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while alabama's public education system has improved in recent decades, it lags behind in achievement compared to other states. according to u. s. census data (2000), alabama's high school graduation rate (75%) is the fourth lowest in the u. s. (after kentucky, louisiana and mississippi). the largest educational gains ...
in the state are four medical schools (as of fall 2015) (university of alabama school of medicine, university of south alabama and alabama college of osteopathic medicine and the edward via college of osteopathic medicine—auburn campus), two veterinary colleges (auburn university and tuskegee university), a dental scho...
the largest single campus is the university of alabama, located in tuscaloosa, with 37,665 enrolled for fall 2016. troy university was the largest institution in the state in 2010, with an enrollment of 29,689 students across four alabama campuses (troy, dothan, montgomery, and phenix city), as well as sixty learning s...
news & world report, alabama had three universities ranked in the top 100 public schools in america (university of alabama at 31, auburn university at 36, and university of alabama at birmingham at 73). according to the 2012 u. s. news & world report, alabama had four tier one universities (university of alabama, aubur...
2 abc, tuscaloosa cbs wiat 42 cbs, birmingham wtvy 4 cbs, dothan whnt 19 cbs, huntsville wkrg 5 cbs, mobile waka 8 cbs, selma/montgomery fox wbrc 6 fox, birmingham wzdx 54 fox, huntsville wala 10 fox, mobile wcov 20 fox, montgomery wdfx 34 fox, ozark/dothan nbc wvtm 13 nbc, birmingham wrgx 23 nbc, dothan...
notes the talladega superspeedway motorsports complex hosts a series of nascar events. it has a seating capacity of 143,000 and is the thirteenth largest stadium in the world and sixth largest stadium in america. also, the barber motorsports park has hosted indycar series and rolex sports car series races. the atp bir...
bryant–denny stadium is the home of the alabama football team, and has a seating capacity of 101,821, and is the fifth largest stadium in america. jordan-hare stadium is the home field of the auburn football team and seats up to 87,451. legion field is home of the uab blazers football program and the birmingham bowl. i...
transportation aviation major airports with sustained operations in alabama include birmingham-shuttlesworth international airport (bhm), huntsville international airport (hsv), dothan regional airport (dhn), mobile regional airport (mob), montgomery regional airport (mgm), northwest alabama regional airport (msl) an...
roads alabama has six major interstate routes: interstate 65 (i-65) travels north–south roughly through the middle of the state; i-20/i-59 travel from the central west mississippi state line to birmingham, where i-59 continues to the north-east corner of the state and i-20 continues east towards atlanta; i-85 originate...
since a direct connection from i-22 to i-422 will not be possible, i-222 has been proposed, as well. several u. s. highways also pass through the state, such as u. s. route 11 (us-11), us-29, us-31, us-43, us-45, us-72, us-78, us-80, us-82, us-84, us-90, us-98, us-231, us-278, us-280, us-331, us-411, and us-431. there ...
water ports of alabama, listed from north to south: see also index of alabama-related articles outline of alabama—organized list of topics about alabama notes references further reading atkins, leah rawls, wayne flynt, william warren rogers, and david ward. alabama: the history of a deep south state (1994). fl...
external links alabama state guide, from the library of congress your not so ordinary alabama tourist guide all about alabama, at the alabama department of archives and history code of alabama 1975 usgs real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of alabama alabama quickfacts from the u. s. census...
although the death of achilles is not presented in the iliad, other sources concur that he was killed near the end of the trojan war by paris, who shot him with an arrow. later legends (beginning with statius' unfinished epic achilleid, written in the 1st century ad) state that achilles was invulnerable in all of his b...
the name grew more popular, even becoming common soon after the seventh century bc and was also turned into the female form ἀχιλλεία (achilleía), attested in attica in the fourth century bc (ig ii² 1617) and, in the form achillia, on a stele in halicarnassus as the name of a female gladiator fighting an "amazon". achil...
with this derivation, the name obtains a double meaning in the poem: when the hero is functioning rightly, his men bring distress to the enemy, but when wrongly, his men get the grief of war. the poem is in part about the misdirection of anger on the part of leadership. another etymology relates the name to a proto-ind...
compare also the latin word family of aciēs "sharp edge or point, battle line, battle, engagement", acus "needle, pin, bodkin", and acuō "to make pointed, sharpen, whet; to exercise; to arouse" (whence acute). some topical epitheta of achilles in the iliad point to this "swift-footedness", namely ποδάρκης δῖος ἀχιλλεὺς...
