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‘Veil searches’ and ethnic profiling ‘The net of veil searches is knotted in such a way that a disproportionate amount of minorities get caught in it.’ Martin Herrnkind , Verdacht des Verdachts, 2000 The term ‘veil search’ (Schleierfahndung) denotes police checks conducted by the regional (Land) police without a catalysing event or reason for suspicion. After the Schengen Agreement came into force, veil searches were introduced at the regional level to compensate for the absence of border controls. In 1995, Bavaria became the first Land to employ veil searches. This investigation tactic continues to be used wilfully in many Länder to combat ‘crimes committed by foreigners’ (illegal immigration, violations of asylum provisions) and drug-smuggling in border areas. Veil searches make indirect use of ethnic profiling, as considerable leeway is given by the individual police assessment of a suspect without there having to be specific grounds for suspicion. © Büro zur Umsetzung von Gleichbehandlung e.V. 2011
woensdag 11 november 2009 native metallurgy Praeterea scitio, in Fundaribus, qui tractus est inter Mexicum, & Dariem, fodinas esse orichalci: quòd nullo igni, nullis Hispanicis atribus hactenus liquescere potuit. Julius Caesar Scaliger (1557) (Furtherore, in the foundries, it is known that there are deposits of a metal, which is mined between Mexico and Panama, that hitherto cannot be melted by fire nor by any Spanish techniques.) This silver-like metal can be seen here. Although Europeans found it in South America between 1500 and 1550, they only learned to work with it in the late 18th century. Today it is more expansive than the gold and silver the Spaniards were looking for... They called it "little silver" because they couldn't melt it (+/- 1750 degrees celsius, versus iron 1540 degrees celsius); thus found it worthless... "plat-ina". Platina was probably discovered by native Ecuadorians (of the so called La Tolita-Tumaco culture) around 700 BC. The Ecuadorian-Colombian border area remained the principal mining area until the arrival of the Spaniards. Native Metallurgy: a world to discover It is often assumed that American metallurgy before 1492 was somehow inferior to the metallurgy that was in use in the "Old World". One of the arguments is that the Amerindians lacked iron or bronze. The reasoning goes as follows: in Eurasia there was a Stone Age, a Copper Age, a Bronze Age, and an Iron Age. The Iron Age (which had started around 1500 BC) ended when the Roman Empire took over in Europe, around the time of Christ. In 1492, when Columbus entered the Americas, he was greeted by natives still living in the Stone Age. As a matter of fact, the superior European weapons, like the steel swords of Toledo, were one reason why the Spaniards conquered most of the American continent within 50 to 100 years. Today, remnants of the Stone Age Tribes that once inhabited America, can be found in the Amazonian rainforest. Unfortunately, there is more than one error in this story. Metallurgy in the "Old World" People began woking metals in Eastern Europe, Anatolia (Turkey), the Caucasus, and Mesopotamia between 5000 and 4000 BC But it was in Mesopotamia that the Copper Age & Bronze age (+/- 3000 BC) really came to be. It was followed around 1500 BC by the Iron Age. The main problem with this story is that it only seems valid for the Middle East. Many places simple skipped an "Age". Most of Africa went directly from the "Stone Age" to the "Iron Age" between 1500BC and +/- AD 500. Also in East Asia, there wasn't really a Copper Age, and although bronze was (only) somewhat earlier than iron, bronze was mainly used for art (vessels, drums, etc) and in use long after the introduction of iron (mainly used for working tools). Another thing is that in Europe, the native Copper Age in the east collapsed around 3800, probably due to the scarcity of resources. It reapeared later, comming from the Middle East. By 2000 BC bronze from the British isles (with its huge tin mines) was very popular and spread over the continent. It was only when tin and copper (together bronze) became scarcer, that iron became popular. Gold and silver (both were, with copper, the first known metals) were never really used for making tools because they were to soft and scarce. They were however valued by most cultures and came into use as trade items (which in some cases evolved, just as copper did, in money). Americas: Northern Traditions Around the same time as in the "Old World", people in North America started to work with copper. This copper was extracted from the Great Lakes area. Eventually this tradition developed into the Old Copper Culture (from +/- 3500 BC). From the Great Lakes area, copper (working) spread to the east, north, south, and west. A good website about the Old Copper Culture and copper working in North America is http://copperculture.homestead.com/. The use of copper in North America remained important until and even after the arrival of the Europeans. The first Europeans, like the Italian Verrazzano (along the east coast in 1524) found out that "the indians" found copper much more interesting than iron. Since it was such a wanted item, Europeans started to trade their copper for American animal hides. This was the beginning of the later Fur Trade that dominated the North American continent between 1600 and 1750. Copper Celts of the Mississippian Period (+/-800- 1550) (Most famous) Mississippian copper profile Mississippian copper mask Another copper-working technology developed in southern Alaska, probably in the first half of the first millennium AD, and probably influenced by similar developments in eastern Siberia with which there was a lot of contact. This tradition spread south to the North American West Coast, to the Arctic, and to the east, where it met the eastern copper tradition. West coast copper 19th century example of West Coast copper, used as money Where west and east meet each other: copper spear heads from present day Canadian province Manitoba Other metals Although copper was the most popular metal, others were used too, like silver (Ontario) and iron. Iron came from three sources, all in the north: Siberia (from where it arrived in Alaska around AD 500), the Canadian and Greenlandic arctic, and via Greenland with the Scandinavians (Vikings) from Europe. And it had two forms: meteoric iron (mainly from Greenland were a huge meteorite provided plenty of material), and "terrestal" iron. Another source form pre-Columbian iron in North America was "drift iron" which arrived directly (due to storms; direct contact is possible but not proven yet) from East Asia at the North American West Coast. Hopewell (eastern US, 100BC- AD 500) earspool made of copper and silver that came from present-day Ontario Iron from the West Coast (modern replica) "Drift Coins" from China became part of Tlingit style (West Coast) armor. Meteoric iron spear from the Greenland meteorite another example of meteoric iron (knife) South American traditions oldest American gold so far (2000bc) In South America, metal working (first gold, later copper) started about 4000 years ago in the central Andes, in Bolivia and Peru. Around a thousand years later, people started to work with gold and copper in Colombia and Ecuador. In Colombia a new technique was developed which resulted in the creation of Tumbaga, an alloy of gold (and sometimes a bit of silver) and copper. It makes copper harder (almost as hard as bronze or iron) but also easier to smelt (at aprox. 900 degrees celsius, +/- 200 degrees lower than gold or copper). Casting and the so called "cire perdue method" (in English known nas "lost wax method") became extremely popular. From Colombia this new tradition spread northwards into Central America, and eastwards towards the Carribean and Amazonia. The older southern Andean tradition spread further southwards, to Argentina and Chile (+/- 500 BC). The Colombian tradition reached Mexico around AD 600 from the south. But it probably also reached western Mexico by sea, via the Pacific. Scholars are sure the southeren (Peruvian) tradition indeed did so around AD1200 when mettalurgy reached western Mexico from northern Peru and Ecuador. How this was done however isn't entirely clear, but likely due to the huge sailed Ecuadorian balsa rafts landing at the Mexican coast. At around AD500, people around Lake Titicaca (but also in Ecuador), probably part of the Tiwanaku state, introduced arsenic to their mettalurgy and the use of arsenical bronze spread with Tiwanaku and the Wari (in Peru) empire to the south and north. The use of tin bronze started some 500 years later but both bronzes apearently never made it farther north than southern Colombia because of the lack of arsenicum and tin farther north. The trade over seas between the Andes and Mexico however, again brought these southern traditions (AD 1200) towards Mesoamerica where people first just copied the Andeans, and later created their own bronze items. above: arsenic bronze from Peruvian northcoast. right: tin bronze axe from northwestern Argentina left: Mayan bronze celts right: Argentinian bronze plate Other metals, like zinc, nickel (in bronzes), and meteoric iron were also used in the Andes, but where less important. The exact role of platinum (see above) is not clear. It was often used with gold (gold being the "mother metal", often in a 70-30% relationship), but there are also items that contain more than 50% of this metal that is so difficult to melt (also interesting is that - usually - the more platinum was used, the more iron an item contained, sometimes up to 5% or more). Left: Gold & Platinum ring (Ecuador) Right: Meteroric iron hammer from Colombia The Tumbaga (the gold-copper alloy) is perhaps one of the more interesting aspects of this story because it was so widely used. When Columbus landed in the Carribean the Taino called in Guanín and made it clear that they didn't know how to make it but imported it from the mainland in the south. People in Panama used the same word and in the Guyana's and Amazonia, it was often called by it's Carrib name, Caracoli (Karakoli). It was considered a very special and powerful item, and there were aproximatly three important centers outside the Andean word. One of them was at the banks of the Rio Negro in Brasil and gave rise to the legend of El Dorado. The Manoa kingdom was said to posses and make thousands of gold items. It drove early (and later!) European explores mad, especially because they were looking for "pure" gold, which of course wasn't what the Amazonians were making. Tumbaga, guanín, caracoli... The Spaniards and other Europeans called it "fake" or "low" gold, and they kept on looking for the REAL gold man, somewhere hiding in the forrest. Casted Tumbaga from Colombia (left) and Panama (right) Although the ancient Mexicans (Mesoamericans) got their metallurgy very late from their southeren neighbours (around AD 600), that doesn't mean they should be left out of this story. First of all, although there isn't any evidence they melted it, the Olmecs (from 1300 BC onwards) used enourmous amounts of iron ore. This was imported from the modern Mexican state of Guerrero and a lot of it was used to make mirrors, just like the Romans did in Europe a thousand years later. There is also some evidence these ancient Mexicans knew about the magnatism of iron and used it as a compass (again, a thousand years earlier than people in the "Old World", the Chinese, who are often credited for this invention.). One of the reasons why metallurgy came that late to Mesoamerica is probably the status of jade(ite). This mineral was mined in Guatemala and had an enourmous prestige amoung Mesoamericans (since Olmec times), just like tumbaga, gold and silver had in the south. Jadeite is very hard (harder than iron or "normal" steel), yet Mesoamericans knew how to work and carve it into various objects. World famous Jade(ite) mask of Mayan lord Pacal (Palenque) Jadeite toucan from Costa Rica When South American metals arrived, Mesoamericans developed their own rich traditions that after a while also started to expand. This is how Mesoamerican (and indirectly South American) metallurgy came into the area of the northen tradition. Through trade, the North American southwest got (amoung other things) copper bells from Mexico while "Southwesterner's" exported (again, amoung other things) turquoise. Mixtec (Oaxaca, Mexico) metalwork It is not (yet) known however if the two distinctive traditions (north & south) really "touched" each other; and if so, where. Until now the evidence isn't that strong, but that's also because there hasn't been that much research. Perhaps someone will pick it up some day. Mexican copper bells from present day Arizona South American gold found in Florida 1 opmerking: 1. Another attraction in Argentina is the people that lives there and their cultures, here's a place where you could stay when you plan on visiting there. Hostels in Salta
Rocket Science or Basic Science? A Consortium of Teachers Makes Genomic Methods Accessible 1. What is GCAT? is a non-profit educational consortium designed to facilitate the use of genomic methods in the undergraduate curriculum, primarily through student-based research. GCAT uses a core facility, collective bargainingand shared experiencesto enable faculty members at any institution (not just the rich ones) to utilize genomic methods in a cost-effective manner. 2. Who is GCAT? Members of GCAT are faculty members anywhere in the world who conduct research with undergraduates or want to bring genomic methods into their undergraduate laboratory courses. 3. Why is GCAT needed? CAT is needed because as we just heard from David Botstein, we can't go back. Biology is being transformed with genomic research and we need to join the party. Our research will benefit and so will our students. College Home Page search Send comments, questions, and suggestions to:
Fruit Trees How to Prune Fruit Trees For High Yield Know How to prune Fruit Trees for Great Yields! how to prune fruit trees You can expect great production from properly pruned trees. Fruit trees require pruning if you want them to be healthy and highly productive. How to prune fruit trees in general is a gardening skill that gets overlooked to often though it really is necessary for healthy productive trees and shrubs. Once you learn to prune correctly you will see more healthy growth and flowering, if it is a flowering plant, and with some practice your plants will be more pleasing to the eye. Generally speaking for shrubs and trees pruning at the correct time is important. Depending on the variety, for some, it is best for it to be pruned in winter and for some others is best to do it right after flowering. Pruning Fruit Trees Pruning Fruit Trees while they are dormant is the time to get it done. How do you know a fruit tree is dormant? That’s easy to see, the tree won’t have any leaves actively growing, only buds. There are benefits for you and the tree by doing it at this time. For you it is really easy to see what you are doing and easy to see the “suckers” and cut them off. Suckers are branches that are typically a non-fruit bearing branch that suck the nutrients away from the branches that will bear fruit. You want more fruit from your fruit trees? Then you need to keep them pruned so the tree can put all of it energy into producing fruit. More Reasons to Know How to Prune Fruit Trees We’ve covered that pruning trees in general is good for the tree and that it is even more so for fruit trees considering that you are not only maintaining the trees health, but you are improving the quality of the fruit it produces, in the case of fruit trees. It’s important because fruit trees that are not pruned will eventually only produce fruit on the tips of higher branches. The lower branches just won’t get the sunlight and nutrients needed to produce fruit. You might think, that’s ok because I didn’t want a ton of fruit anyhow, but consider the safety factor in that equation. Some fruit trees left unkempt can reach heights of 30 feet, maybe more. Unless you have the right equipment harvesting fruit at 30 feet would be difficult and pretty dangerous. Keeping your fruit trees pruned will make it easy to harvest the fruit because it won’t be as high up and the sun will be able to get to the lower fruit producing branches. Also, because you are maintaining your tree it is more likely than not that the tree will stay free of diseases. Because the trees energy is primarily going to produce fruit, you can expect larger fruit, which in my opinion, is probably the best reason to prune your fruit trees. When pruning you are obviously cutting the tree, so sealing those cuts up cannot be overstated, it is really important part of knowing how to prune fruit trees. If you don’t take the time to seal the open wounds on your trees insects and disease have an open invitation to wreak havoc on your trees. Finally, pruning smaller and younger trees is not the same as pruning a larger and more mature tree. You can diminish a larger fruit trees production for the year by cutting it branches back to far. Cut to far back and not only will reduce the fruit output but too much sun will get to the trees core branches and trunk causing a sort of sunburn possibly leading to insect infestations and bacteria growth in the tree. Click to comment Leave a Reply Most Popular To Top
Please enter your name Say something! The Femur & Patella \| Thigh Bone & Kneecap \| Runner's Knee Author C. Sanders. Published on June 17, 2011 - 10:41 am (10434 views — 700 words) The femur, or thigh bone, is the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the body. Its proximal end articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone. Its distal end articulates with the tibia and patella. The body (shaft) of the femur angles medially and, as a result, the knee joints are closer to the midline. The angle (angle of convergence) is greater in females because the pelvis is broader. The proximal end of the femur consists of a rounded head that articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip (coxal) joint. The head contains a small centered depression (pit) called the fovea capitis. The ligament of the head of the femur connects the fovea capitis of the femur to the acetabulum of the hip bone. The neck of the femur is a constricted region distal to the head. A "broken hip" is more often associated with a fracture in the neck of the femur than fractures of the hip bones. The greater trochanter and lesser trochanter are projections from the junction of the neck and shaft that serve as points of attachment for the tendons of some of the thigh and buttock muscles. The greater trochanter is the prominence felt and seen anterior to the hollow on the side of the hip. It is a landmark commonly used to locate the site for intramuscular injections into the lateral surface of the thigh. The lesser trochanter is inferior and medial to the greater trochanter. Between the anterior surfaces of the trochanters is a narrow intertrochanteric line. A ridge called the intertrochanteric crest appears between the posterior surfaces of the trochanters. Inferior to the intertrochanteric crest on the posterior surface of the body of the femur is a vertical ridge called the gluteal tuberosity. It blends into another vertical ridge called the linea aspera. Both ridges serve as attachment points for the tendons of several thigh muscles. The expanded distal end of the femur includes the medial condyle and the lateral condyle. These articulate with the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia. Superior to the condyles are the medial epicondyle and the lateral epicondyle, to which ligaments of the knee joint attach. A depressed area between the condyles on the posterior surface is called the intercondylar fossa. The patellar surface is located between the condyles on the anterior surface. The Patella / Kneecap The patella, or kneecap, is a small, triangular bone located anterior to the knee joint. The broad proximal end of this sesamoid bone, which develops in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle, is called the base; the pointed distal end is referred to as the apex. The posterior surface contains two articular facets, one for the medial condyle of the femur and another for the lateral condyle of the femur. The patellar ligament attaches the patella to the tibial tuberosity. The patellofemoral joint, between the posterior surface of the patella and the patellar surface of the femur, is the intermediate component of the tibiofemoral (knee) joint. The patella increases the leverage of the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle, maintains the position of the tendon when the knee is bent (flexed), and protects the knee joint. Clinical Connection: Patellofemoral Stress Syndrome Patellofemoral stress syndrome (“runner’s knee”) is one of the most common problems runners experience. During normal flexion and extension of the knee, the patella tracks (glides) superiorly and inferiorly in the groove between the femoral condyles. In patellofemoral stress syndrome, normal tracking does not occur; instead, the patella tracks laterally as well as superiorly and inferiorly, and the increased pressure on the joint causes aching or tenderness around or under the patella. The pain typically occurs after a person has been sitting for a while, especially after exercise. It is worsened by squatting or walking down stairs. One cause of runner’s knee is constantly walking, running, or jogging on the same side of the road. Because roads slope down on the sides, the knee that is closer to the center of the road endures greater mechanical stress because it does not fully extend during a stride. Other predisposing factors include running on hills, running long distances, and an anatomical deformity called knock-knee.
Opening GPX files Did your computer fail to open a GPX file? We explain what GPX files are and recommend software that we know can open or convert your GPX files. What is a GPX file? Files that contain the .gpx file extension are commonly referred to as GPS Exchange Format files. The information that is contained in a GPX file can include waypoints, tracks and routes. This data format allows for the exchange of GPS information between different applications and users. It is an open standard file format and can be used by a variety of software programs. The initial GPX file format was released in 2002. Then in 2004 GPX 1.1 was introduced. Since then it has been the default XML standard for the interchange of GPS data. The GPX file format is based on XML formatting, allowing it to be imported by a variety of GPS applications and devices. Try a universal file viewer By Prof. Jones (The File Expert) Chief Content Editor and File Expert Suggestions for this page? Mail me.
Evaluating Google searches tekijä: Tiia Marjaana Puputti Viimeisin muutos tiistai 10. tammikuuta 2017, 13.11 Google differs in many ways from the search services purchased by libraries. The material of library services is always selected through certain criteria. Google is a search engine that uses a search robot to find material from links on the Internet. The search robot cannot access many library databases or databases subject to a charge. Therefore, Google helps only haphazardly considering the types of information typical on your discipline you need to find, or if you wish to target your search to a certain type of publications. How to evaluate your Google search • The central questions of evaluation are: who, when, to whom, where and why? The following list will help you in evaluation: • What information does the author give about himself/herself? • Has the author published other material on the subject? • What is the background organization and its approach to the subject? • Who has financed or sponsored the research or publication? • How up-to-date the publication’s sources are in comparison to the time of publication? • To whom is the material directed to? Does it have a target audience? • Is the used source material specified? • Why has the material been made – what is the purpose and scientific target for publishing the material? • Is the material formulated meticulously and is its terminology common to the field? • How does the material relate to other writings in the field and your knowledge of the topic? Google Search Function The search algorithm of Google search is developed and changed constantly. In addition, the search algorithm is a trade secret. This is good to remember when you assess the results of a Google search. Deep Web / Surface Web: The information in the Internet is divided into two different layers: • Deep Web (or invisible web) – around 80% of the whole Internet, • Surface Web (or visible web) – around 20% of the whole Internet. The crawlers of Google and other search engines are able to find material only on the surface web and most of the information on the web is out of their reach. Google cannot access a lot of the materials found in databases. Therefore, it is not a good idea to use Google when searching information for theses and essays. With Google you can find information on individual publications but not how to find the publication if there is no link to it. Google Is Practical for • Searching everyday information. • Finding basic information on individual companies, research institutes, authorities and other communities. • Following topical discussions from blogs and wiki sites accessible to Google, also when related to scientific research. Basics of a Google Search • Google does not use index terms, so you need to find out synonyms and broader and narrower terms yourself. • You cannot use search word wildcards but Google finds different forms of search words even if you write them in the basic form. • The function of Google’s Boolean operators is unclear. If you search with two words, the search is often implemented as an “AND” search. However, from the search results you will notice that only another of the search words is included. • In Google you can get exact matches by writing a full sentence or a title of a newspaper article in the search field. • Google remembers your previous searches and recognizes your location and your web browser and its language. Therefore, Google gives different search results to different users and different computers. • Because the search algorithm is a trade secret, the results list may be surprising – especially for the sites on the top of the list. Be also sure to make a difference between advertisements and actual search results! • You can better control your search with keyword matching options. To find the search form, make the following Google search: advanced search google. • Get familiar with the Google search instructions. To find the instructions, make the following Google search: search instructions google
From what original work is the quotation "Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori" derived? Expert Answers booboosmoosh eNotes educator\| Certified Educator One author mentions the quote and its original author in dialogue in his novel The Wasted Island (by Eimar O'Duffy). Stephen and Christopher are speaking, and Stephen asks: Is it a sweet and proper thing to die for your country? Christopher explains that those who come from the same country ("fatherland") are like brothers and sisters, and they must stand together. If someone attacks one of them, the others should be prepared to fight and, if necessary, die to defend that person. Christopher continues: "The safety of each one depends on the safety of them all..." "Then Horace was telling the truth?" "For once..." Horace was the original author of the sentiment that is widely translated as: It’s sweet and fitting to die for one’s country It is found in Horace's Odes, specifically III.2.13. These words are also associated with Joseph Warren: Words attributed to [Warren] prior to the Battle of Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775: “Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori.” (Horace, Odes III.2.13) Perhaps the most famous literary allusion to Horace's quotation is found in Wilfred Owen's World War I poem of the same name. Another now famous quotation from Horace is taken from Book III of the Odes, which was used by Wilfred Owen in his famous poem "Dulce et Decorum Est." Owen's translation and subsequent commentary demonstrate his strong disagreement with the sentiment. “It is sweet and meet to die for one’s country,” and he expostulates sarcastically, “Sweet! And decorous! One can understand why he takes issue with this patriotic sentiment after reading his poem that describes how the glorified stories reported at home about the war horrifically inaccurate compared to the devastating realities of the battlefield. For example, he describes death by the poisonous gas used by the enemy: Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time; But someone still was yelling out and stumbling And flound’ring like a man in fire or lime... Dim, through the misty panes and thick green light, As under a green sea, I saw him drowning. The quote can be contentious regarding one's personal feelings toward dying in war. Horace would have written it as a rallying cry (used this way also by Warren). However, Owen—and Hemingway (among others)—notes that there is nothing sweet about dying in war. In fact, Owen calls the quote, at the end of his poem, "the old Lie." He notes that this kind of propaganda used to recruit soldiers (e.g., the glory of battle) is far from the truth.
Searching Bioinformatics Information Strategies for Effective Use of Search Engine Searching Bioinformatics Information Strategies for Effective Use of Search Engine Viveka Vardhan Jumpala (Osmania University, India) DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-3158-6.ch033 OnDemand PDF Download: List Price: $37.50 The Internet, which is an information super high way, has practically compressed the world into a cyber colony through various networks and other Internets. The development of the Internet and the emergence of the World Wide Web (WWW) as common vehicle for communication and instantaneous access to search engines and databases. Search Engine is designed to facilitate search for information on the WWW. Search Engines are essentially the tools that help in finding required information on the web quickly in an organized manner. Different search engines do the same job in different ways thus giving different results for the same query. Search Strategies are the new trend on the Web. Chapter Preview There is a huge amount of general and biological information on the World Wide Web. The exponential growth of biological data over the past decade has created an enormous challenge to make effective use of the accumulated information. Today bioinformatics is driven by the challenge of integrating the large amount of genetic and structural data emanating from biomedical research. Bioinformatics is the science of storing, retrieving and analyzing large amount of biological information (Buehler, 2005). Bioinformatics refers to the task of organizing, analyzing, and predicting increasingly complex data arising from modern molecular and biochemical techniques. Bioinformatics is a computational analysis of biological information such as nucleic acid and protein sequences and protein structure. Cataloging, classifying, labeling and connecting sequence, structural and functional information of genes and proteins of various organisms will facilitate the discovery of new biological trends. Information search and retrieval is one of the most powerful applications of bioinformatics. The importance of search engines, databases and the increasing sophisticated communication network in biological and biomedical research is tremendous. The ability to use the different online accessible software in molecular biology is becoming mandatory for all biomedical scientists. The current quest to sequence all genes, and to make information available in search engines databases such that all biological investigations must start with browsing the data banks, making computer literacy compulsory for all biologists. Bioinformatics Definition According to the Oxford Dictionary website, bioinformatics is conceptualizing biology in terms of molecules (in the sense of Physical Chemistry) and applying “informatics techniques” (derived from disciplines such as applied mathematics, computer science and statistics) to understand and organize the information associated with these molecules, on a large scale. In short, bioinformatics is a management information system for molecular biology and has many practical applications. Objectives of the Study The main objective of the chapter is to explore bioinformatics information. The other objectives of the study are: • 1. To find out the various bio informatics databases and search engines. • 2. To find out the different types of information search and retrieval strategies of bio informatics information. • 3. To find out the bio informatics applications. Statement of the Problem An individual cannot read a large amount of data on the web, so users need different types of search strategies to search the bioinformatics information effectively and efficiently. Significance of the Study Bioinformatics information becomes an indispensable tool in our everyday life. When we seek bioinformatics information we often go to our favorite search engine or databases and look at the returned pages. This chapter would help to assess the user what type of search strategies use while searching the bioinformatics data to retrieve relevant and exact information from the web. The study is focused on bioinformatics information, and bioinformatics search engines and databases. The study is based on extensive review of literature available in the print journals, online journals on internet to examine about bioinformatics information, bioinformatics databases and search engines, different types of search strategies to search the bioinformatics information from their servers and databases. Limitations of the Study Bioinformatics information available globally but the present study is confined to the bio informatics information, different types of bioinformatics search engines and databases and bio informatics applications. Complete Chapter List Search this Book:
DEFINITION of 'Bequest' The act of giving personal property or money such as stocks, bonds, jewelry and cash left to an individual or organization through the provisions of a will or estate plan. Bequests can be made to family, friends, institutions or charities. When real estate is left through a will, it is correctly called a "devise." If estate taxes are a concern, individuals may opt to bequest assets to heirs indirectly through a gift in trust. Charitable gifts after death can also reduce estate taxes. When a bequest is left to a charity, it may be called a legacy gift. Such bequests can be important sources of fundraising for nonprofit organizations. When the bequest is intended for a specific purpose, it is called an endowment. Bequests to charity can be made directly, or indirectly through charitable trusts.
Fighting pathogenic bacteria with homing beacon -- MEDICA Trade Fair Fighting pathogenic bacteria with homing beacon Photo: Alphamers attracting antibodies Alphamers (purple) act as homing beacons, attracting pre-existing anti-alpha-Gal antibodies (green) to the bacterial surface; © Altermune Technologies With the threat of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens growing, new ideas to treat infections are sorely needed. Researchers at University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences report preliminary success testing an entirely novel approach - tagging bacteria with a molecular "homing beacon" that attracts pre-existing antibodies to attack the pathogens. The study is published by the Journal of Molecular Medicine. The molecular homing beacon is the brainchild of study co-author and Nobel Laureate Kary Mullis, PhD, who invented polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a now-common lab technique used to replicate DNA. One end of the homing beacon is made up of a DNA aptamer, a small piece of DNA that can be selected from a pool of billions of candidates based on its ability to bind tightly to a particular target. In this test case, the aptamer specifically targeted group A Streptococcus, the bacteria that causes strep throat and invasive skin infections, while leaving human cells untouched. The other end of the homing beacon is alpha-Gal, a type of sugar molecule. Humans naturally produce antibodies against alpha-Gal. That is because alpha-Gal is foreign to humans. Other mammals and some microbes produce it. Humans have evolved antibodies against it when we eat meat or are exposed to alpha-Gal-generating microbes in our environment. To test the homing beacon - or "Alphamer" - against live strep bacteria, Mullis enlisted the help of Victor Nizet, MD, professor of pediatrics and pharmacy at UC San Diego, whose laboratory studies how pathogens interact with the human immune system. The research team found that Alphamers not only bind strep and recruit anti-Gal antibodies to the bacterial surface, they also helps human immune cells engulf and kill the Alphamer-coated bacteria. The study offers the first proof-of-concept that Alphamers have the potential to specifically redirect pre-existing antibodies to bacteria and rapidly activate an antibacterial immune response. "Our next step is to test Alphamers in animal models of infection with multidrug-resistant bacteria that pose a public health threat, such as MRSA," said first author Sascha Kristian, PhD, visiting research scholar at UC San Diego and ?associate research director at Altermune Technologies, a company Mullis founded to develop Alphamers into unique therapeutics. "Meanwhile, we'll also be tweaking the Alphamer to make it more potent and more resistant to degradation by the body." If Alphamers continue to show promise, researchers might be able to apply the same concept to attack any type of bacteria or virus, or perhaps even cancer cells. "We are picturing a future in which doctors have a case full of pathogen-specific Alphamers at their disposal," Nizet said. "They see an infected patient, identify the causative bacteria and pull out the appropriate Alphamer to instantly enlist the support of the immune system in curing the infection."; Source: University of California, San Diego More about homing beacons at
Dismiss Notice Dismiss Notice Join Physics Forums Today! Derivative related to equal areas proof 1. Apr 19, 2012 #1 Kleppner and Kolenkow's Introduction to Mechanics text on page 241 (1st edition) has: Is this wrong or am I missing something? I get: ...by product rule. It seems at the least the book should have a theta dot in the first term. I don't see where the r dot comes from though. Thank you. 2. jcsd 3. Apr 19, 2012 #2 User Avatar Science Advisor Gold Member It does seem the book is missing a dot over the first theta on the right hand side. Otherwise the book answer is correct, and your is not. As for the r dot, what do you think is the result of: d/dt (r^2) 4. Apr 20, 2012 #3 [itex]\frac{d}{dx} (f(x))^2 = 2f(x)\frac{d}{dx}f(x)[/itex] Thanks, I was doing d/dr instead of d/dt. And thanks for confirming the theta dot. Similar Discussions: Derivative related to equal areas proof 1. Equal area question (Replies: 5) 2. Proof of an equality (Replies: 3) 3. Area finding equality (Replies: 1)
Dismiss Notice Join Physics Forums Today! Grip mechanics problem 1. Mar 25, 2012 #1 I have a small dilemma with a statics problem that isn't really static... I have been asked to design a grip for a tensile testing machine specifically for rubber that will supply up 1kN of force through the rubber I have chosen aluminium to make the main body of the grip and will be driven pneumatically. I have gone for a grip design of two flat plates that will hold the rubber in place. One grip would be stationary at the bottom of the test piece and the other would be moving at about 1cm/s gripping the top of the test piece. The test piece is in a dumbbell format according to standards and the test piece will weigh no more than 10 grams. Therefore, assuming a 0.5 coefficient between rubber and aluminium, is it a simple static problem and the force required to keep the rubber in place would be 2kN? Or do I have to treat the two systems independent of each other? 2. jcsd 3. Mar 26, 2012 #2 User Avatar Gold Member Have you thought about how you will shape the edges of the flat plates in order to avoid (or at least reduce) stress concentration at the edges where the plates grip the rubber sample? This can have a profound effect on your results, I would think. It should relate also to the profile of the rubber sample. 4. Mar 26, 2012 #3 I have shaped the plates to account for the phenomena known as necking where by too much pressure to the rubber makes the rubber spill over the plates. A simple round and adjustable pressure accounts for this. this has been previously documented However, multiple test pieces will be used ranging in material and overall size. This also is why I want to calculate the force required. (μ=0.5 for the lowest coefficient of rubber on test btw) But while the rubber is approaching its ultimate tensile strength (the point of rupture) including a factor of safety, at the 1kN max, I am assuming the dimensions of the rubber would not change however during the test its elongation is about 400% (very roughly). I want to be very close to the equilibrium point of the system to ensure the least stress to the test piece. Similar Discussions: Grip mechanics problem 1. Tyre grip (Replies: 5) 2. Tyre width and grip. (Replies: 6) 3. Fluid mechanic problem (Replies: 3)
Dismiss Notice Join Physics Forums Today! Math behind rockwell hardness measurement 1. May 7, 2012 #1 I need to calculate the force of a pin impacting a solid metal. I know the shape of the indenter, the precise shape and depth of the indentation and the mechanical properties of the solid metal including modulus, yield and ultimate strength. The pin is being driven by ultrasonic wave guide so it is not simply a gravity problem. In my mind this is the basic equation that Rockwell Hardness uses with the exception that they know the force and indenter shape and measure the depth of indentation to calculate hardness. Does anyone know how to solve this? 2. jcsd 3. May 21, 2012 #2 If you are referring to the standard Rockwell method then there are two forces that are applied, the first F0 is applied first then another load, significantly larger than the first, is applied. Considering your case you could sort out the list of indenters and their respective Rockwell notation (HRB,HRC..etc) and then look at the force value. Now I have a Rockwell table at hand over here but it is in my national language and from what I can see unless you're indenter is a 1/16 inch sphere, you're safe. Since there's pretty much about five different options with a 1/16 inch sphere. Similar Discussions: Math behind rockwell hardness measurement 1. Rockwell test (Replies: 2)
Brain tissue: what has it done for autism lately? In order to ensure that researchers have enough brain tissue to understand autism spectrum disorders, the education and outreach campaign is being expanded past families to doctors and professionals that have access to tissue. One of these groups is neuropathologists. At their annual meeting this past week in Los Angeles, and entire afternoon was spent dedicated to autism and the features of autism in the brain. A summary of the presentations is included in this podcast. Speakers emphasized that the way the brain works in childhood is not the same way it works in adulthood, and a study out of UCSD showed that the genes that are affected in children with autism are different than those in adults with autism. The mechanisms of genes controlling the developing brain vs. those which affect ongoing maintenance are different. This calls to make sure scientists understand all ages of people with autism, because as the brain changes, so do the needs of people with ASD. What came first? Impaired social behaviors or something else that changes social behavior? This week is a more philosophical, ideological discussion of the origins of social behaviors inspired by review articles written by Mayada Elsabbagh at McGill University and Boaz Barak and Guoping Feng at MIT. The focus of these papers are: when social behaviors emerge, and what brain regions are responsible for their existence. While Dr. Elsabbagh thinks of the question in terms of when behaviors and symptoms emerge in infancy, Drs. Barak and Feng consider the issue by comparing autism to Williams Syndrome. Williams Syndrome is very similar to autism except people with WS are hyper social and empathetic and sometimes gregarious. One tiny change on one area of one gene makes all the difference. This podcast doesn’t settle the question, but hopefully shows you listeners why there is a debate and how it is important for people with autism.
