\} to \{-2010, \ldots, 2010\} are there such that the following two conditions are satisfied? - If $a<b$ then $f(a)<f(b)$. - There is no $n$ in \{-1005, \ldots, 1005\} such that $|f(n)|=|n|$ | {
"answer": "1173346782666677300072441773814388000553179587006710786401225043842699552460942166630860 5302966355504513409792805200762540756742811158611534813828022157596601875355477425764387 2333935841666957750009216404095352456877594554817419353494267665830087436353494075828446 0070506487793628698617665091500712606599653369601270652785265395252421526230453391663029 1476263072382369363170971857101590310272130771639046414860423440232291348986940615141526 0247281998288175423628757177754777309519630334406956881890655029018130367627043067425502 2334151384481231298380228052789795136259575164777156839054346649261636296328387580363485 2904329986459861362633348204891967272842242778625137520975558407856496002297523759366027 1506637984075036473724713869804364399766664507880042495122618597629613572449327653716600 6715747717529280910646607622693561789482959920478796128008380531607300324374576791477561 5881495035032334387221203759898494171708240222856256961757026746724252966598328065735933 6668742613422094179386207330487537984173936781232801614775355365060827617078032786368164 8860839124954588222610166915992867657815394480973063139752195206598739798365623873142903 28539769699667459275254643229234106717245366005816917271187760792",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
On each cell of a $200 \times 200$ grid, we place a car, which faces in one of the four cardinal directions. In a move, one chooses a car that does not have a car immediately in front of it, and slides it one cell forward. If a move would cause a car to exit the grid, the car is removed instead. The cars are placed so that there exists a sequence of moves that eventually removes all the cars from the grid. Across all such starting configurations, determine the maximum possible number of moves to do so. | {
"answer": "6014950",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Let $a_{1}, a_{2}, \ldots, a_{2005}$ be real numbers such that $$\begin{array}{ccccccccccc} a_{1} \cdot 1 & + & a_{2} \cdot 2 & + & a_{3} \cdot 3 & + & \cdots & + & a_{2005} \cdot 2005 & = & 0 \\ a_{1} \cdot 1^{2} & + & a_{2} \cdot 2^{2} & + & a_{3} \cdot 3^{2} & + & \cdots & + & a_{2005} \cdot 2005^{2} & = & 0 \\ a_{1} \cdot 1^{3} & + & a_{2} \cdot 2^{3} & + & a_{3} \cdot 3^{3} & + & \cdots & + & a_{2005} \cdot 2005^{3} & = & 0 \\ \vdots & & \vdots & & \vdots & & & & \vdots & & \vdots \\ a_{1} \cdot 1^{2004} & + & a_{2} \cdot 2^{2004} & + & a_{3} \cdot 3^{2004} & + & \cdots & + & a_{2005} \cdot 2005^{2004} & = & 0 \end{array}$$ and $$a_{1} \cdot 1^{2005}+a_{2} \cdot 2^{2005}+a_{3} \cdot 3^{2005}+\cdots+a_{2005} \cdot 2005^{2005}=1$$ What is the value of $a_{1}$? | {
"answer": "1 / 2004!",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Farmer James wishes to cover a circle with circumference $10 \pi$ with six different types of colored arcs. Each type of arc has radius 5, has length either $\pi$ or $2 \pi$, and is colored either red, green, or blue. He has an unlimited number of each of the six arc types. He wishes to completely cover his circle without overlap, subject to the following conditions: Any two adjacent arcs are of different colors. Any three adjacent arcs where the middle arc has length $\pi$ are of three different colors. Find the number of distinct ways Farmer James can cover his circle. Here, two coverings are equivalent if and only if they are rotations of one another. In particular, two colorings are considered distinct if they are reflections of one another, but not rotations of one another. | {
"answer": "93",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Kelvin the Frog has a pair of standard fair 8-sided dice (each labelled from 1 to 8). Alex the sketchy Kat also has a pair of fair 8-sided dice, but whose faces are labelled differently (the integers on each Alex's dice need not be distinct). To Alex's dismay, when both Kelvin and Alex roll their dice, the probability that they get any given sum is equal! Suppose that Alex's two dice have $a$ and $b$ total dots on them, respectively. Assuming that $a \neq b$, find all possible values of $\min \{a, b\}$. | {
"answer": "24, 28, 32",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Let $V=\{1, \ldots, 8\}$. How many permutations $\sigma: V \rightarrow V$ are automorphisms of some tree? | {