birth and early years achilles was the son of the thetis, a nereid, and peleus, the king of the myrmidons. zeus and poseidon had been rivals for thetis's hand in marriage until prometheus, the fore-thinker, warned zeus of a prophecy (originally uttered by themis, goddess of divine law) that thetis would bear a son gr...
according to the achilleid, written by statius in the 1st century ad, and to non-surviving previous sources, when achilles was born thetis tried to make him immortal by dipping him in the river styx; however, he was left vulnerable at the part of the body by which she held him: his left heel (see achilles' heel, achill...
in the few fragmentary poems of the epic cycle which describe the hero's death (i. e. the cypria, the little iliad by lesches of pyrrha, the aithiopis and iliou persis by arctinus of miletus), there is no trace of any reference to his general invulnerability or his famous weakness at the heel. in the later vase paintin...
when she had achilles, peleus noticed, tore him from the flames with only a burnt foot, and confided him to the centaur chiron. later chiron exhumed the body of the damysus, who was the fastest of all the giants, removed the ankle, and incorporated it into achilles' burnt foot.
other names among the appellations under which achilles is generally known are the following: pyrisous, "saved from the fire", his first name, which seems to favour the tradition in which his mortal parts were burned by his mother thetis aeacides, from his grandfather aeacus aemonius, from aemonia, a country which ...
there, achilles was disguised as a girl and lived among lycomedes' daughters, perhaps under the name "pyrrha" (the red-haired girl), cercysera or aissa ("swift"). with lycomedes' daughter deidamia, whom in the account of statius he raped, achilles there fathered two sons, neoptolemus (also called pyrrhus, after his fat...
in the trojan war according to the iliad, achilles arrived at troy with 50 ships, each carrying 50 myrmidons. he appointed five leaders (each leader commanding 500 myrmidons): menesthius, eudorus, peisander, phoenix and alcimedon. telephus when the greeks left for the trojan war, they accidentally stopped in mysia, ...
odysseus reasoned that the spear had inflicted the wound; therefore, the spear must be able to heal it. pieces of the spear were scraped off onto the wound and telephus was healed. troilus according to the cypria (the part of the epic cycle that tells the events of the trojan war before achilles' wrath), when the ach...
in dares phrygius' account of the destruction of troy, the latin summary through which the story of achilles was transmitted to medieval europe, as well as in older accounts, troilus was a young trojan prince, the youngest of king priam's and hecuba's five legitimate sons (or according other sources, another son of apo...
ancient writers treated troilus as the epitome of a dead child mourned by his parents. had troilus lived to adulthood, the first vatican mythographer claimed, troy would have been invincible; however, the motif is older and found already in plautus' bacchides. in the iliad homer's iliad is the most famous narrative o...
the prophet calchas correctly determines the source of the troubles but will not speak unless achilles vows to protect him. achilles does so, and calchas declares that chryseis must be returned to her father. agamemnon consents, but then commands that achilles' battle prize briseis, the daughter of briseus, be brought ...
agamemnon agrees and sends odysseus and two other chieftains, ajax and phoenix. they promise that, if achilles returns to battle, agamemnon will return the captive briseis and other gifts. achilles rejects all agamemnon offers him and simply urges the greeks to sail home as he was planning to do. the trojans, led by he...
she persuades hephaestus to make new armour for him, in place of the armour that patroclus had been wearing, which was taken by hector. the new armour includes the shield of achilles, described in great detail in the poem. enraged over the death of patroclus, achilles ends his refusal to fight and takes the field, kill...
achilles chases hector around the wall of troy three times before athena, in the form of hector's favorite and dearest brother, deiphobus, persuades hector to stop running and fight achilles face to face. after hector realizes the trick, he knows the battle is inevitable. wanting to go down fighting, he charges at achi...
at the onset of his duel with hector, achilles is referred to as the brightest star in the sky, which comes on in the autumn, orion's dog (sirius); a sign of evil. during the cremation of patroclus, he is compared to hesperus, the evening/western star (venus), while the burning of the funeral pyre lasts until phosphoru...
later epic accounts: fighting penthesilea and memnon the aethiopis (7th century bc) and a work named posthomerica, composed by quintus of smyrna in the fourth century ce, relate further events from the trojan war. when penthesilea, queen of the amazons and daughter of ares, arrives in troy, priam hopes that she will ...