Truth, Understanding, Insight India, Britain & the Merchants of Tarshish 17th January 2014, hej 2) Troy: The Mediterranean connection to Britain There is compelling research that argues that Troy was located near Cambridge, England, based on journey distances, place names, customs, hair colours and evidence of a bronze age conflict near an ancient fort. It is thought that from about 1180-1100BC Trojans escaping Troy turned up in the Medditerranean. The evidence suggests that the place thought of as Troy in Turkey was settled then. The oral legend says the Trojan king escaped Britain to establish Rome, which accords with this movement. The Achaeans or “Sea People” from Europe about the same time also turned up in the Mediterranean and founded Athens, adopting the local language (the Pelasgians 'sea people' of Herodotus). The Achaeans (sea people) brought the legend of Troy, which was their history, to Greece. ( It is thought the Achaeans were European. In the great battle they had won access to the tin mines of Britain, at that time the only rich source for tin, which was essential for making Bronze the main material for weapons. The Sea people were sea traders, and previously the Trojans (who were Celts) had controlled the trade in Britain. “The Trojan Kings of England' traces the Trojans and the royal lineage from King Priam of Troy to the British King Brutus.” This is backed up by British history, “Until the sixteenth century, the Trojans were widely believed to be the ancestors of the English people: the destruction of Troy led to the birth of Rome and eventually the foundation of a New Troy in Britain (London).”ohiostatepress Some detail is here (as an aside The greek conection Sons of Greece). Tarshish was towards India in the time of King Solomon, later by the time of Jonah, after the opening of the tin trade and salt trade with Britain by the Sea People, Tarshish is towards Britain. At the very least there is significant history that supports that there were sea traders (sea people) and that Britain was their destination.
Saturday, October 22, 2016 Fact of the Day: Jewish Creation While The Gregorian calendar is the most commonly used calendar system in the world, there does exist others. One of them is the Hebrew Calendar, and as of October 2016 it is the year 5777 in the Hebrew Calendar. The years are counted from the year of the religious "creation of the world" found in all three major Abrahamic religions .
The proverb “Waste not, want not” is attributed to Benjamin Franklin, and was quite possibly published by him in Poor Richard’s Almanack back in the 1730s. Whether the saying originated with him, or whether he picked it up from someone else, is not known. But it means that if you don’t waste what you have today (be it time, money, food, or anything else) then you’ll have it later when you need it. To “want” something, in the context of this saying, is to desire it but not have it. Ben Franklin was writing for a different culture in a primarily agrarian age. Back then, most people were farmers, seasonal laborers, or small shop owners. When farmers brought the harvest in for the year and canned, salted, dried, and otherwise preserved it for use during the winter, the food they had was pretty much all the food they were going to have for a long time. If they threw it away, gave it away, or let it spoil when they had the opportunity to do otherwise, there was a very real chance they’d run out before spring. So their behavior today affected the availability of food tomorrow. The same was true of seasonal laborers and shop owners. Money mostly followed the harvest and the sale of cotton, wheat, or other crops. When the farmers sold their crops and were flush with money, or when a whaling ship came back into port, that’s when money was available. Farmers could pay to have all the horses shod, or to buy shoes or boots for the family. Whalers bought new clothing to replace what they wore out on the voyage and to perhaps indulge in a treat. But if you were in a line of work that depended on producers such as the farmers or the whalers, your income was tied to their spending. If you were the farrier who shod the farmer’s horses or the barber who cut the whaler’s hair, there would be times when money was good and times when pickings were lean and you’d have to rely on what you set aside during the more bountiful times. So waste not, want not made sense. Times have changed. Most people are no longer directly invovled in agriculture, and with the globalization and mechanization of farming the various growing seasons are less pronounced. Although fruit “in season” is generally cheaper, you no longer have to wait until December to buy a Mandarin orange, and when you do, you need not buy them by the crate. You can go to the grocery store any time of the year and pick up a small bag of them, simply because they are now grown around the world and imported at need. People in industrialized countries now also have access to systems intended to provide basic living services during times of poverty. Social Security payments for the elderly and for people with disabilities, unemployment insurance, health insurance, and supplemental nutrition aid programs exist to help mitigate the hardships associated with unemployment, illness, or old age. Indeed, most Americans now consume more calories than they need to survive: obesity has reached epidemic proportions. Wasting food is a popular American pastime because it’s a form of conspicuous consumption. The working poor, who often cannot afford enough food due to medical or living expenses, never waste food if they can help it. But people a little higher or a little lower on the socioeconomic scale who consider excess food to be a luxury. Like all luxuries, excess food is something that is associated with bizarre behavior. When the food suppy is guaranteed, there’s no connection between wasting what you’ve got today and whether more will appear tomorrow. To many people, waste not, want not no longer applies. Conspicuous consumption takes many forms, be it a fancy cell phone, an elaborate manicure, or the act of rejecting a meal because it contains an ingredient that isn’t trendy. Ordering the most expensive item on the menu at a restaurant, or buying the biggest possible smoothie, is a way to publicly show that the buyer can in fact afford the largest serving. It’s also a way to maximize the benefit if someone else is paying. This is important, because it relates back to the notion that there may soon not be enough food, or that the source of nourishment may go away. If you’re renting out an extra room in your home instead of using it to store various hobby materials or wardrobe excesses of your own, chances are that you’re a basically frugal person. Your tenant may not be so frugal, especially if you’re the one providing resources. If she receives SNAP benefits (often called “food stamps”), she has a guaranteed food budget every month. Depending on her benefit level and whether she has other sources of nutrition such as a food bank, a parent’s fridge, work leftovers from a restaurant, or included meals at work, your tenant might receive more food than she needs, wants, or can use. If so, be prepared for her surplus-related behavior to be different from yours. Try not to nag or harp about your tenant’s wasted food unless it affects you directly in some way. A glass of milk poured down the sink may frustrate you, but if you didn’t buy the milk and the tenant isn’t spilling the milk in your carpet or leaving the empty glass for you to find and clean, it isn’t your problem. If you’re providing board but your tenant chooses to eat out instead of dining in, go ahead with the meal you planned to serve. If the tenant never does get around to heating up her leftovers, you don’t have to eat them yourself, and in fact you shouldn’t. What you prepare for your tenant as part of the board agreement is the tenant’s food, because she paid for it as part of the rent and board fee. Whether she chooses to use it or not is immaterial.
Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) belong to a class of semiconductor devices whose hardware can be changed according to our needs. The configuration data (bitstreams) of an FPGA define the functionality of the FPGA. Therefore, a user can design the hardware and change it by modifying the bitstreams for a given set of requirements. One way of doing this is using Dynamic Circuit Specialization (DCS), an FPGA implementation technique that is optimized for a parameterized design. A design is said to be parameterized if some of its inputs are infrequently changing compared to the rest. In the DCS technique, for every change in parameterized input values, a new specialized circuit is generated during run-time and the FPGA is reconfigured accordingly. The time taken to reconfigure the FPGA with a specialized circuit is called reconfiguration time and is a major overhead of the DCS technique. To reduce this overhead, we propose an efficient custom reconfiguration controller built with a simple architecture which is customized to implement DCS. Our results indicate an increase in the reconfiguration speed by ?17% and the FPGA resource utilization is reduced by ?50% compared to the standard Xilinx reconfiguration controller.
next up previous contents index Next: Speaker characteristics verification or Up: Speaker verification/identification Previous: Speaker verification/identification Speaker verification versus speaker identification Speaker verification aims to verify the identity of the speaker through a comparison of some samples of his speech with the references of the speaker he claims to be. Speaker identification aims to identify a speaker who belongs to a group of users through a sample of his speech. One should distinguish the use of speech to identify/verify the speaker identity on the one hand from the recognition of the utterances he produces (password, PIN) to check his identity explicitly in a database on the other.
Public Release: Resistance is futile New findings could represent a breakthrough for applications of superconductivity DOE/Argonne National Laboratory The team discovered a way to efficiently stabilize tiny magnetic vortices that interfere with superconductivity--a problem that has plagued scientists trying to engineer real-world applications for decades. The discovery could remove one of the most significant roadblocks to advances in superconductor technology. Superconductors are extremely useful materials, given that modern society involves moving a lot of electricity around. Each time we do it, whether it be along the cord from the outlet to your lamp or in the millions of miles of power lines strung across the country, we lose a little bit of electricity. That effect is due to resistance in the wires we currently use to transport electricity. Even a pretty good conductor, like copper wire, loses some electricity due to resistance. But in an ideal superconductor, no electricity is ever lost. If you set up a loop of perfect superconducting wire and added some current, it would circle that loop forever. Superconductors are the secret behind MRI machines, Maglev trains and improved cell phone reception. The problem is that superconductors have to be cooled to do their thing. Even the "high-temperature" superconductors already discovered have to be chilled to -280° Fahrenheit. That creates a lot of engineering and logistical problems. In the long run, scientists are hoping to develop superconducting materials that would operate closer to room temperature. That would be a major achievement--though it is generally still thought to be a long way off. In the meantime, there remain key problems of superconductivity that need to be solved even in the low-temperature environment. One such major problem is posed by magnetic fields. When magnetic fields reach a certain strength, they cause a superconductor to lose its superconductivity. But there is a type of superconductor--known as "Type II"--which is better at surviving in relatively high magnetic fields. In these superconductors, magnetic fields create tiny whirlpools or "vortices." Superconducting current continues to travel around these vortices to a point, but eventually, as the magnetic field strengthens, the vortices begin to move about and interfere with the material's superconductivity, introducing resistance. "These vortices dissipate the energy when moving under applied currents and bury all hopes for a technological revolution--unless we find ways to efficiently pin them," said Argonne Distinguished Fellow Valerii Vinokur, who co-authored the study. Scientists have spent a lot of time and effort over the past few decades trying to immobilize these vortices, but until now, the results have been mixed. They found ways to pin down the vortices, but these only worked in a restricted range of low temperatures and magnetic fields. Vinokur and his colleagues, however, discovered a surprise. They began with very thin superconducting wires--just 50 nanometers in diameter. (A stack of 2,000 of these wires would equal the height of a sheet of paper.) These thin wires can accommodate only one row of vortices. When they applied a high magnetic field, the vortices crowded together in long clusters and stopped moving. Increasing the magnetic field restored the material's superconductivity, instead of destroying it. Next, the team carved superconducting film into an array of holes so that only a few vortices could squeeze between the holes, where they stayed, unable to interfere with current. The resistance of the superconductor dropped dramatically--at temperatures and magnetic fields where no one has been able to pin vortices before. "The results were quite striking," Vinokur said. The team has only experimented with low-temperature superconductors so far, Vinokur said, "but there is no reason why the approach we used should be restricted to just low-temperature superconductors." The paper, "Magnetic field-induced dissipation-free state in superconducting nanostructures," is published this week in Nature Communications. Vinokur and Tatyana Baturina, a visiting scientist at Argonne, authored the paper, along with researchers from the A.B. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics in Russia, the Autonomous University of Madrid and the University of Zaragoza in Spain, the University of Bristol in the U.K. and the Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre in Belgium. This work was supported by the DOE's Office of Science, the Spanish MICINN and MEC (Consolider Ingenio Molecular Nanoscience), the Comunidad de Madrid, the Aragon Regional Government, the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research.
We should teach novels because… Because we want students to have cultural knowledge. We want students to have the experience of reading particular books. Shakespeare is likely the most common example here. Because we want students to have shared intellectual experiences. There are opportunities for small group and whole class conversations, close readings of importance scenes, and collaboration to push through obstacles. This is the stuff of good literacy teaching. Because we want students to develop reading stamina. If students are to succeed in college or their career, they must read complex texts independently. That is the most Common Core thing you will read all day. I don’t see much wrong with it, though, as one goal for our literacy instruction. Because of tradition. Many books hold a decades-long place in school curricula. Teachers have established projects that students do yearly. Veteran teachers share helpful resources with newer teachers on these long-held, canonical texts. Because it is simpler than other reading class structures. Reading workshop, literature circles, or book groups all require planning, organization, and a willingness to have things get messy. My classroom looks and sounds more organized when everyone reads the same novel at once. And ultimately… Because it is required. Many teachers have a list of books that students must read. Students sit for midterms, finals and other shared assessments related to specific novels. Ideally, teachers compare results and practices in the pursuit of deeper student learning. Wait a second. Go back to the top of this list. Begin with the headline. Now change each of those statements from “We should…” to “Should we…?” Should we teach novels because we want students to have certain cultural knowledge? Many argue that students should read Shakespeare and the Bible because so much in culture alludes to those texts. But as our society becomes more multicultural, will we broaden the list of canonical and classic literature to represent more diversity? Further, in a world where I can find other people online who share my exact literary or cultural obsessions (“The Howling Fantods” for you fellow DFW fans), is a “pop culture” knowledge of classic literature as important? Should we teach novels because of tradition? Tradition is neither a reason for or against change. Many teachers ask their students to read one teacher-selected novel at a time because their department, school or teacher prep program passed that practice down to them. In that case, examine the results. If there is a deficit in many students, a lack of engagement, or the potential for more challenging work, consider a reset. Should we teach novels because it is required? Even though teaching whole novels can often lead to fake reading, it is often a requirement. This doesn’t mean that students can’t or won’t read novels, but required does not equate to best practice. We can often fulfill the duties of our jobs and use our professional judgement to make requirements work for our students. Should we teach novels because we want students to have a shared intellectual experience? Sorry to answer a question with a question but…how valuable is the shared intellectual experience if many students have not read the book? Yes, a student-led intellectual discussion about a classic work of literature is a valuable experience if the students have made meaning of the text first. This surface learning must happen through actual reading before we push for deep learning like thematic discussions. Should we teach novels because we want students to develop reading stamina with complex texts? Let’s use an analogy to P.E. class. All students are required to run one mile for time. Instead of taking the students down to the track, the teacher brings them to Planet Fitness. There, each student must hop on the treadmill, set the speed to 9.0, and click start. Now, the results: • Five kids walk away, realizing that the teacher is crazy and they’d prefer not to try. • Three kids honestly want to do it, but they don’t have the ability. They eventually hop off or get dropped off the back. • Six kids think they’re doing it, but they’re actually holding onto the handles and dragging their feet most of the time. • Four kids lowered the setting down to 6.0, but huffed and puffed so hard that the teacher never noticed. • Two kids felt that the pace was perfect for them. • Five kids from the track team jacked it up to 10.0 and finished before the teacher expected. They looked at their phones while the rest of the kids to finished. Even with the important goal of getting students college ready, we must first meet them where they are. Should we teach novels because it is easier to manage than other reading class structures? Without proper resources, teachers can’t be expected to adapt new class structures. However, in resources like Book Love, In the Middle, Power and Portfolios, The Book Whisperer, Whole Novels for the Whole Class and in the stories of teachers like Gerilyn Lessing, Steve Ferguson, and others in Hacking Literacy, there are ideas for how to make it work. Which question from the list above do you answer “yes” to? Let me know. [optin-cat id=”422″] Leave a Reply
How often does synovial sarcoma occur? How often does synovial sarcoma occur? Synovial sarcoma is rare. It accounts for between 5 and 10 percent of the approximately 10,000 new soft tissue sarcomas reported each year. Synovial sarcoma occurs mostly in young adults, with a median age of 26.5. Approximately 30 percent of patients with synovial sarcoma are younger than 20. This disease occurs more often in men than in women. Continue Learning about Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Adult No one knows exactly what causes soft tissue sarcoma, a cancer of soft bodily tissues such as muscles, tendons and fat. The National Cancer Institute says that exposure to radiation therapy as a child and certain genetic diseases ... such as von Recklinghausen disease can boost your risk of developing this cancer as an adult. If you have such a tumor, you might notice a lump or swelling in a certain area and feel pain or have trouble breathing from the tumor pressing on nerves or organs.
Historical Facts About The 1500's 1. the next time you are complaining about something take a moment to realize just how much easier lifeiscompared to how it used to be. here are some facts about the 1500's: most people got married in june because they took their yearly bath in may and still smelled pretty good by june. however, they were starting to smell again so brides carried a bouquet of flowers to hide the body odor. hence the custom today of carrying a bouquet when getting married. baths consisted of a big tub filled with hot water. and finally the children, last of all the babies. by then the water was so dirty you could actually lose someone in it. hence the saying, "don't throw the baby out with the bath water." houses had thatched roofs, thick straw piled high, with no wood underneath. it was the only place for animals to get warm so all the dogs and cats and other small creatures (mice, bugs) lived in the roof. when it rained the straw became slippery and sometimes the animals would slip and fall off the roof. hence the saying "it's raining cats and dogs". there was nothing to keep things from falling into the house. this posed a real problem in the bedroom where bugs and other droppings could really mess up your nice clean bed. so a bed with big posts and a sheet hung over the top afforded some protection. that's how canopy beds came into existence. the floor was dirt. only the wealthy had something other than dirt. hence the saying "[color=#996633]dirt poor". the wealthy had slate floors that would get slippery in the winter when wet, so they spread thresh (straw) on the floor to help keep their footing. as the winter wore on, they kept adding more thresh until when they opened the door the straw would start slipping outside. a piece of wood was placed across the entranceway. hence the term "thresh hold". in those old days, they cooked in the kitchen with a big kettle which was always hung over the fire. every day they lit the fire and added things to the pot. they ate mostly vegetables and did not get much meat. they would eat that stew for dinner leaving leftovers in the pot to get cold overnight and start over again the next day. sometimes the stew had food in it which had been there for quite a while. hence the rhyme, " peas porridge hot, peas sometimes they could obtain pork which made them feel quite special. when visitors came over, they would hang up their bacon to show it off. it was a sign of wealth if a man could "bring home the bacon." then they would cut off a little to share with the guests and all would sit around and "chew the fat." those with money had plates made of pewter. food with high acid content caused some of the lead to leech into the food causing lead poisoning and even death. this happened most often with tomatoes so for the next 400 years or so, tomatoes were considered poisonous. bread was divided according to status. workers got the burnt bottom of the loaf, the family got the middle and guests got the top or "[color=#996633]upper crust". lead cups were used to drink ale or whiskey. the combination would sometimes knock fellows out for a couple of days. someone walking along the road would take them for deadand prepare them for burial. they were laid out on the kitchen table for a couple of days and the family would gather around and eat and drink and wait to see if they would wake up.hence the custom of "holding a wake". england was old and small and the local folks started running out of places to bury people. so they would dig up coffins and take the bones to a "bone-house" and reuse the grave. when reopening these coffins, 1 out of 25 coffins were found to have scratch marks on the inside and they realized they had been burying people alive. so they thought they would tie a string to the wrist of the corpse, lead it through the coffin and up through the ground and tie it to a bell. someone would have to sit out in the graveyard all night (the graveyard shift) to listen for the bell: thus someone could be "saved by the bell" or be considered a "dead ringer". and that's the truth! whoever said that history was boring?
Previous: Modelling the Hand Next: Adding a Texture Back to Contents Modelling, Texturing and Animating a Hand by Julian MacDonald Setting up the Skeleton Having now created the triangle mesh model of the hand, it is time to create a skeleton for it. For the purposes of animating the hand, we're going to have to set up a range of poses or 'gestures' for the hand and using a skeleton makes this task much easier as you will see later. Double-click the hand object in the Object List to bring up the triangle mesh editor. Now it's time to set up the bones of the skeleton. A tip when drawing and manipulating skeletons is to go into edge editing mode and select all - the only point of this is that it hides the vertices and makes the mesh pink thereby making the position of the bones much clearer. I find this especially useful for complex meshes. Click on the skeleton tool icon We're going to create a bone chain for each digit and we'll start with the first finger. We want the 'root' of the bone chain to be at the palm end, so press ctrl and click near the centre of the palm to define the root. Then ctrl click over the base of the first finger. The two points will be joined with a bone depicted with a kite shape as shown below. Now ctrl again over the next joint up and the next and finally near the tip of the finger as shown below. Now, for the next finger. First click away from the bone to deselect the last point (otherwise the next ctrl click will join onto the end of the first finger). Then ctrl click again near the centre of the palm and proceed up the second finger the same as the first. Repeat for all fingers and the thumb (don't forget the thumb only has 2 bones in it). The final result should be as below: The next thing to do is to actually attach the skeleton to the mesh. To do this, select all the vertices (Edit -> Select All) and select Skeleton -> Bind Points to Skeleton. You will be prompted for a value for IK Weight Blending. IK stands for Inverse Kinematics and refers to the way that the bones towards the root end of the bone automatically follow bones further up the chain. IK Weight Blending defines the way that vertices are anchored to bones. See the tutorial on triangle meshes and the manual for more details of this. The default value of 0.5 will probably be OK as a starting point so accept this. >From now on, if you move the skeleton, the mesh will move along with it. Try it - save the file first, then activate the skeleton tool by clicking on the skeleton icon. Click on the endpoint of a bone and drag it. The mesh will follow the bone. However you may notice a problem - there is no control over where the bones are going. We need to restrict the bones' movement to produce a more realistic and controllable skeleton. Let's start with the first finger again. Click on the bone end at the fingertip to select it and select Skeleton -> Edit Bone . This will bring up the dialogue box shown on the right: There are 4 main parameters here that can be controlled: X-bend, Y-bend, Twist and Length. The X-bend and Y-bend control the way the bone rotates about the joint at the root end of the bone (the narrower end of the 'kite'), i.e. they affect the side to side and back to front movements. The Twist parameter is effectively the z-bend in that in controls 'spin' around the joint. The last parameter, Length allows the bone to stretch or compress along its length. Note that both Twist and Length have the Lock option ticked by default. This means that these operations are prohibited. To enable them, simply untick the boxes. However, since fingers cannot twist or lengthen, we'll leave them as they are. Now, I don't know about your hand, but the first 2 joints in my fingers do not allow any sideways movement (X-bend), only movement backwards and forwards (Y-bend). So, click on the Lock tickbox to lock the X-bend. Now onto the backwards and forwards movement: The bone in the tip of my fingers doesn't bend very readily until the finger is curled right over at which point it can bend through about 90 degrees with respect to the next bone. There is no movement at all in the reverse direction. So, under the Y-Bend click on Restrict Total Range and enter the values 0 (for no backward movement) and 90 (for 90 degree forward motion). Because this movement doesn't occur until the finger is curled over, I suggest putting a Stiffness value in as well - say 0.5. Click on OK to set these values. Then select the next joint down and bring up the dialogue for that bone. Again, this bone cannot move sideways with respect to the 3rd finger bone so lock the X-bend. Also, as before, the bone cannot bend backwards so the minimum is again 0. Forward motion is perhaps marginally greater than the previous bone, say about 100 degrees. The 3rd finger bone does allow sideways movement, so here we can set a range for the X-bend as well as the Y-bend. Again, it's about a 90 degree movement forwards for the Y-bend (and maybe a small backward angle as well) and, say 10-20 degrees each way for the X-bend (so, set -10 and 10 for the range). There is one bone left running from the base of the finger to the middle of the palm which we won't do anything with for the moment, but this bone could be used for more realistic deformations of the palm as the fingers move. All we need now is to set up the joints in the other fingers in the same way and the skeleton is complete. Previous: Modelling the Hand Next: Adding a Texture Back to Contents
Open Conference Systems, ICQQMEAS2013 Font Size: Ioannis Salamouris Last modified: 2015-09-24 The only thing certain in economic life is that most of it is conducted into an uncertain environment; that raises a question though: what makes individuals to pursue entrepreneurship which engages too much risk for an unsure, or too little, return? Entrepreneurs appear to be individuals that would try to make profit even if the odds of achieving their goal are really slim; apparently statistics do not seem to affect their decision. Research has shown that people tend to be optimistic when a decision is made under uncertainty (Taylor and Brown, 1988) and exhibit overconfidence in judgment (DeBondt and Thaler, 1995). Overconfident individuals tend to overestimate their relative ability (Svenson, 1981); therefore, their perception about their actions, probabilistically, appears to them to be safer than others that exhibit no overconfidence. The fact that entrepreneurs use all their effort and resources in the pursuit of their business endeavors may be intuitively inferred as overconfidence. A sample of 2,994 entrepreneurs provides us with interesting research findings (Cooper, Woo, and Dunkelberg, 1988): 81% considers their chances of success to be at least 70% and 33% believe their chances of success to reach a probability of 100%. In reality, about 75% of new businesses no longer exist after five years. What does this really say to us? Is it that entrepreneurs are incapable of seeing the risk or/and measure it, or is it that they consciously perceive a different dimension of risk involved in their actions? A more recent study (Wu and Knott 2006) showed as a general observation that entrepreneurs are more cautious than most of us would think or believe and the belief that entrepreneurs have bigger tolerance for risk is rather unsupported according to the empirical findings. Although there are some cases where entrepreneurs appear to be more risk averse than average, still it does not prevent them to bear risk. Such finding sounds controversial but in reality it is not. Entrepreneurs seem to set different dimensions for uncertainty, thus the oxymoron suggested above actually justifies their actions. Entrepreneurs, believe that uncertainty has two dimensions, one, is the well-known, market uncertainty, and two, the uncertainty regarding ability. Similar to the majority of people, entrepreneurs detest the market risk but on the other hand they much appreciate their own abilities. The element of overconfidence in their ability is the factor that compensates for their dislike of risk. Practically any entrepreneurial action is dictated by the level of overconfidence in comparison to the level of risk involved. Theoretically as long as overconfidence prevails over market risk, entrepreneurs will have a high probability to undertake the projects. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the impact of overconfidence in entrepreneurial behavior Full Text: PDF
Wednesday, 19 March 2014 What does the flagellar sheath do? A flagellum is an essential tool for any aspiring pathogen, with functions beyond mere locomotion. They are potent virulence factors, as seen in pathogens of vertebrates. Unfortunately, the difficulty in separating motility from other microbe-host interaction effects in this group has obscured any other purposes the flagellum may serve. Though highly conserved in basic molecular structure, the bacterial flagellum is very adventurous when it comes to morphology, number and extra bits. A prominent additional feature is the flagellar sheath, present in many symbiotic groups have this membrane. The function of this sheath is sheathed in mystery, but is posited to hide the flagellum from the host’s immune system. However there are two arguments against this idea. First of all, the flagellar sheath is made of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which also triggers immune responses. Secondly, it is not known what the rapid spinning of the flagellum would do to the flagellar sheath; surely the membrane would fly off as small, immune-stimulatory vesicles? Both arguments hint that the flagellar sheath is involved in modifying or even encouraging host immune responses, rather than avoiding them. To delve into this case, the beloved model symbiosis between the Hawaiian bobtail squid Euprymna scolopes and the radiant Vibrio fischeri was utilised. The initiation of this symbiosis was tracked in real time to identify any roles of the flagellar sheath in host-microbe interactions. Non-rotating flagellum mutants were compared with the wild type to observe the effect on ciliated epithelial apoptosis (CEA, see my previous blog post for more detail). The flagellar sheath was confirmed to be involved in modulating host immune responses. The rotation of a sheathed flagellum was revealed to release LPS, inducing an immune response in the squid. LPS was shown to be a key initiator of the apoptotic tissue development in E. scolopes, indicating the role of the flagellar sheath in a specific recognition role in this symbiosis. Non-rotating mutants released less LPS and were much less successful in inducing CEA development, suggesting that the host had narrow LPS thresholds required for symbiosis development, adding a new layer of specificity to this host-microbe interaction. Understanding the purpose of the flagellar sheath is limited by knowledge of how lipids behave. For example, how does LPS interact with the immune system? What kind of cellular receptors bind to lipids? Does LPS form vesicles, which may contain other molecules like flagellin (the main protein in flagella) and do they have a synergistic immune effect? One issue I have with this study is that I don’t think they successfully separated the effects of flagellar motility from host development initiation. This is because the non-rotating mutants would also have been less motile and therefore worse at infiltrating the host light organ. Their reduced CEA-inducing abilities may have been due to this, rather than lower LPS immune stimulation. By covering flagellin, perhaps LPS provides more dispersible and customisable immune stimulation. Flagellin alone cannot do this, since it is highly conserved across all bacterial groups. I think further work should look into whether certain bacteria present flagellar sheaths during specific life cycle stages or environmental conditions. Some Vibrios drastically change their flagella when near a surface, so perhaps there are sheath changes which aid in host colonization? Brennan, C. A., Hunt, J. R., Kremer, N., Krasity, B. C., Apicella, M. A., McFall-Ngai, M. J., & Ruby, E. G. (2014). A model symbiosis reveals a role for sheathed-flagellum rotation in the release of immunogenic lipopolysaccharide.eLife, 3. No comments: Post a Comment
Thanchanok Chaiprasit Mentor: Joshua Shapiro Department: Biology Phenotypic Differences between Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains under Different Conditions Saccharomyces cerevisiae has long been a well-established model organism for studying eukaryotic biology and genetics. Although certain strains of S. cerevisiae, such as the S288C strain, are commonly used in labs, there is a multitude of wild strains derived from natural populations that are not as well understood. Little is known about the ecology of these highly diverse wild populations of the species, in particular how to culture them in lab settings. The study will examine the growth of 52 strains of S. cerevisiae and other common species in multiple conditions, including different sugars, temperatures, pHs, amino-acid nitrogen sources, carbon sources, drugs and more, to discover the variations in the lab and wild strains of the species. Techniques such as end-point colony size assay will be used to analyze the different strains’ ability to grow under specific conditions and observe the different phenotypic characteristics (i.e. colony morphology and sporulation rate) of each strain. Other than identifying the ideal growth medium and lab conditions for the wild strains, this study will also identify the polymorphism among the species, which could provide us with a deeper insight to the evolutionary history of the species and enrich the genome-wide association studies in yeast.
