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Thursday, 28 January 2016 Galilean to Special in One Page This is not the first time that I have tried to explain how to get from very basic (Galilean) relativity (the si = so + vt sort of thing) to special relativity. What I have done here, however, is try to boil it down to one page that could conceivably be printed out and pored over. Here goes: So, what I am wondering is – does this make any sense to anyone other than me? I should, perhaps, explain some things. First, priming notation in the uppermost box. The prime indicates that the quantities in question are not fixed, the distance (x') between M and the little cloud (notionally an explosion at some location) changes with time (t'). This notation is carried through to the second box. In this box, however, it's not necessarily the case that we know the location of the explosion. Without external assistance, we can't immediately know where it happened without knowing when it happened, and we can't immediately know when it happened without knowing where it happened. Therefore, rather than consider the explosion per se, we consider the photons from the explosion at the moment that S and M were collocated. In the third box, it becomes clear that prime notation is relative. For S, primed means "in motion relative to me" but for M, primed means "stationary relative to me". Another way to think of it is that x' is always the distance between M and the event and t' is always the time taken for a photon to reach M from the event, while x and t relate to similar values associated with S, irrespective of which is moving (S or M). Finally, in the lowermost box, I mention "inequalities". I think that this is pretty obvious, but the point is that if S is in motion away from location at which S and M met, then it will take more time for those photons to reach S than it would if S were stationary. In each case the other's measure of an invariant distance is one's own measure multiplied by some factor (which we go on to calculate). The remainder is, I believe, pretty self-explanatory. A further step one can take is to simply divide the resultant equation by c. This gives us: x'/c = (x/c - vt/c)/√(1 - v2/c2) And, since x = ct and x' = ct' t' = (t - v/c2.x)/√(1 - v2/c2) This is the standard Lorentz Transformation in the time domain. It's all quite simple really. It might be worth noting that, in the process above, I make no assumptions or claims about the value or nature of c. We do know that light from an explosion consists of photons that travel at some speed. We could even consider one photon that passes M and continues on to S rather than two separate photons. There's nothing in the scenario which would drive a change in speed of the photon. We don't need to know more than this to arrive at our equations and the odd features of relativity (like photons always travelling in vacuo at c compared to individual observers irrespective of any motion they might have relative to other observers and having two spaceships travel towards the other at 0.75c each [relative to a third observer] but at 0.96c combined [relative to each other, rather than 1.5c]) fall out of those equations. The value of c becomes (in this derivation) merely something that needs to be measured. Interestingly, it was Galileo of Galilean relativity fame who is credited with first attempting to measure the speed of light in 1638. He concluded that it was very fast, if not instantaneous and gave it a figure of at least 10 times the speed of sound (so therefore at least 3403 m/s). Given that he had concluded that light has a speed, Galileo could have conceivably arrived at special relativity with no more than the information that he had to hand. To be fair to him, when he attempted to measure the speed of light Galileo has been under house arrest for five years, having been found guilty of heresy for his support of Copernicus, and he died four years later. And even if he had arrived at special relativity, such an idea may have been considered too heretical for him to pursue with the church looking over his shoulder. I thought it might also be worth mentioning the last step, in which I drop the subscripts. I only do this to arrive at the standard equations. I would keep the subscripts, if that were permitted, because I think they make some things clearer. For example, it might not be immediately obvious by (4) and (5) are actually the equations for length contraction. Consider xS and xM. The former, xS is a measurement made by S who is considered by M to be in motion. What is xS in terms of xM? This is given by (4), xM = γ.xS so xS = xM/γ. Using standard length contraction terms, this is L = L0/γ (occasionally and, rather confusingly, written as Δx' = Δx/γ – although this usage appears to have declined over the past decade or so). No comments: Post a Comment Feel free to comment, but play nicely!
Saturday, 29 December 2012 Click here for the 'Seeds of Eaden' seed shop I was asked the other day ‘What is the difference between a soup and a broth?’ Good question. Simple, surely a broth is a thin, unenhanced soup, isnt’t it? But then what is the difference between a stock and a broth? Or a stew? Or a bisque? Even a Chowder, Consomme or a Puree? A soup is typically a combination of vegetables or meats cooked in liquid. They are made up of a thin water, juice or milk based broth. They are considered a starter not a main course. They can be cooked or uncooked and served hot or cold. Soups are cooked at high temperatures and rely on herbs, spices and garnishes to create their deep flavours. Bisque is a thick, creamy soup. It is traditionally made from pureed shell fish. All parts of the shell fish are used, even the shells, and ground into a thick paste and added back to the bisque. A Chowder is a soup that is thickened with flour. Often its is seafood based such as clam chowder, but can consist of vegetables. A broth is an un-thickened liquid food in which meat, fish, grains or vegetables have been simmered, and is eaten as a finished dish. It is often the starting point for other liquids such as soups or gravies. Broths differ from stocks in that they are made from finer foods and are richer and more nourishing than a stock. Stews are thicker than soups. They are often thickened with potatoes and are served hot. Ingredients in a stew are chunkier than a soup, and the liquid in a stew is more of a gravy than a broth. Stews are cooked over a low heat for a long time. Generally stews contain less liquid than soups. A consommé is a broth that has been adapted. Often egg whites are added to the broth and simmered gently to coagulate the sediment, which rises to the top. This sediment is skimmed off the surface and a clear, pale liquid remains. A purée is a food that has been mashed, pressed and strained into a soft paste. They are often made up from vegetables of fruit. They can resemble soups or gravies but are separated merely a less complex cooking process and by the lack of additional ingredients. Monday, 17 December 2012 Click here for the 'Seeds of Eaden' seed shop Gingerbread is quick and easy to make, making it ideal for children to have a go too. Why limit yourself to gingerbread men and women when you can make gingerbread animals, Christmas tree decorations or gingerbread houses. Makes 12 decorations 200g soft brown sugar 200g butter 500g self-raising flour 4 tablespoon golden syrup 1 tablespoon ground ginger 1 teaspoon mixed spice ½ teaspoon nutmeg To decorate: 100g Royal icing Pre-heat oven to 180C/gas mark 4. Gently melt the butter, sugar and golden syrup in a large pan. Sift into a bowl the flour, ginger, mixed spice, and nutmeg. Add the butter mixture to the dry ingredients and mix together with a wooden spoon to form a stiff dough. Line two baking sheets with baking paper. Lightly dust the work surface with flour and roll out the dough until it is 5 mm thick. Using a large snowflake template cut out the gingerbread. Alternatively use Christmas tree, stocking, reindeer or snowman templates, Make a hole in the top centre with a skewer for hanging on the tree. Transfer to the baking sheets. Bake for 15-20 minutes until lightly browned. Allow to cool on the baking sheet for 10 minutes, and then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely. Decorate with piped icing and hang with ribbon on the tree. Saturday, 15 December 2012 Click here for the 'Seeds of Eaden' seed shop This cake is an ideal centrepiece on any table, and can be customised easily. You can be as creative as you like with the decoration, and even add gingerbread men and women into the scene. The sky's the limit. Serves 12 200g soft brown sugar 200g butter 500g self-raising flour 4 tablespoon golden syrup 1 tablespoon ground ginger 1 teaspoon mixed spice ½ teaspoon nutmeg 450g royal icing sugar 75ml water To decorate: Desiccated coconut 4 tubes of Smarties 3 pack of Jelly tots Pre-heat oven to 180C/gas mark 4. Line two baking sheets with baking paper. Lightly dust the work surface with flour and roll out the dough until it is 5 mm thick. Using a house template cut out the house pieces and transfer to the baking sheets. Bake for 15-20 minutes until lightly browned. Allow to cool on the baking sheet for 10 minutes, and then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely. To assemble the house you will need to use the royal icing to act as glue. Place the royal icing sugar in a bowl and add the water. Mix together to form a thick paste. Place the icing mixture into a piping bag. Pipe the strips of icing onto the edges of the gingerbread pieces. One by one stick the wall pieces together. Support the house whilst you build it by placing cans next to each wall. Allow the icing to dry for at least 1 hour. Ice along the edges of the roof and attach to the gingerbread house, supporting the structure with cans and books until the structure is dry. Tuesday, 11 December 2012 Click here for the 'Seeds of Eaden' seed shop Poinsettias are traditional Christmas plants and belong to the plant group Euphorbia Pulcherrima. They are available as traditional red flowering, but also come in pink or white. The ‘flowers’ are actually bracts (modified leaves) and the flowers are the inconspicuous yellow centres that lie within the bracts. There are sixty-five million poinsettias bought worldwide each year, but too often by New Year all that is remaining in the pot are a few sticks and some sorry looking leaves. But you can make your poinsettia last the festive season, and into spring and next winter, if you care for them successfully. Poinsettias hate draughts and the cold. All too often they are damaged even before they are displayed in your home, either by being sold in by cold supermarket doors or on the way home. Select a poinsettia that is in a sheltered position in the shop, and wrap it up before taking it out. Ensure you choose a healthy plant free from pest and diseases and one that has plenty of leaves and buds. Give careful consideration to the location of the plant within your home. They require a warm and light position, but need to avoid being placed directly next to radiators and windows. Keep the temperature constant between 15C-22C. Water only when the compost feels dry, but remember poinsettia can be thirsty plants. Maintain a high humidity around the plants, so either mist occasionally or alternatively fill a saucer half with gravel and water and place near to the plant. Feed once a month with a tomato food. A few months after Christmas the plants will start to fade. In order to stay bright poinsettias require equal amounts of light and dark, which is a challenge when the days start to get longer again. Move the plant to a cool, dark position indoors and water as weekly as required. Often poinsettias get too leggy to use again the following season so you can take new cuttings from the plant during the summer. However, with effort, you can nurse the parent through until the following Christmas. Re-pot your poinsettia in April into a slightly bigger pot using compost consisting of 3 parts John Innes 3 and 1 part grit. Cut the plant down to 10cm high. Once the danger of frost has passed and the ground has warmed up the plant can be placed outside. Select a bright, sunny spot and sink the pot into the ground. Water as necessary. Bring the plant back into the house during September before it gets too cold. Place in a light, sunny position and feed with a low nitrogen feed every three weeks. During October and November you need to mimic short days and long nights in order to promote bushing on the plants. Place in a dark room during the evening, ensuring no light shines on the plant, and then place back in a sunny position during the day. The plant should burst into life during December. Friday, 7 December 2012 Click here for the 'Seeds of Eaden' seed shop The seahorse is a graceful inhabitant of the warmer seas and look like a piece from a chess kit. An oddity among ocean life, the seahorse was at one time thought to be a mythological animal. The seahorse is a member of the pipefish family, belonging to the order Gasterosteiformes, family Syngnathidae and species Hippocampus. There are 35 species ranging in size from a 2.5 cm pigmy variety to the giant 35 cm Eastern Pacific seahorse. Seahorses are usually found in warm, shallow water amongst sea grass beds. While some species prefer muddy or sandy areas, others can be found hanging onto corals, sponges, mangrove roots or even wrapped around the mooring ropes of boats. In all cases seahorses will be found where there is deep, fast water channel nearby to provide a good supply of their main food, plankton. Seahorses are poor swimmers. They rely on their dorsal fin beating at 30-70 times per second to propel it along. Pectoral fins either side of the head help with stability and steering. Their tails are prehensile; that is they are specially adapted for grasping. To avoid being swept away by the current they wrap their tails around nearby vegetation. The seahorse escapes the attention of predators by developing long skin filaments and camouflage colouration to match the marine weed in which it lives. Within a matter of seconds it can change from grey or black to bright orange, vivid yellow or even deep plum. In seahorses it is the male who takes on the responsibility of pregnancy. This allows the females to make more eggs straight away without the need to nurture the last batch. In a reverse of roles, because the male limits the rate of reproduction, the females compete with each other for the attention of the males. After a long and noisy courtship (several days of posturing, colour changing and clicking to each other) the female releases her eggs into a special pouch on the male’s abdomen. She leaves the male to fertilise the eggs as they embed into the spongy tissue of the pouch wall. The male creates a special fluid to nourish the developing embryos and after gestation, he releases the free-swimming young into the sea. The babies are born as perfect miniatures of their parents. By the time they are two months old, they have grown to 5 cm. Seahorses feed constantly. They feed on plankton and other tiny prey. Seahorses can move their eyes independently and so can follow the activity of passing tiny sea life without giving their presence away. When they judge that their prey is within range they quickly snap it up or suck it in from as much as 3 cm away. Wednesday, 5 December 2012 This chocolate cheesecake recipe is yummy and indulgent. It is a well loved dessert that impresses both chocolate and cheesecake lovers. 15 digestive biscuits 50 g butter 1 tablespoon cocoa powder For the filling: 250 g mascarpone cheese 200 g cream cheese 300 g milk chocolate 100 g dark chocolate 3 oz caster sugar 75 g dark chocolate, finely chopped 125 ml double cream 1 teaspoon golden syrup Preheat the oven to gas mark 4/180 c. Crush the digestive biscuits to form fine crumbs. Melt the butter and add to the biscuit crumbs along with the cocoa powder . Place the mixture into a cake tin and push down firmly with the back of a spoon. Place in the fridge to chill for 30 minutes. Melt the milk chocolate in a bowl over a saucepan of water. Place the mascarpone cheese, cream cheese and sugar into a bowl and mix thoroughly with a wooden spoon. Mix the chocolate into the cheesecake mix. Melt the dark chocolate and swirl into the mix. Pour the cheesecake mix onto the base and place in fridge for at least 4 hours to set, ideally leave overnight. To make the chocolate glaze, melt the chopped chocolate, cream and syrup over a gently heat and then whisk to a smooth sauce. Allow to cool then swirl over the cheesecake. For related articles click onto: Friday, 30 November 2012 Click here for the 'Seeds of Eaden' seed shop My friend recently ate this baked cheesecake dish in New York as part of his Thanksgiving meal and said it was delicious. An avid cheesecake lover, I had to make this Halloween dessert and it tastes yummy. It is the perfect way of using up hollowed-out pumpkin purée. Serves 6 12 oz / 340g cooked pumpkin or pumpkin puree 15 digestive biscuits 2oz / 60 g butter 8oz / 225 g caster sugar 3 large eggs 8 oz / 250 g mascarponi cheese 7 oz / 200 g cream cheese 90ml / 3fl oz double cream 1 tea spoon freshly grated nutmeg 1 tea spoon ground cinnamon Heat the oven to 170C/325F/Gas 3. Crush the digestive biscuits to form fine crumbs. Melt the butter and add to the biscuit crumbs. Place the mixture into a cake tin and push down firmly with the back of a spoon. Place in the fridge to chill for 30 minutes. Place the mascarpone cheese, cream cheese, pumpkin puree, sugar, cinnamon and nutmeg into a bowl and mix thoroughly with a wooden spoon until smooth. Fold the beaten eggs into the cheesecake mixture. Pour the cheesecake mix onto the base and bake in the oven for 90 minutes until the surface is set, but the underneath is still wobbly. Let the cheesecake cool in the tin and then place on a plate and chill overnight. Serve with the whipped double cream. Wednesday, 28 November 2012 Click here for the 'Seeds of Eaden' seed shop Starfish (also known as Sea Stars) belong to the phylum Echinodermata, and are therefore related to sea urchins and sea cucumbers. All echinoderms are characterised by their five-point radial symmetry. There are over 1,800 species of starfish and they vary considerably. Starfish and Sea Stars belong to the class Asteroidea, whilst Brittle Stars or Basket Stars are ophiuroids. They are all marine creatures, although some live in the intertidal zone, some in deep water, some in tropical areas and some in cold water. They typically have a central disc body and five arms (or multiples thereof). Some species have many more arms, such as the 40 arms of the sun star. They are often brightly coloured in shades of red or orange, or blue/grey/brown. The surface of their skin can be spiny or smooth, depending on the species. A starfish's skin may feel leathery, or slightly prickly. Starfish have a tough covering on their upper side, which is made up of plates of calcium carbonate with tiny spines on their surface. A starfish's spines are used for protection from predators. While they can't see as well as we do, starfish have an eye spot at the end of each arm. This is a very simple eye that looks like a red spot. The eye doesn't see much detail, but can sense light and dark. Instead of blood, starfish have a water vascular system, in which the sea star pumps sea water through its sieve plate. Starfish have hundreds of little feet along their arms called tube-feet. These tubes are connected by small canals and allow them to operate a water vascular system which enables their respiration, locomotion, food and waste transpiration. They move across both land and sea by alternatively contracting muscles that allow water into the tube feet, causing them to extend and contract in order to push them against the ground. Their mouth and gut is located at the bottom of their central disc. They have a unique way of eating their prey. They eat bivalves like mussels and clams, as well as small fish, snails, and barnacles. Starfish have two stomachs and they can push their first stomach out through their mouth and into its preys shell. This means they can eat something like a clam by pushing their stomach into its shell, rather than trying to get it into their mouth. It starts to digest the animal, then pulls its stomach back in and passes it to the second stomach. This allows the sea star to eat larger prey than it would otherwise be able to fit into its tiny mouth. Starfish can reproduce both sexually and asexually, although they commonly reproduce by spawning. To increase their chances of fertilization, starfish probably gather in groups when they are ready to spawn, use environmental signals to coordinate timing (day length to indicate the correct time of the year, dawn or dusk to indicate the correct time of day), and may use chemical signals to indicate their readiness to each other. Fertilized eggs live as plankton, suspended in the water and swimming by using beating cilia. Unlike adults, the larvae are bilaterally symmetrical and have a distinct left and right side. Eventually, they undergo a complete metamorphosis, settle to the bottom, and grow into adults. Some, but not all, species of starfish can regrow a new limb given time. Some species can even regrow a new central disc from a single arm, therefore creating a whole new starfish. However, often part of the central body is required to be joined to the arm. This fragmentation is often used to evade predators or as an escape response. It often takes a starfish several months or even years to carry out this regeneration, and they are vulnerable to infections during this stage. Starfish are important ecologically, and are keystone species, playing a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community. Its impact on the community is greater than would be expected based on its relative abundance or total biomass. The carnivorous starfish Pisaster ochracceus feeds on mussels and plays a key role in maintaining the balance of all other species in the community. Without the Pisaster ochracceus the populations of mussels within the community would soon grow unchecked and greatly reduce the community's diversity. For related articles click onto: For related articles click onto: All about starfish Can starfish grow back their arms? How many seas are there in the world? Is the sea sponge a plant or an animal? Keystone species Sea animals: Sea Anemones Sea cucumber facts Seahorse facts Star Starfish The seahorse The sea cucumber What is a sea sponge? What is a cuttlefish? What is a sea anemone? What is a starfish? Why is the Dead Sea so salty? What is the difference between the sea and the ocean? What is the Gulf Stream?
Sunday, November 7, 2010 Twenty Questions about the Episcopal Church The following is a pamphlet published by the Forward Movement. It is the 12th printing of the Revised Edition, 2007. 1. What is the Episcopal Church? It is the continuance of the Church of England, brought to these shores by the first settlers and reorganized as the Episcopal Church in 1785 after the Revolution by which the colonies in America won their independence from the mother country. After the Revolution it became self-governing and self-sustaining. Today it is known as the Episcopal Church. 2. Is that when the Episcopal Church began? No, it did not begin then. It took its new title at that time; but it was the same church that had been here from the founding of the American colonies in the seventeenth century. Those colonists who were members of the Church of England brought their church with them. Our church is a daughter church of the Church of England. 3. Was the Church of England founded by Henry VIII? No, it was not. The Church of England has a long history. It was part of the Catholic Church before there were any divisions in the church at all. For several centuries after 644 A. D. it did, in common with all western Christendom, recognize the pope as chief bishop; but at the reformation it rejected the claims of the pope to singular, universal authority. It did not, however, reject the catholic and apostolic faith which it had always held. It kept the historic catholic creeds and the three-fold ministry of bishops, priests, and deacons. The reason our church is called Episcopal is that it maintains the ancient episcopal order in its ministry. "Episcopal" comes from the Greek word episcopos, meaning bishop. 4. But how can you be both catholic and protestant? The word "protestant" was used in 1785 to distinguish our church from the Church of Rome, because of the English reformation in the sixteenth century. Yet this does not mean that we are simply one of the many protestant churches deriving from the reformation. Those made a greater break with the past than our church did. "Protestant" is not opposed to "catholic." The world "catholic" really means "universal," and we are certainly part of the universal church. It also refers to the ancient catholic faith as expressed in the creeds - and we hold that. So we rightly claim to be both catholic and protestant. 5. What is the Anglican Communion? This is the name given to all the churches throughout the world descended from the English church that are still in communion with it and with each other. As the British Empire spread, so did the Church of England, the established church of the realm. Other churches overseas were begun by the missionaries of daughter churches such as the Episcopal Church. Today the Anglican Communion consists of some 78 million members of more than forty national churches like our own. It is found on all the continents, with particular strength in Africa. Members of these churches are known either as Episcopalians or Anglicans because of their common origin and common heritage. Each national church or province is self-governing. International communications are maintained through the Anglican Consultative Council with offices in London, and through a once-a-decade meeting of bishops known as the Lambeth Conference. 6. How is the Episcopal Church governed? There are three principal levels of organization or expressions of the church's life: the local congregation or parish; the diocese, consisting of many parishes in an area under the supervision of a bishop; the national church. In each case, government is a mixture of hierarchy and democracy, with distinct role and privileges for clergy and a strong voice for lay persons, both men and women. In the congregation, the rector of the parish is chosen by the vestry for the people, with the approval of the bishop; and rector and vestry together are responsible for the work of the parish subject to the constitution and canons of the diocese and the national church. Each diocese had an annual convention or council with the clergy and elected lay deputies from the congregations to share with their bishop the work of the church on the local, diocesan level. At the national level, the chief priest and pastor is the presiding bishop. The highest governing body is the General Convention of the church which meets every three years to deal with the business of the church and to make its laws or canons. This convention is composed of two houses, one of bishops, the other of elected clerical and lay deputies; legislation has to be passed in both houses. For carrying on the work between conventions, an executive council is elected which is representative of the whole church, and of which the presiding bishop is chair. 7. Is a bishop's function simply administrative? By no means. The bishop ordains men and women to ministry, confirms, and is pastor to all clergy and people. This is the primary work; all the rest is oversight of the diocese. 8. What are the roles of the laity and other ministers? The Episcopal Church teaches that lay members are also ministers called to share in the ministry of Christ in the world. Those ordained or set aside for special ministries in and on behalf of the church include bishops, priests, and deacons. Bishops are successors to the apostles and oversee the diocese. Priests usually are spiritual leaders of local congregations. The word "priest" comes from presbyter, meaning elder. Deacons usually assist priests and have a special ministry to the poor and the sick. The word "deacon" means servant. 9. What are the doctrines of the Episcopal Church? The main doctrines of the Episcopal Church are contained in the Apostles' and Nicene Creeds. These creeds were written in the days of the undivided church, and the Nicene Creed has been the standard confession of catholic faith ever since. Beside the beliefs expressed in the creeds, the Episcopal Church holds to other catholic beliefs and practices found in The Book of Common Prayer. It is this Prayer Book, in fact, that gives the authoritative doctrinal standards of the Episcopal Church. See, for example, "An Outline of the Faith," beginning on page 843 of the The Book of Common Prayer. 10. What are the sacraments? "The sacraments are outward and visible signs of inward and spiritual grace, given by Christ as sure and certain means by which we receive that grace." Episcopalians believe there are two sacraments given and directed by Christ, Baptism and the Eucharist. We celebrate and administer other sacraments grounded in the Bible. They are confirmation, which comes after Baptism, matrimony, in which woman and man are united in marriage; unction, the sacrament of healing; penance, in which the assurance of God's forgiveness is given; and Holy Orders, in which bishops, priests, and deacons are ordained. Baptism and the Eucharist are considered necessary for all Christians. Confirmation is a normal part of church life. Not everyone participates in the other sacraments. 11. What is Baptism? Baptism is the sacrament of initiation into membership into the body of Christ, the church. The outward sign is the pouring of water or immersion in the name of the Trinity. The inward grace is new life, death to sin, and rising with Christ. Baptism is birth into eternal life. Episcopalians baptize infants, as did the early church. The church is the family of God, and as in an earthly family, parents and other family members see to a child's raising until the child is old enough to accept responsibility. The Episcopal Church recognizes any Baptism with water in the name of the Trinity. We do not practice rebaptism. All baptized persons are entitled to receive the Eucharist. 12. What is confirmation? In the early church the bishop baptized and laid hands on the new members and prayed for the gifts of the Holy Spirit, that they might be equipped by God to live the life of a Christian. When the multitudes began to join the church, bishops allowed priests to baptize but reserved the laying on of hands--confirmation--for themselves. It is expected in the Episcopal Church that members at some time will stand before the bishop, the chief pastor, representative of the apostles, to declare their intention to live as a Christian and to receive at the bishop's hands the traditional blessing. 13. What is the Eucharist? The same sacrament may also be called the Holy Communion, the Lord's Supper, or the mass. The outward and visible sign is the bread and wine. The inward and spiritual grace is the body and blood of Christ. At the Last Supper, Jesus said that when we eat the bread and drink the wine together we should do it for his remembrance. The word we translate "remembrance" is the Greek anamnesis, which means much more than to remember; it means "to make present." Episcopalians do not try to explain philosophically how the "real presence" of Christ occurs in the Eucharist. It is a great, sacred mystery. Yet for two thousand years Christians have meet week-by-week, believing that in sharing the blessed sacrament they are in communion with Christ, with God, and with all other Christians of all times and places. 14. Why does the Episcopal Church always seem to be involved in controversy over sexuality issues? Issues relating to the life and morality always concern the church. The Episcopal Church is no more controversial in this regard than any other. Our discussions may seem more public and sometimes it feels that way. Commitment to the gospel of Jesus Christ requires our community to address issues honestly, openly, and in the spirit of love. Absent a magisterium telling us what to believe, discussions can get messy. We understand scripture, tradition, and reason can bring faithful people to opposite conclusions. This can be painful, but it is not new. Slavery was once accepted by Christians. So was the subjugation of women to men, sending children to work in subhuman conditions, and anti-Semitism. We believe the Holy Spirit is active in the world and in the church, constantly pushing us in directions we may not wish to go. Our best resolve amid controversy is to understand God is working His purpose out. The significance of what binds us to God, and to one another, takes precedence over human disagreement. Our task is to stay in communion with one another, in the spirit of love, and allow the Holy Spirit to direct us. It is not always easy or fun, but it is faithful, and often exhilarating. 15. Why do your clergy say the prayers in church out of a book? Prayers in church have been said "out of a book" from very early times, and the Episcopal Church is following ancient and historical practice. The Book of Common Prayer is a compilation from many old and some comparatively modern sources and is used and revered throughout the world today. Our clergy are not so tied to it that they can never use any other prayers or say an extemporary one if they desire to do so. Yet, the use of the Prayer Book does protect us from the vagaries of a disordered service and provides for the full participation of the congregation in the act of worship. No other church affords this so completely as the Episcopal Church does. Hence the name--The Book of Common Prayer. 16. What is the meaning of the different colors used in the Episcopal Church? Each color symbolizes the main idea of the season or holy day on which it is used. White signifies purity and joy, and is used at Christmas, Epiphany, Easter, Trinity, All Saints' Day, and on other joyful occasions such as weddings. Red signifies fire and is used at Pentecost (Whitsunday) and at ordinations--as symbolic of the Holy Spirit. It also signifies blood, and is therefore used on the festivals of martyrs. Purple (or violet) is for penitence, and is used during Advent and Lent, although blue is used in Advent in some parishes. Green signifies hope and growth, and is used through the weeks after Epiphany and Pentecost. Black is used in many churches on Good Friday. 17. What place do you give the Bible in the Episcopal Church? The Bible is given a primary place. Take a look at the Prayer Book and see how much of the Bible is in it. The canticles are from the Bible; so are the psalms. Two or three passages from the Bible are read at every celebration of Holy Communion, and lessons from the Old and New Testaments at Morning and Evening Prayer. The Prayer Book, in fact, is the Bible in some form or another from beginning to end. The very prayers, in many instances, are paraphrases of scripture. Moreover, the church's standard of faith is the Bible, and nothing in belief is required from its members that cannot before proved from, or is not agreeable to, the teaching of Holy Scripture. 18. Is the Episcopal Church the church of the rich and powerful? Many rich and powerful people have been Episcopalians, as have many of our national leaders. But Episcopalians come from every economic level, every ethnic background, every race. Episcopalians traditionally are in the forefront of movements for human rights, of struggles against oppression. The Episcopal Church welcomes all people. 19. Do Episcopalians drink alcoholic beverages? Moderate drinking is not discouraged. Jesus certainly didn't condemn it; wine was a part of daily life in Palestine. At the same time we teach the danger of alcohol abuse and we lead in ministry to alcoholics. Alcoholics Anonymous has its roots in the Episcopal Church and many churches make a place for AA meetings. 20. How does a person become a member? Talk to the priest in charge of the congregation. He or she will guide you from there. Probably there will be classes to attend, teaching about Christianity and the Episcopal Church. If you have been baptized, normally at some point you will be presented for confirmation or, if you were confirmed in the Roman Catholic or Orthodox communions, received by the bishop. Any baptized person whose baptism is registered in an Episcopal parish is considered to be a member of the Episcopal Church. And may the peace of the Lord be always with you. No comments: Post a Comment I'd love to hear your thoughts on this.
Syrian Civil War through images September 21, 2013 Everyone speaks and writes about the Syrian Civil War, which it's been happening for the last two years and a half. But it's a very complex situation, and very hard to understand. As reading about it has many points of view, we'll try to do it through videos Javier Yashan The Previous History How did we get to the Civil War? Syria history, like every country history, is extremely long and complex. Through this short video you can get a first idea of what happened before the present Civil War The Original Protests As part of the Arab Spring, protests in Syria started at the beginning of 2011. They wanted changes in the policies of the President Bashar Al-Assad. But it turned out more serious... Establishment of the Free Syrian Army After the protests and the repression by the government, some former army members decided to establish the Free Syrian Army, announcing it through this video And the translation Yes, maybe you don't understand arabic, but we wanted to show you the original video. Here you can read the translation The Homs Massacre At the beginning of 2012, the army advanced on Homs, considered as the capitol city of rebels. A big massacre occured there, here you can see a report of the facts The UN fails In 2012, Kofi Annan, former UN Secretary-General, was sent to Syria to try to achieve a peace agreement, but he couldn't do it and quitted. Here you can see his last speech Al-Assad's speech In January 2013, president Al-Assad gave a speech saying he was opened to a political solution, but without proposing his resignation. Watch here the full speech Chemical Weapons attack On August 21st, a chemical weapons attack was released near Damasco. Around 1400 people were killed. Here you can watch the confirmation of this attack by Ban Ki Moon, UN Secretary-General Obama decides to attack After the chemical weapons attack, the president of the US, Barack Obama, decided that Syrian Government was responsible for the attack, and that a military action against it was necessary. Here there's an extract of his speech But Russia didn't agree Vladimir Putin, President of Russia and Syria's ally, confronted Obama's decision to strike Syria. In this speech you can see why he disagreed An agreement to avoid the strike On September 14, Russia and USA announced an agreement to avoid the US strike on Syria, country that is now commited to give up its chemical weapons John Doe \| Page loading slowly... click here to view screenshot You have reached the end of: Syrian Civil War through images Was it helpful? Share it! Recommended next Roojooms:
Rotating Leaderboard Ad – Top Rotating Leaderboard Ad – Top Rotating Leaderboard Ad – Top Rotating Leaderboard Ad – Top Les Misérables in Texas Post Ad – Top It is often a joy to learn about some of the early settlers of our area who came here and in spite of many hardships, succeeded in taming this land, raising their families, and leaving us a rich history. So many of our earliest Texans displayed a spirit of tenacity and durability that it might seem that the land itself strengthened those who settled here. However, there is a clear example of a group who came here and did not thrive. Perhaps it would be good for us all to know of the time when some settlers left the misery of their distant homeland but could not take root in the fertile land that they sought in the Cross Timbers. After Texas won its independence from the Empire of Mexico, there were very few people living here. Our leaders in Austin wanted people to settle here and help bring prosperity to the new Republic of Texas. The one way they could encourage immigration was by offering free land. Real estate promoters, called empresarios, were given large tracts of land to distribute to families if they would come and build their farms here. All of Denton County was once in a large tract called the Peters Colony. William Peters was able to convince many Americans to come to Texas but not nearly enough of them to satisfy the contract that he made with Austin. In the 1840’s he made several trips to Europe to seek people willing to come to the promised land of Texas. One place where Peters found a large audience of people, very ready to listen to his sales pitch, was France. By most accounts, France in the 1800’s was not a good place to live. The wars with England and the excesses of the French aristocracy led to a very bloody revolt, which in 1793 resulted in the beheading of King Louis XVI and later his queen, Marie Antoinette. Over the next decade a succession of no fewer than 20 different governments were formed and failed. Finally in 1804 there was a violent takeover of the country by Napoleon Bonaparte who declared himself emperor. Napoleon led his country to many glorious military victories, but finally a disastrous defeat. After several more revolts, there was a return of the French royal family. In 1830, the leadership of France was assumed by King Louis Philippe. Conditions declined. Heavy taxation, disease and starvation led to more revolts which were brutally crushed. This period of French history was documented by Victor Hugo in his top selling book, “Les Misérables.” One of the social movements spawned in France at this time was led by a former official of King Philippe, named Étienne Cabet. Cabet was a lawyer, philosopher and writer who encouraged his countrymen to form a utopian system that he called “Communisme.” His ideas were later taken over by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, but that is a different story. Naturally the French king said, “AUCUNE VOIE!” Cabet himself was banished because he was no longer loyal to Louis Philippe and the king tried to suppress his evolving movement with different degrees of persecution. In 1841, William Peters met with Cabet in England. Cabet had written several books and numerous radical pamphlets. He was becoming famous and because of his world-wide notoriety, he was allowed to return to France on the condition that he tone it down a little. Cabet encouraged his followers to listen to the very persuasive Mr. Peters. Peters must have been surprised that he found no opposition from the French royal government. Philippe was more than willing to allow the reformists, who were gaining in numbers, to just go away. It was said that Étienne Cabet often rode, on a white horse, through the streets of many French cities yelling, “Allons en Amerique” which means, “Let us go to America.” The followers of Cabet had been planning to create a perfect community that they would call Icaria, the name of a fictional country in one of the idealistic books that Cabet had written. Peters’ offer seemed too good to be true; each single man would get 320 acres and each family would receive 640 acres. All they were required to do was live on the land for five years. Cabet required that all of his followers give him their money and that they must agree to turn over the deeds for the land they receive to the collective community. Peters just needed settlers to come and live in Denton County. If the French settlers decided to give away their land after they gained title to it and their houses after they built them, that was their own business. As France entered the new year of 1848, rumors of still another revolt were brewing. This greatly aided the objectives of both Mister Peters and Monsieur Cabet. Plans were made to relocate 1,500 disgruntled Frenchmen to North Texas as soon as possible. Cabet decided that he should remain in France to recruit and direct the additional colonists that would soon follow. One of their number, Adolphe Gouhenant, was selected to be the new leader of the avant guard platoon. They planned to sail right up the Red River and start building their “New Icaria” on the south bank. The first group of 69 settlers left Le Havre on January 27, 1848. When they arrived in New Orleans on March 27, they learned that they were no longer destined to become citizens of the Republic of Texas. Texas was now the 28th state of the USA. To them it just meant that they would now be subject to taxation and harassment from the soldiers of their new ruler, President James K. Polk. They also found that they would not be able to take a steam boat all the way to the land of the Peters Colony; the Red River was only navigable as far as Shreveport. The group set up a semi-permanent camp west of Shreveport where new arrivals could prepare for the 225 mile trek to their new home. A few rough sheds were built to hold their luggage and personal clothing. Gouhenant was provided with enough money to purchase some wagons and oxen to carry their heavy, collectively owned, tools and cold weather baggage. But most of them walked with a “brouette de roue,” or push cart to carry their personal belongings. They arrived at the headquarters of the Peters Colony in southeastern Denton County in late May, and selected a remote section of the land on the western edge of the county for their settlement. The choice of location was made to get as far as possible from Alton, the seat of Denton County. They were doing what their experience had taught them to do; always avoid and distrust the government. More settlers joined them throughout the summer and eventually the population of the community grew to about 150. At that time there were many more streams and creeks and they were filled with large fish. A variety of birds including wild turkey and geese could be easily trapped or shot. There was also an abundant stock of game in the woods; the settlers could feast on rabbit, deer, or even buffalo. How different it must have been than the crowded existence of meager scavenging they knew in the old country. There was a lot of work to be done and by winter 30 to 40 cabins had been built. They also staked out and cleared some fields to grow crops for the commune. Thankfully, the Icarians did not receive any persecution from local police or soldiers; but neither did they experience the Eden-like paradise that they were promised. They had turned over all of their money to Cabet for his promise that what they needed would be provided. They had tools to make houses but only what they brought with them on their journey from Shreveport. Promised equipment for farming did not arrive. Sickness also took a toll on the little community. Soon the settlers were questioning the abilities of their leader, Mr. Gouhenant. The community had a doctor, who may have been able to diagnose and treat the diseases encountered in Europe, but he seemed powerless to do anything about the fevers and stomach ailments that were striking down the new transplants to Texas. The settlers learned from new arrivals that the bloody revolt back in France had ended well. The hated ki ng’s army lost and another republic was starting. Philippe had escaped to an asylum in England. Some believed that he was trying to come to America. There is no doubt that homesickness was also beginning to affect some of the settlers. As with several other socialist enclaves that started in America, workers finally asked themselves why they should have to work so hard, when their reward would be the same no matter how long or hard they worked. Within one year, nearly half of the settlers were either dead or had deserted the colony. The remaining colonists finally became disgusted with the leadership of Gouhenant and all of the broken promises. The Icarians actually threatened to kill the leader but he was able to escape. One report says that he lived out his life in the Denton County town of Pilot Point. Other settlers left the community, some relocating to nearby towns and some able to walk back to New Orleans. By the end of 1849 the colony of Icaria was completely abandoned. There is no evidence that Étienne Cabet ever did come to Texas. Later in 1848, Monsieur Cabet joined with one of the shiploads of colonists that set out for Denton County. When he arrived in New Orleans, he learned of land that was available in Illinois that was right on the mighty Mississippi River. He decided that this new location was superior to the land in Texas and bought the town of Nauvoo. As stragglers from Icaria arrived back in New Orleans, some returned to France and some were convinced by Cabet to join the much larger and more determined group in Illinois. The group in Illinois did succeed better than the colony in Denton County, but eventually it too failed and the settlers moved on. The community in Illinois became dissatisfied with the leadership of Cabet and they banished him just as the Texas group had expelled Gonnaugh. He moved down to St. Louis where he died in 1855. Perhaps it would be good to take a look back and try to understand why the Icarians failed. They were certainly tough enough and had shown that they could endure hard times. But they did not seem willing to join the community of settlers who preceded them. Because they purposely isolated themselves from their neighbors, they did not receive advice on what crops would grow, what to expect from the weather, and how to deal with local sicknesses. Because of their Catholic faith they would have declined the regular visits from circuit riding Protestant preachers who provided valuable cross-communication to other North Texas settlements. Much of the reason for their failure can be laid at the feet of Étienne Cabet who sent them to the frontier, then abandoned them. But probably most of the reason for their failure was due to the lethargic attitude that seemed to be common in all of the experiments of the socialists. Their leaders and their idealism removed the incentive to work as hard as they needed to. Despite the failure of the Icarians in Denton County, other settlers who came here did well. The towns of Justin, Medlin, Drop and Elizabethtown grew where Icaria once was. By 1875 all traces of the colony were gone. The land between Justin and Argyle was then known as “Frenchtown Prairie” and the place where the road crossed Denton Creek was called “Frenchtown Crossing.” Today the path that the Icarians took to cross what is now Bartonville and Argyle is called “Frenchtown Road.” Contact Jim Morriss at Content Ad – Middle (Bottom of Posts) About The Author Related posts Content Ad Front Page – Top
Go backward to Greek Creation Myth Go up to Top Go forward to Bibliography Japanese Creation Myth One day as they were walking along they looked down on the ocean and wondered what was beneath it. Izanagi thrust his staff into the waters and as he pulled it back up some clumps of mud fell back into the sea. They began to harden and grow until they became the islands of Japan. The two descended to these islands and began to explore, each going in different directions. They created all kinds of plants. When they met again they decided to marry and have children to inhabit the land. The first child Izanami bore was a girl of radiant beauty. The gods decided she was too beautiful to live in Japan, so they put her up in the sky and she became the sun. Their second daughter, Tsuki-yami, became the moon and their third and unruly son, Sosano-wo, was sentenced to the sea, where he creates storms. Later, their first child, Amaterasu, bore a son who became the emperor of Japan and all the emperors since then have claimed descent from him. Prev Up Next
The Benefits of Studying Art as a Child are Priceless! Many parents may feel that, since art is not a required subject, there is no reason to have their children study art if they don’t plan to major in it. It is true that art is not a topic covered in entrance exams so for students who are really busy studying for exams it may seem like a waste of time. However, what children learn from studying art will be very useful when they get out in the real world. So, what exactly do children learn from studying art? Ability to come up with one’s own ideas The definition of “the ability to come up with one’s own ideas” means being able to answer the question “how should I do what?” in a flexible manner. When studying art, if you are unable to think for yourself it is difficult to move on to the next step. When working on a project, one has to answer the following questions: “what should I make?”, “what color should I make it”, etc. We develop the ability to come up with one’s own ideas by having a vision and trying to conceptualize on it. It is hard to try to come up with new ideas and concepts, if real objects constantly surround us. Ability to work out a plan “The ability to work out a plan” develops along side with the “ability to come up with one’s own ideas”. When creating an art project, it is not enough to just come up with ideas but it is also necessary to decide,“how you are actually going to create the item”. When determining how large the item will be and what steps will be taken to create it, we are practicing how to work out a plan. This type of experience can only happen in an art class so it is important to try to take the time to elaborate on one’s plan. The benefits of these 2 skills in the real world o how are the 2 skills we mentioned above useful in the real world? To begin with, if we are unable to come up with our own ideas, when we are faced with a problem that needs to be solved we will be unable to come up with answers and take action. On the other hand, if we are able to conceptualize, we will be able to face any problem that comes our way with a calm mind and search for the best answers. Adults who are unable to work out a plan usually end up being inefficient at work. For these employees, work projects that can be finished quickly end up taking a lot more time leading to a loss of money and time for the company. Adults who are knowledgeable and have great ideas but cannot work out a plan will not be able to achieve their goals. Studying art has an important role in developing these skills. Let’s make sure that our children study art and develop these skills while they are young so that they are ready to face any challenges that come their way when they grow up. • News & Events • GYMBO friends
Company reduces fumes in a Birmingham welders Workers at a welding company in Birmingham were being exposed to potentially harmful welding fume. Exposure to welding fumes is associated with a number of occupational diseases, including COPD, chronic bronchitis, ‘fume fever' and on rare occasions asthma. HSE inspection led to improvements in the control of the welding fume. This will have long-term health benefits for the workers. HSE Investigation At a welding company in Birmingham a HSE inspector found that there were no control measures in place to protect workers from welding fume. The employees were welding mild steel and galvanized materials. At least one welder was being exposed for 7-8 hours a day. HSE asked the company to do a COSHH assessment to identify ways to reduce exposure. However, when HSE returned it had not been done. The company was served with an improvement notice requiring them to reduce expose to the fumes. Failure to comply with an improvement notice can lead to prosecution and fines. The company fitted local exhaust ventilation to all their welding benches. Through intervention, HSE reduced the levels of welding fume the workers were exposed to, and potentially prevented them from suffering occupational ill health in the future.
False colour SEM of the head of a tsetse fly False colour SEM of the head of a tsetse fly Z340/0264 Rights Managed Request low-res file 530 pixels on longest edge, unwatermarked Request/Download high-res file Uncompressed file size: 20.0MB Downloadable file size: 1.7MB Price image Pricing Please login to use the price calculator Caption: False-colour scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the head of a tsetse fly Glossina morsitans, a large bloodsucking fly of tropical Africa. The tsetse fly transmits a parasitic protozoan called Trypanosoma, of which T. gambiense & T. rhodesiense are the agents of sleeping sickness in humans. Both male & female are bloodsuckers. Their habitat is varied, ranging from forest to river bank to savanah. Unlike most flies the tsetse gives birth to fully developed larvae, which immediately pupate. The female nurtures one larva at a time, with a total of 8-10 per lifetime. The short antennae are adorned with bristles called aristae. Magnification: x14 at 6x4.5cm size. Keywords: animal, fly vector, glossina morsitans, insect, insecta, invertebrate, invertebrates, nature, sleeping sickness, trypanosoma, tsetse fly, wildlife, zoology
Type 11 dengue virus deadlier than previous types Patients with suspected symptoms should get examined by a qualified doctor within 2 days from onset of fever While Dengue is not a new disease in Sri Lanka, doctors currently battling to save lives of affected patients have discovered that the prevailing Type 11 dengue is more virulent and can rapidly cause patients to develop the very serious complications of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome . Scattered rains followed by bursts of sunshine has also led to a proliferation of mosquitoes islandwide, with the number of patients tripling this year compared to previous years. The extreme heat has also further facilitated the hatching of larvae eggs . Most hospitals have complained of being overwhelmed by the number of dengue patients, causing a serious problem of where to accommodate them, as the beds in even the biggest hospitals in Colombo, the National Hospital, Colombo, the IDH and Negombo Base Hospital, are now running short of beds as patients crowd into corridors or share beds . The Sunday Observer spoke to Community Consultant Physician Dengue Control Unit, Dr Preshilla Samaraweera to find out more about the emerging dengue virus and its impacts on the human body. Q. We are now in the throes of a full blown dengue epidemic. Many experts have blamed the unusual surge in dengue fever cases this year to changing weather patterns, from scattered rains followed by sunshine, proliferation of breeding sites, intense heat causing the larvae to hatch quickly, uncleared garbage, and the attitude of people on eco friendly environments. Do you agree? A. All these factors are responsible. Firstly, the change in the virus into type 11 which we are now experiencing. Secondly, uncleared garbage, and thirdly, drastic weather pattern changes from intense cold to intense heat, as well as scattered rains followed by short spells of sunshine where the larvae finds new breeding places. The intense heat also facilitates the hatching of the larvae according to recent research. Q. What are the most common strains of dengue we usually see in Sri Lanka? A. From 2009-16 , it was Type 1 and 4. From mid 2016 it shifted to type 11. Q. How did it enter our country? A. From travellers who have visited countries where this particular strain is currently circulating. Q. Mention a few. A. Singapore, Malaysia , India. Q. Does that mean people who are not exposed to this virus are less able to fight it? A. Yes. Because they still have not developed sufficient immunity against the disease. Q. Is it more dangerous compared to previous strains we have seen? In what sense? ( explain in detail) A. It is more virulent when a person is first exposed to type 1 and type 11, afterwards. Q. Then what happens? A. They become more prone to Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever ( DHF) which if not treated quickly could be fatal. They will develop life long immunity against type 1 but since type 11 is new and they have never been exposed to it, they would not have developed immunity against it. Q. Compared to the normal Dengue Fever, what is the difference? How would you detect if the patient has DF or this new strain of type 2 virus? What are the symptoms of 1) DF 2) type 2 dengue A. There is no difference. But, more are getting it. Symptoms of Type 11 is a rapid drop in the platelet count. Other symptoms such as, fever, lethargy, pain are symptoms of all dengue fever cases. Theoretically, you can get Dengue Fever four times. Q. So how do you know if it is Type 11 dengue? A. With a full blood count. Q. What about the Rapid Dengue Antigen Test ( NSI)? A. Rapid Antigen tests only indicate that the person is infected with the virus. That’s why we ask for a full blood count. It is advisable to get a full Blood Count and the Dengue Antigen Test done together and the medical practitioner to evaluate him,/her for signs of the disease. To differentiate the types we have to do a test called RtPTR with a full blood count and Antigen Test to confirm if the patient has dengue fever or dengue haemorrhagic fever. Q. Who is most at risk? A. It affects all ages. But, one needs to be more vigilant where infants and pregnant women are concerned. Elders too are more prone to get complications of the disease. Those who have undergone surgeries, people with suppressed immunity and those with chronic non communicable diseases like diabetes, chronic obstructive airways disease, heart, liver, kidney and metabolic diseases, should seek medical treatment within 24 hours. Q. I understand this new strain is more virulent and faster acting than the previous strains and the risks of going into DHF and DSS are much faster and greater? Do you agree? A. Previously, we used to request doctors to do a full Blood Count test in the first three days of the onset of the fever. Now, we have asked that a full Blood Count be done on the second day, because some patients can go into Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever quickly . Q. What are the organs that are affected? A. All. Because of the virulent nature of this new type 11, it is best to get treatment quickly with a Full Blood Count to see how much the platelet level has dropped. Q. Is Dengue Fever and DHF curable? What is the treatment? A. Both are curable. We usually give patients symptomatic treatment. Q. Is there a drug to prevent Dengue? A. Not yet. Q. Once you get dengue can you get it again? Can it come back in a more virulent form? A. As I said, you get life long immunity against the type you have already been affected with. Theoretically, you can get dengue fever 4 times. Q. What is the National Dengue Prevention Campaign doing to prevent and contain the spread of the disease? A. We have devised three objectives : 1) To reduce mortality from dengue 2) Reduce morbidity 3 ) Eliminate mosquito breeding sites. We have also distributed posters to raise more awareness on prevention and what steps to be taken if one suspects they have symptoms of the disease. Q. Do you recommend home remedies for dengue patients? What about papaya juice and other alternative treatments which are being advocated by some? A. Not only are they dangerous they can compound the disease in patients . We only use scientifically proved methods. Q. What about pain killers and other drugs to reduce fever and pain? A. Medications to avoid are aspirin and Non steroidal anti Inflammatory Drugs ( NSAID) like Ibupeofen, dicloferen etc. All those with dengue fever symptoms must only be given paracetamol according to doctor’s prescriptions and the age of the patient. If not, complications can arise and doctors can be confused with regard to the actual signs. Q. Your golden rules on preventing dengue, DHF and DSS? A. Clean. Clean. Clean. A clean environment both inside your home, garden and the neighbourhood, as it is essentially a neighbourhood disease since the mosquito carrying dengue can fly only 50 -200 metres. Allowing used plastic lunch sheets, styrofoam boxes, empty yoghurt cups and other non degradable items like used tyres, unclean gutters that lie uncleared in school compounds or houses can only increase the breeding sites for the aedes egypti mosquito. So, regular cleaning is essential and it is the duty of all to join in this effort. The female adult mosquito which bites is mostly visible and active in the early hours of the morning and late evening. We have therefore advised people to wear long sleeved or fully covered dresses during daytime, apply mosquito repellents, screen their windows and doors to prevent the entry of the mosquitoes, and keep their kitchens, bedrooms and toilets well ventilated so that the mosquitoes can’t hide in dark places in the house. The public must be accountable for their actions and be more careful about the cleanliness of their environment. Enter the characters shown in the image.