the fight between achilles and memnon over antilochus echoes that of achilles and hector over patroclus, except that memnon (unlike hector) was also the son of a goddess. many homeric scholars argued that episode inspired many details in the iliads description of the death of patroclus and achilles' reaction to it. the...
commentators from classical antiquity to the present have often interpreted the relationship through the lens of their own cultures. in 5th-century bce athens, the intense bond was often viewed in light of the greek custom of paiderasteia. in plato's symposium, the participants in a dialogue about love assume that achi...
in the oldest version, the iliad, and as predicted by hector with his dying breath, the hero's death was brought about by paris with an arrow (to the heel according to statius). in some versions, the god apollo guided paris' arrow. some retellings also state that achilles was scaling the gates of troy and was hit with ...
priam is willing because it would mean the end of the war and an alliance with the world's greatest warrior. but while priam is overseeing the private marriage of polyxena and achilles, paris, who would have to give up helen if achilles married his sister, hides in the bushes and shoots achilles with a divine arrow, ki...
one of these is achilles, who when greeted as "blessed in life, blessed in death", responds that he would rather be a slave to the worst of masters than be king of all the dead. but achilles then asks odysseus of his son's exploits in the trojan war, and when odysseus tells of neoptolemus' heroic actions, achilles is f...
furious, ajax cursed odysseus, which earned him the ire of athena, who temporarily made ajax so mad with grief and anguish that he began killing sheep, thinking them his comrades. after a while, when athena lifted his madness and ajax realized that he had actually been killing sheep, he was so ashamed that he committed...
the city was visited in 333 bce by alexander the great, who envisioned himself as the new achilles and carried the iliad with him, but his court biographers do not mention the spear; however, it was shown in the time of pausanias in the 2nd century ce. achilles, ajax and a game of petteia numerous paintings on potter...
on the island of astypalaea in the sporades, in sparta which had a sanctuary, in elis and in achilles' homeland thessaly, as well as in the magna graecia cities of tarentum, locri and croton, accounting for an almost panhellenic cult to the hero. the cult of achilles is illustrated in the 500 bce polyxena sarcophagus, ...
early dedicatory inscriptions from the greek colonies on the black sea (graffiti and inscribed clay disks, these possibly being votive offerings, from olbia, the area of berezan island and the tauric chersonese) attest the existence of a heroic cult of achilles from the sixth century bc onwards. the cult was still thri...
pliny the elder (23–79 ad) in his natural history mentions a "port of the achæi" and an "island of achilles", famous for the tomb of that "man" (), situated somewhat nearby olbia and the dnieper-bug estuary; furthermore, at 125 roman miles from this island, he places a peninsula "which stretches forth in the shape of a...
) in the following chapter of his book, pliny refers to the same island as achillea and introduces two further names for it: leuce or macaron (from greek [νῆσος] μακαρῶν "island of the blest"). the "present day" measures, he gives at this point, seem to account for an identification of achillea or leuce with today's s...
" in another inscription from the fifth or fourth century bc, a statue is dedicated to achilles, lord of leuke, by a citizen of olbia, while in a further dedication, the city of olbia confirms its continuous maintenance of the island's cult, again suggesting its quality as a place of a supra-regional hero veneration. t...
well known is the connection of these mythological fortunate isles (μακαρῶν νῆσοι, makárôn nêsoi) or the homeric elysium with the stream oceanus which according to greek mythology surrounds the inhabited world, which should have accounted for the identification of the northern strands of the euxine with it. guy hedreen...
it is said that there, in leuce island, reside the souls of achilles and other heroes, and that they wander through the uninhabited valleys of this island; this is how jove rewarded the men who had distinguished themselves through their virtues, because through virtue they had acquired everlasting honour". similarly, o...
herodotus, pliny the elder and strabo reported on the existence of a town achílleion (ἀχίλλειον), built by settlers from mytilene in the sixth century bc, close to the hero's presumed burial mound in the troad. later attestations point to an achílleion in messenia (according to stephanus byzantinus) and an achílleios (...
in ad 216 the roman emperor caracalla, while on his way to war against parthia, emulated alexander by holding games around achilles' tumulus. reception during antiquity in greek tragedy the greek tragedian aeschylus wrote a trilogy of plays about achilles, given the title achilleis by modern scholars. the tragedies ...
in plato's symposium, phaedrus points out that aeschylus portrayed achilles as the lover and patroclus as the beloved; phaedrus argues that this is incorrect because achilles, being the younger and more beautiful of the two, was the beloved, who loved his lover so much that he chose to die to avenge him. the tragedian ...