The Sorrow of War Glossary The Sorrow of War Glossary Stream of consciousness A style of narration where typical features of form are ignored, such as full stops and paragraph breaks. It is most often associated with the first-person narrative voice First-person narrative voice A form of narration where the narrator of the story tells it from their own personal perspective. He or she addresses the reader as 'I' Semi autobiographical An adjective used to describe a work of fiction that shares many similarities to the author's own life. For example, if the main character of the work grew up in New York and the author did as well A unit of soldiers in an army Drunk; when someone has consumed too much alcohol Rape (as a weapon in conflict) The sexual violation of a woman or man, by someone else without the victim's consent. In conflict situations, rape can be used as a means of destroying the morale of a population and as a way of asserting its control over women Update this section! Update this section
Laser mapping discovers hidden cavern the size of FOUR Great Pyramids in China Contributed by Oct 7, 2014 Sure, there’s a lot of cool stuff in the ocean — but there’s also a whole world of unexplored stuff down deep in the bowels of the earth. The latest find? Explorers have used laser mapping to discover a mind-blowingly huge cavern under the mountains of southern China. Dubbed the Miao Room, the “supercave” has been named the world’s most enormous cavern. As Gizmodo notes, if you do the math right, the space could technically hold four Great Pyramids. Or, you know, a small city. The cavern was discovered by an expedition funded by the National Geographic Society, and reportedly measures some 380.7 million cubic feet (10.78 million cubic meters) in volume. Here’s how National Geographic described the laser-scanning process that mapped the massive space: Our model is a Riegl VZ-400, used in architecture, engineering, and mining and now for the first time in caving. It's a metal cylinder about the size of a human head and weighs 21 pounds, not including its two nine-pound batteries or the tripod or laptop and cables. When running, it sits at about eye level, spinning 360 degrees and taking up to 122,000 measurements per second of everything within a maximum 2,000-foot radius. It's fascinating to think there are still places like this that remain undiscovered, especially something this big. We'd love to go spelunking in this beast. Check out a rendering of the cave below, developed from the laser mapping: (Via Gizmodo, National Geographic)
Hitler's actions leading up to WW2. HideShow resource information • Created by: aggy98 • Created on: 12-05-14 14:41 View mindmap • Hitler's actions leading up to WW2. • 1934: Failed Anschluss. Hitler encourages riots, which eventually lead to the murder of Austrian chancellor Dolfuss. Hitler then tried to take over, but Mussolini moved his army to the border and prevented it. • 1935: The return of the Saar- the people voted to determine whever or not they returned to Germany. 90% voted in favour of return to Germany. Also signed anglo-german naval agreement- 35% of British. rearmament- army to half a million. • 1936: Rhineland. Hitler sends troops to re-occupy the Rhineland whilst B and F are distracted with Abyssinia. Orders to retreat if France offers any resistance- they do nothing. • !937; Anti-comintern pact- Hitler gains an alliance with Italy and Japan agaianst communism. • 1938: Anschluss- Rumours of another nazi plot, Schsushnigg appeals to Hitler, Hitler forces him to appoint Nazi leader Seys Inquart as police leader. Hitler then encourages riots- Seys does nothing. Schsuhnigg realises Hitler wont help. Decided to call a plebiscite as to whever the people want to join Germany or not- Hitler then moves army to border and forces him to resign. Later plebiscite to justify- 99% vote in favour. • 1938: Sudetenland-Hitler encourages Henlein to do independence riots, chamberlain flies to Berchetsgaden to ask what Hitler wants- Hitler wants plebiscites in Sudentenland. Chamberlain gets France and Benes of Czechoslovakia to agree- flies to Godesburg but Hitler now wants immediate occupation. Mussolini then calls munich conference- no Czechoslovakia or Russia. B, F, G and I agree to give Hitler sudetenland- Britain and Germany secret agreement- would not go to war again. • 1939: Poland and Hungary have already gained Czech land. Hitler then encourages further riots in the Czechslovakia land- H forced to invite Hitler in. • 1939: Hitler makes Nazi Soviet pact with Stalin- agrees not to go to war with each other- secretly agrees to split Poland. This guarentees war as Britain and Franc had both promised to defend poland. • 1939- War! • They had lost 70% of defenses at Munich agreement. • Consequences • Hitler and Mussolini signed the pact of steel- commiting that they would support the other in war time. • Britain and france agree to protect Poland- end of appeasementas Hitler could not justify this. • 1935- anglo german naval agreement- 35% of british fleet- didnt include submarines. Meant that by 1938 Hitler had 47 u-boats, the army ha 800,000 and 2000 aircraft. • 1934- 10 year non aggression pact with Poland to secure borders and prove Hitler wouldn't take back polish corridor. No comments have yet been made Similar History resources:
Definition of governance Administration has progressively become a major instrument for the successful growing public presentation and development intents in the universe. Additionally, Governance and establishment have besides created attending to bookmans every bit good as to international establishments such as World Bank and IMF. In Africa administration has been a concern since 1960s when some African states got their independency ( khan 2006 ) . There is strong grounds that administration and establishments affects growing public presentation of the Africa ( World Bank 2005 ) . However, there is no common set of administration or establishments that states should follow, therefore, it is linked to the state ‘s specific context. However, there is an understanding that it involves ( the accomplishment of the Millennium Development Goals, the Poverty Reduction Strategy, sustainable development, wealth creative activity and etc ) . Nevertheless, successful developed states have shown that their superior public presentation is due to good administration ( Kaufmann 2005 ) . In Africa hapless administration has led to hapless economic growing and it is manifested through corruptness, political instability, uneffective regulation of Torahs and establishments. Some African states went through administration failures and corruptness at some point in clip but their administration capacity made them retrieve and guarantee the care of rapid growing public presentation through changeless demands to better authorities and cut down corruptness. However, this could non go on if administration capacity was hapless and non sustainable ( Makolo & A ; Resta 2005 ) . The challenge for Africa is to reconstitute the administration scheme and learn from other states feasible administration schemes that would be suited to their ain conditions. Therefore, the existent administration system does non prolong good growing public presentation ( Khan 2006 ) . The aim of the present paper is to give an overview of administration in Africa, in the context of the current administration argument by African states for sustainable development, wealth creative activity and poorness decrease in concurrence with the administration enterprises undertaken by African states. The paper is based on secondary beginnings including books, diary articles, online articles, research and surveies done antecedently by assorted bookmans, the authorities, the United Nations Organization, the World Bank, NGOs and donor establishments. The essay is structured as follows: subdivisions two provides a definition and discourse some indexs used to mensurate administration harmonizing to different bookmans and international bureaus. Section three discusses the empirical grounds on the relationship between administration and growing public presentation as suggested by experts, subdivision four discusses the effects of hapless administration on economic growing public presentation, subdivision five challenges to governance in Africa followed by decisions and finalise with the bibliography. Definition and measuring of administration There are many definitions and readings of administration. However, in general, in this paper administration will be referred as a procedure of determination devising on which determinations are implemented. The term administration can be applied in the undermentioned context: international, national, local, corporate etc. The term good administration is used to compare uneffective economic systems and it refers to how public establishments behavior and pull off public resources to vouch the realisation of the provinces programs and human rights ( Emery 2003 ; Kaufmann 2005 ) . The United Nations Development Program ( UNDP ) refers to governance as “ A ” ( UNDP 1997 ) . Similarly, the World Bank refers to governance as “ B ” ( World Bank 1995 ) . The wide definition of administration makes it hard to mensurate, nevertheless, some bookmans and research workers use some indexs to mensurating administration. Therefore, Harmonizing to Kaufmann ( 2005 ) there are six major indexs that capture the quality of administration including: ( I ) Voice and Accountability: which refers to the engagement of the civil society in monitoring and mensurating political determinations on civil and human rights ; ( ii ) Political Instability: it examines the exposure of authorities to alterations through violent menaces or unconstitutional agencies ; ( three ) Government Effectiveness: it measures the quality and the competency of civil retainers in service deliver including their credibleness every bit good as the effectivity of the bureaucratic procedure ; ( four ) Regulatory quality: it measures whether the policies are friendly to the concern environment ; ( V ) Rule of Law: it measures whether the quality of jurisprudence enforcement including: the constabulary, the tribunals, every bit good as belongings rights are non vulnerable to offense or force ; and ( six ) Control of Corruptness: which measures the exercising of public power for private addition, including both graft and extortion. The Empirical Evidence Empirical grounds suggests that there is a weak relationship between hapless administration and hapless growing public presentation, therefore, it suggest that there is another of import variable that would better the growing public presentation that is non captured by administration. However, good administration is indispensable for good growing public presentation ( Khan 2006 ) . Surveies done by Knack & A ; Keefer ( 1997 ) ; Mauro ( 1997 ) ; Kauffman et Al. ( 1999 ) utilizing some corruptness and establishments as administration index and per capita income found that developed states have better administration and low corruptness, whereas hapless states have hapless administration and high corruptness. However the way of causality is non clearly established, that is, it could be possible that the high income is related to development degree. Additionally, studied by Mo ( 2001 ) , associating corruptness and economic growing rates, found a weak relationship between these two and it even disappears when other variables are included in the theoretical account. Therefore, it is undeniable that corruptness affects to certain widen the growing public presentation of African state. Similarly, Khan ( 2006 ) Using informations from the period 1980s and 1990s, and utilizing the administration index against per capita growing, he found that good administration addition per capita income over the period. Additionally, Sachs & A ; Warner ( 1997 ) besides demonstrated that states with good establishments governance tend to hold high rates of economic growing than states with hapless establishments. However, the way of causality remains a contention. 4. Administration and hapless economic growing public presentation In this subdivision the paper will foreground the cause and impacts of hapless administration on economic growing. Causes of hapless administration in Africa There are many causes of hapless administration in Africa, including: incompetency, ignorance and deficiency of capacity from the leading every bit good as unequal substructures, corruptness, hapless establishments etc, nevertheless the present paper will foreground corruptness, establishments. Corruption takes topographic point when public functionaries break the Torahs to carry through their ain involvement. The most common types of corruptness are graft and extortion every bit good as allotment of public resources to favor political benefits ( Obadina 2000 ) . Therefore, in many African states, corruptness takes topographic point as a regulation based for determinations. That is, public functionaries influence the economic sciences determination in hurt of the full society. This consequences in inefficiency and high dealing costs every bit good as deformation of transparent and normal market operations and therefore, making insecurity for investors. Typically, African states have a weak revenue enhancement base and the policy shapers lack unity therefore, easing corruptness. Corruptness is strongly correlated to hapless public administration, nevertheless, the causality hard to acknowledge ( Siebert 2006 ) . Institutions are regulations of jurisprudence regulating the behavior of the society. By and large, in most African states establishments have been a failure because they serve to protect or back up personal involvements of the elite or leading. Consequently, the authorities does non supply efficient institutional model to prolong good administration, transparence and answerability from its establishments. In many African states, weak establishments do non procure the needed long tally sustainable growing. However, many African leaders are contented with short term a solution that imposes long term cost for the state. ( For illustration: the budget deficits controls ) . Therefore, since the states do non hold a sustainable and efficient revenue enhancement system some rely on monetising through the cardinal bank or public debt ( Siebert 2006 ) . The maps of establishments consist of creative activity and execution of economic policies, service bringing, and guaranting efficient usage of public resources every bit good as jurisprudence enforcement. Therefore, good administration implies efficient establishments. Consequently, weak establishments acts as a barrier to sustainable growing in Africa. ( Amoako 2003 ) Harmonizing to Khan & A ; Senhadji ( 2000 ) , hapless administration by African states has led to hapless economic growing since it affects negatively investing, productiveness, foreign Aid, ingestion etc. In many African states public investing is hindered by hapless political environment and quality administration, therefore, investors including foreign investors tend non to impart investing to Africa, since the concern environment is non contributing to procure sustainability and returns. Additionally, weak establishments and political instability retract private sector investing by cut downing inducements. On the other manus, private investing benefits from the positive outwardnesss of urbanisation implied by the being of productive substructures. Consequently, there is no inducement for investor to impart their financess to Africa because they are non assured about the return to their investing. African states are neglecting to better the administration, therefore, barricading the economic growing that would ensue from foreign investings. The World Bank estimates that Africa merely received 8 % of private investing during the period 2001-2006 ( Wiafe 2007 ) . External assistance Most African states depend on external assistance, therefore, the efficient soaking up of Aid to every bit good as the attractive force of international givers would depend on quality of public establishments and service bringing accompanied by high skilled retainer and capacity edifice. Therefore, beef uping the regulation of jurisprudence and belongings rights, better the regulative load and avoid political force would pull givers therefore, increasing the chance of increasing the growing rate. 5. Challenges to governance in Africa Governance construct per Se represents a challenge for Africa, since there is no common definition applied to it. Therefore, it is huge and capable to different readings. However, although changeless arguments on administration, there is still some contention about the good administration. However, harmonizing to the World Bank, the challenges confronting the African continent towards following sustainable administration are as follows: Authorization of the civil society: in Africa there is strong belief that better administration is done when authorities is strengthened. Therefore, people participation in administration is hapless in the continent. However, African states need to actuate engagement of the civil society in the states ‘ administration so that the society will be empowered to demand answerability from the public sector directors and avoid misdirection of public goods. Therefore, it is important to developed and beef up instruments that allows civil society intercession and engagement in administration. On the other manus a monolithic engagement of the society would necessitate high degrees of answerability, credibleness and efficiency of civil society organisations ( Kaufmann 1999 & A ; Khan 2006 ) . Communication and media: the media plays a really of import function in circulating and unwraping societies ‘ sentiment sing socio political positions and besides act as supervisor to public sector directors. Therefore, in Africa it has been a great challenge to advancing media ‘s freedom of look combined with professionalism, capacity and credibleness. Additionally, in some African states the private media are limited due to finance restraints, therefore, unable to work expeditiously. Therefore, the bulk of the media establishments are province controlled therefore, missing independent ( World Bank 2005 ) . Decentralization: the leading in most African states is centralised, therefore, the local authorities do non hold the power and authorization to take any determination. Therefore, it hinders efficient the capacity of the local disposals. Therefore, the sentiment of the population is non legitimated by the local administration. Additionally, due to deficiency of capacity and authorization, the local authoritiess are non efficient in supplying public service, nor accountable for their local establishments ( Kaufmann 1999 & A ; World Bank 2005 ) . Leadership edifice and public disposal: it is non possible to hold good administration under hapless leading. Therefore, it is important to construct capacity for policy development that would necessitate airy leading, equal resource and information direction and efficient public service bringing. The above mentioned capacity edifice are required in a changing environment and are in line with the millenary development ends. Additionally, reforms in the populace services capacity are needed including proviso of inducements to public retainers, to guarantee motive and increased public presentation, answerability and decrease in corruptness. Public service bringing should be improved through capable and effectual establishments ( World Bank 2005 ) . Parliamentary system: The parliament should play a major function in extinguishing corruptness and encourages good administration. On one manus, for this to efficaciously go on, members of parliaments need to be independent and reinforced in footings of human and institutional capacity. On other manus, internal organisation and processs such as developing chances every bit good as minimal literacy degree are critical. Additionally, the parliamentary demand to be provided with institutional resources such as, libraries or certification Centres ( World Bank 2005 ) . Peace and stableness: Conflicts and crises such as civil discord have affected administration in Africa every bit good as the constitution of sustainable growing public presentation. Although some states have recovered from civil wars, good administration remains a challenge. This includes hiking national capacity to avoid crises in administration, keeping good internal relationship and peace edifice, every bit good as support of issues sing national security reduction and offense ( World Bank 2005 ) . Institutions and human rights: leaders and society need to esteem constitutional regulations as a pillar of the regulation of Torahs. Therefore, any discourtesy of Torahs would be a menace to stableness. Additionally, the unity and independency of the bench should be improved as it can cut down structural restraints. Protection to people ‘s rights including minority groups and vulnerable population should besides be improved ( World Bank 2005 ) . In decision, hapless public presentation is a general concern in Africa, and is largely explained by the continuity of inefficient markets, corruptness, hapless establishments, low authorities intercession every bit good as insecure belongings rights. Therefore, Africa needs an improved set of policy including political, economical and institutional reforms to interrupt the relentless hapless growing public presentation. The economic reforms should unite market liberalisation, enforcement of belongings rights, improved establishments every bit good as credibleness and answerability of public retainers and leaders. To extinguish public resource misdirection and to guarantee quality service bringing and effectual bureaucratism, beef up the regulations of jurisprudence every bit good as the publicity of credibleness answerability and transparence, capacity edifice is besides a critical procedure. Once the African states successfully pull off to acquire rid of the variables associated with hapless administration and establishments, Africa will be in a better place to beef up and hike its growing public presentation. Consequently, poorness will be reduced and wealth increased.
Of Kinds and Common Ancestors: Comparing Mitochondrial Genomes of Mammals A few days ago I shared some thoughts about the significance of genetic differences that are observed between humans and primates (How Similar is Similar, Part I). I said that it was important that genetic similarity numbers that are frequently used to make a case for genetic uniqueness need to be assessed in the context of comparisons with other species using the same methods. Creation scientists have predicted or assumed that many of today’s species are the result of rapid divergence from a preserved pair of each original created “kind” since Noah’s flood. If this prediction is true then I would expect there to be a close genetic relationship between those organisms that have had a common ancestor just 4000 years ago. On the other hand creationists believe that species that descended from different kinds, and therefore don’t share a common ancestor, should not show the same sort of genetic relationships. I have argued that creationists are ill advised to believe that the genetic data support this assertion. To test my observations about creationist genetics, I made some predictions about the genetic similarities of some species of mammals. I didn’t make my predictions in a vacuum but rather from some experience with comparing a number of individual genes in many of these species. However, I had never compared complete mitochondrial genomes before undertaking this exercise. Below I give you some background about what I did and then I show you actual data that I collected to test the predictions that I have made and at the same time test the assertions of creationists about genetic similarities. I make no claim that the data I present are convincing evidence of common ancestry or of the lack of common ancestry. My point is not to prove or disprove common ancestry but to provide some provocative data that anyone who wants to understand the relationships of organisms and their origins must account for. What is the Mitochondrial Genome and Why Compare these Sequences? The nuclear genome is very complex, very large, and not all species have been completely sequenced and so extensive comparisons would be very difficult. I have chosen a much simpler system to compare. The human mitochondria (power plant of the cell) has its own genome of 16,569 base pairs. You have a several copies in every cell and you inherited this small genome from your mother. What makes this genome very useful for comparing individuals and species is that it is passed on from generation to generation and when there is a mutation that mutation will be passed to the next generation and there is almost no opportunity for lineages of mitochondrial genomes to get mixed or have genetic exchange. This is were the idea of the “mitochondrial” eve comes from. Eve would have had one particular version of a mtDNA genome and then passed it to all her offspring. If any of her daughters had mutations they would pass those variants to their children and so on. Thus if there are 200 differences between two mitochondrial sequences among members of a species you can figure that this equates to at least 200 mutations that have happened in the descendants from the original ancestor of a species or population. So these properties of the mtDNA genome of animals are useful for comparing time of divergence for species from an ancestor because if you have one species that splits into two species the differences in their mitochondrial genomes will generally represent the number of changes since there was an ancestral population (see footnote for caveats to this). For example, the ancestor of wolves (and domestic dogs) and coyotes had a mitochondrial genome sequence or some set of variant genomes in the population but when the population diverged and then changed into coyotes and wolves as separate species the time that they have been breeding separately will result in an accumulation of unique changes to each of their mitochondrial genomes. How does all this relate to the question of genetic similarity between species in the previous post. The 70% genetic similarity of the human and chimpanzee genome according to Tomkins is a difficult number to understand because it has no context. I asked, what if we were to compare other genomes, how much difference would we see using the same criteria for estimating similarity? Because Tomkins is looking at so many types of changes to the genome it is hard to assess those values. I have chosen to look at at much simpler system. The mtDNA genome is almost the same size in animals, has the same genes, almost always in the same order and with almost no gaps or insertions. This means that we can take the DNA strand from one organism and just line it up with another organism and ask – how many differences are their in the actual As,Ts,C,s and Gs of the DNA code? For example we can line up a human mtDNA and chimpanzee code and see that the typical human has 1462 differences out of approximately 16500 bases. With this simple system we can then ask, how different are the mtDNA genomes of some representative species of mammals. How did I do it? It is very simple and you can do it yourself. Go to this site: http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?PROGRAM=blastn&BLAST_PROGRAMS=megaBlast&PAGE_TYPE=BlastSearch&SHOW_DEFAULTS=on&LINK_LOC=blasthome and type in this code EF667005.1 for the Black bear mtDNA genome in Query search window and then go to the bottom of the page and click on “BLAST”. In a few second to minutes you will have comparisons and alignments of that genome with other bears and organisms that are found to have similar sequences. Scrolling down the results you will be able to see the total number of differences between the “query” sequence and other species or individuals of the same species. What I am not reporting in the table below are the number of small insertions or gaps that in the genome. They are not a significant number in most cases. Let’s make some observations: While mtDNA differences are not always going to reflect a 1-to-1 relationship with the differences we would see in the nuclear genome what we see here is a good proxy for the relative differences we would see. If two species have more mtDNA differences they probably also will have more total genetic differences than two species that have fewer mitochondrial differences. What can we infer from the data then: 4) I didn’t show the numbers for chimps compared to great apes and orangutans but the differences (<2000 differences) are much greater than the differences between humans and chimps. However, creationists who study “kinds” have placed all the great apes in a single “holobaramin” implying that the apes all came from a common ancestor kind. By putting apes, orangutans and chimps together they are saying that they believe that the great genetic distances between these groups could have formed by mutation/evolution processes since God created the original “ape” ancestor. At the same time they are claiming that humans could not have evolved from apes because they are far too genetically distinct!? Do you see why I have been saying that creationists should be careful about proclaiming genetic differences as proof of no common ancestor. There is a severe double standard in interpretation going on here. Extra notes: 1. matterhorn731 says: Small typo noticed: in the mtDNA chart, did you mean Malayan Sun Bear instead of Mayan Sun Bear? 2. I enjoyed reading this post, but could you please clarify what your primary argument is here? I read the previous post, and it seems what you’re saying is, essentially, that the creationist claim of baramin doesn’t really play out in genetics. Is that correct? Could you make it more explicit? Sorry, I have literally no scientific training, so this kind of data can be hard for me to grasp… though it might also be because I have gotten very little sleep over the past few nights. • Your not alone in wondering what the main point was based on other private emails. Although much could be made of this data I didn’t wan’t to go too far in my conclusions. I simply wanted to demonstrate that most creation scientists try to play up the genetic differences between humans and primates as if to suggest that there is no way that they could be related. Yet, an apples to apples type comparison of other organisms with acknowledged common ancestors does not support their case. I’m just saying they are making is not persuasive in of itself. In fact I do think there is a lot of genetic difference between humans and primates but I also think there is significant genetic differences between foxes and dogs and sheep and goats and I think the simple analysis I have done shows some of that. However, genetics isn’t all about just total differences, it really is about differences in developmental genes that can make small differences in code turn into large phenotypic (visible) differences. Look at domestic dogs, they are all more similar to one another than humans are to one another or certainly all chimpanzees are to one another and yet they exhibit great visible differences. But these differences are the result of selection of a very small number of important developmental genes. Just looking at animals it can be difficult to really get a grasp on how different they are genetically. I am going to explore the importance of the genetic variation in populations in my next post of the ostrich series where I will ask how reducing populations of animals to just a pair effects the genetics of a species. Hopefully, that will show what some of the biggest challenges are for creationist genetics. 3. mati weis says: If one pair of “cat” changed into 20 species of cat from Lynx to Smilodon with say 10% variation why didn’t 4 pairs of humans change into 80 species of humans? I am aware this is an old thread Comments or Questions? WordPress.com Logo Twitter picture Facebook photo Google+ photo Connecting to %s %d bloggers like this:
The Story Behind Blush You may think you already know the history of blush (or rouge, as it was called until recently): that it's always been worn to appear youthful and radiant, but it's actually one of the most controversial forms of makeup worn in our history. Rouge became popular as early as in ancient Egypt, where both men and women wore it. In addition to heavy black makeup on their eyes, many ancient Egyptians wore rouge on cheeks and lips to add the pop of red. The rise of Christianity resulted the decline of rouge. The new stricter dress codes and norms caused people to frown upon artificial cosmetics, and it was seen as too flashy and promiscuous. One product that was eaten to produce white skin was called Arsenic (red flag!!) Complexion Wafers. They poisoned the blood so that less red blood cells, and thus less oxygen, would reach organs. Rouges were also created with mulberry (a harmless vegetable) and cinnabar: which was indeed a poisonous red shade of mercury. After the French revolution, makeup was again seen as extravagant and improper, and women who wore it were seen as fake: trying to capture lost youth. Through the years, there were many attempts to ban makeup: whether it was for moral or religious beliefs, or simply so that women wouldn't be able to "fool" men with a false beauty (Clement of Alexandria of Greece and a Greek Historian from the 4th Century believed that women were deceiving men, tricking them into marriage with makeup.). Even as recent as 1770, a law was put forth to the British parliament, suggesting that a marriage could be annulled if the bride used cosmetics before the wedding day. After a long, and ever changing ride, rouge has evolved into today's blush: an item essential to any woman's makeup bag. Thanks to modern science and technology, blushes aren't just more affordable today, but they're completely safe. And luckily, using it no longer makes you appear promiscuous or improper! More from StyleList: The Story Behind the French Manicure The Story Behind the High Heel Beauty Throwback: The Ballerina Bun Photo Credit: Getty Images Don't Make Me Blush Don't Make Me Blush Read Full Story Like AOL Lifestyle on Facebook
Why is person vs. society the major conflict in "The Lottery"? I know that it is Person vs. Society but I just don't know how to explain it and I can't find anything that can help me. Expert Answers litteacher8 eNotes educator\| Certified Educator The central conflict in “The Lottery” is the external conflict of person vs. society, because it is the traditions of the village that cause Tessie Hutchinson to be killed, and one other person a year before her. A person vs. society conflict exists when the rules or governance of the society come into conflict with the character. The character is threatened or impaired in some way by society. In this story, all characters are at conflict with society because the victim is chosen by lottery, but the Hutchinsons are the main conflict. “The Lottery” is the story of a village that sacrifices one of its people each year. The victim is chosen by lottery. There is no reason for this murder, except that things are done as they always have been. No one knows the original purpose of the lottery. They will not even repair the three-legged stool so it can stand by itself, or replace the dilapidated black box, because “no one liked to upset even as much tradition as was represented by the black box.” They seem to see the lottery as nothing more than an interruption in their daily routine. People in the village act the way they do because that is the way it’s always been. The lottery has been used since the first villagers settled, so they continue it. No one questions anything. Parts of the ritual only change when no one can remember them. This story represents the costs of going along with everyone else. If people don’t question things because no one else questions them, then grave injustices will continue. The mob mentality allows individuals to be anonymous and not held accountable for their choices. Like peer pressure, people just go along with whatever is done by the next person. mwestwood eNotes educator\| Certified Educator Perhaps, the main conflict can be explained with two quotes, one of Tessie Hutchinson's and the other of Old Man Warner's. These two characters have opposing views about the lottery: "It ain't fair, it isn't right," Mrs. Hutchison screamed." "There's always been a lottery," he [Old Man Warner] added, petulantly." The ideas expressed in these two quotes represent the conflict of individual thinking against blind adherence to tradition. Ralph Waldo Emerson has described the continuing of a custom and the blind adherence to this act just because it is traditional as "the opium of custom." Indeed, it is apparent that the members of Tessie Hutchinson's community are not thinking clearly and rationally after Mr. Summers, the lottery official, hurries through the ritual of the ceremony. Following the drawing of the name of the victim, it is as though the people of the community are in some clouded mental state as they gather stones and rush to kill Mrs. Hutchinson, especially when Mrs. Delacroix, who has been friendly to Tessie, selects a huge rock to hurl at the victim. gmuss25 eNotes educator\| Certified Educator In a Person vs. Society conflict, a particular character in the story struggles against the laws, regulations, or culture of their society. In Shirley Jackson's "The Lottery," Tessie Hutchinson experiences a Person vs. Society conflict after her name is randomly chosen during the community's annual lottery ceremony. Tessie Hutchinson struggles against her society's outdated, harmful tradition of ritually stoning a random citizen every June. The community's reasoning behind the lottery is never explicitly stated, which emphasizes the theme of blindly following tradition throughout the story. After being chosen as the community's sacrifice, Tessie protests by saying, "It isn't fair, it isn't right" (7). Unfortunately, Tessie Hutchinson is helpless against the community's insistence on following the mysterious tradition as they gather stones to hurl at her. Overall, Tessie's conflict focuses on her inability to alter the community's decision to stone her as part of their annual ritual. Despite her protests, Tessie becomes a victim of her society's brutal tradition.
Good report writing is not easy and it is very time consuming. However it is a skill worth developing. Remember that if a report is not easy to read, it probably will not be read at all. Preparation for report writing Subject: Decide which kind of information needs to be in the report. Be as precise as possible. For a project proposal report the following information is usually needed: What do you intend to do? Why is it important? What methods will you use? What results do you expect? Purpose: Determine what the purpose of the report is. Is it to inform others so that they become interested in the project? Is it to gain approval to proceed with the project? Layout: Check whether the report needs to be written in a compulsory layout (e.g. type of paper, headings footings, standardised form, etc.) What are the client’s requirements? Target group: Determine who the readers of the report will be. The contents of the report need to be adjusted to the people who will read it. E.g. How much information do they already have about the project? The target group will also determine the level of language you need to use. Structure: Check how the contents of the report need to be arranged. Length: Be specific. Only include information relevant to the project. The actual writing of the report Collect the information needed. Important sources are: Current trends, future developments, analysis of competitors, interviews with customers. Arrange your information in a logical way and take care the structure is well balanced. The way the report is divided determines the structure. Make use of chapters, paragraphs, sub-paragraphs. Chapters need to be roughly the same length. Paragraphs should be a logical subdivision of the chapters. Keep each short and make sure that one sub-paragraph covers one subject. Avoid spelling mistakes. If you are writing on a computer, use the spellcheck. Make sure the layout is well organised. The reader will give up quickly if it takes too much effort to follow the line of your argument. Make sure that there is enough space between the lines, paragraphs etc. Check the result by asking the following: 1.Does the report answer the questions raised by whoever commissioned it? 2.Is the structure logical and well balanced? Is the order of the topics correct? 3.Have the pages been numbered and is this according to the Index? 4.Has somebody else read the report and asked for feedback, before you sent it to the client? The different parts of your report The following division is the most common: The title page: The title of the report; The sub-title (if appropriate); The name of the author(s); The date of the presentation of the report. The Index (Table of Contents): this should be a separate page on which the chapters and paragraphs are listed and are next to the appropriate page number. Only the first page number of each chapter is listed. The executive summary: the executive summary is very important because not everybody has time to read the whole report. In the executive summary, the most important points are presented: • • • • • the reason why the report was written; the questions which are to be raised (problem statement); the solutions; the arguments used for the solutions; important conclusions and advice. The main text of the report: The main text is most commonly divided into the following chapters: Introduction: this indicates the structure of the report. By reading the introduction, the reader should understand what exactly the report is all about; which topics are included, which are not and why; how the information was obtained; why the report was written; what the aims of the report are (e.g. is the report written to present information, to advise, to evaluate?) etc. Clarification of the problem statement: this chapter explains why the information is needed, which information is needed and how the information obtained will be used. (or what the problem is, why the problem needs to be solved and which information is needed to be able to solve the problem). Methodology: a short description of how the information was obtained (methodology). The results, with an interpretation and description of the information obtained. Conclusions of the results Recommendations: it is better to make recommendations for each conclusion or group of conclusions. Annexes: if information or explanations which take up a lot of space and attention are in the text then they can make the report difficult to read. This type of information is often put in the Annexes. For example: a bibliography (references to literature used in the report), detailed explanations, examples, drawings, maps, list of abbreviations etc. Annexes should be numbered and should have a title. In the main report, references should be made to the annexes when needed. Annexes are also listed in the Index. Sign up to vote on this title UsefulNot useful Master Your Semester with Scribd & The New York Times Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. Cancel anytime.
R is an open source programming language and software environment, commonly used for statistical computing within data heavy roles such as data mining and statistics. Are you a programmer looking for a new job? Browse our jobs board here. R has had a resurgence in recent years with a growing number of programmers using its data generation and analysis capabilities within machine learning and other emerging data-dependant technologies. We discuss why you should learn and use R and how to get skilled up. Why should I learn R programming language? While R can seem overly complex at the start, for those looking for a programming language with a lot of meat on the bones, R is worth your consideration. In fact, a number of well-known organisations are taking advantage of R's impressive statistical features. Some Facebook employees are using R to analyse user behaviour, while over 500 Google employees are using R to make its advertising more effective, says Revolution Analytics. R uses command-line scripting, which is ideal for storing numerous series of complex data-analysis and recycling that analysis' on similar sets of data. R is totally free and open source, so unlike its rivals such as SAS or Matlab, R can be customised, cloned and even redistributed. One of the biggest benefits to open source software is that upgrades to the software are much more regular. This is extremely advantageous for statistical programming languages and environments. R is available on Windows, Linux and Mac OS X and able to import data from a whole host of programmes including Microsoft Excel, MySQL and Oracle. R really is a data analyst or statistician's dream - it packs a punch. R is able to handle an incredible amount of data and its two million users can vouch for that. In fact, one of R's selling points is that exact community. R's large and active online community supply a myriad of documentation, tutorials and online query forums. Find your next job in development here. How do I learn R programming language? If you're not 100 percent sure that R is for you, you might want to take an introductory course. Online video courses are very popular and won't break the bank. Udemy offers a range of online classes for R and statistical programming languages as a whole. These can start at around £10, so why not give it a shot. Another popular route for those with a background in programming is to just get stuck in. Just visit r-project.org to install and get started. While you don't need any additional downloads to begin working with R, it is a good idea to install RStudio, the free R integrated development environment (IDE). This studio includes useful features to make the learning process a little less daunting from syntax highlighting and code auto-completion. You'll be able to take advantage of lots of online tutorials and documentation, including coding shortcuts, here. For a full guide on getting started with R, see here. Find your next job with techworld jobs
Skip to main content 30 steps to a more accessible website Step 20: Providing a summary for tables The final piece of marking up tables is providing a summary. The summary of a table is never displayed in visual browsers; it is exclusively designed for screen readers and speech browsers. It is exactly what it sounds like: a summary, a longer description than the caption. It is usually read immediately before the caption. Every table should have a summary. If you have a calendar, the summary can be as simple as "Monthly calendar with links to each day's posts." If you use tables for layout, you should give each of those tables an empty summary, to indicate that the table is used exclusively for visual layout and not for presenting tabular data. (This is a similar concept to providing an empty ALT attribute on images used exclusively for visual spacing. We'll discuss these "spacer images" in step 21.) Who benefits? 1. Jackie benefits. When JAWS encounters your calendar, Jackie hears "Summary: Monthly calendar with links to each day's posts." Then she hears the caption, then she hears the table headers, then she can navigate through the calendar. 2. iCab users benefit. iCab can use the built-in text-to-speech capabilities of the Mac OS to read web pages, and it will read the summary of any table that defines one. How to do it: calendar How to do it: layout tables If you use tables for layout, add summary="" to each table. This is best accomplished with search-and-replace. Search for this: And replace it with this: <table summary="" « Step 19: Using real table headers \| Contents\| Step 21: Ignoring spacer images » This guide is adapted from Dive Into Accessibility by Mark Pilgrim and is shared with the GNU Free Documentation License v1.1
Hemochromatosis: Deadly Iron Disorder Hemochromatosis: Deadly Iron Disorder What is it? Hemochromatosis is a condition in which excess iron salt builds up in the body. Your body does need iron but excess of it is toxic. People who suffer from hemochromatosis absorb more iron than they need. Their body has no natural way to get rid of the extra iron. The excess iron gets stored in body tissues, especially in the liver, pancreas and heart. If extra iron is present in these organs it leads to organ damage. If left untreated, it can cause organ failure. How much iron should your body have? Ideally, three to four grams of iron should be present in the body. The total amount of iron present in the body is carefully maintained. Our body loses 1 mg of iron everyday from sweat and cells that are shed from the inner lining of the intestines and skin. Women too, lose one mg of iron daily on average due to menstruation. In healthy adults the intestines absorb one mg of iron everyday from food to replace the lost iron. When iron losses are greater, more iron gets absorbed from food. This is how our body maintains a healthy level of iron. Types of Hemochromatosis There are two types of hemochromatosis: Primary hemochromatosis and Secondary hemochromatosis. 1. Secondary hemochromatosis is usually caused by thalassemia, anemia, blood transfusions or liver disease. Frequent blood transfusions can result in Hemochromatosis. Thus, people getting blood treatments are at a greater risk of developing secondary Hemochromatosis. 2. The other form of this disease, Primary Hemochromatosis, is an inherited disease. Therefore, it is also known as hereditary hemochromatosis. What is hereditary hemochromatosis? Hereditary hemochromatosis is a genetic (inherited) disorder in which there is excessive accumulation of iron in the body (iron overload). Those affected with hereditary hemochromatosis may show no symptoms or signs (and have normal longevity). In some cases, they can show severe symptoms and signs of iron overload including; joint pains, sexual dysfunction, heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, diabetes, darkening of skin and fatigue. How is hemochromatosis treated? Hemochromatosis can be treated easily and successfully. The treatment is called Phlebotomy (pronounced “fle-bot-o-me”). In phlebotomy, blood is removed to lower the amount of iron in the body. It is quite similar to giving blood and is the most efficient way to treat the disease. If phlebotomy treatment is initiated before accumulation of too much iron in the body, it can prevent most of the serious problems of hemochromatosis. • If you have not suffered organ failure and get proper care, you can expect to live a normal life. • If your organs are already damages the treatment can stop additional damage. But it cannot reverse the existing damage to organs. • Even if you have developed serious health problems, treatment can treat many symptoms and improve your quality of life. 1. Saeyma Singhal says: Haemochromatosis has caused me to be diabetic, the iron stored in the liver and I had to have a liver ablation to destroy a tumour. 2. Jeannie Goodwin says: I have this disorder and am interested in information to keep me healthy. I have always been so proud of the fact that both my parents were 100% Irish descent. I never knew anyone in my family to have this disorder. Thank you. 3. Natalie Simmen says: Leave a Reply Loading Facebook Comments ...
Let’s explore some good questions to ask yourself to move through worry, so you can be at your best and enjoy your life in the present moment. Let’s begin by asking, what’s behind your worry? Where are you coming from when you’re doing that? For our purposes, we can describe worry as a mental behavior that is a reaction to anxiety and fear. Fear is a reaction to your perception that something is threatening, dangerous, or painful. Anxiety is an uneasiness about what might happen. So, worry is a response to anxiety and fear. It’s a mental action that makes you feel like you are more prepared for what might happen. Yet worry isn’t all that good a preparation for anything–is it? It tends to put you in a mental-emotional place of stress. Because of that, it keeps you from being relaxed, happy, present, and effective at what you are doing. So, instead of worrying, what’s a better strategy for dealing with anxiety and fear? To understand what could work better, let’s look at the positive function of anxiety and fear. These feelings arise to alert us that we may need to take action. They tell us that we might need to do something in anticipation of some challenge that is facing us. This “alert to action” function can be important. For example, anxiety and fear about an upcoming test can motivate you to study. Anxiety and fear when walking through a dark alley can keep you alert to protect yourself. Anxiety and fear about an upcoming work deadline can get you going on the work, spur you to gather resources and partners, and prepare you to do a great job. So, when fear and anxiety alert you to action you need to take right now, they can be very helpful. However, when, instead of getting busy, you worry, that stalls the positive action process. Worry puts you ahead of yourself, out in the future, in a negative way. It tends to limit the positive actions you take now. It makes you do things like repeated checking to make sure things are O.K., which cycles into more stress and less efficiency. You tend to imagine all sorts of “bad things” that haven’t actually happened yet and get locked into obsessing about them instead of doing what you need to do to really take care of a situation. So, what’s a more productive strategy to use when you start to feel anxious or afraid? First, pause what you are doing and take a few slow deep breaths. Feel the sensation of breathing inside your body. Each time you exhale, give a deep sigh and let go. See if you can relax a bit deeper with each out-breath. Once, you’ve taken the edge off your anxiousness, you’re ready for two important questions: 1. “Is there anything I need to be doing right now to prepare me for what I am afraid/anxious/worried about? Is there anything I can and need to do about that?” If the answer is “yes” you can then ask yourself, 2a. “What is the best, most precise, and effective action I can take?” Then, get busy doing that from a relaxed, proactive state of being. 2b. If the answer is “no,” you can enjoy your return to the present moment and get on with what is actually important for you to do right now. You can ask yourself “What is truly important for me to do right now? What is my top priority?” If this sounds too simple, I encourage you to give it a try. This little process is something that you can get better and better at with practice. One hint: The better you get at consciously relaxing yourself, the more accurate the answers you’ll receive to your questions. Enjoy your practice! – Kevin Schoeninger The Mind-Body Training Company P.P.S. This week in our Spiritual Growth Monthly Weekly Message, I share “4 Tips To Be A Powerful Communicator.” These tips align your body, heart, and mind and help you express yourself in a way that engages and attracts others. Click here to check out SGM!