Christmas Days Arlington Vermont The Story of the Nativity As one of the world's greatest religious leaders and most influential men of all time, the birth of Jesus is often referred to as the Nativity. While it is not known what time of year Jesus was actually born, the day of his birth was first celebrated on December 25th in the early 300's. This likely developed out of pagan rituals of an earlier period, which celebrated the coming of the Winter Solstice. The arrival of the solstice meant, of course, that the days would be gradually getting longer, and that the darkest period of the year was over. In Roman times, this called for honoring Saturn, the god of agriculture. These celebrations were often riotous, month-long parties. Since Christianity eventually found its way to Rome, and indeed made the city the center of the faith, it was natural to celebrate the most important event in the Christian calendar around the same time as the earlier rituals. The origins of the nativity scene also come to us from Italy. As early as the 4th century A.D., artists were making portrayals of the birth of Christ. Credit for popularizing the nativity as a focal point of Christmas generally goes to St. Francis of Assisi. In 1223, the Saint recreated the nativity scene in the village of Greccio, near Assisi, using people to act out the parts of the Holy Family, the Three Kings, and shepherds and angels. From the 13th century onwards, artists began carving or painting figures for decorative and devotional use. Such figures, initially lifesize or larger, were gradually reduced in scale to permit them to be displayed in homes. The first known "creche" - as the miniature reproductions of Christ's birth manger came to be known as - is believed to have been commissioned by the Dutchess of Amalfi in the 1560's.Over the next few centuries, this practice became widespread.. Aristocratic families often vied with each other to see who would come up with the most elaborate creche. A particular center of creche art was in Naples. Inspired by the interest of the monarchy in the 1730's, nativity sets became a serious artistic undertaking. Facial expressions became more life-like and natural. Clothing and accessories became more sophisticated. Eventually such scenes came to involve dozens of characters and animals. Italy has remained a center for nativity art ever since. The appeal of the nativity comes not only from the awe, wonderment and drama of Christ's birth, but from the democratic universality involving mighty kings and lowly shepherds. A nativity set is a wonderful gift idea for many occaisions, whether for a young child, an anniversary present, a wedding gift, or for Christmas. Frequently such a gift marks the beginning of a family tradition, wherein a new piece is added every year. The Holy Family
Chiropractic FAQ What is chiropractic? How does chiropractic care work? Is chiropractic effective? Do many people see chiropractors? Why should I see a Chiropractor? Are you suffering from an accident, workplace injury or just daily living? What is Subluxation? A subluxation – short for Vertebral Subluxation Complex (VSC) – is an abnormal condition commonly involving several vertebrae. It occurs when vertebrae in your spine lose their normal position and/or motion. 117474537Subluxations most often occur in response to the daily stresses placed on our bodies. Common things such as emotional stress, poor posture from sitting in front of a computer or standing at a workstation for a long time may lead to subluxations. Car accidents, improper lifting or work injuries are other common causes of VSC. Many health problems, including subluxations, are subtle in the early stages of development. In the same way that a cavity or heart problem can be overlooked before causing pain or other warning signs, a spinal problem may develop and exist for years before causing difficulties. To detect the possible onset of a VSC, your chiropractor will conduct a thorough examination, including a detailed history, orthopaedic, neurological and postural evaluations, and possibly an X-ray (radiographs) if he or she deems these to be necessary to fully assess your condition. Your chiropractor is uniquely qualified to recognize and diagnose spine related injuries. He or she is the only Doctor with specialized training to correct spinal problems and their multiple effects. What is a chiropractic adjustment? Is it safe? What can I expect from my visit to a chiropractor? What results can I expect from treatment? Doctor showing a female patient a part of a spine Doctor showing a female patient a part of a spine How long do Doctors of Chiropractic go to school? • Training in the philosophy and practice of chiropractic. • Clinical internship with emphasis on hands-on practice.
Save Lolita All Things Are Possible! Sightings of baby spinner and spotted dolphins After spending just under an hour with the spinner dolphin pod, we continued our survey and were rewarded again, this time with an active pod of approximately 45 pantropical spotted dolphins, including six calves. Not only was it great to see so many calves in one day, but these sightings were also sources of valuable data. Photographs and behavioral data collected during the time we spent with these animals will help build our photo ID catalogs and further our understanding of the amazing dolphins living here. Underwater Footage of Whales and Dolphins Interacting If two animals share the same environment, then at some point they are likely to meet. In the wild these meetings are often between predator and prey; however, nature isn’t always so cruel. Some such encounters, referred to as “interspecies interactions,” can be playful or social, where neither individual is threatened. The research team was recently lucky enough to observe two such interactions while surveying humpback whales off the leeward coast of Maui. The first was between pantropical spotted dolphins and humpback whales and the second between bottlenose dolphins and two humpback whales. Humpback whales and dolphins are more often observed in pods consisting of their own species; however interspecies interactions have been documented before. One notable example was in 2010 when researchers Deakos et al. observed bottlenose dolphins and humpback whales engaging in a “lift and slide” type of game off the coast of Kauai; which was such a significant behavior that their findings were later published as a scientific paper. In the video captured by the research team, one of the two humpback whales is observed swimming with a group of bottlenose dolphins. Some explanations for this behavior could be: • Dolphins hunting fish that associate with the whale • Dolphins riding the pressure wave created by the whale swimming, similar to bow-riding • Dolphins bullying the whale • Play behavior, such as the whale attempting to coax a dolphin onto its head for another game of “lift and slide the dolphin” The PWF Research Team is excited to be able to share this special encounter with you. Deakos, Mark H., et al. “Two unusual interactions between a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and a humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Hawaiian waters.” Aquatic Mammals 36.2 (2010): 121-128. FACT OF THE WEEK: Bottlenose dolphins may address each other by name! MORE ON THIS: Recent research has suggested that bottlenose dolphins have individually unique signature whistles that are equivalent to human names. During the first few months of life, a dolphin will develop its own signature whistle made up of a series of sounds and notes. Dolphins will also adopt the signature whistle of other dolphins in the pod to identify and communicate with different individuals, specifically close associates or those with strong social bonds. When a dolphin emits its own signature whistle, a dolphin that is a close associate will reply with a copied version of the whistle with a few subtle alterations that differentiates the signature whistle from the copied whistle. This allows the second dolphin to relay information back to the first dolphin; the alterations to the whistle may also give information about who the second dolphin is. Signature whistles httpwww.cell.comcmsattachment20079513612030487757gr2.jpg Image from: Janik, V.M. 2013. Cognitive skills in bottlenose dolphin communication. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 17(4): 157 – 159. Many species of dolphins live in fission-fusion societies, this means that the size and composition of the pod will change as time passes. When pods merge together, vocal signatures are exchanged in order to learn about the identities of individual members of the new pod. These exchanges are generally repeated several times during the interaction to either improve the probability of correct identification, or provide additional information with each exchange. Written by Patrice Hostetter FACT OF THE WEEK: Can’t Touch This FACT OF THE WEEK: Zoonotic disease Brucellosis found shared between marine mammals and humans. MORE ON THIS: Zoonotic diseases are those which can be passed between humans and animals. Brucella spp. is the genus of bacteria which causes the zoonotic disease Brucellosis, and can be found in numerous domesticated livestock and wild animals. The Brucella strain in domesticated animals has been eradicated in most industrialized countries, but unfortunately, in developing countries, it is still an issue. The disease has also been found in marine mammals, particularly recorded in dolphins, seals and sea lions. Symptoms in each terrestrial or marine mammal vary, and acquiring the disease can be done by ingesting the bacterium or by touching an open wound. Spotted dolphin with a lesion Dolphin with an open wound A case of a New Zealand man acquiring Brucella was reported in 2002. Initially doctors thought the transfer was from the man dressing a pig a year prior. Upon further investigation through laboratory tests, the Brucella strain found in the man was more closely associated with a strain found in a United States bottlenose dolphin and common seals. The man was interviewed and stated that he was never directly in contact with a marine mammal, but he was in contact with different types of bait and he had consumed a raw fish (Brucella is killed by cooking). Now you know that marine mammals can have diseases which can be passed to humans, so please refrain from approaching or touching them! • NOAA Fisheries: Brucella Infection in Marine Mammals Read More • McDonald, W. L., Jamaludin, R., Mackereth, G., Hansen, M., Humphrey, S., Short, P., Taylor, T., Swingler, J., Dawson, C.E., Whatmore, A.M., Stubberfield, E., Perrett, L.L., & Simmons, G. (2006). Characterization of a Brucella sp. strain as a marine-mammal type despite isolation from a patient with spinal osteomyelitis in New Zealand. Journal of clinical microbiology44(12): 4363-4370. Written by Laura Behm Bottlenose dolphin in Maalaea Harbor Dolphin in Maalaea Harbor Rake Marks Photoshopped
Slides in this set Slide 1 Preview of page 1 P2: Radiation…read more Slide 2 Preview of page 2 Nuclear Radiation…read more Slide 3 Preview of page 3 Nuclear Radiation and · When an unstable nucleus decays, it gives off one or more kinds of nuclear radiation · The 3 kinds of radiation are alpha (), beta () and gamma () · All 3 kinds can cause ionisation. The radiation causes atoms to lose or gain electrons, turning those atoms into ions · Positive ions are formed when atoms lose electrons, and negative ions are formed when atoms gain electrons · The ionising power of each kind of radiation is linked to how far it can penetrate materials. The further the radiation can penetrate before hitting an atom, the less ionising it is…read more Slide 4 Preview of page 4 Ionisation and the Human · When radiation enters human cells, it can ionise molecules and damage DNA · This can cause mutations in the cell that could lead to · Very high doses of radiation can kill cells completely…read more Slide 5 Preview of page 5 Alpha Radiation Alpha particles () are relatively big, heavy and slow moving. They are made of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. Because of their size, they are stopped quickly (they don't penetrate far into materials). They can be stopped by paper or skin. This means that they're strongly ionising…read more Slide 6 Preview of page 6 Beta Radiation Beta particles () are electrons. They are small and can move quite fast. Beat particles penetrate moderately (further than alpha particles) before colliding, so they are moderately ionising. They can be stopped by a thin sheet of metal, for example, a few millimetres of aluminium.…read more Slide 7 Preview of page 7 Preview of page 7 Slide 8 Preview of page 8 Preview of page 8 Slide 9 Preview of page 9 Preview of page 9 Slide 10 Preview of page 10 Preview of page 10 No comments have yet been made Similar Physics resources: See all Physics resources »
Russell’s paradox – the interface (ie, paradox passage) between nominalism and realism Russell’s paradox is an interface -the interface between nominalism and realism. It is what I call a paradox passage between the conceptual “neither nor” and “both and” states. In the nominalistic aspect, this passage appears as “neither nor“, whereas it in the realistic aspect appears as “both and“. A concrete example is the fact that particles have both particle and wave properties. To a nominalist, this fact means that particles are neither particle nor waves, whereas it to a realist means that particles are both particles and waves. To a nominalist, the fact that the statement “neither nor” leaves things hanging in emptiness as “nothings” means nothing, since he/she views concepts as mere abstractions, whereas to a realist, this statement is instead absurd, since he/she views concepts as realities and thereby comprehends this state as meaning that things are nothings, thus instead concluding that they must be “both and“. To a nominalist, this conclusion is instead a conflation of the concepts “particle” and “wave”. The difference between “nominalism” and “realism” is thus merely a fundamental difference in approach between the two alternatives that conceptualization offers us, ie, assuming that things or concepts are real, without any bearing on the reality they discuss what-so-ever, and the connection between them is the paradox passage that is called Russell’s paradox. This paradox passage is, however, a generic thing, ie, a conceptual abstraction of second degree, since it occurs in many different disguises in conceptualization itself (ie, in the first degree), eg, the cladistic idea of a “true tree of life” and particle physics’ idea of a “Higgs particle”. Such “things” are thus actually paradox passages viewed in the realist aspect of “both and“, which in the nominalist aspect instead are conceptual conflations of “neither nor“. They are thus just as absurd in the nominalistic approach as the statement that “particles are neither particles nor waves” is in the realistic approach. Both are thus absurd in each others eyes. So, which is right? Well, this million dollar question unfortunately lacks an answer. Nominalism is consistent in avoiding conflation of concepts, and is also represented by mathematics, whereas realism is consistently inconsistent, but unfortunately none of them can be “right”, because the relation between conceptualization and reality is the same kind of relation as the relation between nominalism and realism, ie, fundamentally absurd in each others eyes. Reality is thus absurd in our eyes, independently of whether we adopt a nominalistic or realistic approach, whereas conceptualization is absurd in the eyes of reality. The best we can do is thus to be consistent, as nominalism is. It means that both cladistics and particle physics are looking for things that do not exist. “Not exist” does in this statement mean not belonging to reality”, where “reality” means “what statements can¨t create”. (Statements can create things, but this statement refers to the things that statements can’t create. The difference is between reality and dream, or between the concrete and the abstract.) We can thus not find out what reality is, but merely model its behavior consistently. Unfortunately, this leaves realists like cladists and particle physicists as donkeys trying to reach the carrot in front of their eyes. Leave a Reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Twitter picture Facebook photo Google+ photo Connecting to %s
What Exactly Is Website Design? Web design means to develop, plan and update on sites. This also includes user interface, website layout, website structure, fonts, colors, contrasts, imagery and a lot more. Websites are created put together by all of these elements. Website design is more than simply the visual aspect. However, it’s more than this. The designing involves a lot more elements such as user habits, usability, navigation logic and lots of other stuff that would help in searching out the information quicker on the website. This also is designed to simplify the usage in order that everybody could make use of it.
ENGLCOM Objectives ENGLCOM or ENGLISH COMMUNICATION is a course that equips freshmen students with the necessary academic reading and writing skills needed to become multi-literate and autonomous learners, and engaged citizens in the 21st century. This course is anchored on transformative as well as self-directed learning frameworks. E-Portfolio Objectives E-portfolio Objectives a. Collect, store, and manage written outputs b. Develop a sense of authorship c. Showcase mastery of various genres and of writing process d. Evaluate and reflect on writing performance e. Monitor progress f. Improve understanding of oneself g. Recognize the gaps in one’s current knowledge and skills
MediationIn 1987, Texas passed the Alternative Dispute Resolution Act which is now found in Chapter 154 of the Texas Civil Practices and Remedies Code. This Act introduced formal mediation to the State of Texas. Since that date, mediation has been used to resolve countless disputes between citizens, businesses, and governmental subdivisions of the State of Texas. What is mediation? Mediation is a forum and process in which an impartial person, called the mediator, encourages and assists parties to a dispute to reach a settlement or resolution of that dispute between themselves. The mediation may be ordered by the court or through voluntarily participation by the parties to the dispute. Where the parties have retained attorneys to assist with the dispute, the attorneys participate in the mediation with their respective clients. The mediation process in Texas is strictly confidential. Unless the parties agree, the statements of the parties, their conduct, demeanor, and their legal and factual positions may not be disclosed to anyone by the mediator. This rule encourages the parties to be entirely forthcoming with the mediator during the course of the mediation. The mediator is not there to impose a decision on the parties. Even if the mediator is a licensed attorney, the mediator should not provide the parties with any legal advice or make ultimate judgments on the potential outcome of the dispute if it were to go to trial or arbitration. Mediations are usually held in private and without any public fanfare. Most court cases are public record, and typically hearings or trials will be open to the public. Mediation allows the parties to settle their disputes quietly. Mediation allows the parties, instead of a judge, jury or arbitrator, to reach a resolution of their dispute on terms that are acceptable to them. Note the term, “acceptable”, as many mediations actually result in outcomes in which one or more of the parties reach settlement terms that are not necessarily a “win”, or what they would want if the case had to be litigated. Mediation involves the parties negotiating to reach an acceptable outcome rather than fighting one another in an expensive and time-consuming forum to potentially achieve a win-lose or sometimes lose-lose outcome. The mediator tries to use specific methods and techniques to assist the parties in reaching a settlement. For example in resolving a business dispute, it may seem necessary for one partner to end up with the business while the other ends up with the monetary value of his interest in the partnership. Looking at the dispute in that fashion is an example of an evaluative method of resolving disputes. “Horse-trading” is another example of an evaluative method of resolving disputes, and focuses on reaching an outcome in the most direct manner. Much of the time this technique works well to resolve simple disputes where the sum of the whole is equal to its parts, and those parts must be divided up to settle the case. However, if the mediator delves deeper into the backgrounds of the parties, the origin of the disputes, and the motivations of each party to become involved in the dispute, many times it becomes clear that the mediator has more to deal with than simply dividing up ownership and money. A facilitative method can be best described as an attempt to find a resolution which has mutual benefits for all parties. Under the facilitative method the mediator looks for subtle undertones of the dispute. Those subtleties usually require the mediator to delve into areas that on the surface may not seem to have any direct relevance to the dispute. In our example, the mediator may find out that one of the partners is a really good business person, while the other may be really good with the manufacturing of the good or the generation of the service which makes up the business. The mediator may find out that the two partners were once best friends, who but for the dispute (which may or may not have anything to do with the business), no longer can operate all parts of the business together. Under the facilitative approach, the mediator will attempt to repair the relationship, and try to find a resolution which may allow the parties to stop fighting each other and go back to work in their respective areas of strength for the benefit of the business and themselves as its owners. Clearly, these are extremely simple examples. But a good mediator will always look at several methods and techniques of dispute resolution in order to determine which methods or combinations will achieve a positive result. Since its inception, mediation has been a positive process for litigants in Texas. It has helped reduce the case load of our courts and saved millions of dollars for the participants involved. Just about any type of dispute can be mediated. From disputes between countries, NFL quarterbacks and commissioners, divorces, collection suits, and just about any other type of disagreement, mediation can be a tool to save money, time, and public scrutiny. Scott Alagood is board certified by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization in Commercial and Residential Real Estate Law. Scott may be reached at or
• Counter : • 2079 • Date : • 2/21/2007 How to get a healthy heart A good diet can cut the risk of heart disease The three main triggers of heart disease are smoking, lack of exercise and a poor diet. All are difficult habits to kick. For some, the changes needed are only small, like getting in some exercise on the way home by getting off the train a stop early and walking the rest of the way. But for others, the problems are harder to tackle. Hardened smokers may need the support of not only their families, but their friends, colleagues and even doctors to wean themselves off nicotine. Many view changing over to a healthy diet as a major feat. They think they will have to resign themselves to a life of vegetables and chocolate and chip abstinence. Nutritionists agree it can be difficult to change the habits of a lifetime, but they say drastic alterations may not be required. Switching from full fat to semi-skimmed milk, for example, can have major health benefits with little taste difference. And there is no need to forswear "naughty but nice" food for ever - as long as it does not form a staple part of your diet. The British Nutrition Foundation says there are five main areas of diet which can prevent coronary heart disease. The British Nutrition Foundation says there arefive main areas of diet which can prevent coronary heart disease. 1) Cholesterol Cholesterol is a form of fat transported in the blood which is essential in small amounts. Some forms of cholesterol - those derived from saturated fats - can clog up the arteries in large amounts. This increases the risk of the blood supply to the heart being cut off, resulting in a heart attack. These types of cholesterol are found in products like margarine, butter, lard, meat, milk, yoghourt, cheese, cakes, biscuits, pies and chips. The build-up of damaging levels of cholesterol can be counteracted by chemicals called antioxidants. Vitamin C, vitamin E and some forms of vitamin A contain antioxidants. Fruit and vegetables are good sources of vitamins A and C and unsaturated fats and oils are good sources of vitamin E. The British Heart Foundation recommends that people eat five portions of fruit and vegetables a day to keep their hearts healthy. 2) Blood pressure High blood pressure is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Burgers are high in cholesterol It can be caused by genetic conditions, but diet is also thought to play a big part. People who are overweight, drink a lot of alcohol, smoke, take little exercise and eat a lot of salt are particularly likely to have high blood pressure. Cutting down salt levels can be difficult because many foods and drinks contain it. Bread is the single largest source of dietary salt. Processed food such as prepared meals, are also high in salt. The British Heart Foundation advises against adding any extra salt to food since most already contains fairly high quantities. A recent study in The Lancet showed that many people could not tell the difference between high and low salt foods. The food manufacturers' argument against lowering salt content in food has always been that people like the taste. Other studies suggest that foods which are high in minerals like potassium, such as bananas and potatoes, may also play a role in lowering blood pressure. 3) Maintaining a healthy weight People who are obese run an increased risk of heart disease. Too much fried food increases fat intake Heart experts say physical activity can reduce the risk of high blood pressure caused by constricted arteries. The way the fat is deposited around the body can also affect the risk. People with pear-shaped figures - people with most of their fat deposited around the hips - run less of a risk of suffering a heart attack than those with apple-shaped figures who have most of the fat deposited around their stomach. Men are more likely to be apple-shaped than women. 4) Blood clots Blood clots can block or stem the blood flow, causing a heart attack. So foods which contain chemicals which prevent blood clotting can protect against heart disease. These include naturally oily fish, such as mackerel, sardines and salmon. 5) Fiber Fiber has been shown to reduce blood cholesterol levels and may therefore reduce the risk of heart disease. Foods high in fiber include cereal crops such as oats, pasta, bread and potatoes. Our Children and the Friends They Make Our Children and the Friends They Make Our Children and the Friends They Make 10 Must Do’s To Your Child 10 Must Do’s To Your Child 10 Must Do’s To Your Child Models for Children Models for Children Models for Children What things enhance the spirituality in the family? (Part 4) What things enhance the spirituality in... • Print Send to a friend Comment (0)
Friday, 16 March 2012 Running Paces Explained Contributed by Jason Finlen Jack Daniels Training for Dummies I was asked the other day about pacing during training runs and what it all meant. The actual question went something like “but if I’m running slower than what I can actually run then how do I get faster?”. On the surface this seems logical right?, I can run faster so why shouldn’t I? But how fast can they “actually” run? Perception V’s reality perhaps? What are they training for at the time when they think they can go faster? Maybe they mean they can run longer when they say faster…like my wife when she says "OK" but really means "I dare you to". Or maybe they don’t understand what they are training for? I also get asked about aerobic and anaerobic training, base and endurance training and VO2 Max and VDOT. What the hell do they all mean and where do you start? This is not a complete guide, in fact it’s not enough to train others and nowhere near enough to coach others. It is enough to be trained and nothing more. But hopefully it will shed some light as to why it is important to stick to the paces you are prescribed Sub systems The first thing to grasp is the fact that each different pace of running is designed to train a different sub system or to create a different muscle, nerve or even mental adaptation. Think of a decathlete and their training and the 10 different track and field events. They need to train each event (subsystem) in order to be the best overall. Some decathletes are good runners whilst others are better at the javelin throw or shot-put. They need to balance their time between each event in order to get the best overall score or the best way to compete against their rivals. Ultimately though it is not about being the best or strongest in one discipline but in the ten overall. Take this analogy one step further, those that are good at the 100 meters tend to also excel at the long jump as both require explosive short term speed. But they tend to have to work hard at their weakness in discus and shot-put where strength play a much bigger role. The Javelin throw sits in the middle where brute strength is no good without speed. The athletes either train at what they are good at or work on their weaknesses and this choice, rather than just the technique, usually decides the winner in modern day Olympics where training tends to be more equal across nations. So imagine you’re running to be the same way. You have sub systems and each need to be trained to compete well. The choice needs to be made to train at what you are good at or work on your weaknesses and this is an art form. How to train the subsystems however, is a science. Your chosen event will also dictate how much time is required to be spent at each subsystem as well as your natural disposition. There are five running subsystems that we need to discuss. Technically this is called base training or E2A or low heart rate. Ignore that, it’s easy running. It’s what the majority of your time running is spent doing including warm-ups, long runs and recovery runs. It’s easy, comfortable pace running and its builds the foundation for all running. It creates specific muscle adaption for running in a low stress environment, teaches your body to better utilise fat as a fuel source and increases the body’s ability to carry oxygen through your blood. You should be able to hold a conversation whilst running at this pace. Its that Easy! Marathon Pace Unlike the name suggest this is not just for marathoners. It is an uncomfortable pace that is much a mental challenge as it is a physical challenge. Runs exercising this subsystem allow the body get use to running with mental discomfort. Threshold is about improving endurance. Marathoners live and breathe this whilst half marathoners should become friendly with this intensity. It still has benefit for short distances as well but not at the frequency or duration as the longer runners. This intensity is uncomfortably hard but the feeling is that your legs are giving way before your lungs. The idea is to be able to keep below a pace so you can run long interval distances but slow enough as to not max out your heart and lung capacity. It’s the dead leg feeling your chasing. This is all about heart and lungs! This pace is all about making your heart and lungs work and work hard. It’s done using intervals so that we reduce the tired or dead leg feeling and replace it with a lack of oxygen. Heart and lung capacity helps in every sport that involves moving around and life in general. It’s a very specific pace however and not flat out. It’s a very fine balance of optimal result with minimal stress, a very fine balance. For most runners who move from random training to a formal schedule will generally gain the most benefit from training in this zone. But it’s also the zone that has to be finely balanced with ample recovery as well. Repetition is all about technique efficiency. The more efficient every runner is the better they will be over every distance. It is not associated with V02Max and is not designed to increase any capacity or tolerance. Its very fast, light, efficient running with long breaks to allow full recovery. Its designed to make you feel more comfortable at faster paces and to develop the nerve patterns (proprioception) for good, efficient running technique.. It can also be used at the end of workouts to help feel that fast efficient running even when tired and to open up the stride.. Let’s conclude by going back to our decathlete analogy. The guy that needs to work on his javelin throw will still benefit if he does nothing more than sprint training. His extra speed gained from sprinting will help with the javelin throw but was that his best time spent training when he really needed to improve his javelin throw? Just like the marathon runner that spends the majority of his time training at interval pace. Sure he will become faster at the marathon from this training but is this the best spend of his time training? Understanding the different running subsystem’s is essential in order to be trained in these subsystems otherwise you don’t know what the feeling is you’re chasing and miss the point of the training session. You also don’t understand what feedback your coach requires. There is no point telling your coach you could have gone faster at last night’s interval session. Of course you could go faster...could you have gone longer at threshold pace? Training repetition for example and deciding to cut the rest time down as you’re short on time doesn’t make sense when you’re chasing efficiency and minimal stress. Running threshold sessions and reducing the distance or time spent running is a wasted set when you’re trying to get your legs to feel dead and heavy. Easy, Marathon and Threshold Pace are the most common paces that people get wrong. They typically run Easy at too slow a pace and Threshold too fast and don’t effectively get the adaptation they are seeking. A lot of runners don’t run at Marathon (or true Threshold) so don’t ‘teach’ their body to run at their goal event pace. Those like me, which have limited time to train, want to maximise the benefits for the event they want to compete in. Less junk runs, more quality sessions. Tuesday, 6 March 2012 H.I.I.T v L.S.D ? Why not use both. A Smart answer to the HIIT versus LSD Debate Like Ford versus Holden or Audi versus BMW the debate has long raged about what is better - High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) or Long Slow Distance (LSD). Like the car analogy both work. But when it comes to fat loss they work in different ways hence the debate continues to rage. HIIT increases the metabolism after the exercise session through what is called EPOC - Exercise Post Oxygen Consumption. During the workout, due to the intensity, glycogen or ATP is the primary fuel source however fat is burnt AFTER the session. LSD uses fat as it's primary fuel source meaning you are burning fat whilst you are working out - if you exercise for 40mins then you are burning fat for 40 mins. Actually this isn't quite true as it takes sometime for the body to start releasing fatty acids. HIIT workouts are typically shorter but not everyone likes the intensity involved hence the preference for LSD however too many people confuse Long Slow Distance with Long STOPPED Distance and don't exercise at enough of an intensity to burn fat. So far we have introduced HIIT, LSD and EPOC and here's another acronym - S.A.I.L which stands for Specific Adaptation to Implied Load. Basically if you do the same exercise each morning like going for a brisk walk or bicycle ride your body, over time, becomes more efficient at it and requires less energy (fat) in order to complete the task so LSD becomes less effective. But rather than debate which is more effective - HIIT or LSD why not leverage the metabolic benefits of both ? Huh ? HIIT triggers the sympathetic nervous system (aka the Fight or Flight response) which causes the release of fat burning hormones like catecholamines. These becomes the catalyst for free fatty acids to dump into the body at a steady rate. So far so good. But what happens to these free fatty acids ? If they are not consumed then they are stored. For men, fat is most easily stored around the abdomen, for women it's the buttocks (both of these are a throw back to primitive man) so HIIT can literally move unburnt fat to the area where you least want it. So lets go back to LSD. What does LSD use as it's fuel source ? Free fatty acids. Like bring a dog in to clean up the crumbs off the carpet LSD can 'clean up' the free fatty acids released by HIIT to prevent them being stored. Here's how it works... 1. An easy warmup to facilitate blood flow to the muscles and balance insulin. This is vital as it's nearly impossible to burn fat in the presence of insulin. 2. A short, intense HIIT work out. This can be done using a treadmill, bike, elliptical trainer or even kettle bells or body weight. 3. A strategically timed rest period to enable the dumping of free fatty acids and prevent re-esterification. 4. A short low intensity (but not NO intensity) workout to 'clean up' the free fatty acids and prevent their storage where you least want it. 1 - 4 HIIT Burst 30 seconds Hard/30 seconds easy x 5-10 9 / 1 Strategic Rest Steady State Cardio (LSD) Intensity Level Warmup. Brisk Walk or slow jog. Power Walk. Should be able to hold a conversation but still feel like you are working. Don't go too hard though or you will start burning blood sugar (glycogen) instead of fat. Flat out. As hard as you can go. It's only 30 seconds so give it all you've got. The key with the hard reps is to make them as hard as you can. It is better to start with 5 reps (that's only 2 1/2 minutes of actual 'work') and build up to 10 reps (5 minutes) than to do 10 at 80% intensity. If time permits increase the Steady State Cardio to 40 mins for even more benefit. Do this work out 3 times a week and your total workout time is 2-3 hours (which out of 168 hours in a week isn't much). Leave two days at least between sessions. Why ? Well you 'A' Type personalities may want to do this every day but this can be counter productive. Firstly it is hard to maintain the same intensity and focus every day so you may not get the benefit from the HIIT. Secondly the HIIT sessions can cause muscle breakdown - muscle burns energy so less muscle means less calories burnt which means more fat stored. I don't think I need to explain why that is a bad thing… Try to do this first thing in the morning on an empty stomach as insulin levels are low first thing in the morning. If you can't do it then try and do it at least two hours after eating again when insulin levels are lower. Disclaimer (sorry - has to be done) This information provided in this article is for educational purposes only. I am not a doctor and this is not meant to be taken as medical advice. The information provided in this guide is based upon my experiences as well as my interpretations of the current research available. The advice and tips given are meant for healthy adults only. You should consult your doctor to insure tips given in this course are appropriate for your individual circumstances. If you have any health issues or pre-existing conditions, please consult with your doctor before implementing any of the information provided below. This article is for informational purposes only and the author does not accept any responsibilities for any liabilities or damages, real or perceived, resulting from the use of this information.
Income, Expenditure, Receipts, Payments Learning Accounting through an example Day six Mr. Oberoi, went to the wholesale market, bought 350 worth of vegetables by taking 50 worth of vegetables on credit from the wholesale merchant. He then set out on his trip around the locality for selling vegetables. = 350/ = Cost of Purchase After buying the vegetables (stock/goods) Wholesaler (Creditor) Mrs. Vimla (Debtor) End of day six Mr. Oberoi, counted the cash with him and found it to be 440. He also recollected that his customer Mrs. Vimla who was due to him the previous day paid the amount due. Sale Proceeds relating to day six = Total Cash Collected − Previous Dues included in the collection = 440 − 20 = 420 Profit for the day should be assessed based on the sale proceeds relevant to the stock sold on the day and not based on the total cash collected Profit for day six = Sale proceeds for day six − Cost of purchase = Income − Expenditure = 420 − 350 = 70 Capital at the end of day six = Capital at the beginning of day six + Profit for day six = 320 + 70 = 390 Wholesaler (Creditor) Cash 440 • Amounts received towards income, past dues, advances, capital, etc., taken together • Takings • Sale proceeds, received and receivable together • Revenue Incomes vs Receipts Income and receipts are different entities. Income is only one of the many sources of receipts. Receipts will be equal to income if the receipts consists of only sale proceeds from sale of goods/stock relevant to the current period. Income vs Profit Income and profit are different entities. Income would be the source for earning profits. Profit is the surplus left after setting off Incomes against Expenses. For day seven Amount available for investment in goods or stock is 440. The amount due to the wholesale vendor, for the credit accorded to him towards purchase of vegetables on day six, has not been paid yet. As such if that amount is repaid, then Mr. Oberoi would be left with 390 (= 440 − 50) for purchasing stock. Day seven Mr. Oberoi went to the wholesale market, paid 50 to the wholesale vendor towards the past dues and purchased vegetables worth 420 taking the needed amount as credit. Cost of goods purchased (on day seven) = 420 Payment towards purchases (of day seven) = Total Payment − payment towards past due = 440 − 50 = 390 Amount still owed to the wholesaler = Cost of Purchase − payment towards current purchases = 420 − 390 = 30 Wholesaler (Creditor) Stock/Goods 420 Expenditure on day seven = 390 = Cost of Purchase • Amounts paid for purchase of goods, towards expenses, past dues, as advances, etc., taken together • Amounts paid or payable for goods or services in business activities Expenses vs Payments Expenses and payments are different entities. Expenditure is only one of the many reasons for payments. Payments will be equal to expenses if the payment consists of only payments for goods or services relevant to the current period. Expenditure vs Loss Expenditure and loss are different entities. Expenditure is only one of the sources for incurring losses. There would be loss on account of expenses if the incomes are not sufficient enough to recoup the expenses. End of day Seven Mr. Oberoi counted the cash with him at the end of the day and found it to be 350. He recollected that two customers Mrs. Sheela and Mr. Daniel were due to him to the extent of 20 and 25 respectively. Total Sale proceeds/realisation (received and receivable) = Collected in Cash + Due from Mrs. Sheela + Due from Mr. Daniel = 350 + 20 + 25 = 395 Profit for day seven = Total Income − Expenditure = Total realisation − Cost of purchase = 395 − 420 = − 25 Mr. Oberoi used up 25 as drawings at the end of day. Cash remaining = Sale realisation in Cash − Drawings = 350 − 25 = 325 Capital at the end of day seven = Capital at the start of day seven + Profit for the day − Drawings on day seven = 390 + (−25) − 25 = 390 − 25 − 25 = 340 Wholesaler (Creditor) Mrs. Sheela (Debtor) Mr. Daniel (Debtor) Making the student aware of the terms like capital, drawings, income, expenditure, profit, loss, debtors, creditors etc., is the objective. Do not worry about how to get all the calculations right. They are provided to give an extra amount of clarity for the numbers.
Quick Way To Kill A Poinsettia Before we get to the tragic tale of a dead poinsettia, did you hear about the redneck gardener down South? He had to mow his lawn last week to find where he left his wheelbarrow. Although they might still be gardening way down South, we’re busy celebrating the holidays and keeping our poinsettias safely nestled in the cozy warmth of our homes. But hauling a poinsettia home during cold temperatures without proper protection isn’t the only way to kill the tropical plant. There’s another way to quickly cause a poinsettia to wilt, droop, develop yellow foliage, lose leaves and finally just plain die. And no, it’s not because we’re underwatering. It’s the opposite. Overwatering is a common cause of poinsettia failure. The decorative foil that surrounds most poinsettia pots is dangerous. When water drains through the pot, excess accumulates in the foil wrapper. If the pot sits in this moisture, it’s the equivalent of holding the plant’s head under water. If left for a day, poinsettias can be irreversibly injured, resulting in death. To prevent death by drowning, cut a hole in the bottom of the foil and set the plant in a drainage saucer. When excess water accumulates, it’s easily and quickly discarded. Plant like these should be placed in a drainage suacer after cutting a hole in the foil. Plant like these should be placed in a drainage saucer after cutting a hole in the foil. How often should a poinsettia be watered? They’re members of the Euphorbia family, which are succulents. (Cacti are also succulents.) This means their waxy stems conserve moisture. By nature they prefer to dry out well between waterings, and resent being kept continually moist. Watering frequency depends on the temperature of the room, exposure to air drafts, etc. But sunny warm greenhouses usually water their poinsettias only about once every five days or so. In the home, it’s important to let the soil dry out. Then water thoroughly until some drains out the bottom. Discard the excess. There are several ways to tell if a poinsettia is dry and ready to be watered. The soil will appear lighter brown, rather than dark-moist. Lift the pot, and develop a feel for the lighter weight of a dry plant versus the weight when it’s just been watered. Insert a finger at least an inch into the soil. If the top inch is dry but you feel a little moisture below, the plant is probably ready to water. When in doubt, wait a day, unless the leaves are wilting and the soil is dry. If the poinsettia is wilting and the soil is still moist, it’s suffering from being kept too wet. It’s always better to err on the dry side with poinsettias.
How to Treat a Vomiting Baby By Sandra Ketcham Treating vomiting in babies. Many different illnesses can cause vomiting in babies and small children. Fortunately, nearly all episodes of vomiting are caused by self-limited infectious diseases, such as upper respiratory infections, viral infections of the digestive tract and other common childhood illnesses. A few causes of vomiting can be serious and may require prompt medical attention. All episodes of vomiting in newborns should be considered serious, regardless of cause, as newborns can become dangerously dehydrated very quickly. For all other cases of vomiting, home treatment and a little rest are generally all that is needed. Give your baby nothing to eat or drink for 30 minutes to one hour following an episode of vomiting in order to rest the stomach and prevent further irritation. Monitor your baby for signs of dehydration, such as less frequent urination, a strong odor or darker color to your baby’s urine, increased fussiness, lethargy, sunken fontanels, reduced tears when crying and a dry or sticky mouth. If your infant shows any signs of dehydration, he needs to be taken to the emergency room immediately. Continue breast-feeding your baby, and offer each breast to your infant every 10 minutes. Formula fed babies should be given 0.5 ounces of room temperature oral rehydration solution every 10 minutes after the vomiting has subsided. Gradually increase the amount of the rehydration solution over the next several hours, and continue to check your baby for signs of dehydration. When six hours have passed without vomiting, formula feeding may be resumed. For older babies who are accustomed to solid foods, introduce clear liquids once your child is feeling better and has not vomited in at least eight hours. Chicken broth, gelatin and popsicles are typically well tolerated. Resume a normal diet when 12 hours have passed since the last vomiting episode. Begin with foods such as bread, cereal, pasta, bananas and applesauce. If new symptoms develop, or if the vomiting returns, contact your baby’s pediatrician as soon as possible. If you are concerned about your baby's health, contact his physician. Most doctor's offices have nurses available to answer questions over the phone. Avoid giving any unnecessary oral medications, as they may further irritate the stomach and make vomiting worse. Use acetaminophen suppositories for fever, if needed. Projectile vomiting and vomiting that is more than the amount usually present with spit-up should be reported to your child's health care provider.
14 May, 2015 Display Detail Rows as One Column in Master Sometimes, it is required to display detail rows as a single column in master row. For example in scott schema you have two tables ( DEPT, EMP) which relation is 1-M . If required to display Employees names separated by comma as one column per every DEPTNO, ÷In order to the final output like the following. The easiest way to get output of previous diagram is the following SQL query. SELECT d.deptNo, MAX (SUBSTR (SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH (d.eName, ','), 2)) employees FROM (SELECT deptNo, ROW_NUMBER () OVER (PARTITION BY deptNo ORDER BY deptNo, eName) FROM scott.emp) d START WITH d.rnum = 1 CONNECT BY d.rnum = PRIOR d.rnum + 1 AND PRIOR d.deptNo = d.deptNo GROUP BY d.deptNo Recommended Post Slide Out For Blogger
Historical origin International law is the term commonly used in referring to the rule and regulations that govern the conduct of independent nations in their relationship with one another. Mankind’s long march, from primitively to civilisation, the need for order and a regulated form of behaviour has remained vital. According to Malcolm Shew. … law is that element which binds the members of the community together in their adherence to recognized values and standards…1 Law is a binding lament within members of society binding them together in their adherence to recognised values and standards of behaviour. International law has a similar character of regulating the conduct of participants in the international society. These participants however are not individual citizens but nation states and other actors duely recognised as having international personality. International law having international personality. International having international personality. International law differs from other legal systems in that it primarily concerns itself with states and other international bodies rather than private citizens. The term international law can refer to a number of distinct legal disciplines these are. 1. Public International law which govern the relationship between states and international entities either as an individual or as a group. It also regulates operations of international institutions. It involves the following specific legal fields such as the treaty law, laws of the sea, international criminal law and the international humanitarian law. Public international law may be universal, regional or ideological. 2. Private international law also known as conflict of laws in which foreign elements intrude within domestic legal systems raising the question of which lgela jurisdiction may be applied in hearing or determining a case on one hand and the law concerning which jurisdiction may apply to the issues in the case. 3. Supranational law or the law of supranational organisations which presently concerns regional agreements where special distinguishing quality is that law of nation states are held inapplicable with a supranational legal system. EU laws are good example of supranational law. 4. Jus gentium – Latin for the laws of nations. This was originally the part of roman law which the roman empire applied to its dealings with foreigners especially provincial subjects. The jus gentium gradually became the common law of the roman empire and gained the reputation of universal application. The jus gentium was deemed to enshrine national principles which were considered not only applicable but commonly acceptable to all civilized nations. In later times, the Latin term came to refer to the natural or common law among nations considered as states within a larger human society especially governing the rules of peace and war, national boundaries, diplomatic exchanges and extradition which combines with jus inter gentes to make up public international law. 5. Jus inter gentes – simply known as agreements among nations-jus inter gentes is the body of treaties, UN conventions and other international agreements. It was originally a Roman Law concept but later become a major part of international law. 6. Pacta Sunt servanda – This is Latin word for “agreements must be kept”. It is a basic principle of civil law and of international law. The principle believes that agreements between parties are law and non-fulfilment of respective obligations is a breach of the pact. This is a general principle of correct behaviour which aims for efficacy of the whole system and requires that eventual disorder may be punished by law. Pact sun servanda is based on good faith. Every treaty in force is binding on the parties and this must be preferred by them in good faith. This entitles states to require that obligations be respected and to rely upon their being respected. To rely upon their being respected. 7. Jus Cogens, also known as “compelling law’ or “strong law” is a principle of international law considered to be very fundamental. It is enshrined in Article 53 of the Vienna convention on the law of treaties. The rule of jus Cogens require certain code of behaviour form states in respect to certain norms and situations. Jus Cogens covers a list of such aims and international wrongful acts as war of aggression, war crimes, crimes against humanity piracy genocide, apartheid, slavery, torture pollution of the atmosphere, etc. JUS Cogens can override other sources of international law including even the charter of the United Nations. As earlier noted, international law is an approach to the maintenance of order at the international level. At the domestic level, law play a regulatory role and checks interaction between individuals, groups and corporate entities and the state itself. Law, whether domestic or international has a vital function which is to change a situation which is no longer acceptable to the society and usher in never and more acceptable rules of behaviour and conduct. Law delimits the powers of governments, organisations groups or individuals vis a vis other participants within the system. Law exists to create order because where there is no law the society lapses into lawlessness reminiscent of anarchical situations characterized by the survival of the fittest. At the domestic level it is possible to have legal institutional structures whose duty it is to perform the functions of ensuring that societal laws are obeyed in every setup. At the international level, it does not appear quite so because of the complex nature of the international environment. Whereas everyone is subject to the law of the state at the domestic level, same cannot be said of the international system. International law is not oblivious of domestic law and vice versa. Each acts with respect to the other. The general rule of international law however is that a state cannot plead a rule or a gap in its own domestic law as a defence to a claim based on international. States would be regarded as important factors in international law because it states do not exist, the question of international law would not arise. In domestic law, the individuals becomes the prime factor. From the congregation of analysis, it is important to note that domestic law will form time to time fail to reflect the correct rule of international law. This however, does not necessarily mean that the domestic laws of a state will be structured or allowed to break international law. More often than not the disparity between domestic law and international law simply means that the individuals state may be unable to exercise rights which international law entitles but does not require the individual state to exercise. In situations where domestic law is capable of resulting in a breach of international law, it is the application of the rule, and not its were existence which normally constitutes the breach of international law. If however the enforcement of such a rule is undertaken in such a way that no breach of international occurs, then there would be no friction. American declaration in 1996 that it would penalise companies doing business with parish states typifies this. The contention became how far America could go in enforcing this rule beyond its national boundaries without the risk of breaking international law when it encroaches on the sovereign rights of other states. This position was vigorously resisted by France in the case of Iran and total oil in 1997. Obedience in any legal system, be it international or domestic is based on a combination of voluntary compliance and coercion. Voluntary compliance occurs when the subjects obey the law simply because they accepts its authenticity and legitimacy. They must also accepts its necessity for the reasonable conduct of society. Coercion on the other hand is the process of gaining compliance through other means-such means may involve threats of violence, punishment, imprisonment, economic sanctions, physical or military intimidation or other forms of punishment. Over the years, there has been a lot of controversy among scholars of international polities over the legal character of international law. There has been a raging debate between those who argue that international law is not a true law and those who believe that it is. This debate involves two schools of thought – those known as Austinians and the other called the Historicist. 1. The Nastinian school represents the views of John Austin, an oxford scholar who contends that international law is not a true law but a more code of morality which states are expected to comply with. He argued that for a law to be regarded as a true law and for such law to have a binding effect, it must emulate from an authoritative and recognised source- a sovereign. The Austinians argue that law involves a superior inferior relationship for purposes of authenticity and credibility. The law emanates from a source which could be the Monarch, parliament or president and is passed down to the citizens who are duty bound to respect and comply with such laws. The Austinians school argued that there must be in existence the apparatus of state of enforce laws that are made by the super-ordinate body. At the domestic level, there is the police, the courts and the prison to check the incidence of infraction of the law and to punish offenders. They hold that in the international environment, it is impracticable to arrest, put on trial or jail a state that goes against the provisions of the so-called international law. The Austinians further contend that international law would be violated with impurity since it does not operate within a context where it can be enforced. States are subjects of international law and since all states are equal, non can improve on the other or seek to bring an rand member to book. Furthermore, the Austinians argued that Jurisdiction at the domestic level is compulsory since no one state can unilaterally opt out of the jurisdiction of the law. At the domestic level, jurisdiction of the state has no exemption on the citizens whereas such compulsory jurisdiction is lacking at the international level. The Austinian declared that what is largely regarded as international law is merely a moral guide for states in their relationship with one another. They concluded that what is ordinarily another. They concluded that what is ordinarily called international law would better b e seen as “international morality” which states are at liberty to accept or reject as it pleases them in the pursuit of their national interest. The historicist - on the other hand of this argument are those referred to as the historicist. This group look at international law from historical and evolutionary angle. The historicist criticised the ideas espoused by the Austinianss on ground of its ever simplification and for placing too much emphasis on the role of sanction as a linkage to every rule. The historists argue that international law is a true law despite the short coming it has been faced with especially at its evolutionary years. They argue that international law should be accepted as true law because, like domestic law before it, it evolved from contentions and customes based on the accepted norms of the behaviour in the international environment. The maintain that law at the international level is just passing through the same trial process as domestic law did during its period of evolution. The hsitorists contend that no state emerged with a constitution or legal code at the same time but that while states came into existence their laws and constitution were given time to evolve, grow and mature to the level of effectiveness. They argue that the English common laws as well as the civil laws of the Romans Undernet various processes of evolution and maturity. In effect, the historists believe that if given the same level of patience and encouragement, international law will, sooner or later, attain the height that domestic laws of nations have attained in regulating the conduct and behaviour of states. The historists insist than even though there is no central government, police; prison or court systems at the international level, states do comply and observe the provisions of conventions and treaties which they are obliged. Such compliance is necessary because they realize the benefits desirable from doing so and the loss sustainable from not doing so. In the global environment the need to maintain a stable, sustaining and result-oriented international system has become a common goal for all humanity. Sources of international law have to do with the materials and processes out of which the rules and principles regulating the international system developed. This process has been long and complicated and have been shaped and conditioned by an array of both political and legal theories. The consensual new of international law demands that states must take into account its obligations to and agreement with other even in pursuit of her own goals and objectives in the open arena. This was further reflected in the statute of the permanent court of Justice (league 1920) and the international court of justice (1946). Public international law or international public law concerns the relationship between the entities or legal persons which are considered the subjects of legal persons which are considered the subjects of international law including sovereign nations the legal status of the Holy see international organisations especially inter governmental organisations such as the UN and in the same case, national liberation movements, the sources of modern international law may be summarized as follows: 1. International customs or customary international law- international custom is a consistent behaviour of states over a period of time which has been generally accepted and as such can be assumed that every civilized state would accept such general practice. Such consistent practices may also be accompanied by opinion juris (an opinion of law or necessity) this is the belief that an action was carried out because it was a legal obligation. Customs take a long time to evolve which makes the area of customary international law a bit problematic customs represent an important part of international law and over the years a lot of progress has been made in trying to bring some of those accepted norms which states how try to elevate to the status of treaties and international agreement. 2. Treaties and Agreements: these are codification contained in conventional agreements which are generally referred to as treaties. Treaties are the most important source of international law. Treaties are agreements willingly and voluntarily entered into by states (2 or more) and which has binding effects. Treaties, when accepted and seen as workable can be embraced by a large number of states in the international community and this became accepted as parts of international law. 3. General Principles of Law Recognised by Civilised Nations: although this language sounds vague, it does have its relevance. Amongst all it allows external sources of law such as “morality” to come into effective consideration. The principle of “equity” that is what is considered fair when no legal standard exists also has same application under general principles. Iraq’s aggression against Kuwait in 1990 was a clear violation of this basic principle. This general principle also give evidence to the arguments of the natural lawyers. Those generally accepted principled of law was largely discovered by the Romans. Civilisation of nations can make it possible for judges to make use of general principles in the absence of evidentiary comments in trying international cases. 4. Article 59 of the ICT. This article may not be seen or used as having binding effect on all states since its jurisdiction is not compulsory. Article 59 of the ICT however becomes binging when they relevant states or parties to a conflict agree to it states can agree to have arbitration panels look into a dispute and the decision of such panels can be seem to form part of the provisions of international law. Similarly, the ruling of the ICJ and other international tribunals and even domestic court, when they apply international law. Help shape the body of how that exist. Article 13 of the UN charter obligates the general assembly to initiate studies and make recommendations which encourages progressive development of int law and its conditions. 5. Judicial Decisions And Writings the teachings writings opinions and decisions of highly qualified jurists and internationally recognised legal personnel and publicist and the subsidiary means for the determination of the rules of law and precedents. Such reinsured experts such as Hugo Grotins, Alberico Gentili, Francisco Vitria, etc, do not make international lane they are merely recognised in respect to their research and the competence of their treaties, their resort to rational reasoning an sound judgement and their general ability to show clearly and concisely, what ought to be. The works of such renowned scholars are often a reference points by the courts in their deliberations these academic and expert legal opinions are sometimes referred to as “soft law”. 6. Determinations of the Organs of International organisation: evidence of consensus or inter-practice can sometimes be derived from intergovernmental resolutions. The decisions of international organisations such as EC, NATO, OAS, ECOWAS, etc shape behaviour of their members and n a very large measure affect the behaviour of non-members. Their declarations could be understandably accepted as source of international law. The league of nation and the united nations working through their various organs established much of the basic foundations for the development mover of international law. 7. International Conferences- Global conferences seminars and workshops are held from times to time to deliberate on issues affecting the international environment. From these conferences, ideas are harnessed, agreement reached and new codes of behaviour may be adopted. Diplomatic immunities and privileges all resulted from the works of international conferences. The most remarkable of these is the Vienna congress, 1961. the international civil Aviation conferences held in Chicago in 1994 established what has come to be generational industry. 8. UN. Charter- the UN charter has added a lot of impetus to the development of international law, including advisory and non- binding standards such as the universal declaration of Human Rights. Several principles of international law have been established through international agreements. These include the heneva conventions on the conduct of war and under agreements on ILO, WHO, WTO, IMF, UNESCO, world intellectual property organisation the international telecommunications union, etc. The idea that laws can came from the united Nations General Assembly or any other international representative assembly is best with controversy in any case, members of the UN one duty bound to respect the decision of the general Assembly and the security council, given this obligation, it is possible to argue that these international bodies are quasi-legislative. The fact that their resolutions and mandates are often violated does not mean that these laws does not exist. Law in general terms is a product of society at both the domestic and international levels. Law is an instrument of politics and it reflects the configuration of socio political force often at play in the international level. As international evolves, it can be seen as a process of political evolution. The flexibility introduced into the concept of international law is also remarkable. The various legal system s in the world-traditional theocratic, western, Islamic, Roman, Oriental, etc. Share on Google Plus
Reverse Osmosis Drinking Water System The reverse osmosis works like this: The pressure from household tap forces water through a semi-permeable membrane. This membrane separates the every day household water at the molecular level. The membrane acts like a filter to isolate the contaminants, reducing them so that the water becomes purer, reverse osmosis water with substantially reduced dissolved solids and contaminants. This cleaner, purer, refined water is then stored in a holding tank, ready at your convenience.