as a student of the monist parmenides and a member of the eleatic school, zeno believed time and motion to be illusions. plato in hippias minor, a dialogue attributed to plato, an arrogant man named hippias argues with socrates. the two get into a discussion about lying. they decide that a person who is intentionally f...
the two argue over whether it is better to lie on purpose or by accident. socrates eventually abandons homeric arguments and makes sports analogies to drive home the point: someone who does wrong on purpose is a better person than someone who does wrong unintentionally. in roman and medieval literature the romans, who...
achilles was described by the byzantine chronicler leo the deacon, not as hellene, but as scythian, while according to the byzantine author john malalas, his army was made up of a tribe previously known as myrmidons and later as bulgars. in modern literature and arts literature achilles appears in dante's inferno (co...
the 1983 novel kassandra by christa wolf also treats the death of achilles. akhilles is killed by a poisoned kentaur arrow shot by kassandra in marion zimmer bradley's novel the firebrand (1987). achilles is one of various 'narrators' in colleen mccullough's novel the song of troy (1998). the death of achilles (смерть ...
achilles is a main character in terence hawkins' 2009 novel the rage of achilles. achilles is a major character in madeline miller's debut novel, the song of achilles (2011), which won the 2012 orange prize for fiction. the novel explores the relationship between patroclus and achilles from boyhood to the fateful event...
peter paul rubens has authored a series of works on the life of achilles, comprising the titles: thetis dipping the infant achilles into the river styx, achilles educated by the centaur chiron, achilles recognized among the daughters of lycomedes, the wrath of achilles, the death of hector, thetis receiving the arms of...
created a statue group achilles and penthesilea (1895; vienna). achilleus (1908) is a lithography by max slevogt. music achilles has been frequently the subject of operas, ballets and related genres. operas titled deidamia were composed by francesco cavalli (1644) and george frideric handel (1739). achille et polyxène...
later operas on the same libretto were composed by leonardo leo (turin 1739), niccolò jommelli (vienna 1749 and rome 1772), giuseppe sarti (copenhagen 1759 and florence 1779), johann adolph hasse (naples 1759), giovanni paisiello (st. petersburg 1772), giuseppe gazzaniga (palermo 1781) and many others. it has also been...
achilles come down is a song on the 2017 gang of youths album go farther in lightness. film and television in films achilles has been portrayed in the following films and television series: the 1924 film helena by carlo aldini the 1954 film ulysses by piero lulli the 1956 film helen of troy by stanley baker the 196...
the wellington monument is a statue representing achilles erected as a memorial to arthur wellesley, the first duke of wellington, and his victories in the peninsular war and the latter stages of the napoleonic wars. namesakes the name of achilles has been used for at least nine royal navy warships since 1744 – both ...
after returning to the royal navy, the ship was sold to the indian navy in 1948, but when she was scrapped parts of the ship were saved and preserved in new zealand. a species of lizard, anolis achilles, which has widened heel plates, is named for achilles. gallery references further reading ileana chirassi colombo...
le héros, la femme et la souffrance dans la poésie d'homère, paris: albin michel. gregory nagy (1984), the name of achilles: questions of etymology and 'folk etymology, illinois classical studies. 19. gregory nagy (1999), the best of the acheans: concepts of the hero in archaic greek poetry. johns hopkins university pr...
lincoln led the nation through the american civil war and succeeded in preserving the union, abolishing slavery, bolstering the federal government, and modernizing the u. s. economy. lincoln was born into poverty in a log cabin in kentucky and was raised on the frontier primarily in indiana. he was self-educated and be...
to secure its independence, the new confederate states fired on fort sumter, a u. s. fort in the south, and lincoln called up forces to suppress the rebellion and restore the union. lincoln, a moderate republican, had to navigate a contentious array of factions with friends and opponents from both the democratic and re...
he suspended habeas corpus in maryland, and he averted british intervention by defusing the trent affair. he engineered the end to slavery with his emancipation proclamation, including his order that the army and navy liberate, protect, and recruit former slaves. he also encouraged border states to outlaw slavery, and ...
family and childhood early life abraham lincoln was born on february 12, 1809, the second child of thomas lincoln and nancy hanks lincoln, in a log cabin on sinking spring farm near hodgenville, kentucky. he was a descendant of samuel lincoln, an englishman who migrated from hingham, norfolk, to its namesake, hingham...