Screen Shot 2017-08-10 at 10.45.46 AM Strength is the basis of life. To a large degree, how long and how well you live is based on how strong you are. Strength is primarily a neurological phenomenon and the single greatest tool for optimizing neuromuscular activation and performance is the barbell. Screen Shot 2017-08-10 at 10.37.57 AM The Center of the Foot: The Foundation of Strength A some point billions of years ago the force we know of as gravity developed out of the cosmos, and perhaps some millennia ago people figured out that the easiest to carrying things was with a straight pole across one’s back. About 150 years ago the presence of gravity, the efficiency of straight rod, and the rise of physical culture all converged in someone mind which led to the invention of the barbell, and man’s quest for strength has never been the same since. To develop a maximal or explosive neuromuscular firing pattern, we must be balanced. The Olympic barbell is the only object in existence which can have its force increased infinitely without its shape being changed (the shape of part the human interacts with during a lift). This cannot be said of any other training device or physical object. If we use a heavy stone for training, we can only increase the weight so much, until the size and shape of it becomes too large and cumbersome to balance. You might be able to produce the force needed to overcome the same KG as the stone, but as the shape of the thing puts you off balance, so not as many muscle units can work; hence, not as many neurons are fired. You can’t even move the rock, so at this point it becomes useless for training. On the other hand the physics of the barbell is truly a beautiful thing. In order for two physical objects to balance on each other their individual centers of mass must be perfectly aligned with each other against gravity. The bar part of the barbell allows us to keep the mass of all those KG (or pounds) on both ends over the point where we balance our mass: the center of our foot. With a bar it doesn’t matter whether you’re lifting 20 KG (45#) or 300KG (666#), you are always gripping the same thing with the same shape, a 28 millimetre (1.1 in). This explains why the two barbell sports, Weightlifting and Powerlifting became the sports of truly maximum Power and Force respectively. Screen Shot 2017-08-10 at 10.38.39 AM Dumbbells: Neurologically Dumb The barbell unites the body bilaterally into one total force-producing unit which also contributes to optimal balance. Dumbbells and other unilateral training tools are useful for some objectives in training, but the lack of balance in using them makes the neuromuscular activation suboptimal and hence less strength is developed. The unilateral isolation dumbbell exercises limits the amount of momentum that can be developed in comparison with barbell versions. This limitation of momentum is what makes dumbbells effective for swelling the belly of muscles, but it makes them poor tools for training high power and high force. Dumbbells actually got their name because most exercises with them are neurologically “dumb.” Machines: Good for Company Profits, Bad for Training Exercise Machines are really useless for strength because their movements are not three-dimensional, so it is impossible for their training effect to yield a useable strength gain. Any strength developed in 1 or 2 dimensions simply cannot transfer into strength in 3 dimensional movements. Our world is 3D and there is nowhere this is more apparent than the ring, the cage, the ice, the field, or the court. 3 Dimensional Training for 3 Dimensional Tasks Barbell exercises in which you can lock-out all the working joints under the barbells gravitational force are the only real means of strength training. Squats, Deadlifts, Presses, Cleans & Jerks, and Snatches are the most effective means of developing voluntary neuromuscular activation and progressively training it. These lifts allow a full compound movement with complete extension and lock-out of all the working muscles against the barbell’s perfect interface, which allows for maximum neural output. By altering the intensity (% maximum) used on the barbell exercises, we can precisely train different types of strength (maximum, explosive, starting, etc.) which is key for training the specific force time curve for your specific athletic task. These powerful full-body neuromuscular adaptations can be effectively transmuted into sport specific strength through sport practice and work with a good sport skill coach. Screen Shot 2017-08-10 at 10.39.17 AM These days commercial gyms are filled with all sorts of contraptions and gizmos which titillate the mind of the unfocused trainee, but for real strength and power initiates the tools will never change: the platform, the rack, the plates, and most importantly the bar. Merchants of exercise machines will tell you all sorts of pseudo-science to sell you on the newest fad equipment, but gravity isn’t changing and 3 dimensions really are 3-D. For our physicality to be complex our training equipment must be simple.
What Happens if You Deplete All of the Electrolytes in Your Body? Beverages with added electrolytes prevent depletion during vigorous exercise. Beverages with added electrolytes prevent depletion during vigorous exercise. You may not be aware that your body has electricity running through it. These electric charges maintain water balance and pH levels. They affect your muscle function and other processes, including those in your brain. The electric charges come from minerals known as electrolytes. The most common include sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, magnesium and phosphorous. If your electrolytes become completely depleted, your body cannot function, resulting in death. Causes of Low Electrolytes Electrolytes are found in your body fluids, so you lose some every day by sweating. Vomiting and diarrhea cause you to lose even more. Some medications such as diuretics can also drain electrolytes. Certain medical conditions including cancer, malabsorption disorders and chronic diarrhea put you at higher risk. Malnutrition may also result in low levels of electrolytes, but most people get plenty through their diet. Cell Swelling When your sodium levels get too low -- a condition known as hyponatremia -- water levels shift from the fluids outside your cells into your cells, causing your cells to swell with too much water. Your brain cells are especially sensitive if the condition comes on rapidly. You may become confused, irritable or experience headaches and possibly convulsions. Your muscles start to cramp and get weak. You may feel restless or nauseous and eventually vomit, worsening the problem. In extreme cases, hyponatremia can result in hallucinations, coma, brain herniation and death. Plunging Potassium Low levels of potassium result in a condition known as hypokalemia, which affects your nerves and muscles, including your heart. You might feel weak or tired, have trouble breathing or experience constipation, leg cramps and even paralysis. Severe hypokalemia causes you to have irregular heartbeats, which can be fatal. Low Magnesium Magnesium helps move sodium, potassium and calcium in and out of your cells, keeping your other electrolytes in balance. Low magnesium levels cause your potassium and calcium levels to drop. Symptoms of hypomagnesemia, or low magnesium, include abnormal eye movements, convulsions, fatigue, muscle spasms or cramps, muscle weakness and numbness. Severe hypomagnesemia results in cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest and death. Related Conditions Low levels of calcium, phosphorus and chloride have similar symptoms to the other electrolytes: cramps, fatigue, irritability, muscle weakness, irregular breathing and heart problems. Calcium and phosphorus work together to build strong bones, so you may experience bone pain if you lack these electrolytes. Preventing Electrolyte Loss To keep your electrolytes balanced, drink plenty of fluids when you exercise, especially if you are sweating a lot. Sports drinks with added electrolytes are helpful, as are salty snacks. If you take medications that cause you to lose electrolytes or have a medical condition that puts you at risk, talk to your health care provider about taking supplements to replenish your stores and meet your needs. About the Author Photo Credits • George Doyle/Stockbyte/Getty Images Suggest a Correction
get_real_line - Reads a line from a stream ignoring blanks and comments #include "l/l_io.h" Example compile flags (system dependent): long get_real_line FILE fp, char line, size_t max_len This routine is similar to fget_line() except that blank lines and comment lines are ignored. Comment lines are identified by having the kjb_comment_char in the first column. Normally kjb_comment_char is '#'; however this is normally exposed to the user as option. The routine also looks for the comment character in the first column, followed by !eof (e.g., #!eof), which acts like a soft end of file. In this case the routine returns EOF, but a subsequent call will return the next line. This is useful for laying out multiple data structures in a file, separating them by the soft end of file. Then routines for reading the sub-structures (e.g. read_matrix()) can be used in sequence for reading the sub-data structures. On success get_real_line() returns the number of bytes placed in the buffer, excluding the NULL. Alternate return values are all negative. In the case of end of file or soft end of file, EOF returned. If the line was truncated, then TRUNCATED is returned. Depending on the signal traps and options in place, INTERRUPTED is an additional possible return value. In the case of non-blocking reads WOULD_BLOCK is returned unless a complete line can be returned. ERROR is returned for unexpected problems and an error message is set. BUFF_GET_REAL_LINE(FILE fp, char line[]) The max_len parameter is set to sizeof(line) with the appropriate cast. Using sizeof to set the buffer size is recomended where applicable, as the code will not be broken if the buffer size changes. HOWEVER, neither this method, nor the macro, is applicable if line is NOT a character array. If line is declared by "char* line", then the size of line is the number of bytes in a character pointer (usually 4), which is NOT what is normally intended. You have been WARNED! Kobus Barnard Kobus Barnard set_program_prompt , kjb_query , print_blanks , rep_print , count_real_lines , count_data_lines_until_next_header , count_tokens_in_file , string_count_real_lines , string_get_real_line , get_command_text , add_line_to_input_stream , read_int_from_file , read_dbl_from_file , push_no_overwrite , pop_no_overwrite , set_no_overwrite , get_no_overwrite
Site Features Space History • Log In • Sign Up Useful Articles Support Department • FAQ System • Contact List • Suggestion Box Site Keywords Space History for July 19 Enter your email address here: Johannes Kepler inscribed a geometric solid construction of the universe, which was one of the mental steps he took in developing his laws of planetary motion. Born, Edward Charles Pickering, American astronomer, physicist (discovered the first spectroscopic binary stars with Carl Vogel) J. Palisa discovered asteroid #226 Weringia. K. Lohnert discovered asteroid #639 Latona. A meteorite with an estimated mass of 218 kg exploded over the town of Holbrook in Navajo County, Arizona, causing approximately 16,000 pieces of debris to rain down on the town. V. Albitzk discovered asteroid #1059 Mussorgskia. H. E. Wood discovered asteroid #1305 Pongola. Born, Roy Dubard Bridges Jr. (at Atlanta, Georgia, USA), Major General USAF, NASA astronaut (STS 51-F), Director Langley Research Center 2003-2005 Astronaut Roy D. Bridges Jr., NASA photo The first launch attempt from Cape Canaveral, Bumper No. 8, a German V-2 carrying a 320 kg Army-JPL Wac Corporal, was first scrubbed due to an aircraft emergency landing in the range; the second attempt had no lift when the main chamber did not ignite. 1962 10:53:00 GMT NASA and the USAF launched X-15A Heating rates, Drag Test mission # 63 in which John McKay reached a maximum speed of 5591 kph (Mach 5.18) and a maximum altitude of 25.984 km. 1963 18:20:00 GMT NASA and the USAF launched X-15A VO,UVP,IR,HS,Balloon Test/Technology/Ultraviolet Astronomy mission # 90 in which Joe Walker earned the first X-15 astronaut wings by the FAI definition (100+ km). NASA and the US Air Force launched the X-15A VO,UVP,IR,HS,Balloon Test/Technology/Ultraviolet Astronomy mission from (X-15 flight # 90) above Edwards Air Force Base in California on 19 July 1963, in which Joe Walker reached a maximum speed of 5969 kph (Mach 5.50), and a maximum altitude of 106.010 km, earning astronaut wings. An 80 cm diameter balloon was dragged on a 30 meter line during the flight to measure air density. This flight was the first X-15 astronaut wings flight by the FAI (Federation Aeronautique Internationale) definition (flight over the the Karman line at 100km altitude), and the fourth astronaut wings flight by the US Air Force definition - 50+ km altitude. It was also the first spaceflight of a spaceplane in aviation history. Mercury-Redstone (MR-4), with the manned Liberty Bell 7 capsule, was canceled within minutes of its launch because of adverse weather. During EVA Gemini 10-1, astronaut Michael Collins photographed the Earth and stars. 1967 14:19:00 GMT NASA launched the AIMP-E (Anchored Interplanetary Monitoring Platform, Explorer 35) Moon orbiting space physics mission. The Anchored Interplanetary Monitoring Platform Satellite, officially designated Explorer 35, was a spin-stabilized spacecraft instrumented for studies of the interplanetary plasma, magnetic field, energetic particles, and solar X rays at Lunar distances - studying the Earth's magnetic tail. Its spin axis direction was nearly perpendicular to the ecliptic plane, with a spin rate of 25.6 rpm. It was launched into an elliptical Lunar orbit on 19 July 1967, with primary objectives of investigating interplanetary plasma and the interplanetary magnetic field out to and at Lunar distances, in either a geocentric orbit or a captured Lunar orbit. In geocentric orbit, the apogee was near or beyond Lunar distance. In Lunar orbit, additional objectives included obtaining data on dust distribution, and the Lunar gravitational field, ionosphere, magnetic field, and radiation environment. AIMP-E also studied spatial and temporal relationships of geophysical and interplanetary phenomena simultaneously being studied by several other NASA satellites. The investigation in the vicinity of the Moon provided for measurements of the characteristics of the interplanetary dust distribution, solar and galactic cosmic rays, as well as a study of the magnetohydrodynamic wake of the Earth in the interplanetary medium at Lunar distances. Mission objectives were achieved. After successful operation for 6 years, the spacecraft was turned off on 24 June 1973. Explorer 35 during assembly and testing, NASA photo 1969 17:21:50 GMT NASA's Apollo 11 entered Lunar orbit through a retrograde firing of the main engine for 357.5 seconds while the spacecraft was behind the Moon and out of contact with Earth. B. Burnasheva discovered asteroid #2259 Sofievka. Felix Aguilar Observatory discovered asteroid #3118. 1974 12:21:00 GMT USSR Soyuz 14 landed within 2 km of its aim point 140 km SE of Dzkezkazgan. All objectives were successfully completed. Soyuz 14 was launched 3 July 1974 as a test of Salyut's engineering systems and energy supply. On 4 July, Soyuz 14 docked with the Salyut 3 space station after 15 revolutions of the Earth. The planned experimental program included manned military reconnaissance of the Earth's surface, assessing the fundamental value of such observations, and some supplemental medico-biological research. Soyuz 14 landed on 19 July 1974 following 15 days, 17 hours docked at Salyut 3. After the crew's return to Earth, research continued in development of the on-board systems and the principles of remote control of such a station. N. Chernykh discovered asteroid #2228 Soyuz-Apollo. 1983 15:21:00 GMT USSR launched Molniya 1-58 from Baikonur for operation of the long range telephone and telegraph radio communications system in the USSR, and transmission of USSR Central Television programs to stations in the Orbita network. US Vice President George H. W. Bush announced that New Hampshire teacher Christa McAuliffe would become the first public school teacher to ride aboard the Space Shuttle. 1985 13:05:08 GMT USSR launched Cosmos 1669 from Baikonur to the Salyut 7 orbital station, given a Cosmos designation instead of a Progress one because control was lost early in mission (although it was regained later). Cosmos 1669 was launched to the Salyut 7 orbital station on 19 July 1985. It was a Progress vehicle, but was given a Cosmos designation instead of Progress because control was lost early in the mission (but regained later). The flight carried fresh supplies and various cargoes to Salyut 7. On departure, it briefly undocked and redocked to verify reliability of the docking system. Cosmos 1669 docked with Salyut 7 on 21 Jul 1985 15:05:00 GMT, undocked on 28 Aug 1985 21:50:00 GMT, and was destroyed in reentry on 30 Aug 1985 01:20:00 GMT. Total free-flight time: 3.23 days. Total docked time: 38.28 days. During the 5h 28m EVA Mir EO-9-4, Mir cosmonauts Anatoly Artsebarsky and Sergei Krikalev began assembly of the Sofora girder. During the 3h 8m EVA Mir EO-19-2, Mir cosmonauts Anatoli Soloviyov and Nikolai Budarin retrieved the TREK detector. The cosmonauts did not accomplish all of their tasks and the EVA was shorter than planned because of suit problems. Died (cancer), Vladimir Vladimirovich Vasyutin (at Moscow, Russian Federation), USSR cosmonaut (Salyut 7 EO-4-2) We are going to run out of oil! Visit to help fix the problem. - For Human Survival Please help support our efforts by shopping from our sponsors. 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Q’s Blog The impact of trauma on the brain According to the American Psychological Association (APA), trauma is defined as the emotional response someone has to an extremely negative event. In short, trauma is a normal reaction to an abnormal situation and can interfere with an individual’s ability to live a normal life. Trauma is frequently associated with being physically present at the site of a traumatic experience, but it is also possible to experience trauma after hearing accounts of a traumatic event from survivors, watching videos, or news reports of a traumatic event. The effects of a traumatic event can last weeks, months or years because trauma changes the way our brain sees the world. Common symptoms of trauma include night terrors, edginess, irritability, poor concentration, mood swings, anger outbursts, panic attacks, difficulty concentrating, and depression. People who are experiencing a traumatic reaction often behave in ways that appear unpredictable, oppositional, volatile, or extreme. During a traumatic event, our brain analyzes the surroundings and goes into one of three survival modes: Fight, Flight or Freeze. The choice of going into one of these modes is as involuntary as the choice to make your heart beat. While in one of these survival modes, the brain will become fixated solely on survival above all else; meaning that it uses fear to activate your superpowers. These superpowers cause your heart to beat faster, bringing more oxygenated blood to your muscles, ensuring that you can run faster, jump higher, and lift more weight than you ever have. This increased blood flow also makes you hyper-aware of your surroundings; people often describe this as a feeling that time slows down. Disassociation, or mentally separating oneself from an experience, is a coping strategy that our brain can use to protect us during a traumatic event. Disassociation can lead to a perception that a person is detached from their body, floating above it or somewhere else in the room observing the action of their body without being emotionally able to participate in the experience. They may feel like they are in a dream or some alternate reality or as if the experience is simply happening to someone else. In some cases, memory loss can occur due to disassociation; leading to gaps in a person’s memory timeline. One of the common misunderstandings about trauma is that our brain can turn off “survival mode” the very moment that we are out of the mitigating experience. That is not true because our brain can remain in survival mode for weeks, months, or even years until it determines that we are experiencing safety consistently and therefore, no longer facing perceived threats. In order to experience safety, we must have all of our basic physiological needs met including eating regularly, sleeping soundly enough to rest our body, and generally feeling personal safety by limiting triggers. We also require our emotional needs to be met; feeling we are loved, cared for and needed. The last necessity is to experience moments where we are emotionally present in our bodies and experiencing joy. For many trauma survivors, the healing process is best summarized by this quote from Mary Anna Radmacher “Courage doesn’t always roar. Sometimes courage is the little voice at the end of the day that says I’ll try again tomorrow.” As a community, we must recognize their courage, appreciate their journey, help them when they struggle and celebrate their victories. The Importance of Play Last summer, the world was overwhelmed by the phenomena of Pokémon Go. For those of you unfamiliar, Pokémon Go is a free location-based cell phone game that invites users to collect digital monsters. It has become commonplace to witness multitudes of people walking around metropolitan areas and parks staring at their phones, while playing Pokémon Go. Then, reports began to pour in with people attributing physical and mental health benefits to playing the game. This raises the question of whether the game designers are secret life coaching geniuses or if these users are experiencing a placebo effect. The main advantages of Pokémon Go are magnificent in their simplicity, which is that the game is able to keep adults and children alike, engaged in the fundamental tasks of play. This simplicity leads people to open up to one another around a common interest and may cause them to interact more with others when they otherwise may not have. Everyone knows that play is important in childhood, because play is how children process and make sense of their world. Which begs the question, is play necessary in adulthood? In short Yes! What is play? Philosopher and author Bernard Suit describes play as “a voluntary attempt to overcome unnecessary obstacles.” The online Oxford dictionary defines play as “engage in activity for enjoyment and recreation rather than a serious or practical purpose.” I believe Jill Vailet best describes how to identify what play means in her 2012 Ted Talk; “Play is like pornography. You know it when you see it.” Why should we play? Play can change how we engage in an experience and how easily we are able to engage with other people. The benefits of play as an adult include relief of stress, increased creativity, feelings of well-being, problem solving, and a sense of connections with others in the world around us. In terms of stress relief, play is fun and triggers our body to release endorphins, the body’s natural feel-good chemicals. Endorphins encourage an overall sense of comfort and have also been known to temporarily relieve pain. Play assists with the developing and improving social skills. As adults, we continually refine verbal communication, body language, boundaries, cooperation, and teamwork skills through play and playful communication. Play also allows adults to break down barriers and improve relationships with others. There are many adults that utilize games, such as, Words with Friends, Mario Run Ruzzle, Candy Crush, 2048, and Two Dots to maintain loose daily social contacts with friends. Play can heal emotional wounds. As adults, playing together, engages us in the same patterns of behavior that shape our brains as children. If an emotionally-insecure individual plays with a secure partner, for example, it can help replace negative beliefs and behaviors with positive assumptions and actions. How to play? You can play on your own, with a pet, but for the greater benefits, play should involve at least one other person. You can play puzzles, word games, trivia, card games, board games, or any other kind of game that encourages social engagement. There are also games, such as Superbetter, which are designed to help achieve reduction in depression, anxiety and with weight loss by helping to gather a support system and creating small measurable quests leading to your success in your mission. The most import thing is just to try and make sure you follow your joy. Self-care 101 What is Self-Care? According to the University of Buffalo’s School of Social Work, “self-care is an essential skill. Self-care refers to activities and practices that we can engage in on a regular basis to reduce stress and maintain and enhance our short- and longer-term health and well-being. Self-care is necessary for your effectiveness and success in honoring your professional and personal commitment.” I like to think of self-care as the act of placing your emergency oxygen mask on first in order to have the capacity to help others. Self-care should include being honest about your needs; asking for help and being emotionally open. How do you practice self-care? The most important aspect of practicing self-care is identifying and managing your basic needs. This sounds easy; however, many people find that they forget to eat or have difficulty sleeping during periods of stress. Next, start by checking in with yourself. The best way to care for yourself is to implement tiny self-care habits every day; regularly including in your life small moments of love, nurturing and attention for your own body and mind. Self-care acts looks different to different people. For some it is the Parks and Recreation “Treat yo self” philosophy or catchphrase. Two of the main characters on the show celebrate the idea that at least once a year, you should take a day to indulge in some luxuries and love yourself. For others, it is unplugging and staying off of social media when the news causes jealousy, sadness, or becomes overwhelming. Either way, it is the constant repetition of many tiny habits, which together soothe you. In order to help jump start your self-care journey, I have provided a list of small self-care activities. 20 Little Self-Care Ideas 1. Take a bath or long shower. 2. Fix a small annoyance; a door that squeaks or a phone charger that only works at a certain angle. 3. Help someone/volunteer. 4. Pet a dog, cat or any available domesticated animal. 5. Date yourself. Spend time alone doing something that recharges you or brings you joy. 6. Watch the sky- stargaze or cloud watch. 7. Create a joyful deliberate habit such as singing in the shower. 8. Do a mini-declutter-organize that junk drawer. 9. Listen to your favorite song, album or Pandora station. 10. Unplug for an hour. Turn off all of the electronics. 11. Edit your social media feeds, and hide or unfollow any negative people. 12. Have a dance party alone or with willing participants. 13. Take a nap. 14. Give your body a treat. A massage, manicure or pedicure. 15. Go for a walk or run. 16. Say no. Avoid logistically and emotionally over committing yourself 17. Prepare your favorite snack or meal. 18. Paint, draw, or craft. 19. Meditate or pray. 20. Play a game you enjoyed during your childhood. – Lucille Ball David and Goliath Like most of you I, was devastated after the results of the election because it felt as though the majority of the country voted to spread hatred. I felt angry and stifled because as a member of many minority communities it felt like I was being forced to assume the role of underdog; a role that is assumed to be less than. As I was thinking about the plight of the underdog, I remembered this quote from one of my favorite authors: Malcolm Gladwell wrote a book all about the role of the underdog called David and Goliath. In the book he examines what happens when normal people challenge influential opponents, including mighty warriors, armies, misfortune, oppression, and disability. Through many stories Gladwell presents the idea that much of what we believe to be valuable during these great battles is insignificant because “the act of facing overwhelming odds produces greatness and beauty.” Gladwell illustrates this by challenging the role David plays in the story of David and Goliath. For those who are not familiar, the story of David and Goliath is a biblical story of a gigantic and mighty warrior being defeated by a young shepherd boy. Gladwell challenges this idea by explaining that though David was no match for Goliath in traditional hand to hand combat; he was able to succeed because he knew when to employ the talents and skills he had learned guarding his sheep. As we face an uncertain future, it is more important than ever that we understand our natural gifts and strengths and spend time nurturing those skills. We must also remember our strengths as a community have always included our sense of unity through diversity, individual intelligence, creativity, courage, movement, endurance, our ability to unite, share hope and our determination to continue to try harder. As with all minorities in this society, we have been strengthened by decades of strife and are better and more capable because of it. Fear- the ultimate superpower When I was eight, I earned the privilege of watching a movie alone in my room; I chose Ernest Scared Stupid. The beginning of the movie was filled with the funny, silly humor I loved the Ernest franchise for. However, by the middle of the movie, things had taken a turn for the worst; the trolls were winning and Ernest’s sidekick had been turned into a small wood figurine. Worst yet, Ernest had no idea how to fix it. I was hiding under my blankets completely terrified with my heart pounding and unable to catch my breath. As the movie continued, it felt like it was taking hours for Ernest to figure out how to stop the trolls, though I knew it couldn’t have taken that long because my mom never would have let me stay up past 9pm. Eventually, Ernest saved the day and turned his friend back into a real human, which meant all was right in the world. That was until I got out of bed to use the bathroom and remembered I had a collection of 20-30 troll dolls, which thanks to the movie, I was now afraid would come to life and try to turn me into a wooden figurine. This was the first time in my life that I realized that something seemingly normal could turn into something scary. Since the Pulse massacre, many people have experienced this feeling; atmospheres where they once found solace, now elicit feelings of worry and fear, such as, going out with friends. Many of my client’s tell me that they feel like “fear is winning.” So what is fear? Fear is also the most crippling of emotions because it is seated in our natural instinct to protect ourselves and those we care about from perceived harm. Generally speaking, our fears fall into two categories: Innate fears and learned fears. Innate fears are fears we are born with, primarily the fear of falling and the fear of loud sounds. Learned fears are fears which are usually developed at a young age and are often influenced by our environment and culture. Most fears fall into the category of learned fears, for example, evil enchanted troll dolls. I am a Whovian, which means that I am a fan of the BBC TV show Doctor Who. There are many reasons I love the show, but one of the main reasons is that the hero is a humanoid alien, who above all else, believes that that the human race is intrinsically good. Because of that belief he often questions beliefs about human nature, which provided the best description of fear I have ever come across: “Let me tell you about scared. Your heart is beating so hard I can feel it through your hands. There’s so much blood and oxygen pumping through your brain, it’s like rocket fuel. Right now you could run faster and you could fight harder. You could jump higher than ever in your life. And you are so alert it’s like you can slow down time. What’s wrong with scared? Scared is a superpower. It’s your superpower. There is danger in this room and guess what? It’s you. Do you feel it?” For me, this description of fear serves as a reminder that in the moments, when we feel most weak or vulnerable, we are also strong because we are accessing the greatness within ourselves. Fear is not our adversary; it is simply, one of the means by which we activate our superpowers. Thinking about fear in terms of it’s function helps us to feel less out of control of our bodies and our minds. I wish I could go back in time and explain this to my 8 year old self, because it would have eliminated the thought that I was broken because something I loved had literally become the thing nightmares are made of. Lucky for me, this particular fear was short-lived and approximately a month later, I was back in troll heaven. How to Grieve Correctly Trauma and loss collided for many in the community as this episode of mass violence unleashing a wave of public emotions ranging from common emotions like anger and sadness; to feelings of numbness, which are often associated with shock and trauma. In the weeks that have followed the Pulse massacre, we have been continually reminded of the fragility of life and as a community, have entered into a collective process of grief. Collective grief or mass grief is distinct because it stems from a shared circumstance, yet, the experience is completely unique and individualized for each person. As we learned of the 49 innocent lives taken from our community, the process of public mourning began. It quickly began taking the form of 24-hour TV coverage, blood donation lines that wrapped around blocks, the candlelight vigils, the public memorial services, the placement of rainbow flags throughout the community, monetary donations and hashtags spread through social media; all which fostered social connection among people who vitally needed it and helped move the community towards healing. During collective grief process we experience the emotional and physical symptoms of grief without necessarily having shared a close personal relationship with the deceased. Regardless of our level of connection to the deceased, we are commanded by our hearts and the physical manifestations of grief to remain present and experience the pain associated with the loss in our community. This process is further complicated because our natural human instinct to empathize and reach for connection also makes us hyperaware of our own mortality and the mortality of our loved ones. This hyperawareness, coupled with the violence surrounding the events of the pulse massacre and the news of other recent acts of violence has evoked a secondary traumatic response for many. In the weeks since Pulse, I have heard many people expressing their struggle with the idea that that they are not in the right place in their grief process, questioning; what grief is, how they should go about grieving and frequently asking themselves, “Am I grieving correctly?” Then one day, I was reading through my social media feeds and came across a quote from Patton Oswalt, which I believe perfectly described the confusion, longing and loss experienced early in the grief process: “102 days at the mercy of grief and loss feels like 102 years and you have shit to show for it. You will not be physically healthier. You will not feel ‘wiser.’ You will not have ‘closure.’ You will not have ‘perspective’ or ‘resilience’ or ‘a new sense of self.’ You WILL have solid knowledge of fear, exhaustion and a new appreciation for the randomness and horror of the universe.” I think it is important for us to accept that grief is a very individualized and personal experience, which happens gradually and should not be hurried. In the wake of Pulse, we must have grace and accept that in order to heal we must be present in our emotions and be patient and kind with ourselves and each other.