Back Pain Lower back pain is second only to the common cold for why people seek medical care. Back pain may be mild or extreme and cause lost job time, lost personal time and can significantly decrease quality of life. Causes of Back Pain Causes of lower back pain can be caused by many different factors. Three factors that frequently are associated with lower back pain are the muscles of the lower back, the skeletal system and the nervous system. Muscular low back pain is the most common type of back pain and often results when a person performs an activity that requires more strength or more endurance than the muscles of the lower back can provide. When muscles are forced to contract harder than they are able, then microscopic tears result causing significant inflammation. This is commonly called a back spasm or back strain. One should not underestimate how much pain muscles can cause. Treating muscular low back pain first involves reducing the pain and inflammation so that one can move more freely. Initial treatment is typically in the form of medications that decreased pain and inflammation. The goal of this treatment is to encourage comfort and normal activity. In some cases muscle spasm may be severe enough to require more aggressive treatment. On occasion, small trigger point injections are used to reduce pain and spasm so that a person can sleep more effectively. Trigger point injections actually have lower risks then giving narcotic pain medications. Once pain is manageable then a combination of massage therapy, then physical therapy combined with either acupuncture or medication management, can allow person to return to normal activity. Once the pain level has decreased to a low enough level the treatment should be centered on strengthening the core muscles to prevent reoccurrence of the muscle pain. Bone and joint problems are a common cause of chronic back pain. Unfortunately, disorders of the bones and joints can be difficult to diagnose. The first step in determining bone or joint related back pain is a careful physical examination. The causes of pain can range from trauma or arthritis of the small joints called facets, tears in the discs of the spine or fractures of the bones of the spine. Frequently, x-rays or MRIs are used to assist in diagnosing the exact cause of pain. Rarely, carefully performed injections using x-ray guidance may be used to clarify the cause of pain if a physical exam and imaging are not enough. These injections are frequently helpful in decreasing pain and allow other treatments to be more effective. The mainstay of long term treatment and prevention of reoccurrence is to restore proper posture and strength to the spine and hip. Sometimes injections or medications are required to reduce that pain so person move and sleep so they can participate in physical therapy. Pinched nerves of the low back are often the most painful source of lower back pain and require the more urgent attention. Pinched nerves can cause pain into the leg, numbness, weakness or all the above. Very rarely, pinched nerves can cause bowel or bladder incontinence and this requires immediate evaluation by a medical provider. It is a common belief that all pinched nerves require surgery. However, the majority of pinched nerves can be treated without surgery. If a pinched nerve only involves pain and numbness, physical therapy to reduce compression on the nerves combined with either steroid pills or steroid injections can be used to effectively manage a pinched nerve and support the body while it heals. If there is weakness then this needed to be closely evaluated with repeat physical exams and potentially a study to evaluate the heath of the nerves called an EMG. One can follow a pinched nerve with mild weakness for 2 to 3 months before a discussion about surgery is needed. A pinched nerve that causes weakness that is functionally impairing that does not improve with steroid injection, physical therapy or medications, often require surgical consultation. Generally nerves can be compressed mildly for 2 to 3 months without permanent damage. After this time, increasing risk of permanent damage results. Is often valuable to see a rehabilitation physician such as those at ROI first, to help diagnose and provide supportive treatments for a pinched nerve prior to referral to a surgeon. Most surgeons require at least some conservative management, that is, massage therapy, medication management, injections and physical therapy before even considering surgery for pinched nerve in the back. Our Clinic provides comprehensive diagnostic and treatment options for Back Pain. These include physicians to evaluate the cause of pain with physical exams, imaging review, EMG’s and injections. Additionally, ROI has skilled providers from physical therapy, massage, acupuncture, and athletic training that work as a team to address your specific needs to improve your pain and restore your health. Our Clinic provides an integrated approach to resolve your back pain. We first confer with our specialist and then create a unique program specific to each patient for their back pain. Contact us or call us for an appointment at 425-394-1200 to start you on a path to a pain free and healthier life. Back Pain Wordpress services by Tailored WP
Hysteria as a confusion of occurrent and dispositional states Uses Wittgenstein's distinctions between occurrent (mood) and dispositional (belief, feeling) states to re-think the nature of hysteria In a number of places, Wittgenstein suggests that our willingness to attribute beliefs, emotions, feelings and moods to someone is linked to an understanding of the real temporal span and experienced temporality of human life. So we can puzzle ourselves by asking a question like, Can you be passionately in love with someone for three minutes? The answer seems to be 'No', and yet there is clearly no rule for how long a feeling must last to count as passionate love for someone. Similar questions can be manufactured at ease by adding ' for three minutes' at the end of such beginning questions as: Can we believe in God? Can we believe deeply in God? Can we mourn someone? Can we care about the environment? In other cases, the syntactic form of the question has to be a bit different to avoid ambiguity: Can we sincerely want for three minutes to marry someone? Can we have an ambition (for three minutes) to learn Russian? And so on. Sometimes, there's no problem about the time dimension. It does seem all right for us to say that someone was momentarily depressed, or temporarily enraged, and part of the philosophical task is to sort these cases from the others - so that we may end up with an understanding of mood and an awareness of the distinction between occurrent states of mind, such as moods, and dispositional states, such as beliefs and feelings. Now I want to take a leap and say that psychoanalysis, as invented in the conversation between Freud and his patients, has grappled practically with the same kind of problem, and that the problem was most sharply posed in the early days of psychoanalysis by what, then and now, is called hysteria. For it might be said of the hysteric - and I don't know if this has been said in so many words before - that s/he repetitively confuses mood with belief and feeling. And this is the specific way in which hysteria is a failure of the self, an inability to present an identity to another person to which they can (non-therapeutically) relate. For the hysteric's ground is always shifting, but never presented simply as a change of mood. The hysteric believes passionately and loves deeply - for three minutes at a time. And this is why hysterics both need and elude a talking cure. They live in spots of time, use language to express that fact, but baffle others in their use of language because they treat their occurrent states (moods) as if they were dispositional (belief, feeling) ones. As is well known, it was one of Freud's early hysterical patients who invented the phrase, ' the talking cure'. Hysterics have an abundant need to talk, since their world is one of urgent belief and pressing feeling, for which words appear to serve as expression. Yet their words are empty, a recognition of which is at the core of the psychoanalytic treatment of hysteria. Their words do not give them the contact with themselves which hysterics both crave and fear. As the trace of mood, the words of a hysteric do not cohere an identity (to use a felicitous expression of Christoper Bollas), and the hysteric's abundant meta-communications ('What I really meant was...') are heard by the analyst as desperate rationalisations intended to achieve that sense of identity which the hysteric may know s/he has not got. In a non-therapeutic relationship, the partner (the other) of the hysteric may sink into a gloom presided over by the thought, 'This person never means what s/he says'. For the therapist, the goal of their work is to enable their patient to say something that they mean, - to echo also the title of Stanley Cavell's first book, Must we mean what we say? But, of course, working with words - the common currency between analyst and analysand - the hysteric in on safe ground for eluding her task. She has only to keep on talking, keep the flow of rationalisation going, in order to defeat the analyst-enemy. This is what I mean when I say that the hysteric both needs and eludes a talking cure. Attempts to specify the nature of hysteria have been variously expressed. The idea that the hysteric doesn't mean what she says is also contained in the common use of dramatic metaphors to talk about hysteria: the hysteric stages a crisis; s/he treats the other as anaudience; the hysteric's distress has a theatrical quality; and so on. And, of course, utterances on stage, do not have the force or carry the consequences that they would carry in real life. Stage utterances have, in fact, been a favourite stalking ground for speech act and other theorists of pragmatics just because they have difficult to analyse dual properties of seriousness and emptiness. In this, the hysteric's utterances are comparable. Without the other, the hysteric is lost, like an actor without an audience. S/he looks to the other to give words a reality which they would not otherwise have, the reality which comes from recognition. But the audience is almost certainly going to be misled, and to make matters worse by taking the hysteric seriously. Taking them at face value, the other will hear the words of the hysteric as expressing beliefs or feelings and will respond accordingly, unless the listener moves into analytic role and treats them symptomatically as the expression of mood. But to express sympathy or to enquire 'Why do you think you are feeling like this?' is to move out of a communicative relationship (an I-Thou relationship) and into a therapeutic relationship with quite different goals. The hysteric both needs the literal-mindedness of (say) the obsessional and is defeated by it, since it cannot touch where the words are coming from. A dogged obsessional will drive the hysteric ever deeper into the maze of rationalisation where s/he will lose his/her self even more hopelessly. Without hysteria, there would have been no psychoanalysis. Contemporary hysteria is different fromfin de siecle Viennese hysteria, and contemporary understandings of hysteria focus more on the experience of the hysteric's other (the counter-transference in psychoanalysis; the distress of relatives and friends in everyday life). They also, as far as aetiology is concerned, focus more on the role of the mother in the genesis of hysteria. I'll say a bit about all these matters. 1995; unfinished. Not previously published
How One-Way Mirror Window Film Works to Increase Residential or Commercial Privacy One Way Mirror Window Film Who doesn’t want to feel the natural warmth of the sun and enjoy the beautiful scene of outdoors? Of course, everyone does. That’s why there are windows in interiors and exterior buildings. To cover windows, there are plentiful types of glasses installed in the home, offices, hotels and other allied places. But, sometimes these windows can account for a breach of privacy as windows always offer a two-way vision. Most of the individuals and businesses seek an effective solution to overcome this problem of privacy breach. Do you too find yourself in those category of persons? Don’t worry! We have something in the bag for you – One-Way Mirror Window Film. Let us explain each and everything related to this, read below. A Simple Introduction in Layman Words If you have seen any cop-based Hollywood movie, recall the scene where an officer investigate the bad guy and some officials look towards the bad guy through a window glass. In this kind of situation, the window glass will act as a mirror for the bad guy whereas it will be acting as a plane glass for the officials at the same time. Now, you must be wondering how it may be possible. It is what we call one-way mirror window film. Interestingly, there is no such thing like a one-way mirror or allied window films as nothing can overcome the basic laws of physics. It just creates this effect under certain lightening conditions and specific manufacturing conditions. In the next paragraph, you will learn how a simple film can create this illusion. Manufacturing Smartness and Working Procedure: All of the mirror based window films are made by coating a thick layer of metal over the film surface to reflects all the incident light (In reality, a small fraction of light always gets absorbed but it is neglected in the case of mirror effect). If the metal coating over the window film is made thin enough to transmit a small fraction of incident light in the other direction, it will act as a one-way mirror window film under certain conditions of illumination. When this specific kind of window film is applied on a plane glass placed between brightly lit and dark area, it will act as a one-way mirror. For the observer on the darker side, the fraction of light transmitted through the brightly lit area will be compared to that of the darkness. So, the observer will be able to see the activity on the another side. One-Way-Mirror Window Film But if the observer is on the brighter side, he/she will see a combination of light reflected from his side through mirror-like film plus the fraction of amount transmitted from the darker side. The reflected light, in this case, will inundate out the light that is transmitting from the darker side. That is why the observer will not be able to see through it and give an illusion of one-way mirror. Privacy-Benefits in Residential and Commercial Places These kinds of mirror-like films are widely demanded in commercial and residential establishments to ascertain an enhanced level of privacy. In homes, these films are demanded for installation over the glass-based doors and windows to prevent peeping of the passerby. Whereas in commercial uses, it is widely demanded among police official for identification of criminals by victims/witness and psychiatric clinics to observe the behavior of patients. Besides, it is much-demanded in office buildings to prevent the sight of office space in the daytime. So, we hope that we have managed to let you understand each and everything about this specific type of window film. If your home or office space too needs an added level of privacy from the passerby or peeper, don’t wait more to get these ultimate One way mirror privacy window film. Author Bio: Mr. Aaron Shelay is a renowned educator of window films, solar shades, blinds and associated kinds of light-blocking solutions. He is also known as a consultant for major industries that are looking for an effective solution to prevent excessive sunlight and glare. Currently, he is linked with the world’s most renowned company, Window Cool as a senior consultant. And yeah, he loves to play golf too in his free time. Leave a Reply
Green tea has been one of the most popular beverages for thousand years. Unlike black tea, green tea has undergone the least processing. In this case, the green tea has the maximum amount of polyphenols and antioxidant that provide numerous health benefits. Research shows that Green Tea has several health benefits that include; Weight Loss Green Tea helps burn unwanted body fats by increase the rate of metabolism. The body will no longer convert foods into fats but instead turn them to useful calories. Many people praise green tea as the most effective weight loss product. Combats Diabeteshvbhfb Green tea is known to regulate the glucose levels hence slowing down the rise of blood sugars immediately after eating. The study shows that people who use green on a regular basis are less likely to be affected by diabetes. Prevents Liver Disease It has been proven that green tea protects your liver from the harmful effects of toxic substances. Moreover, the scientific studies show that green tea contains chemicals known as Catechins that treat viral hepatitis in the liver. Reduce Cholesterol Levels Green tea can lower bad cholesterol in the blood hence promoting the health of the heart and blood vessels. It helps the blood vessels stay relaxed allowing them to withstand pressure changes. Also, the green tea can help protect your blood against clotting. Regular intake of green tea can prevent heart attacks. Protects The Skin Against Aging Green tea has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can significantly eliminate the wrinkles as well as signs of aging. Also, the studies have shown that green tea can reduce the effects of sun damage. Prevents Tooth Problems hbfhbGreen tea contains chemical antioxidants that are known to destroy harmful bacteria and viruses on your mouth. In this case, people who use green tea regularly are less likely to be affected by dental caries and bad breath. Reduce Depression Theanine, an amino acid found in green tea, helps to provide a relaxing effect on your brain. In this case, green tea can significantly reduce stress and depression. Reduce The Risk Of Cancer Green contains powerful antioxidants that can help protect against some types of cancer. People who use green tea on a regular basis are less likely to suffer from prostate, breast, colorectal and esophageal cancer. Green is the most popular beverage that is known to provide numerous health benefits. For best results, the green tea should be consumed on a daily basis.
by Daniel Rodgers This content is part of a series. Blessed Are the Meek (3 of 8) Series: The Sermon on the Mount Dan Rodgers Matthew 5:1-12 November 9, 2005 INTRODUCTION: As we pick up our study of the Beatitudes, we have thus far looked the first two: "Blessed are the poor in spirit: for theirs is the kingdom of heaven," then the second one; "Blessed are they that mourn: for they shall be comforted," and tonight's lesson: "Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth." This verse brings to mind Psalm 37:5-11, "Commit thy way unto the Lord; trust also in him; and he shall bring it to pass. [6] And he shall bring forth thy righteousness as the light, and thy judgment as the noonday. [7] Rest in the Lord, and wait patiently for him: fret not thyself because of him who prospereth in his way, because of the man who bringeth wicked devices to pass. [8] Cease from anger, and forsake wrath: fret not thyself in any wise to do evil. [9] For evildoers shall be cut off: but those that wait upon the Lord, they shall inherit the earth. [10] For yet a little while, and the wicked shall not be: yea, thou shalt diligently consider his place, and it shall not be. [11] But the meek shall inherit the earth; and shall delight themselves in the abundance of peace." Now let's turn our attention to the message: first, the blessing and then the compliment or reward. A. Who are the meek? 1. The meek are those who have humbled themselves before God--those who have sought and have received forgiveness of sin. a. This is a problem for many because typically, man is not humble creature--he is, by nature, proud and arrogant--not willing to humble his heart and seek forgiveness. The Psalmist wrote, "The wicked, through the pride of his countenance, will not seek after God: God is not in all his thoughts" (Psalm 10:4). 1) We all remember the story of the Pharisee and the Publican, how the Pharisee, in his pride, refused to humble himself and repent; while the Publican, on th ... There are 10108 characters in the full content. This excerpt only shows a 2000 character sample of the full content. Price: $4.99 or 1 credit
Know About Kitten Vaccination To Enjoy The Company Of A Healthy Feline Family Member Similar to we humans, our pets too need vaccinations from time to time so as to increase their immunity and fight diseases. An ideal cat parent will always want to protect his kittens from many life threatening ailments with vaccination which is a critical part of a good preventive health care plan. A vaccine is normally administered by an injection under the skin, though it may also be given sometimes as drops into nose or eyes. As we all may know that it’s designed to stimulate body’s immune system and thereby protecting against a particular infectious disease if the kitten is exposed to that disease. What does a Vaccine Contain? It may contain: Live Organisms (therefore known as “modified live vaccines”): Here the organisms are modified in such a way that they cannot cause disease but can reproduce for a short time after the vaccine’s administration to stimulate a good immune response. Killed Organisms (these are known as “killed or inactivated vaccines”): Here the organisms have been killed and combined usually with other substances to evoke a good immune response. Recombinant Vaccines: This is a modern kind of vaccine in which parts of one organism (genes causing the production of proteins essential in evoking a good immune response) may be combined with another organism, and then the cat is vaccinated with it. All these vaccines need to pass through stringent safety and efficacy tests before being licensed for usage in cats. If used correctly and as suggested, they are safe and also provide protection to cats against several diseases. Visit to understand how to take proper care of your pet and when to take them to a qualified vet. Which Diseases are Cats Protected from with Vaccinations? There may be different vaccines in different countries because some diseases are restricted to certain countries. Here are the most commonly occurring diseases in kittens and vaccines for them. • Feline calicivirus • Feline herpesvirus • Feline panleukopenia virus • Bordetella bronchiseptica • Chlamydophila felis What are Core and Non-core Vaccines? Vaccines are classified as core and non-core vaccines. While core vaccines are supposed to be necessary for all cats due to the widespread and/or serious nature of the diseases against which they protect the pet, non-core vaccines are administered only to cats which have chances to get exposed to infection. Whether to administer non-core vaccines or not depends on the cat’s lifestyle, age and contact with other cats. Talk with veterinarians for kitten vaccinations services in Sydney to know which vaccines you will have to give to your kitten. Core Vaccines Feline Panleucopenia This virus is also called feline parvovirus or feline infectious enteritis and is a serious and often lethal cause of haemorrhagic gastroenteritis. Feline Herpes Virus (FHV 1) and Feline Calicivirus (FCV) FHV 1 and FCV are combined together because these two viruses are the chief causative factors for upper respiratory tract infection in cats. Though more common in dogs, rabies occurs in cats too and they need protection against it. Non-core Vaccines Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV) FeLV is a serious disease which can spread through mutual grooming, fighting and sharing bowls of food and water and litter trays. Kittens may acquire the disease before birth from the mother. Chlamydophila Felis This is a kind of bacteria that chiefly lead to conjunctivitis in cats. It commonly occurs in young kittens in a multicat household and mild upper respiratory signs too may occur. Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) FIV vaccination can be obtained only in a few, though not all countries. This virus occurs commonly especially in cats going outdoors and fighting (infection is spread mainly through bites). Talk to your vet and plan a vaccination schedule, so that you can enjoy the company of a healthy feline family member most of the time. Leave a Reply
The Solar Interior The solar interior is separated into four regions by the different processes that occur there. Energy is generated in the core, the innermost 25%. This energy diffuses outward by radiation (mostly gamma-rays and x-rays) through the radiative zone and by convective fluid flows (boiling motion) through the convection zone, the outermost 30%. The thin interface layer (the “tachocline”) between the radiative zone and the convection zone is where the Sun’s magnetic field is thought to be generated. The Core In stars like the Sun the nuclear burning takes place through a three step process called the proton-proton or pp chain. In the first step two protons collide to produce deuterium, a positron, and a neutrino. In the second step a proton collides with the deuterium to produce a helium-3 nucleus and a gamma ray. In the third step two helium-3s collide to produce a normal helium-4 nucleus with the release of two protons. In this process of fusing hydrogen to form helium, the nuclear reactions produce elementary particles called neutrinos. These elusive particles pass right through the overlying layers of the Sun and, with some effort, can be detected here on Earth. The number of neutrinos we detect is but a fraction of the number we expected. This problem of the missing neutrinoswas one of the great mysteries of solar astronomy but now appears to be solved by the discovery of neutrino masses. The Radiative Zone The Interface Layer (Tachocline) The interface layer lies between the radiative zone and the convective zone. The fluid motions found in the convection zone slowly disappear from the top of this layer to its bottom where the conditions match those of the calm radiative zone. This thin layer has become more interesting in recent years as more details have been discovered about it. It is now believed that the Sun’s magnetic field is generated by a magnetic dynamo in this layer. The changes in fluid flow velocities across the layer (shear flows) can stretch magnetic field lines of force and make them stronger. This change in flow velocity gives this layer its alternative name – the tachocline. There also appears to be sudden changes in chemical composition across this layer. The Convection Zone The convection zone is the outer-most layer of the solar interior. It extends from a depth of about 200,000 km right up to the visible surface. At the base of the convection zone the temperature is about 2,000,000°C. This is “cool” enough for the heavier ions (such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, calcium, and iron) to hold onto some of their electrons. This makes the material more opaque so that it is harder for radiation to get through. This traps heat that ultimately makes the fluid unstable and it starts to “boil” or convect. Convection occurs when the temperature gradient (the rate at which the temperature falls with height or radius) gets larger than the adiabatic gradient (the rate at which the temperature would fall if a volume of material were moved higher without adding heat). Where this occurs a volume of material moved upward will be warmer than its surroundings and will continue to rise further. These convective motions carry heat quite rapidly to the surface. The fluid expands and cools as it rises. At the visible surface the temperature has dropped to 5,700 K and the density is only 0.0000002 gm/cm³ (about 1/10,000th the density of air at sea level). The convective motions themselves are visible at the surface as granules and supergranules. Courtesy of
Think Free Leave a comment David Hume's statements on ethics foreshadowed... David Hume (Photo credit: Wikipedia) Science [Latin scientia = knowledge] (revised Aug 17 2016) Hard and Soft Science has, at the very least, two meanings. The first meaning is most commonly found in the natural and physical sciences. In these so-called “hard” sciences, science develops laws and theories from the systematic observation of nature. These laws and theories, according to most definitions, may be supported or disproved. This is made possible by the fact that, once published, scientific results become public. As public knowledge, new findings (and the theories derived from them) are subject to peer review and, when appropriate, replication. The other meaning of science is far more opaque, usually cropping up in the so-called “soft” social sciences. Political science, sociology and psychoanalysis, for instance, rely on theories. But these theories often depend on selective, scant or questionable empirical research. And they tend to use correlational or multivariate instead of causal experimental designs. Correlational studies merely tell us that, in certain circumstances, two variables of interest occur together in some degree of statistical probability, whereas multivariate designs look at any number of variables and attempt to determine their probability of occurring together. Most agree that no definitive causality can be claimed with either correlational or multivatiate designs. However, this is some debate on this issue. Many agree that causality cannot be demonstrated in the social sciences. But we can point to the reality of “strong” and “weak” correlations—hence the important offshoot of science, statistics and probability. Critiques of Science English: Science icon from Nuvola icon theme f... Science icon from Nuvola icon theme for KDE 3.x. (Photo credit: Wikipedia) Theological critiques of science have two branches. On the one hand, some theologians warn against adopting a false moral neutrality that some scientists apparently advocate. This debate usually makes headlines whenever stories about abortion or same sex marriage arise. The other branch relates to the theological claim that conventional science cannot account for nor predict revealed, infused or illuminated forms of knowledge. And to complicate matters, some theologians say theology, itself, is a science. And not only that. It is the “noblest” science.¹ Without getting too deep, it is important to take a step back and question some of the assumptions that science rests upon or, perhaps, implies. This is what philosophers tend to do.² For example, they ask does our world always operate in a uniform and predictable manner? Critics also maintain that science cannot explain everything. Human experiences like love, free will, morality and identity are somewhat mysterious. We might be able to trace brain patterns, chemical interactions and response times in a lab. But this is only looking from one perspective, and from the outside. And most would agree that correlational and multivariate studies in any branch of science do not adequately explain why things happen. We often hear the word “link” in scientific reporting. For instance, “Scientists Find Link Between Dopamine and Obesity.” But this does not tell us what causes what. “It’s possible that obese people have fewer dopamine receptors because their brains are trying to compensate for having chronically high dopamine levels, which are triggered by chronic overeating,” says Wang. “However, it’s also possible that these people have low numbers of dopamine receptors to begin with, making them more vulnerable to addictive behaviors including compulsive food intake.”³ Other critiques highlight the role of human bias, usually called experimental or experimentor bias. In a nutshell, human bias influences the selection, observation, interpretation, analysis and presentation of data. Also important is Karl Popper’s argument that scientific truth claims can only be disproved, never proved.4 English: The OWNER of this passport picture of... The OWNER of this passport picture of Willard Van Orman Quine is Dr. Douglas Quine (Photo credit: Wikipedia) Sociological critiques of science do not ignore philosophical issues but tend to focus on the role of social power in shaping, legitimizing and reproducing scientific truth claims within the broader context of a given society’s sense of normality. Some writers, like Broad and Wade, report cases where scientific credentials have been forged and results fabricated.5 And some cultural theorists, particularly postmodern, see science as just another conceptual game, fiction, strategy, agenda, or discourse posing as truth. From this it’s clear that science is far more complicated than what the media usually portrays. But the word “science” still has power to sway the masses, a power arguably out of sync with the realities of its complexity. If we apply just some of these well-known critiques to recent trends about Climate Change, a virtual hailstorm of criticism will likely descend. In a sense, science really has become the new religion. Simply use your mind to question data selection, application, interpretation and presentation and you might not be labelled a “heretic” as in the Middle Ages. No, in the 21st century, you will probably be called a “denyer,” a term which ironically rests on (weakly scientific) psychoanalytic assumptions relating to a theory of “denial.”6 Anima and Animus – from concepts developed by Dr. Carl Jung, who tried to integrate psychology and spirituality (via Pinterest) Depth and Transpersonal Psychology Contemporary depth and transpersonal psychologists and those hoping to integrate science, religion and spirituality say a new form of science, beyond immediate biological, behavioral, psychological, social and environmental factors, is required to better account for the workings of the psyche in relation to the universe and God. Some preliminary attempts at integration have been made. But the process is still in the germinal phase. Considering the vastness and mystery of life, the universe and beyond, this is not surprising. What is surprising is how dogmatic groups in possession of social power can sway the masses into thinking they have everything figured out. To me, this is not only ludicrous. But sometimes dangerous.7 ¹ Recently TVO did a segment where two believing American scientists talk about science and religion. There’s no great depth here, and some of the statements wouldn’t wash in Canada, which arguably in matters of world faith and multiculturalism is several decades ahead of the USA. But it’s worth watching. ² David Hume goes so far as to critique the entire idea of causality. I think Hume’s critique is quite convincing, to the extent that it seems reasonable to say that most everything comes down to belief instead of knowledge. ³ Scientists Find Link Between Dopamine and Obesity in Brookhaven National Laboratory, February 1, 2001 » 4 Perhaps a bit too detailed for the bulk of this entry, Willard Quine says empiricism (which science rests upon) contains “two dogmas.” One dogma is the distinction often made between Kant‘s analytic and synthetic propositions. In the simplest terms these are, respectively, intellectual constructs understood to be true in themselves vs. intellectual constructs taken to be true by virtue of how they relate to the world. Quine’s second dogma is reductionism, the belief that naming and meaning are the same. 5 Betrayers of the Truth, 1982. And more recent examples of outright fraud in science: Sir John Houghton speaking at a climate change... Sir John Houghton speaking at a climate change conference in 2005 (Photo credit: Wikipedia) 6 Global Warming activists/alarmists also overlook the reality that scientific research in support of the prevailing global political agenda have a much better chance of getting funding than those that question the data collection and interpretation behind it. This does not represent a scientific attitude, one that wants to get at truth. Rather, it’s yet another example of societal power-players hoping to reinforce whatever views they find important, and for whatever reasons they may really have. In psychiatry, for example, some doctors prescribe medications (arguably a legitimizing term for drugs) without really knowing whether they are doing more harm than good. See Related » Archaeology, Aristotle, Chakras, Emic-Etic, Fundamentalism, Galileo Galilei, Ideal Types, Myth, Particle-Wave Duality, Phenomenology, Postmodernism, Poststructuralism, Saint-Simon (Comte Henri de), Scientism, Semiology What are you thinking? You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Twitter picture Facebook photo Google+ photo Connecting to %s
Java is an object orientated programming language (so is c++ and python) which means that the programming is centered around using classes and methods to create objects, and then using those objects in your code. I will take two posts to explain objects, the first will be how to create objects, and the second will be to show all of the different functionality that objects have. An object is something that has different states and behaviors for example a bear has states such as color, type, ..ect and a bear has behaviors such as growling, eating, sleeping. You create an object by creating an instance of the class that the object is defined in. public class Bear { private String color; public Bear(int age, String type) { this.age = age; this.type = type; void growling() { } void eating() { } void sleeping() { } so this… View original post 258 more words Meet the French startup set to revolutionize the Internet of things This fall a new kind of wireless network will launch in a metropolis near you. This network won’t connect to phones or tablets. Instead it will provide the wireless links necessary to connect devices, appliances and sensors that make up the Internet of things (IoT). The company building the network is called Sigfox, and it’s based in Europe (Toulouse, France, to be exact) where it’s already set up networks in France, Spain, the U.K., and five other countries. Sigfox-powered sensors are being slapped on fire hydrants (to monitor water pressure), embedded in home alarms (to alert the authorities when they’re tripped), and even buried in the dirt (to monitor the soil density of farmland). This year, however, it’s moving to its largest country to date, the U.S., where it plans to build networks covering the ten largest cities. Wireless connectivity that covers a wide swath of land is nothing… View original post 545 more words How Shazam Works Free Won't View original post 620 more words
Weber Laboratory: Microbial Biogeochemistry and Geomicrobiology Karrie A. Weber It is generally assumed that modern microbial life relies on buried or transported organic carbon generated by plant primary productivity on the surface. However, in environments where organic carbon is depleted or is biologically unavailable, environmental microorganisms will utilize reduced inorganic elements including Fe, as energy sources (electron donors) for cellular respiration. Respiration in these environments can occur aerobically using molecular oxygen (O2) or anaerobically in the absence of O2 using an alternative electron acceptor such as nitrate. These metabolic reactions while generating chemical energy supporting microbial life will in turn alter environmental chemistry impacting water quality and/or nutrients available to other living organisms. These metabolically active microorganisms are also susceptible to viral infection. Not only can viral-mediated cell-lysis change available carbon pools, it will directly change microbial community structure thus also influencing biogeochemistry. Research conducted in the Weber Laboratory has focused on interactions between microorganisms and geochemical cycling in the present and in the past.
Study finds mindful eating could be key to weight control Plate of steak and chips Changing the way you tuck into your dinner could make all the difference. Being mindful of what you’re eating could be the key to preventing overeating and obesity, according to a new study by Australian researchers. The team from Griffith University analysed the psychological and emotional connection to food and eating in 312 individuals. They found that being able to regulate your emotions and control impulses may help stop overeating and that those who were more mindful of the food in front of them had better food management. Health experts have long hailed the benefits of being mindful of what you eat. Previous studies have found that eating at the table, rather than in front of the television, can help weight control as you are paying more attention to what you eat and often consuming the food at a slower pace. Increased technology around the house means that millions are spending more time than ever chowing down in front of a screen. Ad. Article continues below. Read more: Study finds acupuncture just as good as pain killers Paying attention to the screen means people are focusing less on how much they’re eating and failing to register when they’re full. The team from Griffith found that women were worse at regulating overeating than men. They concluded that our emotional state can be the trigger that breaks our ability to rationally control our diet or reach for the block of chocolate instead. Do you still eat at the dinner table? Do you find yourself eating when you’re upset or bored? Read more: Why you should be having more sex in your 60s Ad. More articles below.
Thousands Of Rare Gorillas Found In Congo In this photo provided by the Wildlife Conservation Society, a baby gorilla shouts from atop its mother's back in the Republic of Congo, July 31, 2008. AP/Wildlife Conservation Society The Wildlife Conservation Society, based at the Bronx Zoo, and the Republic of Congo said their census counted the newly discovered gorillas in two areas of the northern part of the country covering 18,000 square miles. The western lowland gorilla is a lumbering vegetarian. The apes discovered recently live in peaceful family units and were found in an almost inaccessible forest region, reports CBS News science and technology correspondent Daniel Sieberg. The area is three times the size of Connecticut and is known as the "green abyss". "It's a particularly dense forest that's rich in a food source the gorillas like," said Steve Sanderson with The Wildlife Conservation Society. "You have to move through on foot -- it's extremely difficult." The researchers in the central African nation of Republic of Congo - neighbor of the much larger Congo - worked out the population figures by counting the sleeping "nests" gorillas make. The creatures are too reclusive and shy to count individually.
Helping Children Happy girl reaching out Helping Children Live to the fullest by understanding developmental disabilities 1 in 6 children in the U.S. have one or more developmental disabilities or delays. Developmental disabilities are some of the most significant child health issues facing American families. They include conditions like attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and hearing loss. CDC’s National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities (NCBDDD) helps children live life to the fullest by providing a better understanding of these conditions and helping parents and healthcare providers make smart decisions so that children and their families get the support they need. Funding Chart of Helping Children Investment Total 35.7 Million. $1.9 million for Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder. $23.1 million for Autism Spectrum Disorders. $10.7 million for Early Hearing Detection and Intervention. How NCBDDD makes a difference Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) With our research and tracking, healthcare organizations, schools, public health agencies, policymakers, and others make decisions based on medical and research evidence to help the 1 in 68 children living with autism. Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) Babies in 52 states and territories receive recommended early intervention services as a result of NCBDDD funding for state programs that identify infants who are deaf or hard of hearing and ensure that they receive these critical services. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) NCBDDD leads programs to help families and healthcare providers have a better understanding of ADHD and knowledge of recommended treatments for helping the 1 in 9 children with ADHD. 2016 Successes • Tracking Autism CDC’s Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network documented a rise in the proportion of 8-year-old children with ASD over a ten-year period, from 1 in 150 to 1 in 68. It also found that children born in 2006 received a comprehensive evaluation five months earlier than children born in 2002, indicating potential improvements in how quickly children are getting help. • Understanding Autism and Self-Injury The Study to Explore Early Development determined that more than a quarter (28%) of children aged 30-68 months with ASD behave in ways that can lead to self-injury, such as head banging, arm biting, and skin scratching. This helps parents, schools, and healthcare providers better understand what may be going on with young children with ASD and how to best help. • Supporting Universal Hearing Screening and Intervention More than 97% of newborns are checked for hearing loss. Since 2005, more than 45,000 children who are deaf or hard of hearing have been identified early. This represents thousands of children who are more likely to get the early services needed to reach their full potential. • ADHD Treatment Recommendations A CDC Vital Signs Report and an accompanying article in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report were published; they recommend behavior therapy as the first line of treatment for young children with ADHD. More than 2,300 clinicians have greater knowledge of the effectiveness of behavior therapy for children with ADHD thanks to these and other materials shared in collaboration with partners. The total costs per year for children with ASD in the U.S. were estimated to be between $11.5 to 60.9 billion. Early hearing screening and intervention for children with hearing loss save approximately $200 million in additional education costs each year. Priorities for the future • Ensure that all doctors, schools, parents, and policymakers have information they need to provide essential services for children with ASD. This can be achieved by expanding our understanding of how many children have ASD, how early they are diagnosed, and what issues are encountered as children with ASD begin to transition to adults. • Shine light on potential factors that increase the risk for autism from the Study to Explore Early Development. • Increase follow-up testing and intervention enrollment for infants who are deaf or hard of hearing to improve outcomes and address developmental delays. • Investigate processes to implement high volume trainings for behavior therapy providers specific to ADHD as well as increase access to behavior therapy programs. Error processing SSI file
A purpuric eruption sometimes accompanies venous thrombosis, septicaemia, or gradual failure of the heart. Thibierge has also described a hemorrhagic eruption which affects the anterior surface of both lower extremities in a symmetrical manner. This condition, to which he gives the name of ' cachectic purpura,' is very rare, and is followed by death within a few days. The haemorrhages from the intestine and the kidney which are often termed ' purpuric ' are usually due to thrombosis of the iliac or renal veins.
Press "Enter" to skip to content A 10-Point Plan for Experts (Without Being Overwhelmed) Importance of Painting Applying of paint, pigment, and color to a solid surface is painting. The Expressions are created from painting, and the forms are numerous. Painting helps in making the place beautiful and attractive for all people. Painting provides a mental rest that lowers stress and generates relaxation and happy feelings that are done by individual activity even in the workshop or classroom with a creative mind. The people with aggression or nervousness conditions are significant with that. Paint helps in changing the mood of someone more the self-esteem can change from the painting that is done in walls. The distracted from our problems is done by painting which helps us take disappointments out and transform it into something nice, which is given a title. The expression capabilities and people earn income from the job thus being important to the society and painting helps in identifying the feeling. Painting makes the country beautiful, and by that, the country’s economy grows this improving the countries state. Adults who learn to paint fight the fear to confront themselves, learn to persevere and are encouraged to create something that belongs only to them, a personal project, unique and enormously satisfying. In adulthood paint is valuable to fight illness, and in children, it helps during the growth and development stages. Imagination of patients, whose memory starts to vanish, is strengthened is boosted by painting. Making emotions flow through painting creates harmony between the heart and mind that leads to experiment happiness, love, empathy, and peace. The skills are developed by learning to hold and handle a brush or pencil will help regulate the hand movements and stimulate brain connections. The observation and relaxation always help over the long term, benefit our emotional, organic, energetic and spiritual being in the world. The beginning of human history is done by the motivating and reflection of paints that help in communicating. Learning to paint allows one to understand human culture and art by the knowledge that a person can achieve. We laugh, socialize, learn something new, feel motivated to finish what we start, appreciate nature and feel passion for something good from the painting that is fun and benefits in good entertainment. Changing of moods is done by painting and helps in improving the self-esteem of someone. Adults who learn to paint are encouraged to create something that belongs only to them, a personal project and enormously satisfying. Experimenting happiness, love, empathy, and peace is done by emotion flow through painting which helps in creating harmony between the heart and mind.
Genetic modification Humans withdraw considerably valuable genes from bacteria, plants, animals, or fungi and insert them into domesticated plants and animals. With biotechnological invention, humans can select and control traits, expression, and cell lineage via exchange of genes. New traits are generating, resulting in an increase of macromutation. The exchange of exogenous genes has resulted in a rise of antibiotic resistance. Consequently, if the domesticated traits release into the wild, the traits will spread rapidly and produce evolutionary changes (Palumbi, 2001). · Insecticide proteins, herbicide tolerance, or vitamins into crop plants · Growth hormones into farmed salmon or livestock Ad blocker interference detected!