thomas and nancy married on june 12, 1806, in washington county, and moved to elizabethtown, kentucky. they had three children: sarah, abraham, and thomas, who died as infant. thomas lincoln bought or leased farms in kentucky before losing all but of his land in court disputes over property titles. in 1816, the family...
overcoming financial challenges, thomas in 1827 obtained clear title to in indiana, an area which became the little pigeon creek community. mother's death on october 5, 1818, nancy lincoln succumbed to milk sickness, leaving 11-year-old sarah in charge of a household including her father, 9-year-old abraham, and nancy...
his formal schooling was from itinerant teachers. it included two short stints in kentucky, where he learned to read but probably not to write, at age seven, and in indiana, where he went to school sporadically due to farm chores, for a total of less than 12 months in aggregate by the age of 15. he persisted as an avid...
he gained a reputation for strength and audacity after winning a wrestling match with the renowned leader of ruffians known as "the clary's grove boys". in march 1830, fearing another milk sickness outbreak, several members of the extended lincoln family, including abraham, moved west to illinois, a free state, and set...
so, he left springfield for his father's home to study until he "could give any proposition in the six books of euclid [here, referencing euclid's elements] at sight. " marriage and children lincoln's first romantic interest was ann rutledge, whom he met when he moved to new salem. by 1835, they were in a relationshi...
a wedding set for january 1, 1841, was canceled at lincoln's request, but they reconciled and married on november 4, 1842, in the springfield mansion of mary's sister. while anxiously preparing for the nuptials, he was asked where he was going and replied, "to hell, i suppose. " in 1844, the couple bought a house in sp...
lincoln "was remarkably fond of children" and the lincolns were not considered to be strict with their own. in fact, lincoln's law partner william h. herndon would grow irritated when lincoln would bring his children to the law office. their father, it seemed, was often too absorbed in his work to notice his children's...
although the economy was booming, the business struggled and lincoln eventually sold his share. that march he entered politics, running for the illinois general assembly, advocating navigational improvements on the sangamon river. he could draw crowds as a raconteur, but he lacked the requisite formal education, powerf...
rather than studying in the office of an established attorney, as was the custom, lincoln borrowed legal texts from attorneys john todd stuart and thomas drummond, purchased books including blackstone's commentaries and chitty's pleadings, and read law on his own. he later said of his legal education that "i studied wi...
" he echoed henry clay's support for the american colonization society which advocated a program of abolition in conjunction with settling freed slaves in liberia. he was admitted to the illinois bar in 1836, and moved to springfield and began to practice law under john t. stuart, mary todd's cousin. lincoln emerged as...
hardin though he prevailed with the party in limiting hardin to one term. lincoln not only pulled off his strategy of gaining the nomination in 1846 but also won the election. he was the only whig in the illinois delegation, but as dutiful as any participated in almost all votes and made speeches that toed the party li...
territory won from mexico. lincoln emphasized his opposition to polk by drafting and introducing his spot resolutions. the war had begun with a mexican slaughter of american soldiers in territory disputed by mexico, and polk insisted that mexican soldiers had "invaded our territory and shed the blood of our fellow-citi...
taylor won and lincoln hoped in vain to be appointed commissioner of the general land office. the administration offered to appoint him secretary or governor of the oregon territory as consolation. this distant territory was a democratic stronghold, and acceptance of the post would have disrupted his legal and politica...
rock island bridge company, a landmark case involving a canal boat that sank after hitting a bridge. in 1849, he received a patent for a flotation device for the movement of boats in shallow water. the idea was never commercialized, but it made lincoln the only president to hold a patent. lincoln appeared before the il...
armstrong was acquitted. leading up to his presidential campaign, lincoln elevated his profile in an 1859 murder case, with his defense of simeon quinn "peachy" harrison who was a third cousin; harrison was also the grandson of lincoln's political opponent, rev. peter cartwright. harrison was charged with the murder of...
republican politics (1854–1860) emergence as republican leader the debate over the status of slavery in the territories failed to alleviate tensions between the slave-holding south and the free north, with the failure of the compromise of 1850, a legislative package designed to address the issue. in his 1852 eulogy f...
lincoln then declared his opposition to slavery which he repeated en route to the presidency. he said the kansas act had a "declared indifference, but as i must think, a covert real zeal for the spread of slavery. i cannot but hate it. i hate it because of the monstrous injustice of slavery itself. i hate it because it...
