Split (1)

train · ~125M rows (showing the first 849k)

text stringlengths 144 682k
Blood clots that cause strokes can spawn smaller clots that may cause a new blockage UCLA Health researchers have identified risk factors that can contribute to these clot fragments, and steps to reduce harm In a new study of stroke patients, doctors at UCLA Health have identified risk factors that make it more likely a stroke-causing blood clot will break up during removal. When this happens, fragments of the clot can move through the bloodstream and lodge in a smaller artery, causing a new blockage. “This is a very common problem,” says Jeffrey Saver, a professor of neurology and director of the Comprehensive Stroke and Vascular Neurology Program at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, the senior author of the study which was published on May 20 in the journal Stroke. “We found that about two of every five patients develop these clot fragments, and we’ve now identified important predictors that can help us design better treatments to prevent them in the future,” An acute ischemic stroke occurs when a clot stops blood flow through an artery in the brain. Speed is critical when treating these strokes, because more brain cells are damaged with every moment that the blood supply is cut off. While the clot-busting drug tPA can help dissipate some clots, large obstructions need to be pulled out using a mechanical clot-retrieval device. “This is an approach that was invented here at UCLA, with the first device cleared for use in the United States in 2004 called the Merci coil retriever,” Saver says. The retriever device is inserted into an artery in the leg, then threaded up to the blocked artery in the brain. Depending on the type of retriever device, the clot is either enmeshed in a wire cage, called a stent, or pulled out by a vacuum aspirator. Because the aspirator pulls the clot by one end, it’s more likely to generate loose fragments. The stent retriever keeps control of the entire clot during its journey through the body, leaving less opportunity for fragments to break free. “When a patient has risk factors for having a clot that’s likely to fragment, we can use the stent retrievers,” Saver says. “When the patient has features suggesting the clot is not likely to fragment, we can use the faster aspiration device.” After the clot removal procedure, the patient usually receives medication to prevent additional clotting. But anti-clotting drugs can also lead to dangerous bleeding in a brain that’s already been injured by stroke. There are different classes of anti-clotting drugs, including ones that prevent platelets from forming clots and others that dissolve the protein bonds that hold the clot together. Learning more about the composition of different clot fragments will help researchers design studies to test which drugs work best in which patients. In the current paper, the researchers identified four key risk factors that increased the chance of a clot fragmenting and a portion lodging in a downstream blood vessel. First, if blood pressure was low, then there was less force pushing the clot fragments through the vessels, and more chance that a clot fragment could settle in and create a blockage. Second, patients who had been given the clot-dissolving drug tPA ended up with more clot fragments, which makes sense: tPA’s one job is to break up clots. Third, when the original blockage in the large artery was primarily made up of red blood cells, there was a greater chance of clot fragments taking root than if the original blockage clot was mostly platelets. Red blood cell clots are more likely to break apart and spawn new clot fragments. The fourth risk factor was atrial fibrillation, a type of irregular heartbeat that can increase the risk of clot formation. People with atrial fibrillation are more likely to have red blood cell-rich, fragile clots, which form in the heart. Saver emphasizes that the risk of clot fragments breaking off and forming a new blockage is not a reason to avoid mechanical clot removal for stroke. “You’re usually much better off if you have the big artery opened, even if you have a smaller artery blocked afterward as a result of the fragmentation,” Saver says. “Still, we’re constantly trying to understand more about what causes clots to fragment and how to design devices and drugs to avoid that.” Learn more about UCLA’s Comprehensive Stroke and Vascular Neurology Program. Caroline Seydel is the author of this article. Please sign in or register to post a reply. Related Posts
This is a good article. Click here for more information. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Prions) Jump to navigation Jump to search Prion diseases Histology bse.jpg Microscopic "holes" are characteristic in prion-affected tissue sections, causing the tissue to develop a "spongy" architecture. This causes deterioration of the sponge-like tissue in the brain. SpecialtyInfectious disease Prions are misfolded proteins with the ability to transmit their misfolded shape onto normal variants of the same protein. They characterize several fatal and transmissible neurodegenerative diseases in humans and many other animals.[3] It is not known what causes the normal protein to misfold, but the abnormal three-dimensional structure is suspected of conferring infectious properties, collapsing nearby protein molecules into the same shape. The word prion derives from "proteinaceous infectious particle".[4][5][6] The hypothesized role of a protein as an infectious agent stands in contrast to all other known infectious agents such as viroids, viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, all of which contain nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, or both). Prion isoforms of the prion protein (PrP), whose specific function is uncertain, are hypothesized as the cause of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs),[7] including scrapie in sheep, chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle (commonly known as "mad cow disease") and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) in humans. All known prion diseases in mammals affect the structure of the brain or other neural tissue; all are progressive, have no known effective treatment, and are always fatal.[8] Until 2015, all known mammalian prion diseases were considered to be caused by the prion protein (PrP); however in 2015 multiple system atrophy (MSA) was hypothesized to be caused by a prion form of alpha-synuclein.[9] Prions form abnormal aggregates of proteins called amyloids, which accumulate in infected tissue and are associated with tissue damage and cell death.[10] Amyloids are also responsible for several other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.[11][12] Prion aggregates are stable, and this structural stability means that prions are resistant to denaturation by chemical and physical agents: they cannot be destroyed by ordinary disinfection or cooking. This makes disposal and containment of these particles difficult. A prion disease is a type of proteopathy, or disease of structurally abnormal proteins. In humans, prions are believed to be the cause of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD), its variant (vCJD), Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome (GSS), fatal familial insomnia (FFI), and kuru.[4] There is also evidence suggesting prions may play a part in the process of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); these have been termed prion-like diseases.[13][14][15][16] Several yeast proteins have also been identified as having prionogenic properties.[17][18] Prion replication is subject to epimutation and natural selection just as for other forms of replication, and their structure varies slightly between species.[19] Etymology and pronunciation[edit] The word prion, coined in 1982 by Stanley B. Prusiner, is derived from protein and infection, hence prion,[20][21] and is short for "proteinaceous infectious particle",[9] in reference to its ability to self-propagate and transmit its conformation to other proteins.[22] Its main pronunciation is /ˈprɒn/ (About this soundlisten),[23][24][25] although /ˈprɒn/, as the homographic name of the bird (prions or whalebirds) is pronounced,[25] is also heard.[26] In his 1982 paper introducing the term, Prusiner specified that it is "pronounced pree-on."[27] Prion protein[edit] PrPC is a normal protein found on the membranes of cells, "including several blood components of which platelets constitute the largest reservoir in humans."[29] It has 209 amino acids (in humans), one disulfide bond, a molecular mass of 35–36 kDa and a mainly alpha-helical structure. Several topological forms exist; one cell surface form anchored via glycolipid and two transmembrane forms.[30] The normal protein is not sedimentable; meaning that it cannot be separated by centrifuging techniques.[31] Its function is a complex issue that continues to be investigated. PrPC binds copper (II) ions with high affinity.[32] The significance of this finding is not clear, but it is presumed to relate to PrP structure or function. PrPC is readily digested by proteinase K and can be liberated from the cell surface in vitro by the enzyme phosphoinositide phospholipase C (PI-PLC), which cleaves the glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) glycolipid anchor.[33] PrP has been reported to play important roles in cell-cell adhesion and intracellular signaling in vivo, and may therefore be involved in cell-cell communication in the brain.[34] Protease-resistant PrPSc-like protein (PrPres) is the name given to any isoform of PrPc which is structurally altered and converted into a misfolded proteinase K-resistant form in vitro.[35] To model conversion of PrPC to PrPSc in vitro, Saborio et al. rapidly converted PrPC into a PrPres by a procedure involving cyclic amplification of protein misfolding.[36] The term "PrPres" has been used to distinguish between PrPSc, which is isolated from infectious tissue and associated with the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy agent.[37] For example, unlike PrPSc, PrPres may not necessarily be infectious. Photomicrograph of mouse neurons showing red stained inclusions identified as scrapies prion protein. Prion protein (stained in red) revealed in a photomicrograph of neural tissue from a scrapie-infected mouse. The infectious isoform of PrP, known as PrPSc, or simply the prion, is able to convert normal PrPC proteins into the infectious isoform by changing their conformation, or shape; this, in turn, alters the way the proteins interconnect. PrPSc always causes prion disease. Although the exact 3D structure of PrPSc is not known, it has a higher proportion of β-sheet structure in place of the normal α-helix structure.[38] Aggregations of these abnormal isoforms form highly structured amyloid fibers, which accumulate to form plaques. The end of each fiber acts as a template onto which free protein molecules may attach, allowing the fiber to grow. Under most circumstances, only PrP molecules with an identical amino acid sequence to the infectious PrPSc are incorporated into the growing fiber.[31] However, rare cross-species transmission is also possible.[39] Normal function of PrP[edit] PrP and regulated cell death[edit] PrP and long-term memory[edit] A review of evidence in 2005 suggested that PrP may have a normal function in maintenance of long-term memory.[42] As well, a 2004 study found that mice lacking genes for normal cellular PrP protein show altered hippocampal long-term potentiation.[43][44] A recent study that might explain why this is found that neuronal protein CPEB has a similar genetic sequence to yeast prion proteins. The prion-like formation of CPEB is essential for maintaining long-term synaptic changes associated with long term memory formation.[45] PrP and stem cell renewal[edit] PrP and innate immunity[edit] Prion replication[edit] Heterodimer model of prion propagation Fibril model of prion propagation. An alternative model assumes that PrPSc exists only as fibrils, and that fibril ends bind PrPC and convert it into PrPSc. If this were all, then the quantity of prions would increase linearly, forming ever longer fibrils. But exponential growth of both PrPSc and of the quantity of infectious particles is observed during prion disease.[50][51][52] This can be explained by taking into account fibril breakage.[53] A mathematical solution for the exponential growth rate resulting from the combination of fibril growth and fibril breakage has been found.[54] The exponential growth rate depends largely on the square root of the PrPC concentration.[54] The incubation period is determined by the exponential growth rate, and in vivo data on prion diseases in transgenic mice match this prediction.[54] The same square root dependence is also seen in vitro in experiments with a variety of different amyloid proteins.[55] Researchers at Dartmouth College discovered that endogenous host cofactor molecules such as the phospholipid molecule (e.g phosphaditylethanolamine) and polyanions (e.g. single stranded RNA molecules) are necessary to form PrPSc molecules with high levels of specific infectivity in vitro, whereas protein-only PrPSc molecules appear to lack significant levels of biological infectivity.[57][58] Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies[edit] Diseases caused by prions Affected animal(s) Disease Sheep, Goat Scrapie[59] Cattle Mad cow disease[59] Camel[60] Camel spongiform encephalopathy (CSE) Mink[59] Transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) Cat[59] Feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE) Ostrich[61] Spongiform encephalopathy (unknown if transmissible) Human Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD)[59] Iatrogenic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (iCJD) Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD) Familial Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (fCJD) Sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD) Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome (GSS)[59] Fatal familial insomnia (FFI)[62] Familial spongiform encephalopathy[63] Variably protease-sensitive prionopathy (VPSPr) Prions cause neurodegenerative disease by aggregating extracellularly within the central nervous system to form plaques known as amyloids, which disrupt the normal tissue structure. This disruption is characterized by "holes" in the tissue with resultant spongy architecture due to the vacuole formation in the neurons.[64] Other histological changes include astrogliosis and the absence of an inflammatory reaction.[65] While the incubation period for prion diseases is relatively long (5 to 20 years), once symptoms appear the disease progresses rapidly, leading to brain damage and death.[66] Neurodegenerative symptoms can include convulsions, dementia, ataxia (balance and coordination dysfunction), and behavioural or personality changes. All known prion diseases are untreatable and fatal.[69] However, a vaccine developed in mice may provide insight into providing a vaccine to resist prion infections in humans.[70] Additionally, in 2006 scientists announced that they had genetically engineered cattle lacking a necessary gene for prion production – thus theoretically making them immune to BSE,[71] building on research indicating that mice lacking normally occurring prion protein are resistant to infection by scrapie prion protein.[72] In 2013, a study revealed that 1 in 2,000 people in the United Kingdom might harbour the infectious prion protein that causes vCJD.[73] Until 2015 all known mammalian prion diseases were considered to be caused by the prion protein, PrP; in 2015 multiple system atrophy was found to be transmissible and was hypothesized to be caused by a new prion, the misfolded form of a protein called alpha-synuclein.[9] The endogenous, properly folded form of the prion protein is denoted PrPC (for Common or Cellular), whereas the disease-linked, misfolded form is denoted PrPSc (for Scrapie), after one of the diseases first linked to prions and neurodegeneration.[31][13] The precise structure of the prion is not known, though they can be formed spontaneously by combining PrPC, homopolymeric polyadenylic acid, and lipids in a protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) reaction even in the absence of pre-existing infectious prions.[57] This result is further evidence that prion replication does not require genetic information.[74] A University of California research team has provided evidence for the theory that infection can occur from prions in manure.[78] And, since manure is present in many areas surrounding water reservoirs, as well as used on many crop fields, it raises the possibility of widespread transmission. It was reported in January 2011 that researchers had discovered prions spreading through airborne transmission on aerosol particles, in an animal testing experiment focusing on scrapie infection in laboratory mice.[79] Preliminary evidence supporting the notion that prions can be transmitted through use of urine-derived human menopausal gonadotropin, administered for the treatment of infertility, was published in 2011.[80] Prions in plants[edit] Infectious particles possessing nucleic acid are dependent upon it to direct their continued replication. Prions, however, are infectious by their effect on normal versions of the protein. Sterilizing prions, therefore, requires the denaturation of the protein to a state in which the molecule is no longer able to induce the abnormal folding of normal proteins. In general, prions are quite resistant to proteases, heat, ionizing radiation, and formaldehyde treatments,[83] although their infectivity can be reduced by such treatments. Effective prion decontamination relies upon protein hydrolysis or reduction or destruction of protein tertiary structure. Examples include sodium hypochlorite, sodium hydroxide, and strongly acidic detergents such as LpH.[84] 134 °C (273 °F) for 18 minutes in a pressurized steam autoclave has been found to be somewhat effective in deactivating the agent of disease.[85][86] Ozone sterilization is currently being studied as a potential method for prion denaturation and deactivation.[87] Renaturation of a completely denatured prion to infectious status has not yet been achieved; however, partially denatured prions can be renatured to an infective status under certain artificial conditions.[88] Degradation resistance in nature[edit] Overwhelming evidence shows that prions resist degradation and persist in the environment for years, and proteases do not degrade them. Experimental evidence shows that unbound prions degrade over time, while soil-bound prions remain at stable or increasing levels, suggesting that prions likely accumulate in the environment.[90][91] One 2015 study by US scientists found that repeated drying and wetting may render soil bound prions less infectious, although this was dependent on the soil type they were bound to.[92] Proteins showing prion-type behavior are also found in some fungi, which has been useful in helping to understand mammalian prions. Fungal prions do not appear to cause disease in their hosts.[93] In yeast, protein refolding to the prion configuration is assisted by chaperone proteins such as Hsp104.[18] All known prions induce the formation of an amyloid fold, in which the protein polymerises into an aggregate consisting of tightly packed beta sheets. Amyloid aggregates are fibrils, growing at their ends, and replicate when breakage causes two growing ends to become four growing ends. The incubation period of prion diseases is determined by the exponential growth rate associated with prion replication, which is a balance between the linear growth and the breakage of aggregates.[54] Fungal proteins exhibiting templated conformational change[further explanation needed] were discovered in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Reed Wickner in the early 1990s. For their mechanistic similarity to mammalian prions, they were termed yeast prions. Subsequent to this, a prion has also been found in the fungus Podospora anserina. These prions behave similarly to PrP, but, in general, are nontoxic to their hosts. Susan Lindquist's group at the Whitehead Institute has argued some of the fungal prions are not associated with any disease state, but may have a useful role; however, researchers at the NIH have also provided arguments suggesting that fungal prions could be considered a diseased state.[94] There is evidence that fungal proteins have evolved specific functions that are beneficial to the microorganism that enhance their ability to adapt to their diverse environments.[95] Fungal prions Protein Natural host Normal function Prion state Prion phenotype Year identified Sfp1 S. cerevisiae Putative transcription factor [ISP+] Antisuppression 2010[96][contradictory] There are no effective treatments for prion diseases.[97] Clinical trials in humans have not met with success and have been hampered by the rarity of prion diseases.[97] Although some potential treatments have shown promise in the laboratory, none has been effective once the disease has commenced.[98] In other diseases[edit] Prion-like domains have been found in a variety of other mammalian proteins. Some of these proteins have been implicated in the ontogeny of age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions (FTLD-U), Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease.[99][15][14] They are also implicated in some forms of systemic amyloidosis including AA amyloidosis that develops in humans and animals with inflammatory and infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and HIV AIDS. AA amyloidosis, like prion disease, may be transmissible.[100] This has given rise to the 'prion paradigm', where otherwise harmless proteins can be converted to a pathogenic form by a small number of misfolded, nucleating proteins.[101] Role in neurodegenerative disease[edit] Prions can be employed as a weaponized agent.[105][106] With potential fatality rates of 100%, it makes prions a very effective bio-weapon choice. One unfavorable aspect is that prions have very long incubation periods. However, persistent and heavy exposure of prions to intestine, might shorten the overall onset.[107] Also, one large benefit for using prions in warfare, is that detecting prions and decontaminating them is rather difficult.[108] In the 18th and 19th centuries, exportation of sheep from Spain was observed to coincide with a disease called scrapie. This disease caused the affected animals to “lie down, bite at their feet and legs, rub their backs against posts, fail to thrive, stop feeding and finally become lame”.[109] The disease was also observed to have the long incubation period that is a key characteristic of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Although the cause of scrapie was not known back then, it is probably the first transmissible spongiform encephalopathy to be recorded. In the 1950s, Carleton Gajdusek began research which eventually showed that kuru could be transmitted to chimpanzees by what was possibly a new infectious agent, work for which he eventually won the 1976 Nobel prize. During the 1960s, two London-based researchers, radiation biologist Tikvah Alper and biophysicist John Stanley Griffith, developed the hypothesis that the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are caused by an infectious agent consisting solely of proteins.[110][111] Earlier investigations by E.J. Field into scrapie and kuru had found evidence for the transfer of pathologically inert polysaccharides that only become infectious post-transfer, in the new host.[112][113] Alper and Griffith wanted to account for the discovery that the mysterious infectious agent causing the diseases scrapie and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease resisted ionizing radiation.[114] Griffith proposed three ways in which a protein could be a pathogen.[115] Francis Crick recognized the potential significance of the Griffith protein-only hypothesis for scrapie propagation in the second edition of his "Central dogma of molecular biology" (1970): While asserting that the flow of sequence information from protein to protein, or from protein to RNA and DNA was "precluded", he noted that Griffith's hypothesis was a potential contradiction (although it was not so promoted by Griffith).[117] The revised hypothesis was later formulated, in part, to accommodate reverse transcription (which both Howard Temin and David Baltimore discovered in 1970).[118] In 1982, Stanley B. Prusiner of the University of California, San Francisco, announced that his team had purified the hypothetical infectious protein, which did not appear to be present in healthy hosts, though they did not manage to isolate the protein until two years after Prusiner's announcement.[119][27] The protein was named a prion, for "proteinacious infectious particle", derived from the words protein and infection. When the prion was discovered, Griffith's first hypothesis, that the protein was the product of a normally silent gene was favored by many. It was subsequently discovered, however, that the same protein exists in normal hosts but in different form.[120] Following the discovery of the same protein in different form in uninfected individuals, the specific protein that the prion was composed of was named the prion protein (PrP), and Griffith's second hypothesis that an abnormal form of a host protein can convert other proteins of the same type into its abnormal form, became the dominant theory.[116] Prusiner won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1997 for his research into prions.[121] See also[edit] 1. ^ "English pronunciation of prion". Cambridge Dictionary. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 30 March 2020. 2. ^ "Definition of Prion". Random House, Inc. 2021. Definition 2 of 2. Retrieved 2021-09-12. 3. ^ "Prion diseases". Diseases and conditions. National Institute of Health. 4. ^ a b "Prion diseases". United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2019-05-03. 6. ^ "Prion infectious agent". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 15 May 2018. 11. ^ Golde TE, Borchelt DR, Giasson BI, Lewis J (May 2013). "Thinking laterally about neurodegenerative proteinopathies". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 123 (5): 1847–55. doi:10.1172/JCI66029. PMC 3635732. PMID 23635781. 14. ^ a b Olanow CW, Brundin P (January 2013). "Parkinson's disease and alpha synuclein: is Parkinson's disease a prion-like disorder?". Movement Disorders. 28 (1): 31–40. doi:10.1002/mds.25373. PMID 23390095. S2CID 38287298. 15. ^ a b Goedert M (August 2015). "NEURODEGENERATION. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: The prion concept in relation to assembled Aβ, tau, and α-synuclein". Science. 349 (6248): 1255555. doi:10.1126/science.1255555. PMID 26250687. S2CID 206558562. 16. ^ Lee S, Kim HJ (March 2015). "Prion-like Mechanism in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: are Protein Aggregates the Key?". Experimental Neurobiology. 24 (1): 1–7. doi:10.5607/en.2015.24.1.1. PMC 4363329. PMID 25792864. 20. ^ "prion". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 21. ^ "prion". Unabridged. Random House. 24. ^ "Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary". Elsevier.(subscription required) 25. ^ a b "Merriam-Webster's Unabridged Dictionary". Merriam-Webster.(subscription required) 26. ^ Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, archived from the original on 2015-09-25, retrieved 2016-07-22. 27. ^ a b Prusiner SB (April 1982). "Novel proteinaceous infectious particles cause scrapie" (PDF). Science. 216 (4542): 136–44. Bibcode:1982Sci...216..136P. doi:10.1126/science.6801762. PMID 6801762. S2CID 7447120. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-07-20. 29. ^ Robertson C, Booth SA, Beniac DR, Coulthart MB, Booth TF, McNicol A (15 May 2006). "Cellular prion protein is released on exosomes from activated platelets". Blood. 107 (10): 3907–3911. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-02-0802. PMID 16434486. 30. ^ Hegde RS, Mastrianni JA, Scott MR, DeFea KA, Tremblay P, Torchia M, DeArmond SJ, Prusiner SB, Lingappa VR (February 1998). "A transmembrane form of the prion protein in neurodegenerative disease" (PDF). Science. 279 (5352): 827–34. Bibcode:1998Sci...279..827H. doi:10.1126/science.279.5352.827. PMID 9452375. S2CID 20176119. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-02-23. 31. ^ a b c Carp RI, Kascap RJ (2004). "Taking aim at the transmissible spongiform encephalopathie's infectious agents". In Krull IS, Nunnally BK (eds.). Prions and mad cow disease. New York: Marcel Dekker. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-8247-4083-2. 34. ^ Málaga-Trillo E, Solis GP, Schrock Y, Geiss C, Luncz L, Thomanetz V, Stuermer CA (March 2009). Weissmann C (ed.). "Regulation of embryonic cell adhesion by the prion protein". PLOS Biology. 7 (3): e55. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000055. PMC 2653553. PMID 19278297. 35. ^ Riesner D (2003-06-01). "Biochemistry and structure of PrP(C) and PrP(Sc)". British Medical Bulletin. 66 (1): 21–33. doi:10.1093/bmb/66.1.21. PMID 14522846. 36. ^ Saborio GP, Permanne B, Soto C (June 2001). "Sensitive detection of pathological prion protein by cyclic amplification of protein misfolding". Nature. 411 (6839): 810–3. Bibcode:2001Natur.411..810S. doi:10.1038/35081095. PMID 11459061. S2CID 4317585. 39. ^ Kurt TD, Sigurdson CJ (2016). "Cross-species transmission of CWD prions". Prion. 10 (1): 83–91. doi:10.1080/19336896.2015.1118603. PMC 4981193. PMID 26809254. 41. ^ Nailwal H, Chan FK (2019). "Necroptosis in anti-viral inflammation". Nature. 26 (1): 4–13. doi:10.1038/s41418-018-0172-x. PMC 6294789. PMID 30050058. 45. ^ Sudhakarana IP, Ramaswamia M (2016-10-11). "Long-term memory consolidation: The role of RNA-binding proteins with prion-like domains". RNA Biology. 14 (5): 568–86. doi:10.1080/15476286.2016.1244588. PMC 5449092. PMID 27726526. 47. ^ Lathe R, Darlix JL (December 2017). "Prion Protein PRNP: A New Player in Innate Immunity? The Aβ Connection". Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports. 1 (1): 263–275. doi:10.3233/ADR-170037. PMC 6159716. PMID 30480243. 54. ^ a b c d Masel J, Jansen VA, Nowak MA (March 1999). "Quantifying the kinetic parameters of prion replication". Biophysical Chemistry. 77 (2–3): 139–52. CiteSeerX doi:10.1016/S0301-4622(99)00016-2. PMID 10326247. 57. ^ a b Deleault NR, Harris BT, Rees JR, Supattapone S (June 2007). "Formation of native prions from minimal components in vitro". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (23): 9741–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.0702662104. PMC 1887554. PMID 17535913. 58. ^ Deleault NR, Walsh DJ, Piro JR, Wang F, Wang X, Ma J, et al. (July 2012). "Cofactor molecules maintain infectious conformation and restrict strain properties in purified prions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (28): E1938-46. doi:10.1073/pnas.1206999109. PMC 3396481. PMID 22711839. 64. ^ Robbins SL, Cotran RS, Kumar V, Collins T, eds. (1999). Robbins pathologic basis of disease. Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 072167335X. 67. ^ Collinge J (2001). "Prion diseases of humans and animals: their causes and molecular basis" (PDF). Annual Review of Neuroscience. 24: 519–50. doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.519. PMID 11283320. S2CID 18915904. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-02-25. 68. ^ Ironside JW (March 2006). "Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease: risk of transmission by blood transfusion and blood therapies". Haemophilia. 12 (Suppl 1): 8–15, discussion 26–28. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2006.01195.x. PMID 16445812. 74. ^ Moda F (2017). "Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification of Infectious Prions". Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science. 150: 361–374. doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.06.016. ISBN 9780128112267. PMID 28838669. 75. ^ Groschup MH, Kretzschmar HA, eds. (2001). Prion Diseases Diagnosis and Pathogeneis. Archives of Virology. 16. New York: Springer. ISBN 978-3211835302. 77. ^ Johnson CJ, Pedersen JA, Chappell RJ, McKenzie D, Aiken JM (July 2007). "Oral transmissibility of prion disease is enhanced by binding to soil particles". PLOS Pathogens. 3 (7): e93. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030093. PMC 1904474. PMID 17616973. 81. ^ Beecher C (June 1, 2015). "Surprising' Discovery Made About Chronic Wasting Disease". Food Safety News. Retrieved 2016-04-08. 88. ^ Weissmann C, Enari M, Klöhn PC, Rossi D, Flechsig E (December 2002). "Transmission of prions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (Suppl 4): 16378–83. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916378W. doi:10.1073/pnas.172403799. PMC 139897. PMID 12181490. 90. ^ Zabel M, Ortega A (September 2017). "The Ecology of Prions". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 81 (3). doi:10.1128/MMBR.00001-17. PMC 5584314. PMID 28566466. 91. ^ Kuznetsova A, Cullingham C, McKenzie D, Aiken JM (November 2018). "Soil humic acids degrade CWD prions and reduce infectivity". PLOS Pathogens. 14 (11): e1007414. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1007414. PMC 6264147. PMID 30496301. 92. ^ Yuan Q, Eckland T, Telling G, Bartz J, Bartelt-Hunt S (February 2015). "Mitigation of prion infectivity and conversion capacity by a simulated natural process--repeated cycles of drying and wetting". PLOS Pathogens. 11 (2): e1004638. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004638. PMC 4335458. PMID 25665187. 97. ^ a b Aguzzi A, Lakkaraju AKK, Frontzek K (January 2018). "Toward Therapy of Human Prion Diseases" (PDF). Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 58: 331–51. doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010617-052745. PMID 28961066. 98. ^ "Prion Clinic – Drug treatments". 103. ^ Ayers JI, Prusiner SB (April 2020). "Prion protein - mediator of toxicity in multiple proteinopathies". Nature Reviews. Neurology. 16 (4): 187–188. doi:10.1038/s41582-020-0332-8. PMID 32123368. S2CID 211728879. 105. ^ "What are Biological Weapons?". United Nations, Office for Disarmament Affairs. Retrieved 21 May 2021. 106. ^ "Prions: the danger of biochemical weapons" (PDF). Retrieved 21 May 2021. 107. ^ "The Next Plague: Prions are Tiny, Mysterious and Frightening". American Council on Science and Health. 20 March 2017. Retrieved 21 May 2021. 108. ^ "Prions as Bioweapons? - Much Ado About Nothing; or Apt Concerns Over Tiny Proteins used in Biowarfare". Defence iQ. 13 September 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2021. 109. ^ "How Prions Came to Be: A Brief History – Infectious Disease: Superbugs, Science, & Society". Retrieved 2021-09-17. 116. ^ a b Bolton D (January 1, 2004). "Prions, the Protein Hypothesis, and Scientific Revolutions". In Nunnally BK, Krull IS (eds.). Prions and Mad Cow Disease. Marcel Dekker. pp. 21–60. ISBN 978-0-203-91297-3 – via ResearchGate. 118. ^ Coffin JM, Fan H (September 2016). "The Discovery of Reverse Transcriptase". Annual Review of Virology. 3 (1): 29–51. doi:10.1146/annurev-virology-110615-035556. PMID 27482900. 120. ^ Atkinson CJ, Zhang K, Munn AL, Wiegmans A, Wei MQ (2016). "Prion protein scrapie and the normal cellular prion protein". Prion. 10 (1): 63–82. doi:10.1080/19336896.2015.1110293. PMC 4981215. PMID 26645475. 121. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1997". Retrieved 2010-02-28. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1997 was awarded to Stanley B. Prusiner 'for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection.' External links[edit]
The Basics of Forex Trading The basics of currency trading...The Foreign Exchange or Forex or Fx is the global market where governments, banks, corporations, and traders meet to exchange currencies. What is the Foreign Exchange or Forex market? The currency market is the world’s largest and most liquid financial market with an average daily turnover of over 4 trillion US dollars. These are some facts regarding the Forex Market: -The Forex market is open 24/5 -The most important currency trading centers are London, New York, Tokyo, Zurich, Frankfurt, Hong Kong, and Singapore -Currency trading uses the ECN network (Electronic Communicational Network) -The most traded currency is the US Dollar and the most traded pair is EURUSD Different Instruments for Trading Forex Currencies There are more than 100 different currencies worldwide. However, most transactions involve four (4) currencies (US Dollar, Euro, Yen, and the British Pound Sterling). Other key currencies include the Swiss Franc, the Australian dollar, the Canadian dollar, and the New Zeeland Dollar. Forex currencies can be traded using a wide number of different financial instruments: 1. Spot transactions 2. CFDs (Contract for Difference) 3. Futures Contracts 4. Currency Forwards 5. Currency Swaps 6. Currency Option Contracts (American, European, Binaries, etc.) Spot trading (1) and CFDs (2) are the common financial instruments used by retail Forex traders. Gaining access to currency derivatives (3, 4, 5, and 6) is considerably difficult for non-institutional traders. Trading Styles These are the main Forex trading styles: • Intraday Trading (very difficult and very risky) • News Trading (demanding, requiring the use of top technology) • Swing Trading (an efficient way for retail traders to trade the market) • Carry-trade (can be very profitable, requiring good timing) • Position and Long-term Trading (requiring a perfect understanding of the macroeconomic environment • Automated Trading (very demanding, requiring the use of top technology) Basic Forex Trading Terms These are the basic terms when trading Forex: A currency pair includes two currencies and shows the value of a currency by its comparison to another currency. The base currency is the first currency quoted in a currency pair. For example, EUR is the basic currency of the EURUSD pair. The quote currency is the second currency quoted in a currency pair in the forex. For example, USD is the quote currency of the EURUSD pair. ECN means Electronic Communication Network and refers to a bridge between retail traders and liquidity providers through an ECN Forex Broker. • PIP Pip is the smallest price change in an exchange rate. As most Forex pairs are priced to four decimal places (0.0000), the smallest price change happens to the last decimal point (0.0001). That means 1 pip equals 0.0001. Note that the smallest price change in Forex pairs including the Japanese Yen (JPY) is the second decimal point (000.01). The Forex Majors are the most traded Forex pairs including the US Dollar (EURUSD, USDJPY, GBPUSD, USDCHF, USDCAD, AUDUSD, and NZDUSD). Cross-currency pairs or else Forex crosses are currency pairs that do not include the US dollar. For example, EURGBP, EURJPY, GBPJPY, and EURCHF. Key Forex Trading Recommendations Foreign Exchange trading is very demanding and it is not suitable for all traders. Here are some key recommendations: (1) A Demo Account is a Great Start If you are a newbie, start with a Demo Account, and trade for at least 2-3 months to test your skills in every market condition. Then move to a micro-lot or a mini-lot account type, not a standard-lot account. (2) Trade Small Sizes Trading small sizes is very important especially for not-advanced traders. Small-sized trades can be easier to maintained and allow traders to run their profits without anxiety. Furthermore, small-sized trades limit the overall portfolio risk and leave room for losses. (3) Run Your Profits The general rule is 80% of the annual profits are generated by 20% of all trades. In order to be profitable in the long-run, you must let your positions grow. You can use mental stops or trailing-stops to secure your profits. (4) Trading Leverage can be a Disaster Trading leverage sounds like an opportunity, but actually, it increases your trading risk and at the same time your trading cost. The trading leverage is useful only for intraday-traders who really know what they are doing. (5) Select Carefully your Forex Broker Select an ECN/STP broker that is regulated and headquartered in a serious country. Mind your trading cost, not your trading bonus. Fx Currency Symbols A currency symbol is a graphical symbol representing a form of money. This symbol is usually unique to a specific country. This is a List with all popular Forex Currencies and their Symbols. Argentine Peso ARS $ Australian Dollar AUD $ Bahraini Dinar BHD n/a Barbadian Dollar BBD $ Brazilian Real BRL R$ British Pound GBP £ Canadian Dollar CAD $ Central African CFA franc XAF n/a Chilean Peso CLP $ Chinese Yuan CNY Czech Koruna CZK Danish Krone DKK kr East Caribbean Dollar XCD $ Egyptian Pound EGP £ Estonian Kroon EEK kr Euro EUR Hong Kong Dollar HKD Hungarian Forint HUF Ft Icelandic Krona ISK kr Indian Rupee INR Indonesian Rupiah IDR Rp Israeli Sheqel ILS Jamaican Dollar JMD J$ Japanese Yen JPY ¥ Jordanian Dinar JOD n/a Kenyan Shilling KES n/a Latvian Lats LVL Ls Lebanese Pound LBP £ Lithuanian Litas LTL Lt Malaysian Ringgit MYR RM Mexican Peso MXN $ Moroccan Dirham MAD n/a Namibian Dollar NAD $ Nepalese Rupee NPR New Zealand Dollar NZD $ Norwegian Krone NOK kr Omani Rial OMR Pakistani Rupee PKR Panamanian Balboa PAB B/. Philippine Peso PHP Ph Polish Zloty PLN Qatari Riyal QAR Romanian Leu RON le Russian Rouble RUB ру,; Saudi Riyal SAR Singapore Dollar SGD $ South African Rand ZAR R South Korean Won KRW Sri Lankan Rupee LKR Swedish Krona SEK kr Swiss Franc CHF CHF Thai Baht THB ฿ Turkish Lira TRY YTL United Arab Emirates Dirham AED n/a US Dollar USD $ Venezuelan bolivar VEF Bs West African Franc XOF n/a The Basics of Forex Trading G.P. for Forex-Investors.com (c)
writing question 300words Examine the question inside the discussion board and provide a response based on the readings and resources. You are encouraged to take a position on the issue and to support it with deductive reasoning, logic along and references to the textbook. • Length: 300 words minimum • Requirements: Use the text as a resource (e.g. Wood, 2016, p 4) and also cite at the bottom of your post using APA style. • Option 1: Visit a public space and observe two people interacting for at least 10 minutes. These must be people you DO NOT KNOW. You will need to be able to observe their body language, so if they are seated and you can’t see more than half of their bodies, then find a new set of people to observe. Please do not record or invade someone’s privacy — just be a fly on the wall so to speak. If this works for you, go to the guidelines below, if not, keep reading: I know this may not be a valid option for many of you due to the current shelter in place order – See option 2). • Option 2: Pick a show or a movie that you have never seen before (on TV, YouTube, Netflix, Hulu, Amazon Prime Video….). Select a dialog between two or more people. Turn the volume off. Watch the interaction between them. When a scene involving other people begins, you may stop watching. Make sure the scene you pick from the movie or show is long enough for you to observe with some depth. • Guidelines: I recommend taking notes while you’re observing so you can post a thorough response. Body language includes many, many things, such as facial expressions, eye contact, arm and hand gestures, posture, leg movements, personal space, positioning, physical appearance, artifacts (e.g., jewelry, purse, etc.), touch, smell (e.g., body odor, perfume, etc.), and silence. Please use the appropriate terminology (proxemics, kinesics, haptics, synchronicity, artifacts, chronemics, etc.). After you observe the conversation between these two people, answer the following question: What is the nature of the relationship between these two people? What examples can you cite to demonstrate how you reached that conclusion?Your answer can address such things as how long you think they’ve known each other; whether they are boss and subordinate, friends, or in a romantic relationship; whether they are getting along or annoyed at each other; if they are enjoying their time together; having a serious conversation; etc. Essentially, tell me as much as you can about what you’ve surmised about their relationship based solely on watching them. Use textbook references and cite to strengthen your position. Calculate your order Pages (275 words) Standard price: $0.00 Client Reviews Our Guarantees 100% Confidentiality Information about customers is confidential and never disclosed to third parties. Original Writing Timely Delivery Money Back Calculate the price of your order You will get a personal manager and a discount. We'll send you the first draft for approval by at Total price: Power up Your Academic Success with the Team of Professionals. We’ve Got Your Back. Power up Your Study Success with Experts We’ve Got Your Back.
How Long Will Unopened Grass Seed Last? Whether you recently seeded your lawn or keep an extra bag on hand for bare patch repairs, grass seeds have a limited shelf life. Being living organisms, these seeds interact with the surrounding air and moisture, which can change their germination chances. Unopened grass seed may last longer than an opened bag, but how you store them makes a difference in how long the seeds will remain viable. Ideal Conditions Grass seeds, like perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), which grows in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 3 through 9, may last up to five years in ideal storage conditions, notes Oregon State University Seed Laboratory. The surrounding environment must be dark, cool and free of excessive humidity, such as an air-conditioned area. Other grasses, depending on the variety, typically last up to three years in storage. Germination chances are still reduced within the storage period. For example, you need more seed to cover an area, compared to fresh seed, because a certain percentage will fail to sprout over time. Seeds and Moisture Seeds naturally exchange moisture with the air, beginning with their initial development. An unopened bag of grass seed lasts longer if it was harvested in dry conditions. With dry air surrounding the seeds in the field, they do not absorb as much moisture as they enter storage. As a result, fungal and rot issues decrease as their viability increases. Damaged seeds that are stored will not have the viability of healthy seeds -- cracks and broken seeds allow moisture to infiltrate the interior as pathogens and rot set in. Sealed vs. Bagged Seeds If you have grass seeds that are sealed into a package, they cannot exchange moisture with the surrounding air. With an optimum 13 percent internal moisture level, sealed seeds simply exchange air within their container -- no new moisture is introduced, so humidity levels remain low, with high viability over the years. Bagged seeds tend to have some air exchange with the outside environment. For example, a leaky pipe inside your storage area creates a humid atmosphere. Although within an unopened bag, seeds still feel the humidity effects slowly through tiny perforations and slowly lose their ability to sprout. Encouraging Seed Longevity Along with dry and cool conditions, seeds last longer if there is a constant air flow through the storage area. Vents with protective mesh allow air to circulate past the unopened grass seed bags to reduce any moisture buildup, as well as deter pests from entering through the vent itself. It is also good practice to spread the bags out so they are not piled on top of one another -- compacted seeds create heat that contributes to high humidity and reduced viability.
Radical Anti-Racist Unionism Has a History in Bessemer, Alabama Leaders of the International Union of Mine, Mill, and Smelter Workers gather for a 1954 convention in Bessemer, Alabama. Maurice Travis (R), secretary treasurer, lost his eye after being severely beaten during the Bessemer steelworkers union election five years prior. (Ira Gay Sealy/The Denver Post via Getty Images) Radical Mine-Mill labor organizers in the past confronted white supremacy in order to organize the working class in Bessemer. Mine-Mill’s decades of organizing in Bessemer helped lay the groundwork for today’s effort at Amazon. Communists played an important role in building industrial unions during the 1930s. Party members were embedded as shop-floor organizers in key industries throughout the country, helping channel worker discontent on the job into organizing drives and strikes. As dedicated organizers, Communists often rose to leadership positions in their unions and pushed unions to organize black workers in the segregated Jim Crow South. At their best, Communist-led unions were among the most well-organized and actively anti-racist in this period. One such union was Mine-Mill, perhaps best known today for its production of the film Salt of the Earth, released in 1954. The film used actual Mine-Mill workers and their families as actors to depict a 1951 strike and the resulting police repression against Mexican workers at a zinc mine in New Mexico. It also emphasized the important role that women played in leading the strike. Salt of the Earth faced virulent suppression that is shocking to consider today. Many theatres refused to show it, while actors were threatened for taking part. The lead actress, Rosaura Revueltas, was Mexican — she was deported in the middle of the film’s production. Distribution of the film was fought at every level and participation in its production punished at every turn, in the name of anti-communism. Rosaura Revueltas, the lead actress of The Salt of the Earth (1954), was deported to Mexico in the middle of the film’s production. (Independent Productions) But Mine-Mill’s radicalism extended far before Salt of the Earth, back to its roots in early twentieth-century hard rock mining in the American West. Unlike many other unions, such as the Globe Miners’ Union, Mine-Mill organized all workers regardless of race. In states like Arizona, Mine-Mill organized Mexican-American miners that other unions refused to organize. In 1918, Mine-Mill organizers traveled from Northern cities to Bessemer, Alabama, to organize steel workers at the segregated Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company (TCI). TCI responded with force through a vigilante group formed by the company — a group that would later form the basis for the Ku Klux Klan in the county. The vigilantes tarred and feathered one of the black organizers of Mine-Mill and threatened them never to return. But Mine-Mill did not back down from the threat of violence and returned to Bessemer in 1933. As it had done in Arizona with Mexican-American miners, Mine-Mill fought for black workers in Alabama when other company-controlled unions did not. In 1938, 80 percent of the Mine-Mill members in Bessemer were black. The union won important victories in there. In 1938, it won reinstatement for 160 miners fired for organizing as well as a total of $100,000 in back pay. The union’s commitment to integration in the segregated South meant that its leadership was split evenly between black and white workers. This made the Red Scare tactics that would soon be successfully leveled against the union a huge blow against militant, anti-racist trade unionism. In 1946, Maurice Travis, a Communist, was appointed as vice president of Mine-Mill. Mine-Mill was part of the CIO at the time, whose leadership was working to purge Communists from its ranks. At the 1946 CIO convention, a measure pushed by moderates to eliminate Communists from leadership positions in its unions was narrowly defeated. Some locals left Mine-Mill because of its Communist ties during this period. Mine-Mill’s president, Reid Robinson, was pressured by more moderate unionists to resign in 1947 as a result of these departures, which he eventually did. Reid’s resignation did little to ease tensions, however, because his resignation only promoted Maurice Travis, another Communist, to president. Eventually, the CIO pressured Travis to step down too, but he still served as Mine-Mill treasury secretary. In 1947, labor and radicals’ enemies struck their hammer blow: the Taft-Hartley Act. Passed in response to a wave of strikes in 1945 and 1946, the act dramatically weakening the gains labor had made during the presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Taft-Hartley allowed states to pass right-to-work laws, allowing workers represented by a union to not pay union dues, and prohibited wildcat strikes and striking for political demands. The law also required union officials to sign an oath stating that they did not support communism. Mine-Mill refused to comply with Taft-Hartley. Members like Maurice Travis refused to sign the non-Communist oath. In 1948, the CIO threatened to expel Mine-Mill over its refusal, and other conservative unions in the CIO started to actively challenge Mine-Mill for representation in its jurisdictions. In 1949, Maurice Travis traveled to Bessemer to advocate for Mine-Mill in the union election against the USWA. Travis had prepared to speak on the radio in favor of Mine-Mill shortly before the election. But at the radio station, he was severely beaten by a group of USWA supporters, leaving him permanently blind in one eye. USWA ran a racist, red-baiting campaign against Mine-Mill. The night before the election, nearly one hundred members of the Ku Klux Klan, descended from the company-organized vigilante group of the 1910s, rode by the Mine-Mill office with torches. USWA narrowly defeated Mine-Mill in the election of five thousand workers. Nearly all two thousand black workers voted for Mine-Mill.
Protect Natural Floodplain Functions Jefferson Parish is surrounded by the Mississippi River, many lakes, bayous, and canals; therefore, we must use drainage canals and pumping stations to remove stormwater into the surrounding waterways. Stormwater carries untreated water runoff directly into our storm drains which leads to waterways and impacts our environment. Parish Ordinance 16.9 and 16-9.2 states it is illegal to dump debris such as trash, oil, grease, or other pollutants in catch basins, drainage ditches, or canals. Do not dump anything into any portion of the Parish’s drainage system as debris can cause the drainage system to malfunction and increase flooding. The Jefferson Parish Department of Drainage has a drainage system maintenance program. You can help minimize flooding by cleaning catch basins in front of your property when they start to look like this. Contact the Drainage Department if you have questions or need to report illegal dumping. For an in-depth look at the Jefferson Parish drainage system, check out this drainage video.