The Rifle Short Answer Test Questions Buy The Rifle Lesson Plans 1. Who trained Cornish McManus? 2. Who built the rifle discussed in the novel? 3. John Waynewright spends most of his time studying what aspect of rifle construction? 4. What does rifling do for a rifle? 5. According to the novel, what does a faster rate of spin do for a projectile? 6. During the Revolutionary war period, rifles that were very accurate were described by what adjective? 7. During the Revolutionary war period a typical rifle was accurate at what distance? (read all 180 Short Answer Questions and Answers) This section contains 4,904 words (approx. 17 pages at 300 words per page) Buy The Rifle Lesson Plans Follow Us on Facebook
Time series models, Mathematics Time Series Models Additive Model Time series value = T +S +C +R Whereas S, C and R are expressed in absolute value Additive Model model is best suited where the component factors are independent for example where the seasonal variation is unaffected by trend. Multiplicative Model: Time series value = T × S× C × R Whereas S, C and are expressed as proportions or percentage Multiplicative model is best applied where characteristics interact for example where high trends increase seasonal variations. Multiplicative model is more generally used in practice. Of the four elements of time series the most significant are trend and seasonal variation. The given demonstration shows how the trend (T) and seasonal variation (S) are separated out from a time series and how the computed T and S values are used to prepare forecast. The process of separating out the trend and seasonal variation is termed as deseasonalizing the data. There are two approaches to such process: one is based on regression by the actual data points and the other calculates the regression line by moving average trend points. The method by using the actual data is verified first followed by the moving average method. Posted Date: 2/16/2013 7:44:19 AM \| Location : United States Related Discussions:- Time series models, Assignment Help, Ask Question on Time series models, Get Answer, Expert's Help, Time series models Discussions Write discussion on Time series models Your posts are moderated Related Questions Describe differance between Mean vs. Mode ? Every set of numbers or data has a mean and a mode value. The mean is the average value of all the numbers in the set. The mode is t advantages oh north west corner rule Find the greatest number of 6 digits exactly divisible by 24, 15 and 36. (Ans:999720) Ans: LCM of 24, 15, 36 LCM = 3 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 360 Now, the greatest six digit Example of addition of Signed Numbers: Example: (-2) + 3 + 4 = 0 - 2 + 3 + 4 Solution: Thus: (-2) + 3 + 4 = 5 Example: 10 + (-5) + 8 + (-7) Josephine is constructing an open box by cutting the squares off the corners of a sheet of paper sized 20cm by 16cm. She is considering options of 3cm, 4cm and 5cm squares in order We are until now going to suppose that there will be no external forces acting on the system, along with the exception of damping obviously. Under this case the differential equati COMMUNICATING THE MEANING OF ADDITION : One of the characters in a novel written by the Malayalam writer Vaikom Muhammed Basheer was asked by his teacher, "How much is one and on
II. Pathophysiology 1. Ulnar collateral ligament rupture from forced abduction 2. Occurs at first metacarpophalangeal joint (thumb base) 1. Skier falls with pole strap wrapped at wrist 2. Pole strap levers thumb into abduction and extension 3. Radial collateral ligament tear may also occur instead 1. Not common III. Anatomy: Ulnar collateral ligament 1. Proper ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) 1. Attaches dorsal First Metacarpal head to ulnar base of proximal phalanx 2. Accessory ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) 1. Attaches volar First Metacarpal head to ulnar base of proximal phalanx IV. Signs 1. Pain at medial base of thumb (ulnar aspect) 2. Test active and passive thumb abduction 3. Assess thumb metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP) laxity 1. Compare with uninjured side 2. Apply valgus stress at MCP joint (radially deviating the thumb) in each of 2 positions 1. Test proper UCL with thumb flexed to 30 degrees at MCP joint 2. Test accessory UCL with thumb in extension at MCP joint 4. Assess for Stener Lesion 1. Proximal UCL trapped outside adductor aponeurosis 2. Presents as tender mass at UCL, and joint instability 3. Requires surgery V. Grading: Compare to uninjured side 1. Grade 1 sprain: No laxity 2. Grade 2 sprain: Increased laxity, but firm endpoint 3. Grade 3 sprain 1. Increased laxity with no firm endpoint 2. Joint opening usually >35 degrees VI. Imaging: Hand XRay 1. Evaluate for Fracture VII. Management 1. Indications for Surgical Repair: Unstable thumb 1. No endpoint in abduction of thumb 2. Initial: Splinting for 6 weeks 1. Molded plastic thumb lock immobilizer or 2. Thumb Spica Cast or splint 3. Later: Dynamic Splinting for additional 6 weeks 1. Indicated for athletes - splint during sports only 2. Use one of splints above or taping 3. Dorsal Taping (0.5 inch tape) 1. Apply anchor strips at wrist and over distal thumb 2. Start tape at anchor strip at wrist 1. Apply over web space between thumb and index 2. Attach at distal anchor strip on thumb 3. Build upwards with consecutive tapes 4. Return to sports 1. May participate if splinted and no pain or reinjury VIII. Orthopedic Referral Indications 1. Associated Fracture present (esp. displaced Fracture) 2. Grade 3 sprain (see above) 3. Stener Lesion IX. Complications 1. Unstable MCP joint with weak pincher grasp Images: Related links to external sites (from Bing) Related Studies (from Trip Database) Open in New Window
Triparound travel community Holidays in Croatia Understanding Croatia Northern Croatia has a temperate continental climate whereas the central and upland regions have a mountainous climate The entire Adriatic coast has a pleasant Mediterranean climate Spring and autumn are mild along the coast, while winter is cold and snowy in central and northern regions The average temperature inland in January ranges from -10 to 5°C, August 19 to 39°C The average temperature at the seaside is higher: January 6 to 11°C, August 21 to 39°C Geographically diverse; flat agricultural plains along the Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near the Adriatic coastline and islands There are 1,246 islands; the largest ones are Krk and Cres The highest point is Dinara, at 1,830 m The Croats settled in the Balkans in the early 7th century and formed two principalities: Dalmatia and Pannonia The establishment of the Trpimirović dynasty ca 850 brought strengthening to the Dalmatian Croat Duchy, which together with the Pannonian principality became a kingdom in 925 under King Tomislav In 1102, Croatia entered into a personal union with the Hungarian Kingdom After the 1526 Battle of Mohács the "reliquiae reliquiarum" remnants of the remnants of Croatia became a part of the Habsburg Monarchy in 1527 Croatian lands were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the latter's dissolution at the end of World War I In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia Following World War II, Yugoslavia became an independent communist state under the strong hand of Marshal Tito When Croatia declared independence in 1991 it took four years of sporadic but bloody war before Yugoslav army left Croatia Under UN supervision the last Serb-held enclave in eastern Slavonia was returned to Croatia in 1998 The conflict resulted in a mass exodus of the native Serbian minority to Bosnia and Serbia which had inhabited portions of Croatia for centuries Prior to the war of independence, Croatia's Serbian minority made up around 11% of the overall population Visitors now to Croatia's more popular towns would see little physical evidence of this violence Croatia's coastal areas are especially stunning, and have the hybrid charm of Eastern European and the Mediterranean Talking in Croatia Many Croatians speak English as their second language, but German and Italian are very popular too largely because of the large annual influx of German and Italian tourists People in the tourist industry most often speak English quite well, as do the younger generation, especially in the tourist areas of Istria, along the coast down to Dubrovnik, and in the capital, Zagreb Elder people will rarely speak English, but you shouldn't have any problems if you switch to German or Italian If you know Polish or Czech, you can try it as well, as Polish, Czech and Croatian are partially mutually intelligible but some words are very different and in many places, Croatian people are used to large number of Polish and Czech tourists What to do in Croatia Cultural heritage Croatia has an impressive history, a fact that is best explained through the vast array of sites worth visiting Most towns have an historical center with its typical architecture There are differences between the coast and the continental part, so both areas are a must The most famous is Dubrovnik, a prime example of the coastal architecture, but by no means the only one worth visiting Equally important is the capital and largest city, Zagreb, with a population of about 1 million It is a modern city with all the modern features, yet it has a laid back feel In the east, in the region of Slavonija with it's regional capital Osijek and the war torn Vukovar are awe inspiring Scattered throughout the region are vineyards and wine cellars, most of which give tours and tastings Sailing is a good way to see the coastal islands and networks of small archipelagos Most charters leave from Split or the surrounding area on the North or the South circuit, each offering its own pros and cons A good way is to book a package with a company at home, but many Croatian companies also offer both bareboat and crewed charters Booking of a charter vessel is basically done in two parts Fifty percent of the charter price is paid right away, after which the booking is confirmed The other fifty percent of the charter fee is usually paid four weeks before the charter date Before the first payment of the charter fee you should request to see the charter contract from the agency where you chartered a boat Pay close attention to cancellation fees because many times if you cancel your charter vacation you could lose the initial fifty percent you already payed when you booked a charter so take a close look at that in the charter contract After that you are set for a sailing vacation When you arrive to marina where your chartered yacht is situated you need to do the check in usually Saturday around 04:00 PM and you have to do the shopping for the charter vacation Don't neglect the groceries shopping because the sea is unpredictable and you don't want to get stuck on the boat without anything to eat or drink You can do the shopping in a marina although the prices are much higher there or you can order from yacht provisioning services who usually deliver the products to your chartered yacht at no extra fee This is convenient because it takes the load of you and the things you must do when you arrive at the marina for your sailing holiday Naturist resorts Croatia was the first country in Europe to start with the concept of commercial naturist resorts According to some estimates about 15% of all tourists that visit the country are naturists or nudists more than one million each year There are more than 20 official naturist resorts as well as a very large number of the so-called free beaches which are unofficial naturist beaches, sometimes controlled and maintained by local tourist authorities In fact, you are likely to find nudists on any beach outside of town centers Naturist beaches in Croatia are marked as "FKK" The most popular nudist destinations are Pula, Hvar and island Rab Health tourism Increasingly Croatia is becoming a popular place for health tourism A number of dental surgeries have experience in treating short term visitors to Croatia Croatian dentists study for 5 years in Zagreb or Rijeka Harmonization of training with EU standards has begun, in preparation for Croatia's accession One of Croatia's more "wild" holiday offers are the lighthouses Most of them are situated on a deserted coastline or in the open sea The specialty of this is that you are able to cut yourself off from the rest of the world and take the time to "smell the roses" Sometimes the best way to relax is to take part in a Robinson Crusoe style holiday Croatia has 11 rent-a-lighthouses along the Adriatic coast: Savudrija, Sv Ivan, Rt Zub, Porer, Veli Rat, Prisnjak, Sv Petar, Plocica, Susac, Struga and Palagruza Buying stuff in Croatia Croatia's official currency is the kuna Although many tourist business owners may accept euros, Euros are not legal tender in Croatia Any amount of kuna you have left at the end of your stay can be converted to euros at a local bank or exchange office Prices are around 10% to 20% lower than most EU countries Touristic destinations and articles are much more expensive ATMs in Croatian bankomat are readily available throughout Croatia They will accept various European bank cards, credit cards Diners Club, Eurocard/Mastercard, Visa, American Express etc and debit cards Cirrus, Maestro, Visa electron etc Read the labels/notices on the machine before using Tax-free shopping If you buy goods worth more than 500 kuna you are entitled to a PDV VAT tax return when leaving the country Note that this applies to all goods except petroleum products At point of purchase ask the sales person for a PDV-P form Fill it out and have it stamped on the spot On leaving Croatia the receipt will be verified by the Croatian Customs service A PDV refund in Kunas can be obtained within six months, either at the same shop where you bought the goods in that case the tax will be refunded to you immediately, or by posting the verified receipt back to the shop, together with the account number into which the refund should be paid In this case the refund is dealt with within 15 days of receipt of the claim There is another, much easier way to receive the refund Buy your goods in shops with a "CROATIA TAX-FREE SHOPPING" label This label is displayed on the shop's entrance, usually next to the labels of credit and debit cards this particular shop accepts Using an international coupon, refund is possible in all countries-members of the TAX-FREE international chain In this case the service charge is deducted from the tax refund amount Food and eating in Croatia Croatian cuisine is quite diverse so it is hard to say what meal is most typically Croatian In the eastern continental regions Slavonija and Baranja spicy sausage such as kulen or kulenova seka is a must-try Čobanac "shepherd's stew" is a mixture of several different kinds of meat with a lot of red spicy paprika In Hrvatsko Zagorje and Central Croatia pasta filled with cheese called štrukli is a famous delicacy it is said that the best štrukli in Croatia is served in the Esplanade Hotel restaurant in Zagreb, as is purica s mlincima baked turkey with a special kind of pastry Sir i vrhnje sour cream with cottage cheese can be bought fresh on the Zagreb main market Dolac Croats love a bit of oil and you will find plenty of it in piroška In mountainous regions of Lika and Gorski Kotar meals made of mushrooms, wild berries and wild meat are very popular One of typical dishes in Lika is police oven-baked potatoes covered with bacon and several kinds of cheese smoked cheese and škripavac The coastal region is well known for truffle delicacies and soup maneštra od bobić Istria, Dalmatian pršut and paški sir Pag-island cheese Dishes made of fresh fish and other products of the sea calamari, octopus, crabs, scampi shouldn't be given a miss! Many places serve fish delivered from the local fisherman the night before - find out which ones! Croatian cuisine has yet to come up with a Croatian fast food representative The market is dominated by globally ubiquitous hamburgers and pizzas but you will also find "burek" and "ćevapčići" imported from the medieval Ottoman empire which stretched from Turkey to neighboring Bosnia The latter two dishes are widely popular in the entire South and Eastern Europe Burek is a type of cheese-pastry whereas ćevapčići are seasoned minced meat shaped in finger-size portions served in bread and often covered with onions Although definitely not a fast meal takes several hours to prepare also foreign in origin is the so-called sarma or sauerkraut rolls filled with minced meat and rice For those coming back from nightclubs at 4 or 5AM as is common in Croatia, it is popular to go to the local bakery and get fresh bread, burek or krafne croatian chocolate filled donuts straight out of the oven Delicious! As far as fast food goes, who needs it when you can buy delicious prsut during the day and warm bread at night to compliment it Most Croatians generally look down at fast food Desserts: What it lacks in the fast food department Croatia makes up with a myriad of desserts Probably the most famous is its delicious creamy cake called kremšnite but different kinds of gibanica, štrudla and pita similar to strudel and pie such as orehnjača walnut, makovnjača poppy or bučnica pumpkin and cheese are also highly recommended Dubrovačka torta od skorupa is delicious but hard to find Paprenjaci pepper cookies are said to reflect the Croatian tumultuous history because they combine the harshness of the war periods pepper with the natural beauties honey They can be bought in most souvenir shops though fresh-made are always a better choice Rapska torta The Rab island cake is made with almonds and locally famous cherry liquor Maraschino It should be noted that this is hardly an exhaustive list and even a casual glimpse in any Croatian cookbook is likely to be worth the effort Chocolate candy "Bajadera" is available throughout shops in the country and along with "Griotte" is one of the most famous products of the Croatian chocolate industry An unavoidable ingredient in many meals prepared in Croatia is "Vegeta" It is a spice produced by "Podravka" Olives: a lot of people claim that Croatian olives and their olive oil are the best in the world, which is not even well known in Croatia and less worldwide Many brands exist and some of them have several world awards Try to buy olive oil from Istra although oil from Dalmatia is also excellent and choose only Croatian brands for olives most notable sms, few times awarded as the world's best! Try to read the declaration before buying to ensure you are buying Croatian olives and oil, since there are a lot of imports usually cheap products from Greece All of this can be found in most of the supermarkets, but you should be really aware of the imports, most of the Croatian people aren't experts and prefer cheaper products, so they dominate The olive oil is a irreaplaceable "ingredient" in the coastal cuisine, but you should be aware of the use of cheaper, not Croatian, oil in restaurants because most of the tourists don't notice the difference so the restaurants don't find it profitable to use excellent oil; they rather use cheaper Spanish or Greek Usually, asking the waiter for a better oil and looking like an expert helps, and soon he gets you a first-class oil from a hidden place Drinking in Croatia Alcoholic: Try many different kinds of wines Also worth trying is rakija, a type of brandy which can be made of plum šljivovica, grapes loza, figs smokovača and many other types of fruit and aromatic herbs Pelinkovac is a bitter herbal liquor popular in Central Croatia, but is said to resemble cough-medicine in flavor Famous Maraschino, a liquer flavored with Marasca cherries, which are grown around Zadar, Dalmatia Non-alcoholic: Sometimes although very rarely you may find "sok od bazge" elderflower juice in the continental region Worth trying! On a more general note, Croatia produces a broad palette of high quality wines up to 700 wines with protected geographic origin and brandies, fruit juices, beers and mineral water On the coast people usually serve "bevanda" with meals Bevanda is heavy, richly flavored red wine mixed with plain water Its counter-part in northern parts of Croatia is "gemisht" This term designates dry, flavored wines mixed with mineral water Two most popular beers are "Karlovačko" and "Ožujsko", but "Velebitsko" and "Tomislav pivo" have received a semi-cult status in the recent years It is served only in some places in Zagreb and Croatia Accommodation in Croatia In Croatia there are 4 major types of accommodation: • Apartments • Small private hotels • Five-star luxury hotels Working in Croatia Croatia is the destination of many worldwide volunteer organizations that send groups of volunteers throughout the year to help with agriculture, community development, education, animal welfare, and more These programs are put together by nonprofits, community groups and volunteers to help locals improve their economy and way of life With rich cultural history and stunning coastline, Croatia is truly is the jewel of eastern Europe If you would like to travel to Croatia as a volunteer, visit these websites for volunteer programs, accommodations, travel dates, and tours • Essential Croatia 44 • ISV Croatia 45 • Volunteers Centre Zagreb 46 Cities in Croatia beli manastir biograd na moru bjelovar buje cakovec dubrovnik gospic gracac karlovac knin koprivnica korcula krapina krizevci krk kutina makarska metkovic nasice nova gradiska novska ogulin omis opatija osijek pag petrinja porec pozega pula rab rijeka rovinj senj sesvete sibenik sinj sisak slatina slavonski brod solin split trogir varazdin velika gorica vinkovci virovitica vukovar zadar zagreb zapresic zupanja What do you think about Croatia? How expensive is Croatia? (1 HRK = 0 USD) Meal in inexpensive restaurant44.1 HRK 3-course meal in restaurant (for 2)220.2 HRK McDonalds meal38.54 HRK Local beer (0.5 draft)11.83 HRK Foreign beer (0.33 bottle) 14.25 HRK Cappuccino9.35 HRK Pepsi/Coke (0.33 bottle)13.41 HRK Water (0.33 bottle)9.47 HRK Milk (1l)6.78 HRK Fresh bread (500g)6.94 HRK White Rice (1kg)9.58 HRK Eggs (12) 16.97 HRK Local Cheese (1kg) 52.69 HRK Chicken Breast (1kg) 48.31 HRK Apples (1kg) 8.76 HRK Oranges (1kg) 9.03 HRK Tomato (1kg) 10.57 HRK Potato (1kg) 5.32 HRK Lettuce (1 head) 5.07 HRK Water (1.5l)5.76 HRK Bottle of Wine (Mid-Range) 38.75 HRK Domestic Beer (0.5 bottle)7.71 HRK Foreign beer (0.33 bottle) 10.33 HRK Cigarettes27.6 HRK One way local bus ticket11.04 HRK Monthly pass for bus342.55 HRK Taxi start13.95 HRK Taxi 1km4.6 HRK Taxi 1hour waiting44.08 HRK Gasoline (1 liter) 9.85 HRK Tennis Court Rent (1 Hour on Weekend) 55.57 HRK, your travel companion Where to start?
For Women Facing a Breast Biopsy Mary's doctor calls to give her the results of her mammogram. The doctor says, "It's not normal, and I think we need to biopsy the area in question." Mary's first thought is, "Could this be breast cancer?" When she asks, the doctor explains that a biopsy (taking out and testing tissue from the suspicious area of the breast) is the only way to find out. Another woman, Peg, just found a lump in her breast. She knows that the lump wasn't there last month. Her first thought: "I probably should see the doctor about this, but I'm sure it isn't cancer." Women react in different ways when they learn that something may be wrong with their breasts. Whatever their feelings and thoughts, at some point most women want to know more about what is happening. What is Ultrasound-Guided Breast Biopsy? What are some common uses of the procedure? • a suspicious solid mass • a distortion in the structure of the breast tissue • an area of abnormal tissue change Ultrasound guidance is used in four biopsy procedures: • vacuum-assisted device (VAD) uses a vacuum powered instrument to collect multiple tissue samples during one needle insertion. How should I prepare? You may be asked to wear a gown during the procedure. Also, inform your doctor about recent illnesses or other medical conditions. You may want to have a relative or friend accompany you and drive you home afterward. This is recommended if you have been sedated. What does the equipment look like? How is the procedure performed? Breast biopsies are usually done on an outpatient basis. You will be positioned lying face up on the examination table or turned slightly to the side. A local anesthetic will be injected into the breast to numb it. Pressing the transducer to the breast, the sonographer or radiologist will locate the lesion. A very small nick is made in the skin at the site where the biopsy needle is to be inserted. The radiologist, constantly monitoring the lesion site with the ultrasound probe, will insert the needle and advance it directly into the mass. Tissue samples are then removed using one of three methods: Without withdrawing and reinserting the needle, it rotates positions and collects additional samples. Typically, eight to 10 samples of tissue are collected from around the lesion. After this sampling, the needle will be removed. If a surgical biopsy is being performed, a wire is inserted into the suspicious area as a guide for the surgeon. A mammogram may be performed to confirm that the marker is in the proper position. This procedure is usually completed within an hour. What will I experience during and after the procedure? Who interprets the results and how do I get them? What are the limitation of Ultrasound-Guided Breast Biopsy? Ultrasound imaging uses no ionizing radiation. Ultrasound-guided breast biopsy reliably provides tissue samples that can show whether a breast lump is benign or malignant. Compared with stereotactic breast biopsy (www.RadiologyInfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=breastbixr), the ultrasound method is faster and avoids the need for ionizing radiation exposure. With ultrasound it is possible to follow the motion of the biopsy needle as it moves through the breast tissue. Ultrasound-guided breast biopsy is able to evaluate lumps under the arm or near the chest wall, which are hard to reach with stereotactic biopsy. Ultrasound-guided biopsy is less expensive than stereotactic biopsy. Because the vacuum-assisted device removes slightly larger pieces of tissue than other types of needles, there is a risk of bleeding and forming a hematoma, or a collection of blood at the biopsy site. The risk, however, appears to be less than one percent of patients. What are the limitations of Ultrasound-Guided Breast Biopsy? The ultrasound-guided biopsy method cannot be used unless the lesion can be seen on an ultrasound exam. Clustered calcifications are not shown as clearly with ultrasound as with x-rays. Very small lesions may be difficult to target accurately by ultrasound-guided core biopsy. Share by:
A variable is a symbolic name for a value that can be changed. They are often used in math and programming. Both mathematicians and programmers also use constants, which are somewhat related to variables. Va"riable (?), a. [L. variabilis: cf. F. variable.] Lest that thy love prove likewise variable. Shak. His heart, I know, how variable and vain! Milton. Variable exhaust Steam Eng., a blast pipe with an adjustable opening. -- Variable quantity Math., a variable. -- Variable stars Astron., fixed stars which vary in their brightness, usually in more or less uniform periods. <-- variable-rate mortgage --> Syn. -- Changeable; mutable; fickle; wavering; unsteady; versatile; inconstant. © Webster 1913. Va"riable, n. 2. Math. 3. Naut. (a) A shifting wind, or one that varies in force. (b) pl. © Webster 1913.
How to get the most out of homework Homework is a tricky topic. There are always some educational experts that argue that homework tasks does not actually help students improve at school. Other experts however, argue that homework is a valuable way of revising and retaining information. What I have come to learn, over my many years as both a student and an educator, is that homework can be a very productive learning tool, but only if done correctly. Students who rush through their homework carelessly, one eye on the television, and forget about it the moment they have handed it in, are unlikely to benefit much from the task. However, students who consciously use homework as a tool for revising, recapping and learning new ideas will have a natural advantage in their classes. So, here are my top 4 tips for getting the most out of homework. 1. Get away from distractions Students who complete their homework in front of the television or while browsing the internet are unlikely to benefit from their efforts. In order to get the most out of their homework, students should set aside a time and a place, free from distractions, in which they can focus solely at the task at hand. Check out this post for more information on how to set up a productive study space for your child. 2. Look over notes One of the main points of homework is to revise the skills that students have learned in class. Problems occur, however, when students have already forgotten what they did in class by the time they get around to doing their homework. When this happens, the student is likely to be confused and unproductive. It is a good idea for students to look over their notes from class before completing their homework, so they are able to recall and revise all the important skills they have learned. 3. Make a list of questions to ask In my opinion, a good student is one who isn’t afraid to ask questions. Homework is a great time for students to figure out what areas they understand, and what they need the teacher to clarify for them again. I always encourage students to make a note of any questions or problems they have during their homework, so they can remember them later. 4. Reflect upon your mistakes Finishing your homework is only the first step. One of the most important stages of any homework task is reflecting upon your mistakes. Once the homework has been corrected by the teacher, students should see which questions they got wrong and figure out how they can improve in the future. Is there a particular skill that they need to relearn? Is there a common mistake that they are making that they can avoid in the future? Reflecting upon the mistakes made during homework tasks is one of the most effective ways for students to improve in the future. Book Your Free Assessment With Spectrum Tuition At Spectrum Tuition, we recognise that every student is different. Every student has a different range of skills, experience and strengths. In order to make sure each course is tailored to your child’s specific needs, we make sure that every student who comes to us is given a Free Assessment test. This test is designed to give us a clear indication of each student’s abilities, skills and experience. We use this information to ensure that students are placed in an appropriate class, and that their tutor has all the necessary information required to give each student effective personalised attention. Most students are required to sit a test for both English and Maths. Each test takes roughly an hour and covers a vast range of topics across up to 3 levels. This is to ensure that we pinpoint your child’s exact level. For example, a student in Year 5 will sit the Grade 4 – Grade 6. We use this information to ensure that your child is placed in a class that is challenging, but not too difficult. If you think you might be interested in signing your child up for an entrance test, read on! What To Expect From The Entrance Test: Each entrance test should take roughly an hour. Students who wish to attend classes in both English and Maths should set aside roughly 2 hours to complete their tests. The only thing that students need to bring along is a pencil, an eraser, a drink and a snack. Spare pencils and erasers can be provided if necessary. As the test is intended solely to assess the student’s strength and weaknesses, it is not necessary or beneficial that students study for the test in advance. Because the test takes up a reasonable amount of time, you are welcome to drop your child off for their test and pick them up when they have finished. If you plan to do so, please provide us with your contact details on the day so we can contact you if your child finishes early. Once the test is complete, we sit down with both the student and the parents and discuss the results. We provide advice on the areas that the student needs to focus on and the things that they can do to improve in the future. These discussions are a great way of helping parents understand how they, and how we, can help their child achieve success. You can sign up for your child’s free entrance test today. Just click here. 10 Different Approaches To Getting Your Child Excited About Reading Some children need no encouragement when it comes to reading; they bury themselves in a pile of books and need to be dragged away from their latest novel whenever it is time to eat or sleep. Other children, for whatever reason, are not nearly as enthusiastic. Some students view reading as a boring and pointless task, to be avoided at all costs. If this sounds like your child, check our my 10 tips to get your child more enthusiastic about reading. 1. Read aloud to your child. Most people who read for pleasure were read to as a child. This is where we first develop our love of stories. The more you read to your child at a young age, the more enthusiastically they will pursue their own reading. 2. Read joke books. Reading doesn’t always have to be serious. If your child is reluctant to read, try reading joke books together. Reading jokes engages our reading comprehension and interpretation skills and our ability to interpret subtle uses of language. Best of all, it’s much more fun than reading an encyclopaedia! 3. Give reading a purpose. Some children complain that reading is pointless. Prove them wrong by linking their reading to an activity. For example, you could find a book that explains how to make the best paper planes, or you could encourage your child to read brochures to help you plan an upcoming holiday! 4. Get rid of distractions. Reading is fun, but it also requires attention. As such, it is easy for readers to be distracted by the TV, video games and the Internet. Try to set aside an hour of “distraction-free” time each night, which can be dedicated to reading individually or as a family. 5. Vary the reading material. Reading is reading, no matter what the medium. Though it is important for children to read novels, often other material such as joke books, comic books, picture books or poems can be a great way of getting them interested. 6. Ask questions. Show interest in what your child is reading. Ask them to explain what is happening in the story, who the characters are, and get them to predict what might happen next. The more a child discusses what they read, the more engaged they will become, and the more motivated they will be to continue reading. 7. Set a good example. Reading shouldn’t just be something that students have to do because their parents are making them do it. Set a good example by letting your child see you reading for pleasure; show that reading is something enjoyable that everyone can do. 8. Use subtitles. Does your child watch a lot of movies? Want to help them improve their reading whilst also giving yourself a valuable bit of peace and quiet? Turn off the sound and put on the subtitles! 9. Get your child a library card. Getting your child a library card encourages them to take responsibility over their own reading. Young children will feel very grown up when they are given their own card, and are likely to be enthusiastic about using it. 10. Don’t turn it into a chore. Above all, try not to turn reading into a boring, stressful or strenuous task. The worst thing you can do is nag and berate your child to read; this will only cause them to associate reading with negative feelings from then on. Instead, encourage your child to read what they enjoy, praise them for their efforts. [twitter_follow username=”spectrumtuition” language=”en”] A Week Of Writing Prompts For Scholarship Exams When he was asked what the key to being a good writer was, famous American fantasy novelist David Eddings gave the following advice: What does this mean? It means that learning to write a good story is hard work; if you want to become a good writer, the only way to do so is to write story after story after story after story. Practice makes perfect. For students sitting their scholarship exams in the coming month, Eddings’s advice is particularly relevant. When they sit down to their exam, they will be required to write an engaging narrative, based on an unseen prompt, in only 15 minutes. Not only do they need to be able to write a coherent narrative in this time, they also have to write a story that will stand out from the crowd and attract the attention of the examiners. I have already given some advice on some ways that your child can improve their narrative writing in this blog post. It’s definitely worth looking at if you haven’t already. But, as David Eddings suggests, all the advice in the world will not help if your child does not practice! So, in the weeks left before the scholarship exam, your child should be writing as many stories as they possible can. Even if they can put aside just 15 minutes each day to write a story, their writing skills are likely to improve dramatically before the exam. Below are 7 prompts that your child can use to practice. See if they can get through them all this week! 1. Write a narrative based on the following image. image1 2. Write a narrative that uses the following words: dark, bear, lightning, forgotten. 3. Write a narrative that begins with the sentence: “When I woke up, I looked around the room and came to the conclusion that I had no idea where I was.” 4. Write a narrative based on the following image. image2 5. Write a narrative called “The Biggest Mistake of My Life.” 6. Write a narrative based on the following image. image3 7. Write a narrative about a difficult decision.