" the new republican party was formed as a northern party dedicated to antislavery, drawing from the antislavery wing of the whig party, and combining free soil, liberty, and antislavery democratic party members, lincoln resisted early republican entreaties, fearing that the new party would become a platform for extrem...
trumbull was an antislavery democrat, and had received few votes in the earlier ballots; his supporters, also antislavery democrats, had vowed not to support any whig. lincoln's decision to withdraw enabled his whig supporters and trumbull's antislavery democrats to combine and defeat the mainstream democratic candidat...
at the june 1856 republican national convention, though lincoln received support to run as vice president, john c. frémont and william dayton comprised the ticket, which lincoln supported throughout illinois. the democrats nominated former secretary of state james buchanan and the know-nothings nominated former whig pr...
while many democrats hoped that dred scott would end the dispute over slavery in the territories, the decision sparked further outrage in the north. lincoln denounced it as the product of a conspiracy of democrats to support the slave power. he argued the decision was at variance with the declaration of independence; h...
for the first time, illinois republicans held a convention to agree upon a senate candidate, and lincoln won the nomination with little opposition. lincoln accepted the nomination with great enthusiasm and zeal. after his nomination he delivered his house divided speech, with the biblical reference mark 3:25, "a house ...
these were the most famous political debates in american history; they had an atmosphere akin to a prizefight and drew crowds in the thousands. the principals stood in stark contrast both physically and politically. lincoln warned that douglas’ "slave power" was threatening the values of republicanism, and accused doug...
lincoln's articulation of the issues gave him a national political presence. in may 1859, lincoln purchased the illinois staats-anzeiger, a german-language newspaper that was consistently supportive; most of the state's 130,000 german americans voted democratically but the german-language paper mobilized republican sup...
by the quality and simplicity of his rhetoric, he quickly became the champion of the republican party. however, despite his overwhelming support in the midwestern united states, he was less appreciated in the east. horace greeley, editor of the new york tribune, at that time wrote up an unflattering account of lincoln'...
journalist noah brooks reported, "no man ever before made such an impression on his first appeal to a new york audience. " historian david herbert donald described the speech as a "superb political move for an unannounced candidate, to appear in one rival's (seward) own state at an event sponsored by the second rival'...
in 1860, lincoln described himself: "i am in height, six feet, four inches, nearly; lean in flesh, weighing, on an average, one hundred and eighty pounds; dark complexion, with coarse black hair, and gray eyes. " michael martinez wrote about the effective imaging of lincoln by his campaign. at times he was presented as...
lincoln's managers had focused on this delegation while honoring lincoln's dictate to "make no contracts that will bind me". as the slave power tightened its grip on the national government, most republicans agreed with lincoln that the north was the aggrieved party. throughout the 1850s, lincoln had doubted the prospe...
prior to the republican convention, the lincoln campaign began cultivating a nationwide youth organization, the wide awakes, which it used to generate popular support throughout the country to spearhead voter registration drives, thinking that new voters and young voters tended to embrace new parties. people of the nor...
the republican party's production of campaign literature dwarfed the combined opposition; a chicago tribune writer produced a pamphlet that detailed lincoln's life and sold 100,000–200,000 copies. though he did not give public appearances, many sought to visit him and write him. in the runup to the election, he took an...
his victory in the electoral college was decisive: lincoln had 180 votes to 123 for his opponents. presidency (1861–1865) secession and inauguration the south was outraged by lincoln's election, and in response secessionists implemented plans to leave the union before he took office in march 1861. on december 20, 186...
attempts at compromise followed but lincoln and the republicans rejected the proposed crittenden compromise as contrary to the party's platform of free-soil in the territories. lincoln said, "i will suffer death before i consent . . . to any concession or compromise which looks like buying the privilege to take possess...
the president-elect evaded suspected assassins in baltimore. on february 23, 1861, he arrived in disguise in washington, d. c. , which was placed under substantial military guard. lincoln directed his inaugural address to the south, proclaiming once again that he had no inclination to abolish slavery in the southern st...
the mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield, and patriot grave, to every living heart and hearthstone, all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature. " the failure of the peace conference of 1861 signal...
" civil war major robert anderson, commander of the union's fort sumter in charleston, south carolina, sent a request for provisions to washington, and lincoln's order to meet that request was seen by the secessionists as an act of war. on april 12, 1861, confederate forces fired on union troops at fort sumter and be...