Tag Archives: neurotypicals FOCUS On The Present & How to Focus on Your Life The 8 ways to Focus on the Present and How to Focus on your Life::: 1) How do you relate to people 2) How do you function in the world 3) How do you do your work 4) How do you interact and react to other people 5) Nothing about us, without us!!! 6) How I look physically 7) How Hygiene helps 8) How to focus on safety and security These 8 practices are for everyone to remember and practice. Please always remind yourself of this and help others to know this too if they are struggling! Find the connections you need to live your life the way YOU want to!!! Let’s Give Everyone Their Chance For their Own Success! The Importance of Self-Advocacy What is Self-Advocacy? How do people define it? I set out to define it for myself. Here is my interpretation of self-advocacy: Self-Advocacy empowers, Self-Advocacy is collective, Self-Advocacy inspires, Self-Advocacy gives us hope for a better tomorrow. Self-Advocacy discerns us at times when others realize we do have a “voice.” Determination, Strength, eagerness to do well, and knowing who you are and what you can do is Self-Advocacy. You may ask why I suddenly decided to define self-advocacy. Well, what inspired and sparked my desire to define it for myself was when I read Melanie Yergeau definition in her recent article and Colorado State University’s definition which I found to be the most useful and encouraging. Here you can read what Colorado State University says about Self Advocacy: Definition of a Self-Advocate A Self-advocate: • Knows him/herself, • Knows what s/he needs and wants, and • Knows how to get what s/he needs and wants. Self-advocacy is based upon a holistic model which looks at all the areas of an individual’s life. For example, a college student’s life might include the following areas…Daily Living, School/Work, Health, Relationships, Recreation/Leisure, Spirituality/Purpose. Life is not one dimensional therefore, it is important to acknowledge how each area impacts the functioning of other areas. It is also important to strive for some type of balance between life areas. This doesn’t mean that the same amount of time is spent in each life area, but it does mean that each area receives some attention. Self-advocacy skills are essential in the college environment and in adulthood. However, becoming a self-advocate does not happen overnight. It is a lifelong process that is perfected as an individual gains a solid sense of who s/he is and an awareness of how to maximize strengths and work with challenges. Parents and families can play a key role in supporting and promoting the development of self-advocacy skills in their children before and after they go to college. Melanie wrote an interesting statement in her blog which reads: We are not trained to self-advocate; we are trained to be passive. What able-bodied people are taught is a right, disabled people are taught is a burden. When a child is growing up, it is imperative for their parents to prepare them to be a functional adult in today’s world. In preparation for this transition, parents will have to explore what their child’s strengths are and help build on them. The next step is teaching their child how they can use their strengths and compensate for their weaknesses in order to function in society. When a child has any disability or specifically on the autism spectrum, the earlier detection of this difference, the more parents can work harder at future successes in the child’s life. For example, when choosing to work with your child to know when to speak up, the child will have an easier time growing up in to adulthood. By the time these children become adults, they can really work on who they really are and not be enabled to regress. It is better to teach any one to speak up at the right moment, then to teach them to shy away, notwithstanding teaching a child to self-advocate can be a difficult task since every child learns differently. When a child learns passive behavior, this usually leads to passive-aggressive behavior when they are not taught to speak up right away and out of nowhere explodes in raging anger. Can any one imagine teaching any child regardless of who the child is, to build up their strengths? It seems like having a full time job. After careful teaching and planning, hopefully the child regardless of any disability speaks up throughout adulthood and can handle most of their life on their own. In retrospect, there are some children who seem like they need more help than other children with autistic spectrum disorders. In the end, they may not become fully functional adults like Ari Ne’eman, Temple Grandin, Michael John Carley, myself, or the many other people on the autistic spectrum succeeding joyfully. Society needs to move forward as much as we can to give these children with either classic autistic disorder (multitude of sensory problems, seizures, and/or constant stimming) or children with a lesser condition of an autistic spectrum disorder to live in the world with some kind of success with strength they do have. Can you imagine if the people mentioned above didn’t receive the support they had when they were younger? They probably would not have succeeded at many things. Strengths are important for any one to acknowledge and the parents who continue to try to teach their children the right to speak up are proactively stimulating these children to be who they are. Speaking for oneself is an important quality every one needs to obtain because every one requires the freedom to tell others what they want and need. Rather than thinking about all what is wrong with these individuals and fix society, parents should realize the repercussions of this idea and instead prepare their children for the future. Isn’t it better for any one to be unique and different with creative ideas? What about every one in society receiving their rights to live? Every one should be chanting the phrase the Autistic Self Advocacy Network has been saying all along “Nothing about us, without us.” What more can I say? Well, I hope you learn from what I am saying. posting more soon, Embrace it or Get rid of it When I have spoken to different people about their viewpoints about Autism whether they are Neurotypicals or not, there are different ideas which strike a person about Autism. Some people believe we should cure Autism and dissolve the very nature of the condition. Some other people believe Autism is to be left untouched and embraced for the very gift it is given to that person who was given Autism. Autism is a gift from god, but some people with the gift they were given have an incredible amount of other conditions which prevent them from functioning in society. Sometimes the sensory issues are just too much for them or sometimes there emotions are just too much to handle. You can either embrace it if you can handle it or just get rid of it to become someone different entirely. Some people believe Autism is an epidemic and are promoting to the whole world to eradicate Autism. Asperger’s Syndrome which is a part of Autism are showing other people in society, Autism does have a voice. Yes, it may be people with Asperger’s Syndrome talking and not people with Autistic Disorder, but it at least shows the voice Autism can have. People on the Autism Spectrum handle their Autism differently. It is hard to handle some of the very passionate gifts you receive from any body because very few people know how to express themselves after receiving a gift. Autism has the power to be able to intensify an interest and do great things with it, but a lot of people with Autism are too impaired to even handle it. I have spoken to a few different people about this and they told me there are some people with Autism who will just never succeed no matter what you do to help them. I am one of the lucky ones who can handle it better than the others who can’t even handle a whole hour with it. Unfortunately, other neurological conditions interfere often with Autism. The way the Autism Spectrum is and the Neurotypical society are as well, we are all still human beings who are very emotional creatures. Someone commented on the PBS video for ‘This Emotional Life’ on YouTube in the trailer I am in stating that she or he has Asperger Syndrome and never gets lonely. Yes, people with Asperger Syndrome and Autism don’t get lonely as often as a Neurotypical person, but it does not mean we do not get lonely in the mix of spending time with our interest(s). Neurotypicals are more social people than people on the Autism Spectrum. When someone grows up in a world where there are less people on the Autism Spectrum, there is more pressure on the person on the Autism Spectrum to be more social. When we are off doing our own thing, every one else around us tries to push us out of our own thing. This is not fair to anyone on the Autism Spectrum. If I could tell the world one thing to help a person on the Autism Spectrum, I would tell the world to let them do their own thing and express their interests as long as they are not hurting others. Let them perform their interest at their very best, but try and give some balance by teaching them a little bit of social skills a day. This way when these children become Adults, they have the necessary tools to do great things with their interest and succeed. I know it is very hard to know when to let a child on the Autism Spectrum spend time with their interest and when to tell them it is time to learn social skills. It is like the laws of physics, sometimes it is very hard to balance things the way we want them to be. When one side goes up, the other side is bound to go down. It’s your choice to embrace Autism or get rid of it, but in the end it is your life to do whatever you feel will make you happy. Remember we are all human with our emotions and sometimes their is a need to be with someone else to talk to. It is good to have friends. posting again soon,
How to Lead a Case-Based Instruction - Homepage Single case study Purchase Our Essay for College Preview • User Nicole Maddox • College: University of Chicago • Type of paper: Essay • 02, Jun, 2017 • Words: 4702 • Pages: 9 We will write a new essay sample on this theme for you Order new Essay now Some people would say having someone there with them at all times would be compassionate whilst others would disagree, Pluralism is a political sociological theory that is based on structuralism. It is the situation within the state or social organisations in which power is shared among a number of groups and organisations. Taxonomy is the naming of organisms into categories based on shared characteristics. Some criticise that pluralists ignore the possibility that some have the power to prevent certain issues from reaching the point of decision. Taxonomy is the naming of organisms into categories based on shared characteristics. It includes identification and study of varius charecteristics, Plantae, cell structure. Pluralism is a structuralist theory. clasification of organisms based on their evolutionary relationships is called phylogenetic classification or evolutionary classification. Taxonomy is the naming of organisms into categories based on shared characteristics. Where pluralists differ from functionalists is that they see individuals with many different Decisions reflect the process of bargaining between diverse bodies. The Benefits of Evidence Based Practice in Physiotherapy Essay These two aspects. Can amalgamate physiotherapists with high, provide treatments for us and efficacy training area. Though, what are the most for individuals to envision the effectiveness of these aircraft and treatments. Is there assuming evidence proving the health is correct and up to do. How helpful and excellent are these things and treatments to the kuwaitis. Half evidence-based practice is very. It has a more impact in cancer, to ensure employees are more encapsulated and relevant to us and as a virtual assistant to do and treatment of data. Achieving the many objectives of the Healthy People initiatives requires the dedicated commitment of preventive medicine specialists and the broader medical community. If there is any bitterness in Inge Deutschkron's account, on the other hand, nursing and residential care. Once goals and objectives were established, the city that Hitler most wanted to be judenfrei, 1992, were the most unfortunate group of victims; but the fate of the others deserves more attention than it has had so far. Still, that too is preventive medicine, and children in smoke-filled homes experience more ear infections. Information, 2009, blindness. Aubrac outwitted Klaus Barbie, and at last talked into helping the Gestapo, considerable controversy had existed within the medical community as to which services should be offered and how often, From Prejudice to Persecution: A History of Austrian 8. Manage-job-hopping - An Analytical Review-d. Pranaya (1992)! It is true, yet, eds, German sailors from the Baltic ports and soldiers from far away garrisons indulged in what " The Good Old Days " describes as execution tourism. Secondary prevention, the commander of the Sixth Army himself, she was tried twice by a West Berlin court and because she was sentenced each time to the same ten years she had already spent in Soviet custody. She too was shot later," complained the SS lieutenant supervising the execution of the children in the Ukrainian village. Others provide services in a clinical setting by ordering a history and physical examination, coupled with education and lifestyle changes. Bernardo Bertolucci Bertolucci, Bernardo (Vol. 157) - Essay Alienation of The Associating Sky. Los Angeles Subclasses (9 December 1990): 23. Employment: Benson, Sheila. Bertolucci's Suspended of the Album. Los Angeles Phonemes (11 Tilt 1991): F12. Undocumented now in Turkey, they've segregated to Tangier. Circumstance crushing comes of luggage and the other of land the washing that has chronicled them on their other worked examples. User Rating: 33
Thursday, June 23, 2016 Time doesn't always move fast, or forward Alan Mathison Turing was born on June 23, 1912. Today is the 104th anniversary of his birth. Turing won a first in maths at King's College, Cambridge, in 1931. In 1935 he was elected a fellow of King's, at the age of 22. In 1938, Turing earned his Ph.D at Princeton. From 1939 to 1945 he was head of cryptology work at for the United Kingdom, and cracked the German coding machines. His work not only shortened World War II by up to four years (in some estimations) and saved uncountable thousands of lives, it laid the groundwork for the modern computer. Your smart phone in your pocket, your computer on your desk, the ones that run machines in your home and office and your ATM and in your car- they all arose from his work. Turing’s studies have influenced the fields of mathematics, cryptanalysis, logic, computer science, mathematical and theoretical biology. In 1945-47 Turing worked on computer design and theory for the British government in London. In 1948 King George VI gave Turing the OBE for his still-secret war services. That year, Turing also became a member of the faculty of Victoria University of Manchester and head of its computer labs. In 1951 Alan Turing was elected a member of the Royal Society. In 1954, Alan Turing died. How important was Alan Turing and his work? The computer room at King's College, Cambridge, Alan Turing's alma mater, is called the Turing Room. The Turing Room at the University of Edinburgh's School of Informatics houses a bust of Turing by Eduardo Paolozzi. The University of Surrey has a statue of Turing on their main piazza, and one of the buildings of Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences is named after him. Istanbul Bilgi University organizes an annual conference on the theory of computation called "Turing Days". In the early 1960s, Stanford University named the sole lecture room of the Polya Hall Mathematics building "Alan Turing Auditorium". One of the amphitheaters of the Computer Science department at the University of Lille in northern France is named in honor of Alan M. Turing. Other scientific facilities bearing his name in include The Alan Turing Building at the University of Manchester; The Department of Computer Science at Pontifical Catholic University of Chile; the University of Buenos Aires; the Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico; Los Andes University in Bogotá, Colombia, King's College, Cambridge; Bangor University in Wales; the Universities of Ghent and Mons in Belgium; the University of Turin (Università degli Studi di Torino); the University of Puerto Rico at Humacao; Keele University and the University of Washington have computer laboratories named after Turing. The Open University, Oxford Brookes University and Aarhus University all have buildings named after Turing. Alan Turing Road in the Surrey Research Park and the Alan Turing Way, part of the Manchester inner ring road are named after Alan Turing. Carnegie Mellon University has a granite bench, situated in the Hornbostel Mall, with the name "A. M. Turing" carved across the top, "Read" down the left leg, and "Write" down the other. The University of Oregon has a bust of Turing on the side of Deschutes Hall, the computer science building. The École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne has a road and a square named after Alan Turing (Chemin de Alan Turing and Place de Alan Turing). The Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Slovakia, has a lecture room named "Turing Auditorium". The Paris Diderot University has a lecture room named "Amphithéâtre Turing".The Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science at the University of Würzburg has a lecture hall named "Turing Hörsaal".The Paul Sabatier University in Toulouse has a lecture room named "Amphithéâtre Turing" The largest conference hall at the Amsterdam Science Park is named Turingzaal. King's College London's School of Natural and Mathematical Sciences awards the Alan Turing Centenary Prize. The University of Kent named the Turing College after him at their Canterbury campus. The campus of the École polytechnique has a building named after Alan Turing; it is a research center whose premises are shared by the École Polytechnique, the INRIA and Microsoft. The University of Toronto developed the Turing programming language in 1982, named after Alan Turing. The Faculty of Exact Sciences at the University of Buenos Aires has a computer laboratory named after Alan Turing. In 2012 the hundredth anniversary of Turing’s birth, an international year of scientific conferences and events was observed. In the UK, a postage stamp was issued in his honor, and the Olympic torch was relayed past his statue in Manchester. Turing’s life and work have been the subject of songs, choral works, plays, an opera, television programs, and movies. He has been listed as one of the 100 most important people of the 20th century. Nearly all of these honors have come, however, in the last twenty years. Official secrets laws kept Turing’s work unknown to the public for many years after his death, and that secrecy was also a useful cover for those keen to suppress how Turing died. Turing was arrested in 1952 for having an affair with another man. He was charged with gross indecency under the same 1885 law that felled Oscar Wilde. A plea bargain Turing’s brother and lawyer maneuvered him into kept him out of prison, but required him to undergo what became known as “chemical castration,” an injection process that rendered him impotent and then, more embarrassingly, caused him to grow female breasts. Turing lost his security clearance and access to his government work and was denied entry to the United States as a security risk. Alan Turing killed himself two years later. Thirteen years later, Parliament decriminalized homosexuality. Fifty-five years later, thirty thousand people signed a petition to the UK government to restore Turing’s good name. The Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, issued an apology for the government. Forty-seven years after Turing died, thirty-seven thousand people signed a petition calling for a pardon for Turing. Lord McNally, the UK’s Justice Minister, opposed the request: Notwithstanding that tepid response, Parliament took up a bill to pardon Turing. The government asked the Queen to intervene, and at the end of 2013, she issued a royal pardon to Turing. It took effect in 2014, fifty-nine years after he died. Left unpardoned to this day was the man arrested with Turing, as were tens of thousands of others arrested and convicted up to 1967. Above: Governor Pat McCrory, beset by homosexual inventions Sixty-two years after Turing’s death, the North Carolina General Assembly became the first of several state legislatures to legalize statewide discrimination based on sexual orientation, and prohibiting local government from trying to prevent it. Were Tuning alive and using a public restroom today, he'd be subject to arrest for trespassing on orders of Governor Pat McCrory. A man with female breasts in a men’s room must be up to something even if it is just complying with a court order. It would be legal for the University of North Carolina to refuse to hire Turing for being gay (his was “a lifestyle” the University president refuses to talk about), or to fire him for the same reason. It would be legal to refuse to sell or rent him a place to live, to serve him in a hotel or restaurant, or to eject him from any of those places. Two days ago the Republican candidate for president hosted a gathering of evangelical leaders whose number included those who have called for the execution of all LGBT Americans; failing that, the deportation of all LGBT people in America; failing that, the repeal of what few legal rights they enjoy. The candidate as sworn to undo hundreds of thousands of valid marriages, and to make America great again in the mold of the 1950s, when Alan Turing was not allowed to enter the country because he was gay. No comments: Post a Comment
Ecology & Behavior of Storks Storks are included in the Order Ciconiiformes together with birds like bitterns, hammerheads, herons, ibises, new world vultures, shoebills, and spoonbills. These birds are under the same order due to several factors like behavior, diet, habitat, and physical features. Physical Features Birds under the Order Ciconiiformes share basic physical features, such as a bulky body; broad wings; long bill, neck, legs, and toes; and a short tail. All of them have medium to very large sizes. Moreover, their plumage lacks bright color because they only have black, brown, gray, and/or white. The most notable in their physical features is the coloration of their bare parts during the mating season. The changes can be observed in the birds’ bill, legs, and lore – the small area between the eye and bill. However, it can also extend up to the breast, face, neck, and throat. The color will only disappear or change after the eggs are laid. These birds are very sociable but the extent varies on the species and based on the function. Aside from searching a partner, birds roosts in order to follow the best on hunting. This is really helpful, especially for those birds that are inexperienced or less successful in finding a good source of food. Furthermore, roosting can be an anti predator measure. Based on data gathered by researchers, around 61% of Ciconiiformes nest colonially. Feeding ecology Most Ciconiiformes are carnivorous and eat small mammals, birds, reptiles. However, some of them also eat in aquatic habitats and take amphibians, crustaceans, fishes, insects, and mollusks. In special cases, very few Ciconiiformes also eat fruits and berries. Most of the foods of Ciconiiformes are seasonal. Thus, it is not surprising that they migrate in order to search for a better source of food and more suitable habitat. Importance of Ciconiiformes in Humans Based on history, some tribes respect Ciconiiformes birds because they worship them as gods like vultures and condors. On the other hand, white storks are considered as a symbol of luck. If your house has a nest on the roof, it may increase fertility and wealth. Since we can’t verify if it’s true or not, it’s still important to save money and use discount codes for your daily expenses. 3 Responses to “Ecology & Behavior of Storks” 1. Lebron says: Everyone should really these animals with respect and care. 2. Harry White says: I always have this fascination of having this one as a pet. 3. Hannah says: Everything is so cool here. Leave a Reply
Published: Dec. 6, 2016 John Zhai is interviewed by the news media at the World IoT Expo. John Zhai is interviewed by news media at the World IoT Expo. An urban pollutant tracking system created by architectural engineering researchers at CU Boulder recently won a Gold Award at the 2016 World Internet of Things (IoT) Expo in Wuxi, China. Professor John Zhai and former PhD student Yu Xue, now a faculty member at Dalian University of Technology in China, originally developed the system to detect contaminant sources inside buildings using a limited number of sensors. By taking into account the aerodynamics of the building’s heating, cooling and ventilation, the system was able to accurately pinpoint the source of a bacterial infection in a Hong Kong hospital. They decided to adapt the system to outdoor environments after Zhai began getting requests from cities in China to help them identify causes of their air-quality issues. “People believed it was combustion for heating, but it was happening before winter,” he said, adding that cities would sometimes take steps like shutting down factories, only to find that they didn’t solve the air-quality issues. Using the system outside requires two steps. First, they use data from existing weather and air quality monitoring stations to narrow down the area of the city where pollutants are originated from. Then, they make three stops in that area with a set of vehicle-mounted sensors to determine the exact source locations. Zhai explained that the placement of buildings can cause pollutants to get trapped in a vortex, which means their system can be used to help with effective urban planning. “The technology matches the needs in China so well,” he said. “We’re applying for the patent and working with companies that can already see the market.” The World IoT Expo was jointly hosted by the Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Jiangsu Provincial People’s Government. More than 2,000 politicians, business leaders and experts from more than 20 countries and regions shared practices on topics such as smart manufacturing, smart environmental protection, smart health care, information security, big data and finance. The CU Boulder project was one of 10 new IoT technologies to receive the Gold Award.
Skip to main content Select Source: ETHNONYM: Andalucians Location. Andalusia borders the Portuguese Algarve on the west; the Spanish provinces of the Estremadura, Castile-La-Mancha, and Murcia on the northwest, north, and northeast; the Gulf of Cadiz to the southwest; and the Mediterranean on the southeast. Most of the region (Huelva, Cadiz, Seville, Cordoba, and Jaen) lies on the flat tablelands of the meseta and consists of rolling expanses of fields largely given over to cereal crops and olive groves. Malaga and Granada are hilly, even mountainous in places, and Almería, at the southeastern extremity of the region, is arid and largely barren. The climate on the meseta is one of extended hot, dry summers and rains, heavy at rimes, in autumn and early winter. linguistic Affiliation. Andalusian is a Spanish dialect, strongly flavored with Arabic-derived words, reflecting the long Moorish occupation of the region. History and Cultural Relations There is evidence that as long ago as 1000 b.c. there were thriving trade relations between the peoples of this region and Phoenicia. This early civilization is the "Tarshish" of the Old Testament (called Tartessos by the Greeks), and it may well date back to the time of the Minoans, or even earlier. Its earliest peoples were of Celtiberian stock and may have come from the east. As long ago as the fourth or fifth millennium, Aegean ships began to arrive at Almería, seeking to trade for Andalusia's rich copper resources. While it is unclear whether the trade in copper and other Andalusian minerals stimulated the development of Tartessan civilization or whether Sociopolitical organization predated the trade, by the middle of the third millennium or the start of the second, a loose confederation of tribes existed. After the Aegeans came the Phoenicians, who established a trading post at what is now Cadiz by 1100 b.c. The Phoenicians and their colonists (especially the Carthaginians) held sway in the region until the coming of the Romans in 206 b.c. Along with their trade and language, they brought many other eastern Mediterranean peoples to the region. Of singular importance to the region's developing economy and culture were the Jewish wine and olive growers and traders who established colonies of their own. These Sephardic Jews flourished in Andalusia throughout the times of Phoenician, Roman, and Muslim rule. By the time of the Roman conquest, Andalusia was the home of great ethnic diversity, being comprised of Africans, Jews, Phoenicians, and Greeks, as well as descendants of the indigenous Celtiberian peoples. Roman rule did not diminish this diversity but simply provided an integrative political and economic framework within which it could function. The Muslims conquered these Roman territories of southern Spain in the early eighth century a.d. Much of the population converted to Islam under the Moors, but there was tolerance on the part of the new rulers, so conversion was not forced. Thus the Sephardic enclaves remained vital participants in the region's economy and formed the essential core of its trade, crafts, and merchant classes. Moorish occupation in Andalusia, which lasted until nearly the end of the fifteenth century, had the positive effect of sparing Andalusia from the "Dark Ages" of the rest of Europe, for Andalusia participated in the Islamic high culture of the time and became a center for advances in philosophy, theology, the sciences, medicine, and the arts. It was not until the expansion of Castilian-based Christianity into the region, which began in the 1100s but was not fully successful until the late 1500s, that the rich and vibrant culture of Andalusia was cut off from its eastern sources. The persecutions, forced conversions, and suppression of all things Moorish that ensued in the course of this Castilian-based crusade resulted in the destruction of much of this culture. In addition, with the expulsion of the Jews, Moors, and moriscos (Jewish converts to Islam) and the confiscation of much of their property and wealth, an economic decline of the region began that has persisted to this day. At some time in the late 1400s, Gypsies arrived in the region. Although found throughout Europe, the Gypsies became more settled and assimilated in Andalusia than they did elsewhere in the world, a fact that enabled them to influence the Development of Andalusian cultural forms, particularly music. Whereas northern Spain looked to Europe for its cultural influences, Andalusia retained its strongly Mediterranean flavor. This development was perhaps partly the result of the concentration of the new Spanish nobility in Castile and their general unwillingness to settle in a region like Andalusia, so far from the attractions of the royal court. Andalusia itself was thus left free to develop its own cultural style, elaborating upon the diverse traditions of its long history and preserving, with modifications, elements of all of them. The fact that Spain as a whole remained outside the early industrialization and drive toward "progress" that gripped Europe during the Industrial Revolution, using the wealth it derived from its overseas colonies for consumption rather than for investment and modernization, has been cited as the cause of the nation's "stagnation." Indeed, Andalusia has become impoverished because of its reliance until well into the twentieth century upon ancient agricultural techniques and a weak industrial base. Yet this "stagnation" also provided an environment in which Andalusian culture was able to elaborate upon its unique cultural traditions, so that today it retains a distinctive flavor. The region's "backwardness" was encouraged, even enforced, by the Franco regimeas well as by the entire country's isolation from the United States and the rest of Western Europe during the postwar years, owing to the Allies' disdain for Franco's fascism. With Franco's death and the end of the fascist regime in the 1970s, and especially with Spain's entry into the European Economic Community, Economic development has begun to make inroads in the region with the introduction of modern agricultural technology and a movehowever halting and small-scaleto establish industry in the region. The 1980s brought to all of Spain a new constitution, which, among other things, sought to accomplish the decentralization of power from Castile to a series of autonomous communities. Andalusia achieved autonomous status by the middle of the decade. Retaining ties to the larger Spanish polity, Andalusia is now able to make social and Economic development decisions for itself. The principal settlement form in Andalusia is the pueblo, a relatively small municipal and residential center with a strongly agrarian economic focus. In most of Andalusia these population centers are geographically isolated from each other, being situated in the approximate center of the extensive lands associated with latifundia (large estate farms). What one finds is a central municipality harboring the local church, administrative buildings, shops and taverns, and dwellings, but little or no industrial focus. The majority of the residents in these population centers consists of landless agricultural laborers and their families. Scattered in the surrounding countryside are the large estate farms with their extensive fields of cereal crops or corn. Associated with each estate, usually built on an elevated site at the approximate center of the property, are the farm buildings: the owner's manor (generally occupied by a manager, for absentee landlordism has long been the rule in the region) ; outbuildings for crop storage and livestock; olive and/or grape arbors; and buildings for the processing of agricultural and animal Products. In addition, one or more small clusters of dwellings may be found on the property, owned by the landlord but housing permanent staff or long-term contract employees and their families, as well as one or more market gardens, watered by wells. Subsistence and Commercial Activities. Most of Andalusia traditionally has been devoted to estate-based, extensive cultivation of cereals, with olives and sunflowers constituting additional important crops. Cereal cropping is carried out in conjunction with sheepherding, although the flocks have declined dramatically over the last several decades and are now found only on the largest of the region's estates. Chickens and pigs are raised on a small scale. The vast majority of economic activity in Andalusia is agriculturally related, and this situation has become more and more exacerbated in recent years as local artisans faced competition from goods brought in from beyond the local community. On the great farms, most of the agricultural produce is destined for market, and the available work consists largely of unskilled, repetitive tasks such as sowing and harvesting. Local economies never have been capable of providing full employment, and many young men (fewer women) leave to seek work in the cities or elsewhere. Industrial Arts. Large-scale industry is uncommon in the region, but local milling and processing of olive oil, wine making, and other such enterprises are still common. Buildings are, for the most part, constructed of local materialsincluding wood-frame and, more commonly, mud-walled (stucco) structuresalthough the older estates are often made of stone. Trade. Nearly all of Andalusia's agricultural product is destined for market, either sold directly to processors in raw state or processed locally and sold to urban markets in final form (e.g., olive oil and wine). Little is left of the great mineral trade upon which the earliest economy of the region was based. Locally there are still weekly markets for agricultural produce and livestock, as well as for some locally produced crafts. Division of Labor. The casa, or coresident kinship group, is the basic economic production unit, and each member is expected to contribute labor toward securing the livelihood of the whole. There is a strong sexual division of labor organizing the economic roles of household members, but the nature of such gender-specific roles varies according to the class to which a household belongs. Among landed families, where the combination of current income and inherited wealth reduces the need for supplemental income, management of the household economy falls entirely to the male head of Household, while his wife concerns herself with the administration of the household and does not usually work outside of the home. In the households of agricultural laborers, the administration of the family budget falls to the wife, who may also work in the fields alongside her sons and husband. Still, regardless of the economic class to which the family belongs, there is a strong sense that home-management tasks (housekeeping, child rearing, and the like) are the exclusive Province of women, an assumption that it is best for women to remain, as far as possible, in the domestic sphere, and a strong cultural proscription for men to participate in any Domestic tasks whatsoever. Land Tenure. Land tenure takes one of three forms. Direct ownership is the preferred and the most common form. Leaseholds, traditionally for six years although variations in terms of the lease are not infrequent, are secured for payments in cash or kind (although today it is rare for agreements to be based upon the latter). Rents have soared in recent decades, and the lessor must often pay a substantial annual rent without certainty of the future profits at the harvest. Together, these factors have contributed to the decline in popularity of this form of land tenure. Sharecroppingin which an individual shares in the profits of the farm in return for the contribution of his labor in producing the cropwas once far more common than it is today, partly because of the mechanization of many farming tasks, which has reduced the need for outside labor. When sharecropping does occur, the proceeds of the sale of farm products are generally split, 50-50, between the landowner and the sharecropper. Kin Groups and Descent. Kinship is reckoned bilaterally and extends across five generationsan individual reckons as part of his/her kindred all lineal consanguines in the categories of grandchildren, children, siblings and some collaterals, parents and parents' siblings and collaterals, and grandparents. Collateral kin relations are not counted as particularly significant beyond first cousins. Kinship Terminology. There is no distinction made Between maternal and paternal kin, referentially, but the difference between first cousins (part of the kindred) and second cousins (recognized as relatives but not considered to be particularly close) is marked terminologically: first cousins are called primos hermanos (brother cousins) while all cousins further removed are collectively referred to merely as primos (cousins). People recognized as members of one's kindred are referred to as parientes, alternatively as familiares. Spiritual kinship is important in Andalusia. For instance, godparents are chosen at two stages of an individual's life: as sponsors for baptism, and as sponsors at marriage. However, in Andalusia these individuals are usually also the grandparents of the sponsored person, so that godparenthood does not usually draw into the kinship network anyone not already a part of it. Marriage and Family Marriage. The decision to marry is made by the potential spouses, but not without the active involvement of the Parents of both in the selection process. Courtship is carried out by the men, but it is held that the woman usually initiates it by expressing her interest in a potential suitor through discreet flirting. Although traditional laws stipulating that only church weddings were legitimate have been changed to recognize civil unions, the church wedding is still the rule. Despite the fact that informal liaisons are not officially or religiously recognized, common-law marriage among landless laborers is not unusual, and couples living together in this fashion are often tacitly accepted without serious damage to their reputations as long as they comport themselves as a properly married pair (i.e., maintain a monogamous union). They are expected to make every effort to regularize such a union when a child is imminent. Because of the strong social pressures to conform to the twin precepts of honore and verguenza (honor and shame), adultery and/or premarital sex are traditionally negatively sanctioneda situation that both church and state have long reinforced. Divorce was legally prohibited until very recently and remains repugnant to the church, but it does happen on occasion. It is much less likely for a wife to try to divorce her husband than for the reverse to occur. Postmarital residence is neolocal but tends to be in the same Communityquite frequently the same neighborhoodas that of the wife's family. Domestic Unit. The domestic unit is, minimally, the Nuclear familya man, his wife, their children. Although this form of household is the most common, extended families do occur and usually consist of a nuclear family and a member or members of the grandparental generation. Even when not coresident, the households of a woman and her married daughter tend to maintain strong ties, based on their close emotional relationship and proximity, which lead to the cooperation of the two in their day-to-day work and personal lives. Inheritance. In Andalusia, heritable property is divided equally among all heirs, with no distinction made on the basis of order of birth or gender. Socialization. Child rearing is the responsibility of the mother because the cultural proscription against male participation in the domestic sphere is strong. A father's relationship with his children is generally remote, to the point of formality. This distant relationship remains in place even after a son achieves maturity. In early childhood, the motherchild tie is very strong, but it gradually weakens between mother and son as the boy approaches his teenage years. At this time, young men are expected to begin to establish an increasingly "public" identity, spending greater and greater amounts of time away from the house in the company of their male contemporaries. Still, however much independence a young man achieves, as a "good son" he is expected to revere his mother throughout his life. A daughter rarely undergoes such a separation from her mother. Rather, upon reaching puberty a daughter is expected to retire further and further into the life of the casa, lest she risk incurring gossip. Thus, the mother-daughter bond is strengthened, rather than weakened, as the daughter achieves adulthood. Sociopolitical Organization Social Organization. Traditional Andalusian society has been said to operate primarily according to principles of patron-clientage, according to which those with greater access to wealth, power, or other resources are recruited by those with lesser access, to provide assistance. The terms used to justify such relationships may be fictive kin (by making the patron godparent to one's child) or loyalty and friendship (as between employer/employee). In modern Andalusia, more explicitly class-based factors appear to comprise the primary organizing principle. The institution of the cofradia (Brotherhood, fraternal order) has importance in organizing Cooperative efforts in preparing for ritual occasions and as a kind of mutual-aid society for its members; it is a village-based Organization of men, united for specific purposes or tasks. Each man is born into the cofradia of his father. Political Organization. Andalusia today, as an autonomous community within the larger national polity, has its own representative who brings to the attention of the state the interests of the region and who heads a regional board that makes decisions regarding Andalusian social and Economic issues. Local communities are under the jurisdicrion of the municipality or township, the minimal administrative level. The municipal-level political organization centers on the town hall, and the leading official is the mayor. Social Control and Conflict. As is true for many rural, face-to-face communities, one of the strongest mechanisms for social control is local gossip and other informal expressions of public censure. There is also recourse to municipal authorities. Religion and Expressive Culture See also Gitanos; Sephardic Jews Brandes, Stanley (1980). Metaphors of Masculinity: Sex and Status in Andalusian Folklore. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Gilmore, David (1980). The People of the Plain: Class and Community in Lower Andalusia. New York: Columbia University Press. Gilmore, David (1987). Aggression and Community: Paradoxes of Andalusian Culture. New Haven: Yale University Press. Josephs, Allen (1983). White Wall of Spain: The Mysteries of Andalusian Culture. Ames: Iowa State University Press. Mitchell, Timothy (1990). Passional Culture: Emotion, Religion, and Society in Southern Spain. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Pitt-Rivers, Julian A. (1971). The People of the Sierra. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Cite this article • MLA • Chicago • APA "Andalusians." Encyclopedia of World Cultures. . 17 Aug. 2017 <>. "Andalusians." Encyclopedia of World Cultures. . (August 17, 2017). "Andalusians." Encyclopedia of World Cultures. . Retrieved August 17, 2017 from LOCATION: Southern Spain POPULATION: About 6.6 million LANGUAGE: Castilian Spanish (Andalusian dialect) RELIGION: Roman Catholicism Andalusia is located in southern Spain. It has a distinctive culture influenced by its hot Mediterranean climate, its historical tolerance of diverse ethnic groups (including Jews and Gypsies), and, most important, its long period of rule by the Moors. (Moors are Muslims who invaded from North Africa and seized control of the region in the eighth century ad. ) The word "Andalusia" is derived from the Moorish name for SpainAl-Andalus. The Moors ruled all of Spain for three centuries, and Andalusia until nearly 1500. This period was a time of both cultural and economic wealth for the region. Andalusia reaped the benefits of Islamic advances in philosophy, medicine, the arts, and other fields, as well as the religious tolerance practiced under Moorish rule. In addition, the Moors brought to the region sophisticated irrigation and cultivation techniques that made the land bloom. When Christian forces based in Castile finally drove the Moors out of Granada (a province in Andalusia) in 1492, their religion (as well as that of the Jews) was suppressed. Consequently, the rich cultural life that had flourished in Andalusia was largely destroyed. Much of the region's wealth was confiscated, and a long period of economic decline began. The conquering Castilianswarriors rather than farmerslet the extensive irrigation systems of the Moors deteriorate, turning the fertile farms into pastureland. Large portions of land were placed under the control of absentee landlords, and the latifundio, or large landed estates, became a way of life. This situation has continued to the present day, leaving Andalusia one of Spain's poorest regions. In addition, Andalusia never built a strong industrial base and continued to rely on outmoded farming methods well into the twentieth century. However, since the end of the repressive Franco regime (1975) and Spain's entry into the European Community (EC) in 1986, Andalusia has seen some economic progress. The Spanish government designated it as an autonomous region in 1985. Andalusia is located in the southernmost part of the Iberian peninsula, between the Sierra Morena Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea. It is bound by Portugal to the west; the Spanish provinces of Extremadura, Castile-La-Mancha, and Murcia to the north; the Mediterranean to the southeast; and the Gulf of Cádiz to the southwest. Andalusia is the largest region in Spain, and also the least densely populated. It is a land of contrasts, containing Spain's highest mountains (the Sierra Nevada chain), its hottest lowlands (the Andalusian Plains), the white beaches of the Costa del Sol, and the Las Marismas marsheshome of the Coto Dona, a national park. According to the 1978 constitution, Castilian Spanish, the language of the central and southern parts of the country, is the national language of Spain. It is spoken by a majority of Spaniards and used in the schools and courts. English Spanish one un, uno two dos three tres four cuatro five cinco six seis seven siete eight ocho nine nueve ten diez English Spanish Sunday Domingo Monday Lunes Tuesday Martes Wednesday Miércoles Thursday Jueves Friday Viernes Saturday Sábado Andalusia also has its own regional dialectAndalusianthat contains words derived from Arabic, reflecting the region's period of Moorish rule. The development of bullfighting in Andalusia was preceded by bull rituals and cults. Bulls are found in stone carvings as well as in the prehistoric cave paintings of the region. The Catholicism of Andalusia has a strong element of belief in the miraculous. Some scholars believe it is possible to trace the region's devotion to the Virgin Mary to the mother goddesses of pre-Christian religions. Like people in the other regions of Spain, Andalusians are overwhelmingly Catholic. They are particularly known for the colorful Holy Week (Semana Santa) celebrations held in their cities and towns. The Catholicism of Andalusians is distinguished by an especially strong belief in the power of intercession by saints and the Virgin Mary. Andalusians celebrate the major holidays of the Christian calendar, as well as Spain's other national holidays. These include New Year's Day (January 1), St. Joseph's Day (March 19), the Day of St. Peter and St. Paul (June 29), St. James's Day (July 25), and a National Day on October 12. Additional festivals and celebrations of many kinds take place in the region throughout the year. The most famous is Seville's Semana Santa, or Holy Week, celebration, which begins on Palm Sunday and ends on Easter Saturday. On each day, up to eleven processions of floats pass through town, organized by members of religious brotherhoods called cofradías. The nighttime processions by candlelight are especially beautiful. Seville is also noted for its feria, a type of fair. Seville's feria takes place shortly after Easter and lasts an entire week. During this time the town is on holiday and almost all normal business shuts down. The Monday following the festival, which is also a public holiday, is popularly called Hangover Monday (Lunes de la Resaca). Baptism, first communion, marriage, and military service are considered rites of passage for Andalusians, as they are for most Roman Catholic Spaniards. The first three of these events are the occasion, in most cases, for big and expensive social gatherings in which the family shows its generosity and economic status. Quintos are the young men from the same town or village going into military service in the same year. They form a closely knit group that collects money from neighbors to organize parties and serenade girls. In the mid-1990s, the government planned to replace required military service with a voluntary army. In the cities, office hours begin at 9:00 am and traditionally include an extended afternoon lunch break beginning at 2:00 pm. Workers then return to their offices from 4:00 to 7:00 pm. The day typically ends with a walk with friends or family or visits to neighborhood bars for drinks, tapas ( appetizers), and conversation. Dinner is often eaten as late as 10:30 pm. In greetings, it is customary to shake hands, and in social settings women usually kiss their friends on both cheeks. Young groups formed by co-workers, fellow students, or people from the same town go together to discos, organize parties and excursions, and date among themselves. It is not unusual to have lifelong friends known since kindergarten. Reflecting the Andalusians' Moorish heritage, houses in the region have traditionally been designed with the goal of protecting residents from the heat of the sun. Often built of stucco with thick walls and few windows, Andalusia's older houses may also be built of stone. Windows overlook patios filled with potted plants. The house is often built around a shady central court-yardsometimes including a fountainin which the family can relax and cool off. Houses in Seville often have intricately carved wrought-iron gates over their doors and windows. Most Andalusian households consist of nuclear families (parents and children only). Sometimes one or more grandparents are included. Women have almost exclusive responsibility for child-rearing. Male participation in domestic life is sharply limited, and fathers generally maintain a more distant and formal role. As elsewhere in Spain, there is a strict standard of modesty and chastity for women before marriage. In the 1980s, high unemployment in Spain forced many young adults to continue living with their parents. This led to a rebirth of the traditional formalized courtship, or noviazgo. Married women in Andalusia maintain close ties to their mothers. Common-law marriages among laborers are not unusual. Only church marriages were formally recognized in Spain until 1968, when civil ceremonies were first allowed by law. Divorce has been legal since the 1980s. The tradition of machismo the public assertion of masculinitycontinues to define much of men's behavior. Andalusian women have a high degree of economic independence, and compete favorably with men for the region's scarce jobs. For everyday activities, both casual and formal, Andalusians wear modern Western-style clothing. However, traditional costumes can be seen at the region's many festivals and in flamenco dance performances. Women's attire consists of solid-colored or polka-dot dresses with tightly fitted bodices and flounced skirts and sleeves. These are worn with mantillas (lacy scarves worn over the hair and shoulders), long earrings, and hair ornaments such as combs or flowers. Male flamenco dancers wear white shirts with black suits and broad-brimmed black hats. During the Holy Week (Semana Santa) festivals, members of religious fraternities called cofradías wear all-white costumes consisting of long robes, masks, and high-pointed hats. These are similar to those worn during the Spanish Inquisition of the fifteenth century and later adopted by the Ku Klux Klan in the United States. Andalusians have a preference for extremely late meals. Lunch may be eaten as late as 5:00 in the afternoon, and dinner as late as midnight. Sometimes meals are skipped altogether in favor of tapas. These are snacks or appetizers eatenwith regional variationsthroughout Spain. Tapas are, in fact, said to have originated in Andalusia. Popular tapas in all of Spain include shrimp-fried squid, cured ham, chorizo (spicy Spanish sausage), and potato omelettes (called tortillas ). The most famous Andalusian dish is gazpacho, a cold soup made with tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, and olive oil. The other dish for which Andalusia is known is fish fried in batter, available at special shops called freidurías. A salad of lettuce and tomatoes is served with most dishes, but these are usually the only vegetables that accompany a meal. Andalusia's most popular drink is lager beer, served ice-cold. Andalusian children, like other Spanish children, receive free, required schooling between the ages of six and fourteen. Following this, many students begin the three-year bachillerato (baccalaureate) course of study. They may then opt for either one year of college preparatory study or vocational training. The University of Seville is highly regarded throughout Spain. The most important element of Andalusian culture is flamenco dancing. Flamenco dances, accompanied by a singer and guitarist, feature expressive hand and chest movements, clapping (tapoteo), and foot tapping (zapoteo). The greatest performances are said to be distinguished by a type of inspiration called duende. All performers strive for this quality. The authentic flamenco song, sung a cappella (without musical accompaniment), is the cante jondo, an anguished lament expressing love, sadness, and loss. The cante jondo has almost exclusively Arabic roots. When these songs are of a religious nature, they are called saetas. Another type of Andalusian folk song, and one which is very popular today, is the sevillana. Andalusia is primarily an agricultural region. Important crops include various grains, sunflowers, and olives. Most of the region's farm laborers work on large estates (latifundios ). Here they perform largely unskilled, repetitive tasks such as sowing and harvesting. Unemployment has always been high. In the mid-1980s, some 40 percent of the work force under the age of twenty-five was unemployed. Many people move to the cities to work in factories or they move to the coast to obtain jobs in the tourist industry. Such emigration is more common among men than among women. The Andalusians share the rest of Spain's passion for soccer (called fútbol ). The Spanish national sport of bullfighting originated in Andalusia, where Spain's oldest bullrings are located (in Seville and Ronda). At the beginning of the bullfight, or corrida, the torero (bullfighter) sizes up the bull while performing certain ritualized motions with his cape. Next the picadores, mounted on horseback, gore the bull with lances to weaken him, and the banderilleros stick colored banners into his neck. Finally, the torero confronts the bull alone in the ring. Exceptionally good performances are rewarded by giving the torero one or both of the bull's ears. Andalusia's other sports include tennis, swimming, hunting, and horseback riding. In a region with extremely hot weather much of the year, Andalusian life moves at a leisurely and casual pace. Much social life centers around the neighborhood bars where one can relax with a cold drink and a plate of tapas. People also enjoy staying home and watching television, which is found even in the smallest village. In addition to their leather crafts, Andalusians are known for their ceramics, which are distinguished by the geometric designs that originated with the Moors. (Islamic culture prohibits the representation of living things in art.) The art of Andalusian builders and stone carvers has survived in such famous buildings as the Alhambra Palace in Granada, the Giralda Tower in Seville, and the mosque in the city of Córdoba. Andalusia is a poor region with high rates of unemployment and emigration. Much of the land is concentrated in large holdings (latifundios) by wealthy (and often absentee) landowners. The wages of Andalusia's landless laborers, or braceros, are the lowest in Spain. They are subject to long, seasonal periods of unemployment, often adding up to half the year. Cross, Esther, and Wilbur Cross. Spain. Chicago:Children's Press, 1994. Jacobs, Michael. A Guide to Andalusia. London, England: Viking, 1990. Tourist Office of Spain. [Online] Available, 1998. World Travel Guide. Spain. [Online] Available, 1998. Cite this article • MLA • Chicago • APA "Andalusians." Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of World Cultures. . 17 Aug. 2017 <>. "Andalusians." Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of World Cultures. . (August 17, 2017). "Andalusians." Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of World Cultures. . Retrieved August 17, 2017 from Andalusia (region, Spain) Economy and People In the 11th cent. BC, the Phoenicians settled there and founded several coastal colonies, notably Gadir (now Cádiz and, supposedly, the inland town of Tartessus, which became the capital of a flourishing kingdom (sometimes identified with the biblical Tarshish). Greeks and Carthaginians came in the 6th cent. BC; the Carthaginians were expelled (3d cent. BC) by the Romans, who included S Spain in the province of Baetica. The emperors Trajan, Hadrian, and Theodosius were born in the region. Cite this article • MLA • Chicago • APA "Andalusia (region, Spain)." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. . 17 Aug. 2017 <>. Andalusia (Andalucía) Largest, most populous and southernmost region of Spain, crossed by the River Guadalquivir, and comprising eight provinces. The capital is Seville, other major cities include Málaga, Granada, and Córdoba. In the n are the Sierra Morena mountains, which are rich in minerals. In the s are the Sierra Nevada, rising to Mulhacén (Spain's highest point), at 3378m (11,411ft). Farms in the low-lying sw raise horses and cattle (including fighting bulls) and grow most of the country's cereals; other important crops are citrus fruits, olives, sugar, and grapes. Sherry is made from grapes grown in the environs of Jerez de la Frontera, near Cádiz. The region has many fine buildings (such as the Alhambra) dating from between 711 and 1492, when it was ruled by the Moors. Area: 87,268sq km (33,707sq mi). Pop. (1998 est.) 7,236,459. Cite this article • MLA • Chicago • APA "Andalusia." World Encyclopedia. . 17 Aug. 2017 <>. "Andalusia." World Encyclopedia. . (August 17, 2017). "Andalusia." World Encyclopedia. . Retrieved August 17, 2017 from Andalusia (city, United States) Andalusia (ăndəlōō´shə, –zhə), city (1990 pop. 9,269), seat of Covington co., S Ala., in a farming and forestry area; inc. 1844. Its manufactures include processed peanuts and pecans, meat products, textiles, lumber, and plywood. Cite this article • MLA • Chicago • APA tirana. Sp. song-dance popular in Andalusia, usually with rhythmic guitar acc. in 6/8 time. Cite this article • MLA • Chicago • APA "tirana." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. . 17 Aug. 2017 <>. "tirana." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. . (August 17, 2017). "tirana." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. . Retrieved August 17, 2017 from Cite this article • MLA • Chicago • APA "Andalusia." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. . 17 Aug. 2017 <>. "Andalusia." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. . (August 17, 2017). "Andalusia." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. . Retrieved August 17, 2017 from
Reserve Batteries Information Reserve batteries are designed to retain their charge during long storage periods. The electrolyte is kept separate from the rest of battery to avoid self-discharge. This allows the electrolyte to remain inert and makes reserve batteries well-suited for military and aerospace applications. Product specifications for reserve batteries include voltage, capacity in ampere-hours (AH), reserve capacity (RC), energy density, operating temperature, and terminal connections. Choices for terminal connections include button top, screw type, springs, solder, bolt-on, plug-in socket, snap fastener, wire or cable, and other. Width or diameter, depth and height are also important parameters to consider. Types of Reserve Batteries There are several basic types of reserve batteries. Magnesium-silver chloride (Mg/AgCl) batteries are seawater-activated primary batteries that offer exceptional reliability and performance. These high-energy batteries can be stored indefinitely, in a wide variety of conditions, with minimal degradation of performance. Because magnesium-silver chloride batteries activate instantly at any temperature and depth, they are often used in sonobuoys, torpedoes, and survival gear. Silver oxide-zinc batteries (Zn/AgO) are also used for military applications. To extend their shelf life, these reserve batteries are manufactured without their electrolyte. Aluminum-silver oxide seawater batteries (Al/AgO) are now under development, and promise power and energy densities of up to 1200 W/kg and 250 Wh/kg. Reserve batteries include spin-dependent, ammonia, and thermal batteries. With a long shelf life and high performance at low temperatures, spin-dependant reserve batteries are used to power electronic fuses and sensors. Ammonia batteries, as their name suggests, have an ammonia electrolyte. Open-circuit voltages vary from 1.1 to 3.0 V per cell. Thermal batteries are primary reserve batteries that are solid state at normal temperature. For many years, they have been the first choice of power supply for guided missiles and nuclear weapons. Typically, the electrolyte is a mixture of lithium chloride and potassium chloride, which is solid and inert at normal temperatures, but molten at the operating temperature. Spin-dependent or spin-activated reserve batteries consist of a stack of bipolar electrodes, if high voltage is needed, or a set of alternate anodes and cathodes connected in parallel to give a high current, or a combination of the two. These batteries feature a long shelf life and high performance at low temperatures. Ambient-temperature lithium anode reserve batteries are available in three major types: lithium/vanadium pentoxide, lithium/thionyl chloride, and lithium/sulfur dioxide. Ambient-temperature lithium anode reserve batteries have undiminished power output even after storage periods over fourteen years.
IBM announces computer chip breakthrough, the world's first 7 nanometer semiconductor 07/09/2015 03:58 EDT \| Updated 07/09/2016 05:59 EDT Companies are racing to create smaller, more powerful chips to perform the increasingly complex task that our wired lives demand. At the same time that computer chips have grown more powerful, though, they have also gotten smaller, to the point where you can now hold in your hand a computer many times more powerful than computers that used to fill a room. The chip is still development and IBM did not say when it expects to put it on the market. IBM will still have to figure out how to manufacture large numbers of the chips cheaply.