How can U.N. measure if better governance programs work? Reuters News Posted: Jan 21, 2015 3:43 PM By Stella Dawson WASHINGTON (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Anti-corruption and governance programs sound like a good way to help countries develop, but measuring their impact on ending extreme poverty remains elusive, a new study has found. Global leaders are considering including governance as one of the United Nations' new set of development goals, which will have a significant influence on how roughly $2.5 trillion in development aid is spent over the next 15 years. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) under discussion at UN meetings in New York this week are due to take effect in 2016. The United Kingdom is a big supporter of a governance goal, and in a UN survey of more than seven million people, an honest and responsive government was among their top priorities. But a study by Mary Hilderbrand, economics professor at Texas A&M University, released this week by the Copenhagen Consensus think tank casts some doubt on whether a development goal focusing on transparency, responsive government and reducing corruption will be effective. There have been large investments in global governance over the last 20 years and yet the results are disappointing, she said. For example, one study of 80 countries that had World Bank governance programs found that governance improved in 39 percent of the countries and worsened in 25 percent. These results were no different than in countries without programs. While the overall goal is laudable, finding ways to implement it in an effective and measurable manner is far more difficult, she said, adding it makes her leary of governance targets. “Governance because it involves political, social and economic systems is very complex, and it is hard to know what is happening below the surface. It is too easy for governments to tick the boxes through institutional reforms without fundamentally changing anything,” Hilderbrand said in a telephone interview. The one governance target that does make sense is providing a legal identity for all citizens, including birth registration, because it is concrete and brings a range of benefits, she said. Such programs help build the capacity of governments to run efficient systems. Cards guarantee citizens access to public services and the right to vote, which in turn increases government accountability and reduces poverty. Hilderbrand estimates the benefits would at least equal the cost of every dollar invested. In contrast, the cost-benefits of other proposed governance targets, such as “substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all its forms” are uncertain partly because they are so general, she said. Aart Kraay, a World Bank economist who reviewed Hilderbrand’s paper, said that while there may be little hard evidence of a causal link between good governance and better development, that does not mean such "aspirational" goals should be abandoned. Transparency International, the leading global anti-corruption advocacy group, agreed. “When there are higher levels of bribery, there is more poverty, so we know it has to be part of the SDGs,” said Craig Fagan, TI’s head of global policy. The United Nations General Assembly plans to complete its work on the new development goals, which currently number 17 plus 169 targets for implementing them, by July for final adoption by world leaders in September. (Reporting by Stella Dawson; Editing by Lisa Anderson)
KS2 English Literacy Workbook - Year 6 Write The First Customer Review This bright, colourful book is full of practice questions for 10-11 year old students studying KS2 English. It covers all of the word and sentence level topics in the National Literacy Strategy for year 6. The questions are written in a clear, straightforward style to test what they know and how well they can apply their knowledge. The answers are in the back of the book so you can easily check their work, find out where they might be going wrong and improve their answers. KS2 English Literacy Workbook - Year 6 2000, Coordination Group Publications Ltd (CGP), Broughton-in-Furness ISBN-13: 9781841461564
The trapped womanIn "The Yellow Wallpaper" why is the woman who is trapped in the wallpaper so significant to the story itself? Expert Answers mrs-campbell eNotes educator\| Certified Educator The woman in the wallpaper is a symbol of the narrator herself, and her increasing feeling of being trapped. She lives with a well-intentioned but overbearing husband who limits her options and pooh-poohs her suggestions like she is a child incapable of making decisions. Her brother is also a doctor who prescribes her unusual, and I feel, unhealthy cure of ostracization from society and limitations from working and staying busy and occupied. Because the narrator feels her voice in life is constantly being repressed, and every desire she has is not listened to or deemed foolish or unhealthy, she feels trapped. As her mental state worsens because of this repression, her ability to sense a woman in the wallpaper increases. She feels the woman is trapped, just as she is. She sees the woman trying to get out, just as she tries-and fails-to voice her desires and change her circumstances. In the end, the trapped woman in the paper just crawls around and around, trying to escape. In the story, what starts out as the narrator just interpreting a crazy pattern on wallpaper becomes a full-blown manifestation of her repressed self; in the end, she and the woman in the wallpaper have become one and the same, and it is she that is skulking about the room along the edges of the wall. The woman in that wallpaper is significant for the symbolic nature of a repressed woman's desire to be free and happy, and also of the narrator's deteriorating mental state as unfortunate circumstances are pressed on her. It is a sobering reminder of the situation that many women found themselves in during Gilman's time period, and an interesting commentary on the mind's ability to change its state for the better or worse. Ashley Kannan eNotes educator\| Certified Educator I liked the previous post's ideas of how the wallpaper is a reflection of self and a "manifestation" to quote post #2 of the woman's own condition. This idea in the story strikes a very powerful note of how we see our own selves mirrored in conditions that are separate from our own. In times of difficulty or sadness, we tend to see other things and people as mirroring our own predicament. In his work, The Book of Laughter and Forgetting, Kundera suggests that we do this, in part, to avoid being misanthropic, in that our scope of understanding and compassion widens when we ourselves are deprived of it. Certainly, the narrator is reflective of this. The story's demand for understanding the predicament of women and post- partum depression are both very strong, but its statement on the nature of mental illness and the demand to understand it, as opposed to merely covering it up in a "glib" (sorry, had to toss in a Tom Cruise dig there) manner by suggesting it to be a character weakness is the strongest of statements made in the story. mwestwood eNotes educator\| Certified Educator In one of his novels, Dean Kootz has a character remark, "Perception is reality." Such is the case with Gilman's character in "The Yellow Wallpaper." Because the wife/mother is confined to a room hideous to her with its cumbersome bed nailed to the floor and unsymmetrical, ugly wallpaper which is all she can contemplate, Gilman's character materializes her mental disturbances and repression into a woman imprisoned behind this wallpaper. In other words, her thoughts and feelings take a tangible form for her. Believing that there is this tangible form, Gilman's characters seeks to free her. Perhaps if her husband John can see this incarnate woman, he will then understand his wife's feelings. But, of course, he faints after coming into the room. Read the study guide: The Yellow Wallpaper Access hundreds of thousands of answers with a free trial. Start Free Trial Ask a Question
Search This Blog Sunday, October 31, 2010 Myths about Diabetes by Elle Wood You can catch diabetes from someone else.  Although we don't know exactly why some people develop diabetes, we know diabetes is not contagious. It can't be caught like a cold or flu. There does seem to be some genetic link in diabetes, particularly Type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle factors also play a part. If you do have diabetes, diabetes management is imperative, and now considerably easier with the help of mobile diabetes management. People with diabetes can't eat sweets or chocolate.  If eaten as part of a healthy meal plan, matched with a medication regimen, or combined with exercise, sweets and desserts can be eaten by people with diabetes. They can be incorporated into any healthy eating plan. Eating too much sugar causes diabetes.  Diabetes is not caused by eating too much sugar. It is a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors. However, being overweight does increase your risk for developing Type 2 diabetes. If you have a history of diabetes in your family, eating a healthy meal plan and regular exercise are recommended to manage your weight. People with diabetes should eat special diabetic foods.  A healthy meal plan for people with diabetes is the same as that for everyone - low in fat (especially saturated and trans fat), moderate in salt and sugar, with meals based on whole grain foods, vegetables and fruit. Diabetic and "dietetic" versions of sugar-containing foods offer no special benefit. They can still raise blood glucose levels, are usually more expensive and can have a laxative effect if they contain sugar alcohols.  Starchy foods are part of a healthy meal plan. What is important is the portion size. Whole grain breads, cereals, pasta, rice and starchy vegetables like potatoes, yams, peas and corn can be included in your meals and snacks. The key is portions. For most people with diabetes, having 3-4 servings of carbohydrate-containing foods per meal is about right. Whole grain starchy foods are also a good source of fiber, which contributes to a healthy body.  You are no more likely to get a cold or any other illness if you have diabetes. However, people with diabetes are advised to get flu shots. This is because any infection interferes with your blood glucose management, putting you at risk of high blood glucose levels and, for those with Type 1 diabetes, an increased risk of ketoacidosis. Insulin causes weight gain and because obesity is bad for you, insulin should not be taken.  Both the UKPDS (United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study) and the DCCT (Diabetes Control & Complications Trial) have shown that the benefit of glucose management with insulin far outweighs the risk of weight gain.  Fruit IS a healthy food. It contains fiber and lots of vitamins and minerals. Because fruit contains carbohydrates, it needs to be incorporated into your overall diabetes management plan . Talk to your dietitian about the amount, frequency and types of fruits you should eat, and about how fruit counts in your meal plan. You don't need to change your diabetes regimen unless your A1C is greater than eight percent.  The better your glucose control, the less likely you are to develop complications of diabetes. An A1C in the sevens (7s), however, does not represent good control. The ADA goal is less than seven percent. The American Academy of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) recommends A1C goal of less than 6.5%. The closer your A1C is to the normal range (less than six percent), the lower your chances of complications. Talk with your healthcare provider about the best goal for you. EOS Health takes diabetes and Diabetes Management concerns very seriously, and with its introduction of its mobile diabetes management application, you should too. Visit EOSHealth to learn of all the advancement in the world of diabetes management. Saturday, October 30, 2010 Effective Diabetes Management Lowers the Hazards of Complications by jamesnapier When someone is diagnosed with diabetes, he or she usually panics because not the disease itself, but its possible complications are extremely frightening. Diabetes can lead to serious health conditions like damage of the blood vessels; heart disease, kidney failure, eye problems, leg and foot problems. Even though this might sound very scary, with an effective diabetes management, complications can be avoided. All diabetes patients must fully understand that in order for them to live with this disease and to enjoy many years of life, they have to do some important changes. Of uttermost importance in managing diabetes and in lowering the hazards of complications are the medication, the diet and the physical activity. Under no circumstances should patients neglect the treatment that the doctor is prescribing them. It can either be an insulin therapy or some other therapy, but the main point is that the recommended treatment scheme should be followed step by step. Medication is indeed the key to living a life close to normal, but it is not all it takes. Diabetes sufferers should also change their diet and include physical exercise in their daily routine. This all starts with a change in their mentality. A healthy lifestyle is not an ordeal, but it is the single alternative to live long and happy years without suffering of diabetes complications. Unhealthy dietary habits need to be replaced with healthy ones. Patients with diabetes should base their diet on fruits and vegetables and they should also consume fibers and whole grains. Such a diet will diminish the risk of developing a heart disease. The intake of salt should be close to zero in order to help kidneys perform their activity easier. Smoking is completely out of the question for diabetes sufferers because it can lead to dangerous complications. In managing diabetes, physical exercise also plays an important part. Keeping complications away, physical activity is recommended to be done three times a week, for thirty minutes. It might be wise to ask the physician what kind of exercises are best to be done because every patient has his or hers particularities. As long as the patients realize that a diabetes diagnosis implies a bunch of changes that they need to do, managing the disease won't be anything complicated. Will and determination are required and there are high changes for complication never to occur. With the help of these effective diabetes management techniques you can lower the hazards of complications. Read about Diabetes Natural Treatment and its benefits. Know how Diabetes Supplement helps control blood sugar levels naturally. Friday, October 29, 2010 Self Test for Blood Sugar Level What is home test kits of blood sugar level? Home test kits is the instruments you can use to measure your blood sugar numbers at home at your convenience. It is normally easy and convenient to use. If you think you belong to high risk of getting diabetes group, it is encouraged to do home test for blood glucose level especially if you belongs to older age people. Regardless if your have diabetes record in family history or not, it is always better to keep yourself fit and healthy and do a body checkup annually. Normally people who have diabetes always experience symptoms such as loss sight of vision, fatigue, losing weight drastically, as well as easily feel starvation and thirsty. In this case, daily monitoring is an important factor in regulating blood sugar level carefully. There are several home kits which can be purchased from local pharmacies that do not actually need prescription from a physician. Such kits come with some lancets, test strips and user's manuals. These home test kits use batteries to function and are considered the suitable testers to use as they can give uptodate results. Home test for blood sugar level can be started by using the following basic steps. First is by inserting the glucose strip into the blood sugar meter. Rub your finger with alcohol to sterilize your finger then prick it using the lancet provided in the kit. Draw a few blood drops and set them on the glucose test strip. Secure the lid and after little moment, you'll know the result is complete once you hear a beep. There are basically different kinds of self test for diabetes level kit, soselecting the right one for your needs should be able to provide you with the relief of pricking blood only from your fingers instead of the arms, too. You should get the diabetes home test kit that are tested by the Food and Drug Administration, so you would want to look for the FDA seal as well to make sure that you are only using one which is proven to give accurate results. Lastly, testing diabetes level at home is very important to find out whether your diabetes level is within control or your diabetes level is losing control. This will relates to the results of your diabetes management. If the results is bad, then you must instantly seek for doctor advice and revise your diabetes plan. With that, the diabetes home test kits will help immensely in measuring the effectiveness of your diabetes management. This article is to encourage people to control diabetes naturally. If you want to find out more on how to reverse diabetes level and natural treatments for diabetes, kindly visit this link: Controlling Diabetes Naturally Thursday, October 28, 2010 Are you an expert insulin user? by wpronline A large number of patients with Diabetes require Insulin and often develop Insulin deficiency. However, they simply need to take it with the help of a syringe or pen devices. This Insulin then keeps glucose or sugar in normal range, keeping a person healthy. Unfortunately, in countries like India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh etc where paramedic support is poor, Insulin treatment becomes more difficult. Most doctors prescribe Insulin but they have no time to train patients about taking Insulin shots. Very often an untrained person trains patients. And so Insulin prick-related problems are common in these countries. Problems like lipohypertrophy, injection site marks, infections are more common Indian and Asian patients. Injection sites and angles One of the most important aspects of Insulin injection technique is injection site. Insulin should reach subcutaneous tissue, that is, the layer of fat below skin. So areas like abdomen [except around navel], outer side of thigh and arms are considered as good sites. Unfortunately, many patients still inject it into the forearm or calf region, which is not correct. Apart from site, the next important thing is angle of injection. Earlier, longer needles of 12 mm were available and hence it was recommended to inject at 45-degree angle so as to avoid intramuscularly injection, particularly in individuals with a thin built. But nowadays, shorter needles of 5 to 6 mm are available. With these needles, it is best to inject Insulin at 90-degree angle. Injection site rotation is yet another important concept. If Insulin is injected at same point then that area of skin becomes more fatty and this is called lipohypertrophy. Insulin injected into this area is absorbed slowly and erratically and this makes sugar control difficult. Since the prick in this area is painless, the patient prefers it but later on gets in trouble due to fluctuations in glucose levels. Thus, it is very important that a patient should inject at different points and should go on rotating injection sites. Insulin absorption Another focus should be on the site of injection and rate of Insulin absorption. Most of the studies show that absorption is most rapid at abdomen. Hence it is important that morning Insulin or short acting Insulin can be injected into abdomen while night insulin can be injected into thigh. Alternatively, all morning shots can be taken on abdomen while evening shots on thigh so as to make insulin absorption more consistent. This would avoid unexpected variation in insulin level due to injection site change. Reusing needles How often to reuse needle- is also an important issue. Though needles are made for a single use, in India, most of the patients are reusing needles due to cost factor. Ideally a patient should not reuse a needle, but still if one has to, then consider a few points. Better not to reuse a needle more than thrice or four times. Do not boil it. In fact, do not touch the needle. Maintain personal hygiene and wash hands before injecting insulin. A thumb rule When a patient reuses a needle, its tip becomes blunt and it can cause injury to skin and create a point for bacterial entry, leading to infection. Thus, as a rule of thumb, if a needle hurts, do not reuse it. These aspects of Insulin therapy are presented in an easy-to-understand slide show on Online Class section of The author is a doctor by profession and experienced writer with an enthusiastic interest in health industry, expertise in Insulin, and Diabetic Products. Read more about diabetes at diabetes hormone. Wednesday, October 27, 2010 Diabetes- modify lifestyle for healthy living by glucofightseo In every human body the secretion of insulin and glycogen controls blood sugar level but the disturbance in hormone secretion causes high glucose level in the body. Diabetes is a kind of metabolic disorder due to which the body is unable to convert sugar and starch in the food into simple sugar and energy and the glucose level in body rises. This disease arises due to low production of insulin or improper usage of the hormone as insulin controls blood sugar level so people take diabetes supplements to support the metabolism process. Types and symptoms Diabetes is of three types that include type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Due to this disease the body starts using fats and proteins as energy source as the glucose breakdown process stops completely. The patient shows some symptoms like poluria due to which the person urinate frequently, polydipsia causes increase in thirst and desire for consequent fluid intake, polyphegia relates with increased appetite as the person feels more and more hungry and even excessive weight loss. In type I diabetes the symptoms develop quickly whereas in type 2 the symptoms are much slow. Some severe conditions The extreme case of diabetes ketoacidosis is characterized by the smell of acetone in the breath of the patient, polyuria, vomiting, nausea and abdominal pain. This medical emergency situation is treated in hospital as it can be lethal in some cases. Another severe condition in diabetes is hyperosmolar nonketotic state due to loss of body water as the patient has the habit of drinking sugar-containing drinks. Diabetes is partly inherited from generation to generation but by proper diabetes control methods it can be prevented. The mutated genes of diabetes are carried by some people that causes MODY which is maturity onset diabetes of the young. These genes got triggered by some viral infection, stress or drugs so correct diabetes treatment is required for such patient. The risk of diabetes can be suppressed and prevented by changing the diet and increasing the physical activity. The suspected individual should eat good amount of whole grains and sugar. Even by giving children Vitamin D or some diabetic supplements in their first year of life also reduces the risk of type 1 diabetes. Even breastfeeding act as good prevention of type 2 diabetes in the mothers. Through prophylactic usage of rosiglitazone, metformin and valsartan, the diabetes in predisposed patients is delayed and is a good method for diabetes control. Diabetes Treatment Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease which can't be cured permanently but there are some methods for diabetes control and diabetes treatment. By dietic support, self glucose monitoring, sensible exercise and patient education any patient can control blood sugar and maintain the glucose level in the body. As the disease is associated with higher risks of cardiovascular disease so lifestyle should be modified for diabetes control so as to control blood pressure and cholesterol. The patient should cess the habit of smoking, wear diabetic socks and consumes correct diet. Even by the usage of diabetes supplements and insulin the glucose level can be controlled. The diabetes treatment involves combined usage of both regular and synthetic insulin analogs like Humalog, Novolog or Lantus and Humalog. Nowadays people use insulin pumps also for maintaining the glucose level. Even a blood lancet is used to draw out the blood sample and check the sugar level in it. We offer Diabetes Treatment, Type 2 Diabetes, Diabetes Control, Glucose Levels, Control Blood Sugar, Glucose Levels, Diabetes Supplement, Blood Sugar, Diabetes Care, Diabetes Solutions. Tuesday, October 26, 2010 History of Diabetes by juliet Juliet Cohen writes articles for fitness tips and weight loss tips. Sunday, October 24, 2010 Controlling Diabetes Should Be Easy by dsdbookstore Getting the diagnosis of diabetes is never an easy thing, but controlling and managing this condition can be. Now more than ever technology is allowing diabetics to continue to live normal lives while still ensuring their blood sugar levels are under control and their health remains in tact. However, controlling diabetes can seem impossible at first, so you need to learn more about the options you have available in order to take advantage of them. What You Eat Matters When your doctor first tells you that you have diabetes, you may have a number of questions as a result. One of the first, and most important, questions to answer is, "What does a diabetic eat?" Since you are told that diabetes is a condition that affects the management of your blood sugar, you need to learn the proper diet for diabetes patients. Controlling diabetes starts with learning the sugar content of foods and avoiding foods that impact your blood glucose level. You might be taught that fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are the best choices for ensuring your body stays health and your diabetes is under control. You will also be told that meats and dairy products can also be beneficial in certain portions. While this diet for diabetes might seem a little complicated, it becomes easier over time. You might want to ask for a clear list of the things you can and you can not eat. This will help you easily make the best decisions for your health. Monitoring Your Blood Sugar If you're controlling diabetes with your diet, you need to monitor your progress as you do. Since everyone's body is different, it becomes necessary to look at glucose numbers to see how you are doing. Blood sugar control isn't a difficult process, however, with the newer glucose meters. Just a small prick of your finger or arm can help you see how your blood sugar level is doing at any part of the day. By checking this regularly before and after meals (and as directed by your doctor), you can begin to see trends in your blood sugar levels and learn how to manage ups and downs. Blood sugar control only takes a few minutes of your time each day, and with the simple meters, no one even has to know you're checking your blood. Just head to the bathroom or off to a private area, check your glucose numbers, and then get back to your life. If you should notice your blood sugar level going too high or too low, you can take immediate action to correct the reading. In the beginning, this might happen more often than your doctor may like, but as you get the hang of your diet, it will become less and less of a problem. Controlling diabetes begins with a proper diet for diabetes and continues with blood sugar control. And while the changes you make might seem challenging at first, when you realize you only have to make these two changes in your life to keep yourself healthy, diabetes doesn't seem to be all that scary anymore. Written by Diabetics for Diabetics, Diabetes Self-Defense® Weekly Journal and Reference Manual provides a yearly Diabetes journal. This book is written for all people living with diabetes or pre-diabetes to live the healthiest, happiest, and longest lives possible. Created in a classic, wire-bound notebook style for convenience and portability, this all-in-one Diabetes resource book is designed to be a comprehensive Diabetes management journal. This diabetic manual is designed to reach and guide all sufferers at every age. Saturday, October 23, 2010 Man's Waist Size May Predict Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes by: Sittiwat New studies concluded that man's waist size may predict much more about his risk of developing type 2 diabetes type than any other used measures. Currently doctors use body mass index (BMI) a measure of weight in relation to height to estimate a patient's risk of developing type 2 diabetes and advise him how to lower his risk, such as by losing weight and changing their diet. Many opinions say that men should have a waist size of less than 40 inches to help prevent developing of health problems such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. But recent medical observations say the cutoff for a man's waist size may need to be lowered to 34 inches. As waist size climbed above this level, type 2 diabetes risk rose progressively, as follows: waist size of 34 to 36 doubled diabetes risk. waist size of 36 to 38 inches nearly tripled the risk. waist size of 38 to 40 inches was associated with five times the risk. waist size of 40 to 62 inches was associated with 12 times the risk. Measuring your waist circumference is a simple way to help you identify the risk of developing heart disease and diabetes. If you want to do it, note first that it is something different to belt size and follow this procedure: take off your shirt and loosen your belt, then place a tape measure around the waist at a point 1cm below your tummy button, take care to measure the waist circumference with the abdomen relaxed, while breathing out. Valerian D is a freelance writer specialized in health issues affecting men such as diabetes About Author: Valerian D. Article Source: Friday, October 22, 2010 If You Have To Take Your Blood Sugar Why Not Make It Pain Free by: Sittiwat As a Diabetic your morning ritual consists of waking up, going to the bathroom, washing your hands and face and then testing your blood sugar. If you happen to take insulin or other medication you may need to take your blood sugar often throughout the day. Why not use a Meter and lancing system that require the smallest dose possible. Diabetes has become a huge industry. Every Sunday a major drugstore chain has a 1/2 page or full page color ad in their flyer dedicated to diabetes care. Blood meters, Alcohol swabs, Lancets and food shakes are often featured items. In any given week you may have the opportunity to get the latest and greatest Blood glucose Meter free after rebate, or free with strip purchase. Sure they are anxious to give away free meters. With Test Strips running about $80 per box of 100 they earn their money back in no time. The question is how to you know which is the best meter for you. Looking over the meters, the testing methods are similar, insert Strip in Meter, Draw Blood, apply blood to strip, wait 5 seconds or more for result. The accuracy of the meters are roughly the same, the cost of strips are roughly the same, so how do you choose. All other factors being equal I chose the meter that requires the smallest blood sample. Currently that meter is the Free Style Flash About the Author Mike Makler Offers Financial Services (Mortgages,Life Insurance, Annuity) in Florissant Missouri which is in North St. Louis County Missouri Just Across the Bridge from St. Charles Missouri Call Mike at 314 398-5547 Visit Mike's Web Page: For Missouri Specific Insurance and Loan Questions: Get Mike's Newsletter Here Copyright © 2005-2006 Mike Makler About Author: Mike Makler Article Source: Thursday, October 21, 2010 Can The Diabetes Diet Save Your Life ? by: Ken The Diabetes Diet has had enormous success - without side effects! Article Source: Wednesday, October 20, 2010 Effective Home Remedies for Diabetes by Ankit Pandey The word diabetes can be medically referred as mounting amount of blood honey and abnormal passage over glucose via urinal detail. nonetheless, absence over insulin or even its decrease volume which are organism is alleged to be the main cause of diabetes. from previous few years, the situations about diabetes have alarmingly expanded, making it a serious illness nationwide. maybe the young ones are found impacted with this illness not to mention the superior ones. The disease can be detected via a check taken to identify the blood sugar level which are body. people typically having stoutness are generally unnatural with this syndrome. Diabetes have become mostly non-curable, claim once unnatural with this illness the affected person rest affected for the rest of his/her life. The treatment within trouble is mainly focused on controlling blood sugar amount in the system to extend the life span within patient. In addition to clinical remedy, diabetes may also be controlled by following a few home treatments. which are after line we now have outlined a few easy in order to monitor domicile treatments targeted diabetes. see on"�� Bitter melon or bitter protect is said to acquire awesome potentiality to control the blood darling degree in the organism. consequently, it s endorsed even with medical professionals to add them with items intake. Fenugreek is usually a plant which is also used when herbs and flavor. But, the conceal is additionally quite efficient targeted diabetes. The serene should glug a cup about juice inside the lodge within each morning. The sprout of the conceal besides joystick blood darling amount and brings get the glucose point. consequently, its potent targeted diabetes. yet another approach to domicile treatments targeted diabetes will making use of black raisins. add a number of black raisins within water and allow it in a single day. during the morning, remove the raisins with water and glug it. maintain this particular procedure on during some days until the outcomes of the black raisins kicks with. put tomatoes, plum and ginger fruits within your menu consumption. They have amazing medicinal house to manage blood honey which are system. create a mixture of mango juice and Indian choice and it is important to drink it three times in a day. You will apply something different and rejuvenating after 1 month"��s continuously drinking up the juice mixture. a further domestic treatments targeted diabetes is always to solar the depart using bay for 2 days. toil them inside pleasant powder. enroll in 5 gms inside the powder into a tumbler of water and glug it. respect this method for 10 days. About the Author: This article is written by Ankit Pandey who writes about Home Remedies and Health Tips. Tuesday, October 19, 2010 The Best Diets for Diabetics by arifrahim When one has diabetes, it is important to consider which foods fulfill the essential nutritional needs to maintain a healthy life. The best diet for diabetics is generally similar to the kind of healthy eating that is suitable for everyone. Like the general population, people with diabetes need to focus on whole foods that are both rich in nutrients and high in fiber. This includes virtually all plant foods, most dairy products, lean meat, and poultry, as well as fish. However, there are two main forms of diabetes, and while both types benefit from these whole foods, each has different nutritional goals that need to be met to ensure the healthiest way of living. With type 1 diabetes, studies show that total carbohydrates have the most effect on the maintenance of blood sugar control and the amount of insulin needed. Without a proper balance of insulin, carbohydrate intake, and physical activity, there can be radical changes in blood glucose levels. Additionally, if you have type 1 diabetes and are on a fixed dose of insulin, the carbohydrate content of your snacks and meals should be consistent on a day to day basis. In regards to children with type 1 diabetes, weight and growth patterns have proven to be useful in determining if they are getting enough nutrition in their diet. When dealing with type 2 diabetes, the focus is primarily on weight control since 80 - 90% of people with this disease are overweight. A meal plan with reduced calories, an even distribution of carbohydrates, and healthier monounsaturated fats can help improve blood glucose levels. Examples of foods high in monounsaturated fat include peanut butter, walnuts, and almonds, as well as other nuts. These can be substituted for carbohydrates, but because these foods are high in calories, portions should be relatively small. In many cases, moderate weight loss and increased physical activity can control type 2 diabetes, although some people may require oral medications or insulin in addition to lifestyle changes. For children with type 2 diabetes, meal plans should be recalculated often to account for the child's change in calorie requirements due to growth. Moreover, it is best to serve children three smaller meals and three snacks in order to meet calorie needs. Changes in eating habits and increased physical activity help reduce insulin resistance and improve blood sugar control. It is also important to note that during times of excessive sweet consumption, such as holidays or birthday parties, children may still continue to eat sugar-containing foods, however, their daily amount of pastas, potatoes or rice should be eliminated to maintain an appropriate balance between calories and carbohydrates. For both types of diabetes, here are some general guidelines to follow to create the proper balance between carbohydrates, protein, and fat: Carbohydrate choices should come from whole-grain breads or cereals, brown rice, beans, pasta, fruits, and vegetables. Increasing dietary fiber is a general guideline for the entire population rather than specifically for people with diabetes. Because carbohydrates vary in their calorie content, they essentially affect weight and blood glucose control. Protein intake should be approximately 15 - 20% of total calories. Proteins that are low in fat are recommended, such as non-fat dairy products, skinless poultry, legumes, fish, and lean meats, with portion sizes being no larger than a deck of cards. Reduce the amount of dietary fat. Less than 7% of calories should come from saturated fat, which raise LDL ("bad") cholesterol. Dietary cholesterol should be less than 200 mg per day. Additionally, intake of trans-unsaturated fats, which are more commonly known as partially hydrogenated oils, should be minimized. Reduction of fat intake may help contribute to weight loss. Limit sources of high-calorie and low-nutritional-value foods, including those with a high content of sugars. Foods containing sugar should be substituted for other carbohydrate sources (such as potatoes) rather than merely adding them on to the meal. Monday, October 18, 2010 Diabetes: The $132 Billion Dollar Pandemic by: Sittiwat You know, it's not everyday a fellow like me gets to announce a major paradigm shift, much less concerning diabetes …or any other medical condition. You don't know what a paradigm shift is? Well, if I mentioned events and names like: Gutenberg, Copernicus, Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein, Louis Pasteur, and Werner von Braun …you would probably guess a paradigm shift is major shift in thinking…and you would be right. Back in the 1960's, Thomas Kuhn wrote a famous book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. In it, he destroyed the common misconception so many of us have about science. We tend to think scientific progress is ushered in by a slow, line upon line, piece by piece development of thought over time. Thomas Kuhn showed that, historically, scientific progress occurs in leaps …and is always confronted by a struggle with an "old guard." The old scientific theorists hold tenaciously to their (usually tenured or profitable) positions and array themselves against the new discovery, attempting to drive it away. But, the new guard - the new discoverers, inventors, explorers- takes the new discoveries and advances it over the thinking of the old establishment. Rarely is the old guard converted to the new patterns of thinking (new discovery). They just die off. The new position wins by attrition …truth…and perseverance. Diabetes: The $132 billion dollar pandemic Diabetes is on the front edge of such a paradigm shift. Diabetes now afflicts over 18 million Americans. That is double the number of people with diabetes just since 1991 alone. According to the CDC, one in every three Americans will develop diabetes in their lifetime. Let that sink in…one in every three Americans will develop diabetes in their lifetime. It is estimated over 40 million Americans can be classified as "pre-diabetes" meaning they have blood sugar levels higher than normal but still below the type 2 diagnosis level which helps to define diabetes. By anyone's standard that is pandemic (goes far beyond epidemic proportions). The cost for this carnage is over $132 BILLION DOLLARS. So much expense, grief and sorrow…and unnecessary. Diabetes: A reflection of our culture. We are a fast food, sedentary, "get-our-fix-now" generation. More than one in every two Americans are overweight. We don't exercise as we should. All of which affects glucose levels. Diabetes is a lifestyle disease…and we've got the lifestyle. Diabetes: The important announcement That said, diabetes is a condition which CAN be turned around. Glyconutrition is the new discovery shaking the medical and scientific worlds. There are four Nobel Prizes and MIT testifying to the fact that glycobiology is one of the 10 technologies/discoveries which will shape our world. Glyconutrition is more than just a promising new treatment for diabetes. Many are starting to whisper "VICTORY" over diabetes in their approach to disease. Whether that is the case, time will tell. Oh no… The problem is not a failure of glyconutrition. It is the building block VITAL to healthy cellular function and it is extremely vital to the proper functioning of the IMMUNE system. Those are known facts. Diabetes is an auto-immune disease meaning, your body's immune system gets misguided messages. Thus, it starts attacking the islet cells in the pancreas which produces insulin. Voila...diabetes! But, the problem is NOT whether glyconutrition really works. Anecdotal evidence (market buzz!) is already overwhelming in favor of glyconutritional therapy for diabetes. As is the professional research. No…the actual science is NOT the problem. The problem is the old guard again. Thomas Kuhn's book is almost prophetic. The old guard, the medical and pharmaceutical establishment, just can't accept the findings of (their own) research… "What! A nutrient… to treat diabetes?" "Hogwash," one can almost hear them say. Actually, I wish they were saying that out loud. The reality is, they just ignore the issue. You see, too much is at stake. Like billions of dollars…uh…a $132 billion dollars. All of that money (read, "business") disappears if glyconutrition continues to "pan out" the way the research shows us. But, for now, the only thing "panning out" is a diabetes pandemic. Yet, glyconutrition gets shunned as an official diabetes treatment approach. A study published in the 1997 issue of the Proceedings of the Fisher Institute for Medical Research showed that people with type 1 diabetes who were given glyconutrients "…reported a dramatic improvement in their health, including a decrease in vision problems, better wound healing, less infections, and lower blood pressure." (Miracle Sugars, by Rita Elkins, M.H., Woodland Publishing, p. 26) "Glycobiology has achieved critical breakthroughs in the medical field, primarily by addressing what could be the greatest plague in health care today -- auto-immune diseases. Multiple sclerosis, arthritis, diabetes, Crohn's disease and colitis are just a few of these diseases." - Dr. Neecie Moore, Ph.D. (cf. Rita Elkins, M.H. Miracle Sugars, Woodland Publishing, p. 18.) Also, mannose (one glyconutrient) can stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin "…thus lowering the amount of insulin needed to control this disease." (Miracle Sugars, p. 27). Reality Check: The lives of 1 out of every 3 Americans are affected directly by diabetes and there is a $132 billion dollar diabetes pandemic running amuck in our midst. So, I sure hope this paradigm shift - glyconutrition - gets less opposition from the "powers that be" (the "old guard"), and is given its rightful place in the sun…soon. But, with the money being made by the pharmaceuticals and their drugs, and the astoundingly simplistic view of disease treatment ("Blast that disease with technology and drugs!") it is doubtful if Thomas Kuhn's "paradigm shift" will work out any differently for diabetes across the land. The old guard will attack and ignore the discovery - arguably, the greatest in medical history in over a hundred years - and, a la Kuhn, they will simply go the way of the Dodo Bird and diabetes treatment will receive its due. Dr. Robert Gamble is retired from a very successful medical/surgical career spanning three decades. He is now active in researching medical issues such as glyconutrition… and offers his insights for public benefit. For information about Glyconutrition: Go to or write Call Toll Free: 1866.735.5871 About Author: Dr Robert Gamble Article Source: Sunday, October 17, 2010 Are You Poisoning Yourself With What You Eat? by: Max I just received the results of my annual physical exam the other day. The doctor said that my cholesterol was too high. It was lower last year by 10 points! How can it be too high this year? Anyway he wanted to put me on drugs to get it lower. Now I’ve been reading a lot lately about cholesterol, what causes it, and how best to lower it. I decided I would try to find a way to lower it without the drugs. I knew that the drugs could possibly cause liver damage. GREAT, not what I wanted. Have you noticed all the side effects of almost any drug on the market? Scares me into trying to learn all I can and to find alternatives to the drugs. My research led me to trans fats. Just what are trans fats and where do they come from. Aren’t trans fats in any form bad for you? There is a difference between good trans fats and bad trans fats. The bad trans fats have been shown to cause heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, but there is some proof that the good trans fat can aid you in getting a leaner body, muscle building, and cancer determent. Over the last few years it has been stated in the news just how bad synthetic trans fats are for your health. These substances are some of the most offensive food additives and are found in the majority of all processed and fast foods on the market these days. In their degree of danger to your health, man-made trans fats are as bad as smoking. They are one of the major factors for the outbreak of heart disease since about the 1950’s. The FDA has required that food manufacturers list the grams of trans fat on all nutrition labels. You now have an easier way to avoid packages with trans fat included in them. I wanted to clear up some things, specifically about bad trans fats vs. good trans fats, with all of the talk about trans fats in the news. If you’ve never heard of good trans fats before, let me explain. The Good Trans Fats The good trans fats are all natural and they are healthy for you. Natural trans fats are produced in the stomachs of animals like cattle, and sheep and make their way into the fat reserves of the animals. Therefore, the milk fat and the fat within the meat of these animals can supply natural healthy trans fats. Natural trans fats in your diet have been thought to have some possible benefit to assist in both muscle building and fat loss attempts. However, keep in mind that the amount of healthy trans fats in the meat and dairy of animals is greatly lowered by their grain diets and methods of farming. Meat and dairy from grass-fed, free-range animals always have much higher amounts of these favorable fats. One trans fat is called conjugated linoleic acid and has been retailed by many weight loss companies. Keep in mind that these man-made CLA pills may not be the top way to get natural trans fats in your diet, because they are artificially made from plant oils. Once again, man-made just doesn’t compare to the benefits of natural sources. The Bad Trans Fats The bad trans fats are the man-made kind. Any artificially hydrogenated oils exemplify these. Margarine, shortening, and hydrogenated oils that are in most processed foods are the culprits. These hydrogenated oils are considerably processed using harsh chemical solvents like hexane (a component of gasoline), high heat, and pressure. They have a metal catalyst added, and are then deodorized and bleached. A small amount of the solvent is allowed to stay in the finished oil. Somehow the FDA still lets the food manufacturers put this in our food in vast quantities, even with the well-documented health dangers. These hydrogenated oils cause irritation internally, which signals cholesterol as a healing agent to be deposited on artery walls. Heart disease has blown out of proportion since this has been added to our food supply. Soon science will unveil how fatal these oils really are. Eventually they will be banned from use. The labeling laws were simply the first step. Some countries around the world have already banned the use of hydrogenated oils in food manufacturing. Most companies are replacing them, with highly refined polyunsaturated oils. These are still over processed oils using high heat, solvents, deodorizers, and bleaching agents. Even refined oils are known to yield irritation in your body...a far cry from natural sources of healthy fats. Your body will bless you as you avoid highly processed foods completely and choose whole, natural, minimally processed foods. Keep in mind that if an amount of trans fat is listed on a meat or dairy product, it is most likely the natural good trans fats that we’ve talked about here. Otherwise, if the quantity of trans fat is listed on any processed foods, it is most likely the hazardous unwholesome fat from artificially