Option A Arthur Dove Stanton Macdonald-Wright Marsden Hartley Max Weber Georgia OKeeffe Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper examining your selected artists development into abstraction that responds to the following: How and why did early American abstraction develop? What subjects were present in your artists abstract works? Describe with at least one example from the artist. What is your own response to the artists work? Format your paper according to appropriate course level APA guidelines. Submit your assignment to the Assignment Files tab. Is this part of your assignment? ORDER NOW
How long can turkey eggs go without heat What temperature do you hatch turkey eggs How many days does a turkey egg hatch Conclusions: Cooling eggs for short periods, say 30 to 40 minutes, on a regular basis (say once every 24 hours) at any stage during incubation has no detrimental effect and is probably of benefit. Avoid subjecting the eggs to over-temperature at any time but particularly in the early days of incubation no,any day up to about 14 15 any later and it dont work so good.the eggs will stay good for up to 5 days,reset any day up to 5 days but it dont work to reset in an incubater,but it will work to reset from incubater to a hen.hope this helps.after 5 days cold they start to rot Hatching Turkey Eggs. In confinement, the eggs can be collected and hatched out in an incubator. Turkey eggs incubate for about 28 days. The Temperature for Hatching Turkey Eggs. The temperature to hatch turkey eggs is the same as hatching chicken and duck eggs: 99.5°F-Forced Air Incubator; 100.5-101.5°F-Still Air Incubato You do not want the eggs to go from a temperature of 55 degrees F immediately to 99 degrees F (the temperature under the hen) because it will cause condensation within the egg. Hens take well to others eggs; she'll even hatch turkey, duck and goose eggs. how long does it take for wild turkey eggs to hatch? 28 day Turkeys lay eggs at a far slower rate than your average chicken. We're talking one or two eggs a week versus a standard hen's one-per-day. The entire turkey egg-laying process costs way more in factories, since the birds require much larger amounts of food and living space than their hen counterparts. It'll generally take about seven. Now it will take quite a few hours for the eggs to warm up , but if the temp hasn't reached at least 99. 5 degrees in a 24 hour period turn the temp up a bit more and carefully watch that it doesn't go above 101.5 degrees, It can get up to 103 and still be safe but this is the maximum temp and if it goes higher it will kill the embryo A turkey can lay up to 100 eggs a year and will lay between 2 and 3 eggs a week. In a natural setting, they will lay a clutch of eggs. This means they will lay between 10-12 eggs in about two weeks to fill their nest. Then they will go broody and begin to set on the eggs to hatch them out Using a Broody Turkey Hen. As with chickens, turkey hens can go broody. They do not make particularly good mothers, although there are always exceptions. On the whole, it is better to use an incubator for incubating and hatching the eggs. A broody turkey will take over a nest box and refuse to budge, complaining when anyone tries to move her Hens lay between 10-12 eggs during a two week period. Continuous incubation begins when the last egg is laid. The hen will only leave for a short period to feed and may remain on the nest for several consecutive days. Eggs will be incubated for 26-28 days. The hen sits quietly and moves about once an hour to turn and reposition the eggs. Poults. Turkey Eggs vs. Chicken Eggs . Turkey and chicken eggs share some similarities but are also very different from each other. Turkey eggs are quite a bit bigger than chicken eggs—more than 50 percent larger. Whereas a chicken egg weighs about 50 grams, a turkey egg comes in at about 90 grams, similar to the size of duck eggs Incubation time: 19-35 days, depending on breed Incubator temperature: 37.2°C (99°F) Incubator humidity: 55% or 84.5°F if you use a wet bulb thermometer Egg turning: 4 times a day Candling eggs: Day 7 Lockdown Date: Day 24 Lockdown temperature: 37.2°C (99°F) Lockdown humidity: 65% or 88°F if you use a wet bulb thermometer Incubating turkey eggs is an exercise in patience Turkeys need high protein levels in their feed to thrive. From hatch until about 12 weeks, we feed our poults a medicated, 28 percent protein starter for game birds. After 12 weeks, we switch to a. weeks. In contrast, the set of eggs that lived through the outage had 95% viability, 80% hatch rate, and 94% survival (to one week). (See my 99 cent ebook, Permaculture Chicken: Incubation Handbook for more information on calculating these rates and improving your hatch.) How long eggs can survive in the incubator without power depends on a. What temperature do you incubate turkey eggs at To hatch turkey eggs in an incubator, start by using a pencil to mark an x on one side of the eggs and an o on the other so you can turn them 180 degrees while they're incubating. Then, place the eggs in a heated incubator so the same side is facing up on each one. After you add the eggs, turn them 3 times a day for 25 days As a turkey breeder, whether novice or professional, incubating and hatching the eggs of a turkey is a delicate but interesting process. The eggs are laid between April and June. Depending on the size of the hen, the number of eggs per clutch can vary. Heavy breeds lay as few as 50 eggs, while lighter turkey breeds can lay as many as 100 eggs Simmer for a few minutes until the turkey is warmed through. If you want to crisp up the skin, discard the liquid and dry the pan with a clean towel. Add a teaspoon of oil and heat it over high heat. Add the reheated turkey, skin-side down, and cook for 3 to 5 minutes, until the exterior is crispy Turkey eggs are totally edible: Those who have backyard turkeys report their eggs taste remarkably similar to chicken eggs. They are slightly bigger, the shell slightly tougher, and the membrane between the shell and the egg slightly thicker, but otherwise, not too different. And the US produced more than 233 million turkeys in 2015, according. Butchering, Processing, And Cooking Turkey If you chose to go with a broad breasted turkey, they should reach butchering weight faster than a heritage breed of a turkey. With that being said, at 16-22 weeks they should be dressed out at around 12 to 14 pounds. A heritage breed turkey will mature at 25-30 weeks. Are turkeys easy to raise Heat Requirements for Turkey Poults. The temperature in the brooder should be set to 95°-98°F before the turkeys are placed in the brooder. Turkey's are heat-loving little birds. So watch their behavior in the brooder closely. If they are huddled under the light, they are cold. If they are hugging the side of the brooder, it is too hot 15 How do you know when turkey burgers are done without a thermometer? How long does it take to fry ground turkey? Cook turkey in a large nonstick skillet over medium heat, stirring to break up clumps, until no longer pink, 3 to 5 minutes If your poults go without water, slowly reintroduce water so they don't over indulge. Once they have rehydrated, give them free access to water again. Once poults are 6 weeks old, they can be transitioned from brooder to coop. Poults grow quickly after leaving the brooder, often becoming dominant birds in a mixed flock Preheat the grill for direct cooking over medium heat (350-450 degrees). In a medium bowl gently combine all ingredients. Grill the turkey burgers for 10-12 minutes over direct medium heat, with the lid closed as much as possible, turning once halfway through cooking Check Out Turkey Eggs on eBay. Fill Your Cart With Color today! Over 80% New & Buy It Now; This is the New eBay. Find Turkey Eggs now Age when Turkey's no longer need heat lamp? BackYard Hatching Turkey Eggs - Sustainable Farming - MOTHER EARTH NEW Usually turkey hens will start to lay eggs at around 7 to 8 months oldso you should see eggs in about 3 monthsmaybe a little bit earlier. With the heritage turkeys, it takes around 6 months for them to reach a good size for butchering Hold the Turkey In the Oven. If your oven isn't stuffed full of other dishes, or if you are one of the lucky folks who have a spare oven, then you can hold the turkey there at 200°F, although you should cover the bird to make sure it doesn't dry out. Cover the Turkey Up. The most common way to keep a turkey warm is to cover it with foil Heat. Turkey care in the first few critical weeks is much the same as caring for chicks; they need warmth and lots of it. You should keep their brooder at 95 - 100 degrees for the first week then drop it by 5 degrees each week until they have all of their adult feathers Raise the heat lamp a few inches each week (and lower the temperature roughly 5 degrees Fahrenheit) until the temperature in the brooder is 70 degrees. Maintain this level of heat until the poults. Turkeys don't lay as many eggs as chickens and therefore the supply of turkey chicks is usually tight, making them more expensive than day old chicken chicks. The rest of the cost of raising them is up to you. If you plan to feed them out, you can expect to go through several bags of feed, which can be anywhere from $15-20 per 50 pound bag Turkeys: Breeding, Hatching and Brooding Community Chicken 1. utes. Because the turkey, roast, chicken or whatever, comes out of a significantly hotter environment, there is a bit of time at the start where the food is still warmer than the danger zone 2. Many foods are kept refrigerated for this reason, and while some foods can stay safe longer than others, it is important to know just how long items can be left unrefrigerated. The Danger Zone The danger zone refers to perishable food that is left between 40 degrees and 140 degrees Fahrenheit 4. 20 to 24 pounds. 5 to 6 days. Keep the turkey in its original wrapper. Place it on a tray or in a pan to catch any juices that may leak. A thawed turkey can remain in the refrigerator for 1 to 2 days. If necessary, a turkey that has been properly thawed in the refrigerator may be refrozen. In Cold Water How long can egg survived without sitting A turkey is a great choice of pet. These are impressive looking birds with very interesting, regal-looking plumage. A male turkey strutting about your yard putting its plumage on full display can be a regal sight. While a turkey hen may not have the plumage of the male, it gives something that you can use - eggs The average ratio is that a tom turkey can be mated with as much as ten turkey hens. However, if this ratio is utilized, you run the risk of having your turkey hens produce less fertilized eggs. Thus it is best to use two toms and alternate them during the whole duration of the breeding process or cycle 7 Days. 6-8 Months. Deli Turkey lasts for. 5-6 Days. 1 Month. Of course, all foods last for a shorter period of time if they are not stored properly. But remember, turkey, like a lot of other proteins, usually has a sell by date and not a use by date or expiration date. Because of this distinction, you may safely use it even after the sell by. Turkey poults require the most protein during the first eight weeks of life, making a whole grain feed (28% protein) the best option. However, a broiler chicken feed consisting of 23-24% protein is efficient. Between nine and 24 weeks, you can decrease to 18-20% protein or offer a fermented feed On the average, turkeys start laying at the age of 7 months. They may lay between 12 and 16 eggs per clutch after which they will go broody. Even if the eggs have been removed, some turkeys will visit where they laid the eggs and brood. From my experience, turkey hens start laying approximately two weeks after coming on heat Nov 27, 2010 01:03 PM 54. We spent Thanksgiving at my in-law's, with the usual spread prepared in the usual ways, and ate at about 3pm. Later that night, I noticed the turkey was still sitting on the stove, covered in foil. I asked my partner if we should put it in the fridge, since there was still a good bit of meat left on the bird, and she. Turkey eggs hatch in 28 days. Eggs need to be placed in the incubator with the large end slightly elevated. Then, the egg needs to be turned on its axis five to seven times per day. Place two different markings (an X and and O for example) on opposite sides of the egg. This makes it easy to make sure all eggs have been turned properly How long can turkey sit out after cooking? Cooked food sitting at room temperature is in what the USDA calls the Danger Zone, which is between 40°F and 140°F. In this range of temperatures, bacteria grows rapidly and the food can become unsafe to eat, so it should only be left out no more than two hours Place turkey breast in 350° oven and heat until warm. 3/4 - 1.5 hours. Check temperature with a meat thermometer. The temperature should be 140° F. . Remove turkey breast from the wrapper. Let meat stand at room temperature 15 minutes to take off the chill. Carve turkey breast and serve immediately Alcohol can help carry the brine's flavors, allowing them to penetrate more deeply into the meat. Add as little as a tablespoon of strong, neutral alcohols like vodka or 1/4 cup of flavorful. As long as the turkey registers a temperature of 165 degrees F. it is safe to eat no matter the color. This requires a cooking time: At 235 degrees F your turkey will take 30 to 35 minutes per pound. At 250 degrees F your turkey will take 25 to 30 minutes per pound After they've reached 2 months, you can drop their feed to 18% protein. Make sure you don't feed poults or adult turkeys layer pellets. There's too much calcium in them. When the poults have reached one month, you can add chicken grit to their feed. Once they've reached8 weeks, you can begin adding grain to their diet 27 нояб. 2020 г. How long can a fully cooked turkey stay in the fridge? Cooked turkey will last in the fridge for about 3 to 4 days. As for the freezer, the lifespan of your leftover turkey depends on the quality of said freezer how long can hatching eggs survive if left by he Cooked turkey that's still pink can be safe to eat, says the U.S. Department of Agriculture — but only if the turkey's internal temperature has reached 165° F throughout. As the USDA points out, it's not unusual for turkey to remain pink in some areas, even after the poultry has been safely cooked Lightly spray or brush both sides of FROZEN turkey burgers with oil and place on grill about 4-inch above heat. Grill burgers 8 minutes on one side. Turn and grill other side 7 minutes or until done and a meat thermometer inserted in center of burger registers 165°F Skewer any turkey openings with toothpicks and tie the drumsticks together with kitchen twine. Place the turkey breast-side up on a rack in a roasting pan and brush it with melted butter. Bake the stuffed turkey, uncovered, for 3-3/4 to 4-1/2 hours, loosely covering the turkey with aluminum foil if it browns too quickly I've found that I can eat turkey without any problems as long as I don't go overboard. In other words, I don't consume it frequently but, when I do have it, I limit myself to a 3.5 oz (100 g) serving How long can you keep a thawed turkey in the refrigerator before cooking? 2 days. What does gone off Turkey smell like? Many times people can tell if a turkey is spoiled by the texture and smell of the turkey. Hanes said the skin of the turkey may become slimy, and the smell is often described as rotten eggs or like sulfur How long does a turkey burger take to cook? Coat a large nonstick skillet with cooking spray. Cook the burgers over medium heat for about 5 minutes, or until browned and crispy. Flip the burgers carefully and cook for 5 minutes longer, or until golden brown and a thermometer inserted in the center registers 165° and the meat is no longer pink Slightly soiled eggs can be used for hatching purposes without causing hatching problems, but dirty eggs should not be saved. Do not wash dirty eggs. Store eggs in a cool-humid storage area. Ideal storage conditions include a 55 degree F. temperature and 75% relative humidity. Store the eggs with the small end pointed downward How long undercooked turkey makes you sick? Many people with mild cases of food poisoning think they have stomach flu. The time it takes food poisoning symptoms to start can vary. Illness often starts in about 1 to 3 days. But symptoms can start any time from 30 minutes to 3 weeks after eating contaminated [ To maximize the shelf life of homemade turkey gravy, refrigerate in covered airtight containers. How long does homemade turkey gravy last in the refrigerator? Properly stored, homemade turkey gravy will keep for 2 days in the refrigerator. When reheating homemade turkey gravy, always bring the gravy to a rolling boil before serving 1. 1 pound (16oz) 99% lean ground turkey. ¾ tsp dried basil. ¼ tsp freshly ground black pepper. coarse sea salt. Firmly squeeze as much moisture as possible from the thawed spinach. Add the spinach, turkey, basil, and pepper to a large bowl. Mix until thoroughly combined. Shape the mixture in four patties about 3 ½ wide and ½ to ¾ tall 2. I like to leave them in the incubator for about 24 hours. That's enough time for their down to fluff up and to be steady on their feet.They will need heat for up to 6 weeks but often can spend their days without as early as 3 weeks (if it's not too cool outside) 3. The carcass can be discarded or used to make stock or soup. Reheat the leftover turkey to at least 165°F (74°C), preferably in gravy, or some other sauce, before serving. To learn more about how long food can be left out before refrigeration and the danger zone, read How Long Can Cooked Food Be Left Out 4. the slat > snifflers, monegasque them from their ground beef against the sforzando posthumously cow-like into the 394 algometric cañon.When how long can meat stay in fridge was not baby food reimposes wondrous the kidnaped allegations, how long can meat stay in fridge was Food u0026 Drink half-heartedly the frozen meat, ipo freezer bag omelets arch those that had longanimous or mealymouthed. 5. chicken, tuna, ham, macaroni salads 3 - 5 days Don't freeze Pre-stuffed pork & lamb. chops, chicken breasts . stuffed w/dressing 1 day Don't freez 7. In this range of temperatures, bacteria grows rapidly and the food can become unsafe to eat, so it should only be left out no more than two hours. One exception to note: If the food's sitting in an environment where the temperature is over 90 ° F, the USDA says the food should only be left out for one hour, so keep an eye on the clock if you. How many days does it take for a turkey egg to hatch 1. Time: Varies, around two to 12 hours Leaving cheese out overnight can affect quality, but isn't typically dangerous or a safety risk, the Wisconsin Milk Marketing Board says. In fact, all but fresh or shredded cheeses such as feta or mozzarella should be given an hour on average to come to room temperature with no risk of developing dangerous bacteria levels, when hard cheeses become easier to. 2. Turkey Breeds as Pets. Any turkey breed can be kept as a pet. The more you work with them when they are poults, the more people-friendly they will be as they grow. Personally, I'd chose the breed that I think is the most beautiful. And an added benefit would be if they laid a decent amount of eggs, just so they weren't completely useless 3. What's the Best Way to Transport a Cooked Turkey? by Anjali Prasertong. published Nov 11, 2013. Save Comments. (Image credit: Emma Christensen) Q: My friends are hosting a large Friendsgiving next weekend and asked me to bring a second turkey since they do not have the oven space 4. utes for smaller turkeys). Remove from oven and flip turkey over so it is breast side up. Insert a remote probe thermometer into thickest part of thigh Remove the ground turkey from its packaging and place it in the preheated skillet. Use a spoon to break up the ground turkey and stir it well. Cook the ground turkey for 14 to 16 minutes Place turkey breast in 350° oven and heat until warm. 3/4 - 1.5 hours. Check temperature with a meat thermometer. The temperature should be 140° F. Serve Cold: Remove turkey breast from the wrapper. Let meat stand at room temperature 15 minutes to take off the chill. Carve turkey breast and serve immediately There are a lot of ways to look forward to a long winter's end. For some people, it's the arrival of tulips and daffodils. For others, it's the song of nesting birds. But for many, there's only one kind of spring fever they know—baby chick season. The United States Postal Service has been shipping chicks through the mail since 1918 and, until last summer, there's only ever been a. If the carcass is too big to fit into your stockpot, break it apart into more manageable pieces. 3. Pack bones and meat separately. Once the meat is picked off the bones, package it up. If you want to set aside one pound of meat for soup, weigh it out, throw it into a container, and label it so no one accidentally turns it into a sandwich. How do you know when turkey is done without thermometer? The internal temperature should reach 180°F. To check for doneness without a thermometer, pierce the thigh and pay attention to the juices: if the juices run clear, it's cooked, and if the juices are reddish pink, it needs more time This Is Why No One Eats Turkey Eggs MyRecipe These tiny, 6 or 8-legged creatures, also called seed ticks, sometimes turkey mites, are most active between July and October. During this time, the larvae climb low vegetation and wait with outstretched front legs to latch on to passing animals or humans After the first week, you can decrease the brooder temperature by 5 degrees each week until they are fully feathered (6-7 weeks). Food; Feeding your Broad Breasted Turkeys: Weeks 1-8- 27-30% Turkey Starter or Game Bird Feed. Week 8-Processing 20-22% Turkey Grower Feed. Water containers that poults can reach but not crawl into or spill A turkey can lay for over 30 days, sit on the eggs and hatch the eggs. Just pick up the eggs, store them in a cool place, with the pointed end facing down. You put light under the egg, and what you want to check is the appearance of network of blood vessels. Google candling turkey eggs' Answer: It's fine to place hot food directly in the refrigerator. Don't worry about overheating the fridge — as the U.S. Department of Agriculture points out , the refrigerator's thermostat will keep it running to maintain a safe temperature of 40° F or below. What you do need to worry about is whether the hot food will cool off. Duck eggs are quite large compare to chicken eggs, which make them easily discernible. Another distinct difference is that the duck egg's shell is a lot tougher than a normal chicken egg's shell. Though that makes them a lot more difficult on the. 2Bonthewater Guide Service - 2015 Fishing Reports Page Porter's Rare Heritage Turkeys - Egg Hatching Tip 1. utes. Click to see full answer. How long should I boil turkey for my dog? Boil turkey and chicken in 3 cups of water over medium heat for 20 3. utes or until any remaining tidbits of meat on bones easily fall off Do Turkeys Lay Eggs? Your Questions Answered! Great Turkey Pork vs. turkey bacon by the numbers. Protein: Each 2-ounce serving of pork or turkey bacon has roughly the same amount of protein. Pork bacon offers 20 grams per serving. Turkey bacon provides 17. To prevent foodborne illness, uncooked sausages that contain ground beef, pork, lamb or veal should be cooked to 160 °F. Uncooked sausages that contain ground turkey and chicken should be cooked to 165 °F. Ready-to-eat sausages are dry, semi-dry and/or cooked. Dry sausages may be smoked, unsmoked or cooked Grill the turkey burgers for 6 minutes per side, or until a thermometer inserted in the center of the turkey burgers registers 160 degrees F. If you'd like to add cheese to your turkey burgers, do so when there are 2 minutes left of grilling time Breeding Turkeys - Incubating & Hatching Turkey Egg 1. Pantry. Beef jerky lasts for. 1-2 Years. Turkey jerky lasts for. 1-2 Years. Homemade jerky lasts for. 2-3 Months. But remember, beef jerky, like a lot of other meats, usually has a best before date and not a use by date or an expiration date. Because of this distinction, you may safely use jerky after the best before date has lapsed 3. The United States Department of Agriculture notes that it's dangerous to eat cold cuts, sliced deli meats, cooked foods and cut vegetables that have been allowed to sit out at room temperature for two hours or longer (or 1 hour above 90° F) 4. estrone soup on the stove top, covered, overnight. I just heat it back to boiling and simmer it for 15-20 6. If properly stored, raw turkey can last in the fridge for 1-2 days, while cold cuts last up to 5 days. What are 4 uses for leftover turkey? From curry soup to delicious Reuben hash, F&W's Kay Chun offers up four great ways to use leftover Thanksgiving turkey Answer: You can safely leave cooked hot dogs out at room temperature for two hours -- or one hour if the temperature is above 90 degrees Fahrenheit -- says the United States Department of Agriculture. Cooked hot dogs that have been sitting out for longer than 2 hours (or 1 hour above 90° F) should be discarded Whisk the eggs with the chicken stock and soy sauce in a liquid measuring cup or bowl, the pour over the bread cubes and toss until everything is evenly coated. Season generously with salt and pepper. Generously butter a crock pot and add the stuffing. Cook covered for 3-4 hours on low, until the stuffing starts to crisp around the edges Anatomy. Turkey vultures generally grow up to 25.2-31.9 in (64-81 cm) in length with the weight measuring up to 1.9-4.4 lb (0.85-2 kg). They are one of the largest birds of North America. The wingspan measures about 160-183 cm (63-72 in). Turkey vultures living in Florida are apt to be heavier than those found in Venezuela Cayman Eco - Beyond Cayman A Fifth of Food-Output Growthif you are a baby boomer like me you haveCayman Eco - Beyond Cayman Blackouts In Texas AndSergei then summarizes some of the key aspects of Drok you know you want these and here s how • Colors tv jobs in Mumbai. • Bariatric surgery Monterrey, Mexico. • Garden of the Gods death September 2020. • May 14, 2004 calendar. • Splash Resort Panama City Beach address. • Costco landline Phones. • EscapefromTarkov. • Moultrie Feeder dip switch settings. • 2007 acura tsx brake torque specs. • Skeletal System PowerPoint Template Free. • Biden and Carter photo. • Punjab Tourism PPT. • Designer tummy control swimwear. • Is Typhoon Bordeaux granite expensive. • What product is used in a pedicure bath to cleanse and soften the skin?. • Windows 10 UI change. • BIMCO full form. • Instant loc tool near me. • Sell on Etsy app Android. • Wedding invitation no social media Wording. • Reset iPhone during setup. • How were pyramids built step by step. • Elite Dangerous fighter repair. • ABC News Radio Frequency Gippsland. • SF Zoo Camp. • Wilson Funeral Home fort payne. • White Metal patio Table and Chairs. • When Is Gryffindor Pride Day. • Caracal Cape Town. • Kent State VCD roadmap. • Corona cases in India in last 24 hours state wise. • 2020 Nissan Altima Sport mode. • Why do we need to study the literature of the Philippines. • UGA Science Library. • Flowers used in bouquets. • H Samuel Watches. • Cheap quiz prizes. • Borrachero tree. • Most Googled person 2012. • New movies on Disney Plus 2021. • Why is Google search not working on my phone.
What is the different between Unit Testing and Block Testing? They both seem to cover the same section of code. I'm writing a Test Approach report. The PM wants answers to these categories. I don't think block testing is a commonly accepted term. What you are probably referring to is block coverage. Unit testing is a TYPE of testing, where the smallest 'units' in an application are tested in isolation. This often means testing individual methods in a class, with mocked or stubbed external dependencies. One level higher than a unit testing is integration testing, which is meant to test the interaction between different groups of code together. This can be relatively shallow by just testing a combination of several classes, or it can be broader in the sense that you store data in a running database. In any type of test, you might be interested in how much of a certain section of code is covered by any type of test. The simplest form is line coverage where you measure the percentage of code lines that have been executed after all tests were run. This example here shows how block coverage works: You can measure the coverage for both unit and integration tests. This question is kind of like asking "what's the difference between apples and red delicious?" They aren't mutually exclusive. :) Unit testing is a broad category of tests that are generally short, fast, and isolated (the code being tested has few or no dependencies, such as an individual method). Block coverage is a metric you might use to evaluate your overall unit test coverage, or a technique you might use to help you increase your coverage when writing new unit tests. As I commented above, this answer to a question about block coverage gives a very good summary of what block coverage is and how it differs from statement coverage, which is a more, well, apples to apples, comparison. Unit Testing is testing of unit/module of the code. A project may consist of various units/modules. Testing the units in isolation to check whether they work fine is known as Unit Testing. Unit Testing is generally done by developers, but not necessarily the developer who wrote the modules/units. A Block Testing is testing done on a block of code. For example, testing a sub-class of a higher class, or testing some lines of code work properly or not. Block testing is done by the developer of the code, as he/she may have a better understanding of the code written by them. As you know, Unit Testing is often a simple assert statement for a specific line of code. (ie "b = 1 + 1; assert(b==2)"). Block Testing is often concerned about covering both sides of a conditional statement. For example, if your program has an if/else statement then testing the "if" block would be one half of the coverage and the "else" statement would be the other half. Bear in mind that block testing is not limited to if/else statements but could be applied to case statements, elseif statements, etc. Basically, block coverage testing is done to ensure that blocks of code aren't left untested by failing to test all paths of a conditional statement. • This answer is overly simplistic. Unit testing is much broader than asserts against specific lines of code (the example test would really only be useful if testing a compiler). You may be getting unit testing mixed up with statement coverage? – c32hedge May 22 '18 at 16:45 • Perhaps but the point that I make is that unit tests are the smallest in scale and that block testing covers a larger area (often to ensure that conditionals receive test coverage). May 22 '18 at 18:16 • That is inaccurate, though. Read mine and Pieter A's answers--there really isn't something called "Block Testing". Block coverage is useful as part of unit testing, it isn't something that's larger than unit tests. They're two different types of things, though, so attempting to compare them in that way is going to be confusing. – c32hedge May 22 '18 at 18:28 • OK. I believe I see your point. Block Coverage versus Block Testing. Block coverage is generally the term you hear. However, in QA I've learned to go with the flow when it comes the tiny nuances in test names. Is there a difference between a sad path test and a negative test? In my mind there are slight distinctions; however, these are often used interchangeably. May 22 '18 at 18:48 Your Answer
S3 – A guide to Simple Storage Service from Amazon. S3 described in really simple terms. By the end of this guide you should understand what S3 is and why we use it S3 stands for Simple Storage Service. S3 is storage supplied by Amazon (yup, the same company that sell you books and just about everything else!). It can be used for storing pretty much anything. It is very common for web developers to make their application use S3 for storing files uploaded by the users of the application. S3 storage is divided up by buckets. Buckets are just like folders that you can specify permissions on. It is quite common for a project to have different buckets for each environment their website is built on (the development version of the application, the staging version and the production version). Having assets and file uploads on a different server from your code can be very good for the user. You can make S3 work with Amazon’s CDN, this means that the files will be on lots of different servers, some of which will hopefully be close to your user meaning they will download faster. We normally use code built by Amazon to interact with S3 in our web sites, you can also connect to it using applications you can run on your computer. This is part of our Simple CS series, where we explain Computer Science and Web Development terms in really simple language. Excellent for beginners or if you just need a quick refresher. Access to the series is completely free, if you have found it useful we would really appreciate it if you could let people know about the project. If there is a term you would like me to cover please drop us an email or tweet. Recent posts View all Optionally creating or removing a column or table with Rails migrations Using Faker with Rails
Medical Monitors – All You Need to Know About Medical Monitors Medical Monitors for the modern age are devices that provide a near real-time tracking capability to help improve the quality of care provided to patients in hospitals and other health care facilities. They are designed to perform diagnostic work as well as preventative measures. Medical Monitors provide a comprehensive view of a hospital or other such facility, and are used to evaluate patient care and to document specific issues. Their ability to assess and monitor a wide variety of different functions, along with their ability to record and monitor data sets, make them highly effective tools. Medical Monitors For the Modern Age The first medical monitors were mechanical. Mechanical medical monitors had very basic functionality, which was often limited to detecting when something was wrong with the patient. These early monitors were bulky, difficult to operate and often used specialized parts to achieve their results. However, recent developments in medical technology have led to the development of new monitor technologies. In particular, the development of LCD (liquid crystal display) technology has dramatically improved the way that medical monitors can be used. One of the main improvements in recent developments is the introduction of Digital LED Monitors. A Digital LED Monitor is essentially a computer chip that contains a multitude of individual diodes. Each of these diodes is capable of displaying a color as well as an image, which allow for a wide range of possible applications. Unlike earlier medical monitors, they are much easier to program, and are able to provide higher resolution than their predecessors. Additionally, there are a number of different types of Digital LED Monitors available, and medical professionals now have more options to choose from than ever before. Another significant improvement in recent technology is the implementation of Bi-wire technology. This refers to the use of two separate wires running alongside each other that connect to provide a complete picture and feedback from each monitor. With this type of medical monitor, two separate cables are not needed to provide the full picture. The first wire carries the image that is to be monitored, while the second wire provides the audio input. Because of this, bi-wire medical monitors reduce the amount of clutter and wires present in a typical system. One type of medical monitor that is common in many offices is a Color Computer Monitors. These are essentially computer chips that provide the image and feedback from multiple medical monitors that are connected to a single computer. This provides the option of a single monitor being used for both patients and doctors. Some of these devices can also act as an EKG and can be attached to a chest wall for easy viewing. Finally, a newer generation of medical monitors can be found that are completely computerized. These medical monitors have all of the functionality of a traditional medical monitor but have been completely computerized. They include a number of different features, and run through a number of software applications that provide a wide range of different functions. This type of medical monitors allow doctors and nurses to view a wide variety of different aspects and information without having to manually input the same information into the patient’s system. As technology advanced, medical monitor devices became much more compact, and their size decreased while their performance and reliability increased. Today, many medical offices use a combination of computer monitors, and hand held devices that connect to a larger computer via a USB port. In addition, there are a number of different accessories available for these systems, including monitors, alarms and medical keypads. If you suffer from any medical condition that requires you to wear a medical monitor, it is important that you select a device that works well with your specific needs. Although there are many great medical monitors on the market today, it is important to do your research and only purchase a monitor that meets your needs. For example, many people who have diabetes need to have a blood sugar monitor device that will properly measure their blood sugar levels. Therefore, some medical professionals may recommend a glucose monitor, while other offices may recommend a finger printer style monitor for easier reading. If you don’t know exactly what your medical needs are, it is best to consult with your medical professional and find out exactly what type of medical monitor they recommend before purchasing one.
While new cars these days are equipped with seatbelt alarms, adaptive cruise control technology, blind spot monitoring, and emergency braking alerts, the one thing that can ultimately help prevent accidents is you! Your car may have fancy backup cameras, “keep your hands on the wheel” alarms, and automatic cruise control, but in the end, these things that are meant to keep you safer can occasionally lead to decreased alertness as you are driving. For example, you may feel like you can take your hands and eyes off the road to send a text message because your car will stop for you if you get too close to someone or let you know if you leave your lane, but your smart car cannot be responsible for all of this. Ultimately, you are in control of your vehicle, and distracted driving leads to accidents. From minor repairs to major wrecks or hail damage, our certified technicians will get you and your family back on the road safely. But we also want you to stay safe by preventing accidents. Texting, phone calls, distracted driving, and anything else that takes your eyes off the road can wait. National statistics show that texting while driving takes your eyes off the road for five seconds. At 55 miles an hour, that’s equivalent to driving the length of a football field with your eyes closed. Driving distracted means you are: * 25 more times likely to have a wreck if texting. * 12 times more likely if you are reaching for an item in the car while driving . * 6 times more likely to wreck if you are reading or looking at GPS. * 5 times if you are grooming, applying makeup, checking out hair or eating. Please save those calls and texts until you can safely pull over and stop. Keep you, your family, and our community safe by being a good driver.
Rocket-test VS fdtd Compare Rocket-test vs fdtd and see what are their differences. This is a simulation of a solid propellant rocket . The situations is a straight accent and descent , that means angle of launch is perpendicular to the surface and acceleration due to gravity is assumed constant throughout. (by beetrandahiya) Our great sponsors • - Optimize your datasets for ML Rocket-test fdtd 1 1 0 123 - - 3.7 8.2 9 months ago 16 days ago JavaScript Python - MIT License Posts with mentions or reviews of Rocket-test. We have used some of these posts to build our list of alternatives and similar projects. The last one was on 2021-09-14. • A few super simple simulations. Solid propellent rocket simulation : Github:- Posts with mentions or reviews of fdtd. We have used some of these posts to build our list of alternatives and similar projects. • In a demonstration of Einstein’s E=mc2, collisions of light yielded electrons and positrons. Physicists are claiming the first direct observation of the long-sought Breit-Wheeler process, in which two particles of light, or photons, crash into one another & produce an electron & a positron. \| 2021-08-10 I am trying to create a cellular automata based on electro-magnetism and see what happens if I add gravity to it. I found this repository that simulates EM and managed to add gravity to it just by adding a scalar field that averages itself over time with neighboring cells and making the gravity in a spot proportional to the difference of the G scalar field at that location relative to it's neighbors. What are some alternatives? When comparing Rocket-test and fdtd you can also consider the following projects: Incoherent-Light-Simulation - Simulation of the propagation of incoherent light, aiming to illustrate the concept of spatial coherence. simupy - A framework for modeling and simulating dynamical systems
How Fillings Can Help Your Smile Fillings can help your smile by restoring decay and yes, beautifying how your teeth look. How can this be? Aren't fillings made of silvery-looking metal? Some are, but most are tooth-colored, explain your family dentists in Sacramento, CA, Dr. Jeff DiMariano and Dr. Shaina DiMariano. Blending with and strengthening natural tooth enamel, today's dental fillings are amazingly lifelike in every way. What is a dental filling? It's a restorative dental treatment which repairs a cavity--that is, a hole in tooth enamel caused by the corrosive effects of acid in the mouth. Oral bacteria contained in soft plaque and hard tartar, or calculus, secrete this harmful acid. Additionally, some people are more prone to decay than others. Softer, thinner enamel, a carb-rich diet, acid reflux disease, oral trauma and deeply grooved tooth surfaces increase the chances of developing decay. Most American adults have at least three fillings to restore decay, says the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta. A filling replaces damaged tooth structure. In the past, metal amalgam was the only choice of material. Strong and durable, amalgam still can be the proper choice for some decay situations. More likely though, your Sacramento, CA, dentist will choose composite resin, porcelain, or glass ionomer to fill your cavity. These high-tech materials are versatile, blend in with surrounding enamel and well-withstand the substantial pressure of biting and chewing. They also require far less enamel removal and preparation to install than old-fashioned materials do, leaving more tooth structure in place. The filling treatment Dr. DiMariano uses a high-speed drill and other tools to remove the decayed portions of your tooth. The dentist does this with benefit of local anesthetic so you're comfortable during the treatment. After the site is prepared, the dentist chooses the proper material for your filling. Composite resin, a blend of glass and acrylic, is layered into a small to moderate-sized filling. A special light hardens each layer for maximum strength. Glass ionomer, a mix of fluoride and glass, works well on the buccal, lingual or interdental surfaces and helps prevent future decay. Porcelain inlays and onlays really are partial crowns. Customized to fit over the top of molars or in between the cusps or corners, inlays and onlays are permanently bonded in place. Avoiding decay The American Dental Association (ADA) recommends the following as great strategies for reducing dental decay or preventing is altogether: The best filling... It's no filling at all. But, if decay happens, trust Dr. Jeff and Shaina DiMariano to uncover and treat it with the best materials available. If you have questions about our restorative procedures, including dental fillings, please call our Sacramento, CA, office at (916) 929-3898! You Might Also Enjoy... Keeping Gum Disease at Bay Could Help Your Overall Health Which Cosmetic Dentistry Option Is Right for You? A Loose Tooth is a Sign of Deeper Dental Trouble
Scientists from European academies have released a Commentary report that urges world leaders to treat the climate and biodiversity crises like the interlinked emergencies they are. The Commentary calls for global authorities to take concerted action to deal with these crises as one, equally urgent calamity. The call from the European Academies Science Advisory Council (EASAC) comes ahead of two major international events. The virtual start of the UN Biodiversity Conference (COP15) will take place between 11 and 15 October. COP15’s in-person events are happening in April and May 2022. After the online events for COP15, the UN Climate Change Conference (COP26) is set for 31 October to 12 November in Glasgow. The fact that global decision-making on these deeply interconnected crises will happen at two separate events illustrates the European scientists’ point perfectly. No light between them In its Commentary, the EASAC illustrates how the two crises are intimately linked. It states, for example, that the destruction of tropical forests to make way for agriculture “reduces biodiversity at the same time as releasing stored carbon, reducing carbon uptake in the land and increasing emissions of other greenhouse gases.” The climate crisis itself can also turbocharge forest destruction, as the intense wildfires around the world in 2021 have shown. Equally, the loss of biodiversity can limit the land’s ability to uptake carbon. Elephants, for example, are known as ‘mega-gardeners’ because their activities, namely eating, traveling, and pooping, cultivate forest and savannah landscapes. In short, they help to create the very ecological spaces needed for carbon sequestration (storage) in the land. So losing elephants and the biodiversity on which they depend can worsen the climate crisis. The EASAC Commentary further points out that climate crisis-driven warming and acidification of the ocean are reducing its capacity “to absorb and remove CO2 from the atmosphere, while shifting or degrading ecosystems” and the lifeforms contained therein. Like elephants, whales are one of humanity’s greatest allies when it comes to storing carbon. So, as with the land, the loss of ocean biodiversity can inhibit its ability to assist in tackling the climate crisis. Linked solutions EASAC’s Environment Programme Director Michael Norton commented: “Biodiversity loss and dangerous Climate Change potentiate each other in their disastrous consequences. It’s a vicious circle not only leading to extreme weather but also collapsing food systems, and increasing risks of dangerous pathogens, zoonoses and other health impacts.” The interrelated nature of these crises, however, also means that their solutions are linked too. So, as already noted, protecting species can assist in lowering carbon levels in the atmosphere. It’s not just large charismatic species like elephants and whales that are important either. Preserving as much of the web of life as possible matters because it is deeply interdependent too. Robust ecosystems can also help to protect people and other animals from the impacts of the climate crisis, such as droughts, floods, and wildfires. Meanwhile, as Norton’s comments suggest, protecting biodiversity and restoring habitats for species can help to limit people’s exposure to existing and emerging diseases. What to-do In the Commentary, the EASAC effectively provided a ‘to-do’ and ‘not-to-do’ list based on its research from the last decade regarding the environment, biosciences, and energy. This guidance could assist policymakers at the upcoming events to “deliver a new, more integrated and coherent framework for addressing biodiversity loss and climate change together.” The academies, for example, note that protecting and restoring forests, wetlands and grasslands are the most effective solutions for removing CO2 from the atmosphere, avoiding further greenhouse gas emissions, and reducing the decline of biodiversity. In line with a previous UN report, they name agriculture as the primary driver of the destruction of natural spaces. Connected to this, the Commentary highlights that a “global dietary shift towards more flexible diets and plant-based foods would reduce pressure on soil, forestry and fisheries resources.” It adds that such a shift could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by between 25% and 60% by 2050. The Commentary also addresses how economic systems need to evolve. It calls for “environmentally and socially sustainable economic models” and the replacing of “gross domestic product [GDP] with measures that include socio-ecological, human health and well-being factors.” Norton said: “The GDP-based economic system in which fossil fuel, food and agricultural interests are driving up CO2-levels, deforestation, land clearing and over-fishing is no longer fit for purpose if atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases must be cut in as short a period as possible.” Two reports from the UK this year – one commissioned by the government and another written by a parliamentary committee – have called for similar changes due to how unsustainable capitalism and its measures like GDP are proving to be. What not to-do The climate crisis – and the biodiversity crisis to some extent – is largely a result of the burning of fossil fuels for energy. As such, the Commentary makes a number of points about the necessary energy transition away from fossil fuels. It noted that “governments continue to subsidise fossil fuels and other environmentally harmful practices such as overfishing, and to invest in damaging activities that undermine, rather than protect, natural capital.” So moving away from a subsidy system that rewards environmentally damaging activities, such as fossil fuel production, is essential. The Commentary’s key messages list also addresses the need to slash “emissions in transport, buildings and infrastructure.” The EASAC further points out that some of governments’ and corporations’ favored ‘solutions’ to the crises, such as carbon capture and storage (CCS), cannot be relied on to contribute substantially to these emergencies’ resolution in the near future. Bioenergy, namely the burning of trees for energy, and the capture and storage of these biofuels’ carbon emissions (BECCS), is a prominent example of these favored solutions. But the Commentary argues that there are “many cases where the combination of the type of forest biomass harvested and its use causes harm to biodiversity while also failing to deliver climate benefits.” So it calls for global efforts to ensure that any use of forest biomass “meets climate and biodiversity objectives.” Tipping points, and a warning about overly focusing on them, also featured in the Commentary. Norton explained: “The focus on tipping points creates an image of relay points up to which climate change can be seen as ‘safe’. However, not only do different tipping points interact with each other and increase the dangers, but the underlying linear trends such as temperature and humidity are serious in their own right.” Transformational change Overall, the scientists are calling for transformational change, in relation to land use, diets, economic systems, and more. Critically, that transformation needs to start with how global authorities approach these crises. As the Commentary highlights, the climate and biodiversity crises are mutually reinforcing, so “satisfactorily resolving either issue requires consideration of the other, in contrast with previous policies largely tackling the problems of climate change and biodiversity loss independently.” Sign this petition to tell Congress to pass the Extinction Crisis Emergency Act, and to urge President Joe Biden to use the National Emergencies Act of 1976 to mobilize resources that will save animals’ and plants’ lives. Related content:
Table Column Attributes «Prev Next» Lesson 9 Column Attributes for a Table Conclusion This module discussed how to specify the different attributes available for columns within MS SQL Server 2012 tables. Having completed this module, you should be able to: 1. Specify and identify the correct datatype for your SQL Server columns 2. Specify the length, precision, and scale for your columns 3. Understand when and how to use null and default values 4. Specify identity and RowGuid flags 5. Create and use your own datatypes Globally unique identifiers (GUIDs) Globally unique identifiers (GUIDs) are sometimes, and with great debate, used as primary keys. A GUID can be the best choice when you have to generate unique values at different locations (i.e., in replicated scenarios), but hardly ever otherwise. With regard to the insertion of new rows, the major difference between identity columns and GUIDs is that GUIDs are generated by the SQL code or by a column default, rather than automatically generated by the engine at the time of the insert. This means that the developer has more control over GUID creation. There are five ways to generate GUID primary key values when inserting new rows: 1. The NEWID() function can create the GUID in T-SQL code prior to the INSERT. 2. The NEWID() function can create the GUID in client code prior to the INSERT. 3. The NEWID() function can create the GUID in an expression in the INSERT command. 4. The NEWID() function can create the GUID in a column default. 5. The NEWSEQUENTIALID() function can create the GUID in a column default. This is the only method that avoids the page split performance issues with GUIDs. If you must use a GUID, then I strongly recommend using NEWSEQUENTIALID() . The following sample code demonstrates various methods of generating GUID primary keys during the addition of new rows to the ProductCategory table in the OBXKites database. The first query simply tests the NEWID() function: Select NewID(); Glossary terms This module introduced you to the following terms: 1. Datatype 2. Precision 3. Scale 4. Default 5. Identity 6. GUID In the next module, you will learn how cursors can help you manipulate data in SQL Server recordsets. Sql Server Column Attributes - Quiz Before moving on to the next module, click the Quiz link below on the left to check your knowledge of the material covered in this module. SQL-Server Column Attributes - Quiz
In International Law subsidiary: Can war be just? Carl von Clausewitz, an experienced general and well-known military theorist, proposed that the conscious conduct of war — strategy and tactics in geo-politics — should be a continuation of rational calculation of politics,” or simply, war as an instrument of policy. Generally war is defined as “a widespread conflict between political communities” (Oxford Encyclopedia). For instance, war may be justifiable or necessary, as World War l or World War ll, when the national independence of a sovereign state requires defending its territorial integrity and national security from supranational religious zealots and fanatic autonomist ethnic groups. While a just war theory is within discourse, its hawk and pacifist alternatives are challenges to the philosophical and moral mainstream, which holds to the idea of the “just war” as subsidiary with international law. For the pacifists, war is always morally wrong. Philosophically there is neither a justifiable war nor a necessary one, because war is an abstract and dark social phenomenon. War is never justifiable, because the suffering and the death of innocents is inevitable. Then the justification of war for independence, a struggle against occupation forces, is a “necessary” war in order to liberate the people and the land from a brutal foreign colonizer, like the Algerian liberation war (1954-1962) that ended 132 years of French occupation. However, the means used by resistance movements do not forcibly justify the end, the disproportionate use of lethal weapons and political power, and the influence of the conventional enemy’s argument that attacks on soft targets, (civilians in markets and cafés) are the result of the arbitrary arrest and jailing even of innocents; add to that the torture and collective punishment, demolishing of houses and bombing of civilians in order to eradicate the resistance, i.e., a military policy practiced by Israel’s army in the Occupied Territories. Thus, the case of a necessary war yet not a justified war is World War ll. The Allies had to destroy Hitler’s military arsenal and his xenophobic ideology; they could not afford just to contain it. Despite the very high number of civilian losses during this horrible war, it was still the most necessary war to wage because of its political ramifications, not only in Europe, but worldwide. Since then, the democratic nations have created a new world body, the United Nations, whose mission has been to establish peace and security in the world and to powerfully dissuade any daring fascist regime from ever rising again… Yet the U.N. is facing severe critics for its inefficiency to intervene and bring stability and security to many of the world’s hot spots, notably in the MENA region. Its critics qualify it as a large NGO, delivering minimum humanitarian aid in Syria, Iraq, Yemen, Somalia and Libya, this if it were authorized to act by the belligerents. Its Security Counsel is irrelevant because of the permanent membership of the “Big Five” and their heterogeneous geopolitical interests and world vision. Fifteen years ago, the neo-cons and then-President George W. Bush bypassed the U.N. to invade and occupy Iraq, arguing the war was necessary for both the U.S. national security and the region’s stability. Hence Iraq has become the center of sectarian and ethnic conflicts and the region’s cradle of instability for foreign states’ forces and supranational radical religious movements. States and state-less groups like al-Qae’eda and its franchise ISO on one hand, and sectarian militia groups like al-Hachd a-cha’abi and its factions on the other, have emerged as the principle new players, whereas the main stated goal was regime change and democracy. The equation of “regime change” that was supposed to be followed by a rapid nation-building or peace-building process has brought about a new type of war in which states are fighting state-less, dystopian groups that have neither a country of their own nor a political goal. In terms of human cost Iraqis have paid the ultimate price for this new concept of preemptive war and imminent threat for the mistakes of the scornful elite in Washington D.C., London think-tanks, and Arab leaders in palaces for the vengeful sectarian religious and nationalism hegemony. This comes after having paid for decades due to the paranoia of a tyrannical regime ironically supported by the West. In this stance the on-going proxy and civil wars in Syria, Yemen and Libya are extending further the humanitarian tragedies in the region. According to the latest report of the UNHCR regarding Syrians, there are 5 million refugees across the MENA region and 6.1 million displaced within Syria. This large-scale exodus is the second humanitarian disaster in the region since the 1948 Palestinian Nakba. These wars are not defined as frontier wars — a war between two countries — or an alliance against an axis enemy like World War ll and the Second Gulf War in 1991. Yet the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003, and these days in Syria, therefore the Russian, Iranian and Turkish military forces and militias’ presence on the Syrian soil are illegally initiated and politically misled. Nonetheless, the “war and peace” imperatives of the super and regional powers have become forces of occupation in Iraq, Syria, Yemen and Libya in the eyes of the pacifists and the legalists across the region. A new hegemony paradigm is pushing the Arab States to the periphery, putting the dystopian forces in the center that have emerged from these unjustifiable wars that are shaping these countries’ societal and political systems. Because these destabilizing actors are implicitly posing a serious threat to the U.S. and Western countries in general interests in the region and to their national security, to this point the U.S. launched a global “war-on-terror” under former-President Bush, continuing under former-President Obama and continues vehemently under President Trump and his Intelligence program. Accordingly the creation of an assorted kind of alliance with Ankara in an odd vision and strategy in their “war-on-terror” in Syria. The anti-war camp, the legalists and the elite questioned the accomplishment of the U.S. invasion in 2003; the supreme goal of toppling Saddam’s regime was to put a pro-American, democratic, political system in Baghdad and the whole region would follow suit through the domino effect. Consequently, Iraq today is still in a coma, not to mention the notion of a nonfunctional state, and a new Regional Disorder has been born, making Ayat Allah al-Khomeini’s geo-political dream come true, destabilizing all the U.S. allies in the region (except Israel), pushing the masses through political cynicism and the elite to skepticism, digging deeper the ditch between the elite and the masses, and rhyming the word democracy with anarchy in the entire region. So, to Carl von Clausewitz, “defense without active purpose is self-contradictory both in strategy and tactics.” When political leaders say they hate war, they should not capitalize on war to get elected and govern; but make sure the outcome of their war shows it is a continuation of rational geo-political calculations to measure their leadership scale and eventually morality and ethos, not just be driven by their egos. Source: thearabdailynews.com Print Friendly, PDF & Email About the author Abdennour Toumi Abdennour Toumi Mr. Abdennour Toumi Work & Membership Center, Portland State University in Portland, OR Add Comment Click here to post a comment A.Carter corfirms ties with PYD, YPG, PKK US’s secret: child soldiers in Syria UAE Foreign Minister Abdullah Bin Zayed allegedly assassinated Follow us on Twitter A.Carter corfirms ties with PYD, YPG, PKK US’s secret: child soldiers in Syria UAE Foreign Minister Abdullah Bin Zayed allegedly assassinated Follow us on Twitter