"answer": "30212",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Ava and Tiffany participate in a knockout tournament consisting of a total of 32 players. In each of 5 rounds, the remaining players are paired uniformly at random. In each pair, both players are equally likely to win, and the loser is knocked out of the tournament. The probability that Ava and Tiffany play each other during the tournament is $\frac{a}{b}$, where $a$ and $b$ are relatively prime positive integers. Compute $100 a+b$. | {
"answer": "116",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Michelle has a word with $2^{n}$ letters, where a word can consist of letters from any alphabet. Michelle performs a switcheroo on the word as follows: for each $k=0,1, \ldots, n-1$, she switches the first $2^{k}$ letters of the word with the next $2^{k}$ letters of the word. In terms of $n$, what is the minimum positive integer $m$ such that after Michelle performs the switcheroo operation $m$ times on any word of length $2^{n}$, she will receive her original word? | {
"answer": "2^{n}",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
How many positive integers at most 420 leave different remainders when divided by each of 5, 6, and 7? | {
"answer": "250",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
For any positive integer $n$, let $f(n)$ denote the number of 1's in the base-2 representation of $n$. For how many values of $n$ with $1 \leq n \leq 2002$ do we have $f(n)=f(n+1)$? | {
"answer": "501",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Jude repeatedly flips a coin. If he has already flipped $n$ heads, the coin lands heads with probability $\frac{1}{n+2}$ and tails with probability $\frac{n+1}{n+2}$. If Jude continues flipping forever, let $p$ be the probability that he flips 3 heads in a row at some point. Compute $\lfloor 180 p\rfloor$. | {
"answer": "47",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
How many ways are there for Nick to travel from $(0,0)$ to $(16,16)$ in the coordinate plane by moving one unit in the positive $x$ or $y$ direction at a time, such that Nick changes direction an odd number of times? | {
"answer": "2 \\cdot\\binom{30}{15} = 310235040",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
A man named Juan has three rectangular solids, each having volume 128. Two of the faces of one solid have areas 4 and 32. Two faces of another solid have areas 64 and 16. Finally, two faces of the last solid have areas 8 and 32. What is the minimum possible exposed surface area of the tallest tower Juan can construct by stacking his solids one on top of the other, face to face? (Assume that the base of the tower is not exposed). | {
"answer": "688",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Find the number of ordered pairs of integers $(a, b)$ such that $a, b$ are divisors of 720 but $a b$ is not. | {
"answer": "2520",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Compute the number of positive integers $n \leq 1000$ such that \operatorname{lcm}(n, 9)$ is a perfect square. | {
"answer": "43",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
As part of his effort to take over the world, Edward starts producing his own currency. As part of an effort to stop Edward, Alex works in the mint and produces 1 counterfeit coin for every 99 real ones. Alex isn't very good at this, so none of the counterfeit coins are the right weight. Since the mint is not perfect, each coin is weighed before leaving. If the coin is not the right weight, then it is sent to a lab for testing. The scale is accurate $95 \%$ of the time, $5 \%$ of all the coins minted are sent to the lab, and the lab's test is accurate $90 \%$ of the time. If the lab says a coin is counterfeit, what is the probability that it really is? | {
"answer": "\\frac{19}{28}",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Let $f(n)$ be the number of times you have to hit the $\sqrt{ }$ key on a calculator to get a number less than 2 starting from $n$. For instance, $f(2)=1, f(5)=2$. For how many $1<m<2008$ is $f(m)$ odd? | {
"answer": "242",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Suppose $E, I, L, V$ are (not necessarily distinct) nonzero digits in base ten for which the four-digit number $\underline{E} \underline{V} \underline{I} \underline{L}$ is divisible by 73 , and the four-digit number $\underline{V} \underline{I} \underline{L} \underline{E}$ is divisible by 74 . Compute the four-digit number $\underline{L} \underline{I} \underline{V} \underline{E}$. | {