hydrogenated oils. Please stay away from these fats! Now that all of your labels should be listing grams of trans fat it will be easy to spot the bad trans fats. Stay away from any food that lists hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated oils as an ingredient. Your body will thank you for it. I hope you will use this information to arm yourself with more wholesome food choices for a healthier body. This was an intriguing look at good trans fat vs. bad trans fat that I hope you keep in mind while making food choices. About Author: Max Allen is devoted to helping you find the correct methods to help you get a leaner and healthier body without you going through all the fluff and garbage that is out there. Let me be your filter. Free training/nutrition ebook. Click here Article Source: Saturday, October 16, 2010 Diabetes - America’s Unknown Epedemic by: Tom Diabetes alters the way your body uses food. The food you eat turns to sugar. Your blood takes this sugar throughout your body. Insulin assists in getting the sugar from the blood into the body to provide the energy your body needs. With diabetes your body does not get the fuel it needs, and your blood sugar stays high. High blood sugar can cause heart and kidney problems, blindness, stroke, the loss of a foot or leg, or even death. However,you can manage diabetes. Be careful what you eat and get enough exercise, use medications wisely and check your blood sugar often. There are two types of Diabetes. Type 1 - The body does not produce any natural insulin. People with type 1 diabetes must take insulin every day to stay alive. Type 2 - The body does not make enough insulin, or use insulin well. The most prevalent type of diabetes is Type 2. There is no specific diet for people with diabetes. Work with your doctor to come up with a plan that works for you. You can continue to consume your favorite foods by watching size of the portions. The foods we eat are made up of: Carbohydrates (fruits, vegetables, breads, juices, milk, cereals and desserts) fats,protein,cholesterol, fiber (fruits, vegetables, beans, breads, and cereals). Carbohydrates are the the biggest factor and most responsible for raising your blood sugar. Reading the Nutrition Facts label provided on food packaging can help to determine the number of carbohydrates in each serving. You should be aware that most pre-packaged foods contain more than one serving. You can multiply the number of carbohydrates times five to determine the number of calories per serving. The resulting number suprises most people who don’t realize that they are consuming many more calories than they imagine. You must maintain an exercise program. Try to be active at least 30 minutes a day for 4-5 days of the week. Even moderate exercise helps your body’s insulin work better. It will also lower your blood sugar levels, blood pressure and your cholesterol. People with diabetes usually need to take medication or administer a shot of insulin each day. Be sure to follow the medications directions explicitly. Check with your your doctor or pharmacist and ask them what your medication does, when to take them, and if you can expect any side effects. Check Your Blood Sugar You can help prevent heart disease and stroke by controlling your blood sugarlevel, blood pressure, and cholesterol. Check your blood sugar using a glucose meter (home testing kit) available by prescription from your doctor. The glucose meter tells what level your blood sugar is so you can make intelligent choices about your diet, determining which foods to eat and which foods to avoid. Consult with your doctor about getting an A-1-C (A-onesee) blood test. This test measures blood sugar levels over 2-3 month period. Most people with diabetes do not notice any signs of the disease. It is estimated the there are over 3 million people in the USA with diabetes that are unaware they have the disease. Visit our website to keep up to date on news and information to help you with your diabetes. About Author: provides important information on managing and detecting diabetes. Visit our website at All About Diabetes Article Source: Friday, October 15, 2010 Diabetes Types, Better Diabetes Care by Dr. Mital John Type2 diabetes is more prevalent these days. According to an investigation proved that about 95% of cases were diagnosed with diabetes Type2. The cause of the development of this disease is a mystery. However, the experts came to a conclusion that this disease may be due to hereditary conditions, obesity and several other environmental factors. You should always ensure that the family members know about your diabetes so that according to that they can give you the necessary and needed support for this. It's going to be difficult to go through diabetes alone. In diabetes you must need the support and also support of loving family members and all your friends. So don't keep it away from them or try to do so. As the patient loses weight, the production of glucose by liver is slowed down. Insulin resistance comes down with the increase in the number of insulin receptors. The insulin action becomes more effective and the secretion of ß cells is increased. You need to reduce the amount of fat you have in your diet. Try to grill or roast foods and avoid fried foods. You should also use low-fat meals and spreads. In case you are overweight, you are at greater risk of developing diabetes. You need to reduce the amount of food that you intake. Start gradual reduction in their food and concentrate on weight loss. All you need to do is to drink a glass of water. You can also go for a sugar free drink before your meal, to reduce hunger pangs. Things to do for good diabetes care:- Just following a program cannot serve the purpose alone. You need to refrain from the things that aggravate the conditions of a diabetic patient. Here are some of them: * Check your feet every day for any cuts, blisters, sores, swelling, redness, or sore toenails. * Keep your eyes healthy by going for a complete eye examination once a month that includes using drops in your eyes to dilate the pupils? * Ensure that your general practitioner checks your urine for protein every year. * You must also check your blood at least once a year for checking the blood cretonne level. * Build up a healthy eating regimen with the help of your doctor or dietitian and follow it regularly. * Take your medicines timely and as directed. * Control your blood pressure and cholesterol. * Smoking and diabetes is a killer combination. Smoking can increase your risk for diabetes related problems. If you want a normal and healthy life then it is advisable that you quit smoking at all cost. By giving up on smoking, not only will your cholesterol and blood pressure improve, you will also lower the risk of other diseases like heart attack, stroke and kidney diseases. * Exercise is very important for health. However, if you have not been turned off to exercise later, try consulting your doctor. Try the exercise in moderation. You can also go for 15 minutes of light walk on a daily basis. This will prove to be a great exercise as a model for you. You may be interested in reading Natural Cure for Diabetes and Bitter Melon for Diabetes and Home Remedies for Diabetes Thursday, October 14, 2010 Honey and Diabetes - Is Honey Good for Diabetes Patients? by drandrewnapier Is honey good for diabetes patients? The straight answer is yes; honey is natural; brewed and cooked by bees; its heavy component is fructose and glucose making up over 80% and 18% water. Vitamins are plenty too; these are B6, niacin, thiamin, riboflavin and pantothenic acid as well as certain amino acids. The better part of honey is that compared to sugar, honey has invert sugar ready for uptake with ease; while commercial sugar has to be inverted, thus taxing the alimentary canal to a big extend. Have a look at the chemistry and physiological performance of each, it's amazing; honey is sweeter than sugar; it has more calories; one teaspoonful has about 65 while sugar has 45. Raw honey is rich as indicated above, with 180 different compounds that are of value to man; while sugar most of its contents remain sucrose nothing else. Antioxidants or antirust are found in honey which chemically remove free radicals in our bodies; at the moment, more research is on to determine what additional medical benefits are in store on this line. In short, honey is of medicinal value; it doesn't decompose; all forms of colds, flu etc can be handled well by honey plus diabetes and many more, which are yet to be researched. What else do I say upon ingestion honey gets converted to glycogen - animal starch - and stored in the liver (savings bank of glucose) without much ado; a situation no one has understood well. A good start regimen to follow when diabetic is 2 to 3 table spoonfuls in the morning with any escort, be it a fruit or a short touch of yogurt. A free wheeler can add one more spoonful with a snack in between meals. In the evening at bedtime, another one to two spoonfuls is adequate. It comes as no surprise to all and sundry; beginners inclusive to ward off any temptation to panic, guidance and support should be sort from health personnel to reinforce any illusion on the contrary. Illuminating reports suggest that, honey behavior has not been well understood in these insulin deficient fellows; no amount of it has proved disaster, if anything on all supplied cases, tolerance has been reported upon testing. All tests subjected to insulin deficient subjects, proved negative, negating the fundamental belief that honey is harmful to them. The suppositions are many to tie this presumption; bees suck the quintessence of a wide range of flower juices medicinal and the like I suppose adds something of their own to it via saliva or whatever, and manufactures honey. It's no wonder then, the belief is true, that honey fits into the curative diet of all diabetes, supplying remedies to the depleted organs. Find information on Diabetes Supplements. Also know useful Home Remedies for Diabetes. Wednesday, October 13, 2010 Moringa Oleifera for Diabetes by: Avon Diabetes is a disease that is characterized by problems involving the hormone insulin. In healthy people, the pancreas releases insulin; insulin then works to help the body use and store the fat and sugar that is derived from the food that people eat. With diabetes, insulin can be compromised in a couple of different ways. In some cases, the pancreas doesn't produce any insulin at all. Other times, the body does not react in the right way to insulin - this is known as "insulin resistance." Finally, diabetes is sometimes characterized by a pancreas that produces an insufficient volume of insulin. There are three main types of diabetes: • Type 1 diabetes • Type 2 diabetes • Gestational diabetes Moringa Oleifera is a nutrient plant that can help to maintain normal blood sugar levels. Moringa Oleifera holds so much promise for those who suffer from diabetes. This is primarily because of its many amazing, natural benefits. Moringa Oleifera has been shown to naturally boost the immune system, which usually becomes compromised in those who suffer from type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Moringa Oleifera has also been shown to possess many key anti-inflammatory benefits; diabetes often causes circulatory problems which can be managed through anti-inflammatory supplements. There are no negative side effects associated with Moringa Oleifera use, meaning that it is a safe, natural way for people to manage their blood sugar and care for their diabetes symptoms. It's just one more option for the many people who have to cope with this serious condition Moringa Oleifera as a rich source of ascorbic acid helps in insulin secretion. It is interesting to note that certain nutrients like vitamins B1, B2, B12, pantothenic acid, vitamin C, protein and potassium – along with small frequent meals containing some carbohydrate – can actually stimulate production of insulin within the body. A female of 50 years old suffering from Type I diabetes for about six years. Prior she was treated with insulin shots averaging three times per day for diabetes, and tested with the result of normal range only 75% of the time during the blood glucose tests. After 30 days of taking the Moringa oleifera , she experienced improvement in her diabetes, and now she averages only two shots of insulin per day and requires 50% less of the fast acting insulin and 25% less of the slow acting insulin. After this, she makes a routine of using Moringa oleifera and now the lady registers normal blood glucose levels 90% of the time, in all tests.. Grenera Nutrients is an integrated Moringa company that deals with everything from planting the oleifera trees to selling value added Moringa oleifera products. Yelixir is the flagship brand of our company. Since we control every part of the supply chain, all our products are 100% traceable. Our Moringa oleifera trees are grown organically without using any pesticides. We process the Moringa oleifera leaves and pods under hygienic conditions and using a special process, which helps the Moringa oleifera parts to retain maximum nutrients. Grenera Nutrients is contributing a lot for the research and application of Moringa oleifera in various fields and we are also investing to increase the awareness of Moringa to the general public. For further details and for the purchase of these value added Nutrient supplement visit For orders more than 50 USD we offer free shipping. Article Source: Tuesday, October 12, 2010 Diabetes Herbal Remedies - Do They Really Work? by drandrewnapier Diabetes is a scary disease, and will lead you to change your entire lifestyle. To treat it, you can resort to conventional medication and alternative remedies. This article emphasizes on the effectiveness of herbal remedies and supplements in lowering blood sugar levels. What is diabetes? We are diagnosed to have diabetes, when our body doesn't produce enough insulin, an hormone secreted by the pancreas, to properly use glucose, a simple form of sugar. Natural supplements, such as brewer's yeast or chromium, can be added to our regular diet. Another herbal treatment, is the Alpha Lipoic Acid, which can improve insulin sensitivity. Vitamins B, C, E, and magnesium can help people to reduce significantly damages to the eyes, nerves, and kidney problems. Studies on Ginseng, show that it can lower blood sugar in our body. Fenugreek, also helps lower blood sugar levels. But, research is not enough conclusive about the fact they can possibly treat diabetes. It is highly recommended to discuss with your doctor, about the drugs you are willing to use. There is a supplement with vitamin D, which can ameliorate insulin level. The herb, Nopal, can improve the kidney and liver's function. And the body will be able to better use insulin. The amino acid cyestine, should be avoided while breaking down insulin. You can also use a natural sweet plant, to cook your favourite meals. We can find the indian kino, which is a very ancient natural herb, proven to increase the pancreas regenerating cells. Blueberry leaves, contain myrtillin, which is recognized to improve insulin's sensitivity for several weeks. Beside those herbs, it exists several plant foods that you can try:Broccoli and other green vegetables, peas, and sauge. Weight loss and diabetes are linked, that's the reason why a lot of people try different alternative therapies, that help them loosing weight. They will choose for example, chitosan, germander, or minordica charanta. Chitosan is derived from seashells, and can improve weight loss, but available studies are still not encouraging. Germander and monardica charantia, have been the cause of serious liver, pulmonary, and kidney diseases. Type 1 diabetes patients, can use bitter melon or mimordica charantia to lower their blood sugar levels. But it is not recommended to use it by patients with hypoglycemia. Onion and garlic, are efficient to decrease blood sugar in the body. The onion is a good natural way to prevent insulin's damages. Gymnema sylvestre, increases the insulin's effects:500 mg of gymnema sylvestre extract daily. Cinnamon, improves the conversion of glucose to energy by twenty times, and it is an efficient way to fight free radicals. So, herbal treatments can offer an alternative solution to stabilize the diabetes illness, but consider them as a possible complement to a classical medication, and discuss about that with your physician. Find Diabetes Natural Treatment to control sugar level. Read information about Nightfall Treatment. Monday, October 11, 2010 Fruits for Diabetes - What Fruits Can A Diabetic Eat? by ryanmutt Diabetic is a chronic disease causing health complications. The complications are tingling and numbness appearing in feet and hands. These also include vision problems and kidney failure. Diabetes is a risk prone towards heart disease, high blood pressure and strokes. To control high glucose level, people with diabetes fail to produce sufficient insulin or no insulin. Type 1 diabetes is based on genetics and type 2 is on diet and fatness. People with type 1 diabetes face difficulties to prevent, people with type 2 try to manage by dieting and exercising. In macro sense, a good diet plan can help diabetes control the blood sugar levels. Fruits in a diet can naturally prevent diabetes. Colored fruits possess high anti-oxidant vitamins and fibers that let the blood sugar stabilize. It appears a false notion that diabetics should not have fruits. People with diabetes can have fiber- rich fruits including water million, strawberries, papaya, plums and muskmelon. These fruits can control blood sugar levels. Fresh lime supplies vitamins and minerals to the diabetics. On the contrary, fruit juices are to be restricted, because these contain much sugar. In diet plan, it is better to avoid juice because it raises the blood sugar level. Mango, custard apples, banana and grapes contain high sugar ingredients and these fruits should not be included in the fruits group. Therefore, dry fruits possess high level of fat, and condensed energy so that these cannot be included in fruits group. Dates, the dark- colored oval fruits are to be excluded from the list of fruits, as because dates are rich in calories and be avoided by the diabetics. However, dried dates provide calcium and iron. Hence, in moderation, diabetics may have apples, blueberries, cherries, kiwi fruit, pears, pineapples, mangoes, black currants. When you have 75 grams of any of these fruits, you will have 10 grams of carbohydrate. Similarly, to have 10 grams of carbohydrate, you have to consume 100 grams of guava, lemon, orange, papaya, peach, strawberries, or blackberries alternatively. One fifty grams of coconut meat, raspberries, or gooseberries can provide you ten grams of carbohydrate also. People with diabetics can adjust their fruits intake as per the requirement of the body. Fructose present in the fruits. Diabetics can have fruits like other healthy persons. The fruit, citrus contains manganese that is a useful ingredient for insulin. The western Ontario university has studied citrus possesses a flavonoid that contains insulin like properties. The flavonoid is also known as naringenin. Even though fruits are permissible to the diabetics patients, excessive consumption of fruits can let the blood sugar level increase. You have to check the portion of the fruits always. Moderate consumption of fruits can control your blood sugar level. Bitter melon is a traditional diabetic remedy in Far East. Bitter melon contains glucose absorption that increases insulin flow. It possesses insulin effectiveness also. Onion group can help the blood sugar control. Garlic, leek, onion, and scallion belong to onion group. Find Diabetes Natural Treatment to control sugar level. Find powerful Female Libido Enhancer to boost your lovemaking performance. Sunday, October 10, 2010 Exercise Can Reduce Risks Of Diabetes by Alex Smith Photo: Exercise Can Reduce Risks Of Diabetes Go to for a cardio workout that doesn't need gyms, fancy machines, or even make you run a single step. About the Author: If you want to be able to do your cardio workouts anywhere you want, dumbbell workouts just might be your answer. Saturday, October 9, 2010 Seven Symptoms That Your Child Might Have Diabetes Being a parent, your child is your number one priority. There are countless well-known childhood illnesses/ diseases that most parents are on the lookout for, but one severe disease that affects approximately 13,000 United States children a year is diabetes, which is often overlooked. Diabetes is a disease that causes the child's body not to produce insulin, making them have too much sugar in their blood. Knowing these symptoms of diabetes is very important and could ultimately save your child's life. 2. URINATING MORE FREQUENTLY: Kids with diabetes urinate more frequently. Because they are drinking a lot more water, they will need to use the bathroom more often than normal. They might be going to the bathroom more often during the night. If your child usually doesn't wet the bed, and now all of a sudden they do, that also might be a sign. 3. IRRITABILITYAND MOOD CHANGES: Irritability and mood changes occur a lot in kids. When their body doesn't have enough sugar, their body tries to take all the sugar that it has and move it through certain areas of the brain. This makes their sugar level go up and down, making them moody. 4. ABRUPT WEIGHT LOSS: Abrupt weight loss will also happen. Their bodies are trying to get energy from any place they can when they don't have enough sugar in their body to supply it. This causes the body to use up any fat it has stored to get that energy. This causes them to lose a lot of weight very suddenly. When the body doesn't receive the sugar it needs, their muscle tissue and cells begin to reduce in size, causing their weight to go down. Expelling the fluids out of their body makes them lose weight. 7. BLURRED VISION: Having blurred vision is a frequent symptom of diabetes in kids. Once again, since the body doesn't have enough sugar it pulls it from anywhere it can get it. So, the fluid in the lens of their eyes could be pulled out. This may affect their ability to see clearly, thus causing them to have blurry vision. More information on diabetes, diabetes diet plans and necessary diabetic supplies can be found at MiniPharmacy Diabetic Supplies. Frank Buddenbrock, based in Los Angeles, California, is a writer and Search Engine Optimization genius. His company, SEO Einstein, consistently gets his clients onto Google's first page for major keywords. Friday, October 8, 2010 Diabetes Causes and Prevention for Your Healthy Long Life by drandrewnapier Diabetes is a disease which cannot be cured and it is a serious and lifelong disease. We cannot cure it completely but if the level of blood sugar is controlled completely then complications of this disease can be prevented or delayed. Diabetes is a disease which prevents our body from properly converting foods into the energy which is required for our daily activity. When we eat something our body changes most of the food into a form of the sugar called glucose. For our body it is the main source of fuel. The presence of insulin is necessary for the glucose to get into cells. If our body does not make enough insulin then the glucose can't get into our cells and remains in our blood only. When the level of glucose in the blood gets too high then it results into diabetes. Over the years when the level of blood glucose remains high in the blood it damage nerves and blood cells. This condition leads to different types of complications like heart disease and stroke, kidney disease, blindness, nerve damage, gum infections and lower limb amputation. There are mainly three forms of diabetes - type 1, type 2 and gestational. Type1 diabetes is related with genetic factors and environment factors like viruses etc. The most common form of diabetes is type 2 that is linked with obesity, high blood pressure, high levels of bad cholesterol known as triglycerides and low levels of good cholesterol known as high density lipoprotein (HDL). In this condition usually the pancreas produces some insulin but not as much as required and gradually it goes on decreasing. There are some preventive measures which must be taken to avoid diabetes - 1. You must maintain your body weight to be an ideal. For this it is must to do regular exercises. It is very necessary for a diabetic person to remain physically fit if it is possible. Exercises which are related with heart and lungs help the person to reduce the level of blood glucose which causes diabetes. 2. Proper medication and opinion of a doctor is also essential for a diabetic people. 3. A diabetic must follow a strict diet program. If diet is not proper of a diabetic people then there may be increase level of sugar. If a person is overweight then it is recommended to lose weight. There are many preventive measures which can be adopted with proper awareness and information. The most important things for diabetic person are healthy diet and regular exercise.
Mobile Phones as Backup in a Health and Safety Incident It will be virtually impossible to reduce the probability of an accident taking place all the way down to zero percent. Even with all of the health and safety training and safety procedures imaginable, in the vast majority of circumstances the likelihood will only be reduced rather than eliminated. This is because everything in life and a workplace has a potential for causing harm. Even those object/substances which are not considered hazardous to health at all could still kill in a high enough concentration or volume such as drinking too much water for example. As a result, those companies which have rigorous safety controls, accident prevention systems in place and regularly provide thorough health and safety training to their employees still need to recognise the importance of having provisions in place should an accident or incident come to pass. Telephoning the Emergency Services One of the first things which needs to be done whenever an incident occurs that warrants it is to telephone the emergency services for an ambulance. A person's life or successful recovery may depend upon the time it takes for them to receive medical attention, so not only is it important to have qualified first aiders on site to provide assistance before the ambulance arrives to take the person to hospital, but it is crucial to call the emergency services as speedily as possible. As part of the emergency plan, health and safety managers need to take into account how the emergency services will be alerted, and is usually considered when thinking about possible issues such as not having lone workers working in high risk areas/activities so that there is always somebody else to call for help should a person get into difficulties. In decades gone by, the only way to do this was through a landline telephone, and many emergency calls are still made on landlines. However, it should be considered that in an incident such as a serious fire or explosion, that either the telephone cable could be damaged - thus rendering the telephone out of action - or that people may not be able to get into the room where the telephone is situated. To combat this threat, it would be a good idea for a company to have mobile phones available which could be used in the event of an emergency when an individual is unable to use or get to a landline phone. Although a lot of workers are allowed to have theirs with them at work, many organisations do not allow their employees to have their phones with them during working hours. This is either from a productivity point of view, to prevent time wasting through texting friends, playing games or browsing social media accounts on them, or because the phone itself can cause a danger in their particular working environment (more on this described below). Having mobile phones situated at various points around the site would provide an extra layer of security in terms of there being some way of calling the emergency services no matter what the situation. Potential Issues with Mobile Phones There are however a couple of issues regarding the use of mobile phones for contacting the emergency services. One is that, amazingly, network coverage and signal strength are still patchy in the United Kingdom despite the technology being around for about a quarter of a century, with many rural locations (and even some built-up areas) suffering from this problem. If a person cannot get a signal when they need to make the call, then the mobile phone will be useless. Secondly, as alluded to earlier, there will be some places of work where mobile phones can interfere with equipment or cause a potential incident themselves, and so are banned from the workplace. Examples of these include hospitals where the signal could interfere with medical equipment, and places such as petrol stations or chemical plants where the electromagnetic signal could cause an explosion/fire. Need an Accredited Course?
What are the methods of categorizing typefaces, Other Subject (a) The client is the person or the organization for whom you are preparing a document. List five main items you need to consider when dealing with clients. (b) Establishing a budget for your client before you start will set limitations for your design and printing. List four areas that can affect a budget. (c) When communicating with clients, you can easily misunderstand and be misunderstood. What are the four practices to ensure that you are meeting the client's needs? (d) When dealing with audience, the needs and interests vary such that different groups may have different needs or be attracted to different types of design. Describe how would you choose your design for a business audience? (e) Images will create a mood, set a scene, evoke an era or place. List 3 types of images. (f) Define Typeface. (g) What are the methods of categorizing typefaces? Posted Date: 11/25/2013 12:12:13 AM \| Location : United States Related Discussions:- What are the methods of categorizing typefaces, Assignment Help, Ask Question on What are the methods of categorizing typefaces, Get Answer, Expert's Help, What are the methods of categorizing typefaces Discussions Write discussion on What are the methods of categorizing typefaces Your posts are moderated Related Questions How have communities such as Atlantic City on the Jersy Shore changed over time? Pretend you are faced with the situation as it was in 1990, prior to the decision to set up NHS Supplies, and you have been asked by the NHS to help it to improve its performance b Question: (a) Explain carefully the biological and physical aspects of ageing and explain the impact of these factors on the ageing individual. (b) Show the age-specific pro QUESTION 1 Change is a complex process and people involved in change management need to consider several key areas such as stakeholders, goals, and Identify and describe the ot Mention the Aims of Education in present scenario. in 250 words What is Baroque Art? In fine art, the term Baroque (derived from the Portuguese 'barocco' meaning, 'irregular pearl or stone') define a rather complex idiom, originating in Rom Question 1: (a) Describe deviant workplace behaviour and give three examples of such behaviour. (b) Explain the types of deviances as stated by Bennet and Robinson. (c) Show Implementations- Cryptographic modules which realize this standard shall conform to the necessities of FIPS 140-1. The algorithm specific in this standard may be implemented i
Prehistoric Funerary and Ritual Sites in Southeast Wales Bronze Age Barrows The Glamorgan-Gwent Archaeological Trust Ltd. For a technical description of how the work for this project was carried out click on the link below. Technical Report Download a pdf version of the Prehistoric Funerary and Ritual Sites in Southeast Wales report. In the Bronze Age, the old chambered tombs were completely abandoned for burial, which now took place in Round Barrows and Cairns. Ways of thinking about the dead seem to have completely changed since, rather than their skeletons being broken up after death, they were now buried in a single operation, either as they were, or after having been cremated. Most complete skeletons were buried in a crouched position. Cremations were usually enclosed in a pottery urn, and the dead person might have jewellery, weapons, tools or pottery buried with him or her. Sometimes there was more than one cremation in the same urn, or more than one skeleton might be buried in the same grave. Most barrows now appear as rather unexciting mounds of earth, and many have been ploughed almost flat. However, a number of barrows were excavated at the beginning of the Second World War by Sir Cyril Fox of the National Museum and Gallery of Wales, and he was able to show how they were built. Although there was again a lot of variation between individual examples, there was usually a burial in the middle, either in a cist made from slabs of stone which were small in comparison with those used in the chambered tombs, or in a pit cut into the underlying bedrock. A couple of the barrows had a small empty pit in the middle instead. Over this, there might to a small cairn of stones or a stack of turves. In some barrows, rings of stones (kerbs) or wooden stakes were set around the central burial before it was covered by a mound of earth, earth and stones, or earth and turf. Most barrows were then used for other burials; these were either inserted into holes dug into the mound, or were made alongside the original mound which was then extended to cover them. A few barrows were surrounded by ditches, but this has been proved at only a few sites. In the uplands, where there was little soil, the mounds more often took the form of cairns, constructed of stones. Some of these also have stone kerbs and cists.
File Systems File Systems (alphabetical order) Some definitions and general technology A lot of emphasis has been placed on peaceful coexistence between Unix and Windows. The Usenix Association has even created an annual conference (LISA/NT--July 14-17, 1999) around this theme. Unfortunately, the two systems come from very different cultures and they have difficulty getting along without mediation. ...and that, of course, is Samba's job. Samba runs on Unix (and Linux) platforms, but speaks to Windows clients like a native. It allows a Unix system to move into a Windows "Network Neighborhood" without causing a stir. Windows users can happily access file and print services without knowing or caring that those services are being offered by a Unix host. Samba is an open source CIFS implementation (see also this site), and is available for free from the http://samba.org/ mirror sites. back to IT stuff What does it do? Well, it provides that "interface" between Unix/Linux machines and Windows NT. This is achieved by 2 key programs (and several others): smbd (SMB deamon) and nmbd. Together they provide the main services of the CIFS: - File & Print services: the smbd is responsible for that. - Authentication and authorization: the smbd again, deviding between "share mode" and "user mode" (each user with own password) authentication and authorization. This is an important topic, as the Windows-way of authentication is unlike the linux/unix way, and Microsoft had their code protected. With v2, Samba introduced the first non-Microsoft-derived NT Domain authentication code. The eventual Samba goal is to completely mimic a Windows NT Domain Controller. - Name resolution: taken care of by the nmbd, involve the management of lists of NetBIOS names. Name resolution can be implemented via broadcasts, or the NBNS server (NetBIOS Name Service, commonly know as WINS) - Service announcement (aka browsing): also via the nmbd, involve the management and distribution of lists of NetBIOS names. This uses the LMB (Local Master Browser), its job is to keep a list of available services, and it is this list that appears when you click on the Windows "Network Neighbourhood" icon. The Domain Master browser coordinate browse lists across NT Domains, even on routed networks. Point for imporvement is the synchronization times (which can take up to an hour to get the correct list built). - Other commonly used utilities: 1. the smbclient, which is a simple SMB client with an interface similar to that of the FTP utility. It can be used from a Unix system to connect to a remote SMB share, transfer files, and send files to remote print shares (printers); 2. nmblookup, a NetBIOS name service client. Nmblookup can be used to find NetBIOS names on a network, lookup their IP addresses, and query a remote machine for the list of names the machine believes it ownes; 3. swat, an acronym for the Samba Web Administration Tool. Swat allows you to configure Samba remotely, using a web browser. back to IT stuff How it works As the name already suggests, Samba uses SMB, the Server Message Block, is a protocol for sharing files, printers, serial ports, and communications abstractions such as named pipes and mail slots between computers. The Server Message Block SMB is a client-server request-response presentation layer protocol (REQ from client). The only exception to the request-response nature is when the client has requested opportunistic locks (oplocks) and the server subsequently has to break an already granted oplock because another client has requested a file open with a mode that is incompatible with the granted oplock. In this case, the server sends an unsolicited message to the client signalling the oplock break. Ok, the "normal operations". When you copy or move a file, the negotiated SMB size is different. The block size depends on a number of factors including: • Whether Windows NT Explorer or an MS-DOS command prompt is used to issue the command. • Which direction the file is being moved or copied to (that is, copying a file from your computer to another computer versus your computer copying a file from another computer back to your own computer.) When you use Windows NT Explorer to copy a file from the client to a remote computer, data is typically transfered in Core mode in 4 KB blocks (a long distance ChangeNotify call is triggered. This call goes over the network. This call also prevents getting exclusive use of the VC to copy the file). When you use Windows NT Explorer to copy a file from the remote computer back to the client, data is typically transfered in Raw mode in 60 KB blocks (the ChangeNotify call is still triggered, but it's now a local call. So the call is not sent over the wire, therefore, the copy operation gets exclusive use of the VC.). But, when you use an MS-DOS command prompt command to copy a file in either direction, data is generally transfered in Raw mode (ChangeNotify is not called ion that caser). Because Raw mode typically uses a 60-64 KB transfer rate, and Core mode typically uses 4 KB, a Raw-mode transfer is faster. From the specifications for Core versus Raw mode data transfers the following: the Windows NT redirector has the some requirements for performing raw mode I/O, all of which must be satisfied for raw mode I/O to occur. 1. The Server Message Block (SMB) protocol negotiated between the client and server must support Raw mode; 2. The server must be configured to support Raw mode; 3. The client redirector must be configured to allow Raw mode; 4. No other SMB requests are pending on the same Virtual Circuit (VC); 5. The I/O is not on a blocking named pipe; 6. For a READ request: the requested data size is equal to or greater than 2 times the currently configured request buffer size, and the read offset is not past the redirector's currently configured end-of-file; 7. For a WRITE request: the requested data size is equal to or greater than 1.5 times the currently configured request buffer size, and the write offset is not more than approximately 1 MB past the current end-of-file; 8. The I/O is to take no longer than 5 seconds to complete. The sole Core Mode Data Transfer requirement is the size of data blocks transferred. The default of 4Kb can be modified using the registry parameter HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services \LanmanServer\Parameters on the remote server side. Network communication On the network it can use TCP/IP (NBT, specified in RFC1001 and RFC1002), NetBEUI or IPX/SPX as a communications protocol. (See Figure 1.) Figure 1. SMB and related protocols in a scheme in accordance with the OSI model. source: http://anu.samba.org/cifs/docs/what-is-smb.html Each server broadcasts information about its presence. Clients listen for these broadcasts and build up browse lists. In a NetBEUI environment, this is satisfactory, but in a TCP/IP environment, problems arise. The problems exist because TCP/IP broadcasts are not usually sent outside the subnet in which they originate (although some routers can selectively transport broadcasts to other subnets). Microsoft have introduced browse servers and the Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) to help overcome these problems. The session setup commands are shown in the next 3 pictures (Figure 2.). The protocol elements (requests and responses) that clients and servers exchange are called SMBs. They have a specific format that is very similar for both requests and responses. Each consists of a fixed size header portion, followed by a variable sized parameter and data portion. There are four steps that the client and server must complete in order to establish a connection to a resource: establish a virtual connection - negotiate the protocol variant to speak - set session parameters - make a tree connection to a resource (read more if you like, I don't feel like copy-and-paste text too much). After connecting at the NetBIOS level, either via NBF, NetBT, etc, the client is ready to request services from the server. However, the client and server must first identify which protocol variant they each understand. The client sends a negprot SMB to the server, listing the protocol dialects that it understands. The server responds with the index of the dialect that it wants to use, or 0xFFFF if none of the dialects was acceptable. Dialects more recent than the Core and CorePlus protocols supply information in the negprot response to indicate their capabilities (max buffer size, canonical file names, etc). Once a protocol has been established. The client can proceed to logon to the server, if required. They do this with a sesssetupX SMB. The response indicates whether or not they have supplied a valid username password pair and if so, can provide additional information. One of the most important aspects of the response is the UID of the logged on user. This UID must be submitted with all subsequent SMBs on that connection to the server. Once the client has logged on (and in older protocols-Core and CorePlus-you cannot logon), the client can proceed to connect to a tree. The client sends a tcon or tconX SMB specifying the network name of the share that they wish to connect to, and if all is kosher, the server responds with a TID that the client will use in all future SMBs relating to that share. Figure 2. SMB client-server session semantics. Having connected to a tree, the client can now open a file with an open SMB, followed by reading it with read SMBs, writing it with write SMBs, and closing it with close SMBs. Security Aspects The component of Samba dealing with the security aspects, and more specific the differences in security between unix-like OSs and NT, is Winbind.Before Winbind, users had to be created ont he NT as well as the unix machine, with the according synchronization problems, overhead etc. The unified logon problem for Unix can be divided into three smaller problems to be solved: 1) obtaining NT user and group information 2) authenticating NT users and 3) password changing for NT users. Winbind unifies unix and nT account management by allowing a unix box to become a member of the NT domain. It asks the PDC to do the lookup on a low level via the NSS name resolution modules in hte C library. The implementation is as follows. Winbind runs as a deamon waiting for requests (client/server-model). These requests are generated by the NSS and PAM clients. - MSRPCs, Microsoft RPCs, are used to enumerate and authenticate domain users and groups and to obtain detailed infromation about individual users and groups (and may change their password). - NSS. The Name Service Switch is present in many unix(-like) systems and can resolve information like hostnames, mail aliasses etc. from different sources. - PAM is the abbreviation for Pluggable Authentication Module and important for defining the authentication and authorization. - User and group ID allocation. Winbind takes care of the conversion of RIDs to Unix ID numbers and vice versa. (RID is the relative identifier of a user or group created in NT). The results of all this mapping is stored persistemntly in a tdb database. - Result caching. To reduce the network cost of all the lookups, winbind uses a caching scheme based on the SAM sequence number supplied by NT domain controllers. If the sequence numbers don't mach, an update is requested from the PDC. back to IT stuff As it is Microsoft's intention to move from NT to Win2K, it will be necessary to make Samba compatible with the win2K. Some of those aspects of investigation are the following: CIFS Without NetBIOS: Microsoft will attempt to decouple CIFS and NetBIOS. NetBIOS won't go away, but it won't be required for CIFS networking either. Instead, the SMB protocol will be carried natively over TCP/IP. Name lookups occur via the DNS. Dynamic DNS: Microsoft will implement Dynamic DNS, which allows names to be added to a DNS server on-the-fly. Kerberos V: Kerberos V authentication + authorization is used with Win2k. See Windows 2000 Kerberos Authentication for more detail. Active Directory: The Active Directory appears to be at the heart of Windows 2000 networking. It is likely that legacy NetBIOS services will register their names in the Active Directory. Hierarchical NT Domains: Instead of isolated Domain Controllers, the Domain system in w Win2K network is hierarchical. The naming system is similar to that of the DNS. References and more information Samba: An Introduction SMB info Microsoft KB article Q223140 Using Samba, Robert Eckstein, David Collier-Brown and Peter Kelly Winbind, Unified logons between windows NT and Unix. Doing the NIS/NT Samba An Introduction to SMB/CIFS
When Sharing is Not Sharing: Wait, Reflect and Protect When toddlers and very young children get together to play, one of the things that often happens is that two or more children become interested in the same toy. Many parents and caregivers feel that this is the time to teach our children about sharing. So the adults might insist that one child give the toy to another child, or that they take turns and exchange the toy after a short specified time. If the child does not readily comply the adult will physically take the toy from them. But does this really teach “sharing?” If you mean sharing in the sense that one gives something to another person because they recognize the other person wants it and they understand that desire and seek to please the other person, then NO, that is not what is being taught by adults taking a toy from one child to give it to another. What is being taught is that if you are big and strong enough you can take things away from others and choose who to give them to. Also, if you scream and cry enough someone might take what you want from someone else and give it to you. So what can we do instead in these situations? Wait, reflect and protect. Wait to see if the children can work this out together. If no one is in danger of getting hurt let them express their feelings and needs to one another. We want to allow children to find solutions to their own problems, rather than looking to us every time something isn’t going their way. You will appreciate that they have this skill when they get older. Reflect, especially with pre-verbal children it can help to simply reflect what you see is happening, i.e. “Kylie has the ball. Cole wants the ball. Cole is upset.” Etc… Be careful not to project on to the situation. Avoid saying Cole is sad, when in fact Cole might be angry or hurt. We don’t know, only Cole knows. It’s also important not to choose sides. It is easy for us to identify with the “victim” and put a little extra sympathy in our tone when we are saying Cole is upset. This only serves to make the other child feel shamed, or ganged up on. It also makes it seem like being a "victim" is a good thing -- after all you get a little extra love and attention -- and that is something we never want to do. Lastly, but most important, we always protect. If it looks like these conflicts might escalate into something physical where someone could get hurt, it is imperative to be close by and be able to stop any such actions. Not only do we want to keep everyone safe but it's a matter of trust. When we approach conflict like this with children we are basically making a deal. We are saying "I'm going to trust you guys to work it out your own way, and you trust me to keep you safe." For this to work they must believe we will keep our part of the bargain. Conflict is something our children will have to face their whole lives. Yes we need to help them learn how to deal with conflict, but taking every situation out of their hands does not serve to empower them to deal with challenging situations, it only teaches them to look to someone else to solve their problems. Children will eventually develop sufficiently so that they can empathize. Most research shows that children aren’t fully capable of that until they are three years old or so. At that point they get that other people have feelings, and that they can make someone else feel better by sharing with them. Until that time, “sharing” doesn’t mean experiencing the genuine joy that comes through helping others, it just means being forced by an adult. And being forced can cause resentment. The more a child chooses to share on their own, the more they will experience the self satisfaction that comes with it, and in turn will choose to do it more, allowing the child to develop into a genuinely selfless and kind person. After all that is what we are trying to “teach,” isn’t it?