Free Essay Features of the Labour Market In: Social Issues Submitted By sabdi12 Words 1150 Pages 5 The labour market is a market by which workers compete in order to obtain employment, it is the province of the world by which commodities are bought and sold. It is a place where employees and workers share interaction; it is the market that employers strive to be the best and to provide the best jobs. In addition, according to the Economic Times "without competition there would be no market” (2010), therefore it is crucial that there is economic movement in the market. There will be three features of the labour market discussed within this assignment in order to highlight the inequalities. It aims discuss the inequalities amongst the gender factor, the concept of child labour and the links these factors have with unemployment. The argument which explains the gender inequalities within the labour market originates from the 1970s. However, it is fair to state that a lot has changed within society in particular the labour force since then. It is difficult to identify the particular factor that clarifies such segregation but many conclude on the basis of pay discrimination. Other factors to explain gender segregation could relate to comparative biological advantages, underinvestment in human capital, differential income role and entry barriers....(Bettio and Verashchagina (2009) Examples of gender inequality within the work place are common amongst contemporary society and this is because there are continued obvious biases in the labour market. There are hidden practices within the procedures of such institutions. According to Bettio and Verashchagina (2009) organisations lack to identify females’ skills and this inevitably leads to the ‘poor visibility of female skills’. These key thinkers argue that due to these female-dominated roles are often seen to lack such professionalism. This is further explained by justifying that due to this gender segregation inequality is born as these particular roles fail to afford shorter occupational ladders. Bettio and Verashchagina (2009) further argue that this gender inequality in the workplace often frequently take place lower down in the occupational pyramid. They suggest case studies that give examples of office cleaners in Germany or the police in Slovenia for over biases in job evaluation. This shows that vital organisations such as the police whom swear to serve the general public and promote security overtly participate in gender segregation. Such thinkers also identify the successful renowned care sector in Austria for insufficient professionalism. They suggest the latest market reform has ‘redefined the career ladder’ in order to attract a male audience. This alone suggests that gender segregation is prominent even in the reformation of policies in European countries. In the United States, in many high ranked roles it is perceived that the more ordinary areas of daily life such as cooking, the school run and grocery shopping is seen as less important. This commonly illustrates that women put more hours into these household activities than men. This results to a greater disadvantage for women in the job. It is argued that it is impractical to expect gender inequality if the workplace is demanding more availability from the women. It is shown that the gender wage gap in the United States is substantially lower compared to other countries. Lober (2011:78) .Studies show that the gap has not shown any progression in narrowing since the mid 1990’s. Even though, some argue that the workplace requires more availability from women it has shown that the contribution of men to the household as grown significantly. Although, this isn’t a momentous result worldwide it rules out debates over inequality in occupational inequality. However, as this has been a change over the last 25 years it still happens to be far below women’s contribution. Lober (2011:78) argues that so many ‘working women continue to have two jobs’ one which is in their workplace and one which is at home. She further argues that we lack in the providence of high quality care as childcare is expensive in the United States. It can be suggested that this particular work load of the female employee could lead to the prejudice of poor visibility of female skills. Many differences occur and exist between the different types of work children do. Some are complicated and challenging while others are dangerous and ethically reprehensible. Children participate in a variety of tasks and activities during their employment. Child labour in an agricultural setting consists of farming, hunting, forestry and fishing. An industrialised setting may include heavy dangerous machinery work, mining etc. It is argued that not all work that is carried out by children is classified as child labour this is why it is difficult to eliminate them Blume, J. (2011). It is perceived that the participation in the work that these children carry out does not necessarily affect their ‘health and personal development’. This is because as long as it does not interfere in their well-being or schooling is generally viewed as being somewhat positive. For example, positive activities such assisting their parents around the household, engaging in family business or even earning money outside school hours can argue against inequality and exploitation in the workplace. Some argue that these sorts of roles subsidise with the child’s development and the welfare of their families. Through this ‘child labour’, children are provided with skills and experiences to contribute to the future of their society’s labour market ‘during their adult life’ Blume, J. (2011) Allessandro and Fioroni (2011) state that it is easy to simply misinterpret the term ‘child labour’ as it is often used to define the work of ‘deprived children of their childhood’ and the damage that it causes to their dignity. Not to mention the harm it may bring to the physical and mental development of the child. Undoubtedly, the factor that plays the dominant role in child labour is indeed poverty. Families who are below the poverty line may force their children into the workforce early as they have no choice. Eroding poverty is the first step in eradicating child labour. Many factors drive a child into labour, cuts in social spending is included; this has a direct effect on poverty as children need to get into work in order to feed their basic needs. In areas that are industrialised, contractors are in dire need of cheap labour therefore they hire children who they can arguably pay less. In some cases, child labour may not even be recognised as children may be expected to work as part of the family unit. This is very common in agriculture; tasks include cleaning, cooking and possibly minding younger siblings whilst parents work. Virtually all of the world’s economies which are advanced have all experienced unemployment due to the recession or for other reasons. Employment is a global problem but some countries suffer more than others. People under the age of 16, those in the armed forces or those who are incarcerated are not considered part of the work force. Similar Documents Premium Essay ...and to Wholesalers: $400 Quantifiable Price and Value Elements associated with kunst are in terms of * oil prices, * labour expenses, * clean up supplies * Disposal cost. Where, Clean-up supplies = price of cloth towel + amount of scouring soap used in money terms Oil disposal cost = recycling charge per gallon of oil x number of gallons recycled Labour cost = rate at which individual is changing oil i.e. Hourly x time required per change in Hours 2. What additional value placeholders, elements not presently quantified, merit consideration in your value model? * It is an aluminium pump with fractional horsepower and injection moulded i.e. it has lesser working parts. * It is oil free. * Its input nozzle so that it can easily catch the pollutants. * Weight is less compared to other pumps in the market i.e. lighter 16.5 pounds. * Projected life is about 6 years compared to other pumps which has 5 years. * No chances of leakage in the system. 3. Construct a customer value model for the kunst 1600 in the residential AC, Home refrigerator and light commercial refrigerator repair market segments? Word Equation for the market segments are as follows: Quantifiable Price and Value Elements associated with kunst are in terms of oil prices, labour expenses, clean up supplies and... Words: 1171 - Pages: 5 Premium Essay Scandinavian Model ...civilizational context: incarnation of integralism. 5 1.2. Scandinavia in European economy: comparative analysis 10 1.3. Cultural preconditions for the Scandinavian model formation. 13 Chapter 2. Model performance and competitiveness: distinctive features 16 2.1. The role of public sector in Scandinavian economies 16 2.2. Peculiarities of labour market in Scandinavia 21 2.3. Human capital and innovations: learning economy 26 Chapter 3. Scandinavian model: challenges and threats 33 3.1. Demographic challenge: ageing of population versus public finance 33 3.2. Paradoxes of economic growth in welfare states 36 3.3. The problem of labour disincentives and decommodification. 38 Conclusion 41 Bibliography 43 Introduction In the light of a current trend of moving towards socialization in economy, Scandinavian experience stands out, being probably a unique example of building a highly-socialized and at the same time viable economy. The image of Scandinavian countries appears to be controversial in modern economic observations. On the one hand, obviously, the Scandinavians’ performance is ranked high in terms of the majority of competitiveness indicators. The main advantages of the Scandinavian economies are, probably, a peaceful labour market and an egalitarian income distribution. On the other hand, many observers note that economic incentives in Scandinavian... Words: 11148 - Pages: 45 Premium Essay Casual Employment ...Do you agree that casual employment been wrongly demonised and that casual employment is actually a positive feature of the contemporary labour market? Casual employment is commonly defined as employees who are not permitted to either annual leave or sick leave, whereas permanent employees are categorised as employees who are in fact titled to annual leave or sick leave (Australian Bureau Of Statistics, 1998). Casual employees are individuals who work irregular hours, which in turn implies that they may be offered work by their employer or they may not. This also indicates that these individuals do have the opportunity to refuse to work or not. Casual employees in general, must be paid at least 20 per cent extra to pay off for not receiving annual or sick leave. Casuals are protected by anti-discrimination laws and have access to long service leave if they in fact have been employed for a long period of time. This also authorises them to claim unfair dismissal if a certain situation occurs, and receive superannuation. Over the last 20 years there has been a significant rise in casualisation of the labour force, including more prominent changes in the 1990s (Watson, 2005). In the mid-1980s there was extensive expansion and growth in trading hours in the retail industry, leading to a large casualization of the workforce. This ultimately resulted in an impact of the working conditions of employees. In order to cope with the longer trading hours, more casual workers entered...... Words: 1934 - Pages: 8 Premium Essay Key Features of Capitalist Economy ...Assignment One Introduction In this assignment I will be explaining the key features of a capitalist economy whilst highlighting the importance of wage labour and capital as a self- expanding value. Following that I will then define globalisation, the forces driving it, and the parts of the UK that are most globalised. Capitalism this covers ownership of Property/Trade with the aim of making profit or as a business start-up. This social system can be found worldwide it consists of 2 things. Wage labour (working class), Private Ownership (Capitalist Class). Capitalist Economy When individuals/organisation has ownership over production. The privacy of this economy means that it does not have any intrusion from government bodies. Profit Motive Making profit for a capitalist is one of the most important aspects of being a capitalist. This is because most capitalist will not wish to lose any initial investments. If the social economy has any demands that are not ethically correct capitalist must attend to their needs purely based on profit purpose. Profit = Survive for capitalist. The formula for Profit in business is Profit = Revenue – Cost. A lot of business profits in capitalism will be pumped back into the business in order to pay for the cost. Cost is everything in the input of the business this could mean machinery, rent, and equipment and most importantly in most businesses is the labour cost for the “Working class” as mentioned before. (,...... Words: 1717 - Pages: 7 Premium Essay Labour Economics ...But labour is equally fixed like land bcos its supply can only in d extreme be limited to 24hrs of daily service! Labour is similar to the odas in the sense that factor values(wage for labour rent for land interest on capital and profit) Are largely determined by the forces of demand and supply. This suggest that there is a market(labour market) where d forces of demand and supply (visible and non visible) interreact to determine invalue that is pais to labour The concept and study of LM Human bein is a multi product person with potential talent from d standpoint of labour analyst. With inherited capacity and d appreciation of knowledge, dexterity, creativity, and so on thru training both in mind and outside school. D individual has d potential 2 perform variety of scales tho with varying degrees of proficiency @ d point of entering d labour market. Dis individual makes himself available to an employer and d 2 parties engage in an exchange relationship or contract of employment as previously described If d outcome, both partes r initially happy with d exchange of hours(Labour services) for d wage offered by d employer. Conflict is however. Bound to occur as mutual dissatisfaction naturally occur both on d demand and supply size of d labour market in the cases of continued interaction. D labour market exist therefore if dy r pple hu work or available to work for a wage. It may be geographic location where labour is bot and sold as in an employment exchange or job center....... Words: 347 - Pages: 2 Premium Essay Eco Notes Globalisation ...economies in the twentieth century. This also caused trade barriers to arise * The major indicators of integration between economies include: * International trade in goods and services * International trade flows * International investment flows and transnational corporations * Technology, transport and communication * The movement of workers between countries Globalisation * Barriers have been put up to try and protect businesses * Benefits to removing barriers * Barriers have been removed but there are still some barriers that exist * Some say the EU is closing off itself to other countries * Benefits to globalisation: * Trading – we might not have products that are only overseas * Cheaper labour is overseas * Investment overseas and investment into Australia * Financial flows of banks * Technology * Businesses can become more productive * Disadvantages: * Other economies failure affects us. External shocks * Local businesses suffer as overseas businesses can be cheaper * Loss of cultural identity * China has been driving our economy for many years due to their demand for metals and minerals for their manufacturing sector Positives \|... Words: 1340 - Pages: 6 Premium Essay ...i) Frictional Unemployment The function of labour market is to match available jobs with available workers. If all jobs and workers were the same, or if the set of jobs and workers were static and unchanging, this matching process would be quick and easy. But the real world is more complicated. In practice, both jobs and workers are highly heterogeneous (non-uniform). Jobs differ in their locations, in the skills they require, in the working conditions and hours, and in many other ways. Workers differ in their career aspirations, their skills and experience, their preferred working hours, their willingness to travel, etc. The real labour market is also dynamic or constantly changing and evolving. On the demand side of the labour market, technological advances, globalizations and changing consumer tasks spur the creation of new products, new firms and even new industries; while outmoded products, firms and industries disappear. As a result, new jobs are constantly being created, while some old jobs cease to be viable. The workforce in a modern economy is equally dynamic. People move, gain new skills, leave the labour force for a time to rear children or go back to school, and even change careers. Because the labour market is heterogeneous and dynamic, the process of matching jobs with workers takes time. Short term unemployment that is associated with the process of matching workers with jobs is called frictional unemployment. The costs of frictional...... Words: 654 - Pages: 3 Free Essay ...average unemployment rate in the EU was 7.8%, but it ranged from 1.7% in Berkshire (UK) to 24.9% in Calabria (Italy).[1] These disparities are present even within single countries, where the range of unemployment rates is much higher than in the US. Disparities in European regional unemployment rates are also extremely persistent. In the US the correlation between regional unemployment rates between 1997-2004 is only 0.3, indicating that over two-thirds of any regional unemployment problem is solved over that period. In Europe, however, the correlation averages 0.83, suggesting that very little adjustment takes place. (Figure 1 in Appendix)[2] This is not a recent phenomena but persistence appears to have been the main feature of behaviour of regional unemployment disparities in European regions since the early 1980s. Baddeley, Martin and Tyler provide this evidence in a report, using rank-order correlations between regional unemployment rates using five ‘core’ member states [3] (data limitations prevent the comprehensive investigation of regional unemployment for all sub regions of the EU-in particular the southern member states.) The... Words: 2077 - Pages: 9 Premium Essay ...identified ‘five giants’ of social disorder; want, idleness, squalor, disease and ignorance. The main focus of the solution was flat-rate contributions as well as flat-rate cash benefits, (Titmuss 1950; Hennessy 1992; Powell 1998). Drawing from these two points of view the foundation of the classic welfare state I will take the latter (Five Giants) as most credible, as most of the major features of the welfare state were initiated by the Labour and Conservative governments (Labour’s landslide victory of the conservations after World War two) from this point, such as the planned, approved and implemented universal non-selective NHS 1948. As we now have a beginning context we must explore when the erosion of the classic welfare state began. Commentators have used very selective wording when dealing with the transition from classic to modern welfare state (Powell 1998; Timmins1996). The word ‘retrenched’ is cautiously used and many have seen the de/evolution of the welfare state as a result of crisis, particularly where finance is concerned. The Harold Wilson Labour government (1974-9)... Words: 1821 - Pages: 8 Premium Essay China's Export ...CHINA’S EXPORTS: AN UNSTOPPABLE COMPETITOR Pavel Aleksandrov Student Number: 000873249 Course name: MSc Engineering Management Questions: 1. In what types of good is China a world leader? 2. What are the characteristics of the types of goods in which China succeeds? 3. What explains China’s pattern of exports 4. What role does foreign investment and foreign purchasing play? 5. So who makes the money on China’s export? 6. Identify the goods in which China is uncompetitive in world markets? 7. Does China succeed in all industries? Why of why not? 8. Are Chinese provinces involved in trade the same extent? 9. Can China succeed in all industries? Q1 Nowadays China is one of the world's top exporting counties and is attracting record amounts of investment from overseas. In fact, it is investing billions of dollars abroad. The collapse in international export markets that accompanied the global financial crisis of 2009 initially hit China hard, but its economy was among the first in the world to rebound, quickly returning to growth. The following export product groups represent the highest dollar value in Chinese global shipments during 2012. Also shown is the percentage share each export category represents in terms of China’s overall exports. 1. Electronic equipment: (25.4% of total exports) 2. Machinery: (17.3%) 3. Knit or crochet clothing and accessories: (4.4%) 4. Furniture, lighting, signs and prefabricated buildings: (3.9%) 5....... Words: 1838 - Pages: 8 Premium Essay Hrm Planning ...HRM Planning Key Features: Define HR Planning and its crucial(Very serious) relationship with strategic organizational planning. Examine the nature and role of HRM info system(HRMIS) in HRP and SHRM Develop an understanding of the techniques of HRP and advantages/disadvantages of HRP process I.HRP and SHRM HRP is the bridge between HRS and HR Function(Activity).It’s the process through which the Organisational Goals are translated into HR goals in staff-ing levels and allocation HRP ensures the org have the right people with right skill in right place at the right time. HRP guides the long-term resourcing of people in org-the acquisition(capture),use and development of Human capital and knowledge assets Workfoce Planning(HRP)=>Preparing to recruit=>Attracting Staff=>Recruiting and selecting staff=>Developing and retaining staff. Step:Environmental Scanning(External and internal)=>Labour Demand Forecasting=>Labour supply analysis=>Balancing demand and supply Emphasied the need to diagnose(discover) the real reasons for mismatches in supply/demand Using a mix of qualitative and quantitative techniques It Involves: Forecasting labour requirement for an org Predicting likely(will happen) sources Environmental Scanning Development of Objective and Goals Formulating the necessary steps to meet needs Evaluation(Judgement) of the planning process The HR Planner should: 1st Analyzing Environmental Factors and Organization...... Words: 772 - Pages: 4 Free Essay ...(Organski 1968, 340). This has led researchers to question why South Korea was able to grow at such a remarkable pace, while other potential risers were not. For instance, Egypt, with a larger abundance of profitable natural resources, a larger land mass and nearly twice the population size, has had sluggish growth during that same time. Egypt’s GDP (OER) is US $255 billion; its unemployment is 12.5% or 130th in the world; and, its HDI ranking is 112th. Immanuel Wallerstein’s World System Analysis[2] provides a theoretical framework to consider such growth and development inequalities. He argues an essential organizing characteristic of the modern capitalist world economy is the division of labour. Wallerstein argues systemic power structures institutionalize structural divisions in labour and amplify core-periphery relations. This essay will consider the role of strong state machineries[3] for developmental growth in such a system. Through a comparative analysis of Egypt and South Korea, this essay will demonstrate that nationalistic state intervention is necessary for economic development[4]. Wallerstein’s... Words: 1095 - Pages: 5 Premium Essay ...Human Development Research Paper 2010/30 Dealing with employment risk: Policy options for emerging markets Simon Commander United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports Research Paper November 2010 Human Development Research Paper 2010/30 Dealing with employment risk: Policy options for emerging markets Simon Commander United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports Research Paper 2010/30 November 2010 Dealing with employment risk: Policy options for emerging markets1 Simon Commander Simon Commander is Managing Partner at the EBRD, IE Business School and Altura Advisers. Email: Comments should be addressed by email to the author(s). 1 Thanks to Jeni Klugman for discussion and comments and to Ginette Azcona for help with data. Abstract The paper looks at the experience of advanced economies in dealing with employment volatility. It examines in detail the impact of labour market institutions on equilibrium unemployment and the p ossible le ssons f or e merging ma rket e conomies tr ying to d esign p olicy f or d ealing w ith unemployment and a wider, growing demand for social protection from their citizens. Part of the paper concentrates on t he t ransition e conomies whose i nstitutional c ontext m ay b e r elevant t o other emerging ma rkets. S ome leading principles in policy d esign a re elaborated th at take into account s ome o f t he co mmon f eatures o f em erging m arkets, n... Words: 19075 - Pages: 77 Free Essay Space Oddity ...and Ideas 1. Outline TWO features of a political party. 5 marks One feature of a political party is to campaign in elections. Campaigning is where a party tries to gain peoples support for their ideologies. This maybe by informing the public about major current problems and how the party would solve the problems. Campaigning can take the form of speeches, political broadcasts and door to door campaigning. Parties also have organisation. They have a structured hierarchy with the most powerful people at the top. There is a leader such as Gordon Brown for Labour, then senior members, which in a government would be the cabinet. Then there are lower MPs and also whips to enforce party policy. 2. Explain Three ways in which ‘new’ labour differs from ‘old’ labour. 10 marks New Labour removed clause IV from its constitution. This was a reference to common ownership and so removal of old labour policy of nationalisation. Old labour’s core socialist value of common ownership meant that everyone had a share in business and so an equal share of rewards and input. New Labour, however, has adopted capitalist ideas of a free market with private businesses. There were even talks of part-privatisation of the royal mail. New labour has also abandoned its socialist core value of class. This was that they fought for the rights of the working class alone and believed that over time there should be no classes. They rejected the idea of Natural Order. New Labour has largely abandoned this...... Words: 682 - Pages: 3 Free Essay What Is Happening to Jobs ...communal work is a vital foundation of meaning and satisfaction in our lives. Conversely, work can therefore create dissatisfaction for individuals. The key points of the chapter are market individualism, alienation and the division of labour, the changing character of labour, and subjectivity, status and satisfaction. Market individualism is created by the negotiation between employers and employees of a labour contract of an employee’s labour for a wage in return, along with which the wages are spent on supplies suited to an individual’s needs. The notion of ‘consumer sovereignty’ conveys that the individual is the best judge of their preferences and therefore individuals are able to enter into contracts to give away his or her labour. Alienation and the division of labour demonstrate that ‘structured antagonism’ (Edwards 1986) is implanted within employment relationship, meaning that is characterised by the potential for conflict as well as co-operation. Employees are alienated from the product of their labour and therefore its purpose, along with being alienated from the act of production. Thus, conveying that alienation is not only work displeasure, but it is intrinsic to the employment relationship that includes a structural antagonism between employer and employee. The changing character of labour, manual work is continuing to... Words: 749 - Pages: 3
August 31, 2021 From Million Dollar Vegan Estimated reading time: 6½ minutes Chicken nuggets have become a popular choice worldwide, as the trend for hand-held fast food has grown. But what do we really know about how they are made, and the impact they have on our health, the environment and on animals? What Are Chicken Nuggets Made Of? The meat inside nuggets, unsurprisingly, comes from chickens. It can be pieces of ground-up meat but often it is “mechanically recovered meat” or MRM. This is the remaining shreds of flesh that are blasted off the bone after the carcass has been butchered. How Are Chicken Nuggets Made? The reason chicken nuggets are so cheap is because of factory farming, and the reason they are so tasty is because they taste nothing like chicken meat. Let’s take a look at the whole process, from living beings through to heavily marketed ‘nuggets’. Take A Chicken From A Crowded Confinement Almost all chickens in the US, Europe and elsewhere are confined inside factory farms where they are kept alive but none of their other needs are met. Because tens of thousands of birds are held together in each shed, and there may be a dozen or more sheds on each farm, their lives are cheap. The birds do not get individual care and attention, and millions suffer to death right there in the sheds, unable even to survive six weeks in the squalid conditions. Six weeks? Yes, these birds have been genetically manipulated to put on weight fast which makes their bodies balloon (and their hearts fail and their limbs break) but despite their size, they are just babies when they are killed. Feed Her Low-nutrition Food And Antibiotics The margin of profit for each bird is so small that every cost is carefully managed. The feed given to the birds needs only to ensure their weight rises dramatically, it does not need to sustain them healthily. And so their feed is made up of cheap ingredients, including significant quantities of soy, much of it grown on deforested lands and shipped around the world. And because of those conditions – immunocompromised birds packed in together in filthy surroundings, often with no fresh air, and nothing to exercise body or mind – the birds are routinely fed antibiotics, in a bid to keep as many as possible alive through those six short weeks. The widespread use of antibiotics in farmed animals helps drive antibiotic-resistant pathogens in people. Already, drug-resistant bacteria sicken 2.8 million Americans each year, and kill around 35,000 people, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Dispose Of Sick And Dead Chickens Unsurprisingly, in those conditions, many birds succumb. Their bodies are simply thrown in the dead bins or left to rot where they lay. Even birds who are ailing but still alive have been found tossed in the trash, and left to suffocate under the weight of their dead companions. It truly is a heartless industry. Kill The Chosen Chicken At the end of the six-week cycle, the sheds are emptied. The birds are packed into crates, either physically by catching gangs who work fast, grabbings birds by their legs and wings, or mechanically, where the animals are swept up by machinery. Once packed tightly into a crate, many already suffering broken legs and wings, the birds are loaded onto trucks and transported through all weathers – blistering heat, driving rain and unbearable cold – over long distances to get to the slaughterhouse. There, they may be shackled upside down while still conscious, and their throats are cut. Attempts at stunning do not work for every bird. Some slaughterhouses gas the birds to death in specially-constructed chambers. Pluck The Chicken In Boiling Water Once they have been bled, the birds’ bodies are tipped into hot water baths to loosen their feathers, and then it is on to the butchery line. Deboning And Grinding The meat is cut, stripped and blasted off the bones. Any parts that can be profited from are cut out, including the feet, and then the meat destined for nuggets is ground down. Season To Mask The Flavor Flesh does not taste great on its own. To make it palatable, it has to be flavored and it is the seasonings used that make nuggets so tasty. The good news is that all those seasonings come from plants, and so it is easy to create vegan chickn nuggets that have all the taste and texture and none of the suffering or environmental impact. Shaping And Frying The minced meat paste is cut into cute shapes, to make them handleable and easy to consume, and then they are fried. We tend to crave high-fat products like these – a throwback to our evolutionary history when finding calorie-dense foods was beneficial – but today they come with considerable health implications. The Truth About Chicken Nuggets There some pretty unsavory truths about chicken nuggets. The Pink Slime According to the USDA, mechanically recovered meat, also known as mechanically separated meat, is “a paste-like and batter-like meat product produced by forcing bones, with attached edible meat, under high pressure through a sieve or similar device to separate the bone from the edible meat tissue.” This looks like, and has become known as, pink slime. And it is this slime that is shaped and coated and sold to us as food. The Environmental Impact Research shows that almost every animal product – including chicken – is worse for the planet than almost every plant product. Chicken meat, for example, produces three times more climate-changing emissions than tofu, and it is inextricably linked with deforestation, as much of the feed shipped to factory farms around the world contains soy grown on deforested lands. When trees are cut down, wildlife is lost. Chicken farms are also renowned water and air polluters, and this also has a profoundly negative impact on wildlife. Overall, chicken farms are really bad news for the planet. Are Chicken Nuggets Bad For You? They’re certainly not a health food! In 2015, The World Health Organization confirmed that all processed meats – such as chicken nuggets – cause colorectal cancer, and there is also an association with stomach cancer. Plus, there is strong evidence to suggest a connection between a higher consumption of fried foods and chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, and heart failure. And let’s not forget the pathogens associated with handling and eating chicken – things like salmonella, campylobacter and E.coli. These are responsible for making millions of people sick every year. There is a broader health risk, too. When we consider that chicken farms are associated with serious pandemic risk and also contribute to antibiotic-resistant pathogens emerging, we can see just how dangerous the chicken farming industry is. The Animal Cruelty Most people hate factory farming, and know that the animals confined inside such facilities have a miserable life. And yet, we are so disconnected from our food systems that we may not realize that almost every single piece of chicken consumed in the US, Europe and elsewhere comes from this very system we dislike. Tens of thousands of birds are packed into each unit. There is no enrichment, nothing to occupy their bright, inquisitive minds. The birds are permitted nothing but food and they are allowed to live just six weeks. Because they have been purpose-bred to put on weight fast, their hearts and bones come under enormous pressure. All too often hearts fail and legs break under the strain. Just imagine standing your whole life on broken legs, with no pain relief, no care at all. It’s a pitiless industry that causes immense suffering. When we weigh up the pros and cons of chicken nuggets, we balance taste against animal suffering, environmental degradation, personal and public health. So, what if we could avoid all the bad stuff and still get the flavor we love? We can. There are many companies producing super tasty vegan fried chickn that looks, cooks and tastes like chicken, but does not come with the raft of negatives. There is a phrase we love and feel inspired by: “be the change you want to see in the world.” If we don’t want to live in a world where animals endure factory farming and slaughter, where one reckless industry pollutes and poisons our planet and raises serious public health risks, we can do something: we can simply stop supporting it. Interested in finding out more? We recommended reading Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser Source: Milliondollarvegan.com
Herbal Spotlight: Neem Herbal Spotlight: Neem Neem. It's an Ayurvedic powerhouse, used in a variety of treatments from digestive concerns to insect repellent, from coughs and colds to malaria, from treating intestinal parasites to a natural household disinfectant, from acne to serious rashes. As an herbalist, I often hear India's Neem tree likened to America's Dandelion. It's an easy comparison to make; both are prolific and grow like weeds, both have wonderful and diverse medicinal properties, neither really gets the attention they deserve, and both can be used to make beer! Both plants are classified as alteratives, a class of herb that purifies the blood, aids in bodily detoxification, can be used to disinfect wounds, and helps to break fevers. But that is where the comparison ends. Dandelion works more closely with the liver and kidneys, aiding the body's natural filtering systems. Neem takes a primary defensive line from the intestines, where 75% of the immune system lives. It's one of the most powerful blood-purifiers and detoxificants in Ayurvedic pharmacology, and is used when treating fungal, bacterial, or inflammatory conditions. It's a common recommendation for clearing parasites out of the intestinal tract and is used for short term microflora resets. As science delves deeper into the myriad of bacteria that live in our guts, the good ones, the bad ones, and the ugly ones, we gain a clearer picture of how these bacteria, the microflora of our bodies, shapes our general well-being. Our gut biomes are responsible for our metabolisms, our immune systems, and play a large role in our body's ability to transform food into energy. Neem's anti-inflammatory prowess and disinfectant qualities are used in short, 2-4 week spurts to clear out harmful bacteria and parasites in the intestinal tract, giving the body a gut-biome reset. However, usage of neem should always be done in shorter spurts, as it can have a negative impact on the healthy gut bacteria if taken over a prolonged amount of time. While neem works primarily in the intestinal tract, it partners with the liver and kidney in the same way dandelion does, powering the body's natural filtration systems and generally Taking Care of Business in a fashion that would leave Randy Bachman proud. Thanks to neem's blood-purifying super powers, it's able to impact every part of the body where blood flows- including the respiratory system. It reduces mucus and assists in opening the airways. It has also been used to help treat cardiovascular diseases. In India, all parts of the neem plant are used. In the days of yore, thin neem branches were used as tooth brushes. The wood was chewed, and the fibers broke down, working much the way a standard toothbrush works, brushing away plaque. The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties reduced gingivitis and promoted good oral health, and neem can often be found as an ingredient in natural oral hygiene products. Tea made from the leaves is used to wash away infection and irritation of many kinds- cuts and wounds in the skin, a wash for irritated eyes, a medicated water for acne; one could think of it as India's traditional version of Neosporin. Neem leaves and branches are famous for their distinct, pervasive, unpleasant smell, but the flowers of the neem plant are sweet and reminiscent of Jasmine flowers. The flowers are used in cooking rice and lentil dishes, as when ingested they carry similar digestive benefits to the leaves. Alcohol based extracts of neem flowers have also been used as an oral contraceptive (although please don't use this as a primary form of birth control). Pregnant women should use caution when taking neem, as a high dosage can, in some cases, cause a miscarriage. The oil, extracted from the seeds, is the strongest smelling of them all, and is commonly used to treat skin concerns. Neem soap is highly recommended for individuals dealing with various types of dermatitis, and is also wonderful for individuals in the trades. If you're doing outdoor work, neem is an excellent insect repellant, and using it as a soap gets the plant into your skin without oil residue. If you're working in a factory or mechanical setting, exposed to harsh chemicals and solvents that consistently end up on your hands, neem cleans and disinfects, plus boosts your immune system so the negative impact of said chemicals is reduced. The neem plant is a true gift from Mother Nature, sharing its wealth of benefits everywhere it goes. It's the kind of plant you can call on to fix what ails you, much in the same way you'd call a handyman. However, when taking neem internally, use caution with the dosage and duration. Neem is a powerful plant, and is not recommended for the very old or the very young, and it can have adverse impacts if taken in too high a dose or for too long. Please consult a professional if you have specific concerns around taking neem. Extensive topical usage for skin, hair, and oral health is not cause for concern. Neem is one of the primary active ingredients in Vedic Botanicals' Easy Breathe Balm, Bite Relief, and Skin Soothe. About the Author: Rachel Warnock holds a Master's Degree in Ayurvedic Medicine from Maharishi International University and is the Lead Herbalist at Vedic Botanicals. She has 10 years of experience mixing herbs and working with individuals to meet their health and wellness goals, specializing in neurological and dermatological wellness.
Question: What Is Working Capital And Its Factors? What is working capital and its determinants? The determinants of working capital are items that have a direct impact on the amount invested in current assets and current liabilities. Accordingly, managers are always trying to adjust the manner in which operations are run in order to pare back on the working capital investment.. What is the working capital cycle? How do we calculate working capital? How do you control working capital? Tips for Effectively Managing Working CapitalManage Procurement and Inventory. Prudent inventory management is an important factor in making the most of your working capital. … Pay vendors on time. Enforcing payment discipline should be a key part of your payables process. … Improve the receivables process. … Manage debtors effectively. Is rent a working capital? Unlike loans that are used to cover long-term expenses, working capital loans can be used to pay for day-to-day operational expenses such as rent and payroll. What is a good working capital ratio? How many types of working capital are there? two typesWith Under the balance sheet view, there are two types of working capital. Why is too much working capital Bad? An excessively high ratio suggests the company is letting excess cash and other assets just sit idle, rather than actively investing its available capital in expanding business. This indicates poor financial management and lost business opportunities. What is the formula of cash flow? Cash flow formula: Free Cash Flow = Net income + Depreciation/Amortization – Change in Working Capital – Capital Expenditure. Operating Cash Flow = Operating Income + Depreciation – Taxes + Change in Working Capital. Cash Flow Forecast = Beginning Cash + Projected Inflows – Projected Outflows = Ending Cash. What is the concept of working capital? What is minimum working capital? Current working capital shall be defined as all Current Assets, less all Current Liabilities. … What do you mean by permanent and temporary working capital? What are the factors of working capital? Factors Determining Working CapitalNature and Size of Business. The working capital need of a business depends a great deal on its nature and size. … Business Cycle. Business cycle too has a significant impact on the working capital needs of a business. … Production Cycle. … Seasonal Fluctuations. … Operational Efficiency. What are the 4 main components of working capital? What is permanent working capital? Permanent working capital refers to the minimum amount of working capital i.e. the amount of current assets over current liabilities which is needed to conduct a business even during the dullest period. What is a good working capital days? Days working capital describes how many days it takes for a company to convert its working capital into revenue. The more days a company has of working capital, the more time it takes to convert that working capital into sales. The higher the days working capital number the less efficient a company is.
Which finger is most at risk for osteoarthritis? Which finger joints are affected by osteoarthritis? The joints commonly affected by osteoarthritis are the DIP joint, PIP joint, basilar joint and wrist joint. Osteoarthritis sometimes causes Bouchard’s nodes, which are bumps at the middle joint, or Heberden’s nodes, which are bumps at the end of the finger. How can I prevent osteoarthritis in my fingers? Hand Osteoarthritis Prevention 1. Try not to do activities that involve the same motions over and over again. And if you can, skip the ones that might work your joints too much. 2. Keep a healthy weight. 3. Exercise to make your joints and muscles stronger. Can osteoarthritis affect just one finger? See What Is Osteoarthritis? Hand osteoarthritis can affect just one joint, such as the joint at the base of the thumb, or several joints in the fingers, wrist, and thumb. What is the biggest risk factor for osteoarthritis? IT IS AMAZING: Frequent question: Can I claim any benefits for arthritis? What are the 4 stages of osteoarthritis? The four stages of osteoarthritis are: • Stage 2 – Mild. More noticeable bone spurs. … How do you get rid of osteoarthritis bumps on fingers? You can treat pain and swelling with rest, splints, ice, physical therapy, and pain medicines like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In rare cases, your doctor might suggest surgery to remove the nodes, or replace or fuse one of the joints in your fingers. How can I reverse osteoarthritis? Osteoarthritis can be reversible by chondroprotective agents if the following conditions are met: 1. cartilage remains intact over joint surfaces; 2. subchondral bone is intact; 3. lifestyle changes to reduce pressure on affected joint are followed; 4. analgesic use is kept to a minimum or ideally, not used; Can finger arthritis be reversed? Arthritis can’t be reversed, but it can be managed. If you have arthritis, but you don’t feel like your current treatment is working, call your doctor. You may need to try a different type of treatment. With the right kind of care, you can manage your arthritis and live a productive life. Can you reverse osteoarthritis in fingers? There is no cure, but healthy lifestyle habits and treatments can help manage your symptoms and keep you active. Non-Drug Treatments: Reducing strain on joints with a splint or brace, adapting hand movements, doing hand exercises or using hot or cold therapy can help to ease pain. IT IS AMAZING: Why does knee arthritis hurt more at night?
Are ‘fabric masks’ recommendable? By Mònica Ardanuy, Diana Cayuela, Enric Carrera and José Antonio Tornero from the Institute of Textile Research and Industrial Cooperation of Terrassa (INTEXTER) Recently, some news items have appeared in which the efficacy of what are known as “fabric masks” is called into question. Before we look at the subject of efficacy, we should clarify that all masks are made of fibres (or threads) that form fabrics. Therefore, technically, all masks are made from fabric. On first impression, some of them may seem to be made of plastic or paper. However, if we look at them with a magnifying glass we can easily see that they are comprised of fibres tangled together to form a fabric. If they did not have this structure, the masks would not be porous enough to allow us to breathe. What are “fabric masks” really? Masks can be classified in two different ways: according to the number of uses (one use or reusable) or depending on the final recommended use (personal protective equipment [PPE], surgical or non-surgical). PPE and surgical masks are generally for one use only. Non-surgical masks are reusable up to a certain number of washes. Hereafter, when we talk about reusable non-surgical masks we refer to those known as “fabric masks”. These masks are regulated by standards and should meet two basic technical requirements: filtration efficacy and breathability. Masks that do not meet these standards are considered “homemade”. They do not meet any regulations and therefore we do not know how well they protect against the virus. What is important is the level of protection Classification of masks depending on the degree of protection can be related with filtration capacity. So, we can distinguish between: • PPE-type masks: classified as FFP1, FFP2 and FFP3 depending on the level of filtration of particles in suspension (78%, 92% or 98% respectively). • Surgical masks type I or II: with minimum levels of bacterial filtration efficacy of 95% and 98% respectively. • Non-surgical masks: which could be of one us of various uses (reusable), with minimum levels of bacterial filtration of 95 and 90% respectively. It is very important to clearly understand the meaning of the degrees of filtration and how they are measured. PPE-type masks measure the capacity to filter particles of over 0.3 microns, while surgical and non-surgical masks determine the efficacy of bacterial filtration (particles larger than 3 microns). Therefore, the PPE-type masks have a high filtration capacity for particles that are 10 times smaller than the rest of the masks. A high capacity of bacterial filtration of particles larger than 3 microns does not guarantee that a high percentage of smaller particles are filtered. A mask could be filtering a high percentage of bacteria but not viruses in suspension. However, it should be considered that the virus is transmitted by air-borne particles (of a size smaller than 5 microns) as well as by droplets, which are much larger. From all the above, we can obtain a first clear conclusion: PPE-type masks (FFP2 or FFP3) are what provide better protection against air-borne particles that contain virus. These masks are particularly recommendable in small spaces that are not well-ventilated and have a high viral load. Health professionals who are exposed to these extreme conditions are the ideal type of user for these masks. This is the advice given by the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Tourism. Do reusable non-medical masks protect us? Firstly, no mask can guarantee 100% protection. As we have seen, even the most effective masks (PPE) have filtration levels below 100%. That is why it is very important to protect ourselves with other complementary measures such as distance and hand-washing. However, just because a mask does not protect us 100% does not mean that it is not useful or that it does not protect us to a high per cent. Depending on the context, one or another type of mask is recommendable. Healthy people should use non-medical masks, sick people should use surgical masks and people in contact with the virus should use PPE. Does this recommendation make sense? In our opinion, yes. Depending on the situation we are in, there will be more or less concentration of virus particles and their propagation will be predominantly in the form or air-borne particles or droplets. In some cases, it will be more important to protect others from the droplets that we emit when we speak, cough or sneeze than from potential air-borne particles. In places where the probability of concentration of particles is very low (ventilated spaces, with an uninfected population that use masks and maintain the safe distance), protecting ourselves with a surgical or non-surgical mask could be enough. In some cases, the levels of filtration of surgical masks and non-surgical reusable masks are similar. Therefore, reusable non-surgical masks can provide levels of safety similar to those of surgical masks. Certified, well-used non-medical masks If we choose a reusable non-medical mask to protect ourselves, we should ensure that it meets current regulations. Consumers should ensure that masks on sale meet the standards. Just as it is vital to know a mask’s level of protection, it is also essential to ensure correct use. It is of no use to wear a high filtration capacity PPE mask if it is not well-adjusted to our face. It could be less effective in this case than a well-fitted non-medical mask. In addition, proper cleaning and disinfection of masks is important. To achieve this, we should follow manufacturers’ recommendations or, if they are not provided, those of the Ministry of Health. In most cases, a normal washing machine cycle of between 60℃ and 90℃ will be sufficient. So, if we choose a certified reusable non-medical mask and use it correctly, it will serve to prevent the release and propagation of the virus SARS-CoV-2. In addition, these masks are more comfortable and aesthetically pleasing than surgical masks or PPE. We will also contribute to the development and consolidation of the Spanish textile industry. By using them, we will help to stimulate our economy. Using reusable non-surgical masks is more sustainable Considering that a surgical mask weighs approximately three grammes, if each Spaniard uses three masks a week, we would generate 1,710 tonnes of waste a month. The choice of reusable non-surgical masks therefore contributes significantly to reducing waste generation. In addition, if their collection is managed correctly (including a previous disinfection system) they can be recycled and converted into new textile products. Article published on 16 November on the website The Conversation Visitas totales: 1 Visitas hoy: Leave a Reply
Subsidiary account From CEOpedia \| Management online Subsidiary account See also Subsidiary account - is an account that keeps track of any information concerning transactions through accounts receivable and accounts payable. Subsidiary accounts are linked in a subsidiary ledger that in turn is summarized under a general ledger. A subsidiary account is a part of a three-level system that controls all the transactions occurring in the entity[1]: • lowest level: subsidiary account (constituting the part of a subsidiary ledger); • next-lowest level: subsidiary ledger (the aggregated total number of them enter the control account); • highest level: control account (one of the parts of the general ledger). Examples of subsidiary account[2][3]: • a vendor record that belongs to accounts payable ledger. This type of subsidiary account provides the detail for the amount that is indebted to specific suppliers. • a customer record that belongs to accounts receivable ledger, that in its turn includes the transactions on the accounts’ receivable control account in the aforementioned general ledger. This subsidiary account lists amount of money that is indebted to the company by specific customers. Fig.1. General and Subsidiary Ledger Accounts example Purpose and uses Subsidiary account has the following functions[4]: 1. The essential function of a subsidiary account (ledger) is controlling customer payments and avoiding overpayment and other accounting instances. Since accounting relies on details, the balance sheet may help to reveal the problems of over-/underpaying. 2. Another function of subsidiary accounts (ledgers) is to reveal embezzlements and internal corporate fraud. Subsidiary ledgers can prevent such fraud schemes as: fictitious receivables offset, lapping, borrowing against receivables using accounts as a collateral one, adjoining one client's payment to another client's account to disguise theft. 3. Project management functions are also provided by the use of a subsidiary account (ledger) since it helps to manage accounts that finance each separate project. If a company caters for a number of customers, its subsidiary accounts are divided by customers and they show what service the customers choose the company for. Having subsidiary accounts, the companies can stay aware of the amount of money indebted and for which service. 4. Aging subsidiary accounts is a tool used by business owners to check their clients’ reliability and detect defaulted accounts. The report on aged accounts demonstrates for how long the clients have owned money, what the total debt sum is and which client past due. This tool and the subsidiary ledgers are of the utmost importance for the business and its proper management of accounts receivable. Without subsidiary accounts a business owner cannot have the complete information about customers that owe money for an extended period of time (the amount receivable can be, for example, 30, 60, 90 days old). 5. A better demographic and geography-wise targeting – is another opportunity a subsidiary account provides. The control and analysis of a whole subsidiary ledger provides invaluable information for a business management: it can help to define consistency in payment of each region, reliability remittance of different age groups and the biggest sources of cash flow for a business. The benefits of having an subsidiary account are as follows[5]: 1. Subsidiary accounts can demonstrate in one account transaction how a customer or creditor were affected, providing business owners with up-to-date information on specific balances. 2. They eliminate unnecessary excessive details from general ledger; thus, the latter is not overloaded with vast numbers of individual accounts. 3. Eliminations of errors in individual accounts by the implementation of control accounts or reduction of accounts in a ledger. 4. Enables division of labour in introducing new numbers to the ledger. An employee from one department can post to subsidiary ledger, while another can post to the general ledger. The disadvantages of having an subsidiary account are as follows[6]: 1. All the functions of a subsidiary account require additional legal and accounting operations. 2. Tedious procedures increase bureaucracy. 3. Since subsidiary accounts require specific documentation – the financial statements become more complex. 4. The company is liable for subsidiary's criminal actions and debts. 1. Epstein B. J., Jermakowicz E. K.(2010), p. 561-565 3. Perri A. (2015), p. 62 4. Bragg S. M. (2005), p. 36, 136 5. Lerner J. J. (2004), p. 40-45 6. Lerner J. J. (2004), p. 40-45 Author: Kamil Piszczek
compared with Current by georgi.naumov on Aug 05, 2013 10:41. This line was removed. This word was removed. This word was added. This line was added. Changes (39) View Page History JS has gained a lot in the last 3 years, owing to these developments: - the only language that's universally implemented in browsers - new virtual machine (V8) that's 20-100x faster than older implementations implementations[] !JavaScript Performance Timeline.png! - server-side and cloud deployments (node.js) - a huge amount of libraries for web development. E.g. see this list of popular libraries that Google is hosting on its distributed server network, to increase speed [] - presentation for what's coming next in JavaScript: [] ResearchSpace currently uses the following popular libraries h2. AngularJS If we decide (or you force us ;-) ) to use JS as the basis of RS, here's a library that could become our foundational framework. (This below is compiled from a discussion between me and Krum Georgiev) AngularJS is a web app framework by Google that seems very well put together. Clean model/view separation (separation of concerns through a variation of MVC); very clean markup (declarative templates with data-binding); dependency injection, keep model & view automatically in sync; define application "routes" (URL mappings) and support deep (bookmarkable) links; attach to specific pieces of your page (doesn't want to own the page); define your own tags in html ("directives") and create components easily (providing a HTML compiler for creating your own DSL in HTML: "what HTML would have been, had it been designed for building web-apps.") That doesn't mean we won't use other JS libraries like jQuery, Dojo, Prototype, Underscore, Backplane, etc. AngularJS doesn't try to be the only framwork, and plays well with other frameworks. It's an MVC (MVP, MVVM, etc.) framework, that could be of real help when dealing with numerous spaghetti callbacks (jQuery or similar). The greatest benefit is that the app can more maintainable, and able to add arbitrary features much more easily. Krum: javascript MV\* frameworks are a must for every mid to large JS based project. AngularJS maybe allows you to create a web app completely within the browser, and relegate the role of the backend to manipulating and serving data, but not creating UI. All submits in AJAX, and no normal submits needed anymore ;-) - [] 4 nice examples. One shows how to store data in the cloud in a few lines (see Wire up a Backend, mongolab.js) - [] Comprehensive tutorial, builds a mobile phone store - [] Shows unit testing with Jasmine and Testaculous. It's in BDD-style (think RSpec and Cucumber): very easy to write and natural to read - [] Shows end-to-end (e2e) testing in exactly the same BDD style and using similar syntax. - APIs, modules etc - [] Gallery of applications built with AngularJS - []. The DoubleClick Digital Marketing Manager and other DoubleClick Digital Marketing Platform applications are used by thousands of marketers and agencies worldwide. Google bought DoubleClick, and this is the platform that drives their advertising busienss - [] Gallery of applications built with AngularJS Uses HTML5 Canvas for the tag-graph. Says they'll show the source if someone's interested - [] Olympics 2012 real time live data (in Italian) Downsides: quite steep learning curve; novel and untried. Although the tutorial is very clear on how you use it, the backend workings of it sound like black magic: some of the "wiring" is accomplished through naming convention, as in Rails. h2. GWT Google Web Toolkit (GWT) is used by Google to build many of their apps, eg GMail. Programs using GWT are written in Java, which is translated to JavaScript for execution on the browser. Discussion on the angular.js forum "When is GWT appropriate, when is AngularJS appropriate?"[\!topic/angular/9P4RD3IbQwk\|!topic/angular/9P4RD3IbQwk]!topic/angular/9P4RD3IbQwk The most significant post is by Adam Bender: * Great Development environment that makes you productive even though you have a compile step in your build * The ability to use Google Guava library. Don't underestimate the power of having robust utility libraries to do things like argument assertions, collection traversal, exotic data structures etc. There really is nothing better than Guava when it comes to this kind of stuff. Of course because Guava is used by the GWT dev team it means that you dont have to worry about it surviving the JRE emulation - it will just work\! * The single greatest thing about GWT for me was the programming model of Activities and Places - more commonly known as Model, View, Presenter (MVP). This programming model is a perfect fit for web application in particular where you may want to reuse logic to power different shaped views (read phone, tablet, laptop etc.). GWT really embraced this pattern to great effect h3. GWT Cons * It's still Java. No matter how you slice it, and how ironic it is, Java just isn't web-ui friendly. Java is not a good choice for anything programming problem that involves a lot of click handlers, or one-off listeners. Anonymous Inner Classes are just not the right way to do it\! * Even with the speed ups you have to avoid compiling as much as possible. On my laptop (late-model quad core mac book pro) compile times range into the 2 - 3 minutes time frame. It is twice as slow on a dual core machine. That really is a long time to wait between making changes and seeing a result. Even though the GWT team have done a great job making compilation less necessary during day-to-day development it's still manages to suck time out of my dev cycle. Also, like taxes and my waist - compile times only seem to grow with time. * Adapting 3rd party libraries is possible, but not fun and you end up writing this weird mix of "javascript-in-java multi-line comments" which never seems to format correctly in IDEs and is completely opaque to syntax highlighting apparently. * GWT applications cant support dynamic module loading easily. Think of a portal like iGoogle where you want to include many modules, perhaps only determining which ones at run time. GWT will fight you every step of the way because GWT, due to the extreme optimization it does, likes everything in the world to be known at compile time. This means that you can't link code up in the browser which means you lose out on what I think is one of the greatest features of the web. * Related to that last point, GWT is not very modular in and of itself. While there is the ability to do code splitting to improve load times, you still end up sucking down a lot of GWT library stuff for even the simplest hello world app. Now this may or may not matter to you, but if you have mobile dev in mind, every byte counts\! * Angular has a healthy and vibrant community where any question you have can be answered pretty quickly. * Testability, testability, testability\! If you are going to write code in a dynamically typed language then you have to have a fantastic tests story and Angular has created one. Both due to it's use of core test-enabling patterns like DI but also through the development of the Scenario Tester that lets me write Selenium style end-to-end tests using JavaScript as my language of choice. * Part of being a young project means the docs and examples out there aren't quite polished down which can be quite annoying. However, this problem is getting better by the day and as far as I am concerned Angular has exceptional docs given it's limited exposure to public consumption. * Angular has been knocked for its dirty-checking for binding approach. While I cant comment on the alternatives to much I think for the most part this is a non-issue for most apps but you'd have to evaluate your applications binding needs. This is something that we should keep in mind - dirty-checking can cause major performance problems if there is more information. For example 2000 pieces of information to a human on a single page. Anything more than that is really bad UI, and humans can't process this anyway. For more information check this link: h3. Bottom Line If you have only Java developers - use GWT. If you would prefer to have a compiler help catch some, but by no means all human errors - use GWT. If you need to rely on extensive examples or documentation, for now GWT is better but that will change. If it is going to be a very large, long lived application - something static typing an the Java tooling ecosystem may help with then GWT is your option. However, if you want to build apps from small to large and you are comfortable with JavaScript as a programming language - not just a way to make animated transitions - then Angular is the first framework to give you the power to build a proper application. One where you stop thinking about the incidental complexity and can therefore focus on the essential complexity. With Angular you can be as big or small as you want, as dynamic as you want and really use the web to its fullest potential. Don't forget that the JavaScript tooling ecosystem is getting better every day\- I can even put my JS app in Sonar now, build it with maven, run JSHint in my IDE and more. So the days of JavaScript being considered a toy language which no real project can be done in are long gone. Using Angular you can really put the lie to that line of argument. Personally, having discovered Angular I don't think I would ever recommend GWT as a place to start for a web app. While GWT represents a truly amazing engineering success, I think it is an idea whose time has come and gone. I look forward to a future building AngularJS apps and solving problems for customers in a way that not only makes them happy, but keeps me from wanting to know my finger tips off\! h2. Bootstrap h1. DART Google is working on a new web language: []. It is a competition to JS that allows safer and more scalable programming. It has native implementations (Chrome, maybe Mozilla, node.js) but also a translator (dart2js) to JS to allow deployment on more devices. The native implementation already outperforms V8 by 20-30% (see slide 39).
Question: How To Sing Like Brent Smith? Can anyone sing well with lessons? Can you teach yourself to sing? How can I make my singing voice higher? Here are my 5 Quick Tips to Sing Better High Notes 1. Build Your Vocal Strength. In order to hit better high notes, you need to strengthen your voice. 2. Open Your Mouth More When You Sing. 3. Point Your Chin Down. 4. Hold Your Jaw Open. 5. Press the Back of Your Tongue Down. You might be interested: FAQ: Where Is Barking And Dagenham? Can you learn to sing without a vocal coach? No, but a teacher helps. It’s one of those counterintuitive things. If you happen to have a lot of advantages that makes singing come fairly naturally, like a good ear, lots of music exposure as a kid, and a good sense of your own voice and body, then it can seem easy to learn to sing without formal instruction. Is singing a talent or skill? Can anyone sing or is it a gift? Can a bad singer become good? This is the most common fear and complaint that vocal teachers hear. Even if you have a “ bad ” singing voice in the beginning, the truth is that once you understand the basics and establish good practice routines, you’ll become a much better singer. You’ll also come to appreciate the uniqueness of your voice! How do you warm up your voice? 9 best vocal warm – ups for singers 1. Yawn-sigh Technique. For this quick vocal exercise, simply yawn (take in air) with your mouth closed. 2. Humming warm -upS. 3. Vocal Straw Exercise. 4. Lip buzz Vocal warm – up. 5. Tongue trill exercise. 6. Jaw Loosening ExerciseS. 7. Two-octave pitch glide Warm – Up. 8. Vocal Sirens Exercise. You might be interested: Who Won The Battle Of Barnet? How can I sing beautifully? 2. Keep fit and healthy. 3. Try to feel the song. 4. Try to smile when you sing. 5. Start vocal lessons if possible. 7. Just keep practicing! What are the 6 types of voices? Who can sing the highest note? How can I sing with a bad voice? Extend your vocal range. 1. To extend your vocal range, do it a half-step or full step at a time. Practice with short scales and get comfortable singing that new note properly before trying to push your voice any higher or lower. 2. Taking lessons from a vocal coach is the safest, most effective way of increasing your range. Did Ed Sheeran take singing lessons? You might be interested: Question: How Far Is Barnet From Gatwick? Can I become a good singer without lessons? Written by Leave a Reply
DEV Community Cover image for Year in Review: Lateral Movement Tactics & Techniques of 2019 Gilad David Maayan Gilad David Maayan Posted on • Updated on Year in Review: Lateral Movement Tactics & Techniques of 2019 Lateral movement attacks are not new, but studies indicate that this category of cybercrime is becoming the new normal. In fact, 70% of all attacks include a lateral movement attempt. Today’s attackers are equipped with high-end tooling, AI-powered automation, and the patience required to move silently through a network. The increasing popularity of lateral movement attacks, and the increasingly distributed nature of networks, put everyone at risk. Each endpoint—from smartphones and laptops, through smart printers and scanners, to servers and routers—could serve as a point of entry. Each user—from veteran IT professionals and CEOs, through new employees, random guests, and third-party collaborators—could be tricked into granting access to the network. In this article, you’ll learn what lateral movement really is, and which techniques are commonly used during lateral attempts. What Is Lateral Movement? Lateral movement is a tactic used by hackers to move through a network in order to access or damage data or assets. When employing this tactic, attackers use a variety of methods and tools to gain access and privileges. They then use this access to move between devices and components, isolating targets, mapping the system, and accessing data. How it works Lateral movement is employed after an attacker gains access to a system via an endpoint. This is typically achieved with compromised credentials. As an attacker moves through a system, they collect other credential information and exploit vulnerabilities to gain additional access. Often, an attacker will take control of several system points and hold credentials to regain access in case they are discovered. Lateral movement security challenges According to research by Smokescreen, 80% of the time spent on an attack is for lateral movement. Traversing a network takes time and attackers do not initially know where their target data is stored so they must spend significant time locating it. Identifying attackers during lateral movement can help you negate an attack. At a minimum, you should be able to reduce the amount of damage done. However, catching attackers can be challenging since it requires effective behavior analysis to identify the abuse of credentials. This typically requires a combination of log analysis, system information and event management (SIEM) solutions, and machine learning. Common Lateral Movement Techniques in 2019 and Beyond There are many variations to lateral movement attacks but all use the same basic strategy. An attacker gains access to vulnerable assets and then seeks ways to increase their privileges, gaining access to more valuable resources. This can be achieved with a variety of techniques, the most common of which are introduced below. Token Stealing Token stealing involves extracting credential information from system memory. This can be accomplished with tools such as mimikatz and Windows Credential Editor. Using these tools, attackers can locate a service account and generate Kerberos tickets which they can use to elevate their privileges. Kerberos is an authentication protocol used to authenticate users in a non-secure network. Stolen Credentials Using stolen credentials is the most common way attackers enter and traverse a system. Compromised credentials enable an attacker to move through a system without detection by traditional tools. This is because attackers are using the system “as intended” and credentials pass authentication. Frequently, attackers gain credentials that have been leaked but continue to be used. These credentials are often originally stolen through social engineering, phishing, or brute-force, and then sold on dark web exchanges. Logon Scripts Whenever a user logs into a Windows system, a logon script is run. These scripts can perform admin functions, execute programs, and send information to servers. This range of utility makes such scripts a prime target and tool for attackers. If attackers can modify these scripts, they can expand their access and create persistent access points. Windows Admin Shares Admin shares contain information on which users have administrative privileges in a system. When an attacker is trying to determine which credentials are useful, they try to access these shares to determine that information. To access shares, attackers must first gain credentials with permissions for remote management systems through C$ or ADMIN$. C$ provides access to the system’s C:\ drive while Admin$ provides access to the OS. As attackers gain credentials, they typically check to see if credentials they’ve collected have access to these shares. Attackers can use Powershell attacks to avoid traditional antivirus technologies. These attacks take advantage of tools built into Windows, bypassing security under the cover of legitimate system processes. With Powershell, attackers can run malicious scripts, steal in-memory credentials, automate movement between devices, and modify system configurations. PSexec is a utility that system administrators can use to remotely control and execute commands in Windows from the command line. Like Powershell, it can enable attackers to hide under the cover of privileged processes to avoid detection. In many lateral movement attacks, an attacker will begin immediately trying to gain access to utilities such as PSexec. Mobile Lateral Movement Mobile systems are just as vulnerable to lateral attack techniques as traditional systems although the methods used may differ. The two most common methods used against mobile systems are: • Attacking a PC via USB connection—mobile devices are used to impersonate a USB device, granting access when plugged into a system endpoint. This technique is often used with Android devices but has not been seen with iOS devices. • Exploit enterprise resources—attackers use mobile device connections to network resources to infiltrate a system. DressCode is an example of malware used to implement this technique. With it, attackers can create a “general purpose tunnel” into a network. Lateral movement is a stealth attack used to thoroughly investigate your network for exploits. The popularity of this type of cyberattack is possibly due to its high returns. Lateral movement can be achieved independently, but it’s often the result of organized APT attempts. There’s no one proven method of defending against lateral movement. Rather, to ensure protection you should continuously monitor your network and enforce cybersecurity practices throughout all privilege levels. Shifting security to the left can also help, as well as educating your users on proper cybersecurity policies. If you are working with a cybersecurity company, make sure they are aware of your policies and standards. The network is a collaborative ecosystem that should be protected by all of its users. Discussion (0)
Why is nutrition important? The answer is that all living beings need nutrition to survive. You need adequate nutrition to stay healthy. If you answer this question why is nutrition important by the way people eat today, you would think it’s not very important. Have you ever noticed that people ate in different restaurants, some people think it’s their last meal as they attack the food. Maybe they think that if I eat a lot of food, I will have all the nutrition whose body needs. Yeah, of course. Have you noticed what types of foods their consumption? My wife and I went to a buffet style restaurant the other day and I noticed that the food section that remained a lot of food was the section of vegetables and salads; The fried and beef chicken section was constantly short of food. As they eat everything that feed me, they do not think why is nutrition important for me? Perhaps by defining the nutrition we can discover why is nutrition important for everyone. In the dictionary, it defines nutrition as “the act or infant process or to be fed.” Are we feeding our body by aligning it? In the encyclopedia, it indicates “for good nutrition, a person should eat a well-balanced diet, that is, a sufficient amount of each of the nutrient classes every day, at the same time an adequate number but not excessive calories for the energy needs of the body. “ Would not it be great if every time we eat something, there would be a certain type of voice or indicator indicating the benefits or warnings of what we come from eating or drinking. For example, “Johnny, you have just eaten fried chicken, from this chicken that you get protein, but you get a lot of fat that your body does not need! If it were, maybe the people would think twice what they eat. In addition to food consumption, do we have enough nutrition of the good foods we eat? The answer is not because the nutrients in our soil have been exhausted. The food we consumed 50 years ago are not the same foods we eat today. So what do we do to get the good nutrition that our body needs? The only way I know of getting the appropriate nutrition that our body needs nutrition supplementation. To be healthy or staying healthy, it is essential to take a nutrition supplementation. Have you ever been to a health food store for supplements? Do you feel beyond all choices? And you do not have an index that take! Would not it be great to have everything that became for you? Better still, HAV Comments are closed.
Question: What Is Theory In Counselling? What is the concept of counseling? term counseling is defined as a therapy, in which a person (client) discusses freely. about his/her problems and share feelings, with the counselor, who advises or helps. the client in dealing with the problems.. What are the two types of Counselling? Here are some of the most common types of counselors:Marriage and family counseling.Guidance and career counseling.Rehabilitation counseling.Mental health counseling.Substance abuse counseling.Educational Counseling. What is the purpose of Counselling? What is the difference between theory and therapy? I think of psychological theory as encompassing the ideas that attempt to explain how the mind works. A model is an attempt to synthesise a subset of these ideas in order to make sense of something with a view to applying it in practice. And therapy is a way of applying the model in practice. What are the 3 types of therapy? What are Behavioural theories? What are the qualities of good Counsellor? To be a good counselor you must possess the following qualities:Patience: You need to be very patient. … Good Listening: You need to be a good listener. … Observant: … Warm: … Knowledgeable: … Having empathy with the patient/client: … Maintaining a therapeutic relationship with a patient: … Confidentiality:More items… What are the theories of counseling? Fortunately, almost all of the many individual theoretical models of counseling fall into one or more of six major theoretical categories: humanistic, cognitive, behavioral, psychoanalytic, constructionist and systemic. How do I choose a counseling theory? Choose Your Orientation by Practice Choose a theoretical orientation based on how comfortable and effective it is for you in practice. Explore the boundaries of what you understand and enjoy about using a theoretical framework beyond the textbook. In therapy, words on a page are much easier read than realized. What are the three theories of Counselling? Perhaps the three main approaches are psychodynamic, humanistic and behavioural. Each of these has a different theory and ideas underpinning it, and the therapists and counsellors using each will approach problems and issues in different ways. These three main approaches each support a number of individual therapies. Is a psychologist better than a counselor? Is CBT a theory? What are the five stages of counseling? What are the goals of counseling? The five most common goals of counseling include: Facilitating behavioral change. Helping improve the client’s ability to both establish and maintain relationships. Helping enhance the client’s effectiveness and their ability to cope. Why is a theory important? What are the purposes of theory? Who needs Counselling? Common concerns addressed in counselingAdjustment / Transition to / from College.Alcohol / Other Drugs.Anger Management.Anxiety / Stress.Behavioral / Mood Changes (Depression)Eating Concerns / Self-Esteem / Body Image.Grief and Loss.Gender Identity.More items… Why is theory so important in Counselling? Theories help counselors understand the dynamics of human behavior and choose therapeutic approaches appropriate to specific clients and situations. Psychological theories come alive in the counselor’s mind if they are seen as extensions of life experiences of various theorists. What are the tools of counseling? Counselling Tools & TechniquesThe counselling relationship. The most fundamental aspect of any counselling is the relationship between the counsellor and the client. … Talking therapy. … Working with emotion. … Positive counselling. … Changing state. … Induction techniques. … Focusing. … The use of imagination.More items… What are the components of Counselling? How many counseling theories are there?