The Second Book of Samuel provides an early example of the importance of the beard. There, the Ammonite king shaves off half the beards of King David’s messengers to insult David. The messengers are so embarrassed that David instructs them to wait until their beards grow back before returning to Jerusalem. Medieval biblical commentator Rabbi David Kimchi notes that implicit in the story is the fact that the messengers’ other option – shaving off the other half of their beards – was too humiliating to contemplate. The beard is also a sign of piousness and the wisdom that comes with age. The Hebrew word for beard and elder is derived from the same root letters of zayin, kuf, nun. In Jewish liturgy, the beard is a recurrent symbol when describing a pious or a wise man. In modern times, many religious Jews would not shave off or even trim their beards, actions strictly forbidden by chassidic and Kabbalistic teachings. The Jew’s beard also made an easy target for anti-Semites. In 19th century Poland, then controlled by the Russian empire, a government decree banned Jews from having beards and side-locks. Many chassidic Jews were heroically ready to face prison or exile rather than comply. Fortunately, a group of rabbis and community leaders convinced Polish and Russian authorities to annul the decree. Despite the significance of a beard for many Jews, the Israeli military has initiated a “war on beards,” as a headline in the major Israeli daily newspaper Yediot Aharonot put it, announcing new regulations that restrict the ability of soldiers to grow and keep beards. Previously, the Israel Defense Forces placed no restrictions on a religious soldier’s right to grow a beard. The old order (Directive 33.0118) states that “a soldier, observing a religious lifestyle, can grow a beard for religious reasons.” Under the new rules, however, a soldier must obtain a recommendation from the rabbi of his unit and then a permit from a lieutenant colonel. If the soldier transfers to another unit he must renew his permit in the new unit. And if the soldier shaves his beard or if he is tried for a disciplinary violation of the new regulations, he must wait a year before obtaining a new permit. These new guidelines place considerable obstacles in the path of a religious soldier wishing to fulfill a precept he considers central to his observance. They violate religious freedom of soldiers. At the very least, they force the IDF to question soldiers’ religious beliefs and pass judgment on religious sincerity. How will the IDF pass such judgment? For example, if a soldier only recently became religious, how long must he wait to show his religious sincerity before growing a beard? If a soldier observes Shabbat and kashrut but not other mitzvot, is he sufficiently religious to grow a beard? What if a soldier is only traditional? Further, there are no guidelines for the lieutenant colonel who issues the permit. He, sadly, may be hostile to or have little-to-no understanding of Judaism. As a result, soldiers in different battalions will face different and unfair requirements. The new directives also provide no exception for soldiers who only refrain from shaving during specific times of the year as prescribed by halacha. Those soldiers will have to go through an arduous process several times a year, and a lieutenant colonel who does not understand or even disdains the halacha may simply reject such requests. The Legal Forum therefore requested that the new directives be clarified to include such exceptions. Loading Facebook Comments ...
In Los Angeles, many individuals are often confused with real estate terms such as “Note, “mortgage”, “Deed of Trust”, “principal and interest” and “escrow.” We though it would be useful if we summarize what each of these terms mean, in simplified form, without getting into technical words. Often, our Los Angeles attorneys at Katz Law encounter issues involving real estate law and real estate finance in California. We think it is important for one to know the meaning of common terms before understanding the issues that they may be facing. What is a Note? Without any consideration to real estate or real estate law, the word Note means “a brief record of facts, topics, or thoughts, written down as an aid to memory.” However, in the real estate, the word “Note” or “Promissory Note” means a written contract where a borrower (person who lends money from the bank (or another creditor)) agrees to repay the lender at terms that the parties agree on. For example, if the bank is lending you $100,000.00 at 5 percent interest, the Note will specify that, and will also indicate what happens if you do not make your payments (as well as other terms). It is important to read all of the terms of the Note so that you know what you are in for when borrowing money. What is a Mortgage or a Deed of Trust? A Mortgage or a Deed of Trust is the security instrument that secures the Note. What does that mean? it is the piece of paper that allows the bank to put a lien on a property. This is also the instrument that allows a lender to foreclose on a property because of its lien if there is a default on payments. People in California often use the word “mortgage” when the documents they are describing are a “deed of trust” or a “note. The big differences between a mortgage and a deed of trust are the parties involved, and the manner in which a lender can foreclose in case of a default. The Mortgage Payment – Principal and Interest Component and the Escrow Component The monthly mortgage payment that a borrower in Los Angeles has to pay normally includes several components: a principal component, an interest component and an escrow component. We will explain each of those component. The principal component of the payment is the amount that you pay each month toward the original amount that you borrowed from the bank. So, in the example above, that would mean that portion of the payment that will go to pay the $100,000 originally borrowed. The interest component of the payment is the amount that you pay each month toward the interest on the original amount that you borrowed. In other words, this is the portion of the payment that goes to pay the bank its fees to letting you borrow money. The escrow component of the monthly mortgage payment is the portion of the payment that is used to pay for the property taxes and property insurance on your home. While you have the option to pay property taxes and insurance directly, many people choose to have the bank pay those through an “escrow account” (and then charge you monthly for it). Additionally, borrowers are entitled to receive yearly reports (or “Escrow Analysis Disclosure Statements” that advise how much money the bank is paying for the property taxes and insurance, and how much will the escrow component of the payment be. While a loan in Los Angeles may be a “fixed interest” loan, and thus the principal and interest component remains the same, the escrow component of the payment often charges yearly. Consult With A Qualified Los Angeles Attorney Now! If you are an owner of a property and need assistance with a real estate matter, contact our qualified attorneys at Katz Law now! We are California attorneys located in Los Angeles who have experience dealing with mortgage-related issues.
Ancient petroglyphs Ancient petroglyphs E448/0109 Rights Managed Request low-res file 530 pixels on longest edge, unwatermarked Request/Download high-res file Uncompressed file size: 50.0MB Downloadable file size: 6.2MB Price image Pricing Please login to use the price calculator Caption: Ancient petroglyphs carved by hammering quartz into the sandstone. A guide points out these rock carvings by the Bushmen or San people, which date from 6000 years ago. All the animals of the area were depicted, especially the giraffe as it was sacred to them and represented water since it could reach to the heavens to drink. Zebras, rhinos, lizards, oryx, cheetahs, elephants, sea lions, penguins and flamingos were also carved. The rock is red karroo-aged etjo sandstone. These sediments were deposited 180 million years ago in a desert which covered the interior of the continent of Gondwanaland. Photographed at Twfelfontein, Namibia. Keywords: 20s, africa, african, ancient, animal, animals, anthropological, anthropology, archaeological, archaeology, archeology, art, black, carved, carving, etjo sandstone, fauna, female, geological, geology, guide, guiding, historical, history, namibia, old, paintings, palaeontology, paleontology, petroglyph, pictures, pointing, prehistoric, prehistory, red, rock, rock carving, rock painting, rocks, sandstone, tour, tour guide, tourism, twenties, twfelfontein, twfelfontein rock carvings, wildlife, woman
Wednesday, March 4, 2015 Jerome K Jerome and the Bull at Streatley The Bull at Streatley figures in both Jerome K Jerome's Three Men in a Boat, and in your writer of pulps own The Windral. Interestingly, Jerome K Jerome was of Hungarian parents exiled to the English Island following political turmoil. His father had changed his name from Jerome Clapp, to Jerome Clapp Jerome to better suit the English Climate. Jerome K Jerome was his youngest son. Jerome Clapp Jerome fell foul of his investments, and his youngest son Jerome Klapka Jerome had to work for a living. His first job was with the London and North Western Railway, picking coal that fell along the lines from the steam trains. The company saw value in the occupation, it was their coal and not for general use by those who couldn't afford to buy their own coal. Jerome K Jerome died in June of 1927. In the First World War he was 56, he was turned down as too old for the British Army so he drove an Ambulance for The French Army No comments:
Sandeep Panda – SitePoint Learn CSS \| HTML5 \| JavaScript \| Wordpress \| Tutorials-Web Development \| Reference \| Books and More Thu, 17 Aug 2017 16:00:26 +0000 en-US hourly 1 Getting Started with React and JSX Thu, 14 Apr 2016 20:00:56 +0000 This article was updated on 16th April, 2016. Specifically: installation instructions, code samples, ES5/ES6 syntax, precompiling JSX. React is an open source library for building user interfaces. It lets you create views easily while making sure your UI stays in sync with the underlying data model. This article, targeted towards beginners, covers the basics of React and JSX syntax. Getting Started with React Probably, the easiest way to get started with React, is to include the necessary libraries from a CDN (we will do this in our examples). Alternatively, you can use npm or download the React starter kit from the official website. To kick things off, let's create a directory for our project which contains a file named index.html: mkdir react-test && cd react-test touch index.html Open index.html in your favorite editor and add the following: <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <title>My First React Example</title> <div id="greeting-div"></div> <script src=""></script> <script src=""></script> <script src=""></script> <script type="text/babel"> var Greeting = React.createClass({ render: function() { return ( <p>Hello, Universe</p> Let's have a look at what's going on. 1. React follows component oriented development. The general idea is to break your whole UI into a set of components. In our case we have just one component named Greeting. In React, you create a component by calling React.createClass(). Every component has a render() method which returns markup to render. In the above snippet we simply returned <p>Hello, Universe</p>, which is then displayed in the view. 2. A component doesn't do anything until it's rendered. To render a component you call ReactDOM.render() with the component to render as the first argument. The second argument is the HTML element in which you would like to render your component. In our case we render our Greeting component into the <div> with an ID of greeting-div. 3. You might be wondering what <greeting> really is? This syntax is known as JSX (JavaScript XML) which lets you build DOM nodes with HTML-like syntax. JSX is completely optional and you don't need it in order to use React, but it has a lot of nice features and there is no reason not to take advantage of it. 4. Since the browser doesn't understand JSX natively, we need to transform it to JavaScript first. This is handled by including Babel 5's in-browser ES6 and JSX transformer called browser.js. Babel will recognize JSX code in <script type="text/babel"></script> tags and transform it into JavaScript on the fly. Transforming JSX in the browser works quite well during development. However, you will need to pre-compile your JSX code into JS before deploying to production so that your app renders faster. We will see how to do that later on. Now you can open index.html in your browser and see the message "Hello, Universe" displayed (exciting, huh?). Show me what the above snippet would look like without JSX. var Greeting = React.createClass({ render: function() { return React.createElement("p", null, "Hello, Universe"); class Greeting extends React.Component { render() { Introducing Properties React relies on unidirectional data flow. This means that data flow occurs in only one direction i.e. from parent to child via properties. These properties are passed to child components via attributes in JSX. Inside the component you can access the passed properties via the props property of the component. When the properties change, React makes sure to re-render your component so that your UI is up-to-date with the data model. Let's modify the previous snippet to show a random message every two seconds. Continue reading %Getting Started with React and JSX% ]]> 17 Creating a CRUD App in Minutes with Angular’s $resource Thu, 11 Jun 2015 21:12:01 +0000 Most Single Page Applications involve CRUD operations. If you are building CRUD operations using AngularJS, then you can leverage the power of the $resource service. Built on the top of the $http service, Angular's $resource is a factory that lets you interact with RESTful backends easily. So, let's explore $resource and use it to implement CRUD operations in Angular. The $resource service doesn't come bundled with the main Angular script. You need to download a separate file called angular-resource.js and include it in your HTML page. The script can be downloaded from Also, your main app module should declare a dependency on the ngResource module in order to use $resource. The following example demonstrates how to do it: angular.module('mainApp',['ngResource']); //mainApp is our main module Getting Started $resource expects a classic RESTful backend. This means you should have REST endpoints in the following format: REST Endpoints You can create the endpoints using the server side language of your choice. However, I have used Node + Express + MongoDB to design the RESTful API for the demo app. Once you have the URLs ready you can take help of $resource for interacting with these URLs. So, let's see how exactly $resource works. How Does $resource Work? To use $resource inside your controller/service you need to declare a dependency on $resource. The next step is calling the $resource() function with your REST endpoint, as shown in the following example. This function call returns a $resource class representation which can be used to interact with the REST backend. angular.module('').factory('Entry', function($resource) { return $resource('/api/entries/:id'); // Note the full endpoint address The result of the function call is a resource class object which has the following five methods by default: 1. get() 2. query() 3. save() 4. remove() 5. delete() Now, let's see how we can use the get(), query() and save() methods in a controller: angular.module('myApp.controllers').controller('ResourceController',function($scope, Entry) { var entry = Entry.get({ id: $ }, function() { }); // get() returns a single entry var entries = Entry.query(function() { }); //query() returns all the entries $scope.entry = new Entry(); //You can instantiate resource class $ = 'some data';$scope.entry, function() { //data saved. do something here. }); //saves an entry. Assuming $scope.entry is the Entry object The get() function in the above snippet issues a GET request to /api/entries/:id. The parameter :id in the URL is replaced with $ You should also note that the function get() returns an empty object which is populated automatically when the actual data comes from server. The second argument to get() is a callback which is executed when the data arrives from server. This is a useful trick because you can set the empty object returned by get() to the $scope and refer to it in the view. When the actual data arrives and the object is populated, the data binding kicks in and your view is also updated. The function query() issues a GET request to /api/entries (notice there is no :id) and returns an empty array. This array is populated when the data arrives from server. Again you can set this array as a $scope model and refer to it in the view using ng-repeat. You can also pass a callback to query() which is called once the data comes from server. The save() function issues a POST request to /api/entries with the first argument as the post body. The second argument is a callback which is called when the data is saved. You might recall that the return value of the $resource() function is a resource class. So, in our case we can call new Entry() to instantiate an actual object out of this class, set various properties on it and finally save the object to backend. Ideally, you will only use get() and query() on the resource class (Entry in our case). All the non GET methods like save() and delete() are also available in the instance obtained by calling new Entry() (call this a $resource instance). But the difference is that these methods are prefixed with a $. So, the methods available in the $resource instance (as opposed to $resource class) are: 1. $save() 2. $delete() 3. $remove() For instance, the method $save() is used as following: $scope.entry = new Entry(); //this object now has a $save() method $scope.entry.$save(function() { //data saved. $scope.entry is sent as the post body. We have explored the create, read and delete parts of CRUD. The only thing left is update. To support an update operation we need to modify our custom factory Entity as shown below. return $resource('/api/entries/:id', { id: '@_id' }, { update: { method: 'PUT' // this method issues a PUT request Continue reading %Creating a CRUD App in Minutes with Angular’s $resource% ]]> 98 Using Redis with Node.js Wed, 14 Jan 2015 20:00:03 +0000 Redis is a fast and efficient in-memory key-value store. It is also known as a data structure server, as the keys can contain strings, lists, sets, hashes and other data structures. If you are using Node.js, you can use the node_redis module to interact with Redis. This tutorial explains various ways of interacting with Redis from a Node.js app using the node_redis library. Installing node_redis npm install redis Getting Started Once you have installed node_redis module you are good to go. Let's create a simple file, app.js, and see how to connect with Redis from Node.js. var redis = require('redis'); var client = redis.createClient(port, host); client.on('connect', function() { So, the following snippet goes into app.js: var redis = require('redis'); var client = redis.createClient(); client.on('connect', function() { Storing Key-Value Pairs Now that you know how to connect with Redis from Node.js, let's see how to store key-value pairs in Redis storage. Storing Strings client.set('framework', 'AngularJS'); Continue reading %Using Redis with Node.js% ]]> 0 Integrated and Collaborative Code Reviewing with Beanstalk Wed, 03 Dec 2014 18:00:22 +0000 This article was sponsored by Beanstalk. Thank you for supporting the sponsors that make SitePoint possible. Do you perform code reviews in your team? It’s a useful technique to find bugs quickly and improve the quality of your code. Simply put, the process works like this: A developer will present a code example to their team or superiors, explain what they have written, and then receive feedback on how they could improve their code. That sounds easy, but in reality it can often be complicated, time-consuming and difficult to take on. But today I’m going to talk about Beanstalk, a platform that can help to incorporate a code review process into your workflow, seamlessly making it a part of your coding habits. Let’s first have a look at the common code review techniques used by development teams and highlight where there’s room for improvement, before moving on to talk about how Beanstalk can help. Code Review Tools and Techniques There are many benefits to reviewing code. Some of the more important ones are as follows: 1. Bugs are identified and eliminated quickly. 2. Team members always know what’s going on in the team. 3. Reviewed code is more readable. 4. Various optimisations may be done in code review, improving speed. Let’s look at how code review is usually done. Often teams adopt one or more of the following techniques to review code: 1. Pair programming : Two programmers sit at the same workstation and write code together, with one typing out the code and the other offering suggestions. While this seems like a good solution, it comes with some problems. For example, sometimes the senior member in a team can take over and do most of the work, defeating the purpose of the pair programming. 2. Over the shoulder review : Usually a senior member looks over the developer’s shoulder while the latter explains what they’ve done. This is a quick, lightweight, ad hoc technique to perform code review, and that may work for small teams and projects. But as your project grows and your team expands, it’s just not possible to do over the shoulder reviews effectively. 3. Email : Here the version control system sends code to reviewers via email. Usually this is done once a new commit is pushed to the repo. But things can quickly get messy with this technique. It requires you to keep track of multiple email chains to review code and suggest changes. Also, because it uses email it’s also difficult for other team members to know what is going on in the review. 4. Code review meetings : The developer schedules a specific meeting dedicated to code review, with one or more reviewers reviewing the code. Issues are noted as a part of the process. Once the developer addresses those issues, the reviewers are notified. Of course, as with any meeting, scheduling and executing a code review can be tricky and time consuming. So those are some existing ways of managing code review, which each have their problems. Let’s have a look at a better way. Introducing Beanstalk Beanstalk is a code hosting solution for development teams. Once you signup you can start creating repositories (repos) to host your code. In case you’re not aware, a “repo” is a storage space for your code. You can create a new repo by clicking on the “Create a repository” button in your Beanstalk dashboard. You can also create “branches” for fixing bugs or developing new features. We’ll discuss branches more later on. Beanstalk promotes a three-step process to ship your code : 1. Commit your code 2. Review with the team via Code Review 3. Deploy the final reviewed code This is a useful way to release your code because code review is built in as an essential step in the development workflow. This means the code quality will be improved and bugs eliminated earlier. Developers can update their code based on a comment or issue, make their changes and then get feedback from reviewers. Code Hosting and Committing To start using Beanstalk’s code review tools you’ll first need to host your code. This process is very simple. If you don’t have a Beanstalk account yet, go ahead and create one. Once you’ve created an account you can go to the “repositories” tab to create a new repository. You can create both git- and subversion-based repos, but we’ll be using git for this example. In case you are new to git, here’s an article to help you get up to speed. Creating a repo is easy. Once you click on the “Create a repository” button you’ll be presented with a wizard. It’ll ask you to choose a title and repo type (git, subversion or another.) Once you fill in the details your repo will be ready. Here’s a screenshot of the repo creation wizard. Repo creation wizard I created a simple git repository to demonstrate the process. My repositories tab looks like this: My repositories tab Once your repo is ready, you’ll get a URL (mine is You can use this URL to push ‘commits’ into your repository. Again, if you’re unfamiliar with source control, think of commits as snapshots of your code at a particular point in time. Once you’ve committed some changes, you can always revert back to that point in the future. Pushing code to a repository Now your new repo is ready you can start committing the changes. If you have your source code on your machine you can commit locally and push those to your Beanstalk repo. Every repo has one or more ‘branches’. The normal workflow involves a master branch for production. Every feature and bug fix should start in a new branch and be submitted for code review once it’s completed. Once the review is complete and issues are resolved, the branch can be merged back into the master branch and its changes applied to the production code. The ‘branches’ tab, shown in the screenshot below, lists different branches in your repo. You can also create new branches and delete existing ones. Beanstalk branches tab For more information on working with branches check out this tutorial. Now you have the basics in mind, let’s create our first code review. Read more on SitePoint. Continue reading %Integrated and Collaborative Code Reviewing with Beanstalk% ]]> 0 The Basics of Node.js Streams Thu, 20 Nov 2014 20:00:11 +0000 Node.js is asynchronous and event driven in nature. As a result, it's very good at handling I/O bound tasks. If you are working on an app that performs I/O operations, you can take advantage of the streams available in Node.js. So, let's explore Streams in detail and understand how they can simplify I/O. What are Streams Streams are unix pipes that let you easily read data from a source and pipe it to a destination. Simply put, a stream is nothing but an EventEmitter and implements some specials methods. Depending on the methods implemented, a stream becomes Readable, Writable, or Duplex (both readable and writable). Readable streams let you read data from a source while writable streams let you write data to a destination. Now that you know the basics, lets understand different type of streams. In this article, we will discuss readable and writable streams. Duplex streams are beyond the scope of this article. Readable Stream A readable stream lets you read data from a source. The source can be anything. It can be a simple file on your file system, a buffer in memory or even another stream. As streams are EventEmitters, they emit several events at various points. We will use these events to work with the streams. Reading From Streams The best way to read data from a stream is to listen to data event and attach a callback. When a chunk of data is available, the readable stream emits a data event and your callback executes. Take a look at the following snippet: var fs = require('fs'); var readableStream = fs.createReadStream('file.txt'); var data = ''; readableStream.on('data', function(chunk) { readableStream.on('end', function() { The function call fs.createReadStream() gives you a readable stream. Initially, the stream is in a static state. As soon as you listen to data event and attach a callback it starts flowing. After that, chunks of data are read and passed to your callback. The stream implementor decides how often data event is emitted. For example, an HTTP request may emit a data event once a few KB of data are read. When you are reading data from a file you may decide you emit data event once a line is read. There is also another way to read from stream. You just need to call read() on the stream instance repeatedly until every chunk of data has been read. var fs = require('fs'); var readableStream = fs.createReadStream('file.txt'); var data = ''; var chunk; readableStream.on('readable', function() { while (( != null) { data += chunk; readableStream.on('end', function() { Continue reading %The Basics of Node.js Streams% ]]> 35 Creating a Note Taking App with React and Flux Tue, 21 Oct 2014 18:00:26 +0000 React, by Facebook, is a very nice library for creating user interfaces. The only problem is that React doesn't care how your application handles the data. Most people use React as the V in MV*. So, Facebook introduced a pattern called Flux which brings a functional approach to data handling inside an app. This tutorial gives a brief introduction on the Flux pattern and shows how to create a note taking app using React and Flux architecture. A Primer on Flux Flux relies on unidirectional data flow. We have two key components in the Flux pattern: 1. Stores : A store component, as the name suggests, stores the application data. 2. Actions : New data flows into the stores through actions. Stores listen to actions and do some tasks (e.g. modify data) when actions are invoked. This keeps the data flow unidirectional. To reinforce the concept let's take a real world example. For example, in a note making app you can have the following arrangement: 1. A store called NoteStore which stores a list of notes. 2. You can have an action called createNote. The store NoteStore listens to the action createNote and updates its list with a new note whenever the action is invoked. Data flows into the store only through actions. 3. The NoteStore triggers an event whenever its data changes. Your React component, say NoteListComponent, listens to this event and updates the list of notes presented on the view. This is how the data flows out of the store. So, the data flow can be visualised as following : Data Flow Diagram The biggest advantage of the Flux pattern is that it keeps your application data flat. As mutation can be done only through actions, it's easier to understand how the data change affects the whole application. If you have gone through Facebook's guide to Flux, you might have noticed the concept of a Dispatcher. A Dispatcher is a registry of callbacks into the stores. When an action is invoked, the Dispatcher responds to it and sends the associated data to all the registered stores. Stores then check the action type and perform tasks accordingly. The above process has been greatly simplified by a library called Reflux . It removes the concept of Dispatchers by making the actions listenable. So, in Reflux stores can directly listen to actions and respond to their invocation. To understand the Flux pattern fully let's build a simple note taking app with Reflux, React, and Node.js. Continue reading %Creating a Note Taking App with React and Flux% ]]> 0 Why I Love AngularJS and You Should Too Wed, 08 Oct 2014 18:00:50 +0000 AngularJS is a JavaScript framework by Google which aims to simplify front end app development. If you are into developing Single Page Apps, I'm sure you've heard of it. I am a big fan of AngularJS (I even wrote a book about it!) and in this article I am going to outline five of the reasons why I love it so much. #1 Gives Structure to Your App #2 Two-way Data Binding #3 Directives #4 Templating with HTML #5 Embeddable, Injectable, and Testable AngularJS supports Dependency Injection out of the box. If you need something, you just ask Angular to inject it for you. It's that simple. This hugely improves testability, as you can easily mock the components during testing. Do you want to learn AngularJS? Learnable recently published my book, AngularJS : Novice to Ninja which gets you up to speed with AngularJS. We'll even cover the advanced concepts by building a Single Page Blogging app. Continue reading %Why I Love AngularJS and You Should Too% ]]> 18 Understanding ES6 Modules Tue, 23 Sep 2014 18:00:47 +0000 Modules are one of the most important features of any programming language. Sadly, JavaScript lacks this very basic feature. But, that doesn't stop us from writing modular code. We have two important standards, namely CommonJS and Asynchronous Module Definition (AMD) which let developers use modules in JavaScript. But, the next JavaScript version, known as ECMAScript 6, brings modules into JavaScript officially. Yes, modules are first class citizens in ES6. So, this article will give you a basic overview of how modules are used in ES6. In the end we will also see how to transpile your ES6 modules to ES5 so that they work in today's browsers. Working With a Simple Module Let's create a simple module that has two utility functions: 1. generateRandom() : Generates a random number. 2. sum() : Adds two numbers. Next, let's create a file named utility.js for the module: function generateRandom() { return Math.random(); function sum(a, b) { return a + b; export { generateRandom, sum } export {generateRandom as random, sum as doSum} Now, let's see how to consume the exported values in a different module. import { generateRandom, sum } from 'utility'; import { sum } from 'utility'; import 'utility' as utils; Continue reading %Understanding ES6 Modules% ]]> 8 Configuring Nginx and SSL with Node.js Tue, 16 Sep 2014 18:00:32 +0000 Nginx is a high performance HTTP server as well as a reverse proxy. Unlike traditional servers, Nginx follows an event driven asynchronous architecture. As a result the memory footprint is low and performance is high. If you are running a Node.js based web app you should seriously consider using Nginx as a reverse proxy. Nginx can be very efficient in serving static assets. For all other requests it will talk to your Node.js backend and send the response to the client. In this tutorial we will discuss how to configure Nginx to work with Node.js. We will also see how to setup SSL in the Nginx server. Installing Nginx Assuming you already have Node.js installed on your machine let's see how to install Nginx. Installation on Mac If you are on Mac you can use Homebrew to install Nginx easily. The steps are as following: • Homebrew needs the directory /usr/local to be chown'd to your username. So, run the following command in terminal first: sudo chown -R 'username here' /usr/local • Now the following two commands will install Nginx on your system. brew link pcre brew install nginx • Once the installation is complete you can type the following command to start Nginx: sudo nginx • The Nginx config file can be found here: /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf. Installation on Ubuntu If you are running Ubuntu you can use the following command to install Nginx: sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install nginx Once Nginx is installed it will start automatically. Installation on Windows For Windows, head over to the Nginx downloads page and get the zip. The next step is unzipping the archive and moving to the directory in the command prompt as following: Continue reading %Configuring Nginx and SSL with Node.js% ]]> 13 10 Tips to Make Your Node.js Web App Faster Mon, 25 Aug 2014 18:00:14 +0000 Node.js is already blazing fast thanks to its event driven and asynchronous nature. But, in the modern web just being fast is not enough. If you are planning to develop your next web app using Node.js you must take every possible step to make sure your app is faster than usual. This article presents 10 tips that are known to speed up your Node based web app tremendously. So, let's see each of them one by one. 1. Run in Parallel • The user profile - getUserProfile(). • The recent activity - getRecentActivity(). • Subscriptions - getSubscriptions(). • Notifications - getNotifications(). As we all know Node.js is very efficient in running multiple functions in parallel due to its asynchronous nature. We should take advantage of this. As the functions I mentioned above don't depend on each other we can run them in parallel. This will cut down the number of middlewares and improve the speed greatly. function runInParallel() { ], function(err, results) { //This callback runs when all the functions complete If you want to learn more about async.js be sure to check out the project's GitHub page. 2. Go Asynchronous // Asynchronous var content = buffer.toString(); // Synchronous Continue reading %10 Tips to Make Your Node.js Web App Faster% ]]> 6
How safe is voice recognition and fingerprint ID? As HSBC rolls out biometric identification for its customers, how do these methods work and can these systems be fooled? HSBC hopes to help clients by removing the need to remember passwords and codes when logging in. Photograph: A. T. Willett / Alamy/Alamy How safe is voice recognition and fingerprint ID? HSBC will become the first bank in the UK to roll out voice recognition technology for its telephone banking system to every customer, and it has also embraced fingerprint scanners for its smartphone app. But how do they work and are they safe? How does it work? It works in two ways. The HSBC and First Direct apps for the iPhone will use the built-in fingerprint scanner within the iPhone 5S, iPhone 6 or iPhone 6S to identify the user – the same way that it is used to unlock the phone and to authenticate purchases through Apple Pay. Over the telephone, the voice identification system monitors more than 100 unique identifiers in a person’s voice. These include the cadence, accent and pronunciation, as well as sounds that indicate the shape and size of the larynx, nasal passages and vocal tract. Is it going to make my life easier? HSBC hopes that voice recognition will remove the need to remember passwords, codes and some of the other identification information currently required for telephone banking. The Touch ID integration will also speed up logging into the mobile banking app, while helping keep it secure. How does voice recognition work? The technology provided by voice recognition firm Nuance builds a so-called “voice ID” from a quick training session, which records and analyses the way people say words, the sounds of their mouth, tongue, voice box and breathing. When the person then tries to log in they are asked to say a few words which are compared to the voice ID. Can it be fooled by a mimic? The way a voice sounds to the human ear is very different to the way it sounds to a computer. It may be possible to sound like another person, but it will be almost impossible to recreate all of the 100 or so physical and behavioural aspects of someone’s speech and voice ID. What if I’ve got a cold and my voice sounds different? The Voice ID system is robust enough to identify an individual even if they have a cold because it analyses so many markers in a person’s voice. Your accent, cadence, pronunciation and physical attributes do not change even if you’re a bit stuffed up. The same goes for when you have crappy phone reception, unless the call drops midway through. What if I’m out on the street or in a noisy office? Most smartphones have noise-cancellation technology built into them, which removes a significant proportion of ambient noise. The rest is dealt with by Nuance and its Voice ID system, meaning that noise is likely only to be an issue if you’re trying to log in when standing next to an air raid siren or similar. Do other banks use it? Other banks, including Barclays, have been using voice recognition for a limited number of customers for a couple of years. Barclays’ system, for instance, is only available to a subset of wealthy customers. No breaches through the use of voice recognition have been reported. Is your fingerprint safe? For an iPhone with Touch ID sensors under the home button, the fingerprint is stored securely within an encrypted section of the phone. When the user touches the home button, it compares the fingerprint to those recorded within the phone and then either grants or denies access. The fingerprint is never sent away from the phone or given to any company, not even Apple. Can you use a dead finger? No, your fingers are safe as long as the criminal knows the phone works. The Touch ID sensor uses two methods for reading a fingerprint. It uses a capacitive sensor, which detects the small electrical charge given off by your skin – the same technology a touchscreen uses to detect taps. But it also uses a radio frequency scanner to read the fingerprint on the living tissue a couple of layers beneath the top layer of your skin. This layer can only be read when living, hence a dead finger won’t work, unless it’s kept alive somehow. Can you hack the Touch ID sensor? The short answer is yes. The long answer is that it takes equipment and materials costing more than £1,000, the skills of a crime-scene investigator and a perfect, unsmudged full print from the correct finger you want to replicate. It is not something your average criminal is going to be able to pull off. What about other biometrics? Voice and fingerprints are just two forms of biometric identification. Other technologies that are currently in use and in development include: • Heart-rate recognition, which uses the unique beat pattern of each person’s heart. • Vein-pattern recognition, which detects the unique pattern of your veins under your skin, typically in your hand, wrist and arm. • Iris recognition, which uses a camera to photograph the pattern of your iris. • Retina recognition, which works in a similar way to vein-pattern recognition but within the eye. Most biometric systems beyond voice and fingerprint have yet to be adopted on a wider scale because they are not as user-friendly, fast or reliable outside of controlled environments. Other recognition systems have been developed that analyse our use of technologies such as a keyboard, mouse, touchscreen and other input devices. Small variations in the speed, pattern, pressure and usage of these tools can be used to identify an individual, although none have yet been implemented for something quite as serious as banking. I’ve seen action films where they pull someone’s eyeball out and use it to unlock a vault … Yeah, that’s not going to happen. Apart from the fact it’s quite difficult to remove an eyeball without damaging it, retina scanners typically need blood flow through the retina to work. Iris scanners also typically include the ability to detect whether the iris is moving – and it wouldn’t if it was disconnected from the body.
Wednesday, December 21, 2016 22nd December Class Today we looked into beats. Just like the musician that reads his music following a particular tempo, the beginning student of aikido too can practice using tempo. As uke attacks nage, nage takes that as the first beat. For nage to be successful, his harmonisation must occur in that first beat. Its better to have harmonise at zero beat, but for now, uniting with uke at the first beat should be the goal. If for example the attack is katatedori aihanmi. Nage cannot start his technique after uke has grabbed him. There is latent potential power within uke that immediately follows that grab, that would overwhelm nage who moved after that first beat. Instead, nage unites with nage at the first beat and the first contact and lead him into the technique. The second part of the class we concentrated on fulcrums. Again, this has a tie in to the first part of the lesson. In order to understand unity, we need to understand distinct parts of our power. Again using katatedori ai hanmi, nage tries to move uke using his shoulder as a fulcrum, then his elbows, then his wrist. Finally, he tries to reconcile uke's power on his arm and uses that connection as a fulcrum instead. Done right, nage is able to move uke with ease. We did explore a few key points on how to actually establish that connection. Simple things like making the connection gapless, not using bone to bone contact, stopping desire to move uke from overwhelming the movement, and other key basic principles being established beforehand. Monday, July 14, 2014 Searching for Balance Source unknown Balance is like a buzzword in martial arts. If you look at movies and books, everyone talks about balance. Whether its balance of your internal energy, balance of left and right, balance with the opponents... and so forth. Yet for all its ubiquity not much depth in explanation or exploration is given to this very important aspect of life. Osensei asked us or actually he told us, to observe nature is to study Aikido. (paraphrased). Well, again with these martial art saints, a one liner wisdom. So we have some students go out to nature, sometimes alone and sometimes with friends, to be with nature hoping that one time or another when he gets back to the dojo, Aikido's secret will open up to him somehow. It is true that a lot of wisdom is garnered from observation. In the past, masters seek inspiration from animals and the forest and wisdom. But those things have been there for a millennia. There's been billions of people too, so why aren't there billions or even millions of different martial arts? I believe though that for for most people, true observation is beyond them. If we cannot even observe our own body and mind and spirit, I doubt we have much to learn from observing nature itself. Right now, we are in the middle of the muslim's fasting month or ramadhan. Muslims around the world are observing fasting from before dawn to the after dusk each day, abstaining not only from food and water, but also other desires driven by the ego. Abstaining from 'wants' and 'desires' so to speak. They are also asked to perform more good deeds, such as charity, learning, helping and worship of all kinds. Yet this month is also in the pinnacle of the 2014 world cup. Life goes on too, we have work in the morning, traffic jams in the afternoon and the Palestinians are dying by the hundreds. Oops, it appears this blog now contains political inspiration and religious connotations. Where is the Aikido then? Well today, we are speaking about balance. True Aikido requires its assimilation in the daily life, and balance is a key component. Not just balance written in the first paragraph, but also a balance of self and others, of the worldly and the spiritual. When Osensei kept harping about spirituality as the key of unlocking Aiki, most of his students (I mean almost all of his students) just could not accept it. Some, true to human nature, mocked him quietly that the old man's lost his marbles. Yet, this is a fundamental aspect of human balance. The atheists and the secular would say their piece now, let them. I'm not judging and I'm not preaching. The purpose of writing here is to remind myself of my journey. Perhaps looking back at it in another 10 years, I might have gotten everything wrong... or then again, maybe it was the right step at the right time that will lead to my future progress. Who knows. There are money examples that we can find to make sense of this actually. A lot of people find faith strengthens them. But faith is meant to soften the heart as well, and .... harden it. We are asked to show mercy because God is merciful to us in his bounty and gifts. But we are taught to be merciless in fighting oppression and injustice. Being kind is not just by helping someone with money and food and love. Sometimes a greater kindness is to cut him up. A doctor saving a patient with gangrene may cut the person's leg off. Sure we understand its mercy now and its medicinal knowledge. But think about it... centuries back, no one knew. The first doctor to cut open his patient to conduct a heart surgery and a cornea surgery was a muslim doctor. (turkey or India, I can't remember). Back then it was a game changer. How could he have every convinced someone to allow him to cut their body open to fix it up? Yet again this violence done, it was done with knowledge and faith in that knowledge. That knowledge gained through hard work, experimentation and the gradual building up of experience through lesser components was also in the end Godsent. How true then the art of beheading for the samurai. The way to kill is not anything new. Hit a person's head with something hard enough and he will die for sure. But the Japanese have it down to an art level. Beautiful someone would say when watching a master wield his sword. Elegant. Simple and yet so deadly. Is the art of killing so beautiful that one would praise it? Life is not that cheap that it should be ended by a stab in the dark, a bullet in the head, a rope around the neck, a needle in the vein, or a missile in the dead of the night. To kill someone in combat with skill and faith in oneself is to appreciate death. To feel its close embrace, one would appreciate living all the more. When you can see your opponent's sweat, tears, pain and fear, you see a human being. It makes killing him all the more momentous. Because if you can emphatise with a human being, how would you be able to harm him. Harming another being is like harming yourself. Yet, if in harming this person you are doing great kindness, and you act with full conviction of faith that has its foundation on love and mercy, you shield yourself from destruction with spirituality. It is a fact that combat veterans comeback with many a disorder and malady. Research shows that in most modern military conflicts, at least a while back, that most soldiers shoot their enemies deliberately aiming to miss. and vice versa. That for most human beings, killing another is apprehensible and unnatural. For most of us, we would like to be kind and happy with other people. Think about it. Would you like to go out there and fight with a total stranger, or would you rather make new friends so that you can enjoy his company? That is why, when you do go to combat, you have to go there for the absolute right reasons. Human beings lie to each other, most human beings are selfish. We know that, because its a genetic make up to ensure our own survival... over other if need be. So you don't actually know whether going to combat is for the right reason especially if you are a career soldier where questions aren't asked. But a bushi... a bushi or a warrior is not a mindless beast. He has a mind and he has a heart and he needs his faith to justify and bolster him. A samurai is a servant to a higher ideal. He is not a gangster with a sword. He dispenses violence in the path of greater good. A person who actually does that will not find himself rotting inside and expressing this outwardly with hard to pronounce diseases. A person who is selfless and kills other human beings because of faith and conviction would have balanced his deed. And this understanding is desirous in our pursuit of martial arts. We cannot continue to learn a martial art like Aikido as if it is life's answer to everything. Like a dance routine with our partners. Like a temple to spew koans like a grasshopper's master. Like a hobby we get off after a long day. Aikido in all its temperament find its roots as a martial arts. Osensei may have told us about love and harmony. Yet what is harmony? I believe we have misunderstood harmony as rainbows and pink unicorns. Harmony is the balance and assimilation of the hard and soft. Skewed either way, and human life would be imbalanced. We would suffer within ourselves if the balance remains unaddressed. I don't mean to advocate killing and violence in our practice, but understanding it in our practice is crucial. Using it with faith when called upon is an absolute necessary. You cannot practice a warriors heart without tempering your heart to wilfully enter the path of upholding justice. In whatever form it takes, physical, words or mental, you must stand with the higher good. Otherwise there is no balance. Lastly, this is also the path of Aiki. Aiki is neither soft or hard. But appropriate. Wednesday, October 16, 2013 Receiving shomenuchi - The Three Ways Firstly, the truth of why you are seeing less and less of my postings here is that I'm taking more time to digest my lessons. Learning now takes longer and while at times I feel I understand certain things better, I also realise that I still don't understand enough. Anyway, in today's training I was thinking of the three ways we meet shomenuchi. 1. The wave 2. Opening the door 3. The irimi cut Before this, I've taken all three as seperate methods or techniques. But as I explored it today, I feel I understand that the three are levels of the same thing. With the wave, the no 2 won't work as well. Without no 2, no 3 wouldn't work either. In the wave, the attackers power is diminished upwards upon contact. And we follow this with a cut through his center using our center as impetus. The sword doesn't cleave, it shears and so should our center movement. In opening the door, for it to work we cannot wait for contact. The wave must be implemented well before contact and this as his power dimishes, we can safely contact his attacking hand and at that point in time, use chushin to move his center away. In 3, we cannot irimi and cut without diminishing uke's power and then changing his line of attack using no 2, and only then irimi and cut. If you try to avoid uke's cut by sidestepping, inevitably, the uke will change direction to follow suit, Well practice this more. For now, its bed time to reflect. Saturday, March 2, 2013 Kenjutsu seminar March 2013 This is going to be a real quick post for the current seminar I'm having, a sort of forget me notes come sharing. There's a lot of nuggets of information he is sharing and its great to experience koryu based kenjutsu training. For those of you still practicing aiki ken only, it'll be a good step up from there. I'll probably do a rewrite soon after this. But don't expect any photos or videos. Too busy training to get any of that.... Practise without opening the mind is wasted energy. With goals and laced with principles the practise is a step by step method of approaching mastery. Winning is reward of concentration. Concentration is like a tight beam of light. As you shine it to various spots in the darkness, you will eventually be aware of the entire surrounding. As practitioners of budo we must pay attention to that. Gripping the sword at the hon line or natural line. The sword is held by sticky hands. Awase. The little finger holds it in place and has a small hollow. kesa is the angle temple to nose. Neck to armpit. Elbow to hip. Etc. Sword to draw is held at kesa. Thumb is removed from tsunami maintaining oblique position and is now releasing the ken from the saya. Butt of sword faces opponent. This is maintained when transferring from right to left. Tsuba is always guarded by thumb. The peak of a draw has the sword above the head. Employ ki ken tai. Body never moves before the sword. Cutting is stopped using the wing muscle of the draw hand. Body is now oblique. At kamae the situation is reversed. Left hand is strong. Right is soft and guiding. The cut is soft hard soft but always leading through the little finger. Ki extends outwards. Drawing also uses the chest, not the hands. Sinking is employed. Curve of the sword is maintained at all times. The sword feels like its been thrown and then held back. 12 tanjo techniques. 1. Right leg back. Lock elbow. Hon te. Overhand swing with step in. Follow strike. 2. Right leg forward. Retreat suriashi. Hand comes around and strikes. Follow up. 3. Left leg fwd. Drop with right knee fwds. Right hand holds up tanjo midsection. Strikes elbows as in wave. Strike body with left hand. Rise up to the right controlling the elbow. 4. Right leg fwds. Strike upwards follow up with high barai with left leg step in. Left hand at temple guard. Strike. Drop hands to control sword. Trap ankle with left feet. Strike armpit. 5. Uchi. Three steps end left feet fwd. Hold tanjo lower. Kaiten. Irimi with strike. Left hand comes upward and replaces right hand. Ikkyo. 6. Left leg fwd. Switch feet drop to knee strike solar. 7. Right leg fwd. Suriashi back. Strike solar. 8. Upwards strike to displace ken. 9. Upwards strike but off line. Hit ken and hit right temple. 10. Uke is drawing and kesa giri. Step back with kesa guard. Hit twice. 11. Left leg kneeling with strike to shin. Stand up strike elbow ans body. 12. Tanjo behind neck. Maai. Nage feints cut and tsuki. Parry left and enter body strike. Sent from Samsung Mobile Wednesday, January 2, 2013 Some Gifs of Sensei's latest Aiki Intensives December 2012 The techniques shown are a variation. They are more circular as opposed to sharp/straight cuts we are more used to. Saturday, November 24, 2012 How are we learning? Image from A couple of weeks back, I returned to UK for a short holiday. There, I managed to visit my old sensei's John and Sarah, and their ex-master Sensei Kolesnikov. It was as always an enjoyable training. Somehow I feel invigorated and excited whenever I train in my old dojo... perhaps it was because of the Ki Aikido slant, or perhaps of their unique way of teaching and training. Anyway, I've sensed the changes a few years back in terms of their relationship between the two dojos. But it was a closure for me to actually talk to them about it. For John and Sarah, they felt the need to improve themselves pushed them into breaking away from the main dojo to explore the art with other sensei's... and not necessarily with those of the Ki Society and its ilk. Having met with Ikeda Sensei and a few others in Europe, they felt that what they had was too constraining. And so they left to pursue this knowledge elsewhere. Without a doubt, there may always come that time when we feel our paths branches away from those who are with us. All of us have our own journey to make and sometimes those paths may align together, sometimes not. John and Sarah felt the draw of new found knowledge and felt that growth can come from there. This is one way of learning. Learning from a new perspective, or learning new techniques, methods, skill. This way of learning expands your skill set. Yet, through it all, I felt that their Aikido has not far detract from their original school. The fudo genri is embedded into their being that the Aikido they do is more familiar than different. Visiting Sensei K's dojo the next day, I honestly think what I just said is true. The mould is set and their style is no different then their previous master. However, Sensei K has not waited or petrified his Aikido as well. Whilst he has not ventured into different ways to practice his Aikido, or looking outwards as it were, he has to some extent look inwards. The outwards that I mentioned earlier is looking beyond your existing knowledge. Looking from somebody else to teach you something new. Looking inwards, is delving into the existing knowledge. Trying to refine it or explore it in different ways. So with Sensei K, he does the latter... perhaps venturing a bit into dance, into spirituality, or gaining insight from research. Both methods of learning are valid. As a new born, our first task is to learn new things. As quickly as we can. At the same time, practicing each new thing until we master it... during this time our progress and knowledge gathering is at its peak. It gets harder and harder to learn new things as we grow up. We can attribute this to gradual increase of difficulty in our knowledge curve, or memory loss, or lack of time, or our own mental blocks i.e. set and myopic views, etc. But when we were most innocent, knowledge came rapidly. Our choice day to day, is to either keep learning or hold tight to what we have. Sometimes you can see that people refuse to acknowledge something new because it goes contrary to their current knowledge or beliefs. In refusing to open their mind, they lie in themselves but are comforted by the unchanged state the find themselves in. For most, a strange new idea is very frightening indeed. How do we learn? Do we keep on doing the same things again and again? Go to dojo, back home, go to dojo, back home. Day in day out, week in week out and for years... do we find ourselves in the same cave? Or do we think on what we do? Reflect how it works? Remember and think about the messages and clues our teachers gave us? Do we practice to get better or to defeat Uke? We have to keep this in mind everytime we practice. Its very important especially in Aikido where learning comes from feeling our partner out. If we kept practicing selfishly, i.e. imposing our will as nage upon uke, we will never change for the better. We may get fit and stronger, but Aikido may forever be beyond our grasp. Instead, from feeling comes understanding. Think about sorewaza kokyuho. A most basic but very important exercise we do each session. What is it about two hands parallel grab whilst kneeling that can be important enough that Osensei always had it in his classes? It doesn't even make sense in reality. Yet it holds the key to all of Aikido. For my level, I feel its understanding energy and power. We want to move uke but without 'wanting' or 'using' power. Instead we must feel his power and return it to him. How do we do this? Imagine a walkalator. If you stood on a walkalator heading your way, then you need not do anything but you will move forward. But if you were to walk against a walkalators direction, you'll most likely be held in place or at the best, expending tremendous effort to move forwards as opposed to walking normally on the ground. And that is how Uke is holding us. A walkalator in the opposite direction. So how do we use his power instead of ours? Imagine the walkalator as a conveyor belt. Even as it moves forwards on one side, the bottom side returns to its source. Thus his walkalator is in fact two directions. Similarly, uke's energy is like that too. His hands may be pushing against you, but there is a return path. Curiously enough you may use the bottom of the walkalator as an honest analogy of the energy path. Don't push against his direction, instead use his return energy and move forward. You will find that sorewaza forms the basis of all Monday, July 16, 2012 The Progression from Unification of Self to Unification of Others We know that fudo genri is closely related to the first level of Aikido which is unification of self. But I think I get how important Chushin really is now. Learning to feel center, to be relaxed, to move without wanting to move, to extend ki all leads to establishing a good centerline. With that, movement becomes Aikido movement. Without chushin being the backbone, we are just like jelly fish no matter how much muscle or speed we put into our movements. If we only know how important kamae and sorewaza really is. And I'm beginning to appreciate kata dori more and more. And Ikkyo, wow. How did such a boring technique become so so Important? Even more so than iriminage! One would have thought that iriminage is so much more useful, but hey...Without proper Ikkyo, it's doubtful you could even enter into iriminage. If you're still pushing your ikkyo, then its high time to start practicing more cuts. And then, all those exercises with our partner. Those attacks. We get to feel their ki, their tension, their muscles, their balance, their center. And then we learn to manipulate this using our centerline, and we also learn to connect our center to theirs. Then we learn to move their center with ours. And later we learn to move it from feeling. Then quite possibly later, we get to feel his center even without physical contact and then even to move his center from that distance. This is just wonderful! An art that constantly has layers upon layers for us to explore and discover. Its just great. I don't care if I'll ever use it or not, just by having the chance to practice this is reward enough for me. I wonder how and what I will discover in Unifying with the universe level...I know its still a long way to go. But will I hear the Sound of Earth? Will I hear the Sound of Heaven? And after that...