"answer": "9954",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Let $a, b, c, d, e$ be nonnegative integers such that $625 a+250 b+100 c+40 d+16 e=15^{3}$. What is the maximum possible value of $a+b+c+d+e$ ? | {
"answer": "153",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Let $ABCD$ be a trapezoid with $AB \parallel CD$. The bisectors of $\angle CDA$ and $\angle DAB$ meet at $E$, the bisectors of $\angle ABC$ and $\angle BCD$ meet at $F$, the bisectors of $\angle BCD$ and $\angle CDA$ meet at $G$, and the bisectors of $\angle DAB$ and $\angle ABC$ meet at $H$. Quadrilaterals $EABF$ and $EDCF$ have areas 24 and 36, respectively, and triangle $ABH$ has area 25. Find the area of triangle $CDG$. | {
"answer": "\\frac{256}{7}",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
In the figure below, how many ways are there to select 5 bricks, one in each row, such that any two bricks in adjacent rows are adjacent? | {
"answer": "61",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
A point $P$ lies at the center of square $A B C D$. A sequence of points $\left\{P_{n}\right\}$ is determined by $P_{0}=P$, and given point $P_{i}$, point $P_{i+1}$ is obtained by reflecting $P_{i}$ over one of the four lines $A B, B C, C D, D A$, chosen uniformly at random and independently for each $i$. What is the probability that $P_{8}=P$ ? | {
"answer": "\\frac{1225}{16384}",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Bobbo starts swimming at 2 feet/s across a 100 foot wide river with a current of 5 feet/s. Bobbo doesn't know that there is a waterfall 175 feet from where he entered the river. He realizes his predicament midway across the river. What is the minimum speed that Bobbo must increase to make it to the other side of the river safely? | {
"answer": "3 \\text{ feet/s}",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Let $\zeta=e^{2 \pi i / 99}$ and $\omega=e^{2 \pi i / 101}$. The polynomial $$x^{9999}+a_{9998} x^{9998}+\cdots+a_{1} x+a_{0}$$ has roots $\zeta^{m}+\omega^{n}$ for all pairs of integers $(m, n)$ with $0 \leq m<99$ and $0 \leq n<101$. Compute $a_{9799}+a_{9800}+\cdots+a_{9998}$. | {
"answer": "14849-\\frac{9999}{200}\\binom{200}{99}",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Let $b$ and $c$ be real numbers, and define the polynomial $P(x)=x^{2}+b x+c$. Suppose that $P(P(1))=P(P(2))=0$, and that $P(1) \neq P(2)$. Find $P(0)$. | {
"answer": "-\\frac{3}{2}",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Let $S$ be the set of all 3-digit numbers with all digits in the set $\{1,2,3,4,5,6,7\}$ (so in particular, all three digits are nonzero). For how many elements $\overline{a b c}$ of $S$ is it true that at least one of the (not necessarily distinct) 'digit cycles' $\overline{a b c}, \overline{b c a}, \overline{c a b}$ is divisible by 7? (Here, $\overline{a b c}$ denotes the number whose base 10 digits are $a, b$, and $c$ in that order.) | {
"answer": "127",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Compute $\tan \left(\frac{\pi}{7}\right) \tan \left(\frac{2 \pi}{7}\right) \tan \left(\frac{3 \pi}{7}\right)$. | {
"answer": "\\sqrt{7}",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
For each integer $x$ with $1 \leq x \leq 10$, a point is randomly placed at either $(x, 1)$ or $(x,-1)$ with equal probability. What is the expected area of the convex hull of these points? Note: the convex hull of a finite set is the smallest convex polygon containing it. | {
"answer": "\\frac{1793}{128}",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Let $S$ be the set of ordered pairs $(a, b)$ of positive integers such that \operatorname{gcd}(a, b)=1$. Compute $$\sum_{(a, b) \in S}\left\lfloor\frac{300}{2 a+3 b}\right\rfloor$$ | {
"answer": "7400",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
On the Cartesian grid, Johnny wants to travel from $(0,0)$ to $(5,1)$, and he wants to pass through all twelve points in the set $S=\{(i, j) \mid 0 \leq i \leq 1,0 \leq j \leq 5, i, j \in \mathbb{Z}\}$. Each step, Johnny may go from one point in $S$ to another point in $S$ by a line segment connecting the two points. How many ways are there for Johnny to start at $(0,0)$ and end at $(5,1)$ so that he never crosses his own path? | {