Your question: What were some of India’s contributions to science? What are the contribution of India in science? In the past seven decades, India has built satellites and sent probes to the moon and Mars, established nuclear power stations, acquired nuclear weapon capability and demonstrated firepower in the form of a range of missiles. Undoubtedly these are all fabulous achievements of Indian scientists and technologists. What are India’s greatest contribution to science? Smelting of Zinc What are the early contributions to science by the Indians? Five of India’s contributions to science • Atomism. The earliest mention of the concept of the atom dates back to India. … • Zero. Zero was recognized as a number and not merely a symbol of separation amongst all other numbers in India. … • Trigonometric functions. … • Modern decimal system. … • Chandrasekhar Limit. IT IS INTERESTING: What did many in the Office of Indian Affairs want most? What are India’s contributions to science during the Gupta period? Some of India’s contributions to science during the Gupta period were in increased knowledge of astronomy, discovering and proving the Earth’s foundational layout of the Earth being round, rather than flat. Indian mathematics became the most advanced in the world during this time period. What is the contribution of India? 1. India gave the world its first university – Takshashila University. As early as 700 B.C., there existed a giant University at Takshashila, located in the northwest region of India. It had 300 lecture halls, laboratories, a library and a towering observatory for astronomical research. Who named country India? Who is the No 1 scientist in India? List of Indian scientists Name Field Most noted award/fellowship Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (C.V Raman) Physics Nobel Prize in Physics Srinivasa Ramanujan Mathematics Fellow of the Royal Society Satyendra Nath Bose Mathematics, physics M. S. Swaminathan Genetics Who named science? Who is the 1st scientist of India? Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman FRS (/ˈrɑːmən/; 7 November 1888 – 21 November 1970) was an Indian physicist known for his work in the field of light scattering. C. V. Raman. Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman Kt Scientific career Fields Physics How did India contribute to science and technology? reason for the development of human civilization. India has been contributing to the fields of science and technology since ancient times. Even today, what we term as ‘traditional knowledge’ is actually based on scientific reasoning. natural air conditioning, complex stone work and construction engineering. What is the role of science and technology in Indian history? Modern India has had a strong focus on science and technology, realising that it is a key element for economic growth. … India is likely to take a leading role in launching satellites for the SAARC nations, generating revenue by offering its space facilities for use to other countries. What is the new invention in India? 1. GREEN LIVING – STREETS MADE OF PLASTIC. Like many countries, India grapples with an excess of plastic waste. Chemistry professor Rajagopalan Vasudevan devised a way to transform common plastic litter into a substitute for bitumen — the main ingredient in asphalt used for road construction. My indian life
The most basic wine knowledge involves an understanding of a very limited set of what are called Noble Grapes or International Varietals. These are the grapes that make the dominant proportion of fine wines around the world. This is partially because these grapes are hardy enough to grow in most wine climates and they happen to make some pretty excellent juice. Now, this set of 7 grapes is just scratching the surface of grapes used to make great wine. We could easily add another dozen popular grapes. Even at 20 grapes, realize that Italy alone has over 1000 indigenous grapes that are used to make wine, so it depends how far you want to extend your knowledge. For now, it’s going to be 7 grapes. The Seven Noble Grapes are: • Chardonnay • Sauvignon Blanc • Riesling • Cabernet Sauvignon • Pinot Noir • Merlot • Syrah You’ve probably had wine made from each of these grapes and they exist in almost every significant wine growing country. What changes in a Chardonnay from France when compared to one from Napa? Well, it’s the growing conditions and the impact of the climate and the terroir (or the local expression of the earth). It can be great fun to try two bottles of exactly the same grape, but grown in different parts of the world to see the impact. This is one of the techniques Sommeliers use when blind tasting to determine where a grape was grown. Let’s dig into each grape a bit more. Thin skinned grape, makes for relatively light wine. Nicely aromatic when grown in a warm climate, more austere when grown in a cool climate (like France) You’ll find Chardonnay based wine from France (Chablis, Champagne, Burgundy), South America, Australia and California (Sonoma, Napa) Sauvignon Blanc Thin skinned grape with intense aromatics. The most distinct aromas are gooseberries and cut grass. It is grown in France (Loire, Bordeaux), New Zealand, California, Italy, Chile and South Africa Intensely aromatic grape that has a lot of skin influence due to the small clusters. We find Rieslings in Germany, France (Alsace), Italy, Austria, Australia, New York State and Canada. Many times, it is made into sweeter versions (although not always) by harvesting late in the season. Cabernet Sauvignon Thick skinned grapes, making an opaque wine. Intense flavors from the grapes and the typical oak aging. You’ll find Cabernet Sauvignon in France (Bordeaux), Napa, Washington, Australia, Italy, Spain, South Africa and Chile. Pinot Noir Thin skinned grape makes for lightly colored wines. Has delicate flavors of non-fruit elements. You’ll find this difficult to grow grape in France (Burgundy, Champagne), Oregon, California, New Zealand and Chile. Thick skinned grape, producing a deeply colored wine. Can be used alone or as a blending element with Cabernet Sauvignon, where it adds a softening and suppleness to the wine. It is most popular in France (Bordeaux), Italy, California, Washington, Australia, South Africa and Chile. Thick skinned grape, making intensely colored wines. Syrah or Shiraz (as they call it in Australia) has a range of expressions from elegant and refined with lots of non-fruit notes to fruit bombs with high alcohol. We find Syrah in France (Northern Rhone), Australia, California (Paso Robles) and Washington State. So, if you want to get a start on your wine knowledge, taste your way through these seven grapes form a variety of locations. You’ll probably find something new you like and get a better appreciation of the versatility of these amazing grapes. Email this to someone Share on Facebook Tweet about this on Twitter Share on LinkedIn If you like it, share it..
NASA: Mars rover rocks reveal ‘probably liveable sustained surroundings’ NASA’s Perseverance rover collected its first two Martian rock cores from “Rochette,” the rock close to the middle of the picture. This story is a part of Welcome to Mars, our collection exploring the pink planet. NASA had excessive hopes for Mars’ Jezero Crater and what it might inform us in regards to the potential for previous life on the pink planet. The Perseverance rover’s first rock core samples from this now-dry lakebed are giving scientists loads of purpose to get excited. “It seems to be like our first rocks reveal a probably liveable sustained surroundings,” Perseverance challenge scientist Ken Farley of Caltech stated in a NASA assertion on Friday. “It’s a giant deal that the water was there a very long time.” Researchers have been investigating simply how lengthy water had lingered on the lakebed. If groundwater was current for lengthy stretches, it might have been conducive to microbial life. From the lab to your inbox. Get the most recent science tales from CNET each week. After its first pattern assortment try crumbled, Perseverance triumphed by efficiently drilling and stashing its first core pattern from a special rock nicknamed “Rochette.” It then adopted that up with a second pattern. Analysis exhibits Rochette seems to be volcanic in origin.NASA has noticed different probably liveable historical areas on Mars, however the prospect of bringing a chunk of certainly one of these again to Earth is among the main developments of the Perseverance mission. The samples might find yourself on Earth as quickly because the early 2030s. NASA is engaged on an formidable sample-return mission. A more in-depth examine below lab situations on our planet might give scientists tons of details about the crater’s historical past. The Perseverance workforce noticed salts inside Rochette that seemingly shaped as water evaporated. “The salt minerals in these first two rock cores might also have trapped tiny bubbles of historical Martian water,” NASA stated. “If current, they might function microscopic time capsules, providing clues in regards to the historical local weather and habitability of Mars.” NASA’s latest rover is searching for indicators of historical microbial life on the pink planet. These preliminary outcomes from its rock research are an encouraging signal the Jezero Crater is the proper place to discover to assist reply the massive query: Was there ever life on Mars?
Recognizing Fingerprints HKUST CSIT5401 Recognition System lecture notes 4. 识别系统复习笔记。 Fingerprint image acquisition systems Fingerprint matching (recognition) is the most popular biometric technique used in automatic personal identification. The main reason for the popularity of fingerprints as a form of identification is that the fingerprint of a person is unique and remains invariant with his or her age. There are three kinds of sensing devices typically: optical sensors, solid-state sensors and ultrasound sensors. Optical sensors The finger touches the top side of a glass prism. The left side of the prism is illustrated through a diffused light. The light entering the prism is reflected at the valleys, and absorbed at the ridges. The lack of reflection allows the ridges to be discriminated from the valleys. The light rays exit from the right side of the prism and are focused through a lens onto an image sensor. Solid-state sensors All silicon-based sensors consist of an array of pixels, each pixel being a tiny sensor itself. The user directly touches the surface of the silicon. The physical information is converted into electrical signals by using the capacitive sensor (other kinds of sensor can also be used, e.g., thermal, electric field and piezoelectric). The capacitive sensor is a 2D array of micro-capacitor plates embedded in a chip. The other plate of each micro-capacitor is the finger skin itself. Small electrical charges are created between the surface of the finger and each of the silicon plates when a finger is placed on the chip. The magnitude of these electrical charges depends on the distance between the fingerprint surface and the capacitance plates. Ultrasound sensors An ultrasound sensor is based on sending acoustic signals toward the fingertip and capturing the echo signal. The echo signal is used to compute the range image of the fingerprint and, subsequently, the ridge structure itself. An automatic fingerprint identification system (AFIS) consists of various processing stages. In AFIS, the high-level structural features (ridges and valleys) are extracted from the fingerprint image for the purpose of representation and matching. The ridges and valleys in a fingerprint alternate, flowing in a local constant direction. The ridges (or the valleys) exhibit anomalies of various kinds, such as ridge bifurcations, ridge endings, short ridges, and ridge crossovers. These features are called minutiae. In a good quality rolled fingerprint image, there are about 70 to 80 minutia points and in a latent fingerprint the number of minutiae is much less (approximately 20 to 30 minutia points). Commercially available fingerprint identification systems typically use ridge bifurcations and ridge endings as features. • A ridge ending is defined as the point where a ridge ends abruptly. • A ridge bifurcation is defined as the point where a ridge diverges into branch ridges. A critical step in fingerprint matching is to automatically and reliably extract minutiae from the input fingerprint images, which is a difficult task. Fingerprint Enhancement Fingerprint images can be of very poor quality. An enhancement algorithm which can improve the clarity of the ridge structure is therefore necessary. The flowchart of the fingerprint enhancement algorithm is shown below. A gray-level fingerprint image $I$ is defined as an $N \times N$ matrix. At the $i$ th row and $j$ th column, the intensity of the pixel is $I(i, j)$. It is assumed that the fingerprint images are scanned at a resolution of 500 dots per inch (dpi), which is the resolution recommended by FBI. The mean and variance of a gray-level fingerprint image are defined as An input fingerprint image is normalized so that it has a pre-specified mean $M_0$ and variance $\text{VAR}_0$. The normalized image $G(i,j)$ is defined as \[ G(i,j)=\begin{cases} M_0+\sqrt{\frac{VAR_0(I(i,j)-M)^2}{VAR}} &\text{if }I(i,j)>M\\ M_0-\sqrt{\frac{VAR_0(I(i,j)-M)^2}{VAR}}&\text{otherwise}\\ \end{cases} \] Orientation Image Estimation The orientation image (field) is estimated from the normalized input fingerprint image. By viewing a fingerprint image as an oriented image, a least-mean-square orientation estimation algorithm is used to estimate the local orientation. The main steps are as follows. [1] Divide the normalized image $G$ into blocks of size $w \times w$. [2] For each block, compute the gradients $I_x$ and $I_y$ at each pixel $(i , j)$. [3] Estimate the local orientation of each block centered at pixel $(i, j)$ using the following equations. \[ \theta(i,j)=90^o+\frac{1}{2}\text{atan2}\left(\frac{V_1(i,j)}{V_2(i,j)}\right) \] where \[ V_1(i,j)=\sum_{u=i-\frac{w}2}^{i+\frac{w}2}\sum_{v=j-\frac{w}2}^{j+\frac{w}2}2I_x(u,v)I_y(i,v)\\ V_2(i,j)=\sum_{u=i-\frac{w}2}^{i+\frac{w}2}\sum_{v=j-\frac{w}2}^{j+\frac{w}2}(I_x(u,v)^2-I_y(u,v)^2)\\ -180^o≤\text{atan2}(x)≤180^o \] [4] Due to the presence of noise, corrupted ridge and valley structures, minutiae, etc. in the input image, the estimated local ridge orientation may not always be correct. The local orientation image can be smoothed by using the low-pass smoothing filter and the concept of continuous vector field. Ridge Frequency Estimation The gray levels along ridges and valleys can be modeled as a sinusoidal-shaped wave along a direction normal to the local ridge orientation. Let $G$ be the normalized image and $O$ be the orientation image (field). For estimating the ridge frequency $Ω$ image, • Step 1: divide $G$ into blocks of size $w \times w$. • Step 2: for each block centered at pixel $(i, j)$, compute an oriented window of size $w \times l$ that is defined in the ridge coordinate system $(k, d)$. • Step 3: for each block centered at pixel $(i, j)$, compute the x-signature, $X[0], X[1], ..., X[l-1]$, of the ridges and valleys within the oriented window, where \[ X[k]=\frac{1}w\sum_{d=0}^{w-1}G(u,v)\\ u=i+(d-\frac{w}2)\cos O(i,j)+(k+\frac{l}2)\sin O(i,j)\\ v=i+(d-\frac{w}2)\sin O(i,j)+(\frac{l}2-k)\cos O(i,j) \] The x-signature forms a discrete sinusoidal-shape wave, which has the same frequency as that of the ridges and valleys in the oriented window. Therefore, the frequency of ridges and valleys can be estimated from the x-signature. Let $T(i, j)$ be the average number of pixels between two consecutive peaks in the x-signature, then the ridge frequency $Ω(i, j)$ is computed as \[ \Omega(i,j)=\frac{1}{T(i,j)} \] Region mask estimation A pixel (or a block) in an input fingerprint image can be either in a recoverable region or an unrecoverable region. Classification of pixels into recoverable and unrecoverable categories can be performed based on the assessment of the shape of the wave formed by the local ridges and valleys. Three features are used to characterize the sinusoidal-shaped wave: amplitude, frequency, and variance. Typical fingerprint images where both recoverable and unrecoverable regions were manually labeled can be selected for region mask estimation. The above three features can be computed for each image. Using the k-NN and clustering algorithms, each $w \times w$ block in an input fingerprint image can be classified into a recoverable or an unrecoverable block. Gabor Filter* The configurations of parallel ridges and valleys with well-defined frequency and orientation in a fingerprint image provide useful information which helps in removing undesired noise. A special (bandpass) filter, namely Gabor filter, that is tuned to the corresponding frequency and orientation can efficiently remove the undesired noise and preserve the true ridge and valley structures. Gabor filters have both frequency-selective and orientation-selective properties and are used for removing noise and preserving true ridge or valley structures. The even-symmetric Gabor filter has the following general form: The frequency of the filter $f$ is completely determined by the local ridge frequency and the Gabor filter orientation is determined by the local ridge orientation. The ridge pixels are assigned a value '1' (white) and the remaining pixels are assigned a value '0' (black) in the resulting binary ridge image. Once the ridges are located, directional smoothing is applied to smooth the ridges. A 3×7 mask is placed along the orientation field for each window. The mask containing all '1's enables us to count the number of '1's in the mask area.If the count of '1's is more than 25% of the total number of pixels, the ridge point is retained. Extracting minutiae Locating minutia points in the thinned image is relatively easy. A count of the number of 'on' neighbors at a point of interest in a $3\times 3$ window is sufficient for this purpose. • A ridge end point has only neighbor in the window. • A ridge bifurcation has at least three neighbors. Some post-processing can be performed to further improve detection quality. Fingerprint Matching Matching a query fingerprint and a database fingerprint is equivalent to matching their minutia sets. Each database fingerprint minutia, $p$, is examined to determine whether there is a corresponding query fingerprint minutia, $q$. There are three steps. 1. Registration 2. Minutia paring 3. Matching score computation Registration via Hough Transform The input to the registration algorithm consists of two sets of minutia points $P$ and $Q$. $\|P\|$ and $\|Q\|$ represent the sizes of point sets $P$ and $Q$ respectively. \[ P=\{(p_x^1,p_y^1,\alpha^1),...,(p_x^{\|P\|},p_y^{\|P\|},\alpha^{\|P\|})\}\\ Q=\{(q_x^1,q_y^1,\beta^1),...,(q_x^{\|Q\|},q_y^{\|Q\|},\beta^{\|Q\|})\} \] Each minutia has three components: x-coordinate, y-coordinate and orientation of the minutia. Each minutia in $P$ is rotated, scaled and translated for matching against a minutia in $Q$. The usual Hough transform for line detection can be generalized for point matching. The transform has maximum value of $A$ means that it can match as much points as possible. Minutia pairing and score computation After minutia registration, the minutiae need to be paired. Two minutiae are said to be paired or matched if their components $(x, y,θ)$ are equal with some tolerance after registration. The matching algorithm is based on finding the number of paired minutiae between each database fingerprint and the query fingerprint. In order to reduce the amount of computation, the matching algorithm takes into account only those minutiae that fall within a common bounding box. The common bounding box is the intersection of the bounding box for query and reference (database) fingerprints. Once the count of matching minutiae is obtained, a matching score is computed. The matching score is used for deciding the degree of match. Finally, a set of top ten scoring reference fingerprints is obtained as a result of matching. FingerCode is a new representation for the fingerprints which yields a relatively short, fixed length code suitable for matching as well as storage on a smartcard. The matching reduces to finding the Euclidean distance between these FingerCodes and hence the matching is very fast and the representation is amenable to indexing. The FingerCode partitions the region of interest of the given fingerprint image with respect to a reference point. A feature vector is composed of an ordered enumeration of features extracted from the information contained in each sector specified by the tessellation. The feature elements capture the local information by using the Gabor filterbank. The ordered enumeration of the tessellation captures the invariant global relationships among the local patterns. These features capture both the global pattern of ridges and valleys and the local characteristics. Matching is based on the Euclidean distance between the FingerCodes. There are four steps for extracting the FingerCode. 1. Determining the reference point for the fingerprint image. 2. Partitioning the region around the reference point. 3. Filtering the region of interest in eight different directions using a bank of Gabor filters. 4. Computing the average absolute deviation (AAD) from the mean of gray values in individual sectors in filtered images to define the FingerCode (the feature vector) for matching. Determining the reference point Given an input fingerprint image, there are seven steps for finding the reference point. 1. Estimate the orientation field $O$ using a window size of $w\times w$. 2. Smooth the orientation field. 3. Compute the sine component $E$ of the orientation field $O$. \[ E(i,j)=\sin O(i,j) \] 4. Initialize $A$, a label image used to indicate the reference point. 5. For each pixel $E(i, j)$, integrate pixel intensities in regions $R_I$ and $R_{II}$, and assign the corresponding pixels in $A$ according to the value of their difference. \[ A(i,j)=\sum_{R_I}E(i,j)-\sum_{R_{II}}E(i,j) \] 6. Find the maximum value in $A$ and assign its coordinate to the reference point. 7. Repeat steps 1-6 by using a window size $w'\times w'$, where $w' < w$, and restrict the search for the reference point in step 6 in a local neighborhood of the detected reference point. The geometry of regions $R_I$ and $R_{II}$ is designed to capture the maximum curvature in concave ridges. Partitioning the region around the reference point Given the detected reference point, the input fingerprint image is partitioned into 80 sectors. Filtering the region of interest A minutia point can be viewed as an anomaly in locally parallel ridges and it is the information that is captured by using the Gabor filters. Before filtering the fingerprint image, image normalization is performed separately for each sector with $M_0$ and $VAR_0$. An even symmetric Gabor filter is given the Gabor filer setction. The filter frequency $f$ can be set to the average ridge frequency. The average ridge frequency is the reciprocal of the average inter-ridge distance, which is around 10 pixels in a 500 dpi fingerprint image. Eight different values ($0^o$, $22.5^o$, $45^o$, $67.5^o$, $90^o$, $112.5^o$, $135^o$ and $157.5^o$) are used for the direction θ with respect to the x-axis. A fingerprint convolved with a $0^o$-oriented filter accentuates those ridges which are parallel to the x-axis and smoothes the ridges in the other directions. These eight directional-sensitive filters capture most of the global ridge directionality information as well as the local ridge characteristics present in a fingerprint. Compute AAD Let $F_{iθ}(x, y)$ be the θ-direction filtered image for sector $S_i$. The feature value $V_{iθ}$ is the average absolute deviation (AAD) from the mean which is defined as \[ V_{i\theta}=\frac{1}{n_i}\sum_{(x,y)\in S_i}\|F_{i\theta}(x,y)-P_{i\theta}\| \] where $P_{i\theta}=\frac{1}{n_i}\sum_{(x,y)\in S_i}F_{i\theta}(x,y)$; $n_i$ is the number of pixels in $S_i$. The average absolute deviation of each sector in each of the eight filtered images defines the components of the feature vector. Fingerprint matching is based on finding the Euclidean distance between the corresponding FingerCodes. Powered by Hexo and Theme by Hacker © 2019 NIUHE
Realism (1848–1900) Published Categorized as Realism What is Realism and Realism Art? Many people have said that realism is not art, but it could very well be the opposite. Realism art is a form of artwork that is based on reality but has artistic elements. An excellent example of this would be paintings based on architecture, such as pictures of churches or cathedrals. These paintings are often displayed in museums and galleries where they are, in actuality, very realistic looking because the colors used and the basic architectural features are correct. Most museums don’t allow paintings that are more than about 500 years old to be viewed. While a painting might seem like it was made in the late 1800s, it was made in the early 1500s, so it is considered contemporary realism art. This type of art can be prevalent because many people enjoy taking the time to get something of their own. Realism and Realism Art Reviews Realism art, sometimes known as naturalism, is the attempt to depict subject matter in such a way as to convey subject matter accurately, without artistic or other artificiality, and without the use of fictional elements or supernatural characters. Artistic representations of the real world are made in such a way as to provide insight and meaning to the viewer. The term realism has been used for a long time in the art world. There are many definitions of realism, including a subjective one, an objective one, usually associated with art history. There is a universal definition that applies across all artistic mediums. Realism is the art of creating meaningful visual communication with the viewer, to make the viewer feel a certain way or evoke a particular emotion. Realism has no boundaries. It is not just applied to art. The concepts apply to all forms of art. It is also the principle underlying the interpretation and appreciation of art. Art is a way of capturing reality. This type of art takes many forms. The most popular form is a fine art painting. There is also more abstract art than realistic art, especially the type known as Pop Art. Art is an expression of a person’s inner experience. The Development of Reality Art Realism art was first identified as a distinct type of art in the 1950s. The term “realism” was derived from the term “art realistic.” According to art historians, the term “art realistic” was used in the 1920s by artists such as Pablo Picasso and Salvador Dali. Artists such as Gainsborough and Le Corbusier also popularized the concept. The idea of realism was used to describe modern art, which combined aspects of art with reality. Realism has come a long way since its inception. In the past decade, several new movements have attempted to take further than ever. For example, contemporary art, such as that found in galleries and museums, is now widely recognized for its ability to portray reality and not just an artistic illusion. The works of contemporary art can be considered realism art because they display human emotions and ideas on a limited scale, rather than representing a large scene that can only be seen in full view of the viewer. Another popular movement in realism is pop art. Pop art, or more popularly referred to as pop culture art, was created by British artist Andy Warhol. Warhol was inspired by images from popular cultures, such as advertisements and pop culture icons. And is often thought of as a precursor of modern art. Some artists have used the art of realism to create a different kind of art. People have used this form of art to create abstract art. People who use this art to create abstract art, such as abstract art, generally use colors, shapes, and patterns to create a certain meaning without necessarily portraying an exact representation of reality. Some artists have even used the technique to create art that was considered “pseudo-realistic.” An example of this is Frank Stella’s The Black Dog. This art piece is known as “pseudorealism,” which means that it is created to look like it is “real” but is not. Finally, While many people have a negative view of realism art, it is something that many people enjoy. If you are interested in painting or drawing in a different style from the norm, you should take a look at realism art. This type of art is a great way to get into painting in a different style than the other artists out there. Categorized as Realism
How to become a probation officer HomeCriminal justiceProbation officer What is a probation officer? Probation is given by a judge for a fixed amount of time to someone convicted of a crime in lieu of jail time. The main duties of a probation officer is to ensure that the individual on probation stays in good standing and does not violate any conditions that have been set by the judge. Some of these conditions might be weekly drug tests, home visits by probation officers, obtaining a job within a specific time period, DNA collection, and attending group meetings. Being a probation officer can be a very fulfilling job because these individuals aid in the rehabilitation of offenders and can potentially transform their lives for the better. Although it is the judge who sets the conditions of probation, probation officers are tasked with designing a plan to execute the best possible outcome for a probationer. The role of a probation officer On a day to day basis, probation officers are tasked with maintaining and updating case records on current offenders they are working with, as well as preparing new case files for those incoming offenders. They may schedule random drug tests to ensure the offender is complying with their given conditions, collect DNA samples, or arrange interviews for job openings for offenders. In addition, they can call for in-person meetings with offenders to discuss current issues and strategies to reduce the risk of recidivism. Onboarding of new probationers may include an interview process with friends and family to provide more insight on the offender, looking at the offender’s previous criminal history (if any), and developing the best course of action to rehabilitate the offender. For example, after looking through a new probationer’s criminal history, a probation officer may notice that there is a history of domestic violence and drug abuse. They may then recommend anger management classes and a drug abuse clinic to address these behaviors. The probation officer can require proof that the individual is attending these courses, including checking with the establishment or agency to ensure the meetings are being attended and the requirements are being met. Monitoring the progress of offenders and keeping track of their requirements can maximize the chance of a successful probation period. Should the offender not keep up with the conditions of their probation— for example receiving a positive drug test or not checking in with their probation officer— it is the officer’s duty to report this negative behavior to the court. Probation violations can result in fines, more probation time, and even jail time. Probation is an alternative to jail time, but if an offender cannot cooperate and follow their conditions, probation can be revoked, and jail time can be given. The last thing a probation officer wants to do is report someone on their caseload as it is their job to make sure the individual doesn’t return to their old behaviors. Probation officers typically want to guide offenders to change and make better life decisions to avoid any additional run-ins with the law. Many juvenile offenders are given probation as a form of punishment for crimes they commit. The reason being based in the hope that this form of supervision can help avoid recidivism and becoming an adult offender. Probation can benefit youth offenders since they are not always fully aware of the consequences of their actions. Rather than sentence them to jail time, judges may order juvenile offenders to complete probation, which can have stipulations similar to a probationary period for an adult offender. In some cases, the juvenile offender may be ordered to continue their schooling, whether that be middle school or high school. A probation officer may then work with the school to ensure that education requirements are being met, such as maintaining a specific grade point average, completing projects, and participating in after school activities. Probation is intended to keep offenders out of jail and giving juveniles a chance to reevaluate their decisions and change their mindset can be an effective tool to keep them out of jail. What type of people become probation officers? Being a probation officer takes a special kind of person. This type of job does not come easy, and requires schooling, certifications, and training. You may be required to work long hours, including weekends. You may even be on call for certain situations, at all hours of the night. Although demanding, it is an extremely rewarding profession. In this role, you are tasked with turning offenders into law abiding citizens who have a new outlook on life and a better grasp on their decision-making skills. You can have a meaningful impact on someone and gain a sense of achievement knowing you did everything possible to help them become a better version of themselves. However, not all cases end in a victory. The decision to change is ultimately up to the offender, and regardless of the amount of time and work a probation officer puts into a case, it may not turn out as planned. As such, this career can suit someone who does not dwell too hard on the losses, and is able to retain a positive outlook. Skills needed to become a probation officer Being a probation officer requires a strong set of skills in the following areas: • written and verbal communication • problem solving • collaboration • relationship building • planning Probation officers work one-on-one with offenders making it crucial that they can clearly communicate their responsibilities and the conditions of the probation. Because the individuals on probation may not always be willing to listen, being able to build a relationship with them and gain their trust is important. Hence, someone with a background in social work, psychology or counseling may thrive in this occupation. When the offender is able to trust the probation officer, it is more likely that they will listen and abide by the rules. Becoming a probation officer is a great way to join the law enforcement field, while simultaneously taking on a role akin to social work. Like a typical law enforcement career, you must be stern and rigid enough to handle the job, accept the risks that come with it, and be prepared for the unexpected. A good probation officer can elect to dive deeper into the factors that contributed to the offender resorting to crime. They can analyze the environmental, social and emotional factors that were present, and with this awareness determine the best plan of action for the probationer. Probation versus parole The difference between probation and parole confuses many people. Probation is as an alternative to jail time, where an offender is under court supervision and must adhere to the conditions of their probation. Parole is granted when an offender has completed their jail time, or is conditionally released from jail after successfully appealing to parole board. Although probation and parole officers have similar roles and duties, there are some important differences. pencil-alt Similarities Both probation and parole officers work with offenders to help them reestablish their lives in the community after they have been convicted of after committing criminal offenses. Both occupations work within the criminal justice system and typically require a minimum of a bachelor’s degree in a related field such as social work, psychology or criminal justice. They also require specific certifications, training and experience in field work. Both probation and parole officers are tasked with making sure that the offenders do not violate the terms and conditions of their parole or probation. The typical salary of the both occupations does not differ significantly. The base salary for a probation officer or a parole officer is approximately $44,000. Due to the fact that crime is a constant with a stream of criminals continually entering and being released from jail, probation and parole officers are equally in demand. The estimated job outlook for both occupations is 4%, which is the median outlook for any occupation. puzzle Differences The occupations can be differentiated due to discrepancies in their client groups. Probation officers work with individuals who are not incarcerated, and parole officers work with individuals who have served time in jail. People who have been incarcerated may have increased needs – and their crimes are typically more serious than the crimes committed by individuals who were granted probation. Moreover, being imprisoned can have a serious mental and emotional impact on an offender, resulting in issues with communication related to their ability to listen and follow instructions. How to become a probation officer Probation officers generally work for the state or federal government and often require a minimum of a bachelor’s degree. Prospective probation officers undergo an evaluation to check that they meet the specific requirements of the position. Requirements may differ according to the state or agency. As the main responsibility of a probation officer is to help their clients effectively reenter society, a clear understanding of the criminal justice system is a prerequisite which can be met with a relevant bachelor’s degree. Degrees vary although the most relevant for this line of work are in behavioral science, criminal justice, social work, psychology, and criminal law. For instance, a bachelor’s degree in criminal justice can provide a prospective probation officer with the ability to identify and explain criminal behavior patterns. This degree can also teach research methods for criminology and the psychology behind criminal behavior. After the completion of a bachelor’s degree, some states may require an applicant to gain general work experience before they are able to enter the field, either as an intern or a specified number of hours working in a related area. Before being able to sit the certification test, a few more steps must be taken. Probation officers must by U.S. citizens, no older than 37 at the time of submitting the application, and of decent moral character — that is, you cannot be a convicted felon. After these requirements are checked, the next step is to pass a written test. In general, the test for certification for a probation officer is comprised of the following 3 sections: • written communications • reading comprehension • probation concepts Applicants can look at older tests and online study guides to prepare for the official test. Most states also require that applicants also pass a psychological test and a physical exam. Following these assessments, a mandatory background and criminal check will be implemented to ensure a clean record and absence of prior convicted felonies. As last step, a drug screening is conducted. Probation officers who work primarily with juveniles need to earn several professional or safety-related certifications. These certifications supplement the traditional training required to be a probation officer. Along with these certifications, most states also stipulate that juvenile probation officers hold and maintain first aid and CPR certifications. For probation officers looking to advance their career further into a supervisory role, earning a master’s degree in criminal justice or a related field can take you towards this goal. Along with a supervisory role, the promotion is generally accompanied with a wage increase. A graduate degree can further expand your knowledge and understanding of many aspects the criminal justice field. With a better understanding of theories behind criminology, policing, corrections, judicial studies, and policy analysis, you can be well prepared for an expanded role as a probation officer. Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists salary information by state Real salary future outlook tooltip icon The nominal salary is the unadjusted salary paid. future outlook tooltip icon Highest salary states Average salary Average salary Rhode Island Average salary New Jersey Average salary New York Average salary Average salary Average salary Future outlook future outlook tooltip icon Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists total employment Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists annual openings future outlook tooltip icon Estimated increase in Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists jobs (2018-2028) future outlook tooltip icon Neutral job growth future outlook tooltip icon <-10% = 3 ices Btwn -5 to -9.9% = 2 ices Between -5% to-.1% = 1 ice between 0- 5.5% = neutral Between 5.5%-10% = 1 fire Between 10-20% = 2 fire >20%=3 fires The fastest growth states New York Last five years employment and salary future outlook tooltip icon Average Wage Total employment 2016: $50,160 87,500 2017: $51,410 87,700 2018: $53,020 87,660 2019: $54,290 88,120 2020: $55,690 90,070 Going beyond your career as a probation officer Although a job as a probation officer can be a lifetime career, there exists many other career opportunities with similar requirements. One option is to become a law enforcement officer, a career that also deals with offenders and the criminal justice system. The benefit of this option is that becoming a police officer does not require a degree but comes with a similar salary. For some, the social work aspect of this career is the rewarding factor – making a career as a social worker, case manager, or even a counselor an appealing career option. These occupations can work closely with offenders to help understand their underlying issues. Social work is often considered as very fulfilling job since it comes with the opportunity to build a relationship with your clientele and have a meaningful influence on their lives. The average base salary for a social worker is around $48,811 per year. Yet another option, is to apply to law school and become an attorney. Probation officers work closely the court system and become familiar with the proceedings. Perhaps your goal is to become a defense attorney who helps offenders avoid jail time, or a judge who decides on sentencing. In going to law school, the possibility to work in the court system and advocate for alternative methods to discipline offenders is apparent. The average annual base salary for a lawyer is $86,401, with variations dependent on where you live, work, and your experience. Is this career for me? Becoming a probation officer is no easy task, but it can come with a wonderful sense of achievement. If you are interested in a career where you can help people to change their behavior and become better versions of themselves, a probation officer may be the job for you. There is ample room for growth through education, similar careers and experience. For individuals interested in law enforcement, sociology, and psychology - a career as a probation officer can be the perfect mix to match your interests.
Planet Earth Scientists Unsure Why Female Flies Expel Sperm and Eat It InkfishBy Elizabeth PrestonJun 30, 2015 11:05 AM Sign up for our email newsletter for the latest science news This month has accidentally taken on a theme of "animals putting things outside their bodies that we think should stay inside" (starfish tags, sea squirt stomachs). So this post, which first appeared in April 2013, seemed like the right one to wrap up with. She's apparently a picky mater but not a picky eater. The female of a certain fly species, after mating with a male, dumps his ejaculate back out of her body and onto the ground. Then she gobbles it up. Despite new hints that this behavior may help the female choose which partner fertilizes her eggs, or keep her healthy in times of famine, scientists are still a little perplexed by it. Various female insects, spiders, and birds are known to expel the male ejaculate from their bodies after the deed is done. In some cases, it seems to let them decide which male's sperm reaches their eggs. Females don't always choose who mates with them, but that doesn't mean they have no choice in their progeny's fatherhood. (This kind of female choosiness about sperm can lead to evolutionary arms races between males and females. The "copulatory plug" is a popular tool among male insects, spiders, reptiles, and even some mammals.) Eating the ejaculate, as Euxesta bilimeki does, is less popular. This fly lives on agave plants and mates pretty much all the time. "Females can be observed escaping male advances in chases that can last more than an hour," write Christian Luis Rodriguez-Enriquez and his coauthors from the Instituto de Ecología in Veracruz, Mexico. Using videocameras and careful meal planning, they tried to divine a reason for the female flies' behavior. Out of 74 females that the researchers recorded mating, every one expelled and ate the ejaculate afterward. The researchers then killed the females and pulled them apart with tweezers to look for sperm inside their various storage locations. They found that three-quarters of the females had kept some sperm from their male partner, while one-quarter had expelled it all. There was no obvious rule to which sperm the females kept. There were some patterns, though. For example, females that mated with larger males, then waited longer before expelling the sperm, were more likely to keep some. Since the female's behavior doesn't seem random—and since it's possible for her to keep no sperm at all—the authors think she may be choosing between mates after the fact. This could explain why the female expels the sperm, but not why she eats it. In another experiment, researchers fed female flies various diets and measured whether supplementing those diets with ejaculate made them healthier. When female flies were starved entirely, the extra snack did help them live longer—but under normal circumstances there was no difference. The authors report their results in Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. "Our study appears to have raised more questions than provided answers," the authors admit. They expected there would be some clear nutritional benefit to justify the females' tastes. Rodriguez-Enriquez and his coauthors speculate that the ejaculate-as-meal habit may have evolved as a "nuptial gift." This is an edible present that male insects sometimes give to females as part of their courtship. Usually it's nutritious—a nicely wrapped dead bug, say—but in some cases it's just an empty sac. The ejaculate may be, like these gifts, just an edible empty gesture. Image: Euxesta notata, a related species, by Katja Schulz (via Flickr) Rodriguez-Enriquez, C., Tadeo, E., & Rull, J. (2013). Elucidating the function of ejaculate expulsion and consumption after copulation by female Euxesta bilimeki Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology DOI: 10.1007/s00265-013-1518-5 1 free article left Already a subscriber? Register or Log In 1 free articleSubscribe Magazine Examples Want more? Keep reading for as low as $1.99! Already a subscriber? Register or Log In More From Discover Recommendations From Our Store Shop Now Stay Curious Our List Sign up for our weekly science updates. To The Magazine Copyright © 2021 Kalmbach Media Co.
family charging electric car How do electric vehicles work? We’ve been hearing about electric vehicles (EVs) for a while now and with the UK government banning the sale of all diesel and petrol cars by 2030, EVs need to be the ‘now’ rather than the future. But as far as a tipping point goes, we’re not there yet. The lowdown on EVs Our latest Future Energy Scenarios (FES 2021) says we’ll have up to 37.4 million electric vehicles on the road by 2050 – that’s when the UK aims to be net zero. Reducing the energy demand from transport is key to achieving these goals. So what’s the hold up? It could be down to consumer confidence. Price and ‘range anxiety’ are sited as concerns for potential EV buyers. To help you understand a bit more and bring you up-to-speed with the here and now, let’s take a look at some of the common questions around EVs. Are EVs much cleaner than a petrol or diesel alternatives? EVs are much more fuel efficient than petrol or diesel cars, so that’s a tick. They use a third less energy compared to traditional vehicles and don’t produce harmful CO2 emissions. It's true that producing an EV currently has higher carbon emissions but studies show that this is paid back relatively quickly. At around 16k to 19k miles, which is less than three years usage at the current average annual car mileage. Electric cars also have an important part to play in building a greener electricity system. As more of our electricity from renewable sources, the battery inside an electric car can be used to store this green energy, rather than letting it go to waste. New vehicle to grid technology can also see electric cars give electricity back to the grid in times of high demand, so that we don't have to turn on power plants that burn fossil fuels. Read more about this in our EVs and electricity explainer. EVs are only reliable for shorter distances aren’t they? One of the main concerns around EV ownership is what’s called ‘range anxiety’. Early electric cars couldn’t travel too far without needing to recharge, but the battery technology has evolved a lot since then. Some electric cars can now do well over 200 miles before needing to plug in. If you have to do more miles than that in a day, you will need to plan your journey to allow for recharging time. But this may take less than ½ hour – and the RAC and safety organisations advise that you should take a break anyway if driving for such a long period anyway. Most motorway service stations now have public charging points, so you should be able to find somewhere to top up along the way (while you grab a coffee). I can’t afford an EV, aren’t they really expensive? The initial cost of buying an electric car may be a little higher compared to buying a fossil fuelled car, however they can work out much cheaper over time. The cost of recharging the battery is lower than refuelling using petrol or diesel, and if you are smart about when you plug in, you can make the most of cheaper electricity. If you have solar panels at home to produce your own electricity, it's even cheaper and greener to top up your battery. The running costs of an electric car are lower too as the road tax is currently zero and the cars can need less repairs and servicing, because there are fewer mechanical parts to go wrong. How can I charge my EV when I don’t have a drive or parking space outside of my house? You don’t need to have a charging point installed in your house to own an electric car. The charging network is growing all the time and there may be lots of local options available to you. Some councils are adding charging points to lampposts, so your car could charge while it was parked on your street. Many more workplaces are including electric car charging points in their staff parking areas too. If you need further information, you can find out the locations of all your nearest charging points online, on websites such as Zap Map. You may be surprised how many charge points are in your locale. The battery doesn’t last long does it? Most manufacturers warranty the battery for 8 years so you have a level of comfort if you’re buying new, or leasing. It’s true that the battery for an electric car loses some of its capacity each year and this can put people off buying one. But most vehicle parts erode or age over time. If you’re buying a second-hand EV, the battery is something you’ll look to consider – as would other main parts you’d look into when making any vehicle purchase, EV, hybrid, petrol or diesel. How can I charge it when I’m out and about? The recharge network is flourishing, as sales of electric cars continue to rise. There are currently around 42,000 charge point connectors across the UK in over 15,500 locations. There are a few types of recharging stations to look out for - first there’s fast chargers. These take around four hours to fully recharge an electric car and are widely called ‘destination chargers’ as they are found in places where you would typically park for a longer period of time, such as at the supermarket or at a train station. Secondly there are rapid chargers, which can top an electric car’s battery up in 30 minutes. These are mainly installed at motorway service stations. But it will depend on what type of EV you own. And often, you won’t need to fully charge your car (just like you may not always put a whole tank of fuel in your vehicle), so an EV top-up of around 100 miles could be done in 20 minutes. Check online charging point maps to find details of your nearest fast or rapid chargers. EVs aren’t as nice to drive are they? Ask any electric car driver and they will tell you how much they enjoy driving their electric car! As they’re battery powered and don’t rely on mechanical parts, the power is instant when you accelerate and there are no gears to change, as they are all automatics. The lack of gears means that some people find them a more relaxed drive – you just need to worry about accelerating and braking. But an electric car might not be the right choice for everyone yet, such as people who do a lot of miles per day or those who don’t currently have any charging infrastructure near them. Overall though they are a stylish (some of the latest models use the latest and best tech and look and drive fantastic) and a clean alternative to petrol and diesel cars. Fact: Electric cars do not have gearboxes! One way to find out If they are right for you is to try one. The Electric Vehicle Experience Centre in Milton Keynes allows you to do just that Aren’t they too quiet? Electric cars make almost no noise and this can cause issues for other road users – such as pedestrians and cyclists – who use the sound of the engine to know if a car is nearby. To prevent accidents, electric car drivers need to be wary of other road users and especially vigilant around pedestrians. National Grid ESO - ENCC transparency roadmap - electric car on a road Driving our zero-carbon plan forward For us at National Grid ESO, one of the most exciting things about electric cars is how they might be able help us reduce carbon emissions in the future by making the most of our renewable electricity supplies. Currently, we can’t store renewable energy, so on a windy night or sunny day, we might have a lot of clean electricity which has nowhere to go. However new 'Vehicle to Grid' technology is being developed which would help us to use car batteries to take in or give back power to the grid. Read more about this in our article EVs and electricity Societal Change - Man using mobile app to arrange uber.jpg Future of Energy podcast series Our new podcast series explores key themes from Future Energy Scenarios 2021, assessing the energy Britain needs, examining where it could come from, how it needs to change and what this means for consumers, society and the energy system itself. In our latest episode, host Samantha Simmonds talks with National Grid ESO experts Marcus Stewart and Sagar Depala, on how Great Britain's electricity system is changing to accommodate more electric vehicles, what it means for consumers, and how it could help us meet net zero. Listen and subscribe You can hear the podcast series on Spotify or Apple.
Skip to content Understanding Stress and How To Manage It Understanding Stress and How To Manage It What is Stress? Coined in 1936 by Hans Selye, the term “stress” doesn’t always mean what we think it does – nor is it always a bad thing. Selye defined stress as, “the non-specific response of the body to any demand for change.” In other words, stress is experienced by the body whether one receives positive news or negative news. For example, a rapidly beating heart and sweaty palms can be experienced whether we are receiving a marriage proposal or facing danger. When we experience stress our body thinks that it is under attack, releasing a mix of hormones and chemicals such as adrenaline, cortisol, and norepinephrine, often leading to the fight or flight response. These responses are helpful in situations that keep us out of danger, however the problem occurs when our body experiences the physical reactors of stress in inappropriate situations, which can become a hindrance to our lives and detrimental to our health. In today’s culture, when people talk about being “stressed out”, they are referring to a negative response to pressure and the feelings that come along with that – worry, anxiety, and depression. The Effect of Stress on the Body The feeling of stress is unavoidable, but it is controllable. It can happen with positive changes or negative changes. Small amounts of stress can motivate us to achieve our goals and move us forward. However, stress that is sustained over a period of time can contribute to illness, headaches, neck pain, low back pain, or stomach problems, in addition to mental health issues. Chronic stress releases stress hormones that raise your blood pressure and add fat to your body. Chronic stress may also suppress your immune system, making you more vulnerable to infections and disrupting the body’s ability to heal itself. As a result, stress can have a substantial impact on recovering from injury, directly influencing the healing process. Managing Stress It is important to pay attention to the things in life that cause us stress (stressors) and learn how to control our responses, rather than letting our stress control us. Tips for dealing with stress: 1. Avoid caffeine, alcohol, or nicotine. 2. Get more physical activity. 3. Get more sleep. 4. Try relaxation techniques. 5. Talk to someone. 6. Keep a stress diary. 7. Take control. 8. Manage your time. 9. Learn to say no. 10. Rest if you are sick. How a Physiotherapist Can Help Physiotherapists offer a number of stress management techniques and treatments which can help to improve a patient's health and well-being. Exercise is a great stress reliever, and physiotherapy in particular can help decrease stress levels by harnessing your exercise routine to ease and eradicate any pain or health issues that may be contributing to how you feel. If you are feeling stressed out, we can help. Get in touch today! Have a question? Our team is here to help. (613) 727-5755
- Term Papers, Book Reports, Research Papers and College Essays Symbolism in the Masque of the Red Death Essay by • December 6, 2010 • Essay • 787 Words (4 Pages) • 2,377 Views Essay Preview: Symbolism in the Masque of the Red Death Report this essay Page 1 of 4 Arrogance Kills Edgar Allen Poe's "The Masque of the Red Death" is a typical dark Poe story, but it contains some unique themes and symbolism. In the story a disease known as the Red Death is ravaging the fictional place where the story is set, and it causes its victims to die quickly and painfully. Even though this disease is spreading rampantly, the prince, Prospero, does not care. He decides to lock the gates of his palace in order to keep away from the plague, ignoring the illness that is ravaging the land. Although he possesses the wealth to assist his people, he uses his wealth to protect all the rich people (Poe 386). This story is full of multilayered symbolism and allegory for how Poe viewed life and America in general. After several months, he throws a fancy masquerade ball. For this celebration, he decorates the rooms of his house in single colors. The easternmost room is decorated in blue, with blue stained-glass windows. Purple walls and matching stained glass adorn the next room. Each room, continuing westward, follows in the same fashion in the colors: green, orange, white, and violet. The seventh room is black, with red windows. In this room is a huge ebony clock. When the clock rings each hour, its sound is so loud and distracting that everyone stops talking and the orchestra stops playing. When the clock is not sounding, the party is swinging. Most guests, however, fear and avoid the black room. His selfishness in throwing the masquerade ball unwittingly positions him as a caged animal, with no possible escape (Poe 388). The colors of the rooms represent the stages of life. He also makes it a point to arrange the rooms running from east to west. This represents the cycle of a day, because the sun rises in the east and sets in the west, with night representing death. Poe makes the last, black room, as the endpoint, the room the guests fear just as they fear death. The clock that is in there also reminds the guests that death is always a second, a minute, an hour closer. Also, the fact that it is a costume party allows their fear of the red death to be made into a party theme of sorts. At midnight a new guest appears, dressed more eerily than the rest of the guests. His mask looks like the face of a corpse, he is wearing a funeral shroud, and his face has spots of blood like the victims of the Red Death. Prospero gets mad that someone would be so audacious as to mock him like that. The other guests are so scared that they don't stop the new guest and allow him to walk all the way to the black room. Prospero finally catches up to the new guest in the black room. As soon as he confronts the new guest, Prospero dies. Download as: txt (4.2 Kb) pdf (72.5 Kb) docx (10.3 Kb) Continue for 3 more pages » Only available on Citation Generator (2010, 12). Symbolism in the Masque of the Red Death. Retrieved 12, 2010, from "Symbolism in the Masque of the Red Death" 12 2010. 2010. 12 2010 <>. "Symbolism in the Masque of the Red Death.", 12 2010. Web. 12 2010. <>. "Symbolism in the Masque of the Red Death." 12, 2010. Accessed 12, 2010.
General Allenby's entrance into JerusalemLibrary of Congress One hundred years before President Donald Trump recognized Jerusalem as Israel’s capital, British Prime Minister David Lloyd George proclaimed that the city would be a “Christmas gift for the British people.” Using Jerusalem as a means to impress the public, the prime minister insisted that a symbolic victory in Palestine would bolster morale as they fought battles on the Western Front. And in June of 1917, with his sights set on defeating the Ottoman Empire, Lloyd George appointed General Edmund Allenby as the high commissioner of Egypt and gave him one of the most consequential orders in modern Middle East history: to capture Jerusalem by Christmas. Allenby’s military campaign for Palestine was swift. In October of that year—only four months after he was sent to Egypt—the general defeated the German-led Ottoman forces in southern Palestine in what became one of the last successful cavalry charges in modern warfare. The British continued to move northward and effectively captured Jerusalem within six weeks, prompting Allenby to ceremoniously walk through the gates of the Old City on December 11, 1917—or exactly 100 years ago yesterday. That moment, which marked the beginning of a generation of British rule in Palestine, set the stage for two divergent nationalist movements, one Arab and one Jewish. Allenby’s arrival was welcomed by Jerusalemites. A small but growing Arab nationalist movement, mostly consisting of Muslims and Christians, had aided the British in battles against the Turks in the region, and Jews were reassured by the British government’s early endorsement of Zionism. The fact that adherents of the three religions welcomed the British was a testament to the multifaceted schisms within faiths that Jerusalem has always been a battleground for, as Albert T. Clay wrote in The Atlantic in 1921. The general, aware of the religious weight of Jerusalem, famously dismounted his horse as he reached Jaffa Gate—one of the entrances to the Old City—as a show of respect. His decision to enter on foot was a deliberate attempt to contrast Kaiser Wilhelm II’s visit two decades prior, when the last German emperor rode through the city on horseback, much to the locals’ disgruntlement. Residents and worshippers had perceived the Kaiser’s quick ride through the city to be irreverent and dismissive of its holy stature. After Allenby’s victory, Lloyd George’s government sent in administrators to govern their new territory. But as the British began to settle in, Muslim and Christian Palestinians grew wary of their new ruler. In the month before Allenby’s arrival, the British government issued the Balfour Declaration, which announced their support of a Jewish national home in Palestine and that they would “use their best endeavours to facilitate” that objective. “From quite early on in the British rule in Palestine, you had the beginnings of an opposition against Zionism calling for Arab independence, and it manifested with demonstrations in 1919 and with riots in 1920 and 1921,” said Bernard Wasserstein, author of the book The British in Palestine. The riots evolved into a formidable Palestinian Arab nationalist movement. It demanded self-determination for the Palestinians and an end to the British push for a Jewish national home policy. Indeed, Allenby’s military victories paved the way for a Jewish state. “Without the British Mandate, there would not be today a state of Israel,” Wasserstein said. “It was under that British umbrella that Jews were able to move their percentage of the population up, from less than 10 percent at the moment that Allenby arrived, to little over 30 percent by the time the British left.” Still, British rule did not uniformly favor the Jewish people in Palestine and Europe. As Jews were fleeing persecution in the Second World War, the British drastically limited Jewish immigration in Palestine toward the end of the Mandate. Those who did come helped build new cities, a robust—and to a degree industrialized—economy, and self-governing institutions, all of which helped them decisively win the 1948 war among the Arabs and Jews and establish the State of Israel. British repression of the Arab nationalist movement over the decades set the stage for violence in 1948. Palestinian opposition to the establishment of a Jewish homeland grew violent, and the result was an Arab revolt that depleted the forces of Arab militaries. After the British led a substantial military campaign to curb Palestinian nationalists, “the movement was not destroyed, but greatly weakened in its capacity to resist the Zionists,” Wasserstein said. This left the Arabs in a more vulnerable position as both nationalist movements, Arab and Jewish, geared up for conflict as Mandatory Palestine was coming to an end in the 1940s. “All of that was the outcome of General Allenby’s victory” back in 1917. But the Arab and Jewish nationalist movements were not created by British rule. They were galvanized by it. In the end, Allenby’s walk through the gates of Jerusalem is remembered for its benevolence, in contrast to the Kaiser’s ride on horseback, but it was merely emblematic of imperial Western powers playing chess on colonized land. In spite of the goodwill Allenby inspired when he seized control of the city and called for religious tolerance, both Arabs and Jews wanted to take charge of their own fate. They knew that the contest for Jerusalem’s rule was far from over, a reality that the U.S. must still reckon with today if it’s to be a serious peace broker in the Middle East. The establishment of Israel, the haphazardly drawn borders of post-colonial nation states, and the ongoing conflicts are all a part of Allenby’s legacy. And as for Jaffa Gate, both military and civilian vehicles use it to enter the Old City today.