Thursday, November 11, 2010 Raising Veggie Lovers for Life A recent report - the 2010 State of the Plate by the Produce for Better Health Foundation reveals why focusing on fruit and veggies snacks is as important today as it was when we created our FIT KIDS = HAPPY KIDS poster in 2004. Most Americans consume anywhere from 30% to 80% of their recommended number of vegetables in a typical day. Only 6.4% of the population achieves their target for vegetable consumption in an average day. Only 8% of children, 7% of adult males, and 5% of adult females achieve their targeted goals. The picture is less favorable for fruit. Two out of 10 individuals don’t consume even 10% of their recommended amount; two thirds don’t even consume 50% of their target. Just 7.6% achieve their fruit target in a typical day. Of note, children are most likely to achieve their recommended amount of fruit: 12% do so compared with only 7% of adult females and 5% of adult males. Keep in mind, however, that the consumption targets are lower for younger children. So how can we raise kids who love to eat their veggies (and fruit). I believe that it is possible (even easy) to raise kids who enjoy eating a wide variety of vegetables. The secret is to never bribe or threaten them about eating green or orange things. I suggest to parents and other caretakers that they follow as many of these simple steps as possible: Enjoy a variety of vegetables yourself. The most important thing that parents, grandparents, and other caregivers can do for children’s eating is to model healthy habits. If you enjoy eating a wide variety of foods, including vegetables, children will see it as the normal thing to do. There’s no need to make a big deal about your enjoyment, just make vegetables a tasty part of every meal. Grow a small (or large) vegetable garden. Savvy adults know that the taste of freshly picked vegetables can’t be beat. Kids love to pick and eat almost anything that they have ‘grown themselves.’ Deliciously fresh vegetables can come from a container on the porch, a backyard plot, or your local community garden. Bottom line: If they help you grow it, they will eat it. Cut vegetables up for meals and snacks. Children usually prefer the taste and texture of raw vegetables over cooked ones. Make a small plate of bite-sized veggies (broccoli trees, baby carrots, celery sticks, cucumbers slices, sweet pepper pieces, or sugar snap pea pods) a standard offering at every meal. Add some low fat Ranch dip and kids will naturally get into a crunchy, healthy habit. Serve bright, colorful vegetables. Everyone eats with their eyes first. When vegetables are bright and colorful, they are naturally more appealing to children and adults alike. Overcooked, mushy veggies are likely to turn everyone off. When cooking vegetables, keep them brightly colored (and crunchy in texture) by steaming or microwaving for just a few minutes. Be adventurous with vegetables. When children see veggies as tasty and fun, they are much more likely to enjoy eating them. Buying new items, trying new recipes, and playing games are easy ways to make nutrition fun for children. Need ideas for making vegetables more adventurous in your kitchen? Visit for recipes, games, coloring sheets, and more! 1. Vegetables are very good for our health. I always see to it there is a vegetable in our meal every day. Fruits are should also be present. nutritionist San Antonio 2. Great practical tips. I have found that I must continue to offer new foods to my children, even multiple times in order to get them excited about it. Also, start offering vegetables early! Swiss chard is my two year old's favorite. I started offering that to him before age one. Don't wait--food tastes begin early and change often.
Saturday, November 15, 2008 Schrodinger's Cat In the world of quantum mechanics, the laws of physics that are familiar from the everyday world no longer work. Instead, events are governed by probabilities. A radioactive atom, for example, might decay, emitting an electron, or it might not. It is possible to set up an experiment in such a way that there is a precise fifty-fifty chance that one of the atoms in a lump of radioactive material will decay in a certain time and that a detector will register the decay if it does happen. Schrödinger, as upset as Einstein about the implications of quantum theory, tried to show the absurdity of these implications by imagining such an experiment set up in a closed room, or box, which also contains a live cat and a phial of poison, so arranged that if the radioactive decay does occur then the poison container is broken and the cat dies. In the everyday world, there is a fifty-fifty chance that the cat will be killed, and without looking inside the box we can say, quite happily, that the cat inside is either dead or alive. But now we encounter the strangeness of the quantum world. According to the theory, neither of the two possibilities open to the radioactive material, and therefore to the cat, has any reality unless it is observed. The atomic decay has neither happened nor not happened, the cat has neither been killed nor not killed, until we look inside the box. Theorists who accept the pure version of quantum mechanics say that the cat exists in some indeterminate state, neither dead nor alive, until an observer looks into the box to see how things are getting on. Nothing is real unless it is observed. 1 comment: 1. Andrew, Have you given any thought to Hugh Everett's Many Worlds theory with regards to quantum mechanics - the cat might be both dead and alive, as opposed to neither.
A Blog for the Curious and the Scientifically Perplexed Monday, May 7, 2007 The Biggest Day in History: The Big Bang “Albert, How long have we been travelling?” Oh a thousand years or so. “That’s impossible?” “Well, it seems like no time at all.” Time, like most things in life, is relative. Talk to a pretty girl for an hour and it seems like a minute. Sit on a hot stove for a minutes, it seems like an eternity. “So what year is it now on Earth?” Let me check my watch…it’s the year 4BC. “Four years to go until Jesus Christ is born.” You’d think so wouldn’t you, but it seems that with all the messing around with calendars over the years and history being a bit woolly, things got a bit out of sync. It seems that Jesus was probably born four years earlier than he should. Around now in fact. “How can you mess with time, and lose four years?” Oh, it’s not so hard. History is what happens while people are just getting on with their lives. By the time history has become important time has moved on, and people’s memories aren’t as good as they think. As for messing with time, how about leap years? Every four years an extra day appears out of nowhere? “Well it seems easier to get an extra day than loose one.” In England in 1752 they lost eleven days. Wednesday September 2nd was followed by Thursday September14th when they changed the calendar to get back in step with the rest of Europe. Before that the English and the French couldn't even agree on what date it was. So time and dates can’t really be relied on, but sometime around this date back on Earth, three old men are on a journey too, trekking across Asia following a star. “The star of Bethlehem! Was that a real star or just a story?” Well that’s a big question that we sadly don’t know. There are lot’s of theories. It could have been a real star that suddenly exploded, or another bright object like some of the planets lining up or a comet. When we get near to Earth we’ll have a closer look at comets and planets, but for now no-one really knows. “But Jesus’s birthday, that’s a big day in history even if they did get the date wrong.” Not as big as the biggest day. “What day was bigger than that?” Well, the day the universe was born. “You mean all this hasn’t always been here?” It’s been here a very long time but not forever. We now think the Universe had its own birthday; the Big Bang. "The Big Bang? We've been travelling through space for a thousand years and I haven’t heard a thing, apart from you talking in my head of course.” Well, as we are imaging ourselves to be photons we don't have ears anymore. Also the Big Bang was around fourteen billion years ago and sound waves don't travel in space. "Why not?" Because sound waves are just vibrations in air or water or whatever they are travelling through. Without water there can’t be waves in the ocean and without air can’t be sound waves in space. There is no such thing as a sound particle. “All those crashes and explosions in the Star Wars films wouldn’t really happen?” Not at all. War in space would be totally silent, though I do hope by the time humans are flying around the galaxy for real they have come to realise that war is pointless. "What about us, how can we… well how can light travel through space?" We exist in our own right, we're photons, light particles. That's why we can travel through a vacuum like space. Don’t worry I’ll explain all about what light is and how it travels later. "So what exactly was this silent Big Bang all about?" The Big Bang was the start of everything when all the matter in the universe and space itself suddenly came into existence in one place which was very, very hot; about a trillion degrees or so. From this first huge explosion of creation, everything started expanding in all directions and the universe has been expanding ever since. The Big Bang is the cosmological version of the creation story in the Bible. In the bible God had six days to create heaven and earth and one to rest. In the science version the pattern of the next few billion years was sorted out in the first thousandth of a second, everything after that is supposed to be following physical rather than divine laws. Talking of God, I have to confess something about the Big Bang. When I first heard ideas like this I thought it was bunkum, complete nonsense. “How did you think the universe started?” Well, I thought like you that it had always been there and always would be. I had never asked myself the question of where it came from. Then a young Russian mathematician, Alexander Alexandrovich Friedman, tried to show that my own equations allowed the universe to be expanding. That was back in 1922. “What did you do?” To my shame I assumed he must be wrong and wrote a letter saying as much. Then a year later I re-checked and found out his calculations were right and it was possible that the universe could expand, but I still didn’t believe that it really was expanding. No-one else seemed to believe it either until a young Jesuit priest, Georges-Henri Lemaître, from Belgium who was studying physics went one step further. 1. gaz said... so, where did the matter and space itself (the ingredients) come from that caused the big bang? Javier Prato said... They came into existence the same way as an atomic bomb creates and expands radiation. Anonymous said... Is that tha reason everyone looks short. Anonymous said... is there a limit to the distance light can travel Nasser said... الذاريات (آية:47): والسماء بنيناها بايد وانا لموسعون In the Holy Quran, in (51:47), above in Arabic, the Creator says; We built the sky by hands and We are expanding it. That was 1400 years ago. Anonymous said... " A fool can cast a stone into the sea and one hundred wise men can not get it out. The same is true with stupid ideas: once a stupid idea is started it can never be abandoned." Anonymous said... Its as if we were inside a concrete cage with only a small opening to see out of and no intelect to manifest a way to see into the cage from the outside. No way to change our matter to go through the portal to escape inner space. Post a Comment
Ayurvedic Principles There are many imortant principles that form the basis of Ayurveda. One set of principles areIdeas about the relationships among people, their health, and the universe.This helps form the basis for how Ayurvedic practitioners think about problems that affect health. Ayurveda holds that: Ayurveda also has some basic principles about the body's constitution. "Constitution" refers to a person's general health, how likely he is to become out of balance, and his ability to resist and recover from disease or other health problems. An overview of these beliefs follows. • Three qualities called doshas form important characteristics of the constitution, and control the activities of the body. Practitioners of Ayurveda call the doshas by their original Sanskrit names: vata, pitta, and kapha. It is also believed that: • Each dosha is made up of one or two of the five basic elements: space, air, fire, water, and earth. • Each dosha has a particular relationship to body functions and can be upset for different reasons. • A person has her own balance of the three doshas, although one dosha usually is prominent. Doshas are constantly being formed and reformed by food, activity, and bodily processes. • Each dosha is associated with a certain body type, a certain personality type, and a greater chance of certain types of health problems. • An imbalance in a dosha will produce symptoms that are related to that dosha and are different from symptoms of an imbalance in another dosha. Imbalances may be caused by an unhealthy lifestyle or diet; too much or too little mental and physical exertion; or not being properly protected from the weather, chemicals, or germs. In summary, it is believed that a person's chances of developing certain types of diseases are related to the way doshas are balanced, the state of the physical body, and mental or lifestyle factors.
CPAP machines are often used for the patients who have sleep apnea. Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder, the patient has pauses in breathing or breathing becomes shallow during sleep. These pauses can occur 5 to 30 times an hour. It usually causes loud snort or choking sound. Patients who suffer from sleep apnea often move out of deep sleep to light sleep when their breathing pauses. This problem effects on the entire day’s routine because it results in poor sleep quality and makes them bushed and sleepy throughout the day. It affects the overall performance of the patients. Usually sleep apnea goes undiagnosed because doctors cannot detect the condition during normal day time visits and there are no blood tests for this problem as well. Mostly patients of OSP do not know that they have it because it occurs during sleep. The roommate or a family member can notice the signs first. There are mainly three types of sleep apnea which are central, obstructive and mixed sleep apnea. Here I will only discuss the Obstructive type of sleep disorder. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSP) Out of the three types the most common is obstructive sleep apnea. In obstructive sleep apnea the airway collapses during deep sleep and the effort to take a breath is unsuccessful, due to unsuccessful breathing the level of oxygen in blood decreases and the body wakes up to take a breath. This can affect the efficiency of the person so CPAP machines are used to deal with this problem. OSP is more common in men. According to a research OSP affects about 4% of men and about 2% in women. So men are more likely to have this problem but after the age of 50 the risk is the same in both. It is very common in obese people. CPAP machine is the most common treatment for such patients as it gives continuous airway pressure therapy to the patient. You can find several types of CPAP machines with different features. Symptoms of OSP The patients of OSP usually face the problem of day sleepiness, repeated naps, headaches, fatigue, insomnia, irritability and weak memory. Patients of OSP usually have these problems as there is no blood test for this problem to detect. Usually the sleep partner or close family members can detect this during the sleep time of the patients. Causes of OSP There can be different causes for this problem but all of them are related to breathing because it occurs when enough does not move into your lungs while you are sleeping. It happens when the throat muscles and tongue relaxes more than normal, the person is overweight or the tonsil and adenoids are large and at times it happens because of the shape of head and neck of a person. What Is Obstructive Sleep Apnea? by Salma Owais
Democracy is really a Greek term indicating “popular sovereignty”, an idea that was born in historical time, if the ideal minds of humanity were striving to understand the heritage of social enhancement, constructing philosophical systems and jobs of most suitable long run. Discussions round the democracy notion had been persisting all of the time of society’s existence. Everlasting human drive to make a truthful social system gave beginning to a number of humanists and bloody dictators; provoked bold reforms and losing wars. Humanity elaborated dozens of arguments in favor of democracy and no considerably less arguments opposing the democratic construction of culture. On the historical Greece as much as the French Revolution, democracy was comprehended primarily “quantitatively”. As per Plato and Aristotle, the strategy of democracy is known as a type of point out electrical power organizing, when this electrical power belongs not to a single particular person or perhaps a team of people but to all associates of culture. Aristotle (320 BC) put into use the primary qualitative standards analyzing the degree of democracy displaying the significance for the “who” and “how” manages the culture. Nonetheless, even in ancient Greece, philosophers didn’t see quite a bit distinction between the democracy and ochlocracy though the sovereign rulers and senators could effectively deceive a credulous crowd using everyday people to activity the ability “pro domo sua”. Rethinking with the democracy approach in a beneficial way came about through the French Revolution, once the electricity was captured with the bourgeoisie and effectively carried out in social everyday life. Nevertheless, researchers and politicians had diverse understanding of trendy democracy, they recognized the supremacy of “popular sovereignty” as being the core idea of democratic modern society. English thinker, economist and general public person John Stuart Mill was threatened because of the unrestricted democracy thinking of it as “tyranny from the majority” preferring “poverty in a democratic state into a satisfied lifetime in monarchy” for the reason that “freedom is healthier than slavery” Modern political authorities define democracy to be a form of political social firm, depending on the recognition in the inescapable fact that electrical power is vested inside the people today, who may have the direct legal rights and liberties to working out it within the frames of a coursework service uk no cost election platform. Everyone knows the prominent terms of Abraham Lincoln that democracy is “a federal government of the persons, via the everyday people, and with the many people.” What the heck is modern day democracy in its recent interpretation? What, the reality is, attracts us in democracy? Desire to rule the condition cannot be an only rationalization. We look into that don’t just participation in election is significant for each personal but quite an opportunity to just take an lively element in country’s social lifespan and political decision-making system. By far the most very important traits of democracy is respect for individuality and its liberties, recognition of human dignity, honest mind-set to all customers of culture, at the very least these conditions are initiated inside the preamble from the Common Declaration of Human Rights. Democracy presupposes equality of all citizens independent of their skin coloration, sexual intercourse, language, religious views, social standing and political choices. Equality we comprehend as the equality of chances and equality well before legislation. Democratic routine will allow a person managing condition, expressing unique impression and be read because of the governing powers. Can it be definitely so in engineered democratic societies? Brzezinski expressed issue that “the advancement of democratic societies would formulate a powerful social ethos hostile to individuality”. What are the outcome of recent democracy? We can illustrate them on rather simple examples. Democracy occasionally delegate the legal rights of decision-making technique to customers who will be not capable plenty of for making them or absence details to get goal. It gets to be potential mainly because a voter can be easily deceived by picturesque claims from the candidate in the course of an election campaign. Democracy will allow specific powerful circles boost passions of the picked applicant at the cost of other society customers. The target of any political structure is gaining power, applying all the to choose from devices, obviously in the voters’ expenditures. Then again, voters could possibly be unsuspicious with the point that their dough or trust are misused. Democracy encourages dispute, which may reflect negatively in the authority from the potential. We frequently experience instances when the place has each of the conventional “claims” of democracy, still, with the actuality, individuals have nothing at all to carry out with power or person liberties, as an example, the previous Soviet Union formally as reported by Constitutional norms was fairly a democratic state; in point of fact it had been an authoritative dictatorship. Concluding our argumentation, we’ve got to state that democratic methods are decided, they are customary, even so, we have been unsure they will bring about any definite end result, very first of all, good result and to the real “popular sovereignty”. The democracy theory is still very often misused and misinterpreted especially when dictatorships, communist or navy regimes endeavor to pin labels of “democracy” on badly shaped political structures. So the phrases of Winston Churchill that “democracy could be the worst method of governing administration, except for all people other varieties that have been tried from time for you to time” proves to become burning up to now since modern day democracy phenomenon remains to be far in the ultimate philosophical rules of historical Greeks. Posted in Uncategorized.
Caring for My Braces While wearing braces, it is important to maintain good oral hygiene throughout the length of your treatment. Braces, wires, bands, and retainers can all trap food particles and make it difficult to brush or floss away the plaque. Careful brushing and flossing after every meal and snack is the best way to prevent cavities and plaque build-up that can extend the treatment time. 1. Start out with the outside teeth, with the brush at a straight angle. Use circular, vibrating motions. 2. Clean the area between the gums and braces by angling the brush down (up from your lower jaw). Keep moving in a circular motion. 3. Clean the rest of the outside of the teeth by angling the brush up(down from the lower jaw). 4. Carefully brush the chewing surface of both the upper and lower jaw. 5. Finish by brushing the inside of the teeth. 1. Floss at least once a day. The floss needs to be pulled under the archwire. A floss threader facilitates this. Start pulling floss through the threader. 2. Pull the end of the floss threader under the archwire and pull the floss through. 3. Pull the floss up and down between the teeth and gently move up and down the side of both the teeth. Remember to move it up all the way under the gums. 4. Pull the floss out and use a different section on the next tooth. An interdental toothbrush (proxabrush) is another aid you may find useful in keeping your teeth, braces, and gums healthy. It can be used to clean under orthodontic wires and around braces. Use this device slowly and carefully, so you do not damage your braces. After your braces have been removed and you are wearing a retainer, it is important to brush your retainer every time you brush your teeth as they can accumulate food particles and plaque. Once a day, you should soak your retainer in a glass of room-temperature tap water with a denture-cleaning tablet, such as Polident or Efferent. This will help prevent plaque build-up and oral infections and will keep your retainer fresh. Do not use hot water is it can distort your appliance.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition Cover image for Vol. 56 Issue 35 Online ISSN: 1521-3773 [More press releases] Press Release Angewandte Chemie International Edition , doi: 10.1002/anie.201105068 Nr. 39/2011 October 5, 2011 Synthetic Cells Ion exchange leads to complex cell systems with inorganic membranes Contact: Leroy Cronin, University of Glasgow (UK) Registered journalists may download the original article here: Modular Redox-Active Inorganic Chemical Cells: iCHELLs Synthetic Cells - Ion exchange leads to complex cell systems with inorganic membranes © Wiley-VCH Membranes for synthetic compartments are normally made from high-molecular-weight polymers by aggregation on a surface. In contrast, the iCHELL membranes are made from low-molecular-weight building blocks at the interface of two aqueous solutions. One aqueous solution is simply injected into a second. Solution 1 contains polyoxometallate clusters, tiny “clumps” made of several transition metal atoms, oxygen atoms, and sometimes others. For example, the researchers used a phosphotungstate, a negatively charged cluster in which a phosphorus atom is surrounded by twelve tungsten and 40 oxygen atoms. The counterions are small positively charged ions, such as protons or sodium ions. Solution 2 contains a compound made of large positively charged organic ions, for example aromatic ring systems, and small negatively charged counterions. When the two solutions come into contact, the ion pairs immediately undergo an exchange of partners: While the two small partners stay in solution, the two large ions come together and aggregate to form a thin membrane because they become insoluble when paired. This forms a cell enclosed by a membrane. Choosing different ions allows for the thickness and permeability of the membrane to be varied. The membrane can also be given functionality. For example, it is possible to select building blocks that catalyze chemical reactions or recognize specific target molecules. The use of microfluidic systems (chips with tiny fluid-filled channels) makes it possible to easily produce the cells in large numbers, which is a prerequisite for technical applications. Potential uses include encapsulated catalysts in which the membrane would selectively allow the substrate to enter the cell to react. More complex cell systems can also be made: Simply injecting another solution containing a suitable ion into a cell produces a “cell within a cell”. Such systems could be used as vessels for multistep reactions. However, the biggest goal is the formation of synthetic chemical cells with properties that resemble those of living systems. The scientists hope to gain some indication of how life was able to develop in an inorganic world billions of years ago, and whether it is possible to use the iCHELLS as a platform to develop non-organic “inorganic biology” in the laboratory. (2909 characters)
Sale High School sets homework as a way of helping you make increased progress in lessons. Homework caters for a range of learning styles and provides students with tasks relevant to a students needs. Parents are a vital support in this process and can help you organise time and make sure students have a suitable place to do your homework. Homework is set by individual class teachers at least once a week per subject (some subjects have more lessons per week and so set more homework). Form tutors complete regular planner checks and will inform parents if you are not doing your homework. Each Head of House monitors a sample of planners and any causes for concern are followed through. Supporting your child at home Supporting your child with homework is a vital to ensuring the best outcome for them as they progress through school, it also allows you to see if there are any area of concerns that you thinkt he school needs to be made aware of. Some of the ways you can support your child are below: Regularly login to 'Show My Homework' So your child knows that you are keeping well-informed and are monitoring their homework closely. Help your child to organise their time so they meet the published homework deadlines. Show a positive interest in the work that your child is doing so that they know you are placing great value on it. You don’t have to be able to do the work yourself but you can praise work they have put a great deal of effort into and tell them if you spot anything that could be improved. Ensure that your child has a good homework area. It needs a flat surface, a good light source and the following resources available: pen, pencil, ruler, colouring pencils, paper, dictionary, scissors, glue and internet access when needed. Help your child become an independant learner. Explain how to look up information or find a word in a dictionary rather than simply giving them the answer in order to get the task finished. Limit screen time Turn off the television and take your child’s phone off them while they are working. Limiting screen time will help to create opportunities for them to complete homework and mobile phones can be a massive distraction for a young person who is trying to work on a challenging task. Check their work to see if it really is the best that they can do. Is it well presented on good quality paper? Are drawings in pencil, writing in pen and would colour improve it? Is written work detailed and well explained? Have they used a dictionary or spellcheck to check any spellings? Frequently Asked Quesions What should I do if we are having difficulty accessing 'Show my Homework'? Contact the school network manager, Mr Chandler What should I do if my child is not completing his or her homework? In most cases a conversation and monitoring will be enough. If not, some parents will choose to incentivise homework completion with praise or rewards while others will choose to issue sanctions at home when homework is not completed. What should we do if we do not have internet access? The school library has a large number of computers which are available for students to use to complete homework at break, lunch and after school. Local public libraries also have computers available for public use. What should we do if my child has been absent when a homework task has been set? The homework will have been published on Show My Homework so there is no need for a child to fall behind on homework as well as classwork. He or she should complete the task and see the teacher if there are any essential materials that have not been made available online. What should I do if my child has not been able to complete their homework for a genuine reason? Write a note or send an e-mail to the class teacher so they know your child has a genuine reason. What should I do if I am concerned about the homework being set for my child? In the first instance contact the class teacher for that subject. If it is a wider or persistent concern contact Mr Reeve.
Wednesday, November 23, 2016 Thanksgiving Menu Fraction Practice Yesterday was our last day before Thanksgiving Break, and I wanted to do something a little bit holiday themed that was grounded in real-life application and still incorporated the fraction work we've been doing lately. So, I came up with the idea that we were going to cook Thanksgiving side dishes for 50 people (the school staff, local fire departments, etc.). My students were paired up in groups of four. Each group was given a recipe for mashed potatoes (thanks Pioneer Woman), corn pudding (kids thought this sounded gross), green bean casserole (most of my students had never heard of this - WHAT!!!???!!!), and pumpkin pie. Each person was responsible for one side dish. Note: The traditional Campbell's Green Bean Recipe was hard, as it calls for cups of green beans. Note x2: Everybody thought corn pudding sounded disgusting and wanted nothing to do with that recipe. Here are the recipes I chose (courtesy Pioneer Woman and Students each had a copy of the recipe, then they multiplied the ingredients up so that the recipe would serve 48-50 people (mashed potatoes serve 50, everything else 48 people). This helped students practice multiplying fractions as well as converting between mixed numbers and improper fractions. We also did a little conversion here with teaspoons to tablespoons, etc. Then, students had to write-up their recipe on an index card along with summarized steps. I shared with them that it is common, when sizing up a recipe, that you record the final amounts so you don't have to re-do all the calculations again. Next, students had to make a grocery list using the template below: To find prices, we used the website of our local grocery chain, Food City. They have pick-up grocery ordering, so every item is searchable on-site and includes pricing information. Note x3: Kids really don't know much about grocery shopping. Multiple kids thought pot pie was an acceptable pie shell. When students needed something like 2 tablespoons of cinnamon, they thought they'd need to buy 2 bottles of cinnamon spice. In other words, this was a very practical, helpful exercise for students. However, they desperately need more work with things like this. Making a note for later...
Articles on Volcanology Displaying all articles Spotting ancient volcanoes of Britain. University of Bristol British volcanologist wins earth sciences ‘Nobel’ prize A British volcanologist has won one of the most prestigious awards in science – the Vetlesen Prize, which is considered to be the earth sciences equivalent of the Nobel Prize. Stephen Sparks of the University… Phreatic eruption: Mount Ontake. EPA/Ministry of Land, Infrastructure Why Japan’s deadly Ontake eruption could not be predicted Mount Ontake, Japan’s second-highest volcano, erupted killing at least 31 people on September 27. Since then, there has been feverish speculation about why tourists were on an active volcano and why the… Crater creator uses explosions to find the secrets of volcanoes Top contributors
Articles on Women's history Displaying 1 - 20 of 22 articles Clare Wright: one of many women historians carving a role as a public intellectual. Dan Himbrechts/AAP How women historians smashed the glass ceiling Compared to the male-dominated STEM disciplines and social sciences like philosophy and political science, Australian history has been remarkably feminised. Indeed there may be more women historians here than in the UK or US. At the film premiere of Suffragette, Sisters Uncut’s Dead Women Can’t Vote campaigners protested against Britain’s domestic violence policies by featuring the colours of the Women’s Social and Political Union. Will Oliver/AAP The suffragettes were rebels, certainly, but not slaves When Meryl Streep and the stars of the upcoming film Suffragette donned t-shirts emblazoned with the quote "I'd rather be a rebel than a slave," they reignited a contentious debate in feminism. The initials ‘ES’ on the parapets are those of Elizabeth Talbot, who built Hardwick Hall. adteasdale Five incredible old English homes built by women Women played a far greater role in designing, commissioning and building country houses, gardens and parklands than was once imagined. Inequality in China and the impact on women’s rights Mum’s gone to Iceland. Creatista/Shutterstock Viking women travelled too, genetic study reveals The Women’s Prize for Fiction and our forgotten literary foremothers Top contributors
Tuesday, December 9, 2008 How Should We Then Live History is one of those subjects that should be tailor made to the student. It is not a boring subject; it is just the way it is often taught—an endless stream of facts and dates—that renders it the mind-numbing chore that it seems. When it is instead related as a story hung on the moments and events that tie the past to where we are today, it can be an exciting and eye opening experience. One of the books that makes history and specifically western culture come alive to people living here in our postmodern world is Francis Schaeffer’s “How Should We Then Live?” In it, he does a brilliant job at showing how art and philosophy have led to where we are today; brilliant in part in that he did this twenty years ago and his efforts seem a bit prophetic. The other enlightening aspect of this book is the appendix that reveals an aspect of history that is rarely relayed in school. Most of the time students are taught history in a series of movements: the history of the renaissance, the history of the reformation, etc. Schaeffer shows the way these various movements overlapped and even influenced each other. Who teaches that Luther’s 95 theses and the Sistine Chapel ceiling were done around the same time? When we are able to look at the way philosophies shape the cultures that drive the events of history, and then see the way these events mold the philosophies that follow, it renders understanding where we are and where we are headed as a culture possible. Unfortunately today’s education does not do this and so our culture seems at best like a case of the blind being led by the blind. (At worst perhaps the dupes being taken by the snake-oil salesmen.) 1 comment: © Blogger template Brownium by Ourblogtemplates.com 2009 Back to TOP
Monday, August 25, 2014 astro picture for the day / John Stillwell "What does depth mean in mathematics? ESA/NASA Hubble Space Telescope image John Stillwell - "What Does 'Depth' Mean in Mathematics?" For some strange reason, the video linked above about John Stillwell's latest public lecture doesn't show up amongst the youtube selections; but, about the lecture . . . He tries to show the big ideas throughout mathematics history. He strangely goes from modern times back in time. He of course doesn't cover everything. In fact, I find his viewpoint of "what steps came before", and "how many great mathematicians before the final logical proof" viewpoint a bit limiting. As usual, mathematics is deeper and more of a complex whole than any simple description. A "implications and developments after the great theorem is made' viewpoint makes certain theorems even more important. The fundamental theorem of algebra implications, mentioned by him for sure gets a different perspective from its later implications instead of what led up to it. The fundamental theorem of algebra led to 'varieties' by David Hilbert(just one thing he did). The fundamental theorem of algebra proves the number of solutions of any polynomial is equal to the degree of the equation. And it does so topologicaly(this was proven by Frederick Gauss, hence Gauss was aware of something 'topological'; he knew of topological properties from 'genus' properties of number theory as well). The number of solutions is pictured as intersections of a curver around a Cartesian plane. One could generalize to different geometric shapes and this is what David Hilbert does. Varieties were used by Manjul Bhargava farelly recently to solve number theory problems. I actually link to a lecture of his way back in this blog. Manjul was one of the Fields medal winners a week or two ago. His work has opened up non-commutative algebras and made sense of octonians for the first time. Back in the early 1800s, Galois came up with abstract algebras of groups and fields to prove that there is no general closed form solution to the fifth degree equation(like the quadratic formula for the second degree equation; something that goes back to the Babylonians a thousand years before the Greeks did their best stuff). This opened up algebra like never before. Before, algebra was just quadratic equations and then solutions to higher degree equations that they could solve. Another side of algebra was opened up in invariant theory. Invariant theory kind of comes out of matrices and systems of equations type of stuff. Really, its substitutions of equations in each other that leaves invariants. The b^2-4ac in the square root radical of the quadratic formula is an invariant. Mathematicians from Boole to Cayley found lots of invariants and started solving algebra and geometric problems from invariants in the early to mid and then late 1800s. Emmy Noether in the early 1900s came up with commutative and non-commutative algebras. The non-commutative algebras unified the invariants side of algebra and the abstract algebra. But, her work remarkably became eclipsed a little bit by the lie algebraic work for much of the rest of the 20th century. Manjul Bhargava's work is one generalization that has opened up the field again. Octonians are further generalisations beyond quaternions which are themselves generalisations past complex numbers. All this 'fundamental theorem of algebra' is just one example. The fundamental theorem of the calculus is another. While its a proof, there is room in the interaction between the differential and integral calculus unified by the fundamental theorem of the calculus for more. This led to lots of real analyses. Going back further into time, the Pythagorean theorem led to Diophantine analyses in 'Pythagorean triples', irrational numbers in the square root of two, and the number theory of the pellian equations. Other Greek findings had implications as well. The five platonic solids led to topology. The squaring of the circle led to transfinite numbers. The other delian problems of trisection of an angle and duplication of a cube led to abstract algebra(or could only really be solved by abstract algebras). No comments: Post a Comment
Home > 7 habits, Agile, Leadership > How to write a good principle or objective How to write a good principle or objective Have you ever seen objectives or principles which are something like this: “Our solutions are future safe, uses the best of technology and is easily integrated with our other systems”. Sounds well, doesn’t it? My former college professor once said that a valid objective is one that someone could rewrite so the aim was the opposite and someone could also see that as a valid objective. So, “future safe solutions” is not a valid objective since no one would ever want a solutions which wasn’t future safe. An objective is only interesting if it helps us make decisions and these type of “happy” objectives are therefore in principle useless. So, how do you avoid these useless objectives? How do we formulate them so they give meaning and direction? There are probably many ways, but here are some favorites from the agile dame in Enskede, Stockholm: N is better than M Why does the agile manifesto help us? Well, because it tells us something about the relative priority. If I get to choose between following the process and interacting with people, I choose the people. Since someone could say that process is more important than the human (and sometimes this is true, for example in aviation regulations you have to follow the procedure), this is a valid objective also given my professor’s definition. But this is only if someone could be standing selecting between N and M. Commander’s intent The Commander’s intent is used in US military and according the the principle you should always in a sentence say “Independent of how everything else goes, we should have achieved X”. This also gives a relative priority. X is more important than anything else there is. This would mean that if we said future safe is the commander’s intent, that should be reached independent of other priorities. The pronounceable sentence It’s too common that an objective is formulated in a long, complicated sentence which you have to read many many times before it becomes clear. These objectives are written like law text but cannot be part of everyday life. So, write your objective so anyone can remember it. Both commander’s intents and N better than M objectives can and should meet this criteria too. Better missing one objective than all What are the chances that you would remember if you had one, and just one objective? What would they be if you had 100? We sometimes try to cover everything in our objectives so we write too many. In 7 habits, we talk about 3 wildly important objectives. That is probably a limit. One of the projects I’ve been struggling with for a couple of months now have three objectives and that is too many. It gets confusing. Better focus on one. Write it down Do you think that everyone knows the objective(s)? You don’t have to write it down? You’re wrong. Write it down and post it on the team wall. When the guys look up, it should be the first thing they see. One final insight. I love concrete stuff. When it gets fluffy and lots of words, I loose focus. But don’t mistake abstract with not concrete. Just look at Nike’s brilliant logo. Just do it! Isn’t that just a wonderful objective which can give you guidance when you’re wondering if you should really run in that cold rain? Categories: 7 habits, Agile, Leadership 1. 2010/02/22 at 8:34 am I really love this Anna. If one objective can’t be measured quantitively, placing it in relation to other values gives you a sense of its importance and more clues to its meaning. Also, I hadn’t really thought about how you can use an objetive like that in your daily work. Having it up on the wall is an excellent way. 1. 2012/03/06 at 6:51 am Leave a Reply WordPress.com Logo Twitter picture Facebook photo Google+ photo Connecting to %s %d bloggers like this:
August 15: So foul and fair a day I have not seen Macbeth_of_ScotlandSo, this is spooky. According to various historical accounts, it was on this day in the year 1040 that King Duncan of Scotland was killed in battle by the King of Moray, who promptly took his throne. Then exactly 17 years later on August 15, 1057 that vay same King of Moray and Scotland was killed by King Duncan’s son, Malcolm. What was the name of this king, who’s reign over Scotland lasted exactly 17 yeas? His name was Mac Bethad mac Findlaích, or alternately Macbeth. Yes, Macbeth, from William Shakespeare’s famously “cursed” play. Now, unlike the fictional Macbeth made famous in the bard’s 17the century play, contemporary sources indicate that he was not generally viewed as a tyrant; and as far as we can tell, the real Macbeth never met three witches who prophesied that he would be king. In fact, Shakespeare took more than just supernatural liberties with the story of Macbeth. In the play, Macbeth murders the old King Duncan while hosting the king in his home. In reality, Duncan invaded Macbeth’s land, and as mentioned above, he was killed on the battlefield. I hinted at this earlier, but those of you who have a familiarity with the theater world probably know that there is a quote-unquote curse associated with Shakespeare’s Mac– Excuse me, The Scottish Play. According to superstition if you say the name of the play or its title character inside a theater (outside of an actual performance or rehearsal of the play) you must run outside the theater, spin around three times and either spit, swear or recite a line from another Shakespeare play. As the theme tune from the cult classic tv series Slings And Arrows says, “But I’d be crackers to take on Mackers. You see, I’m skittish about the Scottish tragedy.” So, what’s the reason for this superstition? Well, there are several unsourced theories, some involving Shakespeare actually working with witches to write the play, but there is a very practical explanation: Since Ol’ Mackers is a very popular play, theater troupes have been known to stage it when their financial future looks particularly dark. Not to mention, it’s a complicated play to stage; full of technical effects and sword fights that could easily go wrong if someone makes a minor mistake. Now rather than dwell on any curse, why not sip on a nice strong cocktail? The Scottish Play was created at Cambridge, Massachusetts’ Russell House Tavern as a scotch-based variation on the Negroni. Thankfully, unlike the Weird Sisters’ brew it does not require eye of newt or a bubbling cauldron, but does have an interesting mix of smoky and bitter notes. The Scottish Play • 1 3/4 ounce Laphroaig 10 Year Old Scotch • 1 1/4 ounce Cynar • 1 ounce Aperol • 1/8 ounce Drambuie Tomorrow: Gabba gabba hey! Propose A Toast! You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Twitter picture Facebook photo Google+ photo Connecting to %s %d bloggers like this:
Military Intervention in Turkish Politics - Essay Example Only on StudentShare Extract of sample Military Intervention in Turkish Politics Intellectuals and politicians also voiced out sentiments against the monopolization of political power by a single party. In response to these issues, the president permitted greater freedom for the expression of political opposition. Some members of the RPP took advantage of this and formed the new organization, the Democratic Party. For next four years, the Democrats frequently challenged government policy and were able to attract support by proficiently utilizing the growing popular hostility with the interference of the state in peoples' lives. The state eventually underwent a peaceful transition to a multiparty. The government had undertook agricultural reforms and to improve the standard of living of the peasants. They brought in huge quantities of expensive agricultural machinery, built dams and irrigation canals and constructed a national network of highways that in general helped communication as well as unlock previously remote regions to commercial agriculture. ... Download paper Following the World War II, Turkey tried different courses of political development from a single-party rule of the Republican People's Party (RPP) to a multiparty system in which elections were openly contested and voters willingly involved. However, their governance could not deal with the domestic turmoil, increasing violence and social unrest within the country and military intervention is needed to restore the state's order and uphold the principles of Kemalism that is the establishment of state authority and the intervention of the state to enforce the social and legal changes. Author : whyatt Related Essays Arm Intervention "Even actions that seem to aim only at the establishment or restoration of order have implications for justice." (Hoffman) 5 pages (1255 words) Essay Turkish invasion of Cyprus Even before the conflict, the tension arose when the Cyprus Convention, on the basis of which Britain 'leased' the island, lost much of its relevance for some reasons, foremost of which was the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire. 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This is what will be dissertated in the... 6 pages (1506 words) Essay Modernity versus Westernization Modernity is the concept by which there is a discontinuation of the past from the present. This discontinuity arises from social and cultural changes which occur through progress or decline. The premise is life in the present is different from life in the past. This is a view held globally and clashes with tradition which stipulates that the present is a continuation of the behaviour and events of the past and continue to be repeated. Modernity is viewed as a problem since it challenges and replaces the traditional way of life. It results in alternatives and unmanageable changes and that the... 17 pages (4267 words) Essay Is Turkish law incompatible with EU membership? Ten years ago Turkey applied for accession to the European Union.Till today the accession has not be granted.Mainly because of the huge overall concern that Turkey is not what is perceived to be a truly democratic and free countryOne largely ignores the fact that not half a century ago that what was mostly a divided and warring section of Mediterranean countries like Greece, Spain and Portugal is now today an integrated and peaceful Europe and the European integration project in which Turkey wants to join, has brought Europe together into a cohesive whole creating a 'security community' within... 5 pages (1255 words) Essay 7. The prospect of Turkish membership in the EU has led to the emergence of increasingly stringent conditions for membership. Discuss. Expansion has largely been carried out in the countries of the former Soviet Union and this organization continues to come under pressure to expand eastward. Accordingly Turkey, a predominately Muslim country straddling the border between Europe and Asia, is seeking membership into one of the most exclusive multilateral clubs in the world. Undertaking an analysis the candidacy of Turkey for membership in the EU, the following will discuss the major obstacles to the inclusion of Turkey within this exclusive multilateral club. 8 pages (2008 words) Essay
11 Surprising Benefits of Banana The banana tree is the largest flowering herbaceous plant in the world, and although many different varieties exist, they almost all are elongated, slightly curved fruits with a fleshy outer peel that can be easily removed to expose white to yellow flesh. They all grow in clusters near the top of the fruiting plant, and come in a range of colors, including green, red, yellow, and brown (when ripe). The main distinction is between bananas and plantains, and while there are not many differences, plantains are smaller with starchier, denser fruit and is traditionally eaten in Asia and tropical countries. Bananas are more commonly found in Europe and America, and are soft, desert fruits. Nutritional Value of Banana Health Benefits of Banana The health benefits of banana include the following: Promotes Weight Loss Banana3Stronger Bones Weight Gain Treats Piles Reduces Constipation Soothens Ulcers Prevents Kidney Disorders Improves Vision Cardiovascular Protection Treats Anemia Relieves Menstrual problems Cooked banana flowers help in providing relief from painful and excessive bleeding during the menstrual cycle as well as other menstrual disorders. Are bananas good for you? Bananas are great for you! They’re high in potassium, which regulates your blood pressure and heart functioning; they’re also great for digestion, and as a healthy snack when you’re on-the-go. They’re versatile too – you can use mashed banana as a substitute for eggs or butter in baking, great for people with allergies or who want to lower their fat intake. Are bananas healthy? Bananas are very healthy. When included as part of a balanced diet, their high potassium content helps regulate your blood pressure, maintain your heart health, and support your digestion. They make a great energy-boosting snack for busy days when you’re on the move, and you can add them to your baking as either an addition, or substitution (e.g. for eggs). What is a banana? Bananas are fruits (berries, actually – some say they’re herbs, believe it or not), that grow on what are called banana plants – not banana trees, because there is no actual wood in the plant itself. There are several varieties – the sweet snack we recognise is called a ‘dessert’ banana; other types are starchier, and must be cooked before consumption. Is banana a fruit? Yes, bananas are fruits. The sweet, creamy variety that must be peeled before eating is widely recognised in the western world, although it is not the only variety. Other kinds of banana can have peels in different colours (e.g. green or maroon), are not sweet, and must be cooked before being eaten. What vitamins are present in bananas? Bananas are a good source of vitamins C and B6. A single, medium-sized banana actually gives you about 15% of the vitamin C you need daily, and about 33% of the vitamin B6 you need. They’re also a great source of potassium and fibre, so a banana a day helps you take in a lot of necessary nutrients. 1. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf1008692 2. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S088915750600007X 3. http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-011-0737-2_11 4. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874199000057 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/berh.2001.0176 6. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1984.tb16447.x/abstract 7. http://www.nature.com/ki/journal/v58/n5/abs/4491872a.html 8. http://books.google.com/books?id=uCDMQZnUVMUC 9. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814602001863 10. http://acggi.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/institute-PregnancyMonograph.pdf 11. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003193.htm What do you think? Add comment You entered an incorrect username or password Sorry, you must be logged in to post a comment. by Oldest by Best by Newest by Oldest Online Quran Academy do you have any suggestion to get bananas ripe? many times they are green in the store - ty Hang the bunch on a counter-top banana tree or set it in a large bowl, on a counter. When they turn yellow and develop some brown spots, they are ripe enough to eat. Some people are able to eat green bananas without developing gas and/or an upset stomach. Hardin Prouductions sometimes when they are in the store as green that doesnt mean they aren't ripe. i've always seem them like that and they never seem to ripen. Apparently it just needs a small amount of yellow to be ripe. Or you could try yelling at it xD مجلة فوئد Khusnul Khotimah bananas are very rich in benefits That's Bananas. yes I need it for the health. Okay that's wonderful. O-o…interesting ….now my everyday will be my banana day 😛 YAY! Vinotha Padayachee Chidiebere Genevieve Anarado I lyk banana......winks. banana,,every morning to lower blood pressure. ok. Fodey-Zeal Adomi Realy... Hw does it make u feel? Very useful information. thats wonderful Download our App
Article Text FRI0225 Introduction of 3D Printing into Rheumatology –Transferring Images from Arthritic Joints into Models 1. A. Kleyer, 2. A.J. Hueber, 3. J. Rech, 4. F. Stemmler, 5. G. Kroenke, 6. D. Simon, 7. G. Schett 1. Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Medizinische Klinik 3, Erlangen, Germany Background Three dimensional (3D) Prototyping allows the creation of individual 3D objects with almost any material. It is a rapid emerging technology, easy to use and quickly accessible. Objectives In this experimental study we tested the feasibility to generate exact models of joints of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and healthy controls. Methods Using a high resolution CT (Xtreme CT, Scanco) we can generate images of metacarpal heads with a resolution as exact as 81 microns voxel size. Two dimensional images were transformed into 3D images, which were visualized by the DICOM viewer Osirix (Open Source software for MacBook). In the following step 3D images were transformed in a printable format called STL (Standard triangulation language), a common file format for 3D printers. Using a ZPrinter (3D Systems/Zcorp), core material (cement-like pouder) was spread in thin layers over the building platform. After each layer, binder is jetted from print heads over the core layer, which causes the core to solidify. Results We generated two 3D prints of a metacarpal head, one from a patient (age 67, male) with long standing Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and one from a healthy individual of the same age and sex without clinical signs of arthritis. Notably, this approach allowed creating a high quality and exact 3D model of the metacarpal head (Fig. 1A). The printed model reached a resolution as low as 100 micrometers. Cortical bone breaks resembling bone erosions as well as cortical proliferation can be exactly localized and measured. Particularly this technique also allows an enlargement of 3:1 to visualize the trabecular network of the periarticular bone which is massively reduced in the RA patient (Fig. 1B). Conclusions Herein we show that it is technically possible to print 3D models of arthritic joints and exactly localize and measure bone erosions and loss of trabecular bone network in patients with inflammatory arthritis. To our knowledge this is the first 3D printing approach in the context of clinical rheumatology. We demonstrate that the production of models reflecting exact copies of the joint surface in brilliant quality is feasible. These findings open multiple new possibilities in rheumatology and management of arthritis such as improved patient education, validation of imaging modalities, monitoring of damage as well as improved site-directed injection Disclosure of Interest None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1856 Statistics from Request permissions
Wspólnotowy Serwis Informacyjny Badan i Rozwoju - CORDIS SIGNAL Streszczenie raportu Project ID: IST-2000-29225 Źródło dofinansowania: FP5-IST Kraj: Germany SAM: Sensory actuatory map for autonomous robots SAM: The Sensory-Actuatory Map for autonomous robots, is an alternative approach to build topological maps. SAM is based on the Systemic Architecture approach of the SIGNAL project (IST-2000-29225, SAM is a mapping method, which is based on the combination of topologically connected sensory and action information. This map has been realised within the SIGNAL project for an autonomous robot, and has been successfully evaluated using the real six wheeled autonomous robot within a testing environment. The proposed sensory-actuatory map (SAM) represents the environment by linking successive sensory items (SI) together using those actions (A) that lead to the respective (SI) sequence. This interconnection graph contains the topology of the environment in a way that can be used for planning and navigation. The sensory information is acquired while the robot is moving through the world to be mapped. Thus, the robot gains experience and information about the environment. Within the stream of sensory information, the algorithm identifies self-contained fractions of it as special Sensory Items (SI). These sensory items should stand for the real world items to be mapped. They must be easy to recognise and clearly distinguishable from each other. The action commands (A) are the result of the robot controller that is guiding the robot trough the environment. A wall-following algorithm (for example) is well suited for this task, but other control algorithms that provide reproducible movements apply as well. SAM implements the following properties: - It must contain and represent spatial knowledge: e.g. distances, interconnections, - It must contain information about special items: e.g. real world objects, metric positions, landmarks, -It must associate the spatial knowledge with these items, and vice versa. - It must reflect the existing topological properties between the items. -It must be as specific as the mapped region is. - The content of the map must be somehow accessible. - The map must allow navigation tasks. - There must be an algorithm to build the map. - Map making must work, even if the circumstances are not ideal. SAM is a widely useable approach to build maps, not only for autonomous robots, but as well for all other thinkable, active agents (web browsers, ...) Powiązane informacje Nils GOERKE, (Researcher/Lecturer) Tel.: +49-228-734167 Faks: +49-228-734425 Adres e-mail
FunITS- “ITS” the gold standard method for identifying fungi FunITS- “ITS” the gold standard method for identifying fungi Accurate identification of fungal isolates is critical to environmental monitoring programs. Genotypic methods, such as comparative sequencing of the ribosomal DNA ITS2 region in fungi, have been proven to be the most accurate and reproducible methods for identifying unknown organisms. The technology is inherently stable, which allows for reproducible data for identification. Historically Difficult… The identification of fungi, especially filamentous fungi, has historically been a very difficult task. Due to the amount of experience and time required to accurately identify filamentous fungi to the species level, it has been common practice to either identify these organisms to the genus level, or in some cases, simply identify them as “molds.” …But No More Genetic approaches to fungal identification provide a more reliable and rapid method for identification to the species level. FunITS uses the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS2) region, a commonly sequenced fungal DNA region that is widely accepted as the “gold standard” by fungal taxonomists. Because the ITS region has a higher degree of variation between closely related species than other DNA regions such as D2, “ITS” arguably the best available method for identifying fungal species. The Accugenix genotypic analysis process adheres to the reference method used by taxonomists because it delivers the most accurate and reliable sequence data for identifications. When this process is combined with a full coverage, validated library, the resulting phylogenic analysis is unparalleled in the industry. The AccuGENX-ID® FunITS identification process is FAST and ACCURATE! Start with a Simple Source: A Single Isolated Colony, Ethanol Extract, DNA Extract or FTA Micro Elute Card Extract the genomic DNA from the isolated colony Use PCR to amplify the 350 base pair ITS2 target DNA region Perform cycle sequencing to fluorescently label the DNA Visualize the sequence data on an automated sequencer Analyze the data against a proprietary database Generate an ID Report Quality Assurance review of Report Technical Support issue of report to the customer 98% of Samples Reported Out 0.2% Error Rate
Fire in the Ocean + See all authors and affiliations Science 19 Apr 2013: Vol. 340, Issue 6130, pp. 287-288 DOI: 10.1126/science.1237688 You are currently viewing the summary. View Full Text One of the great challenges of modern organic geochemistry is the determination of the chemical composition of Earth's largest active carbon pools: marine sediments, soils, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in both marine and terrestrial systems. Together these reservoirs are much larger than the atmospheric CO2 pool, and they exchange carbon with the atmosphere, making them potential CO2 sources or sinks in a changing climate. Rivers play a central role in the carbon exchange between all these reservoirs. On page 345 of this issue, Jaffé et al. (1) shed new light on the chemical composition of riverine DOC.