"answer": "252",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Let $S$ be a set of intervals defined recursively as follows: Initially, $[1,1000]$ is the only interval in $S$. If $l \neq r$ and $[l, r] \in S$, then both $\left[l,\left\lfloor\frac{l+r}{2}\right\rfloor\right],\left[\left\lfloor\frac{l+r}{2}\right\rfloor+1, r\right] \in S$. An integer $i$ is chosen uniformly at random from the range $[1,1000]$. What is the expected number of intervals in $S$ which contain $i$? | {
"answer": "10.976",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
A parking lot consists of 2012 parking spots equally spaced in a line, numbered 1 through 2012. One by one, 2012 cars park in these spots under the following procedure: the first car picks from the 2012 spots uniformly randomly, and each following car picks uniformly randomly among all possible choices which maximize the minimal distance from an already parked car. What is the probability that the last car to park must choose spot 1? | {
"answer": "\\frac{1}{2062300}",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Let $f(x)=x^{4}+14 x^{3}+52 x^{2}+56 x+16$. Let $z_{1}, z_{2}, z_{3}, z_{4}$ be the four roots of $f$. Find the smallest possible value of $|z_{a} z_{b}+z_{c} z_{d}|$ where $\{a, b, c, d\}=\{1,2,3,4\}$. | {
"answer": "8",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Let $S$ denote the set of all triples $(i, j, k)$ of positive integers where $i+j+k=17$. Compute $$\sum_{(i, j, k) \in S} i j k$$ | {
"answer": "11628",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Given an $8 \times 8$ checkerboard with alternating white and black squares, how many ways are there to choose four black squares and four white squares so that no two of the eight chosen squares are in the same row or column? | {
"answer": "20736",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
G.H. Hardy once went to visit Srinivasa Ramanujan in the hospital, and he started the conversation with: "I came here in taxi-cab number 1729. That number seems dull to me, which I hope isn't a bad omen." "Nonsense," said Ramanujan. "The number isn't dull at all. It's quite interesting. It's the smallest number that can be expressed as the sum of two cubes in two different ways." Ramanujan had immediately seen that $1729 = 12^{3} + 1^{3} = 10^{3} + 9^{3}$. What is the smallest positive integer representable as the sum of the cubes of three positive integers in two different ways? | {
"answer": "251",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Alice writes 1001 letters on a blackboard, each one chosen independently and uniformly at random from the set $S=\{a, b, c\}$. A move consists of erasing two distinct letters from the board and replacing them with the third letter in $S$. What is the probability that Alice can perform a sequence of moves which results in one letter remaining on the blackboard? | {
"answer": "\\frac{3-3^{-999}}{4}",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Eight celebrities meet at a party. It so happens that each celebrity shakes hands with exactly two others. A fan makes a list of all unordered pairs of celebrities who shook hands with each other. If order does not matter, how many different lists are possible? | {
"answer": "3507",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Let $\Gamma_{1}$ and $\Gamma_{2}$ be concentric circles with radii 1 and 2, respectively. Four points are chosen on the circumference of $\Gamma_{2}$ independently and uniformly at random, and are then connected to form a convex quadrilateral. What is the probability that the perimeter of this quadrilateral intersects $\Gamma_{1}$? | {
"answer": "\\frac{22}{27}",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Compute the number of sequences of integers $(a_{1}, \ldots, a_{200})$ such that the following conditions hold. - $0 \leq a_{1}<a_{2}<\cdots<a_{200} \leq 202$. - There exists a positive integer $N$ with the following property: for every index $i \in\{1, \ldots, 200\}$ there exists an index $j \in\{1, \ldots, 200\}$ such that $a_{i}+a_{j}-N$ is divisible by 203. | {
"answer": "20503",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Determine the number of ways to select a positive number of squares on an $8 \times 8$ chessboard such that no two lie in the same row or the same column and no chosen square lies to the left of and below another chosen square. | {
"answer": "12869",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
Determine all real numbers $a$ such that the inequality $|x^{2}+2 a x+3 a| \leq 2$ has exactly one solution in $x$. | {
"answer": "1,2",
"ground_truth": null,
"style": null,
"task_type": "math"
} |
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