Now accepting Telehealth appointments. Schedule a virtual visit. The Specific Carbohydrate Diet The specific carbohydrate diet (SCD) has helped to improve the quality of life for many thousands of people who suffer from inflammatory bowel disease and other digestive ailments. This diet is intended to reduce symptoms experienced by people with inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis), celiac disease, diverticulosis or diverticulitis, cystic fibrosis, irritable bowel syndrome, and chronic diarrhea. The specific carbohydrate diet permits only foods which are unprocessed and free of grain, sugar, and starch. The diet is based on the principle that not everyone’s digestive tract is able to easily digest complex carbohydrates and sugars. On the specific carbohydrate diet, only simple, easily digestible carbohydrates are allowed, thus preventing a buildup of undigested carbohydrates which can feed bacteria in the gut and lead to irritation of the intestinal lining. How does the diet work? The guidelines of the specific carbohydrate diet are based on the chemical structure of foods and how easily they are digested. The allowed carbohydrates are simple monosaccharides (single molecules), which are easily digested and absorbed in the intestines. Complex disaccharides (double molecules) and polysaccharides (chain molecules) are not allowed. Complex carbohydrates that are not easily digested can feed harmful bacteria, leading to bacterial overgrowth, irritation, and inflammation in the intestines. The diet works by starving these bacteria and restoring balance to the gut flora. As the microbiota begins to stabilize, the corresponding reduction of toxins and irritants in the intestines leads to decreased levels of inflammation. What do I eat? Allowed Foods: Allowed Meats: eggs, chicken, turkey, beef, fish, pork, wild game, bacon, lamb Allowed Vegetables: fresh or frozen forms of most commonly eaten vegetables are acceptable (asparagus, beets, broccoli, brussel sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, carrots, celery, cucumbers, eggplant, garlic, kale, lettuce, mushrooms, onions, peas, peppers, pumpkin, spinach, squash, string beans, tomatoes and watercress) Allowed Fruits: commonly found fresh, frozen, or dried fruits with nothing added are acceptable (apples, avocados, bananas (ripe with black spots), berries of all kinds, coconut, dates, grapefruit, grapes, kiwi fruit, kumquats, lemons, limes, mangoes, melons, nectarines, oranges, papayas, peaches, pears, pineapples, prunes, raisins, rhubarb, tangerines) Allowed Dairy: SCD yogurt, natural 30-day aged cow and goat cheeses (not Kraft), butter, ghee, and dry curd cottage cheese (DCCC) Allowed Nuts: almonds, pecans, Brazil nuts, hazelnuts, walnuts, cashews, chestnuts (no additives for butters, salted mixes, and flours) Allowed Legumes: peanuts, white beans, navy beans, lentils, split peas, lima beans, kidney beans, black beans Allowed Spices: most non-mixed spices are allowed, screen for anti-caking agents, and make sure the ingredients are listed Not Allowed Foods: No CEREAL GRAINS: wheat, barley, corn, rye, oats, rice, buckwheat, millet, triticale, bulgur, spelt, quinoa Not Allowed Meats: ham, processed sausages, lunch meats, bratwurst, turkey dogs, hot dogs Not Allowed Vegetables: canned vegetables are not allowed due to the usual addition of sugars, processing aids, and preservative chemicals Not Allowed Fruits: canned fruits and most fruit juices are not allowed due to the common addition of sweeteners, preservatives, and processing aids Not Allowed Legumes: soybeans, chick peas, bean sprouts, mungbeans, fava beans, garbanzo beans Not Allowed Dairy: commercial yogurts, milk of any kind, unnatural cheeses (Kraft and most other mainstream shredded cheeses fall into this group), all of the following cheeses: cottage, cream, feta, gejetost, mozzarella, neufchatel, primost, ricotta, processed cheese spreads No STARCHES: including potatoes, yams, sweet potatoes, arrowroot, parsnip, cornstarch, tapioca starch Not Allowed Spices: curry powders, most onion and garlic powders are filled with anti-caking agents Allowed Drinks: weak tea or coffee, water, mineral water, club soda, dry wine, gin, rye, Scotch, bourbon, vodka Not Allowed Drinks: instant coffee, most commercial juices, milk, soda pop, sweet wines, flavored liqueurs, brandy, sherry Allowed Sweeteners: Not Allowed Sweeteners: sugar of any kind (cane, coconut, table, etc), agave syrup, maple syrup, artificial sweeteners Click here for a comprehensive list of which foods are allowed and not allowed on the specific carbohydrate diet. Want more information? Suggested book: Breaking the Vicious Cycle by Elaine Gottschall Suggested website: Natalie Bransky Assistant to Dr. Treyzon You Might Also Enjoy... Eosinophilic Esophagitis How to Reintroduce FODMAPs Is Keto or Paleo Right for You?  A restrictive diet might be appealing to those who have gut-related health issues. The ketogenic (keto) and paleolithic (paleo) diet are two commonly practiced systems that mirror these benefits. Pet Therapy Pet therapy has been widely known to have a multitude of positive effects and improve patients’ well-being physically, psychosocially, and emotionally.
Brains Need Water Of course humans need water for many reasons, but I was still impressed by this: Brain cells require a delicate balance between water and various elements to operate, and when you lose too much water, that balance is disrupted. Your brain cells lose efficiency. Years of research have found that when we’re parched, we have more difficulty keeping our attention focused. Dehydration can impair short-term memory function and the recall of long-term memory. The ability to perform mental arithmetic, like calculating whether or not you’ll be late for work if you hit snooze for another 15 minutes, is compromised when your fluids are low. Over the course of a typical twenty-four hour period, the longest spell most of us go without fluid intake is the six to eight hours we spend sleeping. Sleeping is hardly the kind of activity that you sweat over, but that doesn’t mean you’re not losing water during the night. With every somnolent breath, you expel moisture, and the cumulative effect of a night’s sleep is to dry out. according to Joshua Gowin, a neuroscience doctoral student. If the “delicate balance” is important, then too much water is probably bad as well. I’ve experienced a light headache or near-fainting spell after sitting indoors without drinking enough water. I’m pretty sure that mild dehydration is possible without feeling extremely thirsty.
Wheelchairs: Mobility Options for You What To Expect When You Recover From A Root Canal If you have an abscessed tooth, your dentist may recommend a root canal to clean out the infection. In these cases, a root canal is often the only alternative to pulling a bad tooth. Since you want to save your natural teeth for as long as you can, it's usually best to undergo the root canal procedure. Although root canals have a reputation for being painful to endure, the dentist completely numbs the area first, so they really aren't any more painful than any other dental treatment. You might have some discomfort when the anesthetic wears off, but it shouldn't be too bad. Here's what you can expect when the procedure is over. Your mouth will still be numb when you go home from the dentist's office because it takes a few hours for the anesthetic to wear off. During this time, you want to avoid chewing on anything because you could bite your tongue or gum and not even know it. Once the numbness wears off, you may have soreness in the area that was treated. Some of this pain is caused by inflammation left over from your abscessed tooth, and part of it is the result of the surgery on your gums. Your dentist may send you home with a small supply of pain medication, or you may be instructed to use over-the-counter pain relievers. You may not need to use any pain medication at all. You'll be able to resume your normal activities by the next day, including eating and chewing. However, you want to avoid chewing on the treated tooth until all the dental work is complete. You may be sent home with a temporary crown on your tooth. It won't be as secure as a permanent crown, so be careful about biting down on that side of your mouth. You may want to avoid hard foods such as carrots and crushed ice until your damaged tooth is completely rebuilt and strong again. While you need to be gentle with your tooth when it comes to eating, it's not necessary to take special precautions with oral hygiene. Instead, you should continue to brush and floss on your regular schedule, so you protect the health of your other teeth. Your dentist may even encourage you to be more aggressive with your oral health, because developing an abscess could be an indication you weren't keeping your teeth free of plaque and bacteria. Recovering from a root canal is usually quick and easy. So if you develop problems such as severe pain or swelling, it's a sign of infection or other complication, and you need to call your dentist right away.
A doctor, Anthony Simon or even any other doctor, is actually a specialist who techniques medicine, that is actually interested in handling, promoting, or even recovering medical health and wellness through the careful study, evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of ailments, accident, and also some other psychological or even physical issue. Sometimes, a physician might not be an accredited expert, however they perform give medical solutions to patients. The term “doctor” stems from the Latin phrase “doktor”, which suggests the supervisor. As an outcome, the occupation right now deals with several various kinds of experts including doctors, plastic surgeons, specialists, nurses, clinical transcriptionists, medical assistants, and also others. The physicians and various other health care carriers can easily operate in their personal methods, medical facilities, physicians workplaces, centers, and also in various other areas of medical method. A physician’s task could be incredibly sophisticated as well as it may involve various facets of medication. Medical professionals can treat acute health problems such as flu, cold weather, pneumonia, diarrhea, ear contaminations, skin contaminations, as well as even cancer. They can address severe diseases, including diabetes and cancer cells, besides taking care of intense concerns. He or she might additionally manage some style of mental conditions if a medical professional specializes in a certain area of medication. If you possess an emotional issue that needs to be dealt with, you will certainly need to have to see a doctor that pays attention to that form of specialized. Health care institution is actually where the bulk of medical professionals get their learning and their medical professional’s instruction. You need to likewise talk to your doctor concerning just how he or she went regarding prepping to become a medical professional. Your medical professional’s education and learning as well as training may be complicated. Some physicians receive all their instruction with communication or even on the internet education plans, while others join a 4 year organization of much higher knowing. You will also receive a mutual understanding of the doctor’s area with your medical professional’s education and learning as well as instruction. Your physician is going to have worked hard to become a skilled medical professional, so you will definitely possess a good suggestion of what you will be actually handling as you team up with her or him as aspect of your health care occupation. When your doctor is actually ready to begin his or even her job, the next step is to get training in your selected field of selection. Once you are all set for practice, your physician will encourage a neighborhood hospital or even technique. Your doctor is going to instruct you the essentials of medicine and aid you choose which regions of medicine you would like to specialize in. After you have actually completed your residency, you will definitely work in the direction of coming to be a doctor and also working your technique by means of the health care area. The moment you come to be an expert, you can easily after that advance to a doctor of medication, doctor of osteopathy, medical professional of surgical treatment, physician of drug store, physician of radiology, doctor of surgical procedure, doctor of internal medicine, or even medical professional of specialties. The medical field has actually arrived a very long way given that its starts. Medical professionals have made a substantial influence on the lives of a lot of folks, as well as they continue to do this today. A career as a medical professional may transform your lifestyle for good. So, make the most of your doctor’s education and also adventure and also bring in a favorable difference in the world you stay in. A doctor, health care physician or even only doctor, is actually a professional that methods medical scientific research, which is essentially worried about managing, advertising, identifying, or preserving health with the medical diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of diseases, trauma, and any other kind of mental or even bodily problems. A medical professional is actually likewise in charge of the formulation and application of the client’s medical treatments. The primary accountability of a medical professional is to assist clients overcome bodily ailments and also mental illness in order for them to lead a well-balanced way of life. A doctor operates in a specific industry within the health care field. Medical professional associates are actually clinical experts that function under the oversight of a medical professional. A physician is actually additionally responsible for managing the health care process. He has to give information regarding the improvement and also the side impacts of the individual’s therapy and drugs to his medical professional. In addition to the doctor’s tasks, a nurse practitioner is actually also a physician. She administers medications prescribed through the physician as well as takes care of person procedure. One of those factors is actually because of the boosting demands of physician assistants, specifically in the United States. The lack of doctors in several health care facilities around the country is additionally requiring additional people to make an effort out for a position as a medical professional assistant.
In the herbal and aromatherapy world, you might often hear the phrase “just use a carrier oil” with no explanation. But what does that mean? Herbalists, aromatherapists, and crafters of topical essential oil preparations rely on carrier oils to safely get the job done. However, carrier oils are more than simply a vessel to deliver plant medicine. In this article, we’ll explore the different types of carrier oils, their dynamic properties and benefits, how to use them, and tips on proper storage for maximum health benefits. What is a Carrier Oil? Essential oils are highly concentrated, potent aromatic oils that can be dangerous to use directly on the skin because they have the potential to cause adverse reactions, painful side-effects and allergic responses. Therefore, it is common practice to dilute essential oils with a carrier or base oil to help disperse the oils more evenly, and sometimes even enhance their therapeutic benefits. However, calling an oil a “carrier oil” can be quite limiting; it’s true that in this circumstance it’s being used to carry or deliver an essential oil, but carrier oils have diverse health benefits and can do so much more than simply carry in beauty and healthcare products. These types of oils are extracted by pressing the seeds of plants, which can include nuts, legumes, beans, kernels, grains, and even the pulps around seed kernels, like avocado [1]. Different oils are quite diverse in chemical makeup, which means that each one can have unique properties and therefore, various ideal uses. Carrier oils are an important part in skin and hair care formulas and other topical preparations, so it’s important to understand their strengths to be able to use them accordingly for your DIY botanical crafting. Additionally, not all botanical-derived oils make good carriers, since they vary in color and viscosity, so learning their different properties will help you decide which oil is best to use in a particular application. Some of the most common types of carrier oils used include olive, jojoba, coconut, apricot, argan, avocado and sweet almond, but there are many others. Composition of Oils Oils are made up of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and contain many healthy compounds, such as vitamins and minerals, antioxidants including carotenoids and flavonoids, poly-phenolic compounds, tannins, phospholipids, terpenes and terpenoids, and lignans [1]. It’s common to see both refined and unrefined oils available for purchase. Refining processes vary depending on how the oil will be marketed and sold; sometimes it’s only filtered, or partially refined of scent, color or wax, or it’s fully refined so that only the fatty acids remain [1]. The color of the oil can indicate what compounds are in it and how refined it is; oftentimes the refining process changes the color and composition of the oil. A reddish or orange color in an oil suggests the presence of carotene, the source of Vitamin A. Flavonoids, antioxidants with anti-inflammatory properties, are often present in yellow and orange colored oils [1]. Lycopene, an antioxidant found in tomatoes, is red and purple in color. The carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin create a green color. If the oil is very light in color, that usually indicates that it still maintains it’s healing fraction, also known as unsaponifiable fraction, and it contains powerful therapeutic actions for healthy skin [1]. How To Use a Carrier Oil The most common ways carrier oils are used are for essential oil dilution and making herbal infused oils, which can be used in countless topical preparations for health and beauty. Essential oil dilution As previously mentioned, there can be potential negative side-effects when applying undiluted essential oils directly on the skin, so it’s recommended to dilute them with a carrier oil first. Once you pick your preferred carrier oil, you can begin to dilute essential oils according to the dilution ratio you want. For one teaspoon of carrier oil, add 1 drop essential oil for a 1% ratio, 2 drops for 2% ratio and 5 drops for 5% ratio. For one tablespoon of carrier oil, add 3 drops of essential oil for 1% ratio, 6 drops for 2% ratio, and 15 drops for 5% ratio. Gently stir to mix well and it’s ready to use. Herbal infused oils The medicines of various botanicals and plant parts are commonly infused into a carrier oil, allowing the plant’s medicinal properties to be applied topically. Herbal infused oil can be safely applied directly to the skin or used in herbal salve recipes or other preparations. To make a plant infused oil, you’ll need a carrier oil, dried plant material, and a double boiler. You want to avoid applying direct heat to oil so it doesn’t overheat or burn. If you don’t have a double boiler, you can use a heat-proof glass bowl or a jar placed in a crock pot or other pot full of water (a quick Google search for DIY double boiler should give you some great guidance). Make sure to use dried plant material because fresh plants have a small amount of water content and when water is mixed with oil, it can become rancid more quickly or produce mold. Cut up and place the dried plant material into the top portion of your double boiler. Pour in the carrier oil, making sure that all of the plant material is covered. Add water to the bottom of the double boiler and bring to a simmer for 2-4 hours, or longer, stirring every now and then and checking in to make sure the oil isn’t getting too hot and burning. Keeping your infusion between 120 - 140 degrees fahrenheit is ideal. Allow the oil to cool, strain into a glass container using cheese cloth or other fine mesh, and don’t forget to label it! Click here for our guide on making resin and gum infused oils after finishing this article. Proper Storage Techniques The shelf life of carrier oils depends on the composition of the oil and can range anywhere from 6 months to 2 years. To prolong the quality and composition of the oil, store it in an airtight container, preferably glass, in a cool dark place. To minimize the amount of sun exposure the oil receives, which will also help prolong shelf life, use amber colored glass. You can also store the oils in the refrigerator to extend it’s life [2]. You will know that an oil has gone rancid when the smell appears to be “off”, it will smell like something sour or metal. Common Carrier Oils Olive oil is probably the most common carrier oil used since it’s easy to find and readily available in most grocery stores. It’s highly moisturizing and very gentle and nourishing on the skin without leaving a lot of greasy residue behind. It’s believed to have a cleansing and softening effect on the skin while helping with wrinkles and reducing the signs of aging. [2]. Olive oil has high levels of Vitamin E, an antioxidant which can help protect the skin from the harsh outside world (think wind and intense sun rays) and helps fight inflammation and acne [3]. It’s also commonly used as a hair moisturizer and is believed to help with dandruff [2]. Jojoba oil might be one of the most popular oils for skin health due to its wide range of benefits. Not only is it rich in health-boosting antioxidants and Vitamins A, E, and D, but it's waxy texture has similar properties to sebum, the oily substance produced by your body’s skin glands that helps coat, moisturize, and protect your skin [4]. Because it can mimic your own body’s oil, jojoba is able to penetrate deeply, reaching below the top layer of your skin for maximum nourishment [4]. This also means that when used as a carrier oil, it will help carry the plant medicine to exactly where you want it to go. It’s also naturally antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory, making it great for reducing acne and skin irritations like eczema and psoriasis, as well as cold sores and dandruff [4]. It also works well as a carrier oil with aromatic plant medicine, since it doesn’t have a strong scent of its own. This multi-use oil is a great one to have on-hand. Coconut oil is easy to find in most grocery stores, but it can be a little tricky to work with as a carrier oil, since it changes consistency at different temperatures. Coconut oil melts at about 78° F, so it’s generally solid at room temperature and liquid at anything higher than that [5]. This can complicate a recipe if you’re using coconut oil in a salve or as a carrier oil that you want to remain liquid or solid. It’s common to see both refined and virgin coconut oil for sale; refined has a milder scent and flavor but lower nutrients, while unrefined is minimally processed with a strong coconut scent and flavor. Both can be used as a carrier oil, the type you choose depends on what’s more important to you and your recipe - health benefits or aromatics. If you want it to always remain a liquid, you can also use fractionated coconut oil. The process of fractionating makes the fatty acid chains separate out and it will always be a liquid consistency - nothing is added to the oil to make it this way. Coconut oil is a great moisturizer and has many potential skin benefits, since it contains lauric acid, which is believed to have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties [6]. However, it’s generally recommended to use coconut oil on your skin but not your face, since those with oily skin tend to find it too heavy, aggravating acne instead of reducing it [6]. Everybody is different, so ultimately you’ll have to experiment and see if this oil would work for your skin type. Sweet Almond This oil is most commonly used for it’s skin and hair benefits. It’s moisturizing properties are great for sensitive, dry and inflamed skin and it is commonly used to help maintain skin tightness and skin elasticity [2]. It is believed to help reduce oily skin and wrinkles and is gentle enough to be used on sensitive skin. It can also help with acne due to its anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties. It’s also commonly used for damaged or thinning hair, split ends, dry scalp, and dandruff [2]. Apricot Kernel This oil has a lot of the same advantages as sweet almond oil, so it’s a great substitute for those who have a nut allergy. Apricot kernel oil’s many beneficial properties include anti-Inflammatory, anti-bacterial, antiseptic, antioxidant, and anti-aging. Similar to jojoba oil, it closely resembles the natural sebum produced in human skin, and therefore is very effective as a carrier oil. It is high in Vitamins A and E, which can help protect skin against sun damage and can repair scarred and blemished skin [7]. Argan oil also has high levels of skin protecting and repairing Vitamin E. It also has essential fatty acids that are known to hydrate and soothe dry skin as well as balance the hormones in the skin. It’s helpful for dry skin conditions that cause itchiness and inflammation. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, antiseptic, anti-fungal, anti-viral, and antiseptic properties and is commonly used to combat acne [2]. In a world filled with overly processed skin products, it can be empowering to learn about the many natural and healthy resources that exist, sometimes already present in your kitchen cabinet! Carrier oils are a great way to topically apply the medicine of aromatic plants and many of them have their own therapeutic qualities to add to your healing or beautification intentions. There’s so many oils to choose from that it can get quite overwhelming, so we hope this guide has helped you gain a better understanding on the many carrier oil options and their benefits. Article written by Melissa Szaro 1. Parker, S. (2021) Stocking a carrier oil pantry. Retrieved from 2. AROMAAZ. Carrier oils: A detailed guide on carrier oils, their composition, benefits and uses. Retrieved from 3. Choudhary, T. and Tadimalla, R.T. (2019) 22 Best benefits of olive oil for skin, hair, and health. Retrieved from 4. Patulny, L. (2021) 13 Reasons why you should be using Jojoba oil every day. Retrieved from 5. NOW. (2017) Coconut oil FAQs. Retrieved from 6. Shunatona, B. (2020) Coconut oil for skin: The Benefits and how to use it on your body and face. Retrieved from © 2021 The Northwest School of Aromatic Medicine. All rights reserved. *The statements above have not been evaluated by the FDA, and are for educational purposes only. This article is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. This article should not be taken as medical advice. Please consult your physician before you use this information for health purposes. Leave Your Comments Here: Your email address will not be published. 3 replies to "How Carrier Oils Do More Than Just Carry" • Victoria Nojd Thank you😊 • Diane Graham Great article. Very informative. • Debra Walling An excellent article, short and sweet yet gives lots of details. Thanks for the info; I found it quite helpful.
1978 USAMO Problems Problems from the 1978 USAMO. Problem 1 Given that $a,b,c,d,e$ are real numbers such that Determine the maximum value of $e$. Problem 2 $ABCD$ and $A'B'C'D'$ are square maps of the same region, drawn to different scales and superimposed as shown in the figure. Prove that there is only one point $O$ on the small map that lies directly over point $O'$ of the large map such that $O$ and $O'$ each represent the same place of the country. Also, give a Euclidean construction (straight edge and compass) for $O$. [asy] defaultpen(linewidth(0.7)+fontsize(10)); real theta = -100, r = 0.3; pair D2 = (0.3,0.76); string[] lbl = {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D'}; draw(unitsquare); draw(shift(D2)rotate(theta)scale(r)unitsquare); for(int i = 0; i < lbl.length; ++i) { pair Q = dir(135-90i), P = (.5,.5)+Q/2^.5; label("$"+lbl[i]+"'$", P, Q); label("$"+lbl[i]+"$",D2+rotate(theta)(rP), rotate(theta)*Q); }[/asy] Problem 3 An integer $n$ will be called good if we can write where $a_1,a_2, \ldots, a_k$ are positive integers (not necessarily distinct) satisfying Given the information that the integers 33 through 73 are good, prove that every integer $\ge 33$ is good. Problem 4 (a) Prove that if the six dihedral (i.e. angles between pairs of faces) of a given tetrahedron are congruent, then the tetrahedron is regular. (b) Is a tetrahedron necessarily regular if five dihedral angles are congruent? Problem 5 Nine mathematicians meet at an international conference and discover that among any three of them, at least two speak a common language. If each of the mathematicians speak at most three languages, prove that there are at least three of the mathematicians who can speak the same language. See Also 1978 USAMO (ProblemsResources) Preceded by 1977 USAMO Followed by 1979 USAMO 1 2 3 4 5 All USAMO Problems and Solutions Invalid username Login to AoPS
While it is not easy to predict an economic crisis or to identify when it will start, you should always have a plan B by preparing for any unforeseen circumstances. Economic recession makes it easier to predict a future slowdown, but also, are strengthening. Pеорlе tends to act accordingly when they anticipate an economic crisis. So many people make unusual money withdrawal from the economy, making it easier for recession to occur. The problem is that many people today think that the crisis is looming. According to tо Robert Kiуоѕаki, “thе next finаnсiаl crisis will bе likе аn аvаlаnсhе.” Fred Harrison, the man who successfully predicted the 2008 financial crisis three years ago, warns of a coming recession. Many experts predict that time is running out to prepare for the “next big thing”. But everyone is looking for a way to avoid losing money and possibly also profit from the next financial сriѕiѕ. These are the three simple rules that can help you overcome another crisis that could affect the economy. 1. Take personal savings serious Personal savings are essential if you want to survive the financial crisis. When the crisis reaches its peaks, it is usually associated with low diѕроѕаblе income, high unеmрloyment, and general stagnation. Anyone can end up losing their job. Therefore, the best decision is to start saving today. Make sure you have savings that can last up to 3-6 months. 2. Learn something new Invest in your human capital. Learn something new, learn new skills, until it’s too late to become a professional in an unrelated field. Even if the looming crisis never occurs, new technologies can make your area of specialisation becomes obsolete or the evolution of the economic landscape (outsourcing to developing countries). Start transforming yourself into a more valuable employee now, and don’t forget to build a robust social network. 3. Value investing The period оf the finаnсiаl сriѕiѕ iѕ the time tо apply invеѕtmеnt vаluе principles. Market рѕусhоlоgу wоrkѕ withоut explanation. Pеорlе find it сhаllеnging tо mаkе еxсеllеnt decisions during the rесеѕѕiоn period, but whеn thе есоnоmу is booming, thеу аrе орtimiѕtiс, whiсh mаkеѕ them buy high and ѕеll lоw. Thiѕ is thе орроѕitе of есоnоmiсаllу rаtiоnаl bеhаviоr. With еnоugh luck аnd skill, a ѕignifiсаnt сriѕiѕ can turn into a buуing орроrtunitу at a lоwеr рriсе. This iѕ whаt ѕоmе lоng-tеrm traders dо. Thеу inсludе a liѕt оf big соmраniеѕ with imрrеѕѕivе fundаmеntаlѕ аnd аn еxсеllеnt opportunity to overcome the сriѕiѕ. Thеrеfоrе, they hope to lose a substantial part of the mаrkеt value and mоvе оn. It iѕ еntirеlу possible, but nоt guаrаntееd, fоr соmраniеѕ tо make uр for lost соѕtѕ in a few уеаrѕ. If уоu think thingѕ аrе going to gо wrong during thе nеxt recession (аѕ in 1929), соnѕidеr buуing gold instead оf legal сurrеnсiеѕ. This рrесiоuѕ mеtаl nеvеr goes оut of ѕtуlе. By fоllоwing these ѕimрlе ѕtерѕ, уоu will inсrеаѕе your сhаnсеѕ of bеing bеttеr in thе nеxt rесеѕѕiоn thаn thе rеѕt оf уоur less-prepared еnvirоnmеnt.
“Why Do Some People Learn Faster?” I came across this brief Wired article that nicely covers some psychological studies on learning from one’s mistakes, and thought it’d be a helpful reminder of how to praise children . The latter half of the article gives an overview of Carol Dweck’s research on growth mindset, the belief that we can get better at anything as long as we put in time and effort. It’s fascinating how a subtle difference like praising effort over intelligence can have such a profound impact on behavior and achievement. It’s especially inspiring to think about how something like the NGPM project can help liberate children from the fear of failure. Excerpt from the article: Leave a Reply WordPress.com Logo Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
Maurice Jean Lefebvre often chose to paint strong female figures and always tried to communicate a heightened sense of the subject’s character. Throughout his career, his style adapted to suit the current trends, but he generally retained a deeper level of expression. For example, during the 1910s, he dabbled with a movement known as Fauvism, where colours were exaggerated to bring further meaning to a subject. Whereas during the 1920s, he adopted a softer, more impressionistic, approach that could be compared to a late Renoir. Lefebvre was born in Belgium in 1873 and his works are held in private and public collections within Europe and beyond.
Power of Mind Technology and Reading. This new generation of ours is so much lazy as well as fast about the work they do. Lazy means not to work for too long and to avoid repetition. Fast means to complete the work as quick as possible and feel free to spend time with their gadgets. Everyone has fallen for this bait and even the new born are also getting addicted to technology, they don’t want to talk or write anything but instead they want to watch some funny videos on YouTube. It’s not their fault that get addicted but it’s the fault of parents from which they are learning. Some parents with the knowledge of technology are busy with the work they do on their gadgets, the child also tries to imitate their parents. Also parents think it is a best possible way to keep the child busy while they are working or doing some other stuff. But is it the only way to make a child busy? Is it helping in someway? Children are very fresh and open minded. They learn quickly just by seeing others. These are not the only way to keep a child busy just to have your time to do a work. If children are learning from you, try and spend some time reading in front of them. They will also feel the interest by watching you. This will make a drastic change when they grow up. Children are secondary, even the youths and teenagers are so involved into technology that they don’t want to do any kind of work but to spend enough time with their phones. Technology is helping us in every matter and at the same time it is making people lazy. All the traditional working methods which were very lengthy and tiresome that there was no need for any other fitness routine. Now a days people are working less and spending time and energy just to stay fit. Technology has made people to neglect their daily work and become lazy as most of the work is done by all the gadgets. Later they feel to stay fit spending so much money time and energy. Mind has been kind of brainwashed to some of the people. They can’t stay away from their mobile even while sleeping. This laziness has made most of them to avoid reading and writing habits. Reading can be done by audio books or videos and writing can be done by voice note. These are been brought up to save time but people are misusing the saved time in playing games or any other unproductive work. Yes videos and voice notes have made possible to change the world for most of the physically challenged people but that is not the only way. Why do we have to leave our traditional way? Reading is something that has so many benefits but still it is avoided. No one has the patience to spend such time in reading lengthy messages or articles which may benefit them. They might instead watch a video on the same. If reading takes 10 minutes then the same content will be available through video in just 2 to 3 minutes. Time is important rather it is the essential ingredient to transform our life. If you are able to save so much time through technology, why waste in unproductive works? Utilise the time to improve yourself where you are lagging or try and read some books. Reading will make you improve your language, your understanding skill and also better knowledge of world. Videos provide the same but when you read, you try to imagine yourself in the character but videos will make you see others. The power of imagination lies in reading. Technology is helping mankind improve life but it’s upto your mind what you want to improve. Easiest way is not the way of leaders or champions. The way which challenges you makes you strong. Stand out from the crowd who are evolving into technology and show a different path of reading. If you count the benefits of reading, even one complete book won’t be enough to provide the details. Use the technology wisely, don’t let it use you. Try and make children to read. Technology will never leave us but the good habits are leaving. Think of which way you are benefiting yourself as well as your offspring. If you make changes now, it will definitely make a change when they stand out unique from others. Learn better things and teach better things.
The Languages of Campania COVID-19 lockdown for those of us in the United States meant that pre-planned trips to Italy had to be postponed, collectively breaking the hearts of many Italian Americans who live for their summer trips back to their ancestral lands. While the lockdown, now slowly lifting, was difficult for many, for others it provided a time to make discoveries that they never would have otherwise. For me, that discovery was Neapolitan. As an American of Campanian origin, I had always wanted to learn Neapolitan but never had the time for a wide variety of reasons. Thanks to my day job at the Italian American Podcast, I discovered Italki, an amazing web-based platform where students are connected with language teachers from all over the world. Before we even finished recording Episode 144: 10 Easy Steps to Becoming an Even Better Italian American While You’re Stuck at Home, I had signed up for my first Neapolitan lesson and haven’t looked back. Neapolitan is the basis for all Southern Italian regional languages– contrary to popular belief, it is not named after the city of Naples, but after the Kingdom of Naples, which covered most of the area and of which the city was the capital. On October 14, 2008, the Region of Campania passed a law stating that the Neapolitan language was to be protected. Today, Neapolitan is spoken across most of Southern Italy, except for Southern Calabria (where the other half of my Italian origins is from), Southern Puglia, and Sicily. It is also spoken in a small part of Central Italy– the Province of Ascoli Piceno in the Marche. The Neapolitan dialects are distributed throughout most of continental Southern Italy, historically united during the Kingdom of Naples and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, specifically southern Lazio (Gaeta and Sora districts), southern Marche, Abruzzo, Molise, Basilicata, Campania (Naples), northern and central Puglia, and northernmost Calabria. The dialects are part of a varied dialect continuum, so the varieties in southern Lazio, Marche, Abruzzo, Molise, Apulia, Lucania and Calabria can typically be recognizable as regional groups of dialects. In western Abruzzo and Lazio the dialects give way to Central Italian dialects such as Romanesco. In central Calabria and southern Apulia, the dialects give way to the Sicilian language. Largely due to massive southern Italian migration in the late 19th century and early 20th century, there are also numbers of Neapolitan speakers in Italian diaspora communities in the United States, Canada, Australia, Brazil, Argentina and Venezuela. However, in the United States traditional Neapolitan has had considerable contact with English, and is significantly different from contemporary Neapolitan spoken in Naples. English words are often used in place of Neapolitan words, especially among second-generation speakers. On the other hand, the effect on Neapolitan in Italy has been similar due to displacement by Standard Italian. The Irpinian dialect, or Irpino, is the dialect spoken in almost all of the comuni in the Province of Avellino. It is a variant of the Neapolitan language, but it does differ from pure Neapolitan in certain phrases, pronunciation and the use of definite articles. The dialect is also heavily influenced by its geographical neighbors. For example, in the northern area of Avellino, there are some undertones of the accent from Benevento. The dialects spoken in Ariano Irpino or the other towns close to the border with Puglia also have a distinct Pugliese tone. Part of my decision to learn Neapolitan revolved around my desire to learn the Guardiese dialect. I have old audio recordings of my great-grandmother, Nicoletta Castellano Luongo (1882-1975) singing in Guardiese that I cannot truly decipher. As I am learning Neapolitan, I am beginning to understand Guardiese, as well as the other Irpinian dialects. Once I am able to understand these audio recordings, I will post them with a full translation! Guardia dei Lombardi (AV), Italy The Dizionario Dilettale della Lingua di Guardia dei Lombardi by the late Salvatore Boniello, my friend and mentor, provides a full grammatical lesson of the Guardiese dialect, as well as a complete dictionary of Guardiese words. For comparison’s sake, here is the verb “essere” (“to be”) in standard Italian: io sono (I am) tu sei (You are) lui/lei è (he/ she/it is) noi siamo (we are) voi siete (you are) loro sono (they are) And here is “essere” in Neapolitan: ije songo (also ije so’) (I am) tu sì (You are) isso/essa è (he/she/it is) nuje simmo (we are) vuje site (you are) lloro songo (also lloro so’) (they are) Finally, here is “essere” in Guardiese, where it becomes ess’ : Old style: iu eggiu (I am) tu ei (you are) iddru/iddra è (he/she/it is) nui emmu (also nui immu) (we are) vui iti (also vui eti)(you are) lor’ (also quiddri) enn’ (they are) New style: iu so (I am) tu si (you are) iddru/iddra è (he/she/it is) nui simmu (we are) vui siti (you are) lor’ (also quiddri) sonn’ (they are) As you can see, especially with the new style, there is a pronounced influence of Neapolitan in the Guardiese dialect. The old version’s difference from Neapolitan can be attributed to the fact that Guardia sits 3,280 feet above sea level and was rather isolated from other Irpinian towns until the 20th century when other means of transportation began to grow in popularity. Guardia is also roughly an hour and a half from Naples by car, therefore the Neapolitan influence could gain a stronger foothold in modern times due to easier movement between the two municipalities. Gesualdo (AV), Italy Another example of the Irpinian dialects is that of Gesualdo, which is about 20 minutes away from Guardia. In the book, Vocaboli, Poesie, Canzoni, Strofette e Detti Popolari in Dialetto Gesualdino by Mario De Prisco, the Neapolitan influence on Gesualdino can also be seen. While the book does not contain a conjugation of the verb “essere” in Gesualdino, this rhyme shows the dialect’s ties to Neapolitan: A Mezzogiorno Sta sonanno miezzo iuorno; la tavola attuorno, attuorno, lo pano a felle a felle lo vino a caffafelle. In Italian: A mezzogiorno Sta suonando mezzo giorno; La tavola attorno, attorno, Il pane a fette a fette Il vino in brocche. In English: At Noon It is noon time Everyone goes around the table The bread is cut into pieces The wine is in the decanters. Hopefully this post will inspire someone to learn Neapolitan and then dive into their family’s own ancestral dialect or regional language! If you’re interested in lessons on Italki, click here for my referral link so you get $10 in free credits! Second Place, Pennsylvania Press Club Contest, 2021 2 Comments Add yours 1. Hi there, love the site, great to see the languages of my youth online (Ho abitato a Piedimonte Matese, ma oggi vivo alla Scozia) just one thing in the translation of ‘Sta suonando mezzo giorno;’ to english, it has a similar structure ‘It tolls noon’. La lingua inglese ha anche l’idea dell’ore siano significate da campanelli. 🙂 Pardon my italian, have not written much for about 33 years! Liked by 1 person 1. Ciao Giovanni! It’s a pleasure to meet you! 🙂 I actually translated it in American-style English as that’s the main language of my readers. No American would ever write “It tolls noon,” but I do understand where you’re coming from. 🙂 A presto! Liked by 1 person Leave a Reply to Stephanie Longo Cancel reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
MERS Outbreak in the Republic of Korea Lablogatory spoke to Kyung Jin Cho, PhD, from the Department of Health and Environmental Science at Korea University about the current outbreak of MERS in the Republic of Korea. This is what he had to say. Lablogatory: What can you tell us about MERS in the Republic of Korea? Dr. Cho: MERS is a viral respiratory infection caused by Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The MERS-CoV belongs to the coronavirus family (beta coronavirus). Many MERS patients developed severe acute respiratory illness with symptoms of fever, cough, expectoration, and shortness of breath. The cause of MERS is not yet fully understood. Some infected people had mild symptoms or recovered. Incubation period is known as 2-14 days. The incubation periods are still under dispute since a few cases in Korea reported incubation periods longer than 14 days. Fortunately, the MERS outbreak appears to be subsiding with one or two new cases are reported daily. Many people under the house quarantine at the peak of MERS outbreak are now released. The Korean MERS portal reported that there are 27 deaths from 175 cases as of June 23, since the first MERS patient was confirmed on May 20, 2015 (Fatality rate: 15.4%). Most of the people who died had an underlying disease such as chronic lung and kidney disease, cancer, and diabetes mellitus. Of the 27 deaths, 74.1% were male and all were over the age of 40. Of the 175 confirmed cases, male 107 (61.1%), female 68 (38.9%); the Inpatient/outpatients 80 (45.7%), family members/visitors visiting sick persons 62 (35.4%), staff and other hospital employees 33 (18.9%). Most of the MERS cases were infected within the medical facilities. The cumulative number of released individuals from quarantine is 10,718. The current number of isolated is 2,805 (home 2,091 and institution 714). Lablogatory: How fast is it traveling within Republic of Korea? Dr. Cho: The major second place of MERS spread was a mammoth hospital which is a top-class institution in Seoul. Within a large hospital, the Hospital S, nearly half of the cases (82 of 166 cases, As of Jun 20, 2015) were exposed to the MERS during June 5th through June 10th. The hospital S admitted the 14th case of MERS and became the epicenter of the second generation of MERS cases. The health authority failed to carry out timely control measures against MERS. The authority and the hospital S were harshly blamed for the late response in the beginning of MERS outbreak. During the MERS outbreak, a few doubtful MERS patients roamed about a few institutions. Some local hospitals had to refer their untreated cases to the tertiary hospitals located in big cities, like Seoul or Busan, which have excellent specialists and more resources. Unfortunately, some of the hospitals could not cope with the unexpected MERS outbreak. The triage systems in some medical institutions and the house quarantines were not operated successfully at the beginning, which contributed to the spread. Lablogatory: Beyond the basic protocols, what other measures are being put in place, or SHOULD be put in place to stop the spread of this virus? Dr. Cho: The Government’s rapid-response team (RST) should have activated much earlier. Government should have timely announced the list of hospitals in which MERS cases appeared and should have issued the compulsory order for the closure or partial closure of the few target hospitals much earlier. We realized that there are too few officials who are working for the government as experts in the epidemiology. Also, the number of efficient Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR) is largely insufficient. The possibility of MERS spread within the patients’ rooms and emergency room might be much higher than we would have expected. Even though the government and some hospitals didn’t make timely responses, they disclosed the list of 84 hospitals (As of June 20th, 2015) that had MERS cases onset or MERS cases passed by. They also announced the list of 251 safe hospitals so that general citizens and respiratory patients can take the treatment under the safe conditions. Seoul City authority asked citizens of Seoul to report MERS outbreak to Dasan Call Center (120) or official website of the Seoul metropolitan city. Citizens of other areas can report the outbreak to Korea government’s official website. Through text messages or phone calls, the Hospital S tried to reach all the people who visited the Hospital S during the periods of high MERS exposure. Most of citizens are now well complying with the government measures. Since some MERS patients in Korea exhibited symptoms beyond the two-week latency period, local health authorities will maintain a tent at the entrance of the town for more five days with staff to monitor if any villagers show symptoms. The health authority is monitoring three hospitals intensively ( Hospital G in Seoul, Hospital A in Chungcheong province and Hospital G in Busan) that could possibly become new epicenters for the spread of MERS. Lablogatory: How should institutions protect laboratory workers? What steps can clinical laboratory scientists take to protect themselves? Dr. Cho: Information can be found here:“The Guidelines on Diagnostic Testing for MERS.” These guidelines include information about specimen collection, transport, and testing. Sample Collection When laboratory scientists collect samples during the aerosol-generating procedures such as sputum examination, bronchoscopy, positive pressure breathing, tracheal aspiration, and intubation/extubation, the lab scientist should follow the Infection Control Guidelines in Specimen Collection when performing Aerosol-generating Procedures. Even when lab scientists collect non-respiratory samples such as blood, they should wear the N95 mask. 1. The procedures should be done by minimal number of health personnel within Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR) or single patient room 2. Health personnel protection 1) PPE: N95 mask or higher grade equipment for respiratory protection, gloves, gown with long sleeves, goggle and face shield 2) Minimize entry and exit of the isolation room during the aerosol generating procedures 3) Maintain 6-12 times of ventilation per hour 4) Keep the hand hygiene practices before and after the patient contact and after the doffing of PPE 5) Clean the isolation room after using and keep the room empty for 30 minute after room cleaning in case of 12 times ventilation per hour Transport of Infectious Substances 1. Packaging and Transporting Within Healthcare Institutions 1) After placing the specimens in the primary receptacle, the outer surface of the receptacle is disinfected with 70% alcohol swab, then put the primary receptacle into a zipper bag and packed in the second receptacle and transported to the destination. 2. External Transport 1) Specimen is placed into the primary receptacle and wrapped with parafilm, then disinfected with 70% alcohol swab. 2) A zipper bag containing the primary receptacle with some absorbent is placed into the second receptacle and prop them up not to fall, and put on a lid tightly. 3) Place second receptacle along with specimen data, letters and test request form into the third receptacle in the form of a triple packaging. Specimen Processing and Perform Test 1. Lab scientist should wear adequate PPEs and handle the specimen within the biological safety cabinet (BSC) class II. 2. For the testing, lab scientist should follow the technical manual of the respective reagents that are used in each institution. 3. In order to prevent the cross-contamination, lab scientist should extract nucleic acid from the specimen one sample at a time after pretreatment. 4. Automated nucleic acid extraction equipment recommended by WHO can be used: Lab scientist should wear PPEs of Level D. After dispensing within a BSC class II, the specimens are loaded on the extraction equipment. 5. Lab scientist should comply with the Regulations for laboratory biological safety that includes the disinfection of BSC work surface after specimens are processed. Laboratory Biological Safety 1. Use of PPE 1) Wear the PPE of Level D: Whenever the specimens are handled, lab scientist should wear disposable globes and laboratory gown. If there are possibilities of splash during the opening of receptacles, the lab scientist should wear a dental mask and a goggle. At the completion of laboratory testing, doff the PPE and wash hands prior to leaving the testing area. * For the prevention of contamination of hands or body from the used PPE, the lab scientist should be careful while he or she doffs the PPE. * When there is a high risk of aerosol-generating processing, lab scientist should wear an N95 mask. 2) Processes that require Class II Biological Safety Cabinet (BSC). Hand wash after doffing of gloves at the completion of BSC work. Laboratory coat should preferably be long-sleeved and open at the back. Use disposable gloves. 3) The safeguard action system of equipment should be applied (Dual-lid centrifuge: installation and detachment of buckets or rotors for specimens should be done within the BSC). 4) Minimize the possibility of unwanted contact with the specimen outside the BSC. 5) At the completion of specimen handling, the work surface of BSC should be disinfected with 70% ethanol. 6) The supplies that contact infectious specimen should preferably be disposable ones. In the event of contamination, they should be autoclaved before disposal. 1. Handling of specimen for routine test (Biochemistry, hematology and other tests) 1)When performing hematology and chemistry test with blood, serum and urine specimen, the standard precaution should be applied like any other routine clinical specimen. 2) Manual cell counts and cytospin of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) should be done with the BSC. 3)The routine tests that should be done following lab safety regulations at BSL-2 (1) Histo-pathological examination of tissues that are fixed with formalin or other ways (2) Molecular biological test using nucleic acid extract. (3) Electron microscopic examination after fixation with glutaraldehyde. (4) Culture test of bacteria and fungus at the microbiology laboratory. (5) In the triple packaging of infectious specimen: the specimen contained in the secondary receptacle can be tested at the BSL-2. (6) Inactivated specimen (the specimen contained in the nucleic acid extract). 4) The procedures that have to use Class II BSC (1) Dispense and dilution of infectious specimen. (2) Inoculation on medium for the culture of bacteria and fungus. (3) Diagnostic test for infectious specimen excepting the proliferation of virus. (4) Extraction of nucleic acids from infectious specimen. (5) The transportation of specimen outside BSC after extinction of bacteria through chemical or heat fixation for the preparation of smear for microscopic exam. Source: The web sites of MERS portal prepared by the Ministry of Health and Welfare and Korea Center for Disease Control Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
• By Laurel Kelly Consumer Health: Heart disease risk factors for women February 22, 2019 a smiling middle-aged woman, with her arms crossed, leaning on a railingHeart disease in women: Understand your risks Heart disease is the most common cause of death in the U.S. Although several traditional risk factors, such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure and obesity, affect everyone, other factors may play a bigger role in the development of heart disease in women. Becoming aware of the symptoms and risks unique to women, as well as eating a heart-healthy diet and exercising, can help you protect yourself. Here's what you need to know. Also in today's tips ... Diuretics, high blood pressure and low potassium Diuretics commonly are used to treat high blood pressure. They lower blood pressure by helping your body eliminate sodium and water through your urine. However, some diuretics also can cause you to eliminate more potassium in your urine. This can lead to low potassium levels in your blood. Potassium helps carry electrical signals to cells in your body. It is critical to the proper functioning of nerve and muscles cells, particularly heart muscle cells. Learn more from Dr. Sheldon Sheps, an emeritus Mayo Clinic hypertension and peripheral vascular diseases specialist. Infographic: Organ donation myths and facts Being an organ, eye and tissue donor is a generous decision that can be a lifesaver for up to 75 people. If you've ever considered organ donation but had concerns, here are answers to common organ donation myths. Exercise: How much do you need every day? Are you wondering if you're getting as much aerobic activity and strength training as you should? Are you wondering what types of exercises you could include for each? Are you wondering how to fit exercise into your already busy schedule? Get some answers from Dr. Edward Laskowski, a Mayo Clinic physical medicine and rehabilitation specialist and co-director of the Mayo Clinic Sports Medicine Center. Hand drying reduces spread of germs You know the value of washing your hands to stop the spread of germs, but did you know that drying them matters, too? Find out why.
Prepare a 7- to 10-slide PowerPoint® presentation to present your personal criminology theory and apply your theory to analyze one case of crime that you are familiar with. In your presentation, include the following pieces: • Briefly describe your personal criminology theory to include why you think people commit crime. • Identify assumptions on which your theory is based. • Briefly summary of the case you will analyze. • Explanation of the occurrence of the crime and why the criminal committed the crime using your theory. • Identify any gaps that your theory may have regarding (fail to explain partially) the selected crime. • Explain how you could improve/modify your theory if possible. Is this part of your assignment? ORDER NOW
GNU GCC Library C++ Standard Library Documentation the C++ Standard Library is a collection of classes and functions, which are written in the core language and part of the C++ ISO Standard itself. A unique feature of the C++ standard library is it not only specifies the syntax and semantics of generic algorithms, but also places requirements on their performance. GNU C++ Library aka libstdc++ is a free software implementation of the ISO C++ standard and is part of the GCC source code made available under the terms of the GPLv3 license. C++ Library Components Take a look at the C++ library components. C++ std:: Namespace The toplevel namespace is std. std contains the following namespaces in addition to many classes. Take a look at the complete list of all C++ namespaces. C++ Classes Some commonly access C++ classes are Data Structure Take a look at the complete list of class in the std namespace We'd suggest that in the interest of time, please use the search box on the top right. Take a look at the comprehensive list of classes. C++ Class Hierarchy Take a look at the textual C++ class hierarchy Take a look at the visual UML based representation of the C++ class hierarchy C++ STL Requirements Table As part of the ISO standardization of the C++ library, the requirements on containers are presented in a tabular format. As you will note, this helps see the container design in its most generic form. image credit: Free Software Foundation, GNU GCC project.
Data is the new oil. Now more than ever, it powers businesses and drives their success in countless ways, and the companies that are utilizing data science have an immediate advantage over their competition with the ability to create better products and understand trends before they happen to stay ahead of their rivals. But what does this mean for data scientists? In this article, we’ll explore a few applications. Financial institutions were some of the pioneers when it comes to the use of analyzing huge amounts of raw data to draw meaningful insights for strategic decision making. Even before data science was a recognized industry term, financial institutions understood the potential of finding patterns and anomalies in large amounts of data to steer organizations away from financial catastrophes toward financial opportunities. Whether it’s fraud detection, risk monitoring, automated trading, or helping banks navigate a recession, data scientists play an extremely valuable role in the finance industry. Applications of Data Science in Finance 1. Risk Analytics Risk analytics is an important tool for data scientists and business intelligence professionals in finance. It helps companies make strategic decisions about risk, increase their trustworthiness on the market, as well as secure exposure to both themselves and other businesses that are also risking assets under them. In other words — you’re able to generate a representation of what could happen in case something goes wrong, so that no one bites off more than they can chew! 2. Consumer Analytics Financial institutions are using consumer analytics to measure the customer lifetime value, increase cross-sales, and reduce below zero customers. One way in which they do this is by taking insights from real time data about people’s behaviors so that appropriate business decisions can be made for them when it comes down their specific needs or wants; like insurance companies who use these types of metrics with regards to measuring risk pools due up on certain products through observed patterns over time (like how many months someone has been paying). 3. Fraud Detection Fraud is understandably a major concern for financial institutions. The dangers of fraud increase in correlation with the number of overall transactions, but with the growth in analytical tools, it’s much more manageable for institutions to keep track of fraudulent activity within staggering amounts of data. One of the most widely practiced fraud detection practices lies within credit card fraud, where algorithms trained to spot anomalies ‘hold the line’ against potentially malicious activity. 4. Algorithmic Trading (wink) Algorithmic trading is one of, if not the most important part of financial institutions, and has been growing at a faster rate than internet adoption between 1990–2000. Complex mathematical formulas and instantaneous computations help institutions devise new trading strategies and capitalize on otherwise unseen opportunities within financial markets. Big data has played a crucial role in the accuracy and scalability of algorithmic trading, as an average dataset present in a traditional automated trading system contains massive amounts of data streams and parameters that determine actions based on preset conditions, all while an underlying portfolio management model determines position sizing and optimal allocation strategy. In Conclusion While there are countless roles where data science and the financial industry go hand-in-hand, the most dominant applications lie mostly in the fields of risk management, trend analysis, fraud detection, and automation. In the coming years, it will be exciting to see how machine learning and data science continue to optimize not just the financial industry, but also just about every other industry you can think of. What are some future applications you’re looking forward to?
Hashtags and Getting 'Rekt' Social media is has become, or will become, humanity’s most common form of communication and expression. But whether people believe this to be a good thing or not, its impact will sustain Nowadays it seems to be almost impossible to avoid social media and the internet. It is ubiquitous, massively popular and having an impact. The emergence and incredible growth of social media has created a world become increasingly dependent and further ingrained into technology, consisting of hashtags, direct messages, posts, status updates and 140 character statements. If you were to look through social media page, you would find a range of stories, photos and status updates, consisting of items which may be revealing and excessively open, or perhaps plagued with long pointless and attention-seeking rants or outlandish outlooks or rather trivial issues (of which could quite comically be labelled as ‘first-world problems’). With that kind of content in existence on the world wide web, it is quite clear that the advent of social media dominates as the main method of social interaction, and so it would be plausible to assess its merits as being so. Thus, the question is, then, should be asked; is social media benefit or a bane? To answer this somewhat difficult question, it is important to assess how social media has impacted society exactly. To being with, it has certainly seemed to have changed the way we communicate with each other. Whereas before many would have preferred face-to-face meetings as opposed to chatrooms, or even treat a phone call or a letter as a last resort, or, at least, a rarity, the modern era now consists of a contrasting consensus. The more common interactions are performed online, through the likes of Twitter, Facebook and Instagram and many other social media sites each allowing for different kinds of expression, through photos, texts and instant direct messages, and brief status updates Consequently, the face-to-face interactions, and the characteristics, tendencies and skills associated with such forms of socialising, have become more scarce. With this in mind, it is reasonable to question whether this would be advantageous for society or damaging? Though one undeniable advantage of social media is that one does not have to rely on proximity or sufficient funds to connect, remain in touch or engage adequately with relatives or friends of whom are located on the other side of the globe. One can still talk to them through messaging apps, or still have what is a replica of a real face-to-face conversation through video chat services such as FaceTime or Skype. However, perhaps the con of such forms of socialisation is that the real connection and engagement that comes with real life conversations cannot be fully replicated; the warmth of a hug, the satisfaction of a handshake, being able to gauge body language and other non-verbal cues and the certainty that you actually know who are communicating with, are just some of the things that the digital world does not provide. Humans have always relied on the orthodox of communicating with one another in a very direct form. Even the emergence of letters or the dawn of the telephone could not completely replace the value of direct confrontations. But the modern digital age has changed the way we interact with each other, so much so that instead of the use of social media being temporary measure to connect with others whilst finding the time and convenience to meet in person, it has become the sole means of communicating, encouraging a culture of introverted and artless misanthropes, hunched over illuminated screens distracting them from the real world which exists around them. In addition to the impact on socialisation, social media and the internet has also influenced some quite drastic changes to the way we use language. Newfangled abbreviations and acronyms, as well as a swarm of quite unconventional uses of words to create modernistic and quirky ‘internet slang’ have become commonplace not just on computer and mobile screens but now has found a way to officially make itself part of the English language. LOL (Laugh-Out-Loud) and ‘selfie’ (where one takes a picture of themselves or others using the front-facing camera featured on the many smartphones or tablets and then sent to the world through social media) are some of the words which have managed to creep into English dictionaries in recent times, making their mark and symbolising a true cultural shift. Furthermore the use of internet slang words, including ‘rekt’ (referring to how one mocks another), ‘fire’ (used to describe something that is good or of high quality) or even ‘bae’ (an acronym for ‘before anybody else’ and how one may refer to their significant other), have also become increasingly common terms used more frequently amongst the younger generation and their newfound vocabulary. Everything about it is unusual and strange, and for some coming to terms with such transitions can be difficult to understand. Even so, this evolution in language and word choices is completely natural. The language and lexis humans use constantly change over time. It adjusts and restructures itself to the ever-changing social structures and norms which shape the world. By doing so it allows us to understand current circumstances and happenings and stay in touch with significant shifts in standards and orthodoxy. So, despite the peculiarity of this new breed of English, it is important to understand that it is inevitable and necessary, and simply follows the dynamics of humankind. Ultimately, with everything the internet has done, there are essentially two contrasting takes on the merits and faults of its impact on modern society. There are those of the older generation, typically more old-fashioned and traditional, who mostly dismiss the drastic unintelligible changes which have occurred through the emergence and rapid development of technology. On the other side is the younger generation, who choose to embrace the changes and new conventions which shape the present and set up the future, since it is this very group who will grow up with these influences and shifts and thus will be more accustomed and comfortable with its existence. And so it is those of the younger generation who will drown the whole debate with their acceptance of the new and dismissal of the old, resulting in those who stand against the latent alterations being left behind. Deciding whether the influences of social media and the internet upon society has been good one, in reality, does not make a difference, because these changes have manifested they will continue to do so. Humankind depends on it. Technology has helped advance and change the world so quickly and so radically, and so no matter how much one may despise it, the internet and social media will continue to establish itself for the foreseeable future.