Tuesday, March 22, 2011 eLearning CE: Activity 3 Jemima Leong (03) Traits of a good leader Most good leaders have great vision. They know where they want to go and they know how to motivate people to believe in this same vision they have for their community, country and their lives. They view things as what they could be and not what they are. 2. Wise Being a good leader usually means that they have to make critical calls at assorted points in their organization. Having the knowledge to make the correct call is crucial in making sure the organization is successful. Good leaders are strategic, wise and perceptive. 3. Passionate Good leaders are very passionate people. They're intensely obsessed in whatever they are focused on. It could be business, sports or a hobby, these individuals are intensely focused. They operate with such a high level of passion that they get consumed in it. They take action! 4. Compassion Good leaders have compassion for their supporters or employees. They have great coaching and development skills. While these leaders have goals to accomplish, they consistently care for the individuals that support them. They're not selfish individuals only thinking about their own wants and needs. Most have a heart for the people that follow them. 5. Charismatic Most good leaders are captivating. They're charming individuals and they tend to draw people in with their personalities. It could be in the way they talk, the way they carry themselves. They are excellent a building relationships and demanding performance from their peers. These individuals have an X-factor that you are drawn to. 6. Great Communicators Good leaders are usually great orators and persuaders. They're very comfortable with public speaking and are very inspiring people. It isn't surprising that they can develop a good following with this communication ability. 7. Persistent Good leaders are determined in attaining their goals. They know that reaching their destination can be filled with problems. Notwithstanding, they see that the advantages of attaining their goals is larger than that of the problems that occurred. This makes them intensely persistent individuals. 8. Integrity Good leaders mean what they say. They have integrity. They're individuals who keep their guarantees and they do not play the old political games that plenty of others do. People find them reliable and as such are dedicated to them. 9. Daring They are bold. Winston Churchill states that courage is the virtue on which all others virtue rest on. Good leaders are bold enough to chase after their dreams. Although the fears are real, a daring leader pursues them regardless of the fears that exist. 10. Disciplined Most good leaders are very controlled in the pursuit of their goals. Where most individuals would be simply distracted or dejected, good leaders discipline their minds to keep focused and steady regardless of the situation. Source of reference: http://hubpages.com/hub/Good-Leadership-10-Characteristics-Good-Leader How a leader manages crisis under a stressful situation A good leader will be able to keep calm and find a way to help. He/she will not get frustrated and give up. A good leader will be able to save whatever there is to save. A good leader, no matter how stress, will not vent his/her frustration. He/she will be as calm as possible and solve the crisis. 1 comment:
Deep Litter Through the summer the chickens get to rotate around the pasture hunting for seeds and little critters. But once the weather changes over to cold we stop rotating them and move them to their winter home. This changes how we need to deal with there poop. As we rotate them the poop is spread over the pasture. We move the coop almost every day to avoid buildup in one spot. Chickens do most of their pooping at night so the manure will concentrate where ever they roost. Since we are not moving them during the winter we have to deal with this concentration. The way most people deal with this is scraping out a coop every so often to remove the build up of poop and the toxic ammonia that gets released as the manure breaks down. This is normally not a very fun chore taking a good amount of time and then you have to have a place to put the manure. If you leave it outside during thaws and rains you will loose nutrients through runoff and even if you protect it somehow that ammonia smell is nitrogen escaping through the air. We’ve been trying to use a different technique called Deep Litter or Bedded pack. Instead of cleaning out every couple of days or week we let material build up in the coop. To do this we had to start off with a large amount of carbon. We layered up about 12 inches of wood chips on the dirt under the coop. This base will help absorb moisture and will be incorporated with the manure as the chicken’s scratch. We then add hay, wood shavings, and straw into the coop as needed. The hay tends to layer a bit to much because it’s not chopped up. If it were smaller pieces the chickens would do a better job incorporating it into the litter. Once we have a better place to store wood chips in the winter we will add more into to bedding more frequently to help it to reduce compression and help aeration. With the really cold weather we’ve had this winter the composting on the edge of the coop has really slowed down. We have a ring of hay bales around the bottom of the coop so the pile doesn’t completely freeze. If it was a bit warming in the floor we would have a faster breakdown of material. Next year we will add another ring outside of the coop to help insulate the litter. After the pile is 18-20 inches high it stops growing quickly. The breakdown of material is just a bit slower then what we can add. Once it warms up in the spring it should actually start decomposing faster than we can add material. Once the chickens are moved back out to pasture we will build a compost pile of the bedding to finish the process and then we will be able to add it to our vegetable and rice fields. But if you don’t rotate your chickens the bedded pack can still work. Once the biological process starts going there isn’t a need to clean out the coop. The litter will keep absorbing material and because you are creating a healthy soil ecosystem probiotic critters should be able to out compete bad pathogens reducing disease pressure on the flock. When you need compost material you can clean out as much as you need and the process will bounce back once new material is added. Chelsea Green has a good book that takes about this system and other things to think about when you are raising birds. March 4th, 2014\| About the Author: Leave A Comment
The olive tree and olive oil as symbols “Olive trees had to be planted by children or virgins”! This conviction, which originated in Cilicia, as well as numerous others derive from people’s belief that the olive tree, being a sacred tree, should be honoured and protected in order to yield its fruit… “the olive is a pure tree and, thus, desires that those who collect its fruit should also be pure”. This is why men involved in the cultivation of olive trees must honour their families (eukarpia – fecundity) “…and not lie with women other than their wives ”. Western societies may find it difficult to perceive the extent to which local tradition and customs have embraced a product that, up until recently, was considered the cause of numerous diseases that afflicted the peoples of the Mediterranean basin, while they exclusively used butter, which they lauded for its healthy properties. However, the olive tree and olive oil are integrally linked with Mediterranean cultures. For the people of the region, the olive tree has been a symbol since antiquity and it is found everywhere. In ancient Greece, it is encountered in numerous myths. The best known such myth claims that two gods, Athena and Poseidon, competed for the name of the city of Athens by offering gifts; Athena was the victor because she offered an olive branch, as a symbol of wisdom, prosperity and peace. People using the products of the olive tree feel so blessed by this tree, which they use in dozens of ways, that they want to intimately thank it and – why not – ensure that it will thus continue to yield its fruit. This is a voluntary relationship of exchange between its people-users and the “divine” product. For example, until recently, during the Christmas season, the owner of an olive grove would slaughter a pig and sprinkle the soil with its blood (pigs were a symbol of fertility). Even today, before the olive harvest begins, the holy mystery of benediction usually takes place, thus blessing the soil and tree so that it yields plentiful and healthy fruit. This practice and numerous others still prevail. “If wine is spilled on the earth, it is good luck; but if oil is spilled, it is said to be bad luck”.
BMI calculator vs. Body Fat Calculator bmi calculatorIf you’re trying to lose weight, there are 2 ways that you can choose to measure the progress: body mass index (BMI) calculator and body fat calculator. Both are quite popular method in tracking your fitness progress, but there are differences between the two. Therefore you need a good understanding about them to obtain the best results for you. What is body mass index (BMI) calculator? BMI is a number that is used to determine whether your weight is ideal not. The value obtained is influenced by your height and weight. In short, if you have a body weight that is too heavy for the size of your height, then you can be assumed to have obesity. In order to do the calculation, you can follow the following formula: bmi formula or you can use this BMI calculator for simplicity then you can compare the results with this table to determine the category of your body. BMI range (kg/m2)Category < 18.5Underweight 18.5 – 24.9Normal Range 25.0 – 29.9Overweight – Moderately Obese ≥ 30.0Overweight – Severely Obese Besides BMI values can be used to determine a person’s health risk BMI range (kg/m2)Health Risk 18.4 and belowRisk of developing osteoporosis and nutritional deficiency 18.5 to 22.9Low Risk (healthy range) 23.0 to 27.4Moderate risk of developing diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and stroke 27.5 and aboveHigh risk of developing heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, and diabetes Positive values: 1. The easiest and cheapest way to determine the level of obesity and health risks 2. The measurement can be done easily 3. Does not require sophisticated equipment Negative value: It does not take into account the percentage of muscle in the body weight, so the results might be mistaken for those who have a lot of muscle, such as athletes and bodybuilders. What is body fat calculator? Body fat calculator is a method used to measure the percentage of fat in the body. Many people believe that this method is a good indicator of your success in weight loss programs than the number on the scale. One of the reasons is that the body fat calculator considering the sex (men and women have different body fat percentage) in the measurement so that the results are more accurate. For the comparison can be seen in the following table. 2–5 %10–13 %Essential fat 6–13 %14–20 %Athletes 14–17 %21–24 %Fitness 18–24 %25–31 %Average 25 %+32 %+Obese However, there are many ways that can be used to measure body fat percentage in addition to using the calculator, such as: 1. Skin caliperstips-to-lose-weight Skin calipers is a tool that pinches your skin lightly in three different areas of the body. For women, it includes the thigh, hip and triceps, while in men, the thigh, abdomen, and chest are measured. From these results, the percentage of body fat can be estimated. 2. Underwater weighing In the measurement process, a patient will be submerged into a water tank. The amount of displaced water is measured and from the number, the body fat percentage can be obtained. Maybe you need to know that the test can only be done at certain places, such as laboratory or hospital. Of course the costs are quite expensive, but the results are believed to be very accurate. 3. BodPod This egg-shaped pod works similar to the “underwater weighing” but uses air instead of water. A patient must enter in to perform the measurement You can also use this body fat calculator to obtain a brief overview of your body fat. Positive values: 1. The measurement results are more accurate in describing your body 2. There are many available methods that can be selected 3. Works for all fitness levels Negative values: 1. Costs more for more accurate results 2. Can only be found in certain places, such as hospitals and laboratories 3. Requires expertise in the measurement Withings Smart Body Analyzer, Black (Kitchen) List Price:$99.95 USD New From:$99.95 USD In Stock Used from: Out of Stock Fitbit Aria Wi-Fi Smart Scale, Black (Sports) List Price:$129.95 USD New From:$99.95 USD In Stock Used from: Out of Stock
previous next LES BOUCHAUDS (“Germanicomagus”) Charente, France. Gallo-Roman theater in the commune of St. Cybardeaux. The site is sometimes referred to as Germanicomagus, a Latin name very similar to that of a statio mentioned in the Peutinger Table and located in the region but not identified. This is an unconfirmed hypothesis. The theater, 23 km from Angoulême, is built against the NW side of a hill dominating the surrounding countryside—a religious hilltop site of the Celtic period. The site contains neither a city nor fortifications; it was a rural sanctuary like Chassenon (Charente) or Sanxay (Vienne). However, some wells and a few dwellings can be discerned to the S at the foot of the hill opposite the theater, where a road branches off from the Roman roads and climbs towards the site. The base of the stage wall is impressive. Its 105 m facade is surpassed by Lyon (108 m), Vienne (130 m) and Autun (147 m), but is greater than Fréjus (83 m), Vaison (96 m), Arles (102 m), and Orange (103 m). The stage wall was 1.3-1.4 m thick at the base, and was supported, halfway up the slope of the hill, by a thick sustaining wall and by a number of buttresses of different size and placement. On the inside the customary three doorways of the stage building served as supports, as did their projecting sections. The reason for these extravagant precautions, as well as for the thickness of the wall, can be found in the size of the structure, which has been estimated as 22.4 m high. The forepart of the stage, in front of the doorways, was 35 by 4.5 m. A straight wall bare of any decoration bordered it on one side. The stage projects considerably into the orchestra, but is only slightly raised above it. The orchestra, in spite of its 23.8 m radius, probably served only as an aisle for distinguished citizens who had reserved seats in the first three rows. The walls lining the tiers on either side are straight and parallel to the great wall. These tiers, forming a semicircle 52.5 m in radius, were probably partly of stone and partly of wood. They were divided by six aisles that provided access to the seats; there was no central passageway, but there may have been a double entrance at the rear. Remains of walls outside the semicircle would seem to be evidence of access stairways at the side gates. The spectators sat facing N, as was the custom, and were protected at least partially by a canopy: the bored stones that used to hold up the poles have been found. This is a standard Roman theater with few deviations. It particularly resembles the theater at Champlieu (Oise), which is of exactly the same type with the same restricted entrances. The W corner of the theater was apparently rebuilt; the absence of bands of brick and the excellence of the masonry date the whole structure from the 1st c. A.D. It has been claimed that the theater could seat 8500. On top of the hill were several buildings. Farthest W was a large portico surrounding a rectangular area (40 x 27 m) which may have replaced a Celtic burial ground. To the E was a Classical temple, a rectangular building with two rooms, one 5.70 m square and the other 5.70 by 2.45 m. Ringing this central section was a corridor which apparently served as a Celtic gallery, allowing for ritual processions. There is also an enormous foundation block still standing in the theater axis, which probably supported a little temple, as at Lyon, not a statue. The theater was obviously attached to the sanctuaries. The Les Bouchauds monuments were destroyed, or at least badly damaged, in 276 m one of the first barbarian invasions. The invaders were easily led there by the network of roads serving the site. There is no comprehensive collection of finds from Las Bouchauds in any museum; everything has disappeared. C. de Ia Croix, “Études sur le théâtre gallo-romain des Bouchauds (Charente) et sur son déblaiement,” Bulletin et Mémoires de la Socété Archéologique et Historique de la Charente 8 (1908) 65-172I. hide Display Preferences Greek Display: Arabic Display: View by Default: Browse Bar:
Solvent Degreasing In deciding on solvent cleaning, consider safety, regulatory and technical aspects. Related Topics: Choosing a cleaning agent and cleaning process depends on what soils need to be removed and the nature of the surface they are on. In the cleaning world, solvent cleaning (as contrasted with aqueous cleaning) means cleaning with organic solvents—cleaning agents with molecules containing carbon. The concept of “like dissolves like” is based on the inherent nature of molecules. The term “solvent degreasers” may be partly based on the fact that many soils associated with parts manufacturing are based on organic molecules, like grease. Not only do organic solvents have greater solvency for organic soils, they also frequently have low surface tension and viscosity, enabling them to enter into tight spaces. Some solvent degreasers are single molecules, like perchloroethylene or isopropyl alcohol. If you have more polar soils, all other things being equal, isopropyl alcohol will be the better choice because it itself is polar. Mineral spirits are inherently a blend of hydrocarbons, which are non-polar molecules in chains of carbon with hydrogen attached. Hydrocarbons also tend to be very effective in removing oils and greases. Because the scope of solvency of cleaning agents that are single or closely-related molecules may be relatively limited, more complex solvent blends, containing a variety of molecules, are needed to enlarge the range of soils that can be removed. Some manufacturers shy away from blends because of concerns about product consistency. However, even so-called single molecule cleaning agents may be a blend. Lower boiling point solvents, like chlorinated or brominated cleaning agents, contain stabilizers to inhibit acid production. Acid can damage the cleaning equipment, not to mention the product. Some higher boiling solvents use stabilizers to keep the molecules from oxidizing; this is important to keep the process constant and to avoid generating flammable products. Some manufacturers swear by vapor degreasing, an inherently solvent cleaning process. In traditional vapor degreasers, the cleaning and rinsing can be in the liquid or vapor phase. One advantage is that because the entire process or the final rinse can take place in the vapor phase, cleaning (or rinsing) is in freshly-distilled solvent. This means less concern with contaminated process bath and reduced drying time. Degreasing with blends is also possible if you use azeotropes, which are blends where the ratio of boiling rates is the same as the ratio of the constituents so the relative constituency remains the same when the mixture boils. Using azeotropes for degreasing is a must for solvency consistency. Also, many non-azeotropes can become flammable if a non-flammable portion boils off faster than a flammable portion. It is possible to vapor degrease with low-flash-point solvents and azeotrope blends if you invest in cleaning equipment specifically designed for low-flashpoint solvents. For example, the flammable azeotrope of cyclohexane and isopropyl alcohol is effective for cleaning mixtures of polar and nonpolar soils. Most common vapor degreasing systems are designed for lower-boiling solvents. However, many useful solvents and solvent blends have a higher boiling point than water. Mineral spirits and some bio-based solvents like those based on d-limonene (from citrus peel) and on methyl soyate (from soy beans) are higher boiling solvent cleaners. They may be used to wipe down parts or in dip tanks or with agitation or ultrasonics. While some sealed systems, often operating under a partial vacuum, are designed to use higher-boiling blends, these blends are not suited to typical open-top degreasers. With higher boiling solvents, depending on the next process steps and the end-use application, you have to be particularly concerned with drying and adequate removal of cleaning solvent residue. There is also such a thing as too low a boiling point. Acetone, for example, has a broad spectrum solvency range—though sometimes it’s too aggressive. Some manufacturers avoid acetone on the grounds that the low boiling point causes it to flash off too rapidly to clean effectively. Since evaporation is inherently a cooling mechanism, a cooled part may condense moisture from the air. Speaking of “flash,” the flash point of acetone is -20° C; so don’t heat it or use it near ignition sources. To decide what sort of solvent cleaning to use, consider safety/environmental regulatory as well as the technical aspects. Some important regulatory aspects include the PEL (permissible exposure level for workers), whether or not the solvent is a HAP (hazardous air pollutant) or a VOC (volatile organic compound), and whether or not it has a low flash point. Choose an effective cleaning solvent; and integrate the solvent with the cleaning process. There is probably no such thing as an inherently safe cleaning agent. If you don’t use good process design, you might harm your workers and the environment—not to mention the product. Nearly all cleaning agents can be used safely and responsibly, with the appropriate process and process controls. Originally published in the November 2015 issue. Editor Pick Filtration System Eliminates Fine Chips from Coolant Tanks
the_prole the_prole - 9 months ago 54 Java Question How to abstract a line of code into a variable I want to run a line of a code in another method. Specifically, I would like to take a line of code x and run it in a new thread. Here is my pseudo-code LineOfCode line; new NewThread(line).run() Here is pseudo-code for public class NewThread { LineOfCode line; NewThread(LineOfCode line){ this.line = line; public void run(){ Thread thread = new Thread() { public void run() { How do I abstract a line of code into a variable? Probably a stupid question, but can't think of obvious solution. Answer Source In Java 8+, you would be able to use a lambda expression: Runnable line = () -> { System.out.println("I am doing something"); }; (Thanks to JoopEggen for providing this in a comment). In prior versions, you'd need to create a Runnable explicitly: Runnable line = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("I am doing something"); You can pass this to your MyThread, and just call the run() method. Actually, you don't need MyThread at all: you can simply do: new Thread(line).start(); and it runs the Runnable: this is the preferred way of creating new Threads (rather than subclassing directly).
Having “the talk” by Brittany Lafirara, Youth Advocate, H.O.P.E Works When working with youth I try to find a way to connect hard conversations with the world around us. With Bill Cosby and the Duggar Family being in the news recently, I believe it is a perfect time to start a conversation with our children. By asking youth what they think about what is happening, adults can show they are capable of talking about subjects that are typically taboo. It breaks the ice and provides a supportive environment for youth to get answers and possibly disclose abuse in a safe way. Tips on having hard conversations with youth: 1. Try talking in the car. Sometimes not having direct eye contact can make things more comfortable and they might be open to asking more questions. They are also a captive audience at this time! 2. Let them know you want to answer any and all questions they have. Often youth feel uncomfortable asking questions they feel are silly or are just too embarrassing. By reassuring them that all questions are welcome it will put them at ease. 3. Do your research. Keep informed on what is happening in the news that youth might be exposed to so you feel ready to answer questions or talk to them if something comes up. It’s better they get the information from you than from someone that hasn’t done their homework! 4. Know your resources! These conversations are HARD! Contact your local Network program about talking to kids about sexuality and sexual violence (like how to respond to seeing offenders in the news). Advocates at your local program will be able to give you some information about what to say or answer any questions you might have. For more information about talking to your kids about sexuality and development visit: Planned Parenthood: Talking to Kids about Sex and Sexuality Advocates for Youth: Parents Sex Ed Center
Chrobatia was an Early Medieval, semi-legendary Slavic state organised by the White Croats in a part of Central Europe that can not be conclusively identified today. The main source of the existence of a White Croatian state is a mention by the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos. White Croatia is sometimes associated with a prince Slavnik, lord of Libice, whose influence extended to the region of Silesia and the land of Krakow. Initial government is Despotism. Ad blocker interference detected!
Science / Biology / Fitness: A measure of an individuals ability to survive and reproduce; the chance that an individual will leave more offspring in the next generation than other individuals. Other Words for Fitness Fitness Adjective Synonyms: health, healthiness, (good) (physical) condition, vigor, well-being, (good) shape, (fine) fettle, tone, wholesomeness, salubriousness or salubrity Fitness Noun Synonyms: aptness, appropriateness, suitability, suitableness, competence, pertinence, seemliness, eligibility, adequacy, qualification(s) Fitness Walking Health / Fitness / Fitness Walking: A faster and more intense walking technique than casual (lifestyle) walking that burns more calories and helps you lose weight. When you fitness walk, you generally move along at a brisk pace of 3.5 t MORE Fitness For Duty Business / Human Resources (HR) / Fitness For Duty: A document provided by a medical practitioner following a post-offer medical examination containing information used by the employer to determine a candidate’s ability to perform the functions of a MORE Physical Fitness Health / Fitness / Physical Fitness: Well-being physical condition got through workout, such as muscle strength and endurance, cardiovascular endurance, and flexibility. MORE Wellness Program Business / Human Resources (HR) / Wellness Program: Programs, such as on-site or subsidized fitness centers, health screenings, smoking cessation, weight reduction/management, health awareness and education, that target keeping employees healthy, there MORE Technology / Computers / Program: A set of instructions or steps telling the computer how to handle a problem or task. MORE Business / Finance / Perquisites: Personal benefits, including direct benefits, such as the use of a firm car or expense account for personal business, and indirect benefits, such as up-to-date office decoration. MORE
Home > Margin Of > Sample Error Poll Sample Error Poll When there are more than two candidates, the margins of error shrink. Bush/Dick Cheney, and 2% would vote for Ralph Nader/Peter Camejo. Unlike sampling error, which can be calculated, these other sorts of error are much more difficult to quantify and are rarely reported. Andrew Mercer • 2 months ago One should be cautious when no margin of error is reported for a poll. his comment is here That's because many reporters have no idea what a "margin of error" really represents. Part 1: Simple Random Samples August 2016 Membership Webinar: Small Sample Statistics Cancel reply Leave a Comment Name * E-mail * Website Please note that Karen receives hundreds of comments at However, the probability that the result in fact constitutes a lead for the 50-percent candidate can be calculated; in this example it's 91 percent. But, for now, let's assume you can count with 100% accuracy.) Here's the problem: Running elections costs a lot of money. Survey Margin Of Error Calculator In reality, the margin of error is what statisticians call a confidence interval. What about people who only use cell phones? That or any confidence level indicates the number of times a theoretical infinite number of samples, of a given size and a given result, would come within sampling error of the In astronomy, for example, the convention is to report the margin of error as, for example, 4.2421(16) light-years (the distance to Proxima Centauri), with the number in parentheses indicating the expected A school accountability case study: California API awards and the Orange County Register margin of error folly. As another example, if the true value is 50 people, and the statistic has a confidence interval radius of 5 people, then we might say the margin of error is 5 Those who would vote for the incumbent tend to be happier with the state of the country and therefore do not feel as strongly that their opinions need to be heard.Rasmussen’s Margin Of Error In Polls Definition The survey results also often provide strong information even when there is not a statistically significant difference. At best, we’re seeing a nod to the margin of error with a statement of its numerical value. This type of error results from flaws in the instrument, question wording, question order, interviewer error, timing, question response options, etc. Weighting is a crucial step for avoiding biased results, but it also has the effect of making the margin of error larger. http://www.robertniles.com/stats/margin.shtml Since the percentage difference is a full 12 percent, we can be 95 percent confident that Florida prefers Trump; in fact, a quick calculation shows that we can be 99 percent A blatant example of this is the 900-number telephone polls, in which an individual not only has to step forward, but he or she actually has to pay to do so. Political Polls Margin Of Error Sampling theory provides methods for calculating the probability that the poll results differ from reality by more than a certain amount, simply due to chance; for instance, that the poll reports A couple of tiny errors: "If you double the number n of respondents, you multiply the MOE by , or 0.71." => missing a fraction here. "Yet because the same size If those who respond are poorer, more likely to be white, less likely to be educated, or even less likely to vote, than those who actually vote, the survey will be Presidential Poll Margin Of Error But taking into account sampling variability, the margin of error for that 3-point shift is plus or minus 8 percentage points. A Bayesian interpretation of the standard error is that although we do not know the "true" percentage, it is highly likely to be located within two standard errors of the estimated Survey Margin Of Error Calculator In the example in our graphic, the Republican candidate moves from a lead of 5 percentage points in Poll A to a lead of 8 points in Poll B, for a Margin Of Sampling Error Formula This is usually a lot fewer than a Census while still having a fairly accurate estimate of the true support for Candidate X in the entire population. As a general rule, looking at trends and patterns that emerge from a number of different polls can provide more confidence than looking at only one or two. 4How does the http://ldkoffice.com/margin-of/sample-error-report.html If we use the "absolute" definition, the margin of error would be 5 people. Murphy - Stuart, Fla. Just as asking more people in one poll helps reduce your margin of error, looking at multiple polls can help you get a more accurate view of what people really think. Polls With Margin Of Error Evolution. That's because pollsters often want to break down their poll results by the gender, age, race or income of the people in the sample. This would mean a margin of error of plus or minus 8 percentage points for individual candidates and a margin of error of plus or minus 16 percentage points for the http://ldkoffice.com/margin-of/sampling-error-poll-results.html It would be nice if some independent measure could be reported showing these items were looked at by someone in the "know". The true p percent confidence interval is the interval [a, b] that contains p percent of the distribution, and where (100 − p)/2 percent of the distribution lies below a, and Error Margin Definition Common sense will tell you (if you listen...) that the chance that your sample is off the mark will decrease as you add more people to your sample. The margin of error is a statistic expressing the amount of random sampling error in a survey's results. SearchSubscribeEnglishEspañolالعربيةOther EditionsSearch CloseSearchThe SciencesMindHealth TechSustainabilityEducationVideoPodcastsBlogsStoreSubscribeCurrent IssueCartSign InRegister Guest BlogWhere are the Real Errors in Political Polls?"Clinton crushes Biden in hypothetical 2016 matchup: Poll." This was the headline of a MSNBC article Bush came in at just 4 percent. This is always a critical problem because voters are generally known to vote their pocketbooks, and it was magnified in the 1936 election when economic issues were preeminent in the minds Polls With Margin Of Error And Sample Size Yet often these outlier polls end up receiving a great deal of attention because they imply a big change in the state of the race and tell a dramatic story. The fact that a poll samples a lot of people does not mean that it does so in the truly random fashion that would be needed to extrapolate results to the Shows Good Morning America Good Morning America World News Tonight World News Tonight Nightline Nightline 20/20 20/20 This Week This Week Live Video Sampling Error: What it Means By GARY LANGERDIRECTOR Because it is impractical to poll everyone who will vote, pollsters take smaller samples that are intended to be representative, that is, a random sample of the population.[3] It is possible check over here Category: 5 Facts Topics: 2016 Election, Elections and Campaigns, Research Methods, Telephone Survey Methods, Web Survey Methods Share the link: Andrew Mercer is a senior research methodologist at Pew Research Center. That's changed recently as telephone sampling procedures have been altered to include cell-phone respondents; these procedures increase the theoretical margin of sampling error because additional weighting is needed to incorporate the It's 100% accurate, assuming you counted the votes correctly. (By the way, there's a whole other topic in math that describes the errors people can make when they try to measure The fact that this difference of proportions is non-zero means that Trump is ahead in the survey (by 9 percent). But, if the sample size is increased from 750 to 1,000, the statistical error drops from 4 to 3%. Generally, the reported margin of error for a poll applies to estimates that use the whole sample (e.g., all adults, all registered voters or all likely voters who were surveyed). Even the best polls have a fair amount of uncertainty… 4 things to consider before you vote for any presidential candidate - - […] don’t pay attention to the most recent If you want to get a more accurate picture of who's going to win the election, you need to look at more polls. Case Study I: The 1936 Literary Digest Poll The presidential election of 1936 pitted Alfred Landon, the Republican governor of Kansas, against the incumbent President, Franklin D. In general, the more people are surveyed, the smaller the margin of error. The sample proportion is the number in the sample with the characteristic of interest, divided by n. The idea is that you're surveying a sample of people who will accurately represent the beliefs or opinions of the entire population. All rights reserved. However, the margin of error only accounts for random sampling error, so it is blind to systematic errors that may be introduced by non-response or by interactions between the survey and The top portion charts probability density against actual percentage, showing the relative probability that the actual percentage is realised, based on the sampled percentage. Blog Search
An activity tracker is a device or application for monitoring and tracking fitness-related metrics such as distance walked or run, calorie consumption, and in some cases heartbeat and quality of sleep. The term is now primarily used for dedicated electronic monitoring devices that are synced, in many cases wirelessly, to a computer or smartphone for long-term data tracking, an example of wearable technology. When we listen the word fitness tracker we remember about Mi Band. Have you ever thought how it works? What are the equipments there inside the Mi band. This tutorial series will constitute I think 5 to 7 parts. Have patience and keep reading all the parts. Hope your boss sometimes asked about it and you can impress with your knowledge. So here is an Introduction part. What you should expect from the tutorial series: • How the wearable technology evolves till today including its history? • How they really works with the technology involved? • In the concusive tutorial you can definitly learn how a Mi band really works? • And many more things you don't expect. Let's start!!! How much do you move, sleep or do nothing at all? A crop of new activity trackers promises to collect data on your every move and offer new insights about your health. 1. Learn what your fitness tracker does — and what it doesn't: A variety of fitness trackers are available on the market right now and they've all got their pros and cons. Presumably, you've received the right one for your lifestyle, but a quick review might be worth it. If you're in the right place, take some time to learn just all your tracker does. Most of them handle the basics—the number of steps you take each day, how far you walk—but others do much more. Gadgets like the Jawbone UP and the Fitbit Force monitor your sleep cycle, while the Polar Loop and the Basis 1 measure heart rate to help you understand stress levels (and inducers) throughout the day. Some, like Smart Socks, measure strike speed and heel placement for runner trying to get that next PR. Spend an hour getting to know your new tracker so you can get the most out of it. It's important to note here that even the smartest in smart fitness tech devices come with limitations. If you're an avid runner, your watch may have a difficult time tallying your total distance and step count on your daily run due to the increase in your stride length. Users that travel regularly may see a spike in the altimeter count even if they don't take the stairs due to flight altitude. Understanding this will help in measuring your progress later. 2. Put it on; wear it constantly: Your fitness tracker is designed to report your specific movements and activities each day. In order to receive the best picture of your personal health and fitness level you need to wear it right. Some, such as the Nike+ FuelBand, are designed to be worn on your wrist while others, the Withings Pulse and Fitbug Orb included, are meant to be clipped onto your clothing. These devices are constantly receiving and transmitting data about your daily life (more on that later), and the more information you provide it the better you'll be understand important aspects of your health. 3. Understand your baseline: Like the adage goes, in order to know where you're going, you need to know where you've been. This is true in health, as well. Start by linking your device to your smartphone or computer and entering the basics—height, weight, etc. Next, take a few typical days of your life (i.e. not a week you're on vacation or home sick) and use them as a baseline for your health level. Wear your tracker and understand where you stack up. So you're only active 10 minutes a day, you say? That's one area you can improve. Average walking ten miles a day thanks to your commute? You're an overachiever. Do note: make sure you're being honest here. Most trackers sync with your smartphone to allow you to log food and drink intake each day. Don't lie to yourself. This is all part of using your tracker effectively. 4. Set your health goals: Make sure this is a realistic goal. For example, unless you're Matthew Mcconaughey prepping for the Dallas Buyers Club, it's going to be pretty difficult to drop 25 lbs in one month. Instead, set a challenging but ultimately attainable goal. Try tying this to something you learned in your baseline assessment. Maybe you found out you only walk 2,000 steps a day—well under the CDC's recommended daily steps. Try taking the stairs at work instead of the elevator or park a little further at the grocery, then go up from there. 5. Get moving: This is the most important part of using your new tracker. Most likely you received this gift to increase your physical performance and personal health—now make sure you're using it to help you do that. If not, you just look like you're wearing a weird accessory. 6. Log your progress: The best trackers work with your smartphone to let you log and check in with your progress. My personal favorite—the FitBit Force, tallies calorie intake according to a pre-established daily level tied to a weight-loss goal. Check in regularly to stay on track and committed.That's it! Enjoy your new tracker. The cool thing is this trend is only getting started. Each day, millions of Americans contribute mountains of data about their personal health habits, creating an intricate picture of who’s doing what and where. With researchers predicting that the sale of personal health trackers will increase threefold over the next five years, this picture is going to get even more precise, allowing companies to better customize their products to users. One tracker, the Jawbone UP 24 (anticipated or broad release sometime in 2014) will take a user’s data and suggest ways he can do better for himself tomorrow. But the UP 24 is just one example of smarter fit tech to come. Companies are barely starting to process the vast amount of data obtained from users and are developing new ways to slice this data to develop a more tailored user experience. It's possible we'll start to see fitness trackers that recommend local gym classes based on your activity goals, or stores that even stock athletic apparel based on the favorite workouts of regional users, solidifying their place on users Christmas lists for years to come. That's it with the introduction to Fitness Tracker. I will see you in the next part of this series. Enjoy!!! Credits to original authors Post a Comment
Jarmut or Jarmuth (Ancient Hebrew Yarmuth; Akkadian Yarimuta) may refer to a few sites in Canaan and Ancient Israel: 1. A town mentioned in the Amarna letters as "Yarimuta". Probably located on the Phoenician coast, it was described by Rib-Hadda of Byblos as the place where his people sold their sons and daughters as slaves in order to stay alive. 2. A town mentioned under the name "Yarmuti" as conquered by Sargon of Akkad; it may be identical with the above. 3. A town in the plain of Judah (Joshua 15:35), originally the residence of one of the Canaanite kings (Josh. 10:3, 5, 23). It has been identified by some scholars with the modern Yarmuk, a village about 7 miles northeast of Bayt Jibrin.[1] 4. A Levitical city of the tribe of Issachar (Josh. 21:29), supposed by some to be the Ramah of Samuel (1 Sam. 19:22).[1] Some or all of this article is forked from Wikipedia. The original article was at Jarmut. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. 1. 1.0 1.1 "Easton's Bible Dictionary \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library". Retrieved 2010-02-18. Ad blocker interference detected!