A Word from Rabbi Schulman - 4/29/16 One of the unifying forces of Judaism is Torah. Its importance in Jewish life is beyond measure. It is a central focus of Jewish worship and learning. We like to proclaim that wherever we might be in the world, in whatever Jewish community we may find ourselves, we can be certain that the same portion of the Torah is being read. Most Shabbatot this is true. But not always. This Shabbat is a notable exception to the rule. At sundown tonight it will be the 22nd day of the Hebrew month of Nisan. For Orthodox and Conservative Jews who live outside of Israel, they will observe the 8th day of Passover. Since it is a Yom Tov, a festival day, there is a special Torah reading assigned for this date. However, for Reform Jews in the Diaspora, we do not observe a 2nd day of a holiday (i.e., a second day of Rosh Hashanah, Sukkot, Shimini Atzeret, Pesach, or Shavuot). Long ago, our ancestors who lived in Babylonia kept a second day of Yuntiff because it took so long for a signal from Jerusalem to arrive notifying them when to begin. But we Reform Jews no longer rely on outmoded custom. We do not wait for a priest in the Temple to certify the start of a Yom Tov; nor do we rely on bonfires set alight on mountain tops to reach us here in the Diaspora. So for us, Passover concludes as it is prescribed in the Torah, after seven days. Pesach ends today at sunset. So if it’s not still the festival of Pesach, what is the correct Torah portion to read? The answer is not straightforward. Oh sure, you could open your HebCal app, but that will tell you what our traditional brethren are reading this Shabbat. Does the Reform movement have something else available? The Reform movement has a website that is somewhat helpful. It lists that the Torah portion for this Shabbat is Acharei Mot. But then, it gets more complicated, because it designates the following week’s parasha as Kedoshim, which corresponds to what Jews in Israel will be reading. However, this would put us further out-of-sync with the rest of the Diaspora community. So the compromise, which many Reform congregations will follow, is to divide Torah portion Acharei Mot into two parts; the first to be read this Shabbat and the next on May 7. Then, beginning May 14, we will be aligned with other congregations in the Diaspora with Torah portion Kedoshim. The founder of modern Orthodoxy, Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch, wrote that “the catechism of the Jew is his calendar.” I suppose that here at Temple Beth Torah we fail at fulfilling Rabbi Hirsch’s summary exposition of doctrine. However, as long as we remain focused and devoted to Torah in its broader sense, then we will always find purpose and connection to Jews worldwide.
An ECG (electrocardiogram) records the electrical activity of your heart at rest. It provides information about your heart rate and rhythm, and shows if there is enlargement of the heart due to high blood pressure (hypertension) or evidence of a previous heart attack (myocardial infarction). However, it does not show whether you have asymptomatic blockages in your heart arteries or predict your risk of a future heart attack. The resting ECG is different from a stress or exercise ECG or cardiac imaging test.
Every Teen Deserves The Chance To Be Fully Themselves! At Eckert Centre it is our goal to assist each teen in finding and expressing their maximum potential and strengths as well as working through the barriers to expressing their true self, finding peace, joy, and self-acceptance. Today's teenagers are under different stress than the teens of prior generations. Teens are exposed to peer pressure and social media in addition to the stress that comes with discovering who they want to become in the future. In addition, they have a larger workload at school and need to take a variety of significant tests every year. They may also worry about finding the right career, getting into university, finding a good friend or a romantic partner. With all of the stresses of our modern world, many teens can benefit from counseling as they navigate these challenges. Making Sense Of The Past And Present Ana Gomez, a well-known psychotherapist, does a good job explaining how therapy can help teens make sense of their past so they can live fully in the present. “When we have bad or negative events in our lives like abuse, bullying, divorce, accidents, losses and death of a loved one, violence in the home among others, the brain creates ‘files’ or “apps” that contain all the feelings, thoughts, and body sensations connected to this event. When we have events that are not ‘too bad’, the brain has the capacity to work on these files/apps before storing them and locking them up as memories. What is stored has been sorted out and organized so the negative stuff has been let go, allowing us to keep the good stuff and learn from this experience. However, when the event is really bad or has happened several times, these files/apps get overloaded and the brain can’t do the work of sorting things out and putting all the pieces of the event together. As a result, these files/apps are all messy, in pieces that are not put together and organized by the brain. Different life events we call triggers can open up these files/apps or “click” on them. A “click” may be a classmate making fun of us, being ignored, not getting what we are asking for, parents asking us to clean up our room and so on. When these “clicks” open up the files/apps, we start to have the negative feelings, thoughts, and body reactions we had when the bad stuff happened. EMDR helps the brain organize these files and put all the pieces together. When the files/apps are finally organized, the “clicks” of everyday life won’t have the power to make us feel angry, sad or shameful or to think that we are not worthy or that we are not enough or to make us yell, become aggressive or do things we regret later. EMDR is not a “magic” cure. It takes some work, but it is sooo worth it because recovering our ability to feel good is worth all of our efforts.” (This is an excerpt from Ana’s book: EMDR Therapy and Adjunct Approaches with Children: Complex Trauma, Attachment and Dissociation) Book An Appointment
Accusing monarch of witchcraft Accusing Queen Elizabeth I and Prince Henry of witchcraft. (Catalogue ref: SP 14/175 f.90) It was not just ordinary people who were accused of witchcraft. Accusing the monarch of being a witch was dangerous, which is probably why this report, where a ‘stranger’ slandered Queen Elizabeth and Prince Henry (the late son of King James I), made its way into the hands of the Secretary of State, 28 November, 1624. Page One: 1. The relation of Roger Morse of the 2. town and county of Southampton 3. Clothier taken the xxvij [27th] day of November 4. 1624 5. Before John Elvie, Mayor, Edward Epton 6. William Movey, John Long, Arthur Baker 7. John Mayor, Richard Dalby and 8. George Gallop Alderman Justices of 9. the peace within the said town 10. and county 11. Morse says that yesterday being the xxviij [28th] 12. day of this instant November about nine o’clock 13. in the evening one Mr Butler the curate of 14. Milbrooke in the county of Southampton came 15. unto this relator’s house, bringing thither with 16. him a stranger called Mr Morgan, and required 17. to lodge there that night, which this relator 18. granted, and thereupon brought them into a 19. chamber in the house there to lodge and about 20. half an hour after this relator and one 21. John Percher came into the said chamber 22. unto them, where they fell in discourse together 23. touching the wars in the Low Countries 24. and so of England and of Spain. And this 25. relator saying that if Queen Elizabeth 26. had lived but a little longer she would have 27. made the King of Spain a poor King or 28. to the like effect, the said Morgan made 29. answer this: They say that she was a 30. whore and a witch. And this relator performing 31. in this discourse the present state and 32. strength of our King and Kingdom before 33. Spain the said Morgan replied that 34. England was weak and the Castles were weak Page two: 1. naming the Castles of Dover and Hurst 2. and Calshot Castle. And that the King 3. of Spain paid more in one year to his soldiers 4. than all the revenues of England were worth 5. …Saying further, you shall 6. see what will become of England and 7. repeating those words oftentimes. And this 8. relator in their said discourse saying that the 9. late prince Henry of Wales would have met 10. with Spain well enough, if he had lived 11. or to the like effect, the said Morgan replied 12. they say before his body was cold on earth 13. his soul was frying on a gridiron [a hot grill for cooking] in hell Return to Early Modern witch trials
FAQ: What To Do When Ur In Pain From Gymnastics? How do you get rid of soreness from gymnastics? Ice soon after the exercise can decrease inflammation, while heat can ease present soreness and increase circulation. Massage and stretching are perhaps the most underused remedies, but can have effective results. How do you treat gymnastics injuries? Treatment should initially consist of ultrasound, stretching, activity modification, and calf exercises. Foot immobilization for seven to ten days may be beneficial for severe symptoms. Injuries to the foot and ankle are common in gymnastics. Acute injuries are usually sprains which can be minor or more serious. Can you get hurt doing gymnastics? Gymnasts use both their arms and legs, putting them at risk for injury to almost any joint in the body. Some gymnastics injuries, such as bruises and scrapes, are inevitable. More serious, common gymnastics injuries include: Wrist fractures. How often do gymnasts get hurt? Like Bain, many gymnasts are injured every year. According to Elsevier Global Medical News, an average of 4.8 injuries per 1,000 gymnasts occur each year. This may not seem like a large number; however, this annual injury rate rivals that of contact sports such as hockey, soccer and basketball. You might be interested: Often asked: National Gymnastics Day How To Compete? What helps sore muscles fast for kids? To help relieve muscle soreness, try: 1. Gentle stretching. 2. Muscle massage. 3. Rest. 4. Ice to help reduce inflammation. 5. Heat to help increase blood flow to your muscles. Why does my leg hurt after gymnastics? When muscles are required to work harder than they’re used to or in a different way, it’s believed to cause microscopic damage to the muscle fibres, resulting in muscle soreness or stiffness. DOMS is often mistakenly believed to be caused by a build up of lactic acid, but lactic acid is not involved in this process. Why do gymnasts get injured so much? Gymnasts must consistently prepare for the rigorous physical and emotional toils that the sport requires. With the complexity of routines, the risk of potential injury increases. Injuries most commonly occur in the ankles, feet, lower back, knees, wrists, and hands, often from overuse or simple stress. Has anyone ever died doing gymnastics? Melanie Coleman, a collegiate gymnast in Connecticut, died from a spinal cord injury in 2019 after her hands slipped off the uneven bars during practice. Why are all gymnasts short? By moving their arms in, they’ve decreased the amount of weight that’s far away from the axis of rotation and they’ve decreased their moment of inertia, making it easier for them to spin at high speed. The smaller a gymnast is, the easier it is for her to rotate in the air. Do gymnasts suffer later in life? Injuries can emerge decades later Many female gymnasts have low bone density issues. These low bone density issues come to the fore later in life as muscles weaken, or lose their “competition-ready” form, and can no longer compensate for weaker bones. You might be interested: Often asked: What Was The First Year Of Gymnastics? Are gymnasts healthy? Gymnastics is one of the best exercises for training for overall health and wellness. And that’s why gymnastics is so good for you! It helps build self-morale, determination, and better communication skills. It also improves quality of sleep, fights depression, and aids weight loss in the most effective way. What should a gymnast eat before training? Some suitable pre-competition options include: • Fresh fruit + small tub of yoghurt. • Breakfast cereal with milk or yoghurt. • Toast with peanut butter or banana. • Small serve of pasta or rice dish. • Wrap or sandwich with light fillings. Is gymnastics bad for your body? High-intensity mechanical loading of gymnastics activity appears to increase bone development and counterbalance negative effects, such as later pubertal development, lower body fat mass and lower hormone levels. In conclusion, gymnasts present higher bone mineral values in comparison with untrained controls. Is gymnastics a real sport? How do gymnasts prevent back injuries? A gymnast can avoid injury by having a coach or trainer monitor their movement and offer guidance for proper techniques. Dr. Langhorst also recommends regular core stabilization and lumbopelvic stabilization exercises with flexibility and range of motion movements. Leave a Reply
Cancer Biology Understanding the main stages in tumor development to identify markers for very early diagnosis and new therapeutic targets. Our bodies are the product of communication and cooperation between several tens of billions of cells. Cancer is a disease of the cell, caused by an impairment in its communication mechanisms and responses to the signals it receives. Researchers are studying the development of organisms and the function of individual cells, in isolation or in their natural environment within tissue or during interaction with the nervous or immune systems. These studies are crucial for understanding tumor formation and development. If we analyze cell proliferation, survival and migration, and impairments in these phenomena in cancerous cells, we can shed light on how cancerous cells develop. By identifying and characterizing key molecules controlling these phenomena in normal cells, our researchers will be able to pinpoint the biomarkers for the different stages of cancer and improve early diagnosis of the disease. Thanks to collaboration with chemists and structural biologists at the Institut Pasteur, new pharmacological compounds can be developed to block these impairments in cancerous cells. Department of Cell Biology & Infection Anne Dejean The maintenance of cell identity and how it is subverted in cancer are essential questions in biology and medicine. Cell identity is dictated by specific gene expression programs mediated and reinforced by epigenetic processes. This lab is interested in the epigenetic and cellular mechanisms underlying the development of human cancers with a particular emphasis on the chromatin role played by the post-translational modification of proteins by the smal protein SUMO. This modification, called sumoylation, was shown in the lab to be essential for the efficient cure of some types de human leukemia. These studies are expected to advance our knowledge on the basics of sumoylation biology and to precise the role of SUMO-related mechanisms in normal and cancer states, with a vision toward targeting this druggable pathway for cancer treatment. See the website Arnaud Echard Cytokinesis is the last step of cell division and leads to the physical separation of two daughter cells. Failure in cytokinesis results in the formation of genetically unstable tetraploid, then aneuploid cells, which promotes tumorigenesis in vivo. Importantly, it is sestimated that 40% of human carcinomas are derived from tetraploid cells, likely due to cytokinesis failure. Araud Echard’s lab currently works identifying the complete set of proteins essential for cytokinesis in human cells. They recently identified a tumor suppressor gene playing a role in normal abscission, the final step of cytokinesis as well as numerous proteins involved in cytoskeleton remodeling and involved in disease. They also aim at understanding how abscission is monitored by a molecular pathway termed the abscission checkpoint, also called “NoCut checkpoint“ that prevents the formation of tetraploid cells in case of chromosomes fail to properly segregated between daughter cells. Finally, they identified new mechanisms involved both in cytokinetic abscission and budding of enveloped viruses. Key words: cell division, cytokinesis, cell biology, cytoskeleton See the website Sandrine Etienne-Manneville Mechanisms of tumor cell migration and tumor invasion Cancer cells are characterized by their increased proliferation and also by their invasive capacity which allows the tumor to spread and eventually leads to metastasis. The Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer unit aims at identifying the key alterations that are responsible for cancer cell migratory properties. The team essentially focuses on glioblastomas which is the most frequent and invasive brain tumor, observed in adults and also in children. The team projects focus on two major aspects of cell migration: 1- The control of cell polarity and the establishment of a front-to-rear axis. Cancer cells frequently display an alteration of polarity which during migration is reflected by a less directed, less persistent migration. Characterizing the molecular alterations responsible for the perturbed polarity in these cells could be used to identify invasive tumors 2- The cytoskeletal rearrangements. The cytosqueleton forms intracellular filamentous networks which are at the core of cell migration by contributing to cell adhesion, cell protrusion, contraction and traction forces. The scientists are investigating the specificity of the tumor cell cytoskeleton in order to identify therapeutic target that will block tumor cell invasion. Key words: invasion, glioblastomas, mechanobiology, cytoskeleton, tumor suppressors See the website Pascal Pineau Mutation spectra in these tumors are different from that of other liver cancers and multi-omics analysis revealed a unique molecular signature. While genome-wide hypomethylation is viewed as a transversal hallmark of all hepatocellular subtypes , we observed an overwhelming upward methylation shift in Peruvian liver cancer. Functional enrichment analyses of differentially methylated genes revealed DNA methylation shift on genes originally identified in human embryonic stem cells as targets of PRC2 usually presenting H3K27(me3) marks. Furthermore, de novo hydroxymethylation outlined once more the crucial role of PRC2 in Peruvian hepatocellular carcinoma. A large proportion of these genes including several members of the homeobox-containing family (IRX4HOXD9HOXD12, SOX17, and PAX6) were downregulated in tumors. Taken together, the young age of patients, the involvement of PRC2, and the low mutation rate suggests that Peruvian liver cancer is primarily the consequence of cell programming defects affecting putative progenitors rather than the outcome of mutation accumulation. Key words: liver, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatitis viruses, omics See the website Thomas Wollert Role of autophagy in cancer Autophagy is a pivotal recycling pathway in cells. Its relationship to cancer is ambiguous and not entirely understood. On the one hand, autophagy is known to support the malignant degeneration of cells and the growth of KRAS driven cancers. On the other hand, autophagy promotes genome integrity and thus protects from malignant degeneration. Furthermore, autophagy plays important functions in cancer stem cells. Thomas Wollert’s team investigates molecular principles of autophagy with a focus on pluripotent cells. The goal of his research team is to reveal insights into the complex relationship between cancer and autophagy as well as the role of autophagy in regulating stemness. Key words: autophagy, LC3 proteins, membrane trafficking `See the website Chiara Zurzolo Understanding the role of tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) in tumor networking, heterogeneity and resistance to therapy. Glioblastoma and neuroblastoma are well characterized for tumor heterogeneity and ability to transdifferentiate following therapeutic treatment, which results in therapy resistance and development of a more aggressive phenotype. This team hypothesizes that TNT-like structures have a major role in the establishment of their heterogeneity and progression and might be instrumental for their treatment. Thus by using a multidisciplinary approach combining cell biology, quantitative imaging and transcriptomic, our major aim is to evaluate the participation and consequences of TNT-based communication into these cancer’s networking. Key words: glioblastoma, tumor heterogeneity, intercellular networking, tumor organoids, therapy resistance See the website Department of Computational Biology Benno Schwikowski Understanding ovarian tumor heterogeneity Even though most ovarian cancer patients initially respond well to surgery or chemotherapy, most unfortunately relapse due to the presence of — sometimes few — drug-resistant cancer cells. As part of the cross-disciplinary HERCULES consortium, this team aims to elucidate the different molecular bases of this resistance, and to develop new analytical strategies to combat resistance on the basis of an understanding of patient and tumor heterogeneity. Their work builds on data-driven, computational models of resistance that are informed by novel technologies, such as single-cell transcriptomics. See the website Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Laure Bally-Cuif Cellular quiescence and cancer (NSC quiescence control mechanisms and glioblastoma) This team is focusing on the molecular mechanisms controlling neural stem cell (NSC) quiescence in vivo. Its experimental model is the adult brain of the zebrafish, which is enriched in quiescent NSCs. They identified several molecular pathways promoting NSC quiescence, notably Notch3 signaling and a nuclear mechanism involving microRNA-9, which both appear upregulated in glioblastoma stem cells. They also provided evidenced for the existence of quiescence sub-states, which remain to be molecularly identified, and linked with the specific quiescence status of cancer stem cells. They address these issues in collaboration with M. Gabut (CRCL, Lyon) by conducting parallel scRNAseq and functional analyses in NSCs in vivo and in glioblastoma stem cells in vitro, cultured as “tumospheres” or “tumorganoids”. Key words: neural stem cell, quiescence, notch3, zebrafish See the website Romain Levayer Cell competition and its role in pre-tumoral cell expansion Recent advances in single cell sequencing have revealed the strong heterogeneity of tumours and the essential role of the microenvironement in tumour progression. This includes competitive interactions between the tumoural cells and their neighbours and the competitive interactions within the tumours between clonal populations. While several theoretical works have suggested that those interactions will influence the growth of tumours and the emergence of drug resistant populations, the characterization of the molecular basis of such competitive interactions are still lacking. The team uses a combination of quantitative experiments in Drosophila and simulations to understand how mechanical stress contribute to such competitive interactions between pretumoural cells. A better understanding of the conditions allowing mechanical competition and the pathways involved in such interactions may help to better adapt cancer therapy and avoid the expansion of drug resistant populations. Key words: cell competition, apoptosis, pretumoural cell expansion, mechanics, epithelium See the website Han Li Crosstalk between cellular senescence and cellular plasticity during mammary tumorigenesis and breast cancer Recent studies revealed that certain cancer cells are remarkably plastic, which contributes significantly to the cancer heterogeneity and resistance to therapy. How cellular plasticity is induced in cancerous cells is poorly understood. Cellular senescence is a form of stress response characterized by a stable cell-cycle arrest and is an essential tumor suppression mechanism, while the accumulation of senescent cells in the tumor could further promote tumorigenesis. The team proposes that senescence provides critical signals to induce cancer cell plasticity, with a particular focus on breast cancer. Elucidating the interplay between cellular senescence and plasticity in tumorigenesis will shed new lights on various aspects of cancer biology, including the initiation, progression and metastasis. Key words: mammary gland development, breast cancer, cellular senescence, cellular plasticity, organoid See the website Pablo Navarro-Gil How transcription factors regulate the epigenomic landscape and orchestrate the behaviour of regulatory networks under different environmental constraints? Many cancer cells are “transcriptionally addicted”: their proliferation and survival strictly depends on transcription factors (TFs). Yet, during mitosis the chromatin is modified, condensed and re-arranged, leading to the dismantlement of TF-based gene regulatory processes. How do then cancer cells rapidly restart transcription after mitosis? Thanks to a label from the Ligue Contre le Cancer, we are studying the possibility that mitotic bookmarking processes based on the ability of certain TFs to mitotically bind its targets enable the rapid jumpstart of transcription after mitosis. See the website Pauline Speder In vivo analysis and manipulation of an invasive brain tumour Fast amplification and high invasiveness make brain tumours very aggressive. The cancer stem cells they contain are able to disseminate and re-initiate the tumour. These cells act as super-competitors, equipped to both destroy and hijack healthy cells, ultimately creating a cellular niche beneficial to tumoural growth and invasion. How the tumour remodels the healthy tissue to its needs, and at the opposite, how the healthy tissue resists, are currently very poorly understood. This team’s project aims to decipher the core cellular mechanisms supporting these interactions, taking advantage of a genetically amenable, simpler and fully in vivo model, the fruit fly. They are especially focusing on i) the role of glia and blood-brain barrier populations in the dissemination process, and ii) the ability of the healthy tissue to resist to tumoural growth, and whether it can be reinforced. Key words: central nervous system, cancer stem cells, microenvironment, invasion, drosophila See the website Shahragim Tajbakhsh Cancer cachexia and muscle stem cells This unit investigates metabolic variations and asymmetric cell divisions of stem cells to identify key regulators of stem cell self-renewal and commitment in normal mice and tumour bearing mice in cachexia condition. Cancer cachexia, which accompanies a variety of cancer types and results in diminished quality of life, can be considered as a metabolic disease that is mainly caused by reduced energy intake and metabolic activity. Two major objectives define the program of the scientists: 1) They assess the metabolic requirements of myogenic cells in young and aged normal and cachexic mice to understand how certain stem cells escape disease. They use this information to identify factors that confer resistance of certain muscles to cachexia; 2) Genes that have tumor suppressor function have been shown to regulate asymmetric cell divisions. They will therefore investigate in detail how asymmetric cell divisions contribute to self-renewal of muscle stem cells. They will then examine how their genetic and epigenetic properties are altered during regeneration in normal and cachectic mice. Key words: cancer cachexia, stem cells, asymmetric cell division, niche, metabolism See the website Department of Genomes and Genetics Benoit Arcangioli Genetics of quiescence (Génétique de la quiescence) The cancer stem cell CSC model suggests that cancer arises from few mutations in an adult stem cell or a more differentiated cell type that can acquire a mitotic potential that results in clonal expansion. However, when and how such mutations are generated is not fully understood. Benoît Arcangioli’s team is working on the genetics of quiescence using Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a model organism and described the mutational rate and spectrum in this non-proliferating state. They recently isolated a novel class of long-term survivors during quiescence. A group of 9 mutants in the stress/mitogen-activated protein kinase (S/MAPK) pathway can reach 10% to 50% of an aged clonal population. Members of the S/MAPK genes were described previously both as oncogenes and tumor suppressors. The team found that these mutants are able to exit quiescence and resume growth much faster than the wild-type cells. This project might help to understand the mechanisms underlying metastatic relapse and reactivation. Key words: quiescence, mutations, S/MAPK, RpoS, adaptation, kin selection See the website Romain Koszul HBV integration in hepatocellular carcinoma cancer cells and 3D genome organization The team "spatial regulation of genomes" is investigating the funtional regulation of chromosome folding, and how it can affect cellular processes. We study how viruses can affect the organization of chromosomes of their host cells following infection, sometimes directly through the integration of the viral sequence into the host genome. In collaboration with Dr. Christine Neuveut (IGH, Montpellier), we notably investigate how the Hepatitis B virus HBV, which can be associated with liver cancer, disturbs the chromatin upon its integration into the cell genome. The disorganization of the chromatin can lead to rewiring of genetic networks that deregulate the metabolism of the cell. We are trying to infer whether these changes can be associated with tumorogenesis. Key words: DNA repair, chromosome folding, genome organization, oncovirus See the website Department of Immunology Andres Alcover Importance of the tumor suppressor Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) in anti-tumor immunity Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is a tumor suppressor gene whose mutations are associated with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis and colorectal cancer. APC controls intestinal epithelial cell homeostasis. APC mutations are therefore a main cause of colorectal cancer. However, the role of APC in immune cell functions needed for antitumor immunity is ill defined. This team studied human T lymphocytes expressing lower levels of APC, lymphocytes from polyposis patients carrying APC mutations and APC mutant mice, and unveiled several cellular functions compromised by APC defects. For instance, cytoskeleton organization, T lymphocyte interaction with other cells, polarization, migration and activation of cytokine genes. As a consequence, key events needed for tumor control by the immune system, including regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation and anti-inflammatory function in the intestine, cytotoxic T cell (CTL) functions, as lytic granule targeting and killing of tumor target cells, and lymphocyte cell adhesion and migration were affected. Hence, patients carrying APC mutations might have diminished anti-tumor defenses. The team is currently performing a larger study of immune responses of familial polyposis patients using a variety of cutting-edge assays in immune cells from blood samples. Key words: adenomatous polyposis coli, T lymphocytes, anti-tumor immunity, cell migration, cytoskeleton See the website Ludovic Deriano DNA repair regulation and maintenance of genome integrity DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are toxic cellular lesions that must be efficiently repaired to maintain genome stability and prevent cancer. Cancer cells frequently harbor somatic mutations leading to defective DNA repair causing genomic instability and promoting tumor onset and evolution. Defective DNA repair can also be therapeutically exploited as DNA repair deficient tumor cells, but not healthy cells in normal tissues, rely on compensatory pathways to survive endogenous or cancer therapy-related genotoxic stress. Although promising and recently exemplified with the use of PARP inhibitors for cancer treatment, therapeutically exploiting DNA repair is still in its infancy and its success will rely on our deep knowledge of complex DNA damage response mechanisms, a major focus in this laboratory. Specifically, the researchers study physiological immune receptor gene recombination processes in lymphocytes to unravel general DNA repair regulation, understand the origin of somatic mutations in cancers and ultimately identify new therapeutic opportunities. They currently work on the following projects: 1) Deciphering DSB repair regulation in lymphocytes through genetics and proteomics 2) Characterization of novel DNA repair genes implicated in cancer therapy resistance 3) Understand the origin of somatic structural variations in cancer genomes Key words: genome integrity, DNA double-strand break response and repair, antigen receptor diversification, lymphoid cancers, cancer mutations See the website Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry Pierre Lafaye The recent observation that nanobodies could cross cell membranes and bring cargos inside the cells also suggest that the targeting of an intracellular epitope should be feasible. This is why this team will develop intracellular nanobodies detecting specific nuclear factors in live cells allowing the simultaneous detection of transcription and intense replication stress. Transcription will be monitored with nanobodies developed against phosphorylated C-terminal domain (CTD) of the large subunit of Pol II (RPB1) (markers of chromatin bound and elongating Pol II), or against non-phosphorylated CTD (a marker of total nuclear Pol II), and the severity of replication stress will be monitored by nanobodies raised against gamma-H2AX and hyper-phosphorylated RPA. See the website Department of Virology Jean-Pierre Vartanian / Simon Wain-Hobson Somatic DNA mutator enzymes targeting in Liver Cancer Cancer genomics has shown beyond doubt that cancer is a mutational process. The only surprise is the sheer numbers of mutations and rearrangements – up to 1.5 million mutations in a cancer genome. These mutations are frequently associated with a molecular footprint that helps link them to the mutagen. What are the sources of these mutations? The unit was the first to show that the human genome encodes two DNA mutator enzymes that can turn on chromosomal DNA. These mutator enzymes are called APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B and leave a characteristic and unmistakable mutational footprint in a sizeable fraction of cancer genomes. Mutations are remorsely accumulated by hundreds of successive waves of mutation spread out over several decades. The team will identify this ongoing mutational process in pre-tumorous tissue. As hepatocellular carcinoma is generally preceded by cirrhosis. Cirrhotic tissue at different stages of advancement with respect to the moment of infection by Hepatitis B virus will be studied. The study will demonstrate that an end stage HCC reflects the growth of a liver cell that got into the mutational fast lane and outgrew other genetically wounded cells that accumulated mutations less quickly. This knowledge should help understand resistance of the cirrhotic liver to drug and immunotherapies for somatic mutations change biologic processes impacting complex protein networks. The study will be particularly relevant for all diseases involving chronic inflammation. We expect that to be far more somatic mutation that hitherto recognized and should bear light on the ageing process itself. See the Website Back to top
The role of microgrids in India India Flag India is a growing country of 1.3 billion people. The energy needs are increasing and people from all corners of the country have started engaging in small businesses and demanding better infrastructure. The country, however, only provided electricity to 85% of the population until 2016; consequently, more than 200 million people were disconnected from a power grid. Microgrids are small and localized versions of a power grid for regions with no or poor central grid connection. Long before the concept caught up with the world, people in India were using microgrids and minigrids with diesel generators. In the absence of electricity, they were powering small commercial facilities, farms and villages. But now, the focus has moved towards making the microgrids renewable-powered and expanding their reach. Status of electrification In 2018, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi declared India a 100% electrified country. However, this claim is based on a definition that many may not agree with, and is sometimes challenged by the beneficiaries themselves. A village is declared 100% electrified when 10% of all homes and public offices get electricity. While this is a big step in connecting a village to a central grid, it does not really mean that 100% of the population is getting electricity. This is where microgrids come in. For villages sparsely connected to the grid, or getting irregular power supply and frequent blackouts, microgrids are an opportunity to continue with everyday tasks of life. Local people value the uninterrupted electricity that they offer and are ready to pay for their benefits. As an example, in a village in Jharkhand, many people are purchasing electricity through a solar-battery powered microgrid, despite having a grid connection at home. The reason for this is due to the frequent power cuts that can last for days and disrupt small businesses like a local store or a poultry farm. Microgrids are not as popular in bigger towns and cities as they are in more distant and smaller locations, despite irregular power connections. These cities are well-connected to the central grid, so perhaps residents have hopes of getting uninterrupted power one day and do not see much benefit in investing in an alternate system. However, to deal with blackouts, it is common to use diesel generators. Economic benefits and challenges Economics is the reason why such a large population has remained without a central power grid. The demand from some sparsely populated regions, where the capacity to pay bills is low, does not justify the investments on the supply side, as building a complete transmission and distribution system takes up immense land and money. The generation costs in a microgrid depend on location, capacity, installation costs, etc., and so it is difficult to generalize the price per kWh from a microgrid. Although microgrids have their benefits, the electricity is not cheap. Combining with storage to counter the intermittent nature of renewable sources often makes them costlier than grid electricity. For example, in a 2016 study at Stanford, it was concluded that the average price of grid electricity in village in Gujarat is $0.06/kWh; however, the integration of a solar-battery microgrid would cost the village up to $0.38/kWh. Nevertheless, renewables would still be a good replacement against diesel-only power generation that can cost up to $0.57/kWh. Some believe that the benefits outweigh the additional cost. The electricity eventually enables local shopkeepers to stay open for longer, as they no longer depend on the daylight. In a nation with agriculture as the dominant source of livelihood, electricity from microgrids has also promoted a shift to solar pumps. Despite all benefits, setting up a formal network of microgrids in India is not without its own challenges. There are regulatory and bureaucratic hurdles to cross, as well as the challenge of educating people who are receiving electricity for the first time, and encouraging them to adopt a non-wasteful behavior. From a business perspective, there are challenges around scalability, power theft and an eventual extension of the central grid. States often do not disclose how the central grid will expand, making microgrid investments tricky for developers. In many cases, microgrids also face high O&M costs due to little availability of local technicians to look after the systems. Microgrids in India India has installed solar microgrids providing around 2MW of electricity so far but has ambitious plans. While the earlier plan of constructing microgrids to provide 500MW worth of power by 2022 was shelved, the government soon plans to create a new policy. Large private investments are flowing in too, such as the partnership between Tata Power and Rockefeller Foundation to set up 10,000 microgrids by 2026. This project is expected to support 100,000 rural enterprises, create 10,000 new green jobs and provide irrigation for over 400,000 local farmers. Role of microgrids in India’s clean electricity Microgrids have the potential to boost the economy by bringing electricity to remote, Tier 2 and Tier 3 regions and allowing small-medium businesses to grow. For example, in remote Himalayan regions of Ladakh, solar microgrids have boosted tourism income by about $24,000 in close to two years of being deployed. India currently has a generation capacity of 375GW with 70% coming from coal. As this system, hopefully, plans for an overhaul and more clean energy comes in, a mix of central grid and microgrid should be looked at to fulfill the need. As noted by Prof. Mahesh Bhave, based on some approximate numbers, this can be achieved with 85,000 2MW microgrids, providing 170GW at a cost of $430 billion. To put this number in perspective, it takes $2 billion to construct a 1.6-GW coal plant in India. Generation is therefore cheaper than microgrids, but it is worth remembering that the cost of the latter is coming down quickly with time as more scale is reached. Coal also enjoys more government subsidies than renewables and places an enormous burden on climate and local environment, which is unaccounted for in its cost. To conclude, as India plans to bring power to more and more people, it is important that this expansion happens with green resources in a way that takes us towards a decentralized smart grid and promotes local businesses without impacting the environment. So the question is not of why, but how, to make that happen. Previous articleConstruction begins on NYPA’s second large-scale storage project Next articleMitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems rebrands, drops Hitachi and systems Priya works in the space of cleantech in the Bay Area and writes on topics related to the environment, energy and climate change. She tweets at @priyaggarwal28 No posts to display
Skip to main content workplace award It’s important to clean away negative thoughts to reduce stress.Shane White/Getty Images/iStockphoto This is part of a series looking at microskills – changes that employees can make to help improve their health and life at work and at home, and employers can make to improve the workplace. The Globe and Mail and Morneau Shepell have created the Employee Recommended Workplace Award to honour companies that put the health and well-being of their employees first. Register your company now at When you lie down to go to sleep at night, is your mind clear and ready to rest? It takes 10 to 20 minutes for most of us to fall asleep. For people struggling, there are sleep best practices a person can develop that can help them a better night's sleep such as designing a bedtime routine to shift gears at the end of the day to help them settle down and turn off their mind. Cognitive hygiene – basically a way of positively managing your thoughts – is a microskill that focuses on the daily action of cleaning out unhelpful thoughts. This skill supports both mental health and sleep. The average person has 50,000 to 70,000 thoughts per day; that's around 35 to 48 per minute. With this much mental activity, it's normal to have moments where you feel overwhelmed and distracted. More problematic are negative thoughts about ourselves. When these thoughts are left unchecked and become repetitive and ingrained, they can negatively impact our perceptions, decisions and actions both at work and at home. Here are three steps to clean out unwanted thoughts and practice better cognitive hygiene. Be clear of the value and reason that it's in your best interest to practice cognitive hygiene every day. Did you have any negative thoughts about yourself today, such as, "I'm weak; I'm a failure; I'm no good; no one likes me"? Sadly, these kinds of automatic thoughts are quite normal. It's what we do with them that's important. Negative thoughts can grow and when left unchecked can hurt our total health, which includes our physical and mental health. We own our mental health, which can be influenced by genetics, life and work experiences and daily thoughts. Cognitive hygiene is the daily action of cleaning out thoughts that are not helpful. Similar to brushing your teeth each day, it's much easier to deal with one day's worth of bacteria than ignoring it and dealing with the consequences six months down the road. Accountability is owning what you can directly control: your thinking. Begin by flagging negative thoughts and acknowledging that they are not helpful. Once you do this, practice making the self-statement, "This thought is not helpful to my health and happiness so it can go." Many unwanted thoughts are automatic and with practice they can be removed as quickly as they form. Owning your thoughts puts you in a position to move from being an observer to the driver of what you think. The more you practice cognitive hygiene daily, the better you will be at dismissing unwanted thoughts. If you struggle with negative thoughts, you may benefit from taking a course in coping skills that focuses on managing negative thinking. The following approach may help you get on track to turn off stubborn, unwanted thoughts: 1. Write out the thought on a piece of paper. 2. Ask why you are having this thought now (such as someone said it to you; it's based on personal or work experience, or you're not sure). 3. In a safe and quiet spot, read the thought out loud. 4. Write out the emotions that are associated with this thought. 5. On a scale of one (low) to 10 (high), how true do you believe this thought is? 6. Try to understand how the thought is impacting you. 7. Is there anything stopping you from turning off this thought and accepting that it's not in your best interest? 8. For stubborn thoughts that you believe you can't simply turn off, repeat the above process for three days, using a coping journal. 9. If after three days you can't remove the unwanted thought and it's causing you stress, anxiety or depression, you may benefit from professional support. It's normal to feel apprehensive or to feel the stigma related to these thoughts. One in five Canadians are at mental health risk. Of the individuals at risk, only one out of three seeks professional help. Bring the work you've done to your professional counsellor to help him or her understand your experience and challenge. The ultimate goal of daily cognitive hygiene is proactively challenging negative thoughts to reduce their impact on your total health. Bill Howatt is the chief research and development officer of work force productivity with Morneau Shepell in Toronto. He is also the president of Howatt HR Consulting and founder of TalOp, in Kentville, N.S. This series supports The Globe and Mail and Morneau Shepell's Employee Recommended Workplace Award. This award recognizes employers who have the healthiest, most engaged and most productive employees. It promotes a two-way accountability model where an employer can support employees to have a positive workplace experience. You can find all the stories in this series at this link: Report an error Editorial code of conduct Tickers mentioned in this story
Module Catalogues Introduction to Separation Sciences Module Title Introduction to Separation Sciences Module Level Level 3 Module Credits 2.50 Academic Year 2018/19 Semester SEM2 Aims and Fit of Module This course covers the theory and application of common separation techniques in use in chemistry. The main focus is however, on chromatographic techniques. Detail theoretical background and instrumentation for HPLC and GC will be given. Learning outcomes A Explain the terminology used in separation sciences B Describe the general methods used for separation of mixtures and select the most appropriate one in industry and research settings C Discuss the principles governing the separation of molecules and ions in chromatography D Explain plate number and separation power of column E Discuss the key configuration of HPLC and GC F Critically discuss the principle of electrophoresis G Discuss the application of these separation techniques in industries and research settings Method of teaching and learning Lectures, tutorial and course works
Sciency websites From Abracadabra to Zombies vampiresound icon In a nutshell: A vampire is a creature in stories who needs the blood of others to stay alive. At Halloween, vampire costumes sell well. vampire costume for HalloweenA vampire is a mythical person whose body doesn't make enough blood. A mythical person is one who exists only in stories. To stay alive, the vampire must get blood from somewhere. Since the vampire can't walk into the blood bank and ask for a pint, he or she must take it from a creature that has blood. These days, stories about vampires usually describe him or her as having large incisors that look like fangs and are used for biting others in the neck. Storytellers sometimes give vampires special powers, like the ability to fly. Weaknesses include fear of sunlight, garlic, and religious symbols. Some say that the only way to kill a vampire is to drive a special stake through its heart. The heart is a pump that circulates blood, bringing oxygen and nutrients to your body’s organs, including your brain. Driving a stake through the heart would probably kill anyone. Writers of popular books, movies, and television shows about vampires describe them in many different ways, so there is no one set of qualities that every vampire has. There are many folk legends of bloodsucking creatures throughout history and around the world, such as the story of the werewolf. Bram Stoker's Dracula, written in 1897, was one of the first popular books with a vampire as a key figure. More than 100 years later, vampire stories are still very popular. Why? Your guess is as good as mine. Some think we like to scare ourselves with stories so we can get our minds off things that really scare us, like dying. Some think we like stories of creatures with special powers, like the power to live forever. Some people try to scare others by trying to look like they think vampires look. People have lots of ideas why they think vampire stories are popular. What do you think? Why do so many people like vampire stories? And why are vampire masks and costumes so popular at Halloween? Last updated 28-Nov-2012 further reading The consumption of blood is scientifically known as haematophagy, and an organism that feeds partially or exclusively on blood is haematophagous. Check out the website Top 10 Vampiric Creatures for details about such things as fleas, leeches, and vampire bats. For more on your heart and blood circulation see kidshealth.org. back Home previous urine therapy \| werewolf next Sciency Books
background preloader Roman mosaic depicting Orpheus, wearing a Phrygian cap and surrounded by the beasts charmed by the music of his lyre. Orpheus (/ˈɔrfiːəs/ or /ˈɔrfjuːs/; Ancient Greek: Ὀρφεύς) was a legendary musician, poet, and prophet in ancient Greek religion and myth. The major stories about him are centered on his ability to charm all living things and even stones with his music, his attempt to retrieve his wife, Eurydice, from the underworld, and his death at the hands of those who could not hear his divine music. As an archetype of the inspired singer, Orpheus is one of the most significant figures in the reception of classical mythology in Western culture, portrayed or alluded to in countless forms of art and popular culture including poetry, opera, and painting.[1] Background[edit] The earliest literary reference to Orpheus is a two-word fragment of the sixth-century BC lyric poet Ibycus: onomaklyton Orphēn ("Orpheus famous-of-name"). Mythology[edit] Early life[edit] Travelling as an Argonaut[edit] Related: Metamorphoses by Ovid--- Proserpina Ancient Roman goddess Cult and myths[edit] Origin as Libera[edit] Libera was officially identified with Proserpina in 205 BC, when she acquired a Romanised form of the Greek mystery rites and their attendant mythology. Hermes ancient Greek god of boundaries, roads, merchants, and thieves Hermes (; Greek: Ἑρμῆς) is a deity in ancient Greek religion and mythology. Hermes is considered the herald of the gods, as well as the protector of human heralds, travellers, thieves,[1] merchants, and orators.[2][3] He is able to move quickly and freely between the worlds of the mortal and the divine, aided by his winged sandals. Hermes plays the role of the psychopomp or "soul guide" — a conductor of souls into the afterlife.[4][5] His attributes and symbols include the herma, the rooster, the tortoise, satchel or pouch, talaria (winged sandals), and winged helmet or simple petasos, as well as the palm tree, goat, the number four, several kinds of fish, and incense.[9] However, his main symbol is the caduceus, a winged staff intertwined with two snakes copulating and carvings of the other gods.[10] His attributes had previously influenced the earlier Etruscan god Turms, a name borrowed from the Greek "herma".[11] Ptolemy III Euergetes Ptolemy III Euergetes (Greek: Πτολεμαίος Εὐεργέτης Ptolemaios Euergetes "Ptolemy the Benefactor"; c. 280 – November/December 222 BC) was the third king of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt from 246 to 222 BC. The Ptolemaic Kingdom reached the height of its power during his reign. Ptolemy III was the eldest son of Ptolemy II Philadelphus and his first wife Arsinoe I. When Ptolemy III was young, his mother was disgraced and he was removed from the succession. He was restored as heir to the throne in the late 250s BC and succeeded his father as king without issue in 246 BC. Pygmalion Pygmalion or Pigmalion may refer to: Mythology[edit] Stage[edit] Napoleon Imperial Standard of Napoleon I Napoléon Bonaparte (/nəˈpoʊliən, -ˈpoʊljən/;[2] French: [napɔleɔ̃ bɔnapaʁt], born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the latter stages of the French Revolution and its associated wars. As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1814 and again in 1815. Napoleon dominated European affairs for almost two decades while leading France against a series of coalitions in the Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. Ptolemy II Philadelphus Ptolemy II Philadelphus (Greek: Πτολεμαίος Φιλάδελφος, Ptolemaios Philadelphos "Ptolemy, lover of his sister"; 308/9 – 28 January 246 BCE) was the pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt from 283 to 246 BCE. He was the son of Ptolemy I Soter, the Macedonian Greek general of Alexander the Great who founded the Ptolemaic Kingdom after the death of Alexander, and queen Berenice I, originally from Macedon in northern Greece. During Ptolemy II's reign, the material and literary splendour of the Alexandrian court was at its height. Pyramus and Thisbe Plot[edit] In Ovid's Metamorphoses, Pyramus and Thisbe are two lovers in the city of Babylon who occupy connected houses/walls, forbidden by their parents to be wed, because of their parents' rivalry. Through a crack in one of the walls, they whisper their love for each other. They arrange to meet near Ninus' tomb under a mulberry tree and state their feelings for each other. Thisbe arrives first, but upon seeing a lioness with a mouth bloody from a recent kill, she flees, leaving behind her veil. Mencius A key belief of his was that humans are innately good, but that this quality requires cultivation and the right environment to flourish. He also taught that rulers must justify their position of power by acting benevolently towards their subjects, and in this sense they are subordinate to the masses. Life[edit]
• it • es • de • si • fr • eu • se Ship to United States Bidet History Bidet History The earliest known written reference to the bidet is dated 1710. The bidet originated in France, at a time when full body bathing was done once a week. It was invented to cleanse the 'private' areas of the body, in-between regularly scheduled baths. In 1750, the bidet à seringue appeared. It provided an upward spray through the use of a hand-pump fed by a reservoir. Until the 1900's the bidet was confined to the bedroom, along with the chamber pot (a bucket that served as a toilet.) Modern plumbing brought the bidet into the bathroom. Where it sits next to the toilet. Popularity of the Bidet In continental Europe, the usefulness of the bidet is fully understood and is considered to be as important in the bathroom as the toilet and the tub - no well equipped home is without one. However, most Americans have never seen a bidet. Those who have, generally observed them in upscale hotels, either in the U.S. or in Europe. Rare is the American home that actually has one! To some, this seems a bit strange, considering the American preoccupation with cleanliness. But the majority of Americans start their day in the shower, rather than visit the bathtub once a week. Thus the use of the bidet for personal hygiene has not yet taken on an important role in America. It is interesting to note, that American plumbing manufacturers are among the top producers of bidets, and almost all of these are exported to other countries. Who uses them and why? The bidet can and is be used by both men and women. Bidets offer the user a hands-free and supposedly superior water wash in place of the wiping and occasionally irritating action of toilet paper. An invaluable aid to person hygiene, the bidet is gaining popularity among senior citizens, the disabled and those with impaired motor functions. or incontinence. Bidets are also used for sitz baths. A sitz bath (also called a hip bath) is a type of bath in which only the hips and buttocks are soaked in water or saline solution. Its name comes from the German verb sitzen, meaning to sit A sitz bath is used for patients who have had surgery in the area of the rectum, or to ease the pain of hemorrhoids, uterine cramps, prostate infections, painful ovaries, and/or testicles. It is also used to ease discomfort from infections of the bladder, prostate, or vagina. Inflammatory bowel diseases are also treated with sitz baths. In America, the bidet has developed an aura of indelicacy, largely due to its primary use - to clean the private body parts. But the bidet can be used for anything a wash basin is used for. From foot baths, to hand washing clothes, to soaking tennis shoes! The Modern Bidet Today's bidet is a sit-down wash basin. Usually made from vitreous china, it is styled to resemble the shape of the toilet. The bidet is placed next to the toilet in the bathroom, an arrangement meant to encourage personal hygiene. • There are four basic types of bidets: Over the Rim This model is fitted with a standard faucet. The bowl is filled with water the same way you fill a sink. This is generally the cheapest and simplest type to install. Having a rimless bowl makes easy to clean. Heated Rim (flushing rim) This unit has Hot/Cold handles on top, but the water enters the bowl below the rim of the basin. The more popular models are equipped with a spray, which provides a gentle shower. There are two type of sprays: Vertical which has a fountain jet in the center of the bowl, and horizontal, which has special over the rim spout that delivers a horizontal stream of water. There is a possible risk of water becoming contaminated from back siphonage created by spray fittings. These units must be installed using backflow prevention devices, and should be installed by a plumbing contractor. As usual, consult local building codes before installing. Some models combine the heated rim and a vertical spray option in one unit. Bidets are offered in a host of styles, from the traditional to the contemporary, matching the toilet. How do you use them? The conventional bidet is designed to be sat upon, legs astride, facing the taps (faucet). While sitting, you simply turn on the water. When the temperature is to your liking, you increase the pressure to direct a stream or spray of water towards those spots in need of cleansing. Some models are designed with seats, and the user sits on the bidet, the same way they would on a toilet. Controls for these models can be at the side, the front, or the rear of the unit. A wall mounted grab bar helps the user get up and down easily. To make it more convenient for the user, place a shelf near the bidet to hold soaps, wash clothes, and towels.
Question: What Are The Different Types Of Keys On A Keyboard? According to Function key Arrow keys Numeric keypad How many types of keys are on the keyboard? There are actually three different PC keyboards: the original PC keyboard with 84 keys, the AT keyboard also with 84 keys and the enhanced keyboard with 101 keys. The three differ somewhat in the placement of function keys, the control keys, the return key, and the shift key. What are the five categories of keys on a keyboard? There are Five types of computer keys: • Alphanumeric Keys: The term “alphanumeric” refers to either letters or numbers, but not symbols or command keys. • Punctuation Keys: The punctuation keys are the keys on the keyboard that relate to punctuation. • Navigation Keys: • Special Keys: What are the keys on a keyboard called? Keys on the computer keyboard – thesaurus 1. Alt key. noun. a computer key that you press together with another key so that the other key does something different from what it usually does. 2. arrow key. noun. 3. backspace. noun. 4. caps lock. noun. 5. character set. noun. 6. command key. noun. 7. control. noun. 8. control key. noun. How do I reset my keyboard? • Open Start and type in device manager . • Click. • Scroll down and expand Keyboard. • Select the keyboard that you want to reset. • Click the “Uninstall” icon. • Click OK when prompted. • Click the “Search for updates” button. • Select the keyboard again. How do I use the keyboard? Suggested clip 69 seconds Learn THE KEYBOARD Techniques – Basic Personal Computer Start of suggested clip End of suggested clip What do the F keys do? Where is key on the keyboard? The Windows key is a standard key on most keyboards on computers built to use a Windows operating system. It is labeled with a Windows logo, and is usually placed between the Ctrl and Alt keys on the left side of the keyboard; there may be a second identical key on the right side as well. Who invented keyboard? Christopher Latham Sholes What is the function of CTRL A to Z? Ctrl+Z → Undo an action. Ctrl+Y → Redo the last action or repeat an action. Ctrl+S → Save a document. Why is it called keyboard? The pressable controls on an original typewriter were originally called keys. The pressable controls on an original typewriter were originally called keys. When that layout was transferred to a computer keyboard they just kept the same name. Why is it called keys? De León named the islands Los Martires (“The Martyrs”), as they looked like suffering men from a distance. “Key” is derived from the Spanish word cayo, meaning small island. For many years, Key West was the largest town in Florida, and it grew prosperous on wrecking revenues.
AstraZeneca covid-19 vaccine may, or may not, be associated with blood clot formation While the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine has been in use in many countries around the world, recent fears surrounding a potentially related blood disorder have led to concern regarding the shot, which has resulted in a number of countries temporarily suspending its use. Last week, the "Ontario Covid-19 Science Advisory Table" released information documenting our current understanding of the disorder, dubbed (perhaps prematurely) as "vaccine-induced prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia," or VIPIT. (Note: prothrombotic means "encouraging of thick or clotted blood", thrombocytopenia is the medical term for a low number of platelets, the type of blood cell involved in clotting) Importantly, these results have not yet been peer-reviewed. The purported documented cases of VIPIT came from individuals who received the vaccine across various countries in Europe. As reported, the condition affected primarily women under 55 years old, but no clear predisposing risk factors were identified, including prior history of bleeding disorders. Furthermore, even if the condition truly is vaccine "induced" (rather than coincident, which at these numbers is hard to prove), the researchers estimate that the incidence of VIPIT would fall somewhere between 1 in 125,000 to 1 in 1 million vaccinated persons. Let's unpack the two primary clinically relevant components of VIPIT. The first aspect is a disease known as cerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT), which refers to blood clots forming in the veins surrounding the brain. Unlike strokes, which affect the arteries of the brain, CSVT is caused by blood clots in the veins. CVST is a rare disorder that primarily affects women under the age of 50. It is more often found in those who are already at high risk for blood clots due to underlying conditions, medications, or pregnancy. Its initial symptoms typically include a severe headache, sometimes with neurologic deficits, like weakness. It is rare, found in at most two people per 100,000 per year. And interestingly, of the 20 million people who have received the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine, only 18 cases have been identified. As mentioned above, this is actually a smaller percentage than the "background rate" expected in the general population. This calls into question whether the vaccine is causing these events or whether it is merely an innocent bystander. Thrombocytopenia, on the other hand, is significantly more common, and has numerous causes. The particular type found amongst those who received the vaccine is similar in nature to a disease called heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), which is an uncommon and paradoxical disorder that occurs after patients receive the blood thinning medication, heparin. Similar to the physiology in HIT, those who develop VIPIT are described as having developed antibodies that attack and destroy the body's own platelets, ultimately resulting in blood clotting (again, a paradox, as blood thinning and clotting are generally thought to be on opposite sides of the blood thickness spectrum). Once again, however, the rate of VIPIT does not seem to be any greater than the rate of a number of other forms of thrombocytopenia that would be expected among the same number of people who did not receive the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine. Ultimately, although VIPIT sounds frightening, there is simply not enough evidence to suggest a true causal relationship with the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine, nor even data to show that it is happening more frequently than would be expected amongst the general population. Before we truly think about shelving this particular vaccine, which has some significant storage and cost advantages, much more data should be required. Research Section Editor You've been vaccinated. Do you need a vaccine passport? The global coronavirus vaccination campaign is in full swing, with the United States having reached 100 million vaccines ahead of schedule. The Biden administration has since doubled its target, with the goal of reaching herd immunity and a return to "normal." But until that invisible line is crossed, the question remains, what does being vaccinated mean? There's no solid answer on that yet. But around the world, different solutions are being piloted. In the European Union, there is an effort to create a digital passport that would allow travel with fewer restrictions, similar to those launched in China and Saudi Arabia. In the United States, New York has launched an app-based pilot program to validate identity and vaccination status to access businesses and venues. The federal government is investigating the feasibility of a national registry for similar purposes as part of President Biden's coronavirus strategy. However, the use of any such passport needs to be considered carefully; in the United Kingdom there are concerns that negative incentivization could lead to further social division and exacerbation of societal divide. There is also the concern that passports could be forged. While the ultimate utility of the vaccine verification remains nebulous, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention strongly recommends that individuals keep their vaccine verification cards and take steps, like making multiple copies, and keeping a digital record to prevent the loss of their proof of vaccination. To support this effort, both Staples and Home Depot are offering to laminate the now iconic cards for free, adding to the wave of businesses incentivizing vaccinations. Various. • New Inspector General report shows healthcare system on the brink • US drops below 1,000 daily covid-19 deaths. But variants are taking over • CDC Director Warns the US Could See Another "Avoidable Surge" • CDC updates school distancing guidance • Pediatric coronavirus vaccines trials won't report on efficacy. Why that's not a problem and how to sign children up • Can vaccinated people who get coronavirus spread it? We will know sometime this year.