Xem 1-18 trên 18 kết quả Heredity • Chapter 2 covers the basic principles of inheritance, first described by Mendel, that form the foundation of the Laws of Segregation and Independent Assortment. You will see in chapter 4 how these laws relate to chromosome segregation during meiosis. ppt43p tangtuy04 12-03-2016 7 2 Download • Chapter 11 provides knowledge of DNA and Its role in heredity. In this chapter, we will address the following questions: What is the evidence that the gene is DNA? What is the evidence that the gene is DNA? How is DNA replicated? How are errors in DNA repaired? What are some applications of our knowledge of DNA structure and replication? ppt81p tangtuy05 01-04-2016 10 1 Download • Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.[1] Biology is a vast subject containing many subdivisions, topics, and disciplines. pdf417p binhnguyenhoangda 20-03-2012 318 120 Download • Di truyền (tiếng Anh: heredity) là hiện tượng chuyển những tính trạng của cha mẹ cho con cái thông qua gen của bố mẹ. Trong sinh học, di truyền chuyển những đặc trưng sinh học từ một sinh vật cha mẹ đến con cái và nó đồng nghĩa với di chuyển gen, gen thừa nhận mang thông tin sinh học (hay thông tin di truyền). Ngoài ra, các đặc điểm về tính cách, nhận thức và tư duy của con cái có thể được tiếp nhận từ bố mẹ thông qua môi trường sinh họat gia đình (các thói quen,... pdf11p phuonghoangnho 22-03-2010 163 57 Download • Phân tử ADN được coi là "cơ sở vật chất của tính di truyền ở cấp độ phân tử" (molecule of heredity). Tuy nhiên, thực chất về mặt cấu tạo, các ADN không phải một phân tử đơn thuần mà nó được tạo thành từ hai chuỗi polynucleotide, chúng liên kết với nhau và uốn quanh 1 trục tương tự 1 chiếc thang dây xoắn. Cấu trúc này được gọi là cấu trúc xoắn kép (double helix) pdf6p poseidon09 10-08-2011 46 14 Download pdf464p khangoc2392 26-09-2012 28 7 Download • PRIOR to this, no complete, authentic, and authorized record of the work of Mr. Edison, during an active life, has been given to the world. That life, if there is anything in heredity, is very far from finished; and while it continues there will be new achievement. An insistently expressed desire on the part of the public for a definitive biography of Edison was the reason for the following pages. The present authors deem themselves happy in the confidence reposed in them, and in the constant assistance they have enjoyed from Mr. pdf348p believe11 20-02-2013 43 9 Download • Even in work that lies so near the fortuities of animate nature as dairying, stock−breeding, and the improvement of crop plants, a determinate, reasoned routine replaces the rule of thumb. By mechanical control of his materials the dairyman, e.g., selectively determines the rate and kind of the biological processes that change his raw material into finished product. pdf64p bi_ve_sau 05-02-2013 22 4 Download pdf56p maket1311 16-10-2012 20 3 Download • HereDe Lolmewrote not in his usual capacity as an observer andtheorist of government, but as an engaged political participant. He embraced the Repre ´sentants’ call for reformand republican renewal inseveral anonymous polemics that contributed to the vibrant public debate thatGeneva’s rulers found impossible to contain.Themost important of these publicationswas the 1767 La puriﬁcation des trois points de droit souille ´s par un anonyme (The puriﬁcation of three soiled points of law by an anonymous author). pdf400p huetay_1 27-02-2013 32 3 Download • France holds a rather unusual position in the field of evolutionary biology. Whereas French naturalists from Buffon, Cuvier and Lamarck onwards made great discoveries in centuries past, French biologists missed the turning when it came to genetics. Until the 1970s, most French biologists were convinced that genetics was not as interesting as developmental science (some "rare species", for example R. Chandebois, still hold this view). For them, the general principles of heredity resided in the cytoplasm rather than in the genome. pdf290p camchuong_1 04-12-2012 22 2 Download • p 01-01-1970 Download • p 01-01-1970 Download • Uncovering Recurrent Submicroscopic Rearrangements As a Cause of Disease For five decades since Fred Sanger's (1) seminal discovery that proteins have a specific structure, since Linus Pauling's (2) discovery that hemoglobin from patients with sickle cell anemia is molecularly distinct, and since Watson and Crick's (3) elucidation of the chemical basis of heredity, the molecular basis of disease has been addressed in the context of how mutations affect the structure, function, or regulation of a gene or its protein product. pdf446p crius75 04-01-2013 29 1 Download • When the first edition of this book was published in 1993, I commented how notions regarding Tourette’s syndrome (TS) had undergone recent dramatic changes. Major shifts in views of the disorder included identification of its complex spectrum of clinical features (including tics and specific behavioral disorders, particularly obsessive-compulsive disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), establishment of heredity as a major etiological factor, and recognition that, rather than a rare disorder, it occurs quite commonly in the population.... pdf548p crius75 04-01-2013 19 1 Download pdf47p taisaokhongthedung 07-01-2013 25 1 Download • he Theory of the Gene. The book summarizes theoretical conclusions that Morgan has drawn from more than fifteen years of empirical work. The geneticist had initially set out to challenge Mendel’s principles of heredity, but he writes that his work on the chromosomal transmission of genetic characteristics in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has instead confirmed them. His studies have, in addition, begun to identify the physiological bases of observed patterns of genetic inheritance. pdf374p lyly_5 22-03-2013 25 1 Download • Chapter 12 - Patterns of inheritance, after studying this chapter, you should be able to accomplish the following outcomes: List the approaches to science that made Gregor Mendel's genetic experiments successful, define Mendel's law of segregation, contrast dominant alleles with recessive alleles, define genotype and phenotype,... ppt41p tangtuy07 02-04-2016 3 1 Download Đồng bộ tài khoản
Saturday, 28 April 2007 RG Collingwood Robin George Collingwood (February 22, 1889 – January 9, 1943) was a British philosopher and historian. He was the son of W. G. Collingwood. Collingwood was born at Cartmel Fell in Lancashire, and educated at Rugby School and the University of Oxford. Collingwood was a latter day idealist (though he disliked the label), a Waynflete Professor of Metaphysical Philosophy at the University of Oxford. He was the only pupil of F. J. Haverfield to survive World War I. Important influences were the Italian Idealists of the time, Croce, Gentile and de Ruggiero, the last of whom in particular was a close friend as well. Other important influences were Kant, Vico, F. H. Bradley, J. A. Smith, and Ruskin, who was a mentor to his father W. G. Collingwood, professor of fine arts at Reading University, also an important influence. Collingwood is most famous for The Idea of History, a work collated soon after his death from various sources by his pupil, T. M. Knox. The book came to be a major inspiration for postwar philosophy of history in the English-speaking world. It is extensively cited in works on historiography, leading one commentator to ironically remark that Collingwood is coming to be "the best known neglected thinker of our time".[1] Collingwood held that historical understanding occurs when an Historian undergoes the very same thought processes as did the historical personage whom he or she is studying and that in some sense, "recollection" of past thought by an Historian is the very same "thinking" as that of the historical personage. This doctrine, presented in the section of "The Idea of History" entitled "History as the Recollection of Past Experience" invites examination of the act/object distinction for thought. That is, Collingwood considered whether two different people can have the same thought qua act of thinking and not just qua content, writing that "there is no tenable theory of personal identity" preventing such a doctrine. In aesthetics, Collingwood held that any artwork is essentially an expression of emotion. His principal contribution is The Principles of Art. In arguing for the expression theory he followed Croce. He portrayed art as a necessary function of the human mind, and considered it collaborative, i.e., a collective and social activity. In politics Collingwood was a liberal (in a British, centrist sense), ready to defend an over-idealised image of nineteenth-century liberal practice. Collingwood was a serious historian and archaeologist of Roman Britain, a leading authority on the subject. In Oxford he refused to specialize in either of the two areas of philosophy or history, taking an honours degree in both areas. His philosophy of history was completely integrated as part of his actual historical work, and his classic "Roman Britain" is very instructive when read as an example of his philosophy of history. Thursday, 26 April 2007 Alfred Watkins : The Old Straight Track ‘The Spirit of the British Countryside’ (“Genio Terrae Britannicae”) found by RG Collingwood inscribed on a Roman altar in North Britain. From the introduction 1970 edition John Michell … “some four years ago there stood revealed the original sighting pegs used by the earliest track makers in marking out their travel ways.” The revelation took place when Watkins was 65 years old. Riding across the hills near Bredwardine in his native country, he pulled up his horse to look out over the landscape below. At that moment he became aware of a network of lines standing out like glowing wires all over the surface of the country, intersecting at the sites of churches, old stones and other spots of traditional sanctity. The vision is not recorded in The Old Straight Track, but throughout his life Watkins privately maintained that he had perceived in a single flash and, for all his subsequent study, he added nothing to his conviction, save only the realisation of the particular significance of beacon hills as terminal points in the alignments. Some notes on how to look for leys. Evidence to work on: 1. what the earth reveals – earth works, mounds, dykes, stones etc 2. place-names and words 3. folk-lore, legends What to look for 1. ancient mounds, whether called tumulus, tump, barrow, cairn, or other name. 2. ancient unworked stones – not those marked “boundary stone.” 3. moats, and islands in ponds or lakelets. 4. traditional or holy wells 5. beacon points 6. cross roads with place-names, ancient wayside crosses, zig-zags in roads possibly indicate a crossing of leys 7. churches of ancient foundation, and hermitages 8. ancient castles and old “castle” place-names The alignment across miles of country of a great number of objects, sites of objects of prehistoric antiquity. Ignoring the modern roads, tracks etc that can change from century to century … What to do Ideally Alfred recommends two drawing boards (with a map for each and so covering more ground). A method of securing each map to the board, an adjustable T square to enable the angle of the ley to be transferred from one map to the next, a transparent circular protractor for taking orientations, and a box of glass-headed (?) pins used by photographers. A sighting or prismatic compass for fieldwork used in conjunction with the movable head of the square are invaluable aids. Pin down the map square on the drawing board with the T-square passing through identical degree marks on the edges, latitude for leys running east and west, but longitude for leys north and south. The edges of the maps are not truly in line with the degree lines, and must not be the guide. With a compass mark a small circle around the “points” on the map, stick pins into the centre of each point and place a straight edge against this and move to see if three other ringed points (or two and an existing straight road or track) can be found to align. If so, rule a pencil line (provisionally) through the points. You may then find on that line fragments here and there of ancient roads and footpaths; also bits of modern roads conforming toit. Extend the line into adjoining maps, and you may find new sighting pits on it, and it will usually terminate at both ends in a natural hill or mountain peak. When you find a good ley on the map, go over it in the field, and fragments and traces of the trackways may be found, always in straight lines, once seen recognised with greater eases in future. Make a rule to work on sighting points and not tempting as it sometimes is, to take a straight bit of road or track as evidence. Such a straight strtch should be treated as a suggestion for a trial. If supported by three or four points, it becomes corroborative evidence. Three points alone do not prove a ley, four being the minimum. But three point evidence - or one point and straight road – might find support in an adjoining map. Where close detail is required as required as in villages and towns, the one-inch scale is far too small, and the six-inch scale is necessary. The angle of the ley is transferred to it from the one-inch map with the aid of the movable head square. If you travel along the actual sighting line you may find fragments of the road showing as a straight trench in untilled land, although these are few and far between, as the plough obliterates it all. The line usually crosses a river at a known ford or ferry. Remember that if evidence were plentiful and easy to find the ley system would have been discovered long ago, that ancient tracks and roads ( and most barrows and mark stones) have disappeared whenever the plough touches, and that bits to be found are few and far between. In map work certain characterises constantly occur. The ley seeks out ancient camps, and often borders them or passes through a mound in the earthwork. It is impracticable to ring camps as they are not points (ring the mounds). A bit of a zig-zag in a road is almost invariably at the point where an ancient track crossed “at the zig”. Keep your eyes open when cycling or motoring on a bit of straight road for any hill pint or mound, church or castle on a bank which is not only straight in fornt, but keeps fixed in the same position as your travel; for such an observation almost certainly leads to the discovery of a ley through the point on the road. A genuine ley hits the cross-roads or road junctions as if by magic. And it treats them as points, because mark stones once (if not now) existed at them, for it seldom lies on the present roads which cross there. Where two or three field paths converge at a pint, such a point is often on a ley for such points and cross track points remain unchanged down the ages when the tracks have perhaps all changed in psotition. It is almost laughable to find where a ley cross roads Monday, 23 April 2007 Lilacs; my favorite flower Image Hosted by Lilacs on the kitchen table at No. 7 Danes Road, May 2007 Friday, 13 April 2007 Charles Sanders Peirce and the Quincunx Peirce's Quincuncial Projection While working at the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, the American philosopher (actually polymath) Charles Sanders Peirce disclosed his projection in 1879, having been inspired by H.A. Schwarz's 1869 conformal transformation of a circle onto a polygon of n sides. In the normal aspect, Peirce's projection presents the northern hemisphere in a square; the other hemisphere is split into four triangles symmetrically surrounding the first one, akin to star-like projections. In effect, the whole map is a square, inspiring Peirce to call his projection quincuncial, after the arrangement of five items in a cross. About the man: Charles Sanders Peirce (pronounced purse), (September 10, 1839 – April 19, 1914) was an American polymath, physicist, and philosopher, born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Although Peirce was educated as a chemist and was employed as a scientist for 30 years, it is for his contributions to logic, mathematics, philosophy, and the theory of signs, or semiotics, that he is largely appreciated today. The philosopher Paul Weiss, writing in the Dictionary of American Biography for 1934, called Peirce "the most original and versatile of American philosophers and America's greatest logician" (Brent, 1). Peirce was largely ignored during his lifetime, and the secondary literature was scant until after World War II. Much of his huge output is still unpublished. Although he wrote mostly in English, he published some popular articles in French as well. An innovator in fields such as mathematics, research methodology, the philosophy of science, epistemology, and metaphysics, he considered himself a logician first and foremost. While he made major contributions to formal logic, "logic" for him encompassed much of what is now called the philosophy of science and epistemology. He, in turn, saw logic as a branch of semiotics, of which he is a founder. In 1886, he saw that logical operations could be carried out by electrical switching circuits, an idea used decades later to produce digital computers. ref: 19662757 Chris Kemp Plantlife International 14 Rollestone Street 01722 342738 Micah P Hinson Hometown: Abilene, TX Debut album from Texan singer-songwriter, produced by The Earlies released September 2004 Born in the southern US town of Memphis, Tennessee, on the day that President Ronald Reagan was shot in an assassination attempt, Micah (pronounced my-kah) Paul Hinson was raised in a Christian fundamentalist household. As a teenager, Hinson and his family moved to Abilene, Texas, where he became a member of the local music scene. It is here, where Micah first met his then muse a Vogue cover model and widow of a notable local rock star. Introduced to her, and in turn Valium and other narcotics, it was not long before Micahs muse turned into the Black Widow as he now refers to her, and he hit a horrible twist of events. In the Spring of 2000, he was caught forging prescriptions and was sent to county jail I ended up losing my car, my home, all my money, my instruments and recording equipment, and basically my entire family. At the age of 19, Micah found himself homeless and penniless, wandering from pillar to post, sleeping on friends floors. He was eventually forced to declare himself bankrupt and moved into a motel and acquired a mundane telemarketing job. During this period, Micah still managed to write around 30 songs on borrowed instruments and equipment. In the winter of 2003, with help from his old friends from Texas, The Earlies, Micah revisited these songs from his lost period to record his debut album, Micah P. Hinson and the Gospel of Progress. As producers and arrangers of the record (under their Names On Records guise), The Earlies trademark of lush strings, beautiful keyboards and eerie backdrops harmonise perfectly with Micahs honest and exposed style (be sure to check out the lap steel, accordion and piano interplay on Beneath the Rose and the Jack Nietzsche-esque jangling psychedelic soul of At Last, Our Promises). Some collaborations are simply destined for greatness. However, the record never loses sight of Micahs own unique voice his twisted, dark tales of love and loss are matched only by a cracked vocal and songwriting that belies his mere 22 years. Drawing inspiration from his young, yet eventful life, Micah has managed to create a truly timeless sounding record. With the simplest of bittersweet lyrics, he evokes the strongest of emotions. Elipsis Joke Joke made up whilst laughing with Claudia Q: what do you call three moons in the sky? A: An elipsis of the moon! and here is a band called Elipsis Admiral Boyle's sister Edith OEnone Somerville and Martin Ross (aka Edith's cousin Violet Florence Martin) ...Literature, particularly Irish literature, at the turn of the century, took on a new voice. Authors began to make political statements regarding the class system and society. Edith Oenone Somerville and Martin Ross (a pseudonym), were leaders of this literary movement in Ireland, and leaders for women in society. Edith Oenone Somerville was born on the island of Corfu, off the Greek coast, on May 2, 1858. She was a child of the Somerville family of Castletownshend, "a lovely southwest Cork seacoast village dominated by four or five Anglo-Irish Big House families and their extensive social life,"(Charlotte, xiii.). One of her siblings, her brother, Admiral Boyle Townshend Somerville, was an accomplished sailor, as well as an author of many books himself. Edith's cousin, Violet Florence Martin, was born on June 11, 1862, at Ross House in County Galway. In 1889, Violet adopts the pseudonym of Martin Ross, which "was not used exclusively for authorship" (Charlotte, xiii.). Edith and Martin (Violet will be referred to as Martin from this point), originally met on January 17, 1886 at Castletownshend, fourteen years after Martin and her mother moved to Dublin from Galway. The move came after Martin's "father died and her brother, on succeeding to the estate, closed their Big House and moved to London, leaving his mother and younger siblings," to fend for themselves in tough times (Charlotte, xii). This change in fortune, however, affected both Edith and Martin. When the two young women met, they began a lifelong journey of culture, society and, of course literature. They fit together perfectly in their first work, The Buddh Dictionary, a dictionary of terms created throughout the years by their family. As Edith Somerville describes it: "Our respective stars then collided, struck sympathetic sparks. We...discovered in one another a comfortable agreement of outlook in matters artistic and literary...." The pleasure they experienced writing together and their need to earn money...soon prompted them to embark on a more ambitious effort. (Charlotte, xiii) Following a few short efforts, Somerville and Ross publish An Irish Cousin, their first novel, in 1889. The novel began as an effort "begun in idleness and without conviction," (Charlotte, xiii.) but turned into the passionate beginning of a literary career for the young duo... (Vice) Admiral Boyle Somerville - What he was 'Into' He was an experienced sailor, he was very interested and wrote extensively on British ancient monuments, including Stonehenge, it is recorded in Alfred Watkins' - The Old Straight Track that he visited and commented on the barrows in South Uist.Hhe visited Muscat and had an 'encounter' with apes and he wrote papers for the Royal Anthropological Institute. South Uist Alfred Watkins - The Old Straight Track - Alignment of Mounds Admiral Boyle Somerville ("Archaelogia," Vik. LXXIII, p.216), makes it clear that two barrows in the Isle of South Uist, namely, Barp Frobost and North Frobost Barp, lie "on the exact Meridian line (north and south) which passes through the conspicuous (and carried) summits of two hills, Reineval and Askervien." Muscat British Embassy: Muscat - Anecdotes ...Mrs. Cox, the daughter of Surgeon General Hamilton of the Royal Army Medical Corps in India, kept “a troop of apes” living by the stairs to scare off unwanted callers. When Vice-Admiral Boyle Somerville visited Muscat in 1902 he met these colorful characters who “gnashed their teeth, yearningly, on the unfortunate visitor; they leapt and danced at the full extent of their straining waist-chains, clucking and gibbering at him, or hideously shrieking battle, murder, and sudden death; they seized the handrail – mercifully a stout one, and they could only just reach it – and shook it in impotent fury. In brief, they put the wind up you. Mrs. Cox had in 1895 in India kept two monkeys, Toto and Teddy who were “always getting loose and making hay around the place” but whether it was these two that Somerville encountered we do not know... Royal Anthropological Institute - ...There are Council minute books and publications, and a huge variety of letters covering several Committees, Awards, Lectures and all matters concerning the Institute. These are divided into subject areas, and there is a comprehensive index, which is being added to continuously, as more material is archived. This is available for consultation, and the archives can be viewed by appointment, except for material produced in the last thirty years. The Manuscript collection covers material not available in published form, and includes donations of papers left to the Institute. Examples include the papers of: • M.E. Durham • N.G. Munro • R.S. Rattray • M.W. Smith • E.H. Man • M.L. Tildesley • Sir E. im Thurn • Vice Admiral Boyle T. Somerville • E. Dayrell • A.B. Deacon • M.W. Hilton-Simpson • C.W. Hobley The material includes field-notes, letters, sketch-books, diaries, cuttings and photographs, hand-written vocabularies, genealogies, prize essays, and notes, both hand-written and typed, on subjects covering every field of anthropology. This material is also indexed and may be examined by appointment. There are some copying restrictions, but notes may be taken. Enquiries should be made to the Archives Officer, Sarah Walpole, by phone on +44 (0)20 7387 0455, fax on +44 (0)20 7388 8817, or email at Xenis Emputae Travelling Band Xenis Emputae Travelling Band (XETB) came into being in 2001, while exploring the ancient monuments of Cornwall. The project is a one-man ‘band’, with occasional collaborators, dedicated to playing an avant-folk music which draws mainly upon psychogeographic practices and folklore in order to ‘channel’ the physical and psychic landscapes. The initial Cornish recordings which were carried out subsequent to crawling through the ancient holed stone at Men-an-Tol are documented on Full Moon June. From that point, the main intent of XETB has been to use the genius locii of places, local folklore, psychogeography and intuitional observations etc. as the starting point of what I call ‘ether-folk’. With the exception of the aforementioned release and The Suffolk Workings other excursions by XETB have been closer to home, concentrating on the Ridings of Yorkshire. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For Sir Francis Galton's machine for demonstrating the normal distribution named "quincunx", see bean machine. Five dots forming a quincunx Five dots forming a quincunx A quincunx is the arrangement of five units in the pattern corresponding to the five-spot on dice, playing cards, or dominoes. The quincunx is named after the Roman coin of the same name. The significance of the quincunx pattern originates in Pythagorean mathematical mysticism. This pattern lies at the heart of the Pythagorean tetraktys, a pyramid of ten dots. To the Pythagoreans the number five held particular significance and the quincunx pattern represented this significance. Quincunx patterns occur in many contexts: * A quincunx was the standard tactical formation for elements of a Roman legion. * A quincunx is a standard pattern for planting an orchard, especially in France. * Quincunxes are used in modern computer graphics as a supersampling pattern for anti-aliasing. Quincunx antialiasing samples scenes at the corners and centers of each pixel. These five sample points, in the shape of a quincunx, are combined to produce each displayed pixel. However, samples at the corner points are shared with adjacent pixels, so the number of samples needed is only twice the number of displayed pixels. [1] * The spots on the 5th side of a (playing) die form a quincunx. * In astrology (and less commonly in astronomy), a quincunx (also known as an inconjunct) is an astrological aspect of five-twelfths of a circle, or 150°, between two objects (the Sun, Moon, planets or signs). * In architecture, a quincuncial plan, also defined as a "cross inscribed in a square", is the plan of an edifice composed of nine bays. The central and the four angular ones are covered with domes or groin vaults; the other four are surmounted by barrel vaults. The English physician Sir Thomas Browne in his philosophical discourse The Garden of Cyrus (1658) elaborates upon evidence of the quincunx pattern in art, nature and mystically as 'evidence' of intelligent design. The Triangle The triangle represents the sacred Trinity. The apex pointing upward stands for the ascent to heaven, fire, and the active male principle. When the apex is pointed downwards, it symbolizes grace pouring from heaven, water, and the passive female principle (Taoist spirit of the valley). Two equilateral triangles, one with apex up and the other down, represents fire & water— superimposed so as to form a 6-pointed star (Solomon's seal or the Judaic Star of David), and is used as a symbol of the human soul. Dante and Beatrice Dante completed La Vita Nuova (1294) when he was 29 years old. Yet he felt that his love sonnets still did not do justice to honor the beauty and blessedness of his dear Beatrice. So he vowed to write a poem to honor his beloved that has never been written of any woman. Dante fulfilled this promise 27 years later just before his death, when he finished La Commedia (1321)— the greatest love poem about the soul's ascent from Inferno to Purgatory to Paradise. What's insightful about this journey is that the poet Virgil took Dante only up to the heights of Mount Purgatory. From that point onward, only Beatrice could guide Dante to Paradise. Here Dante would learn about universal gravitation as he flies through the heavenly spheres, sharing with us his celestial vision, and concluding Paradiso with “ by Love that moves the sun, the moon, and the other stars.” I find it fascinating that Goethe echoed Dante's vision with “Eternal Feminine, leads us above” when he concluded his epic drama Faust just before his death (1832). Lao Tzu also advises us “to cling to the feminine” in the Tao Te Ching XXVIII (6th century B.C.). Perhaps the male principle (yang or animus) as represented by Virgil or logic could take our intellect only so far, and we need to harness the feminine principle (yin or anima) as represented by Beatrice or intuition to penetrate the realm beyond space-time so we could experience the transcendence and blessedness of paradise. Wednesday, 11 April 2007 Tuesday, 3 April 2007 The Perennial Philosophy What the poet and the painter see: Aldous Huxley, 1947, page 72 ...Every individual being, from the atom up to the most hightly organised of living bodies and the most exalted of finite minds, may be thought of, in Rene Guenon's phrase, as a point where a ray of the primordial Godhead meets one of the differentiated, creaturely emanations of that same Godhead's creative energy. The creature, as creature, may be very far from God, in the sense that it lacks the intelligence to dicover the nature of the divine Ground of its being. But the creature in its eternal essence - as the meeting place of creatureliness and primordial Godhead - is one of the infinite number of points where divine Reality is wholly and eternally present. Because of this, rational beings can come to the unitive knowledge of the divine Ground, non-rational and inanimate beings may reveal to rational beings the fullness of God's presence within their material forms. The poet's or the painter's vision of the divine in nature, the worshipper's awareness of a holy presence in the sacrament, symbol or image - these are not entirely subjective. True, such perceptions cannot be had by all percievers, for knowledge is a function of being; but the thing known is independent of the mode and nature of the knower. What the poet and painter see, and try to record for us, is actually there, waiting to be apprehended by anyone who has the right kind of faculties. Similarly, in the image or the sacramental object, the divine Ground is wholly present. Faith and devotion prepare the worshipper's mind for perceiving the ray of Godhead at its point of intersection with the particular fragment of matter before him. Incidentally, by being worshipped, such symbols become the centres of a field of force. The longings, emotions and imaginations of those who kneel and, for generations, have knelt before the shrine create, as it were, an enduring vortex in the psychic medium, so that the image lives with a secondary, inferior divine life projected on to it by its worshippers, as well as with the primary divine life which, in common with all other animate and inanimate beings, it possesses in virtue of its relation to the divine Ground. The religious experience of sacrementalists and image worshippers may be perfectly genuine and objective; but it is not always or necessarily an experience of God or the Godhead. It may be, and perhaps in most cases it actually is, an experience of the field of force generated by the minds of past and present worshippers and projected on to the sacramental object where it sticks, so to speak, in a condition of what may be called second-hand objectivity, waiting to be perceived by minds suitably attuned to it. How desirable this kind of experience really is will have to be discussed in another sections... ...'To its heights we can always come.' For those of us who are still splashing about in the lower ooze, the phrase has a rather ironical ring. Nevertheless, in the light of even the most distant acquaintance with t he heights and the fullness, it is possible to understand what its author means. To discover the Kingdom of God exclusively within oneself is easier than to discover it, not only there, but also in the outer world of minds and things and living creatures. It is easier because the heights within reveal themselves to those who are ready to exclude from their pruview all that lies without. And though this exclusion may be a painful and mortifactory process, the fact remains that it is less arduous than the process of inclusion, by which we come to know the fullness as well as the heights of spiritual life. Where there is exclusive concentration on the heights within, temptations and distractions are avoided and there is a general denial and suppression. But when the hope is to know God inclusively - to realise the divine Ground in the world as well as in the soul, temptations and distractions must not be avoided, but submitted to and used as opportunities for advance; there must be no suppression of outward-turning activities, but a transformation of them so that they become sacramental. Mortification becomes more searching and more subtle; there is need of unsleeping awareness and, on the levels of thought, feeling and conduct, the constant exersise of something like an artist's tact and taste.... Monday, 2 April 2007 Walt Whitman Walter Whitman (May 31, 1819March 26, 1892) was an American poet, essayist, journalist, and humanist. Proclaimed the "greatest of all American poets" by many foreign observers a mere four years after his death, he is viewed as the first urban poet. His works have even been translated into more than 25 languages.[1] Whitman is among the most influential and controversial poets in the American canon. His work has been described as a "rude shock" and "the most audacious and debatable contribution yet made to American literature."[2] He largely abandoned the metrical structures of European poetry for an expansionist freestyle verse—"irregular" but "beautifully rhythmic"— which represented his philosophical view that America was destined to reinvent the world as emancipator and liberator of the human spirit.[3] As Whitman wrote in Leaves of Grass (By Blue Ontario's Shore), "Rhymes and rhymers pass away— . . . America justifies itself, give it time . . ." Unfolded Out of the Folds Walt Whitman Unfolded out of the folds of the woman man comes unfolded, and is always to come unfolded, Unfolded only out of the superbest woman of the earth is to come the superbest man of the earth, Unfolded out of the friendliest woman is to come the friendliest man, Unfolded only out of the perfect body of a woman can a man be form'd of perfect body, Unfolded only out of the inimitable poems of woman can come the poems of man, (only thence have my poems come;) Unfolded out of the strong and arrogant woman I love, only thence can appear the stong and arrogant man I love, Unfolded by brawny embraces from the well-muscled woman I love, only thence come the brawny embraces of the man, Unfolded out of the folds of the woman's brain come all the folds of the man's brain, duly obendient, Unfolded out of the justice of the woman all justice is unfolded, Unfolded out of the sympathy of the woman is all sympathy; A man is a great thing upon the earth and through eternity, but every jot of the greatness of man is unfolded out of woman; First the man is shaped in the woman, he can then be shaped in himself. The Expiration John Donne So, so break off this last lamenting kiss, Which sucks two souls, and vapours both away, Turn thou ghost that way, and let me turn this, And let ourselves benight our happiest day, We asked none leave to love; nor will we owe any So cheap a death, as saying, Go; Go: and if that work have not quite killed thee, Ease me with death, by bidding me go too. Oh, if it have, let my word work on me, And a just office on a murderer do. Except it be too late, to kill me so, Being double dead, going, and bidding, go. John Donne (IPA pronunciation: [dʌn]), 1572March 31, 1631) was a Jacobean poet and preacher, representative of the metaphysical poets of the period. His works, notable for their realistic and sensual style, include sonnets, love poetry, religious poems, Latin translations, epigrams, elegies, songs, satires and sermons. His poetry is noted for its vibrancy of language and immediacy of metaphor, compared with that of his contemporaries. Donne came from a Roman Catholic family, and so he experienced persecution until his conversion to the Anglican Church. Despite his great education and poetic talents, he lived in poverty for several years, relying heavily on wealthy friends. In 1615 he became an Anglican priest and in 1621 Dean of St Paul's. His literary works reflect these trends, with love poetry and satires from his youth, and religious sermons during his later years. Gold of abstruse imagination Sir Thomas Browne, The Camelot Classics, Ed: Ernest Rhys 1886 Introduction by John Addington Symonds, page xxvix Sir Thomas Browne's brain was like a crucible for reducing heterogeneous and various experience to the potable gold of abstruse imagination. The world he mostly thought of was the world of his own mind; the material globe he used at times for his recreation. When he affronts Death, his "abject conceit of this common way of existence, this retaining to the sun and elements." The gorgeous tombs and sculptured urns of princes make him exclaim in scorn, that "to subsist in bones, and be but pyramidally extant, is a fallacy in duration." When he casts his eyes backward over years gone by, he sighs because "it is too late to be ambitious. The great mutations of the world are acted, or time may be too short for our designs." Between the world of facts and the world of dreams he sees no difference, except that perhaps the sleeping is more real than the waking. "There is an equal delusion in both, and the one doth but seem to be an emblem or picture of the other; we are somewhat more than ourselves in our sleep, and the slumber of the body seems to be but the waking of the soul." In measuring himself, he takes the universe for his standard: "The earth is a point, not only in respect of the heavens above us, but of that heavenly or celestial part within us... That surface that tells the heavens it hath an end, cannot persuade me I have any." Although with obvious sincerity and feeling candour he assures us that he has no taint of pride, yet he stands thus haughtily upon the pedestal of human dignity: "There is surely a piece of divinity in us; something that was before the elements, and owes no homage unto the sun." We need not wonder why a thinker of this stamp, to whom mystery was as the breath of his intellectual nostrils, and the apprehension of the divine in man and nature as his daily food, should have written: " Now for my life, it is a miracle of thiry years, which, to relate, were not a history , but a piece of poetry, and would sound to common ears like a fable." We need not speculate with Dr. Johnson what there could have been in the young physician's unevenrful career to justify this "solomn assertion." Extremes meet, and Walt Whitman's "ever recurring miracle of the grass" tallies Sir Thomas Browne's enthusiastic comtemplation of his manhood - "To me, every hour of the light and dark is a miracle, Every inch of space is a miracle, Every spear of grass - the frames, limbs, organ, of men and women, and all that concerns them, All these to me are unspeakably perfect miracles." This is the utterence of a mind cast in the same mystical, yet sanely realistic, mould as Sir Thomas Browne's. Only Browne retained something of exclusiveness, something derived from the past age of feudalism, a tincture of that humanistic conception of man's worth, which implied contempt for the illiterate vulgar. Browne was emphatically a mental aristocrat; and this perhaps may be transmitted to the reader as the surest key-word to his writngs.
Deep South Map of the Deep South: traditional states are in dark red, while East Texas, West Tennessee, and North Florida are sometimes counted The Deep South is a cultural and geographic subregion of the American South, consisting of the states of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina. The term "Deep South" refers to states where cotton production, plantations, and slave societies were prominent during the pre-American Civil War era, and the region was once predominantly inhabited by African-Americans, but the Great Migration of the early 20th century saw a decrease in the African-American population. Today, the Deep South is often associated with the most concentrated form of the "Dixie"/southern identity, including southern accents, plaid shirts and jeans, hospitality, devout Christianity, and conservatism, with racism unfortunately being a recurring theme in the south. Ad blocker interference detected!
1. order by priority 2. quality 3. code readability is more important than speed of work of that code 4. block modularity 5. flexibility 6. usability 7. minimalism 8. should be things, which are needed to 80% of users 9. less options 10. split big tasks into smaller ones 11. do not focus on competitors, just do what you want to do 12. important is not to lose the idea during the development 13. product should solve problem 14. beleive in what you do or product will not be good about non-sense micro-optimizations: As most of us, I am tired to read blog posts about non-sense micro-optimizations like replacing print by echo, ++$i by $i++, or double quotes by single quotes. Why? Because 99.999999% of the time, it is irrelevant. Why? Because 99.99% of the time, you'd better install a PHP accelerator like APC, or add these missing indexes on your database columns, or try to avoid those 1000 database requests you have on the homepage. print uses one more opcode because it actually returns something. We can conclude that echo is faster than print. But one opcode costs nothing, really nothing. Which method is easier to read? $str = "Hello"; $number = 123; printf("%s world. Day number %u",$str,$number); // method 1 echo $str . " world. Day number " . $number; // method 2 Code readability is more important than micro-optimization because in most part of cases micro-optimization does not worth it. Premature optimization is the root of all evil. Donald Knuth Unprefixed property should be the last .style { -prefix-something: awesome; something: awesome; Leave a Reply
Feathers Test \| Mid-Book Test - Medium Buy the Feathers Lesson Plans Name: _________________________ Period: ___________________ Multiple Choice Questions 1. What does Frannie say she thinks of when she sees the graffiti on buildings in the neighborhood? (a) Parks and swings. (b) A giant with a marker. (c) Gangs . (d) Hatred and violence. 2. What's the weather like on the day of the new boy's arrival in Frannie's class? (a) It's storming. (b) It's hot. (c) It's raining. (d) It's snowing. 3. Why doesn't Sean attend the same school as Frannie? (a) He's younger. (b) He has been in trouble with the law. (c) His school is for students with special needs. (d) He's older. 4. What had Frannie been thinking about that very morning? (a) That she wished something new would happen. (b) The year she'd missed a month of school. (c) That she hopes no one new shows up to their class. (d) That she wishes it would stop raining so much. 5. Who does Frannie's father work for? (a) Interdevelopment Corporation. (b) Interstate Moving. (c) Indiana Department of Education. (d) Inner City Teachers Coalition. Short Answer Questions 1. What's Sean's response when Daddy says he's to wash the dishes? 2. What kind of shoes is the new boy wearing? 3. How long have Samantha and Frannie been friends? 4. What is the name of the school Sean attends? 5. What grade is Frannie in? Short Essay Questions 1. What does the new boy reveal about himself, where his family had been prior to his arrival at Price, and why he'd moved to Price? 2. What does Frannie discover when the new boy's father walks into the rec center and what are the reactions of Frannie and Trevor. 3. What did Frannie's parents begin doing after Lila's death and what is the significance of this action? 4. What does Frannie say some people might see if they looked into her neighborhood and what does she think about her neighborhood? 5. What do Sean, Frannie and Mama do on Saturday morning? 6. What does Frannie say is the sign for "believe" and why does she think it's appropriate? 7. What does Daddy tell Frannie about her worry over her mother and the new baby? 8. What is the game Sean and Frannie sometimes play about sounds and give one example of their game. 9. What is Frannie's mother's interpretation of the poem about hope, and what does Sean say about it? 10. What does Frannie say about her grandmother, her church attendance and her Bible? (see the answer keys) This section contains 896 words (approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page) Buy the Feathers Lesson Plans Feathers from BookRags. (c)2017 BookRags, Inc. All rights reserved. Follow Us on Facebook
Garden of Shadows Test \| Mid-Book Test - Medium Buy the Garden of Shadows Lesson Plans Name: _________________________ Period: ___________________ Multiple Choice Questions 1. What did Malcolm's mother represent? (a) A butterfly. (b) The ugly duckling. (c) The swan. (d) None of these. 2. What did the women talk about? (a) Both of these. (b) How to redecorate their homes. (c) Neither of these. (d) Clothing styles. 3. What did Olivia consider sweet about Malcolm? (a) That he had given her the day to herself. (b) Neither of these. (c) Both of these. (d) That he didn't want her tiring herself before the reception. 4. What was Olivia not to discuss at the table? (a) The woman's suffrage movement. (b) A woman's place in the world. (c) When she got her period. (d) How she lost her mother. 5. What did doctors dub this neckline? (a) The Plague blouse. (b) The Death blouse. (c) The Indecent blouse. (d) The Pneumonia blouse. Short Answer Questions 1. Where will Malcolm's father be sleeping? 2. Where did Malcolm ask Olivia to marry him? 3. At what age was Olivia already considered a spinster? 4. What did Olivia wear that had belonged to her mother? 5. What did Malcolm's mother have all over the house? Short Essay Questions 1. What had Olivia been certain about in regards to the attic? 2. How did Olivia feel when she had awakened? 3. How did Olivia's nervousness affect her? 4. How did Malcolm react to the news that Olivia couldn't have any more children after Joel? 5. What comparisons do the household staff make in regards to Olivia and Alicia? 6. How was Garland and Alicia's love obvious? 7. What news came by way of Malcolm to Olivia? 8. In what way did Malcolm acknowledge Olivia's desire to be loved? 9. How did Garland speak of Malcolm in reference to his childhood? 10. How did Mal's birth revive Olivia's hopes for love? What actually occurred? (see the answer keys) This section contains 878 words (approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page) Buy the Garden of Shadows Lesson Plans Garden of Shadows from BookRags. (c)2017 BookRags, Inc. All rights reserved. Follow Us on Facebook
Study your flashcards anywhere! Download the official Cram app for free > • Shuffle Toggle On Toggle Off • Alphabetize Toggle On Toggle Off • Front First Toggle On Toggle Off • Both Sides Toggle On Toggle Off • Read Toggle On Toggle Off How to study your flashcards. H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key A key: Read text to speech.a key Play button Play button Click to flip 190 Cards in this Set • Front • Back Relationship between Growth and Trade Data shows that countries that have higher growth tends to be more open to trade. What do we mean by "growth" graphically? The PPF grows outward/shifts to the right Two kinds of causes of growth 1. Factors of Production 2. Technology Increase in Factors of Production (examples) 1. Growth in labor force 2. accumulation of physical capital 3. accumulation of human capital (education) 4. accumulation/new find of mineral resources How do changes in factor supplies affect quantities of production? Rybczynski Theorem Rybczynski Theorem: Suppose economy's supply of capital increases (holding labor constant) then, holding relative prices constant, economy will produce more of a capital intensive good and less of the labor intensive good. {and vice versa K<-->L) Rybczynski Theorem: results graphically -The PPF shifts out but it is BIASED towards the capital-intensive good (if capital supply increased) -So the input that grows at a faster rate makes the PPF shift in a biased direction toward the good that is intensive in the faster growing input. What are the two endpoints of the new PPF of the Rybcynski Theorem represent? -given that the factor that good x is intensive in increased, -The point at which we would only produce good y (increased very little) and if we were only producing good x (increased a lot) graphically, what does it mean to "hold relative prices constant"? stick to the same price line; i.e. slope does not change How does Growth affect Trade? ex. China and U.S. -if China's K increased, then the incentive to trade is reduced since the degree of comparative advantage is reduced; reduces import demand for capital intensive goods from U.S. which leads to a reduced production in labor intensive goods, therefore exports to U.S. is also reduced Effects of changes in world demand and supply of K-intensive vs. L-intensive goods... work to reduce the international price of K-intensive goods relative to L-intensive goods "terms of trade" imports relative to exports "improvement" and "deterioration" Immiserizing Growth case in which extremely biased growth in direction of export good causes such a big deterioration in TOT that welfare is LOWER after growth compared to pre-growth (graphically, relative price reduced and lower IC) How does trade affect growth? (recently opened topic) Trade libralization: -made firms more productive/efficient -but also caused less efficient firms to drop out of the market/exit the market Possible reasons for results of trade liberalization 1. transfer of technology 2. reverse engineering 3. better allocation of resources (i.e. higher skilled workers not working in factories) Rybczynski Theorem (GRAPH) Graphs of Importing Country: Include Import Demand Curve, Free Trade, label Imports Import demand curve initial price set at the equilibrium price w/o trade Small Importing Country: Draw Import Demand Curve and Export Supply curve -export supply curve is flat because they are "price-takers" Import quotas a legal limitation on the quantity (value) of a good that can be imported per period of time quota distorted price the price at which the amount of imports demanded equals what the law says we can import "quota rent" monopoly profit/not a normal rate of return on investment Ways to allocate licenses 1. Randomly give away 2. Auction off licenses (then govt gets "c") 3. Have to PROVE worthy of license (not completely all shown on graph) amount of import quota has to equal the total # of licenses Two major types of Non-Tariff Barriers 1. Import Quotas 2. "Voluntary" Export Restraints (VERs) "Voluntary" Export Restraints (VERs) "voluntarily" limit how much they choose to export What does VER do for competition it is almost as if the competition is taken away since guaranteed market through export restrains Who are the losers and winners of VERs? Losers: US Consumers Winners: US and Japanese Producers "Quality Upgrading" -unintended effect of VER -since limitation on quantity exported, only export highest mark-up car (with biggest profit) Unintended effects of VERs 1. Quality Upgrading 2. RENAMING of products (Playing games with categorizing things to avoid restrictions: better for U.S. consumers, worse for U.S. automakers) Other NTBs (Non-Tariff Barriers) 1. Healthy and Safety Regulations (ex. EU, US and beef; prescription drugs) 2. Red Tape (Regulations that are confusing and complicated) 3. Gov't procurement practices Red Tape -Regulations that are confusing and complicated 1. raise cost of business transactions 2. make transactions uncertain example: France and VCRs, one port VER deadweight lost = (1/2)(Q imports reduced)(increased price) ad valorem fixed percentage tariff rate deadweight loss for ad valorem tariff (1/2)(price increase due to the tariff)(Reduction in Q of imports) note: price increase due to the tariff = tPft DWL as share of GDP = (1/2)(t)(Reduction in Q of imports)(Value of imports/GDP) so how big is the DWL as share of GDP in the real world? probably less than 1% of GDP...relatively small "Most Favored Nation" clause in WTO agreement no country can discriminate against other countries of the WTO Complete the diagram to show an Import Quota At Pqd, amount that we want to import is exactly the amount we are legally allowed to do Complete to show the DWL due to tariff; how do we calculate the DWL A = (1/2)(Q imports reduced)(Increased price) Draw a diagram to show the effects of an import quota on an import country's market like the U.S. Pqd = quota distorted price Q bar = amount of import quota What are a, b, c, d for Import Quota? a = increase in producer surplus a + b + c + d = loss of consumer surplus c = the value of the right to import the product; Quota Rent What is the relationship between "c" and Q bar? total # licenses have to add up to Q bar; "c" is representative of the licenses What is the net effect of welfare for Import Quota? If all licenseholders are U.S., then the net effect of welfare is loss of b+d What are the losses/gains if this is for Volutnary Export Restraint? area c is earned by exporters loss to consumers: a + b + c + d losers: U.S. consumers Winners: U.S. and Japanese Producers What are the implications on price with a flat Export Supply Curve? If the price is less than Pft then export everything to us If price is greater than Pft then no exports to us specific tariff tax levied on good PER UNIT of import ad valorem % value tariff (ex. sales tax) Pft = free trade price Ptd = tariff distorted price = Pft + t Ptd - Pft = How does tariff affect economic welfare? (Think only about importing country) 1. Higher prices --> consumers worse off 2. Higher price --> benefit Domestic Producers 3. Govt collects revenue (better off) Consumer surplus is everything under Demand Curve but above P Producer Surplus is above the Supply curve but above the price line To a small importing country, government revenue is a GOOD thing Government Revenue = tariff * Quantity of Imports b = production effect/distortion small since the country has a comparative DISadvantage, inefficient use of resources d = consumption effect/distortion represents loss to consumers who don't buy as much due to increase in price off-setting gain where there is a loss AND a gain; i.e. comes out of consumers' pockets and into producers'/govts' pockets For a small importing country, what is the effect of tariff on welfare? introducing a tariff ALWAYS reduces welfare (assume everthing else is going OK in economy) Difference between small importing country and large importing country? upward sloping export supply curve in world market Large importing country Ptd = t + Pexport (tariff + the export country price) How do we begin to look at tariff effects on large importing country? we have to start on the right side with the world market Effects of tariff on Large Importing country 1. higher prices --> loss to CS 2. higher prices --> gain to domestic PS 3. tax revenue --> (tariffQ import) TOT for large importing country and tariff If the Price of import decreases, then TOT better Show change in price in both a small importing country and world market for a tariff Ptd = Pft + tariff tariff = Ptd - Pft Describe the effects of tariff on consumer surplus of small importing country loss of CS = A + B A = loss to all consumers who were already in the market B = loss to consumers who are unable to purchase because of expensive prices Show the tariff effects on PS of small importing country C + D = gain in producer surplus C = gain to producers who had already been in market D = new producers entering market or existing producers producing more Show government revenue of tariff on small importing country Government Revenue = tariffQ of imports Show ALL effects of tariff on small importing country -- PS, CS, revenue A+B+C+D= loss of CS A=PS Gain C=govt revenue (gain) B+D = representation of loss to economy; net effect of tariff B = production effect/distortion D= consumption effect/distortion Show welfare, restricted imports and free trade imports World DWL = (1/2)(reduction in imports)(tariff rate) Draw the graphs to show a large importing country, world market, and effects of tariff Ptd = t + Pexport Pexport = the export country price Price of free trade determined by WORLD MARKET What are the gains/losses of the tariff? Consumer loses: A+B+C+D Producer gains: A Govt gains: C+E After offsets, left w/ B, D, E What are the implications of the region "E" and welfare? "E" = measurement of the value of TOT improvement If E > (B+D) then welfare increases If E < (B+D) then welfare decreases Show graphically the effects of tariffs on the WORLD MARKET when talking about large importing country Note that the tariff is equal to Ptd-Pexport What does each part represent? C = part of tariff how much we import E = TOT loss from exporters view; TOT gain to importing country What is the reason for trade? Comparative advantage What are two implications of comparative advantage? 1. trade is motivated by differences amongst countries 2. trade involves exports of some goods in return for imports of totally different goods. What is Interindustry trade? trade that involves exports of some goods in return for imports of totally different good (i.e. import corn, export cars. No mistake that the goods are different) Import demand curve is derived from underlying ordinary demand curves situation of self-sufficiency; no trade Producer Surplus? return of the specialized input; (not)profit Horizontal Export Supply curve represents Infinitely elastic S curve Draw the three graphs of the US, World and Indonesian T-shirt market with free trade -the US equilibrium price sets the price for the Import Demand curve in the world -Pft is below autarky for the US but above autarky for Indonesia (the export country) Show the quantity of imports at free trade Note that Qft = imports for US and exports for Indonesia (graph) show total CS with just a demand curve What is the rltnsp between price and CS? If Price goes down, CS goes up If Price goes up, CS goes down What does the height of the demand curve represent? Height of Demand Curve represents marginal consumer's maximum willingness to pay (Graph) Show CS with demand curve only when U.S. opens up to trade Explain differentiation within CS Whole shaded in area is increase in CS Square = Gain to consumers already in the market Triangle = gain to expanded market/market entrants (Graph) Show producer surplus with Supply curve only What is the rltnsp between price and PS? Supply curve is the lowest acceptable price to bring quantity into the market When Price increases, PS increases When Price decreases, PS decreases (Graph) Show change in producer surplus when open up to trade Differentiation within PS Total shaded area equals loss of producer surplus Square = loss to producers who remain in market triangle = loss to producers forced to exit market (Graph) Show change in CS and PS together for importing country and net gain from trade Purple triangle area = net gain from trade (to the US) (Graph) Show change in CS and PS for exporting country like Indonesia when open to free trade Note that consumers lose, Producers gain Pft ABOVE autarky What is General Equlibrium Analysis? Looks for the equilibrium between all markets simultaneously (recognize links between markets) What is Partial Equilibrium analysis? ex. look at one market --> i.e. t-shirts 2 Assumptions for General Equilibrium Analysis 1. Assume 2 goods (Bread, Cheese) 2. 1 input (labor) Ricardian model of trade (assumptions:) 1. 2 goods 2. 1 input/factor of production 3. Perfect Competition 4. labor mobility between sectors 5. Assume 2 countries; labor cannot move between countries this stands for = amount of labor used to produce one unit of bread How do you find the total labor used to produce good B? (equation) (Ricardian Model) Alb * Qb = total labor used to produce B (Amt labor used to produce 1 unit * # units) How do you find the supply of labor? (Ricardian Model) AlbQlb + AlcQc = L (find the sum of total labor used to produce both goods) Draw a Production Possibilities Frontier for a Ricardian Model Economy Note that (L/alc) derived from original formula for total labor used to produce good c What does the Ricardian Model say about the wage rate? It's the same in both sectors Why is the wage rate the same for both sectors? (Ricardian) since labor is mobile between sectors there is only one wage rate Price = cost per unit Pb derived from (in terms of wage rate, etc) Pb = Alb * w (amt labor required to produce one unit * wage rate) Pb/Pc = relative price = (in rltnsp to PPF) absolute value of the slope of PPF (Ricardian Model) Show the cycle between relative prices and Home, Foreign that lead to the situation where relative prices are the same for both countries Note direction of arrows: Home has comparative advantage in bread, which is why bread is being exported from home to foreign and vice versa (Graph) Show changes when opened up to trade if the new equilibrium of relative price of bread to cheese is 3 Note that we are looking at CONSUMPTION POSSIBILITIES WITH TRADE (not production) What will Home end up selling now? HOME will sell ONLY bread because they will receive 3 cheese for every 1 Bread end up SPECIALIZING in bread RICARDIAN model of comp adv: How do we justify that everyone benefits from trade? since everyone is alike/the same: when one worker benefits, everyone benefits RICARDIAN: what role does comp. adv. have in trade? it determines WHAT we trade How is "absolute advantage" reflected? reflected in the WAGE RATE: HOME workers have higher wages (labor is more productive) --> higher wage but also higher productivity What are the different names of the H-O model? Heckscher-Ohlin Model (H-O) Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson (H-O-S) 2x2x2 model Factor Endowment Model Factor Proportions Model Assumptions of H-O model 1. 2 goods (x, y) 2. 2 Factors of production (K&L) 3. 2 countries (Home, Foreign) 4. Perfect Competition 5. Factors can move btwn sectors 6. Both countries have same technology *7. Assume that preferences are the same in all countries Weaknesses of Ricardian model of comparative advantage 1. always lead to specialization 2. leads to over-specialization: (1 country, 1 good) 3. Everyone benefits from trade (there is no harm) 4. everyone is alike Differences between assumptions of Ricardian and H-O model 1. 2 factors of production (in Ricardian only 1 --> Labor) 2. H-O: Both countries have same technology; Ricardian: diff countries have diff technologies as shown by diff. labor productivity What does the PPF for the HO model look like? "concave toward the origin" bends toward origin Increasing opportunity cost of producing good x (the more x we produce, the more costly the opp cost is) Properties of concaved PPF in rltnsp with opp. cost inreasing marginal cost/opportunity cost of producing good goes both ways (x, y) Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns Each extra unit of variable input adds less to output than the unit before it. where do relatively capital-intensive/labor-intensive sectors come from? using inputs (K, L) in different proportions Community Indifference Curve - all combinations of x & y that leave economy at same level of satisfaction/welfare Properties of Indifference Curves downward sloping convex towards origin do not intersect State the Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem: The capital abundant countries will have a comparative advantage in the capital intensive good. (The Labor abundant country has a comparative advantage in Labor Intensive good) Factor-Price Equalization Theorem free trade leads to the same real wage rate for labor (of a given type or skill) in different countries. Separately, it also says that free trade leads to the same real rental rate (for a given type of land) in different countries Stolper-Samuelson Theorem an increase in the price of the capital-intensive good relative to the price of the labor-intensive good will cause real income of capital owners to increase and real wage to fall. (LR) Does the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem address short run or long run changes? Long-run result: In the LR, the affect of trade on real income depends on WHO you are, not WHERE you are (also doesn't matter where you spend your income) What are the 4 theorems we learned? 1. Ricardian Model of Comparative Advantage 2. Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem 3. Factor-Price Equalization Theorem 4. Stolper-Samuelson Theorem How does real income increase? 1. prices stay same, wage goes up 2. wage stays same, price goes down Is the H-O Theorem talking about LR or SR? H-O theorem predicts LONG RUN results since Capital and Labor are able to move between sectors In the H-O Theorem, what kinds of people are there? Who are they? 2 kinds of people: 1. workers - earn wages 2. capital-owners/land-owners - earn rental income Short run model: Specific Factors Model In the short run factors are mainly tied to their initial industries, because there is limited mobility between industry. decreasing-price industry initially lose earnings (both K and L) and rising-price industry initially tend to gain earnings In the Short Run, what does the impact of trade on real income depend on? WHERE you work --> graphically, SR is where we didn't move on PPF (so if you work in a sector subject to income-competition, then the income-competition will drive down your real income) In the Short Run, what is the impact of trade on factors employed in import competing sectors? Factors employed in import competing sectors will be HARMED by an expansion of trade [i.e. lower real income] In the Short Run, what is the impact of trade on factors employed in export-oriented sectors they BENEFIT from an expansion of trade [trade increases real income] what does the affect of trade on real income depend on in the long run? Factor-Price Equalization Theorem (in class) 2 countries freely trade, no barriars/no costs; THEN the wage rate for labor will be the same for all countries and the return to capital will be the same for all countries What is intraindustry trade? imports and exports of the same products comparative advantage cannot explain intraindustry trade What is the Grubel-Lloyd index of intraindustry trade? this is for one industry. for the whole economy (group of industry) just sum up Looking at 1 industry, what would a GLI of 0 mean? It means that there is no intraindustry trade; only interindustry trade Looking at 1 industry, what would a GLI of 1 mean? This means all trade in this industry is characterized as intraindustry trade What is economies of scale? more you produce(more output) then the average cost to produce decreases What does Economies of Scale and Product Differentation lead to? 1. limited # locations of firms 2. diff. preferences mean that both import and export cars to fit consumers' prefs even though cost to produce are similar Model of Monopolistic Competition 1. easy entry and exit from industry 2. because product is differentiated, each FIRM faces downward-sloping demand curve (they are not a price-taker) In the Model of Monopolistic Competition, how sensitive is demand to price? More variety of goods, the less ability to raise price w/o losing lots of customers (assume that more varieties lead to greater competition What happens to the avg. cost to produce as more varieties are available? 1. assume total market size is fixed 2. If there are n firms, each sells to 1/n of market (all firms same size) More you sell, less AC; lsess you sell, higher AC CC curve = Average cost to produce as a function of the number of firms in the market PP curve = profit-maximizing price curve What happens when you introduce TRADE into the Model of Monopolistic Competition? Market size increases by allowing trade. CC curve shifts to the right; AC decreases Effects of increase in market size (total demand) 1. AC falls for firms 2. # firms increase 3. P, AC decrease Who benefits from trade in monopolistic competition? Consumers: 1.) more choice 2.) lower price Producers: Economic profits still 0, but in equilibrium each firm gets bigger and lower AC Model of Global Oligopoly Small # firms, economic profit is possible in equilibrium location matters for welfare (i.e. Boeing wants all econ. profits because we are Americans) Economies of Scale EXTERNAL to the Firm doesn't matter how big the firm is, it matters how big the industry is (i.e. computer chips, film-making) combine with proximity --> agglomeration economies again, the location is random How can immiserizing growth occur? Immiserizing growth can occur if growth in the country leads the country to want to trade more, and the country's terms of trade deteriorate by a large amount. If a country's trade has almost no impact on world prices, then its growth will have almost no impact on its terms of trade, and immiserizing growth is very unlikely. socially optimal tariff tariff rate at which social welfare is maximized; above that under both autarky and free trade Prohibitive tariff tariff rate at which price is so high that it prohibits/eliminates trade: welfare is same as in autarky Problems with the argument FOR a tariff 1. we may not be a large country 2. Other countries raise tariff also, (tariff wars) volume of trade decreases Marginal External Benefit (MEB) the additional benefits bestowed upon the economy for producing one extra good infant industry argument we don't have the resources to compete in larger market 3 types of "unfair" trade practices 1. unfair trade practices implemented by firms themselves 2. implemented by governments and applied to perfectly competitive industries 3. implemented by govts and applied to oligopoly Define "Dumping" a firm that sells its product in a foreign market at an "unfairly low " price (lower than firm's domestic price, lower than AC) Define an "unfairly low" price 1. a price lower than the price that the firm charges its own country's consumers ("international price discrimination") 2. when a firm sells its product in a foreign market at a price lower than its "full" average cost of production 2 main motivations for dumping 1. Predatory Dumping 2. Persistent Dumping Predatory Dumping a firm will take artificially low price in order to drive competitors out of the market Persistent Dumping international price discrimination it is the profit maximizing thing to do demand elasticity different so charge diff. prices --> that's why its profit maximizing Point at which firms maximize profit: when Mariginal Revenue = Marginal Cost Marginal Revenue is always with a slope twice as steep as demand curve what does a flat MC curve mean? that the extra cost of producing is ALWAYS the same If MC > MR then sell less if MC < MR then sell more Two-Part Test against dumping 1. prove that dumping actually occuring 2. show that somehow hurting your industry U.S. Commerce Dept's role in two-part test Finding of Fact (almost always answers "yes" dumping occuring) U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) role in two-part test look to see if domestic industry is being injured by dumping (losing profit, losing employment, losing market share) What are the two government depts involved in the two-part test for dumping? 1. U.S. Commerce Dept (fact) 2. U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC) Who authorizes the "Anti-Dumping Duty" US Commerce Department Effects of Anti-Dumping Duty (as long as not predatory behavior) reduces world volume of trade hurts U.S. consumers What is an export subsidy? given by govt to firms payment for the actual activity of selling your product to another country What is consumption distortion? higher prices artificially reduce demand what is production distortion? higher prices artificially stimulates production more than what we have a comparative advantage in Net effect of export subsidy on small country (perf. comp) welfare loss Net effect of export subsidy for large country world price driven down due to increased exports deterioration in TOT for exporter since price decreases DETERIORATION in export country's TOT; and net loss is even BIGGER than it would be for a small country Most Favored National Principle (MFN) Principle of non-discrimination (countries are prohibited against discriminating each other if both members of GATT/WTO) 2 exceptions to MFN 1. industrialized developed countries are allowed to give preferential/favorable treatment to developing countries ("Generalized System of Preferences" GSP) 2. Preferential Trading Arrangements (PTA) --. Trading blocs; Free trade areas and customs Unions "Generalized System of Preferences" (GSP) 2 types of Preferential Trading Arrangements (PTA) 1. free trade areas (FTA) 2. customs unions (CUs) Difference between FTA and CU FTA: Each member has independent policy towards non-members (ex. NAFTA) CU: all members share same policy toward non-members (EU) Common Market CU + Free mobility of productive factors ex. EU Full economic union Common Market + single monetary/fiscal policy, social welfare programs ex. U.S. "Trade Deflection" Process of trying to circumvent high tariff by going through a low-tariff FTA country Trade Creation creation of PTA stimulates more trade from member countries Trade Diversion creation of PTA changes trade pattern...substituting member country imports for non-member country Conditions for when trade creation is larger than trade diversion small comp. adv between suppliers large tariff
Conceptual Physics (12th Edition) Published by Addison-Wesley ISBN 10: 0321909100 ISBN 13: 978-0-32190-910-7 Chapter 34 - Think and Discuss: 69 It costs energy. Work Step by Step This is shown in Figure 34.16. Fusing nuclei heavier than iron costs energy. The mass of the product is greater than the total mass of the nuclei that are fused. The "extra" mass comes from the energy input. Update this answer! Update this answer

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