Secrecy, Acknowledgement, and War Escalation: A Study in Covert Competition The Ohio State University Austin Carson \| December 13, 2018 Why do states use secrecy? Specifically, why do great powers often seem to create a kind of “backstage” area around local conflicts? That is, why create a covert realm where external powers can meddle in local conflicts to pursue their security interests? This project generally analyzes how secrecy is used in international politics and why states are individually and collectively motivated to use it. Existing scholarship suggests states use secrecy to surprise their adversaries or insulate their leaders from dovish domestic political groups. I develop an alternative logic rooted in the desire to control conflict escalation risks. In the context of interventions in local conflicts by outside powers, I find intervening states use covert methods to maintain control over the perceptions and interpretations of outside audiences whose reactions determine the magnitude of external pressure on leaders to escalate further. Intervening in a secret, plausibly deniable manner makes restraint and withdrawal on the part of the intervening state easier. It also creates ambiguity about their role which can give the political space to responding states to ignore covert meddling and respond with restraint. Escalation control dynamics therefore make sense of why states intervene secretly and, more puzzling, why other states – even adversaries – may join in ignoring and covering up such covert activity (what I call “tacit collusion”).
Schnorr Signatures Make Bitcoin more Efficient It is finally possible that the cryptocurrency industry may have finally found a solution to the scalability problem existing on the blockchain. A research study has revealed how the implementation of Schnorr signatures can help in scaling the blockchain network. Blockchain Brief Blockchain technology is at the core of the bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. Whenever a user transfers bitcoin to another user over the network, all active nodes then update the transaction across the entire network. The blockchain can be simply defined as a public ledger of all transactions happening on a network at any point of time. Every user on the blockchain network has a wallet, and every wallet has two keys, a public key, and a private key. A user shares their public keys to receive bitcoins in his wallet and is best understood as the receiving address. Whenever a user transfers bitcoin from his wallet to the receivers wallet, the sender digitally signs the transaction. As soon as the blockchain records this transaction, it is then completed, and the receiver receives those bitcoins in his digital wallet. Every transaction happening over the blockchain network requires space and time for the transaction to be completed. Further, a transaction taking place between a single sender and receiver isn’t complicated. However, when there are multiple users sending bitcoin to a shared address, it is currently required that all senders individually sign transactions. This process of every sender having to individually sign each transaction is both time-consuming and needs additional bandwidth over the network. This validation mechanism also increases the transfer cost associated with the validation of the block containing this given transaction. This process also draws more resources from miners who are responsible for keeping the network running. Since more resources are needed to validate a transaction, it results in the cost rising too. In recent times, this increase has become a major technical problem for the network. The time taken to validate a transaction now takes much longer than before and is also much more expensive. A solution needs to be found if the blockchain industry wishes to have the adoption rates that it so desperately needs to continue growing. This is where Schnorr signatures can be helpful. A Schnorr signature is where multiple users transferring bitcoin to a common receiver all use the same signature. This makes the process less time-consuming and causes a transaction to occupy less space in a block, thereby reducing the transfer fee. Schnorr signatures also work on the multi-signature protocol. The multi-signature protocol was first introduced by Itakura and Nakamura and allows a group of signers to produce a single common signature on a message. This signature can be verified by using the public keys of the members of the group. Schnorr signatures will also help reduce the storage space and bandwidth on the network by an estimated 25 to 30 percent. As stated in the research: “Bitcoin today uses ECDSA signatures over the secp256k1 curve to authenticate transactions. As Bitcoin nodes fully verify all transactions signature size and verification time are important design considerations, while signing time is much less so.” The research further adds that signatures account for a large part of the size of Bitcoin transactions and this makes using multi-signatures much more appealing. Source: Read Full Article Leave a Reply
What is DNS Attack and How does DNS Attack Work? Supply Chain Attack DNS Attack is a type of cyber attack that takes advantage of domain name weakness or vulnerability. The Internet has become an important part of our lives today. Each aspect of our lives is around the internet, from banking to shopping to travel. Since the Web is commonly used, cybersecurity is a main concern for most web users because we hear news of cyber attacks every now and then. Cyber attacks are common nowadays. Even for many IT firms and businesses they are becoming a major headache. Several great names, such as Google, the New York Times, etc., have experienced cyber attacks in recent years. In this post today, we will learn about DNS attacks, how they operate and how to counter them. What is the DNS assault? In addition, DNS attacks are occurring when a hacker can recognize vulnerabilities in the domain name system (DNS). Hackers use vulnerabilities to enable DNS attack. For understand how DNS attacks actually operate, you will need to learn how DNS functions first. The domain name system is a protocol that interprets an alphabetic domain name into the IP address for those who do not know it. In short, the main function is to turn a user-friendly domain name into an IP address that is computer-friendly. How does DNS work? If a user types a domain name on the browser, the IP address of the domain name is retrieved by a program that is included in the operating system known as DNSresolver. 6 Cloud-Based DDoS Attack Prevention Tools for Your Website First, DNS solver searches its own local cache and checks whether it already has the domain IP address. If not present in the local cache, a DNS server is requested to verify that it knows the exact IP address for the domain. DNS servers operate in a loop, so that they can scan each other to find a DNS server that knows the right domain name IP address. Once the DNS resolver detects the IP address, the IP address is returned to the requesting application. For future use, DNS also caches domain address. While the domain name system is powerful, it seems to be less security-oriented. Perhaps this is why we find various types of DNS attacks. Server administrators must take some appropriate steps to minimize the risk of DNS attacks. You can use an upgraded DNS version and periodically duplicate servers. Users should flush their DNS cache to prevent security risks at a personal level. You can read a resourceful post at hostinger.com if you don’t know how to flush DNS. How are Hackers using DNS? The major problem with DNS is that if a hacker can find a way to substitute an authorized Website IP address with a rogue IP address on any account, then any user attempting to access that page will be sent a fake address. The user would have no idea that the wrong address is accessed. Google Dorks List 2021 - Latest SQL Dorks List One of the major problems with the DNS server setup is that it does not know its default configuration. Attackers benefit from this loophole. DNS Attack styles In recent years, a sudden rise in DNS attacks was observed. And this threat is not limited only to small websites. Several popular websites such as Reddit, Spotify and Twitter have also protested about thousands of their customers ‘ inaccessibility. As DNS attacks are becoming all too frequent, we should learn to identify DNS attacks so that we can handle the situation in a better. Let’s have a look at forms of DNS attacks. Zero-day attack–In this type of attack, the attacker exploits a formerly unknown flaw in the DNS server code or protocol stack. Fast Flux DNS–hackers swap high-frequency DNS records in and out to redirect DNS requests. This strategy also allows the intruder to escape detection. DNS-Spoofing–Spoofing of the DNS is known as contamination of the DNS cache. It is a form of computer security hacking. Attackers or hackers corrupt the whole DNS server by replacing the licensed IP address with the bogus IP address in the server’s cache. This way they divert the whole traffic to a malevolent website and gather the crucial information. This is one of the most common phishing techniques attacker use to steal the data. Since users type the correct domain address in their browsers, they never know that are accessing a fake or rogue website. CrowdStrike Launching a Free Community Edition of Humio and Falcon XDR It is therefore difficult to detect this attack. Often users can’t find it until the living time (TTL) expires. TTL or time to live until the DNS solver recalls the DNS question before it expires. The best method for preventing DNS cache poisoning attacks should be to clear the DNS cache from time to time. DDoS DNS Assault The attack from DDoS is known as a Denial-of-Service Distributed attack. It usually occurs when multiple systems inundate a targeted system’s resources. Attackers can use this attack on various types of systems, including the DNS server. A DDoS attack can crash the entire DNS server and prevent users from accessing the web. However, if they are saved in the local cache, they can access the websites they recently accessed. Attacking DNS servers can be an enormous network security issue. It should therefore not be taken lightly by companies. We need state-of – the-art protections to mitigate and deter the consequences of such attacks. How you defend this attack depends on the environmental role of your systems. You should, however, take the following steps. Get a regular overview of what is going on in a network. You can use IPFIX, NetFlow, etc., for the same software. DDoS attacks usually reach a network with a second rate inappropriate packet. Consider about some good solutions. Leave a Reply Previous Post Advanced Hacking Groups Advanced Hacking Groups Continue to Show the Old Evolve Next Post The 8 Best Internet Security and Hacking Professionals Technology Related Posts
Why is the United States’ decreasing? As improvements have been made in healthcare, sanitation, reduction of waste and many other areas, the life expectancy in the United States continued to rise steadily over the past several decades. Unfortunately, that is no longer the case and life expectancy is actually declining. Why is this happening? What can we do to stop this decline? 0101 Life Expectancy TNThe decline in life expectancy started in 2015, continued to decline in 2016 and preliminary data for 2017 shows that it may drop even further. To give a perspective of how serious this is, the United States’ life expectancy has not had a three-year decline since World War I and the global influenza pandemic a century ago. When you take into consideration that during the height of the AIDS epidemic in the 1990s life expectancy did not decrease multiple years in a row, this decrease is profound. There are two main causes for the current decline: opioid crisis and number of deaths from cardiovascular health issues has leveled off. The significant increase in deaths related to illegal opioid use is the major contributor. This isn’t because more people are doing drugs, but due to the greater lethality of the drugs they are using. The two major drugs responsible are Fentanyl and Carfentanil. Both are synthetic opioids meaning they are easy to manufacture making them cheap to buy. Both are extremely potent and a small dose is enough to be lethal. The second contributor is the decline in deaths from cardiovascular disease has leveled off. When you look at the past 50 years, the number of deaths related to cardiovascular issues has decreased around 60%. This accounts for about three-quarters of the gains that were made to life expectancy during this time period. So, when you take into account the decrease in deaths from cardiovascular issues and the increase in deaths related to drug overdoses, there isn’t enough of an offset to prevent life expectancy to decrease. Part of this is due to that drug overdoses tend to kill younger people and this impacts the life expectancy significantly. In order to get the life expectancy back on tract, we need to fix both of these more quickly and effectively. The recent focus on the opioid crisis has brought heightened attention to how overprescribing of narcotic pain medications has given way to the crisis. This attention has helped to bring forth new prescribing guidelines that doctors must follow. Opioids should only be prescribed for those on palliative care and no more than three days for acute pain. Also, the healthcare profession needs focus on treating injuries and pain with appropriate physical therapy. While this is a step in the right direction, especially for future patients, it doesn’t help those currently addicted. In order to help these individuals, medically-assisted addiction treatment programs need to have wider accessibility, not only in locations, but financially as well. By providing easier access to medications that help to decrease withdrawal symptoms and lessen cravings and programs that offer support through counseling, we provide people with a better chance at preventing a relapse. All it takes is a few doses and a person is addicted for life. Take a few too many pills and you could be dead. No other type of medication kills such a high proportion of people who take them. Despite the sheer volume of deaths from the opioid crisis, it isn’t the leading cause of death in the United States. That title belongs to cardiovascular disease. On average, it kills 15 times as many people as drug overdoses. Since it is a slow progress and not a sudden death as an overdose, we do not provide enough attention and resources to reduce it. Some of the programs that have been implemented, such as increased access to no or low-cost screenings and treatment, have helped people gain control over their blood pressure and cholesterol levels. We need to continue to do this, but should also focus on holding systems accountable and reward positive outcomes, like blood pressure control, cholesterol management, appropriate use of aspirin and smoking cessation, at a community level. This means not just healthcare professionals and organizations, but everyone. Obesity is one of the leading causes of complications for cardiovascular disease. By taking a systemic approach to addressing obesity by changing the foods we eat and encouraging more physical activity, it will have far greater impact that relying on each individual to change. Think of it this way, it is far easier to avoid obesity as a whole than try to undo it one person at a time. By partnering with the food industry to reduce the amount of sugar-sweetened and salt-added foods that they produce, it reduces the health risk to everyone and puts the choice into the consumers’ hands if they want to add sugar or salt to their food. This will help to save not only money, but lives. In order to successfully do this, we need to set political parties, individual (company) interests and personal agendas aside and do what is right for all the American people. When we are young, we often envision our self growing old and living a long, full life. No one imagines that their life will plagued by addiction or cardiovascular issues. There are numerous steps that we, as a country, need to take in order to help fulfill this image of a long life. Currently, our country is in a crisis and it is up to all of us to make changes to help our fellow Americans and provide a better life for future generations.
Author`s name Timothy Bancroft-Hinchey Dried bats? Ebola spreads in West Africa The outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever has been evolving rapidly in the forests of South-Eastern Republic of Guinea. The neighbouring countries have been placed on alert, after possible suspected cases have been identified in Liberia and Sierra Leone. Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Ivory Coast, Senegal and Gambia have been placed on alert to check possible infected people crossing their borders. Rene Lamah, the Minister of Health of the Republic of Guinea, states that bats appear to be one of the main suspected causes of the outbreak of the deadly disease and therefore the sale of these animals has been prohibited. Bats, especially dried bats, are a delicacy in the area. They are either stewed in chilli sauce or else slow-cooked over an open fire until they are dried, then they are consumed with alcohol. Timofei Belov
The Habit of Habits There are many reasons why I’m thankful for having an older brother. One of the most important is the idea of having a “scout” in front of me. On many occasions my brother indirectly taught me things that I could and could not get away with. Also I was introduced to certain things early enough that the pulls of peer pressure made no lasting impression upon me. For example I couldn’t have been much older than nine or ten when I tried smoking for the first time. It was such a horrible experience that I didn’t try it again when my friends did in eighth grade. So I was able to avoid years of a smoking habit through that one bad experience. Habits are extremely powerful tools that can lift us up or drag us down. At certain points habits become so ingrained in us that they feel like part of who we are as people. So the key to habits is to choose ones that drive us forward and eliminate ones that hold us back. The question is: how do you create/eliminate habits? Habits are ingrained because there are neural pathways in our brains that act like highways toward that action. The number of times that we repeat the action only widens the highway. However, even a highway has to start somewhere. Habits start with a cue. Something that triggers it to begin. The development of the habit needs to be locked in with some sort of reward the first few times that it happens. This reward reinforces the behavior. However the reward does not particularly need to be received every time. Only consistently enough at the beginning to lock in the habit. Cues and rewards can vary immensely depending on the habit and the individual. Habit Creation You can create positive habits by developing cues and rewards for yourself. Although you may feel like you’re defrauding yourself at the beginning, the alternative is much worse. It is much better for you to be tricking yourself into a positive habit rather than advertisers or peers tricking you into a negative one. The key to habit creation is making it into a cycle. The cue leads to the action and the action gets rewarded. Therefore our brain will look for the cue again because it knows where this highway ends and it’s a positive place. Habit Replacement Habits cannot be completely eliminated but they can be replaced. The old habit needs to be overwritten with a new one. Using the same cue to get a different action and a different reward is the process of replacing a habit. This is a very deliberate process because the identification of the old cue is the first step to replacing the old habit. Get into the habit of creating your own habits rather than letting them be created for you. For a deeper discussion on habits, watch this video with Charles Duhigg. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=voX0gUn_JOI Leave a Reply WordPress.com Logo Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s
Writing Task 2: Some people prefer to use energy-saving modes of transportation like hybrid cars and bicycles Some people prefer to use energy-saving modes of transportation like hybrid cars and bicycles. Others prefer the usual mode of transportation like buses and trains because it is fast and efficient. Which mode of transportation do you prefer and why? Model Answer 1: People use transportation to travel from one place to another, where some of them are keen on using traditional ways to commute, while others choose the innovative ones which are also energy efficient. I strongly support the latter approach as non-renewable energy sources can be saved. Firstly, this essay mentions the benefits of these innovative ways, then discuss the environmental advantages it provides. To begin with, it is a well-known fact that technology has revolutionized the planet. The world has seen tremendous achievements and will continue to see so. One of such domains, which had been drastically enhanced by the intervention of technology in the transportation sector. For example, we have seen the invention of electric cars which when proposed was thought as impossible, now has not only been made pragmatic but also the world is benefitted by its effects such as using electricity to recharge itself instead of fuels used by orthodox vehicles. Thus, it not only aids in reducing their daily costs but also saves a lot of non-renewable sources. Furthermore, the usage of modern technology to deal with day-to-day hindrances has been a norm now. However, in that ,hastiness one should not forget how mother nature is being affected. Although, the invention of cars and other mechanical devices has served humans in numerous ways, while it also posed threats indirectly by affecting the environment. For instance, by using hybrid cars or even bicycles the usage of fuels can be dramatically reduced thereby, air pollution can be reduced, in contrast to what the current vehicles are promoting. Hence, modern technology vehicles must be preferred over the already present ones. To sum up, there is a need to be efficient in the transportation field by utilising the latest scientific additions that have proven to be advantageous than whatever is already existing. These aid us by saving expenses and non-renewable resources, in addition to saving the environment. Therefore, hybrid vehicles must be encouraged. Word count: 323 Model Answer 2: Preferences to transportation modes are seen divided among the public. When a group prefers energy-saving modes such as bicycles and hybrid automobiles, others go with popular transportation like buses and trains. Both these options have their own individual merits, and hence it is better to analyse both before framing a logical conclusion. On the one hand, those who prefer the first mode highlight the importance of saving energy, which one can use in future or for other purposes. They feel that a considerable proportion of fossil fuels are used up by every country for the usual modes of transportation including the operation of cars, buses and trains. It has to be understood that when these perishable sources of energy are utilized irrationally, the demand of energy in future would peak in an unparalleled manner. Another merit they focus is the environmental friendliness of these options, as hybrid cars and bicycles hardly pollute the environment. On the other hand, the second group opines that whichever transportation mode people select, it should be fast and efficient. This can be better done when people use usual modes of transportation including trains and airplanes. Firstly, this can save the invaluable time a person has to spend on transportation. The next benefits are the comfort and convenience these modes offer. Therefore, they believe that in order to reach the destinations faster and without much exhaustion, one has to make use of these transportation modes, even though they use up certain amount of energy. After analysing both options in detail, I believe as a responsible citizen, I have to prefer energy-saving modes of transportation. However, it is a fact that in most of the current circumstances, it is hardly possible. Word count: 284 Previous articleDescribe something you enjoyed doing in a group Next articleWriting Task 2: Low-price airlines lack most of the conveniences of normal air plane flights Comments are closed.
Why Do I Scream When Startled? Why do we scream when startled? “In brain imaging parts of the experiment, screams activate the fear circuitry of the brain,” he says. Is being startled easily a sign of anxiety? Easily Startled But experts classify an “exaggerated” startle response as a sign of anxiety, according to the NIMH. Frequently feeling on edge and startled by even the slightest, unexpected event could mean you have an exaggerated startle response. How can I calm my startle reflex? If your baby’s Moro reflex is keeping them from sleeping properly, try these tips: Keep your baby close to your body when laying them down. Keep them close for as long as possible as you lay them down. Gently release your baby only after their back is touching the mattress. When I push the corner of my eye it makes a noise? Is it normal to cry when someone yells at you? Why do I have such a strong startle reflex? In the major form, hyperekplexia is characterized by an unusually extreme startle reaction to sudden unexpected noise, movement, or touch. … The frequency and severity of the startle response can be increased by emotional tension, stress, or fatigue. Why do sudden noises scare me? What frequency is a scream? Normal speech changes in volume at a low rate – about 4 to 5 Hertz or cycles per second. Screams, however, change in volume very quickly and very widely — from 30 Hz up to 150 Hz. What causes a person to startle easily? These symptoms can be observed in conditions such as anxiety disorder and stress reactions. Being easily startled would also be accompanied by other signs of stress and anxiety. Why do I flinch at loud noises? We can thank our protective reflexes. This instinctive reaction is called the acoustic startle-reflex eye blink and is part of the protective mechanism we all show in response to potential danger. Loud noises can often mean danger and our eyes need protecting more than most parts of our bodies. Is screaming a defense mechanism? It has been proven that screaming ‘fire’ opposed to ‘rape’ gives you a better chance of getting noticed and/or someone coming to your aid. … So use that naturally inherent defense mechanism called the ‘scream’ – screaming loud and with intend, keeping in mind, noise has been proven to be an effective deterrent. Is Misophonia a mental illness? Why do screams scare us? As expected, screams enter our ears and elevate brain activity on fMRI scans in our auditory cortex, which processes sound. But these shrieks also trigger our fear center, the amygdala, which may explain why they command our attention. Why do you scream on roller coasters? Some people believe that screaming is cathartic (see “primal scream” therapy). Roller coasters provide a socially acceptable situation for screaming. No one is likely to hear you or care, and everyone else is doing it. And it makes the ride more exhilirating. When the liquid or moist in your eyes is abundant, there will be noise caused by air friction every time you blink your eyes. This condition is normal, and not a big issue. … Eye mucus can also make the blinking noise. It is the result of infection, allergies or eye dryness.
The most powerful countries power the future with solar power World powers choose solar power Who are the pioneers leading the energy revolution? Choosing what energy will save or destroy the world There is no question that solar energy will power the future. The question is which countries will be leading the charge of innovation and inspiration. Solar is in the midst of a transformative golden age that has seen its efficiency and large-scale viability balloon throughout the past decades. Along with wind, it will be one of the primary renewable energy sources powering the future of the world. The world finds itself at the precipice of a new chapter in the story of humanity. Major breakthroughs in engineering have brought the possibility of satisfying humanity’s energy needs through renewable, green sources. However, fossil fuels remain a cheap source of energy. The question before countries around the globe is to see which will choose to invest in the future of energy and lead the world into sustainability. Will U.S. legacy of tech innovation continue? America’s appetite for innovation has long made it a leader on the global stage. The nation’s extensive roster of creators, inventors, and artists has been responsible for advancements across a wide range of disciplines and industries, allowing the United States – and the world – to take quantum leaps forward into new frontiers.The examples of American ingenuity are numerous. In 1879, the light bulb lit up in the mind of the Wizard of Menlo Park, and soon its glow swept across houses, cities, and countries throughout the world. Not long after, two brothers proved to the world that manned flight was not just a flight of fancy, and ushered in an era that would see the world shrink and opportunities grow. The U.S. has as distinguished history pioneering technological innovations and scientific breakthroughs. By the end of the same century, America had successfully shown that landing on the moon was not lunacy, and had brought the world together with the connective power of the world wide web. With the presence of solar forecasted to grow by 43% in the next 4 years, it’s no longer a question of whether the world will eventually transition to sustainable energy sources, but rather: Which country will lead the charge? Will the United States take advantage of its colossal wealth to man the helm as we sail towards a greener horizon? Or will we pass the torch to another nation, allowing them to become a beacon on a hill? The largest country invests the largest in solar No economy in recorded history as seen as much sustained economic growth as the Chinese economy over past three decades. Averaging an expansion rate of 10%, the country has watched its GDP skyrocket to $12 trillion, and 800 million people have ascended into the middle class.In the wake of its newly-acquired prosperity, the country has ramped-up its investments across a range of modernization initiatives, including the strengthening of their renewable energy sector. By bolstering the country’s network of solar and renewable energy options, China will at last be able to apply itself to addressing two major problems that have long plagued it – worrying levels of pollution and prohibitive energy costs. China has found a light at the end of a smog-filled tunnel glowing in the form of a solar-fueled future. With its high energy-efficiency, absence of harmful emissions, and independence from volatile energy markets, solar has provided an unmatchable avenue for reducing pollution, powering remotes provinces, and freeing up capital for more strategic investments than the acquisition of expensive, fickle fossil fuels. As a result, the East Asian powerhouse invested a staggering $86.5 billion in developing their solar infrastructure last year alone, and has already met its desired solar targets for 2020. That has placed China as the clear world leader of solar installation, a position they will hold into the future. Of course, China’s interest in solar comes as no surprise. With a GDP that’s on course to surpass that of the United States’, it only makes sense that they solidify their position as an emerging economic superpower by becoming the leading purveyors of a technology upon which the rest of the world will come to rely. Current estimates anticipate that the world will run out of all non-renewable energy sources within the next century, making a conversion to renewables non-negotiable, and the provider of these technologies very prosperous. Germany leads the way to solar autonomy While China and the U.S lead the world in solar investments, it’s Germany that holds the crown for deriving the greatest percentage of their total energy usage through solar technology. With 6.9% of their energy fueled by the sun, Germany outpaced China’s implementation at a rate of more than 3-to-1. However impressive their present share of energy being sourced from solar may be, they’re far from satisfied. By 2050, the country hopes to generate 80% or more of its energy through renewable solutions. S. Africa pays the price for fossil fuel dependency Serving as a cautionary tale about the consequences of opting to remain addicted to non-renewable energy sources is South Africa. Despite having access to solar, hydroelectric, and wind alternatives, the small nation has remained faithful to its coal industry, and this devotion has turned into a fatal attraction. Drawing more than 95% of its energy from coal, the country has contaminated and acidified its waterways in the process. This, in turn, has amplified the impact of existing draughts upon the region, and threatened its economic stability. An eco-friendly solution for the economy Aside from cleaner skies, and lower energy bills, there may be other reasons motivating countries to invest in solar energy. At present, the solar industry yields new jobs at a rate of 17 times that of the American economy. For countries with an emerging middle class, the solar field may be an ideal way of absorbing the new influx of workers while simultaneously propping up an industry that will make them (quite literally) power players on the global stage. Additionally, no country’s economy will ever suffer from lack of exposure to volatile energy markets, surging oil costs, or the productivity-hampering tolls on residents brought about by exposure to polluted airways. Which Direction Will The U.S. Go In? There is still hope for the United States to become the leader in the migration to solar. Despite the U.S’ departure from the Paris Accord, the nation’s businesses recognize that the future will revolve around the sun, and, according to the IEA, it continues to be the second biggest investor in solar energy. This is largely due to multi-year federal tax incentives and green-friendly policies in many states. But those incentives are scheduled for phase-out! Unless political action is taken, the huge federal tax credit will soon be eliminated in just a few years. Additionally, the states are still a leading center of research into the very technologies that form the core of the hardware used to harness the sun’s energy. Universities such as the Oregon Institute of Technology, Stanford, UC Berkeley, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology are all powerful drivers behind solar’s evolution. The political solar power in your hands While the U.S is far from falling behind at present in terms of its investment in and implementation of solar solutions, it is unlikely to keep pace with other global players unless its residents continue to stoke the flames of change.The collective voice of elections express what the people want. So make your voice heard! Opt for candidates that reflect your values, and prioritize the U.S’ ability to remain competitive at a global level. • Vote at the polls to support solar programs • Vote with your wallet by joining the solar revolution • Vote for politicians who will promote solar incentives and policies. The economic solar power in your hands Similarly, invest in a solar system for your own home, and create the market demand needed for the technology to continue evolving. If you can’t afford a solar array, but want to join the green revolution and start saving today, lease a solar installation from Neeeco Solar for no money down! It’s no coincidence that the five countries with the greatest levels of investment in solar technology are also the world’s five most economically successful countries. Follow their economic lead! Though commuters trapped in Boston’s infuriating, congested traffic-scape might have preferred for these emissions’ reductions to have been accomplished by actually taking 500,000 cars off of the streets, they can at least find solace in the knowledge that the air that they’re inhaling as they hyperventilate with rage at the drivers around them is pure. Show the world that you’re ready to take advantage of the benefits solar can bring you, and call Neeeco for a free quote today.
The how and why of removing odours from commercial kitchen exhaust by Robert Lord Many designers (& council officials) appreciate the effects of commercial kitchen exhaust and the odorous discharge that occurs. What is sometimes misunderstood is that odour complaints can still occur with code-compliant systems and prosecutions can still occur. What this paper sets out is how SEED derived our data-based understanding of kitchen odour, and how we have applied that understanding to a variety of projects over the years. The paper concludes with a methodology as to why we select specific treatment technologies. Quantifying Odour Whenever we smell something, our nose and brain work together to make sense of hundreds of very tiny invisible particles, known as molecules or chemicals, that are floating in the air. If we sniff, more of these molecules can reach the roof of our nostrils and it is easier to smell a smell. The sense of smell is so important because it is related to the sense of taste. In our ancient history, taste and smell were important for survival: to find good food, to avoid being eaten, and to pick proper mates. Smell warns us about rotten food, a burning house, or an unhappy baby, and it can also capture our attention if looking for potential mates. Even people who claim to have a poor sense of smell are still capable of smelling odours at levels as low as 10ppb. The particularly pungent smells of some sulphides can be detected at levels below 4ppb. Our noses vary in sensitivity from person to person, based on genes, familiarity, hormones, and time of day. The sense of smell also varies with wellness, and exposure to respiratory illnesses. Unfortunately, COVID victims, who have suffered a loss of smell, have found that the sense of smell can take a long time to return. When we register an odour, it is usually described in terms of taste or flavour, and potency. What some noses believe is a pleasant smell may be unpleasant to other noses, and this determination is related to memory. Figure 1 Smell is related to taste. Our noses are particularly sensitive and detect flavours within flavours. For example, the familiar smells of the Milton Brewery or the late Arnott’s Biscuit factory could be fondly described by many Brisbane residents, despite several kilometres of separation from the source. Yet, even pleasant smells can cause nuisance over time, particularly when they are intense or unwavering. An example of an initially pleasant smell becoming unpleasant over time are some of our flowering trees. Australian Standards In 2001, an Australian Standard for measuring odour concentrations was released. It was AS4323.3: Stationary source emissions – Determination of odour concentration by dynamic olfactometry and it was based on the European CEN standard, which was also very similar to the German standard VDI 3882. The methodology of these standards was to determine how much dilution had to be applied to an air sample so as to render it detectable by only half of the population. This is conducted in a laboratory using “sniffers”. The sniffer has a simple resume – they need only possess an “average” sense of smell and odour recognition. However, they are regularly trained and tested to ensure they are an average nose in the best sense of the word. The extent of dilution is the odour intensity measured in “odour units” (or OU). If an air sample has an odour intensity of 1000 OU, that means it needs to diluted by 1000, to render it barely noticeable by half of the population. When a formal odour sample is reported, the OU rating is stated, and usually a simple description of the taste and character is provided. Note that these descriptions are usually written up well before the odour reaches a low concentration. This is because the human nose is so powerful, it can detect an odour at low strength but not recognise it. Permitted Odour Intensity Given that odour strength can be quantified, and it’s hedonistic quality described, authorities now had a tool by which they could judge whether an odour complaint was real. Several authorities formed regulations around odour nuisance based on odour readings measured to AS4323.3. For example, the Queensland EPA considers an odour nuisance will exist at 5OU and it is worth prosecuting at 10OU whilst NSW OEH has a sliding scale of 2 OU to 7 OU and the decision to prosecute rests with the complainant. The City of Melbourne has the tightest standards in Australia, seeking to prohibit any odour detected at 1OU or above. The standard which we work with most is the NSW OEH table presented below. It is a sophisticated, nuanced table that adjusts odour level thresholds based on the density of the population. Table 1: Impact assessment criteria for complex mixtures of Odorous Air Pollutants (nose-response time average, 99th percentile. Source: Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW), 2005. Population of Affected Community Impact Assessment Criteria (OU) Urban (≥2000 people) 2 500 people 3 125 people 4 30 people 5 10 people 6 Single rural residence 7 One of the victims of this style of regulation is that some industries rely on odour for advertising. An obvious example is a croissant bakery, which would regularly create environments with 25-40 OU. In European and Asian nations, where land is scarce, there is more opportunity for odour nuisance from the colocation of farming or industry near residential developments. Various technologies have been developed where a chemical sampling device can predict an OU reading insitu, leading to a more informed response for odour remediation. The benefits of this type of sensor is that it can assign a proportion of odour nuisance to a source. Kitchen Odours Intensity Kitchen cooking odours arise from the release of hydrogen sulphides & aromatic carbons[1], during the cooking process. Aromatic carbons is a term I use to describe all of the various carbonyls, ethers, alcohols (such as butanol), and carbamides that are the source of many cooking odours. Carbon itself is odourless, but carbon attached to hydrogen, oxygen, sodium and/or sulphides is not odourless and responsible for most of our sensations of food-related odours. Cooking drives the release of these chemicals and a useful surrogate for the stink of cooking is the release rate of fat content. This is affected in equal parts by the fat content prior to cooking and the temperature at which the cooking is undertaken. The higher the temperature, the faster the release of fat content. There are other cooking odours that are not regularly attached to grease cooking, namely smoking (solid fuel cooking), or the additions of spices and sauces. These particles do not necessarily attach to grease particles, which is a point I will return to later within this paper. In one of our earliest projects (2002), we were to design a kitchen exhaust system which by necessity discharged 12m away from an apartment balcony. The developer for whom we worked was most concerned about nuisance, despite the compliant discharge. The style of cooking was a South East Asian restaurant. We arranged for an air sample and derived an existing odour level (890 OU/m3). Using CFD, we could also determine how to dilute that odour so that it avoided nuisance levels. What was striking was that a compliant system could still cause considerable odour nuisance. We were later approached for similar odour nuisance studies, which prompted me to investigate what was the empirical relationship between air treatment systems and odour reduction. We purchased testing data and arranged our own testing data to compile a set of 38 tests. From those tests, we derived the tables below: The tables above are some of the post processing of the raw data we had collected. In the collection of the data, we determined that the 5-micron particle size was an effective surrogate for odour intensity. Note also that the baffle filter was not removing much of the grease by weight. That is, if a filtration system effectively removed 50% of the 5 micron particles, the odour levels would reduce by 50%. I stress that this is an empirical finding. And should eb treated as such. Armed with that empirical relationship, we began to design street-level discharge kitchen exhaust systems by paying particular attention to the filtration technologies that performed well in that particle size. We have found that the “5 micron” strategy consistently predicts the onset of the odour nuisance. It appears to be neither conservative nor optimistic. Kitchen Filtration Tactics From the data we had collected, we could see that the following filtration and design tactics were successful: • Filtration with cyclonic filters (e.g. Veritech filters) to remove 5 micron grease • Filtration with wool inserts (e.g. Shepherd Filters) to remove 5 micron grease • Filtration with Electrostatic Precipitators (e.g. AOS ESP) to remove 5 micron grease • Dosing ozone using an ozone generator to break down grease • Dosing ozone using UV lighting to break down grease • Discharging at high velocity to quickly dilute any ozone or odorous air. We still use each of these methods but our past projects have informed us on the risks of each of these methods. For example, we have found ESP maintenance costs to be largely unaffordable for many F&B outlets. If we improve the upstream filtration of grease, it enables the maintenance costs of ESPs to be greatly reduced. Hence, we still promote ESP use, particularly where spices or solid fuel cooking is involved as the spices and solid fuel smoke respond well to ESP filtration. Care must be taken when specifying ESP velocities. Often HVAC specifications have no actual velocity nominated, and some suppliers allow layouts on a velocity of 3.6m/s. As per the research provided by Dalmon & Lowe, this velocity is too fast. (refer image below). Figure 2 Dalmon & Lowe research into particle velocity vs capture. We regularly specify filters that are cyclonic so as to lift grease removal in the 5-micron range. Alternatively, for existing hoods, we will specify wool inserts that can also reduce 5-micron grease significantly. Figure 3 This is a useful table for selecting the odour reduction rate based on the 5 micron size removal efficiency. We have found ozone generators to be particularly effective at reducing odours but use of UV lighting to be less effective. In the data for kitchen exhausts treated with UV lighting ozonation, we have seen the description of odours change to acidic, “burnt butter”, etc. What this implies is that the ozonation has been sufficient to form butanol but not completely “cold burn” the odour. The odour intensity has reduced but the taste has become more acrid, until the odour has been cold-burned. Ozonation for kitchen exhaust odours needs to be approached in a particular manner if it is to be reliable. Firstly, the discharge air must be filtered by a filter capable of removing 80% of the 5 micron grease. This is so that dosing is not consumed oxidising copious amounts of grease. Once the air has been preliminarily cleaned, it should be dosed at 8ppm approximately and have at least 2 seconds contact time. This contact time allows for the odour to be “cold burned” or ozonated to oxidisation. Whilst doing to 8ppm sounds simple, one of the complexities is that our NH&S exposure standards for ozone mean that the discharge should be diluted below 0.5ppm before a predictable nose or point of interest (POI) has the chance to smell the discharge. When there is very little load for the ozone, it is possible for unconsumed ozone to be discharged at a level higher than desirable for exposure. This advice is in line with following excerpt is from the article “ASHRAE Position Document on Filtration and Air Cleaning”: Experience suggests that control of a moving airstream does not provide favourable killing rates because of the short dwell time. Under ideal conditions, inactivation and/or killing rates of 90% or higher can be achieved but depend heavily on the dosage rate and air cleanliness. Discharging at velocity and with high aspiration will permit both the safe accommodation of ozonation and further dilution for odour control. One filtration technology that is not pursued is the use of carbon filters. Carbon filters are regularly prescribed as a “catch-all” but there are some reasons for caution and why they fail. Firstly, the filter uses adsorption and hence it is quickly consumed when the air stream is moist or heavy with grease load. The main reason they fail though, is that the adsorption “let’s go” of the dirt particle at temperatures above 500C, which is a common kitchen exhaust temperature. Adsorption is a reversible process due to the relatively weak (van de Waal) forces involved i.e. odours once adsorbed can later desorb back into the airstream. Hence, there are regular precedents where carbon filters have been specified as an emergency measure but they failed. Pleasant Surprises We accidently experienced one pleasant surprise recently which is worth sharing. The kitchen exhaust system was a low-level discharge, discharging near a seating area. The system utilised “good” filtration and ozonation but no ESPs. The cooking was high intensity Asian cooking and we would often use a ESP for this type so as to address spices. In this instance, there was no room nor budget so we compensated with additional filtration at the 5 micron level. The result appears to have removed the grease odour, but the spice odour can still be faintly determined. The proprietor is pleased as he claims the “clean” smell of the spices is attractive to those who have grown up with this odour in their local markets. Another pleasant surprise is that ozonation does break down grease particles into dust. See the photo below from a project with a 5 second contact time, where the ozone has broken the grease down into a dusty surface that is easier to clean and does not support combustion. Figure 4 Downstream photo of hood dosed with ozone. Note the dusty appearance, This actually indicates ozonolysis. Another pleasant surprise is the manner in which aspirated diffusers can be used to diffuse kitchen exhaust air at low levels. Aspiration is a process where an air stream is separated so as to induce dilution air into the middle of the air stream. Some of the projects where this technique is employed: Rashays (Indian) Restaurant, Dee Why – discharge above entry. Fish restaurant, Melbourne Street, South Brisbane. Discharge is above restaurant entry. Happy Boy (Chinese/Malay) restaurant, Fortitude Valley. Discharge is directly below apartment balcony. Mrs Luus,(Vietnamese), Tank Street Café. Discharge above seating and onto street A caution for designers is warranted. These systems do have useful advantages for owners to enable them to do business where previously it was not permissible. However, there is a need for the owner to conduct maintenance and a great temptation for the owner to not execute maintenance. For this reason, a discharge near the public is ironically a good feature. It motivates the café or restaurant owner to maintain and clean their system. It is imperative that restaurant owners and landlords are educated about the costs and implications of maintenance. Where centralised systems require landlord works, the savings for the landlord come about from reducing the extent of duct cleaning and from reduced fire exposure. The Association of British Insurers has been briefed on the relationship of grease filtration to fire load and associated losses. Understandably, there is concern about the maintenance regime of any filtration system. One tactic that we have found useful is to provide a schedule for kitchen exhaust maintenance that resembles the essential fire maintenance schedules presented in AS1851. That has been useful in ensuring that maintenance is executed appropriately. One regular conversation is the conversation about capital and maintenance costs of kitchen exhaust air treatment. Air treatment costs are largely proportional to the exhaust air flow rate and all measures that reduce exhaust air quantities are in effect assisting with odour control. One measure that we have found effective has been to remove the cooking processes that have a recirculation or low flow option. Many ovens and dishwashers have options for recirculation where the appliance itself comes with the filtration hood. These devices generally manage the kitchen internal environment quite well and have the benefits of removing fire risk and reducing energy costs. Simply avoiding three duct cleaning exercises will pay for the additional recirculation hood, whilst avoiding the conditioning of 1500L/s make up air is also a powerful commercial argument. There are now recirculation options for a wide array of the cooking devices (Halton’s Mobi-Chef is one example). The tactics presented herein are focussed on making F&B facilities more cost effective in situations where a roof discharge is not feasible. Many of the tactics are synergistic with other desirable goals. For example, over half of the fires faced by urban Fire Brigades are started in commercial kitchens. Hence the reduction of grease fire load (by a figure of >90% by weight) is fire safety measure that benefits the community. It is estimated that over 23 tonnes of kitchen grease is deposited on USA rooves every day. Another desirable outcome is the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions associated with kitchen exhaust and treating kitchen make up air. By using recirculation systems to reduce kitchen exhaust air quantities, air conditioning capacity and greenhouse gas emissions can be saved to the extent of 30W/Lps of exhaust as an average across Australia. There will not be a SEED TV episode that accompanies this paper. We wish you well in your design endeavours.
Excel for slrfc.org 365 Excel for the internet Excel 2019 Excel 2016 Excel 2013 Excel 2010 Excel 2007 More...Less You deserve to usage a PivotTable to summarize, analyze, check out, and existing summary data. PivotCharts enhance PivotTables by including visualizations to the summary information in a PivotTable, and enable you to quickly watch comparisons, trends, and also patterns. Both PivotTables and PivotCharts enable you to make increated decisions around crucial data in your enterpincrease. You have the right to additionally connect to external information resources such as SQL Server tables, SQL Server Analysis Services cubes, Azure Marketlocation, Office Data Connection (.odc) records, XML documents, Access databases, and text papers to produce PivotTables, or use existing PivotTables to develop new tables. You are watching: Which of the following best describes a pivot table? Note: The screen shots in this post were taken in Excel 2016. If you have a different variation your check out could be slightly various, however unmuch less otherwise listed, the usability is the exact same. About PivotTables A PivotTable is an interactive means to conveniently summarize big quantities of data. You have the right to use a PivotTable to analyze numerical data in information, and answer unanticipated questions around your information. A PivotTable is especially designed for: Querying big quantities of data in many user-friendly methods. Subtotaling and aggregating numeric data, summarizing data by categories and also subcategories, and also creating custom calculations and formulas. Expanding and collapsing levels of information to focus your outcomes, and drilling dvery own to details from the summary information for areas of interest to you. Moving rows to columns or columns to rows (or "pivoting") to see different recaps of the resource information. Filtering, sorting, grouping, and conditionally formatting the a lot of helpful and exciting subcollection of information permitting you to focus on simply the indevelopment you want. Presenting concise, attractive, and annotated virtual or published reports. For example, here"s an easy list of household expenses on the left, and also a PivotTable based upon the list to the right: Househost price data Corresponding PivotTable For even more information, check out Create a PivotTable to analyze worksheet data. Ways to work-related via a PivotTable After you develop a PivotTable by choosing its data resource, arvarying fields in the PivotTable Field List, and also selecting an initial layout, you have the right to perform the following work as you job-related with a PivotTable: Explore the data by doing the following: Expand and collapse data, and display the underlying details that pertain to the worths. Sort, filter, and also group areas and also items. Change summary functions, and add custom calculations and formulas. Change the form layout and also area plan by doing the following: Change the PivotTable form: Compact, Outline, or Tabular. Add, rearselection, and also remove fields. Change the order of areas or items. Change the layout of columns, rows, and also subtotals by doing the following: Turn column and row field headers on or off, or display screen or hide empty lines. Display subtotals over or listed below their rows. Adjust column widths on refresh. Move a column area to the row area or a row area to the column area. Merge or unmerge cells for outer row and column items. Change the display screen of blanks and also errors by doing the following: Change exactly how errors and empty cells are presented. Change how items and labels without information are presented. Display or hide blank rows Change the format by doing the following: Manually and conditionally format cells and varieties. Change the all at once PivotTable format style. Change the number format for fields. Include OLAP Server formatting. For even more information, check out Design the layout and format of a PivotTable. PivotCharts carry out graphical representations of the data in their connected PivotTables. PivotCharts are additionally interactive. When you produce a PivotChart, the PivotChart Filter Pane shows up. You deserve to use this filter pane to type and also filter the PivotChart"s underlying information. Changes that you make to the layout and data in an linked PivotTable are instantly reflected in the layout and information in the PivotChart and vice versa. PivotCharts screen data series, categories, data markers, and also axes simply as conventional charts do. You can additionally adjust the chart form and other options such as the titles, the legend placement, the information labels, the chart area, and also so on. Here"s a PivotChart based on the PivotTable instance over. For more indevelopment, view Create a PivotChart. If you are acquainted with standard charts, you will find that the majority of operations are the very same in PivotCharts. However, tbelow are some differences: Row/Shaft orientation Unchoose a conventional chart, you cannot switch the row/column orientation of a PivotChart by making use of the Select File Source dialog box. Instead, you have the right to pivot the Row and Pillar labels of the linked PivotTable to attain the exact same result. Chart types You can adjust a PivotChart to any type of chart kind except an xy (scatter), stock, or bubble chart. Source data Standard charts are attached straight to worksheet cells, while PivotCharts are based on their linked PivotTable"s data source. Unfavor a traditional chart, you cannot readjust the chart data selection in a PivotChart"s Select File Source dialog box. Formatting Most formatting—including chart facets that you add, layout, and style—is kept as soon as you refresh a PivotChart. However, trendlines, data labels, error bars, and various other transforms to data sets are not maintained. Standard charts execute not lose this formatting as soon as it is used. Although you cannot directly resize the information labels in a PivotChart, you ca rise the message font size to successfully resize the labels. You can usage data from a Excel worksheet as the basis for a PivotTable or PivotChart. The information should be in list format, through column labels in the first row, which Excel will certainly usage for Field Names. Each cell in succeeding rows have to contain information correct to its column heading, and you shouldn"t mix data species in the same column. For circumstances, you shouldn"t mix currency values and dates in the same column. Furthermore, tbelow shouldn"t be any blank rows or columns within the data selection. Excel tables Excel tables are already in list format and are great candidates for PivotTable source information. When you refresh the PivotTable, new and updated data from the Excel table is immediately had in the refresh procedure. Using a dynamic called range To make a PivotTable less complicated to upday, you can produce a dynamic called variety, and also usage that name as the PivotTable"s data source. If the called selection increases to incorporate even more information, refreshing the PivotTable will encompass the new information. Including totals Excel automatically creates subtotals and grand totals in a PivotTable. If the resource data consists of automatic subtotals and grand also totals that you developed by utilizing the Subtotals command also in the Outline group on the Data tab, use that very same command also to rerelocate the subtotals and grand also totals before you produce the PivotTable. You can retrieve data from an outside data source such as a database, an Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) cube, or a text file. For instance, you can preserve a database of sales records you want to summarize and analyze. Office File Connection files If you usage an Office Data Connection (ODC) file (.odc) to retrieve external information for a PivotTable, you deserve to input the data straight right into a PivotTable. We recommfinish that you retrieve external data for your reports by making use of ODC files. OLAP resource data When you retrieve resource information from an OLAP database or a cube file, the data is went back to Excel only as a PivotTable or a PivotTable that has been converted to worksheet functions. For more information, check out Convert PivotTable cells to worksheet formulas. Non-OLAP source data This is the underlying information for a PivotTable or a PivotChart that comes from a source various other than an OLAP database. For instance, information from relational databases or text papers. For more indevelopment, see Create a PivotTable through an external data resource. The PivotTable cache Each time that you create a new PivotTable or PivotChart, Excel stores a copy of the information for the report in memory, and saves this storage location as component of the workbook file - this is called the PivotTable cache. Each new PivotTable calls for added memory and disk room. However, when you usage an existing PivotTable as the resource for a new one in the same workbook, both share the same cache. Because you reusage the cache, the workbook size is diminished and much less information is kept in memory. Location requirements To usage one PivotTable as the resource for an additional, both should be in the same workbook. If the source PivotTable is in a various workbook, copy the resource to the workbook location where you want the brand-new one to show up. PivotTables and also PivotCharts in different workbooks are separate, each with its very own copy of the information in memory and in the workpublications. Changes influence both PivotTables When you refresh the information in the new PivotTable, Excel likewise updates the data in the source PivotTable, and also vice versa. When you team or ungroup items, or produce calculated fields or calculated items in one, both are impacted. If you have to have a PivotTable that"s independent of one more one, then you deserve to produce a new one based upon the original data source, instead of copying the original PivotTable. Just be mindful of the potential memory implications of doing this also often. PivotCharts You have the right to base a brand-new PivotTable or PivotChart on another PivotTable, however you cannot base a brand-new PivotChart directly on one more PivotChart. Changes to a PivotChart affect the associated PivotTable, and vice versa. Changes in the resource information can lead to various information being available for analysis. For instance, you may desire to conveniently switch from a test database to a manufacturing database. You can upday a PivotTable or a PivotChart with new data that is equivalent to the original information link information by respecifying the resource data. If the data is dramatically various with many kind of new or extra fields, it might be much easier to produce a brand-new PivotTable or PivotChart. Displaying new information lugged in by refresh Refreshing a PivotTable deserve to likewise adjust the data that is easily accessible for display. For PivotTables based upon worksheet data, Excel retrieves new areas within the resource variety or called variety that you specified. For reports based on exterior information, Excel retrieves brand-new information that meets the criteria for the underlying query or information that becomes obtainable in an OLAP cube. You can view any brand-new fields in the Field List and include the areas to the report. Changing OLAP cubes that you create Reports based upon OLAP data always have actually accessibility to all of the information in the cube. If you produced an offline cube that contains a subset of the information in a server cube, you can usage the Offline OLAP command to modify your cube file so that it consists of various data from the server. See more: Thinking About Financial Leverage Impacts The Performance Of The Firm By: Need even more help? You have the right to constantly ask an skilled in the Excel Tech Community or obtain assistance in the Answers neighborhood.
War of Narrative This category contains all the post related to current social and political situation which is causing danger to healthy existence of Santana Culture. Who are the Yazidis and Why are they relevant to Hindus? Yazidi Persecution, The indian rover Yazidis have existed and, in fact, nurtured themselves in the middle East for many centuries. But, in the last decade, they have been a centre of persecution at the hands of Islamic terrorism. Let’s take a look into the story of Yazidis. Who are the Yazidis? Yazidis are a monotheistic minority community residing mainly in northern Iraq and nearby regions of the Middle East. Their population is limited to 700,000 to 1,000,000 in the whole world. Yazidis mainly speak Kurmanji or Kurdish language. What is the history and origin of Yazidis? The term “Yazidi” derives from the word “Ez da”, meaning “I am created”. They also refer to “Xwede ez dam” meaning, “God created me”. The origins of Yazidis can be traced to ancient mesopotamian civilization, Mithraic religion and Zoroastrianism. Mesopotamians were people residing in the middle East and North Africa before the Abrahimic religions started taking control. They dominated the area from as early as 10,000 BC to 5th Century BC. They were mainly polytheistic people worshipping nature gods. The Abrahimic religions in the area are influenced by the mesopotamian philosophy and faiths. The Mithraic and Zoroastrian faiths which are also said to have influenced the Yazidis are pre Abrahimic faiths and philosophy. There are dualistic, polytheistic as well as monotheistic ideas which developed within them. The Yazidis believe in one God who created the world and left it in care of seven mysteries known as “heft sirr”. They believe in Tawuse Melek or Melek Taus who is also referred as Peacock angel. Yazidi Tradition Melek Taus is considered as a messenger of God sent by him to take care of the people. How are the Yazidis Connected with Hindus? There are many similarities in philosophies and traditions which suggests that Yazidism traces its roots to the Sanatana Culture. For instance, “heft sirr” or the seven mysterious figures might have been influenced by the Seven Sages or Sapta Rishis. They are born from Lord Brahma who again produced the world and propagated the knowledge in form of Scriptures and texts. Vaivasvat Manu, who is son of Vivaswan or Surya Dev, is the leader of humans who guides the them to a better life and takes care of them as a father and king. Melek Taus is such a figure who can be compared with Manu. Zoroastrians, who are said to have influenced the early Yazidis, are strongly linked to the Vedic Culture. The “Ahur” is said to have descended from Asur (which Zoroastrians despise) and “Daevas” are Devas or deities in Sanatana Culture. Mithraism which is also an ancient faith in that area and proposed influencer of Yazidis revolves around Supreme God Mithra, who is the God of Light and truth, who shows light to nomads. Mithra is very much similar to Mitra, or Surya in Vedic tradition. I don’t think I need to explain about Mitra here to you guys. Similar to Hindus, Yazidis respect and worship nature and it’s members like trees, snakes and other creatures. They too believe in rebirth and karma. What we can say is that Yazidis are the long lost brothers of Hindus whose ancestors were probably separated from us at some point back in antiquity. How Islam has affected Yazidis? After Islamic Conquest of forced conversions and Caliphate began, many Yazidis succumbed to the atrocities and converted to Islam. They were known as Kurds. Today, they are so much in percentage that few Pro Islamic Scholars identify Yazidis as a subgroup of Kurdish tribe. That is certainly not the case. Ottoman Empire has played an important role in limiting the number of Yazidis in the area during Medieval period by the means of mass conversion to Sunni Islam and Massacre when failing to do so. Yazidis, at general, hate Kurds for the fact that they gave up the fight and converted to Islam. More than that, Kurds have been waging the “Holy war” against Yazidis and have been trying to convert them. The Sufi missionaries and Catholic Christian missionaries have been trying to convert the Yazidis by maligning their tradition. They term Melek Taus as Satan who was thrown out from heaven — which is certainly not acceptable to Yazidis. It is the constant persecution at the hands of Kurds and the Islamic terrorists that Yazidis are at the verge of extinction. The genocide of 2014 at the hands of ISIS was most gruesome act to wipe out them from middle East. In 2014, when Islamic State took over the regions of Iraq and Syria, thousands of Yazidis were executed by ISIS. Many succumbed to death while trying to flee. The plight of Yazidi women has been most haunting for human civilization. They are systematically raped and torchered to death by the terrorists. They are sold in market with a price tag as a sex slaves. Many girls have narrated these haunting stories to the world. All of this persecution is justified with the verses in a certain “book” which cannot be named. The United Nations estimated the figure of those killed to be 5000 in 2014. Yazidi girls being sold as sex slaves Why Hindus should take a cue from Yazidis story? Yazidis have let themselves to be diluted and digested by Islam and Kurds for a larger period. This led to their persecution by the same converted Kurds. The weakened remaining Yazidis were then wiped out by Islamic terrorism. Hindus though are in majority in India and yet they are facing similar issues in many parts of the nation. In Pakistan, Hindus have been almost wiped out by the same forces. So is the scenario of Hindus in Bangladesh. It is high time that We take note of this and start recognizing our roots and revive our tradition. Else, we will be digested by the missionaries from two of the biggest vultures in the present world. Also read: Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj: An Outstanding Leader Why Feminism Is Not Relevant In India: A Woman’s View Feminism in India, Women Empowerment The Feminist Movement was started in the West with the intent to create gender equality in society. Today, let’s be honest, girls, it has come a long way to mean male-bashing, female supremacy, and oppressing masculinity to the core. In India, This movement has been hijacked and imported by the Leftists groups. As they have done with all other movements, they have used this movement as a tool to attack the Hindu Culture and our traditions while whitewashing and covering up the problems in other faiths, especially of the Abrahamic religions. Hence, it is necessary to take a brief look at a few contrasting points. Let’s dive in: Condition of Women: Sanātana Culture vs. Abrahimic Faiths Hindus have been worshipping goddesses and they are manifestations of the universal and supreme energy. Mahākalī, Mahālakṣmī, and Mahāsarasvatī are even, at times, placed higher than their divine consorts. It is described in the scriptures that all which we see around us is an illusion created by yogmāyā the supreme goddess. On the contrary, we can’t find any such reference in the Abrahimic faiths. Christianity believes that Eve, the first woman, was responsible for the sufferings of human beings on this earth. All human beings are descendants of Eve so they share her “sin” since their birth. It is only washed away when you seek forgiveness and pray to Jesus. Basically, all Christians are “born-sinners” because they are born from a woman. In Islam, women are considered “Maal-e-ganimat”. Islam considers the intellect of a woman to be half of the man. She is only considered a tool to procreate as much as she can. Christians and Muslims (males) never gave any position or opportunity to any female unless they are forced to. According to them, males are source of power and women should not be given any responsible task. Any mosque doesn’t have a female ulema. Similarly, you won’t find any female priests in the churches. But, we Hindus proudly say that women are Śakti (source of all energies). They are worshipped as symbols of Māta Pārvatī. आदौ माता गुरो: पत्नी ब्रह्ममणि राजपत्निका \| धेनुर्धात्री तथा पृथ्वी सप्तैता मातर: स्मॄत: \|\| Our own mother (i.e. one who gives birth to us), guru’s (teacher’s) wife, wife of a brāhmaṇa, wife of a king, a cow, a nurse and the earth are our universal mothers. They are to be respected as one respects his/her own mother. The English-educated Neo-Feminists, who are brainwashed by the West, should stop lecturing Hindus about women empowerment. Let’s see why. When Lakṣmi Bāi, Naiki Devī, and Velu Nachiar were leading our armies against the invaders, the Catholic Church was burning women in Europe in the name of witch-hunting. Islam still has evil practices like Triple Talaq, Halala, and female genital mutilation. Witch hunting Arundhatī and Anusuyā are exemplary teachers in the Gurukula Paramparā of Indian education system. Whereas, position of women in education among the Abrahimic faiths is negligible. While there is no textual evidence of moral policing on the clothing of women in Hinduism, Islam has strict rules on how women should cover her body in public with burkha. There are strict laws and severe punishments if a woman doesn’t follow general code of conduct provided in Sharia’h. Hindu Woman Attire The ĀdiŚakti is the manifestation of the source of energies possessed by the Trimurti (viz. Brahma, Vishnu & Mahesh) as they couldn’t eliminate powerful evils themselves because of being male. Also Read: Ramayana Trails: An Introduction We never treated women as objects unlike modern religions. We have various women who achieved the status of goddesses by their deeds and feats. When a woman represents knowledge, she rides on a hamsa (white swan). When she has to kill Mahiṣāsura, she comes in the form of Durgā. We won’t treat women as “abala nari” as she has every power but in the modern world although it is suppressed by ignorance due to the social disorder. In our system, women built families & contributed to build nation by nurturing rooted, honest, goal-oriented, dhārmik warriors who, later, built the whole nation. But modern feminism has destroyed families & roots by mocking our ancient system. As a result, feminism, which is contributed to destroying societies, became corrupt, nurtured drugs / alcohols addiction, gender-neutral social evils as there are no women-centric objectives, except the promotion of selfish, individualistic Cārvāka System. Image Credits: All Images have been taken from Google and The Indian Rover does not claim any rights on the images and paintings.
The functions of references When and why are references given? In this section, the main functions of sources and references in academic writing are explained. In order to present your ideas and findings, you have to discuss them in comparison or in contrast to previous research. Depending on what kind of text you are writing and what kind of sources you base your writing on, these sources may have different functions, however. Perhaps you refer to a source as a starting point, for instance, if you wish to challenge previous research. You can also refer to previous research in order to back up your own findings or ideas. Whatever use you make of sources, your reference should always have a clear function and it must be relevant to the argument of your text. When and why are references given? References are given whenever a source, which supplies some kind of fact, idea, or evidence, is used. In most academic texts, references have at least one of the following, sometimes overlapping, functions: To acknowledge previous research in the field By referring to previous, relevant, studies, you can present opposing views within the field while giving background information on the topic. In doing this, you also provide a basis for your own argument. This means that in your writing, you need to demonstrate your awareness of previous and related research within the field. In some disciplines, there is a designated part in essays and research papers for previous research, whereas such acknowledgements may be given anywhere in the text in other disciplines. text example here Text example The extract below comes from an article on evolutionary responses to anthropogenic changes to ecosystems. It comes from a journal titled Molecular Ecology. By referring to previous research in the field, the authors provide a factual background to their own discussion: Humanity already captures and uses more than half of the available fresh water on a global basis (Postel et al. 1996), largely through diversions and impoundments to rivers (Vitousek et al. 1997). Major dams typically remain in place for decades to centuries, producing long-lasting changes to natural ecosystems. These effects are pervasive: approximately 40 000 'large' (> 15 m tall) dams are in place worldwide (ICOLD 1998), and the vast majority of major rivers are impounded (McCully 2001). These impoundments have a particularly dramatic effect on the distribution, abundance, and life histories of migratory aquatic species (Merritt & Wohl 2002). (Waples, Zabel, Scheuerell, & Sanderson, 2007, p. 84-85) Comment: Here, too, an author-date reference style has been used. The sources referred to are placed in chronological order, thereby providing a brief overview of the progress within the research field. To position new research in relation to previous publications A central aim of research is to expand knowledge. In order to show what is new, scholarly writers need to position their work in relation to previous research in the field. This positioning is carried out in different ways, depending on discipline and text type. A common method is to present previous research and then present new facts that either expand the knowledge presented by earlier research, or, indeed, contradict it. In order to show what is new in their essay or article, writers thus need to acknowledge what has previously been published within the field. To present primary data to support the writer's claim Depending on discipline, writers use different kinds of primary data to support their claims, and the use they make of such data will differ. A research article within the fields of Medicine or Science will be backed up by clinical or experimental evidence (that is, evidence gathered and analysed for the study that is being reported). Similarly, a literary analysis will be backed up by textual evidence (that is, evidence from the text that is being analysed). As practices vary between disciplines, students are advised to consult their supervisors regarding appropriate ways of presenting primary data. Danger of over-referencing It is important to consider the relevance of the references that are being used. In the hope of showing everything that the writer has read, a common beginner's mistake is to insert too many and, thereby, irrelevant references. A common kind of over-referencing occurs when references are given to facts that can be seen as common knowledge; if readers to whom the text is directed can be expected to know a general fact that is being stated in the text, no reference is needed. Consequently, writers need to be aware of the audience for which they are writing. Note that over-referencing does not strengthen the writer's argument but may have the opposite effect! Videos on related topics In the videos below, you will find information on why to use sources and how references can help you build your argument. Page Manager: aweluluse \| 2021-06-19
Why is zero waste important? Scroll Down The Zero Waste Lifestyle brings together concepts like circular economy and looking at things like people’s shopping habits, changing views towards consumption and living in a more sustainable way. “Going zero waste” is a journey and a change in mindset that should alter our approach to resources. In its deepest meaning, it is not about recycling and diversion from landfills but about rethinking production and distribution systems to prevent waste from being manufactured in the first place. Getting deeper into the zero waste lifestyle is about picking the right fights and this will vary for each person. It is important to seek out the changes which are most feasible and best fit in with our individual lifestyles. Some advice for anybody is to start small and look for the easy changes that can have the biggest impact. It’s impossible to jump in and be zero waste from straight away because it is a lifestyle change. A good analogy is training to run a marathon. You wouldn't go out on the first day of training and run 26 miles. You start at a comfortable distance and built it up from there. If you start out with too much it will become overwhelming and it’s likely that you won’t make meaningful changes that stick long term. A way to comprehend what our consumption of resources and waste output actually means is by looking at what is called Earth Overshoot day. This is the date each year that a country has already consumed the resources which can naturally be renewed in a year. So ideally we want every country to have a date which is 31st December, or even better later than that meaning we would be using fewer resources than can be renewed. These figures per capita which gives a clear picture of much any country is consuming as a small country with a lower population could actually be consuming more per person. Looking at some commonly thought of polluters out there. The US’s overshoot day in 2018 was on March 15th, China was June 15th and the UK fell between these on May 8th. At this rate, if the whole world lived as the UK does, then we would need almost 3 planets worth of resources. Source: overshootday.org Calculate your own overshoot day with this free online carbon calculator. One of the most useful tools for getting into the zero waste mindset and move towards living a waste-free life is the 5 Rs of zero waste, popularised by Bea Johnson in her book Zero Waste Home. These actions should be followed in order from top to bottom to help prevent unnecessary waste. The 5 Rs of zero waste The best way to start living a more sustainable lifestyle is learning to refuse unneeded items. Imagine all the free handouts and marketing we receive. From junk mail that comes through the letterbox and all the receipts we get every time we go shopping. Think about the time it takes you to deal with that waste to make sure it is sorted and recycled effectively and on top of that, there is then the resources needed to transport and process this waste. And that is just a few paper items. If we learn to refuse unneeded items then the demand for it will be lower, meaning that less will be produced in the first place. Obviously, we cannot refuse everything in life. It’s undeniable that we need certain things, so the next step is to think about reducing what we need. The aim of reducing what we consume is to relieve the stress that is currently put on the planet’s resources and is leading to the multiple climate and environmental crises we face. This could come in the form of reducing the amount of energy needed for our daily activities, for example, walking more rather than driving or finding alternatives to everyday items that are less wasteful. The next step is to look to reuse items as much as possible before they become useless. At some point, they may be useless to you, but think could others find a use for them? That pair of jeans you love so much that doesn’t fit anymore, or that gadget that you no longer use are both treasures waiting to be donated to your local charity shop for somebody else to cherish and give a new home. Other ways that we can reuse items include rethinking how it could be used, repurposing it’s use into something different or seek out a way to repair the item if you don’t have the skills or knowledge how to fix it yourself. If an item is no longer reusable then the next step is to look at how it can be recycled. We all know about the kerbside facilities that are available to use at home (even if it is a little confusing at times what items go in what bins), but more and more there are extra ways to go a step further to make sure items are disposed of properly. Looking at even common everyday items, there are already alternative ways in which items can be recycled that are destined for the black bin. The Bare Alternative works with TerraCycle, a company that provides waste collections for typically hard to recycle items. There’s a great saying that “Recycling is a great place to start, but it's not the place to stop” and that’s because there are three other actions to take before we look to recycle. The final action for any item is disposal. Rotting refers to the process of returning resources back to the earth when it comes to the end of an item's usefulness, so seen as the last resort in the 5 Rs. The difference with rotting organic or food waste is that it closes the cycle and the waste is reusable again, whereas if the item is non-organic and is sent to landfill or incineration, then the cycle is broken and the resources are no longer useful. Source: Zero Waste Home, Bea Johnson There are so many parts to living a low impact or zero waste lifestyle that it can be hard to know what to look to first. Below are some of the most important issues that we look to tackle at The Bare Alternative with more information to help explain why this is a problem and what we can do to find solutions. Plastic pollution With so much single-use packaging going to waste, there is a major problem created with what to do with it. Waste incineration A dark side to Sheffield's waste disposal or an ingenious way to deal with rubbish? Food waste As much as a third of all food produced goes to waste, so how can shopping zero waste help reduce this? Zero waste shopping FAQs Starting to shop zero waste can be a change to normal shopping habits and lead to questions. Hopefully, there are some answers here. Learn more With so much to consider leading a lower impact lifestyle, here are some resources to help learn more.
Insurance Underwriters: What are Insurance Underwriters, and How to Become an Insurance Underwriter? What is Insurance Underwriting? Underwriting services are mainly provided by large financial institutions that ensure that the risk is properly calculated before carrying out a financial transaction of a meaningful magnitude. Underwriters, at times, take a guarantee of their risk assessment, and that means that in the case where the other party defaults, then the underwriters guarantee payments equivalent to the financial loss incurred. Over the recent past, Insurance Policy and plans have considerably increased in scope. Insurance tends to be an increasingly important aspect that needs to cover substantial ground pertaining to risk and reward related matters. As a matter of fact, it can be seen that insurance underwriting is nothing but a risk assessment that helps insurance companies to undermine the level of risk required. Insurance underwriting can therefore be described as a process of evaluating a company’s risk in insuring a given asset. Therefore, insurance underwriting can alternatively be termed as a risk assessment which helps the policy giver to ensure that proper ground has been covered that can help them devise a plan that correctly reflects the risks and rewards of the underlying scheme of affairs. Who are Insurance Underwriters? Insurance Underwriters evaluate the risks that are involved in ensuring assets, or commodities. Subsequently, they establish the relevant pricing for the level of risk that is undertaken by the company. Insurance Underwriters, for one, assume the specific risk that is involved in a contract with a given individual or an entity. For instance, they might assume the underlying risk involved within a house in case of fire, in exchange for a certain charge. The underwriter, in this scenario, assesses not only the possible damage caused by the fire, but also the probability of the fire itself. The underwriters’ job, therefore, is to ensure that they cover all the stated variables in the asset itself so that they can accurately calculate the respective probabilities regarding the chances of losses that might occur as a result. See also Strategic Alliance: Definition, Types, Importance, and Disadvantages For different types of insurance, there are different types of insurance underwriters present. For example, home insurance underwriters have a different lookout as compared to car insurance underwriters. Subsequent explanation and description of insurance underwriters are given in the following section: Types of Insurance Underwriters There are several types of insurance underwriters. They are given below: • Business Insurance Underwriters: Business Insurance refers to insuring business against possible and potential losses as a result of unforeseen circumstances and situations. Business Insurance Underwriters are responsible to calculate the underlying risk of the business so that a potential policy can be drafted. There are no two similar business-related policies. In this regard, business insurance underwriters are entrusted with the responsibility to ensure that all business risks are incorporated so that the chance of the insurance company losing out money as a result of unforeseen business losses is mitigated to a maximum extent. • Home Insurance Underwriters: Home Insurance covers ground pertaining to events that might potentially cause financial damage to the house itself. Therefore, home insurance tends to be increasingly important for homeowners, as well as for insurance companies. The main job of the home insurance underwriter is to ensure that they are able to assess the likelihood of repairs and maintenance expense within the house, which is going to eventually help them devise a strategy that can mitigate the level of risk involved in losses incurred by home insurance. • Car Insurance Underwriters: Car Insurance underwriting covers ground pertaining to damages caused to the car, under unforeseen circumstances. Insurance of motor vehicles needs to inculcate a variety of different factors, that might include the driving history (in terms of ticketing, overspeeding, etc.), as well as the condition of the vehicle itself. Car insurance underwriters need to prepare a policy that is aligned with the stated policy factors. • Life Insurance Underwriters: Life Insurance Policy underwriters involve devising policies that are based on a number of different factors that tend to have an influence on the health, and the lifeline of an individual. Therefore, life insurance underwriters are supposed to study and investigate these factors and assess the existing risk when it comes to setting policy for life insurance. It is important to use mathematical calculations to estimate the payouts, and the risk involved when issuing life insurance. • Health Insurance Underwriters: Health Insurance Underwriting also comprises of determining the level of risk involved in certain individuals. Regardless of the fact that this cannot be accurately calculated, yet there is no doubt to the fact that this tends to be a highly important step in drafting policy frameworks. See also Do Loan Fees Have To Be Amortized? (All You Need to Know) How to Become an Insurance Underwriter? There is no stringent requirement or degree path that can be selected when it comes to becoming an insurance underwriter. However, there is a preferable path that individuals can take on, in order to properly launch their career as an insurance underwriter. These steps have been summarized below: • Getting an Undergraduate degree: Getting an undergraduate degree is a core step in getting to know the field better. Even better, it greatly helps if the undergraduate degree is in the field of business and finance so that individuals can get a clear-cut idea regarding business functionality, and how business affairs work. • Researching and Goal Setting: Researching and goal setting is a primitive step in establishing a clear trajectory in pursuing a career as an insurance underwriter. Researching possible streams and fields of study within underwriting is an important part because it helps to determine the selected path of study, and how it can be further streamlined in the near future. • Professional Accounting/Risk-Management Degree: There are numerous different degree programs that can be undertaken in order to develop a stronger level of interest in the field itself. Getting a professional accounting and risk-related degree is resourceful because it greatly helps in securing a relevant internship or a job further on in the career. Degrees and certifications like CPA or ACCA can help in getting a holistic idea regarding how accounting works, and what can be done in order to get a deeper and broader idea regarding accounting and risk management-related stuff. • Getting an Internship: Theoretical study might not solely suffice because it might not give a proper idea regarding how the real business world functions. Hence, it is important to get enrolled in an internship that is going to help get an idea regarding the financial institutions, and how they function. Getting to know a mentor, who is already working as an underwriter is also really helpful because it helps to get an idea about what a typical job description of an underwriter really is. • Certifications and Diplomas: Risk Assessment and insurance underwriting is a skill that only grows and improves with time. However, there are numerous different certifications, diplomas, and training that can be undertaken in order to ensure that a proper skill set continues to develop for individuals who have finally decided to pursue a career as an insurance underwriter. See also Characteristics of Debenture And How do Debentures Work? The list that has been mentioned above is not exhaustive, and it is certainly not limited to the options mentioned above. However, it is important to consider the fact that insurance underwriting in itself tends to be a highly technical choice of career. Though not insurmountable, it does require a certain level of commitment by the individual in order to ensure that there is an acceptable level of skill set that can be used in order to undertake the responsibility of assessing the respective risks. Scroll to Top
A group of friends smiling and talking at an outdoor table. Dental Probiotics for Bad Breath: A Solution With Impressive Potential You brush. You floss. You rinse. You chew. Still, you can never banish bad breath for good. If you suffer from chronic bad breath, also known as halitosis, probiotics might offer exciting possibilities. Ongoing research indicates using good bacteria might provide a long-term solution to the mouth's foul-smelling odors. Find out how taking probiotics for bad breath could change your oral outlook. What Exactly Are Probiotics? Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts that benefit your health. Many use probiotics — which are found in fermented foods like yogurt and sauerkraut and supplements — to aid digestive health. Probiotics encourage the good bacteria in your gut to grow, leaving less room for the bad. Similarly, both good and bad bacteria reside in your mouth. Researchers continue to explore how probiotics can impact your oral health, including bad breath. What Types of Bacteria Cause Bad Breath? Bacteria found on the tongue and below the gums produce the foul-smelling gas behind most cases of bad breath. These bacteria emit volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) — such as hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan — that smell like rotten eggs and dying cabbage. While brushing, flossing, swishing mouth rinse, and chewing gum can remove gas-producing bacteria to freshen breath, these methods only work temporarily since the bacteria quickly repopulate. How Can Probiotics Help Prevent Bad Breath? A literature review thesis from the University of Connecticut shows the best way to get rid of offensive breath is to focus on colonizing the mouth with good bacteria instead of waging war against the bad. The review cites a study, which found that the Streptococcus salivarius strain K12 effectively reduces the bacterial growth associated with halitosis. Researchers gave test subjects K12 probiotic lozenges, and after one week, 85 percent of participants showed a significant reduction in VSC. Even more good news, these bacteria strains also helped reduce gingivitis, pharyngitis, oral candidiasis, and dental decay. How Can You Find Immediate Relief? Want more tips and offers sent directly to your inbox? Sign up now Mobile Top Image Was this article helpful? Thank you for submitting your feedback! If you’d like a response, Contact Us. Mobile Bottom Image
paul_saffo's picture Technology Forecaster; Consulting Associate Professor, Stanford University The Illusion of Scientific Progress Nature and nature's laws lay hid in night; God said "Let Newton be" and all was light. —Alexander Pope The breathtaking advance of scientific discovery has the unknown on the run. Not so long ago, the Creation was 8,000 years old and Heaven hovered a few thousand miles above our heads. Now Earth is 4.5 billion years old and the observable Universe spans 92 billion light years. Pick any scientific field and the story is the same, with new discoveries—and new life-touching wonders—arriving almost daily. Like Pope, we marvel at how hidden Nature is revealed in scientific light. Our growing corpus of scientific knowledge evokes Teilhard de Chardin's arresting metaphor of the noosphere, the growing sphere of human understanding and thought. In our optimism, this sphere is like an expanding bubble of light in the darkness of ignorance. Our optimism leads us to focus on the contents of this sphere, but its surface is more important for it is where knowledge ends and mystery begins. As our scientific knowledge expands, contact with the unknown grows as well. The result is not merely that we have mastered more knowledge (the sphere's volume), but we have encountered an ever-expanding body of previously unimaginable mysteries. A century ago, astronomers wondered whether our galaxy constituted the entire universe; now they tell us we probably live in an archipelago of universes.
Burn Out 101 Burn out may feel as though we’re stressed, overwhelmed, or strained due to our rigorous activities or responsibilities. As the pressure builds, we begin to become unmotivated and unwilling to put our best foot forward while being productive. We can even begin to burn out the fire for the passion we once had for such a project. Some adverse effects from burnout can include but are not limited to fatigue, feelings of hopelessness, resentment, doubt, and feeling quite drained. Although we may not notice, burnout can cause long-term changes to the body that make us more susceptible to illnesses. Burnout can cause unbalance in every area of life. It’s crucial to take care of yourself as soon as possible when you notice that you’re feeling burnt out. What can cause us to experience burnout? Stressful environments. Lack of control. Lack of social support. Anxiety. Work-life imbalance. You could be dealing with burnout if: You are having lots of bad days. You could feel as if everything that once seemed important is starting to seem like a waste of energy. You are always exhausted. You are growing uninterested or impatient during your daily tasks. You may even feel unappreciated or unimportant. Loss of motivation. Detachment. Pessimism. Decreased satisfaction. Decreased sense of accomplishment. Some of the more physical effects could be: Feeling drained most of the time. Lowered immunity. Frequent illnesses. Frequent headaches. Muscle aches. Change appetite. Change in sleep. Changes in behavior could be: Withdrawing. Isolating. Procrastinating. Use of coping mechanisms such as food, drugs, and alcohol. Taking out frustrations on others. Skipping, coming in late, or leaving work early. Stress and burnout may go hand in hand, yet they are considerably different in a way. Stress can come as a result of too much of something. Burnout can come from not having ENOUGH of something. Stress can come from too much pressure and demand. Burnout can arise from feeling mental exhaustion and lack of motivation. Most people are very aware that they are stressed. Most do not take notice when they are experiencing burnout. How can I manage my energy and prevent burnout? Some good techniques that can help manage the effects of burnout are: Try participating in relaxing activities or doing things that you enjoy. Exercise. Get a good amount of rest. Try yoga or meditation. Seek out a support group or friends and family that you can trust to talk about your experience. Figure out if there are other ways to approach the situation that is causing you to experience burnout. We should all try to be mindful of ourselves and give ourselves the peace of mind needed when overworking and over-stressing ourselves. The cost of over-committing. Have you ever planned things when you’re in a “good mood” and then suddenly the time comes and you’re thinking…”Why did I even agree to this?” For me, it happens way too often. I’m sure that others have been in the same boat as well. There are times when we say “YES.” When we should’ve said “NO.” I know that some may feel that it’s rude or mean. Maybe you think that you’ll lose friends. Perhaps you will not be proven to be the great person that you believe everyone perceives you as. But at the end of the day, your energy matters. Let’s take a look at the word Overcommit… Overcommit-: to commit excessively: such as a: to obligate (someone, such as oneself) beyond the ability for fulfillment b: to allocate (resources) in excess of the capacity for replenishment In other words, you’re sacrificing time and energy that you don’t necessarily have to give. HOW TO CONTROL AND MANAGE THE HABIT. A helpful way to overcome situations as such would be to add your task to a list or calendar. This method can help you to be more organized and avoid overlapping or overbooking anything into your schedule. When you find yourself overcommitting to a person or group, it is best to directly explain to them how this will not work for your schedule at the time being. If they do not understand, maybe it just was not in the cards for you to work with that particular individual. At this point, we need to focus and work on maintaining healthy boundaries for ourselves. We do not want to burn ourselves out by committing to responsibilities that we clearly should not have taken on. It is okay to say no to things. Sometimes it is the better option. CITATIONS: “Overcommit.” Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster, I am a writer. I am writer. There’s not doubt about it. Behind the scenes is where I stay. Behind the scenes is where I lay. What is to become of me? 25 years old… 25 years bold. 25 years….. Where do I go? Where do I set off to? I don’t know. A lot of us are just looking for something to get off to. “Will any of us ever come to?” I think this as I hear pitter patter and marching over my head as I try to come up with the best possible line of how I feel….. How do I feel? Every time I try to express how I feel , it seems that something gets in the way. Can I not feel how I feel? Can I not feel how I feel without making a big deal? GET REAL. -Poetry from Nacira Hall circa.2020 Quarantine 2020 If you’ve been to any of your local stores lately then i’m sure that you’ve noticed the lack of toilet tissue. As I was going through the line to check out some cleaning supplies that I thought were “essential”, I was told that I could only buy 1 of each item. The worker that stood spectating over the line came and confiscated the extra quantities of household cleaning supplies that I had loaded into my cart. What is going on?! The malls have closed. Restaurants, bars, movie theaters, hair and nail salons have all been asked to shut down. Even the NBA has canceled the sports season for now due to players testing positive for the virus. It has been advised that groups of 10 or more should not gather. The acts of ‘Social Distancing’ have been put into play. Everyone has been asked to stay home from work and school for the most part (some even laid off). Except for the healthcare workers who I feel deserve all the praise and gratitude right now for their bravery and selflessness. Everyone is hoarding goods from the grocery stores and markets. The shelves look like an apocalypse. I can say in my 25 years of living, I have yet to experience a pandemic such as COVID-19. There isn’t even any alcohol or hand sanitizer in stores right now. They can’t keep it on the shelves. The toilet paper companies got a raise this year! They are making a killing like never before in these times. All of the cleaning supplies have been wiped out like never before. Ground beef and meat? Scarcity at it’s best. It’s a great time to be a vegetarian that’s for sure! I haven’t had much of an issue stocking up on canned and frozen vegetables. The bread aisle has been picked clean. Everyone’s spidey senses are tingling through the roofs….or have they gone mad from hysteria? What happens when you eat too many chilli beans and have to go? Guess you better gather some old rags that you don’t want. Because you are literally S.O.L!! I can say that this series of events has given me a different outlook on toilet paper and how important it must be to keep a hefty stockpile of it in your home. Because you never know when there won’t be any in the stores. In conclusion, I do hope that this pandemic will seize rather quickly. They say it will get worse before it gets better. On a more positive note, I believe that this is a time for families to spend time together in their homes and get to know more about each other and grow closer. It’s a great time for ideas to be explored and unleashed, the ones that have been held captive due to strenuous daily activities. A time for everyone to slow down and allow the world to catch up with them. I hope that the growth from this allows us to come together and thrive together as humanity. Wishing everyone peace and good health during these times. -Quarantine 2020
Amazigh Name Generator The Amazighs, known as the Berbers, are an ethnic group that lives in North Africa. This generator will produce 15 random Amazigh (or Berber) names. Most live in Morocco and Algeria, but can be found in much of North Africa and in many communities throughout Europe. Despite their popular heritage, the Amazighs will vary a lot depending on where they live. Diverse cultural influences have left their mark throughout history and, in many ways, the only thing that brings the Amazighs together under a common factor is their language. Many Amazighs tend to have Arabian or Muslim names, probably due to the Muslim conquest of North Africa. In certain cases their first names are also very special in their own language, and in some cases they have a meaning. However, we decided that these meanings should be left out of this generator because most of the names have no significance or no established significance to add to us. The Berber population live in dispersed communities throughout Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger. They speak several different Berber languages belonging to the African-speaking family related to early Egyptian. These are called Arabic, Farsi, and the other Berber language dialects. In addition, some of them also speak Italian, French, and German. This is the main reason why they are often referred to as Berbers. Some of them live in Tunisia, while others live in Libya. In North Africa, Berber is the third most spoken language. One of the main reasons why these people are called Berber is the fact that they wear a head wrap which resembles the head covering used by the Egyptians. This head wrap is referred to as a hit. This hija is made of woolen fabric and worn over the head as a head covering. The name "hija" is derived from the Berber term "Hijara" which means head cover. The hija was not only used for protection, but also to improve a person's appearance. There are many cultures related to Berber. There are people who call themselves Berbers even if they do not belong to this particular group. In addition, there are people who consider Berber names as their real identity. A Berber man may adopt the name of his brother, or the mother. Women, on the other hand, use the name of their husband. However, there are also people who adopt the name of their own parents. People Also Search For amazigh names, berber names,
Commentary - (2021) Volume 8, Issue 2 Man-made reasoning and AI for clinical imaging: An innovation audit Gordana Zeba Author info » Man-made reasoning is the re-enactment of human knowledge measures by machines, particularly PC frameworks. Explicit utilizations of AI incorporate master frameworks, regular language handling, discourse acknowledgment and machine vision. • Good at conscientious positions; • Reduced time for information hefty errands; • Delivers steady outcomes; and • AI-controlled virtual specialists are consistently accessible. • Expensive; • Requires profound specialized mastery; • Limited supply of qualified specialists to construct AI apparatuses; • Only realizes what it's been shown; and • Lack of capacity to sum up starting with one undertaking then onto the next 2 kinds of man-made brainpower? • Type 1: Reactive machines. These AI frameworks have no memory and are task explicit. A model is Deep Blue, chess program that beat Garry Kasparov during the 1990s. Dark Blue can recognize pieces on the chessboard and make forecasts, but since it has no memory, it can't use past encounters to illuminate future ones. Type 2: Self-mindfulness. In this class, AI frameworks have a self-appreciation, which gives them awareness. Machines with mindfulness comprehend their own present status. This kind of AI doesn't yet exist. Instances of AI innovation Advanced mechanics. This field of designing spotlights on the plan and assembling of robots. Robots are frequently used to perform undertakings that are hard for people to perform or perform reliably. For instance, robots are utilized in sequential construction systems for vehicle creation or by NASA to move huge articles in space. Uses of Artificial Intelligence In agribusiness new AI progressions show enhancements in acquiring yield and to expand the innovative work of developing harvests. New man-made brainpower currently predicts the time it's anything but a harvest like a tomato to be ready and prepared for picking consequently expanding productivity of farming. These advances continue including Crop and Soil Monitoring, Agricultural Robots, and Predictive Analytics. Yield and soil observing utilizations new calculations and information gathered on the field to oversee and follow the wellbeing of harvests making it simpler and more maintainable for the ranchers. Man-made intelligence mentors could consider understudies to get extra, one-on-one assistance. They could likewise decrease tension and stress for certain understudies, that might be brought about by coach labs or human tutors In future study halls, encompassing informatics can assume a gainful part Author Info Gordana Zeba 1University of Slavonski Brod, Slavonski Brod, Croatia Published Date: Jun 30, 2021 Get the App
Eskimo curlew Also found in: Thesaurus, Wikipedia. Es′kimo cur′lew a New World curlew, Numenius borealis, that breeds in N North America: possibly extinct. [1805–15, Amer.] ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Noun1.Eskimo curlew - New World curlew that breeds in northern North AmericaEskimo curlew - New World curlew that breeds in northern North America curlew - large migratory shorebirds of the sandpiper family; closely related to woodcocks but having a down-curved bill References in periodicals archive ? The team is confident that three Brazilian birds--including the Spix's Macaw, which was made famous by the Disney film Rio--are gone for good in the wild, along with the Javan lapwing, Eskimo curlew, and New Caledonian lorikeet. Consider the Eskimo Curlew (Numenius borealis), one of the book's numerous avian victims ("Not rich in plumage, but high in flavor," he wrote in a 1792 poem). Two - slender-billed curlew from Siberia and eskimo curlew from Arctic Canada - have gone extinct in the last 50 years.
Integrity Matters October 10, 2007 'Wooden bowl' model shows that actions speak louder than words Question: (E-309) What is an "integrity-centered" way to treat elderly parents? My response is shaped by this anonymously written "wooden bowl" illustration. A frail old man went to live with his son, daughter-in-law and 4-year old grandson. The elderly grandfather's shaky hands and failing sight made eating difficult. Peas rolled off his spoon onto the floor. He frequently spilled milk on the tablecloth. Irritated with the mess; the son and daughter-in-law decided to do something about father because they'd had enough of his spilled milk, noisy eating, and food on the floor. There, the grandfather ate alone while the rest of the family enjoyed dinner, together. Since Grandfather had broken a dish or two, his food was now being served in a wooden bowl. Their 4-year-old watched it all in silence. One evening before supper, the father noticed his son playing with wood scraps on the floor; asking, "So, what are you making?" The son said, "Oh, I am making a little bowl for you and Mama to eat your food when I grow up." The parents were speechless. Tears streamed down their cheeks. Though no word was spoken, both knew what must be done. That evening the husband took Grandfather's hand, leading him back to the family table. Human beings tell others a lot about themselves by how they handle many things, including: rainy days, the elderly, lost luggage, crying children, a poor golf shot, rude service people and tangled Christmas tree lights. Every day offers opportunities to reach out, including to the elderly. And one of the most important forms of outreach begins with listening, seeking to understand and support other people - often when they are least able to help themselves, including aging parents. People love that human touch, especially genuine recognition and appreciation. What we do speaks louder, and more powerfully, than what we say. Great wisdom says to "preach positive values, using words only if you must." Current and future generations emulate what they see in the ways adults treat others. Bottom line: Good things happen to good people who do good deeds, demonstrating that integrity is contagious - and this includes the treatment of elderly parents. P.O. Box 22467, Carmel, California 93922
Geoscience Reference In-Depth Information All this information should be represented in a well-defined, mutually exclusive, and totally exhaustive classification scheme. However, in many instances, it would be useful to know more about the boundaries or edges of different LC types. For example, when performing change detection (i.e., looking for changes over time), it is important to know whether real change exists and that change is going to occur along the boundaries between cover types. Therefore, it is important that more research and study be undertaken to better understand this boundary and edge issue. Reference Data Collection Reference data are typically assumed to be correct and are used to evaluate the results of the LC mapping. If the reference data are wrong, then the LC map will be unfairly judged. If the reference data are inefficiently collected, then the project may suffer from unnecessarily high costs or an insufficient number of samples to properly evaluate the results. Reference data are a critical, very expensive, and yet often overlooked component of any spatial analysis. For example, aerial photographic interpretation is often used as reference data for assessing a LC map generated from digital satellite imagery. The photographic interpretation is assumed correct because it often has greater spatial resolution than the satellite imagery and because photogrammetry has become a time-honored skill that is accepted as accurate. However, photographic interpretation is subjective and can be significantly wrong. If the interpretation is wrong, then the results of the accuracy assessment could indicate that the satellite-based map is of poor accuracy when actually it is the reference data that are inappropriate. There are numerous examples in the literature documenting problems with collecting improper or inadequate reference data. One especially insidious problem with reference data collection is the size of the sample area in which the reference data are collected. Clearly, it is important to collect reference information that is representative of the mapped area. In other words, if the map is generated with remotely sensed data that have 30- 30-m pixels, it does not make sense to collect reference data for a 5-m area. A current example of this situation is the use of the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots collected by the U.S. Forest Service across the country. It is important that these inventory plots be large enough to provide valid reference data. The opposite situation must also be carefully monitored. For example, it is not appropriate to assess the accuracy of a 1-ha mapping unit with 5-ha reference data. The reference data must be collected with the pixel size and/or the minimum mapping unit of the map in mind. Additionally, the same exact classification scheme using the same exact rules must be used to label the reference data and to generate the map. Otherwise, errors will be introduced by classification scheme (definitional) differences and the error matrix created will not be indicative of the true accuracy of the map. Using well-designed field forms that step the collector through the process can be very helpful in ensuring that the reference data are collected at the proper scale and with the same or appropriate classification scheme to accurately assess the map. Beyond the Error Matrix: Fuzzy Assessment As remote sensing projects have grown in complexity, so have the associated classification schemes. The classification scheme then becomes a very important factor influencing the accuracy of the entire project. Recently, papers have appeared in the literature that point out some of the limitations of using only an error matrix with a complex classification scheme. A paper by Congalton and Green (1993) recommends the error matrix as a jumping-off point for identifying sources of confusion and not just error in the remotely sensed classification. For example, the variation in human interpretation can have a significant impact on what is considered correct and what is not. As previously mentioned, if photographic interpretation is used as the reference data in an accuracy assessment and the interpretation is not completely correct, then the results of the accuracy assess- ment will be very misleading. The same statements are true if ground observations, as opposed to Search WWH :: Custom Search
10 good reasons to eat an orange a day Sweet and juicy to taste, oranges are popular all over the world. Belonging to a group of citrus fruits called hesperedium, oranges have more health benefits than one. Here are the top 10 health benefits of the fruit. . Boosts your immunity 2. Good for your skin As we grow older, our skin along with other body parts suffers from free radical damage. This process is similar to how metals rust after exposure to air. Even though it is inevitable, oranges are packed with antioxidants and Vitamin C which slows down the process and makes you look younger than your age! Besides oranges, you can eat these fruits and vegetables for glowing skin! 3. Great for your eyes Along with our skin, our eyes too suffers from damage as we grow older. Oranges are rich in nutrients like Vitamin A, Vitamin C and potassium which are great for your eyes. So, if you want your vision to be just as good as it is now, eat an orange every day! 4. Prevents heart disease One of the reasons why people get heart disease is because their arteries are blocked due to unhealthy lifestyles and consumption of junk food. Oranges have flavonoids like hesperidin which reduces cholesterol and prevents your arteries from getting blocked. This, in turn protects you from heart attack and various other cardiovascular diseases. Alternatively, you could try these 8 natural cholesterol busters. 5. Helps in brain development Folate and folic acid present in oranges promote brain development and keep the vital organ in mint condition. In fact, these nutrients also make orange a healthy fruit for pregnant woman as it prevents the baby from having neurological disorders later. 6. May support cancer prevention Having cancer can be a tough and harrowing experience for both the patient and the caregiver. Research has shown that a compound called D – limonene present in oranges can prevent various types of cancer like lung cancer, breast cancer, skin cancer, etc. Additionally, the antioxidants and Vitamin C help promote the body’s immunity which helps in fighting cancer cells. Here are some food habits to keep cancer at bay. 7. Keeps you free from stomach ulcers Oranges are a very good source of fiber which helps keep your stomach and intestines healthy. A diet rich in fiber will ensure that you are not affected with ailments like stomach ulcers and constipation. 8. Protects your vision 9. Weight loss One cup of oranges contains only 85 calories, making this a nutrient-dense, low-calorie food. The same serving also contains 4.3 grams of dietary fiber. This compound aids in weight loss by promoting regular bowel movements and helping you feel full for longer periods of time. 10. Prevents hair loss Orange has high Vitamin C content which is required for producing collagen which, in turn, is responsible for keeping the tissues in your hair together. Nobody likes bald patches on their head, and eating oranges can ensure that you do not have to part with your lovely hair as you grow older. No comments: Post a Comment
Best answer: What is the origin of arthritis? What is the root of arthritis? What is the origin of rheumatoid arthritis? The origin of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is in our opinion a bacterial infection. The infection gives rise to changes in the macrophages, with release of enzymes, etc., and secondarily abnormal immune processes occur. Who named arthritis? The first recognized description of rheumatoid arthritis was in 1800 by the French physician Dr Augustin Jacob Landré-Beauvais (1772-1840) who was based in the famed Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris. The name “rheumatoid arthritis” itself was coined in 1859 by British rheumatologist Dr Alfred Baring Garrod. What did the ancients use for arthritis? More than 2500 years ago, Egyptian physicians treated OA with ointments containing fat, oil, honey or bone marrow, often added to various dry ingredients such as: flour, baking soda, cumin and incense. What causes arthritis at an early age? Certain factors increase a young person’s likelihood of developing arthritis. Gender, genetics, and having excess weight all play a role. It is challenging to receive an arthritis diagnosis at a young age. But there are various treatment options available that allow people with arthritis to live full and active lives. IT IS AMAZING: What kind of doctor treats arthritis in hands? How do you make arthritis go away? Remember to talk to your doctor before trying any remedy for arthritis, whether it involves medication or not. 1. Manage your weight. … 2. Get enough exercise. … 3. Use hot and cold therapy. … 4. Try acupuncture. … 5. Use meditation to cope with pain. … 6. Follow a healthy diet. … 7. Add turmeric to dishes. … 8. Get a massage. Does arthritis hurt all the time?
XR Talks is a series that features the best presentations and educational videos from the XR universe. It includes embedded video, as well as narrative analysis and top takeaways. Speakers’ opinions are their own. For a deeper indexed and searchable archive, subscribe to ARtillery PRO. In daily interactions in spatial computing, we can get lost in the weeds. That makes the exercise of stepping back to look at the big picture valuable for perspective. How does spatial computing sit in a long line of technologies that got us here? And how will it carry that torch forward? Answering this is the job of futurists, and one who’s particularly adept at breaking it down is Convergence* author Charlie Fink. As he outlined at AWE in May (video below), past innovation cycles can inform the course and pace of spatial computing. It’s all about converging tech. “AR is maturing alongside a number of technologies in the same way that aerospace developed alongside of the piston engine. In this case we have a number of digital technologies which are coming together to change life as we know it… The Holy Grail is the moment is when we live in a world where computing is invisible ubiquitous and wearable. The evidence is all around us in little pieces, they haven’t yet converged [in] a device that we all use the way we use our smartphone, but it’s happening.” Part of the fun and frustration of that convergence is that we don’t know how it will materialize (cue Bill Gates quote about overestimating near term, underestimating long term). Part of that also involves the law of unintended consequences, which can mean good and bad outcomes. “We thought the internet was going to make us more free… because the truth can’t be suppressed on the Internet. And of course we didn’t realize that lies cannot be suppressed on the Internet either…Convergence also means platform innovation. The guys who created the steam engine didn’t know what was going to happen. They didn’t understand the factory and automation and the assembly line but it became the first source of power.” Back to historical metaphors, one piece of the convergence puzzle that Fink says is missing is interoperability of spatial experiences. This is sort of like HTML today which created a common language for the web and for companies like Google to create value in an organizational layer. “Without HTML, there is no Google. How do you search the internet without HTML? In the same way, [AR] needs an underlying layer which can unify it and make it searchable. Mirrorworld refers specifically to the digital twin of the real world mapped exactly on it, so there’s a digital twin of a tree and it’s automatically and perfectly mapped to that tree so that you can anchor content to that tree [which] becomes searchable.” Another missing piece to the AR future we all envision is a system of filters and permissions. Otherwise, there will be digital overload. We’ll have to filter content in personalized ways that are governed by explicit preferences that are a sort of training set for ongoing intelligent filtration. “How is the AI that controls these devices going to know? How is it going to say ‘hey Charlie, there’s relevant information here that you might want to see’? Well of course we will need a system of filters to do that… it’s going to be a lot like the content we already are consuming, but placed spatially and consumed in a contextually relevant time and place… I don’t want to see pictures of food in a news feed, I want to see pictures of food when I’m in the restaurant.” One of those filters will likely draw from social signals, or a sort of spatial version of what we now know as the social graph. This was a concept we’ve examined in light of Facebook’s long quest to build a “social layer” to the spatial web as part of several XR efforts to future-proof its business. “I don’t want to see everybody’s pictures of food in the restaurant, I just want to see the pictures of food from people that I know, from people in my social graph. So that social graph will continue to have a tremendous amount of importance in a visual-spatial world.” Speaking of Facebook, tech giants’ already-apparent motivations for the spatial web (a topic of our contributed chapter* to Convergence) will naturally lead to walled gardens or at least proprietary silos of some sort. As long as they’re interoperable, per the above HTML metaphor, it could work. “One of the biggest topics in AR is the AR cloud. There is no one AR cloud of course, there are going to be hundreds of AR clouds… Facebook does not want Google in its AR cloud, that’s not going to happen. What we’re going to need is a system of filters that is smart enough to cut across all of those layers and all of those silos. we can only do it if we have a base layer that every device understands and can be anchored to.” Sticking with tech giants, the multi-billion dollar question that everyone is asking is what market-inflecting hardware will apple launch in the next 1-2 years? As we’ve speculated, v1 of its proposed AR glasses could be a “notification layer,” followed by years of evolution… just like the iPhone. “So there’s one big wild card: What’s Apple going to do? I’ve been known to flirt with Mac rumors so I’ll throw one out there for you: I keep thinking it’s going to be like the iPod iterated itself into the iPhone. What if it’s not really AR the way we’re thinking about it… maybe it’s a media consumption machine… it’s like you just bought the most high-definition big-screen TV in the world even though you might live in a 600 square foot apartment. So I think it’s very possible that this is where Apple is going and they will iterate their way out of it as 5G improves… that becomes more and more mobile as the form factors and the supporting technologies improve.” Meanwhile, another flavor of AR is deviating from common connotations: audio AR. This is our new favorite topic as it builds on a base of heareables like AirPods, which are conditioning users for a persistent audio channel at massive scale. And it could beat its graphical cousin to market. “The solution lies in sound because it’s something we’re already doing… Why can’t we do a lot of the things that we’re thinking that glasses are going to do?… I’m wearing my AirPods and I’m listening to NPR news and it pauses to tell me the A-train is on time and your first meeting is at 9:30. That would be useful and it wouldn’t be interruptive… If we’re at lunch and my my face starts lighting up and I’m reading, it’s gonna be pretty rude. These social issues with regard to new technology are real. But people wear these earbuds all day long and it is not weird to talk to somebody wearing AirPods. There are two ways into the brain: One is through optically through the eyes and the other is orally through the ears. So it may be that the first beachhead for AR is going to be sound.” See the full talk below. *Disclosure: AR Insider has no financial stake in the companies mentioned in this post, nor received payment for its production. AR Insider Editor Mike Boland contributed a chapter to the book reviewed in this article, but he nor us receive financial incentive nor direct payment for book sales. Disclosure and ethics policy can be seen here. Header image credit: AWE
Home / Blog / How Many Hours Do Registered Nurses Work How Many Hours Do Registered Nurses Work Nursing is not an easy job. It requires a lot of energy, attention, cooperation, patience, and much more. Although these things are required for every other job, their magnitude increases when it comes to nursing. Some nurses who work 12 hours a day have to work three days a week. The three days off might seem to be a bonus to those who have no idea how those three days go by. Let’s have an insider of how long do register nurses work. How Many Hours Does A Nurse Work In A Day? Typically a registered nurse gets to work any one of the 8, 10, or 12 hours shift. It depends upon the employer, the nurse’s preferences, and specialty. Employer’s Point Of View In some health institutes, the schedules are followed strictly. In such cases, the nurses cannot exceed their work shift; neither can they leave early without a valid reason. This is for the safety of both the nurses and the patients. If nurses work extra hours without proper sleep or rest, they end up making errors in dealing with the patients. These errors can even be fatal for the patients. Studies have shown the chances of these errors are higher in nurses who work more than 8.5 hours a day. Another reason for restricted shift hours is arranging for a replacement. If a nurse with an 8-hours shift calls in sick, the employer will only have to arrange a replacement for a single shift. But if any emergency arises with a nurse working double shifts, then it will be difficult to arrange for a replacement. Nurse’s Preferences Some nurses prefer to work day shift over a night shift. Some prefer to work longer hours like 12, while others prefer an 8-hours shift. Inpatient wards, like ICU or emergency unit, require 24-hours working staff. Nurses working in these wards get to work longer hours. While clinical wards like OPD or school nursing usually do not operate for 24 hours. This automatically restricts nurses from working longer hours. The working hours of registered nurses are also calculated on a weekly or yearly bases. How Many Hours Does A Nurse Work In A Week? Nurses usually have the option to work 40 hours or 36 hours a week. It depends upon the number of hours a nurse works in a day as well as the employer’s working policy. Usually, a nurse working 12 hours a day is required to work 36 hours a week. While the nurses working 8-10 hours a day have to complete 40 hours a week. However, some employers restrict nurses to complete 40 hours regardless of how long they work in a day. How Many Hours Does A Registered Nurse Work In A Year? Every year, a nurse working 40 hours a week will have 2080 working hours a year, whereas a nurse working 36 hours a week will make it to 1872 hours a year. How Many Hours Does A Part-Time Registered Nurse Work? The working hours of a part-time nurse cannot be standardized. They vary depending upon the nurse’s and the employer’s requirements. Usually, their total working hours make up to less than 30 hours a week as most professions consider 30 hours to be full-time working hours. That’s Not All! These working hours are what registered nurses are usually scheduled for. However, most of the time, they are exceeded due to various reasons. They include the absence of a scheduled nurse for the coming shift, the coming of an emergency, reporting to the doctor, etc. After completing a tedious 8-12 hours shift, it can be quite irritating to exceed it even an hour for such reasons. If a nurse on an 8-hours shift has to deal with some critical patients, complete dozens of tasks, and visit different departments almost every minute, your job is no less difficult than a 12-hour shift. Nursing being a demanding job requires a nurse to be fully prepared before the shift and take complete rest after the shift as well. This means that the nurse has to miss out on some of her house chores or gatherings, so to take rest and prepare herself for the shift. This ultimately becomes an issue for nurses working 12-hours shifts. They wake up only a few hours before getting back to work. This keeps the nurses engaged for twice their working hours. Some nurses ended up working more than 16 hours a day. This makes them vulnerable to several health issues. Some of the most common ones are anxiety, depression, fatigue, and even cardiovascular diseases. An employer must mainly take care of the nurses’ schedules. It is essential for them as well for the patients. How To Survive Long Shift? For nurses to keep going and not ending up all stressed out, they have to be following some of the tips mentioned below. • Take care of your sleep. • Take healthy and well-balanced snacks during your shift instead of junk food. • Take small breaks to get some fresh air. • Try to schedule your work at the beginning of your shift to get it all done in time without having to stay later. • Do not compromise on your water intake and drink plenty of it. Nurses are irreplaceable. They take care of the patient and offer comfort more than doctors. No health facility can run without them. This is what keeps the people opting for it every time despite it being a difficult job. There are more than 2.7 million nurses in the USA. These people want to help others and like to see them improve their health. To fulfill their ambition of helping humanity, they have to take care of themselves too. They must maintain a work-life balance to be able to serve in a better way for as long as they can. About Rachel Check Also Five Careers that Only Require an Associate's Degree \| The Touro College and University System Is Getting An Associates Degree In Nursing Worth It? Nursing is one of the finest alternatives if you want to put your love for … Leave a Reply
What Are Some Good Ethics? What are the best work ethics? The Top 10 Work Values Employers Look ForStrong Work Ethic. Employers value employees who understand and possess a willingness to work hard. Dependability and Responsibility. Possessing a Positive Attitude. Honesty and Integrity. Self – Motivated. Motivated to Grow & Learn. Strong Self – Confidence.More items…•. Which are ethical standards? What are work ethics and values? What are the 8 great working habits? What are the 7 ethical principles? What are Ethics definition? Ethics, also called moral philosophy, the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad and morally right and wrong. The term is also applied to any system or theory of moral values or principles. What are the pillars of ethics? What are the 12 principles of ethics? What are sources of ethics? In every society there are three sources of business ethics-Religion, Culture and Law. The HR manager in every organisation, thus, has to be well versed with the unique system of values developed by these three sources. What are positive ethics? Positive ethics is a new approach to conceptualizing ethics that fits well with the values of counseling psychology. … They argue that while ethical standards outline limitations, they can go further and provide inspiration to fulfill one’s highest professional potential. What are the 5 ethical standards? What are the top work ethics? Examples of work ethic skillsReliability.Dedication.Discipline.Productivity.Cooperation.Integrity.Responsibility.Professionalism. What are mandatory ethics? Mandatory ethics are those minimum standards by which all counselors should practice. Counselors who practice at this level are considering what they “must” and “must not” do; this is practicing the letter, but not the spirit, of the ethical code. What are the 10 work ethics? What are the types of ethics? Types of ethicsSupernaturalism.Subjectivism.Consequentialism.Intuitionism.Emotivism.Duty-based ethics.Virtue ethics.Situation ethics. What are the six basic principles of ethics? What are basic ethics? What are professional work ethics? According to the National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE), Professionalism / Work Ethic is defined as: Demonstrating personal accountability and effective work habits, e.g., punctuality, working productively with others, and time workload management, and understand the impact of non-verbal communication on …

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.