Is Trinidad and Tobago a Nation Only available on StudyMode • Download(s) : 41 • Published : February 26, 2013 Open Document Text Preview Trinidad and Tobago is a country comprising two main islands, with Trinidad being the larger of the two. The islands lie just off the coast of Venezuela in South America. With a population of approximately 1.2 million, the country is 155th most populated state in the world. Before we can properly evaluate whether Trinidad and Tobago is indeed a nation or not we firstly need to clarify what defines a nation. A nation is by definition is a large scale solidarity, constituted by the feeling of sacrifices that one has made in the past and of those that one is prepared to make in the future (Ernest Renan, 1988, What is a Nation). A nation does not have any interest in holding another country against its will. The terms nation, state, country and nation-state are used to refer to political, economic, social and cultural actors in the international system. The modern nation-state refers to a single or multiple nationalities joined together in a formal political union. The nation-state determines an official language, a system of law, manages a currency system, uses a bureaucracy to order elements of society, and fosters loyalties to abstract entities like Canada, the United States, and so on. A nation-state differs from a "state" or a "nation" for a couple of important reasons. A nation refers only to a socio-cultural entity, a union of people sharing who can identify culturally and linguistically. This concept does not necessarily consider formal political unions. While, a state on the other hand refers to a legal/political entity that is comprised of a permanent population, a defined territory, a government and the capacity to enter into relations with other states. This distinction is an important one because we, as political scientists, must be able to account for both political and socio-cultural factors in a political entity. Using the term nation-state permits this investigation. A state has absolute power and agrees not to interfere in the affairs of another... tracking img
Human Rights Custom User Avatar More by this author In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks on the USA, “the US administration betrayed the cause of the protection of basic human rights and fundamental freedoms in the name of national security and counterterrorism.” (Ramsay 2006) The US did this through the torture of many ‘terror suspects’ and also portrayed in the photos taken from gaol’s in Iraq with the American soldiers standing with pyramids of naked prisoners as their ‘prize’. This is an example of how at the moment Human Rights are treated as being different depending on your culture and ethical differences. The US are a nation that has pushed for human rights to be universal in the past, and through trying to achieve some of the basic human rights for people in their own country and others has violated them themselves. Through the use of Guantanamo Bay where ‘terror suspects’ can be kept unconditionally and be tortured to try and get information, Bagram Air Base in Afghanistan and Abu Ghraib in Iraq the US violates a multitude of basic human rights, and does not comply with the Convention Against Torture and other cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. The conventions defines the term torture and bans torture absolutely “No exceptional circumstances whatsoever, whether a state of war, internal political instability or any kind of public emergency, must be invoked as a justification for torture” (UN, 1994) Even with these conventions and the UN and other non-governmental organisations, nations are allowed to do what they want because of State Sovereignty and a lack of political will from other countries around the world to stop these human rights violations, and a lack of political will to make human rights universal and not based on cultural and ethical views and beliefs. A Case in Suadi Arabia in 1996 where 2 British nurses were arrested for the murder of an Australian colleague, and eventually sentenced to death for one and flogging for the other, is a prime example of how an inherent legal system that has been passed down in Saudi by the Sharia, the body of Islamic religious law, violates Human Rights. In this case, the sentences were not followed through with because the women were British and there is a clause in the Saudi legal system to prevent Westerners being punished under the Saudi regime (Pennell, 2006). However these are the sentences that the Saudi people are subjected to and they are clear violations of Human Rights and although “the Saudi government defended its legal system by asserting a different frame-work of rights, legitimized by the Sharia, and claimed that the imposition of western cultural values onto an Islamic society denied its cultural and religious identity” (Pennell, 2006) the Human Rights outlined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights are basic rights that have been documented as far back as the Bible in Christianity and the Qur’an such as “everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person” (UN, 1948). These rights outlined should therefore be accepted by all nations including those of deep religious beliefs because they are rights with which most people can relate and are not unfair. State sovereignty means that any nation state can refuse to abide by international law, and no nation state has to sign to any treaties or agreements if they do not feel inclined to. This means that any nation can do as they please, and the UN will only intervene if asked by the government of the nation or if it is deemed that International peace is at risk. In many cases where human rights are being violated, the world is powerless to stop these violations of basic human rights due to lack of political will and state sovereignty. An example of this was in Rwanda when a mass genocide and violation of Human Rights occurred and the UN and major western powers did not act quickly enough or in the right way to prevent these attacks. “The international community did not reinforce the existing UNAMIR mission in the first weeks of the genocide. Instead, the UN Security Council chose to draw down its modest force to near irrelevance after the death of ten Belgian troops” (Brunk 2008) So instead of increasing troops when there was evidence of unrest and the death of UN troops the UN decreased its status. Then again when the attacks did occur the UN and the major western powers did not react quickly enough and meant that the Hutus were able to undertake the attempted genocide of the Tutsis. The lack of political will in this case stopped the ability to have universal Human Rights sustained, however if different cultural positions were considered when Human Rights are in question, acts like this would be allowed to go ahead completely and no intervention would be taken. Sudan was in a way, a repeat of the Rwandan crisis when in late 2003, fighting had been allowed to go on for a year with limited response by the UN and western nations. In march 2003 the Office of the High Commission for Human Rights reported an “ostensible effort by the Sudan government to purge Darfur of African tribes” (Brunk, 2008) and even after this the international and the UN response was weak and it wasn’t until December 2003 that the issues in Sudan were addressed. Even though all throughout 2003 there were clear Human Rights violations as noticed and stated by the High Commission for Human Rights. Even in NGO circles there was not a great deal of urgency when Sudan was concerned expected to be because of the restrictions the Sudanese government placed on foreign journalists and NGO workers. “Early investigative efforts by the few international NGOs aware of the crisis were frequently thwarted by the Sudanese government’s travel and visa restrictions” (Brunk, 2008) these restrictions impeded any investigations, and organisations such as Human Rights Watch did not even report on the situation until March 2004. This was due to state sovereignty which meant that no organisations, or other nations or the UN could get into Sudan to check on the Human Rights violations that were occurring. Is membership in a community the source of basic rights, or is an individual invested with all basic rights by the mere fact of being a member of the human species. Article 2 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states, “everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.” (UN, 1948) The cases set out above show that even though this has been stated in this Declaration it is not followed, and it is hard to ‘enforce’ a view of Human Rights on nation states such as Saudi Arabia who have their own beliefs. Disagreeing with the Delaration are communitarians who “consider that individual rights are constructed within specific communities defining rights and duties of their members in particular ways. According to such a view, the main function of rights is to maintain links between members of a community and to preserve their lifestyle.” (Eisgruber, Sajo, 2005 pp 85) This view of rights says that Human Rights cannot be forced on anyone and they are not something which is inherent to everyone at birth, rather something that people make and share when they are forming communities. The concept of jus cogens however suggests that everyone has inherent rights and this concept is used in law making and law enforcing in cases of genocide and slave trading and use of slaves. Jus cogens suggests that there is a “body of ‘higher law’ of overriding importance” (Danilenko) that everyone needs to abide by. The concept of jus cogens fits in with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, saying that everyone deserves Human Rights, and that they should be Universal. When considering having universal Human Rights it needs to be considered whether ‘forcing’ these rights on nations that have a different cultural or ethical belief system is the right thing to do. And if doing so how it would be done, “here, it becomes, in part, a question for the adopting culture whether the benefits outweigh the disadvantages.” “Intellectual persuasion, as a means of extending human rights, is, of course, the feature that intellectuals have an understandable tendancy to emphasize.” “Intellectual roots of changing cultural concepts can hardly be underestimated” (Eisgruber, Sajo, 2005 pp 8, 9). To change the cultural concepts of nations that do not agree with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a tough feat, but should be what happens. Human Rights should be universal to create a better world to live in for all humans. If cultural and ethical positions are taken into consideration more acts of genocide and inhuman killings will occur. In today’s society where Human Rights are trying to be achieved universally situations arise where genocide occurs or nations still have death penalties or floggings as punishments which are clear violations of Human Rights. Other circumstances stop Human Rights from achieving universal status including political will and sovereignty because as discussed, these can stop the UN and other forces from stopping cases of Human Rights violations such as the Rwanda and Sudan genocides. Post a Comment Be the first to comment on this article! bRealTime banner ad on the left side Site Feedback
The 13th Century 1215- King John was forced to approve the Magna Carta, much against his will. Richard and Gilbert where two of 25 barons allotted the job of keeping the King to his promises. But the peace that followed the sealing of Magna Carta, in June 1215, was to last just 10 weeks before John was on the warpath again. John got Rome to denounce the rebel-lious barons, including the de Clares, and brought in a band or foreign mercenaries to help him wreak his revenge. Just five months after he had put his name to England's great human rights pledge, he attacked and seized Tonbridge Castle and held it until his death the following year. It was returned in due coarse by his son, King Henry \|\|\|, with whose army Gilbert died fighting in France. 1230- Now in 1230, the scene was set for another argument with Canterbury. As Gilbert was dead, his son, another Richard was due to take over at Tonbridge but he was just eight years old. King Henry therefore made Hubert de Burgh {Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports} protector of the castle, the town, the land and the little boy. The arch bishop Whetheshed was definitely not amused. He protested to the King and so did Arch-bishop Becket. It was 60 years earlier that Tonbridge came under his power. The King replied 'on the contrary,' the vacant trust of his earls, barons and their under-age heirs came under crown control he could therefore do what he liked with them. Next Page Back to Timeline
Tuesday, June 24, 2008 Put a Price on Global Warming Pollution People take action when prices increase. With rising gasoline prices, people react by driving less, using more mass transit, carpooling, biking and moving from over-sized SUV's to smaller, fuel-efficient cars and gas-electric hybrids. In response to public demand to use less gasoline and save money, U.S. automakers are finally taking action to increase the fuel efficiency of their fleet. Suddenly, GM plans to close four SUV and truck plants, increase production of compact and mid-size sedans, and offer an electric hybrid in 2010. Now that's rapid change that will reduce global warming pollution and help stabilize the climate. [click image to enlarge] Utility, coal and oil companies will also take action on global warming pollution when they have to pay for it. As long as polluting the air is free, they will continue to spew out global warming pollution and other pollutants that negatively affect the health of people and the planet. Putting a price on polluting the air is the only way to stop it. When the government enacts a sufficiently high price for polluting the air, pollution will go down. Investments will then move toward alternative energy sources that don't pollute the air. It's time to put a price on carbon emissions that cause global warming and climate change. Scientists recommend emission cuts of 80% by 2050. To achieve this target, companies that profit by polluting our air must pay. New legislation is being proposed that will help compensate consumers for increases in energy costs and facilitate the transition to clean energy sources. No comments:
Ethical Awareness - Ethical dilemma Essay Example Ethics could be defined as the moral philosophy, which tackles the concepts of right and wrong - Ethical Awareness introduction. In the field of philosophy, ethics is concerned in the defending and recommending of one’s behavior (“Ethics 2006”). Meanwhile, in the case of organizations, ethics enables an organization member to come up with sound and mature decisions. Ethical awareness, meanwhile, is a vital factor in the success and the relation of members within the organization—or the organization as a whole. Some organizations even resort to conducting formal workshop for their members to understand the importance of ethical awareness and for it to identify what has been going wrong in the ethical considerations of its members. Active Learning The utilization of alternative learning strategies for ethical awareness would make the organization members to develop or think of plans that would incorporate ethics into other aspects of the organization. Emphasis could be given to “active-learning” approaches. essay sample on "Ethical Awareness" ? We will write a cheap essay sample on "Ethical Awareness" specifically for you for only $12.90/page More Ethical dilemma Essay Topics. The challenge in using “active-learning” for the facilitator is to cope with the susceptibility of each organization member to ignore the importance of doing such. The active kind of learning is mainly comprised of five steps: • Discovery of the predicament or problem within the organization; • Identification of the possible tools and resources that would help in finding solutions for the problems; • Examination or scrutiny of the alternative strategies that could be helpful in solving the problems; “ETHICS AWARENESS” PAGE#2 Implementation of the specific solution that was chosen; • Reflection on the solution that was implemented, assessment of the consequences of the solution or the outcome. Regular meetings shall be conducted while observing participatory discussion, planning and action plan. Participatory brand of conduct of the workshop or training would ensure that there would be full participation within the group; there will be no single member that would be left out. Also, one of the strategies that could be effective in promoting ethical awareness in an organization is the “Ethics Mosaic. Ethics Mosaic The Ethics Mosaic demonstrates how an organization could help and contribute on making mature and moral decisions that would be helpful in the society. The Ethics Mosaic emphasizes that the collective impact of the organizations’ decisions or solutions is definitely greater than the “sum of each parts. ” The mosaic is meant to connect, create synergies, find and fill the gaps, and identify the emerging trends and patterns in an organization (Ethics of Social Work Principles and Standards 1994). The Ethics Mosaic could contain the name of the “dominant” individuals or leaders in an organization like those who have showed and displayed exemplary ideas the contributed to the growth of the organization. The Ethics Mosaic is basically composed of four fundamental principles that are organized in columns that have emerged in the work of the organization (“The Ethics Mosaic” 2007). The four principles include: “ETHICS AWARENESS” PAGE#3 • Development of awareness or identification of oneself that would later provide a “connection” with the other members of the group; Manifestation that people more the same than being far different; this would enable organization members to find a common ideal or aim among the other members of the organization; • Building of skills on how an organization member could uphold the principles and values within the organization; • Enable to change his/her own or your co-members circumstances. Aside from the four fundamental principles, there also five factors which explain the absence of ethics within the organization. These factors include (“The Ethics Mosaic” 2007): Fatalism— because of the members’ tendency to grow up self-righteously, they also have the tendency to be reluctant to change what has been going wrong; • Ignorance of consequences—there are people who have the tendency to decide impulsively on things. This attitude, more of ten than not, lead them to have regrets at the end since they did not foresee the implication of what has been decided upon; • Otherness—if we do know a persons and of we do not understand our co-members in the group, we are most likely pushed to act of to think unethically toward them; Values extremism—instead of finding a common ground where all organizations could dwell and work on, some have the tendency to pit over their subjective values and opinions and other things. “ETHICS AWARENESS” PAGE#4 • Individualism—some of the organization members have this tendency to veer away from the group. Some find it more beneficial to find a lot of time to know their selves, but in reality, in promotes working alone and avoiding the organization as a whole. Identification of these factors would help the organization to come up with possible solutions to address these setbacks. In the long run, these would cause “greater damage” to the organization that would affect each member. Thus, it is imperative to conduct sessions to discuss how important and crucial ethical awareness is. Conclusion The issue on ethical awareness is usually taken for granted by some organizations. In reality, ethical awareness is one of the greatest and most crucial factors that would determine the success or downfall of an organization. Ethical awareness could also mean professionalism and each member’s awareness of the important roles of each member. Collective effort is much needed for the success of an organization, and without ethical awareness inferred from its members, there could never be an assurance that an organization would succeed. Aside from the benefits of ethics awareness in the sum of the organization, it would also benefit each member of the organization as it would provide them maturity, self-disclosure, and self-realization, among others. Ethical awareness does not only apply in formal organizations but in informal formations as well. Haven't found the Essay You Want? Get your custom essay sample For Only $13/page
jump to last post 1-14 of 14 discussions (17 posts) 1. profile image0 Pamela Waiolenaposted 8 years ago For far too long we have believed in the dictionary definition of "racism", which has formed the basis of debates, attitudes and laws as well as the thinking and relating patterns which are used throughout all of the societies of our small planet. In its very definition, according to Webster's dictionary, racism is a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular group thus producing racial prejudice or discrimination. In addition, a racist is defined as one who subscribes to this definition as truth and therefore practices the defined belief. I hold that it is time to eliminate this word from our dictionaries, attitudes, laws, debates, from our very minds as it is fallacious and has caused countless years of pain, suffering and sorrow to the entire Human Race. For you see, there is, has been and forever will be only ONE RACE on this planet and that is the HUMAN RACE! Unfortunately, our HUMAN RACE has been divided by those who wish to cause domination of one group over another and this has been played out in civilization after civilization. Even that word, civilization defies its own meaning when we truly look at what we have termed "racism". How can a group of people consider themselves civilized (developed out of a primitive state) when they purposefully divide themselves OR EVEN WORSE, allow themselves to be divided by others according to skin color, hair and eye color, shape of noses, body parts, and all other manner of PRIMITIVE THINKING AND JUDGMENT? Let us look at how this foolish idea has been spread. From my childhood days I can easily recall the images given to my ethnic group through the media, the job pool, the images on store products causing attitudes that achieved the general mind-set that one color of skin was far superior and preferential to another. This general mind-set spread from one generation to the next and continues still today throughout the media in all of its forms. Which one of you in America has not seen an "Uncle Ben's" rice or an "Aunt Jemima's Pancake Mix" and an "Aunt Jemima's" Pancake Syrup? Even today those products carry the same old image from the 1940's and 50's. A dark skinned man with a balding head and a dark-skinned woman with a bandana tied around her head. These images are certainly not the stature of products such as those with pictures of their makers like Colonel Sanders and Paul Newman's Own. Some might call this gentle persuasion and 'soft' advertising. I call it blatant and intentional division of ethnic groups through the stilted use of imagery. Even today in 2009, the media still persists in carrying the image of one ethnic group as superior to another by simply continuing to hire and promote beauty as existing mostly in one ethnic group. This has changed to some degree, but still lacking is an equal representation in the media advertisements of the peoples of Asia, Latin and South America, India, Pakistan, Africa and all other ethnic groups not of the European or Caucasian persuasion. Go into any large department store and look at any images that might be displayed. What ethnic group is most represented? The same is true for magazines, movies, newspapers, ad infinitum. Our American culture is no longer dominated by one ethnic group. Even in the mid-west where I grew up in a basically two ethnic group society, this situation no longer exists. Throughout our country one sees the beauty of the various ethnic groups from all over our planet. Our outer picture has changed. Now it is time to change the inner mind-set to reflect the outer reality. When we look at the world in general we can easily see that the one ethnic group that claims dominance is in fact the only minority that exists. Perhaps this is why the attitude has been taken and maintained. Might we say that this has been a long standing defense mechanism because of the true lack of sheer numbers on the planet when all ethnic groups are accounted for in total? It definitely is a thought provoking idea. Since our laws are made to reflect our society it is a long overdue idea that we should take such words as "race", "racism", "racist" and all other such terms out of our language. REMOVE THEM. Let's speak the truth. What is practiced on our planet is ETHNIC EXCLUSIVITY in many ways and forms. It is NOT racism because, as aforementioned, there is ONLY ONE RACE on our planet, the HUMAN RACE. As we consider eliminating these ill-conceived words and thoughts that have produced mind-sets, let us remember to stop using those words and possessing those attitudes each of us in our own lives. It really is time to "grow up" on this planet and accept who we truly are, ONE RACE, THE HUMAN RACE, living on ONE planet under ONE sun and ONE moon. When we adopt this new mind-set we can move on to include all of our 'relatives'. 1. LondonGirl profile image86 LondonGirlposted 8 years agoin reply to this Not any definition I've come across in the UK. Racism here is treating someone less favourably on the grounds of race. It has nothing to do with a belief in the importance of race in catagorising superiority, or a believe that race is the most important thing. 2. AsherKade profile image60 AsherKadeposted 8 years ago I've done many hubs ont his tired ole' subject. Racism should be passe' and a by gone subject.... 1. Lady_E profile image80 Lady_Eposted 8 years agoin reply to this I agree Asher. It bores me... On a positive note, welcome to Hubpages, Pamela. 3. KCC Big Country profile image90 KCC Big Countryposted 8 years ago Pamela, I think you have misunderstood how to post your hubs for the challenge. This is the second time you've posted a long post here in the forums. This information should be typed into a hub. The forum is where we chat basically. 4. Lockenbar profile image61 Lockenbarposted 8 years ago Racism will be eliminated when people stop noticing race. Therefore Ms. Waiolena, stop being consumed by it and quit assuming (for example)that Aunt Jemima or Uncle Ben are anything other than what they are; marketing symbols that are very effective in selling pancake mix and instant rice. 1. tksensei profile image60 tksenseiposted 8 years agoin reply to this So, never? 5. Davinagirl3 profile image61 Davinagirl3posted 8 years ago I think your post was intellegently written and valid. It would make a better hub, than a forum post, but you have a good point. I am a white female who suffers through the media's idea of beauty. It is not realistic regardless of race. Our placing too much validity on the media's ideas is a huge problem in the world, and especially the US. I do not believe that the definition of racism is the problem. There was a problem before the definition was written. We learn "different and same" on Sesame Street. From a young age we learn that there are people that look like us, and people who look different than us. The root of the problem is insecurity, and lack of education. Ignorance is a good word for it. We are split more along lines of culture than race, nowadays. If people learned to respect one anothers' cultures, we wouldn't have the problems we have today. A child should learn that just because another person does not look like them, they are a person with similar needs and wants. Destroy the ignorance, and you are one step closer to destroying the problem. And, this is true for all cultures. 6. Ron Montgomery profile image61 Ron Montgomeryposted 8 years ago Pamela, you might enjoy this op-ed about Obama and racism. http://www.indystar.com/article/2009071 … d++lightly 7. tomdhum profile image61 tomdhumposted 8 years ago anyone that thinks we live in a color blnd society or that a color blind societ can be created is a fool. we are created with the intention of being created equal. howeve reality is that we are not all equal. i wrote a hub on racism check it out 8. kmackey32 profile image63 kmackey32posted 8 years ago oh that was too long for me to read.. lol 9. jiberish profile image72 jiberishposted 8 years ago I'm sorry did I accidently step into someone's Hub? 10. profile image0 pgrundyposted 8 years ago As soon as you prohibit something, it gets way more popular. 150 years ago we still had slavery in the U.S., so it's better now than it was then, but just eliminating the word won't make racism go away. If we quit using the word 'rabbit' would rabbits go away? I wish they would. They ate my green beans and cucumbers down to nothing. All we have left in the garden is tomatoes, peppers, and pumpkins. (Those words must still be in the dictionary.) 11. Uninvited Writer profile image84 Uninvited Writerposted 8 years ago Actually, Aunt Jemima has been updated. 12. wannabwestern profile image87 wannabwesternposted 8 years ago I agree this would be better suited to a hub, but HP is a good place to have a conversation about this topic, because so many different people from different backgrounds and life circumstances write here. So here here for that reason. Good luck on your quest to make a better world. Starting a dialogue is the first step. 13. wannabwestern profile image87 wannabwesternposted 8 years ago Aw shucks, she's gone! 14. tksensei profile image60 tksenseiposted 8 years ago Doesn't seem to be much about this to discuss.
Loading presentation... Present Remotely Send the link below via email or IM Present to your audience Start remote presentation • Invited audience members will follow you as you navigate and present • People invited to a presentation do not need a Prezi account • This link expires 10 minutes after you close the presentation • A maximum of 30 users can follow your presentation • Learn more about this feature in our knowledge base article Do you really want to delete this prezi? World History - Unit 1, Chapter 14: The Beginnings of Our Global Age: Europe, Africa, and Asia 1415-1796 No description Zach White on 10 August 2017 Comments (0) Please log in to add your comment. Report abuse Chapter 14: The Beginnings of Our Global Age: Europe, Africa, and Asia Motivations for Exploring the Seas The Search for Spices Before we get started I want to ask you a couple of questions... We have talked a lot about religion in the last chapter...so...what role do you think religion will play in the Age of Exploration? How about this...Which of the following do you agree with? A. Spreading religion is a valid reason for conquering other people. B. Obtaining wealth is a valid reason for conquering other people. C. Spreading democracy is a valid reason for conquering other people. D. There are no valid reasons for conquering other people. Increase in European population which led to an increased demand for goods. The most valued good Europeans wanted was spices used to preserve food, add flavor to meat, and make medicines and perfumes. The main location of all these spices was in the Moluccas, an island chain in present-day Indonesia, which the Europeans then called the Spice Islands. Portugal Sails East Portugal, Prince Henry, and Africa Prince Henry saw great promise in Africa and he wanted to achieve a number of different goals there... Convert Africans who practiced tribal religions or Islam to Christianity. Find the sources of riches the Muslim traders controlled. Map the African coast in order to find an easier way to Asia and to the Spice Islands. Bartholomeu Dias rounded the southern tip of Africa in 1488 which opened up a new route to Asia. Mapping the African coast was done by cartographers. Cartographers are people who make maps. So cartography is the study and practice of making maps. In 1497, Vasco da Gama went further than Dias...he went all the way around Africa and then kept traveling all the way to India! Da Gama then traded for spices and returned home. He lost half of his ships and many sailors died but the trip was very profitable for da Gama. After returning home and selling the spices he immediately got together a new set of ships and a crew and sailed back to India. Once he returned to India he forced a treaty with the ruler of the port city he landed at and set up his own port. This port bought spices and stored them for future Portuguese fleets. Columbus Sails West Christopher Columbus wanted to reach the East Indies (a group of islands in Southeast Asia). Columbus knew the Earth was round so he wanted to sail around the world going west instead of east...but he didn't know that two continents (North America and South America) Columbus thought the world looked like this... But it actually looked like this... Columbus sailed for several weeks before finding land but he did eventually find the islands of the Caribbean. Columbus was convinced that he was in India and called the inhabitants of the islands "Indians." Once the discovery of the new world was known other countries wanted in on it! Pope Alexander VI set a Line of Demarcation, dividing the non-European world into two zones. Spain and Portugal were allowed to split the new world together. The Search for a Direct Route Continues In 1519 Ferdinand Magellan set out to find a way to reach the Pacific Ocean and to find a direct route to Asia. After months and months of sailing he was able to find a way around South America and sail into the Pacific Ocean. He then sailed onto Asia believing it would only take 3 weeks...4 months later he arrived in the Philippines. Then after almost 3 years after setting out one ship and 18 survivors reached Spain, the place where they had begun their journey. These survivors were the first people to circumnavigate, or sail around, the world. One of the survivors said: "I believe of a certainty that no one will ever again make such a voyage." The Spice Trade and the Age of Exploration: What are items or goods that are of great value in today's world? Who controls those things? Where are they located? What keeps people from obtaining those things? Throughout history there are different types of goods that are valuable and people will take action or do something to get those goods. Why did Europeans find potentially dangerous sea routes preferable to overland routes? They were quicker. They eliminated Arab middlemen. They allowed Europeans to get goods more cheaply by going straight to the source. What motivated Prince Henry to make overseas exploration one of his goals? He wanted to make Portugal a world power. He hoped to convert people to Christianity. So why do you think European monarchs would fund such risky voyages by navigators? They were willing to take risks in exchange for the possibility of claiming new lands, finding a northwest passage or discovering sources of wealth. Turbulent Centuries in Africa European Footholds in South and Southeast Asia Encounters in East Asia Portugal Builds and Eastern Empire After the Portuguese explorer Vasco de Gama made it around the southern tip of Africa many other Portuguese explorers followed in his footsteps. The Portuguese seized islands and land around India and southern Asia by force. They burned cities and took control of islands and large amounts of land through military force and then set up military bases. Often the Portuguese specifically targeted Muslims. The Portuguese wanted to set up outposts to resupply and repair ships along the sea route to the Spice Islands and other centers of trade. The Portuguese also attempted to convert the people of these regions to Christianity. The Portuguese attacked Muslims and destroyed Hindu temples...they were not very successful in converting non-Christians. Rise of the Dutch Mughal India and European Traders In 1599, the first Dutch fleet returned with a large amount of pepper, cloves, and other spices which opened up a flurry of overseas trading and activity. The Dutch had a strategic settlement at Cape Town which gave them a big advantage over other European countries at this time. In 1602, a group of wealthy Dutch merchants formed the Dutch East India Company. This group was incredibly powerful because unlike other traders they had full sovereign powers to build armies, wage war, negotiate peace treaties, and govern overseas territory. The Dutch came to dominate sea trade in the mid to late 1600's. Just as the Portuguese before them, the Dutch used military force to advance their trading goals but they also formed relationships with local rulers. Mughal India was the center of the spice trade and it was a leader in textile manufacturing, exporting large quantities of silk and cotton cloth. The Mughal empire was larger, richer, and more powerful than any kingdom in Europe at this time. The rulers of India saw no threat in the Europeans so they allowed them to build forts and warehouses in Indian coastal towns. But as the Mughal empire collapsed the Europeans stepped in to take control. Trading companies like the British East Trading Company raised their own army from the Indian population to control large areas. Many different countries fought for control of India but Great Britain was able to gain control of most of the country. They would control most of India from the late 1700's to the mid 1900's. In 1511, a Portuguese fleet commanded by Afonso de Albuquerque dropped anchor off Malacca, a rich Islamic trading port that controlled the sea route linking India, Southeast Asia, and China. The fleet remained at anchor for several weeks before opening fire. According to a Malaysian account: "The cannon balls came like rain. And the noise of the cannon was as the noise of thunder in the heavens and the flashes of fire of their guns were like flashes of lightning in the sky: and the noise of their matchlocks [guns] was like that of groundnuts [peanuts] popping in the frying pan." How did European nations build empires in South and Southeast Asia? Think about this question throughout this Prezi. Why were the Dutch more successful than the Portuguese at establishing a long-term presence in this region? Because they focused on establishing permanent colonies with close ties to the local people and they concentrated on trade and not on missionary work. European Contact with Ming China China was very advanced, even more advanced in most areas than Europeans at this time. China had better textiles (clothing) and goods made of metal but the Europeans wanted the Chinese silks and porcelain. So what could they trade? How do you think this would affect trade? The Chinese didn't want anything the Europeans had to offer so they demanded gold or silver. The Ming allowed Europeans to trade with the Chinese but they put time and location restrictions on them. What does that say about the trading relationship between Chinese and Europeans? The Chinese also allowed missionaries into their country. They let missionaries into the country to learn about the Renaissance in Europe. The Manchu Conquest Foreign Traders in Japan Unlike other regions in Asia, Japan welcomed Westerners at least at first. Missionaries came to Japan too and the Japanese seemed curious about Christianity and a number of them converted to Christianity. However the Tokugawa shoguns, or Japanese rulers, grew increasingly hostile to foreigners because they were concerned that Japanese Christians would become loyal to the Pope and not to their country. Also, the Japanese rulers were concerned that Europeans would try to take over their country. The Japanese rulers barred all European merchants, forbade Japanese people from traveling abroad, and even outlawed foreign trade. This isolation continued for over 200 years! Japan was virtually cut off from the outside world... The Ming dynasty lost control of China and a new set of rulers came to power and the Qing dynasty began. Under the Qing rulers the Chinese economy expanded, new crops were introduced and flourished and China's population exploded from 140 million in 1740 to 300 million in 1800! The Chinese emperor, after being insulted by a British ambassador, began to reject contact with Europeans and ignored Europe almost entirely. Full transcript
New International Reader's Version 1 Chronicles 5 The Family Line of Reuben 1Reuben was the oldest son of Israel. But he slept with his father’s concubine. By doing that, he made his father’s bed “unclean.” That’s why his rights as the oldest son were given to the sons of Joseph, the son of Israel. So Reuben isn’t listed in the family history as the one who had the rights of the oldest son. Judah also did not have the rights of the oldest son. Judah didn’t have them even though he was the leader among his brothers. And a ruler came from his family line. But the rights of the oldest son belonged to Joseph. Reuben was the oldest son of Israel. Reuben’s sons were Hanok, Pallu, Hezron and Karmi. The family line of Joel includes his son Shemaiah. Gog was the son of Shemaiah. Shimei was the son of Gog. Micah was the son of Shimei. Reaiah was the son of Micah. Baal was the son of Reaiah. And Beerah was the son of Baal. Beerah was a leader of the people of Reuben. Tiglath-Pileser took Beerah as a prisoner to another country. Tiglath-Pileser was the king of Assyria. Here are the relatives of the family groups of Reuben. They are listed in their family history. They include Chief Jeiel, Zechariah and Bela. Bela was the son of Azaz. Azaz was the son of Shema. Shema was the son of Joel. All of them made their homes in the area from Aroer to Nebo and Baal Meon. To the east they made their homes in the land up to the edge of the desert. That desert reaches all the way to the Euphrates River. They made their homes there because their livestock had increased in Gilead. 10 While Saul was king, the people of Reuben went to war against the Hagrites. They won the battle over them. Then they lived in the houses of the Hagrites. The people of Reuben lived in the entire area east of Gilead. The Family Line of Gad 11 The people of Gad lived next to the people of Reuben in Bashan. They spread out all the way to Salekah. 12 Joel was their chief. Shapham was next. Then came Janai and Shaphat in Bashan. 13 Here are their relatives family by family. They included Michael, Meshullam, Sheba, Jorai, Jakan, Zia and Eber. The total number of them was seven. 14 These were the sons of Abihail. Abihail was the son of Huri. Huri was the son of Jaroah. Jaroah was the son of Gilead. Gilead was the son of Michael. Michael was the son of Jeshishai. Jeshishai was the son of Jahdo. And Jahdo was the son of Buz. 15 Ahi was the leader of some of the families of Gad. Ahi was the son of Abdiel. Abdiel was the son of Guni. 16 The people of Gad lived in the land of Gilead. They lived in the villages of Bashan. They also lived on all the grasslands of Sharon as far as they reached. 17 All these names were written down in the family history. They were written during the time when Jotham was king of Judah and Jeroboam was king of Israel. 18 The tribes of Reuben, Gad and half the tribe of Manasseh had 44,760 men able to serve in the army. Each one was able to handle a shield and sword. Each was also able to use a bow. Each was trained for battle. 19 They went to war against the Hagrites, Jetur, Naphish and Nodab. 20 God helped his people fight against the Hagrites and all who were helping them. He handed over all those enemies to his people. That’s because they cried out to him during the battle. He answered their prayers, because they trusted in him. 21 They captured the livestock of the Hagrites. They captured 50,000 camels, 250,000 sheep and 2,000 donkeys. They also took 100,000 people as prisoners. 22 Many others were killed, because God won the battle over them. His people lived in the land until they themselves were taken as prisoners to other countries. The Family Line of Half of the Tribe of Manasseh 23 The people in half of the tribe of Manasseh became a very large group. They made their homes in the land from Bashan to Baal Hermon. Baal Hermon is also called Senir. Another name for it is Mount Hermon. 24 Here are the leaders of their families. They included Epher, Ishi, Eliel, Azriel, Jeremiah, Hodaviah and Jahdiel. They were brave fighting men. They were also famous and were leaders of their families. 25 But they weren’t faithful to the God of their people. They joined themselves to the gods of the nations of the land and worshiped them. God had destroyed those nations to make room for his people. 26 So the God of Israel stirred up the spirit of Pul. He was king of Assyria. He was also called Tiglath-Pileser. He took the tribes of Reuben and Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh to other countries as his prisoners. He took them to Halah, Habor, Hara and the river of Gozan. And that’s where they still are to this day.
Poems please helpCan someone help me write a poem about caterpillers please. It would be a childrens poem Expert Answers litteacher8 eNotes educator\| Certified Educator You might want to write a metaphorical poem. For example, when I think of a caterpillar my first thought is that they turn into butterflies. So instead of writing directly and literally about caterpillars, you can write metaphorically about change. wanderista \| Student A good point, Litteacher. Try to stay original and creative, as they are the two elements that make any intellectual property stand out. wanderista \| Student Well, first of all you need to establish your theme, which you have: 'Caterpillers'. Are there any other limitations? Can you do free verse, haiku, acrostic etc.? If so, choose your favourite and write according to the rules of the poem type. There's little anyone can do to help you construct poetry, as it is something unique to the writer. Regardless whether you think it's rubbish, keep writing and writing, as there is most likely someone out there who'll say it's gold!
Norway to boost flood protection of the Svalbard ‘doomsday’ seed vault © RIA Novosti. Vitaliy Timkiv The Norwegian authorities have announced plans to boost the flood defenses of the Svalbard Global Seed Vault. The decision was taken after the vault was almost flooded last year, TASS reports. The vault, also known as the doomsday seed vault, is designed to protect the world's crops from future disasters. It stores about of 2.5 billion seeds and is the largest facility of this kind in the world. In October 2016, unseasonably high temperatures (the warmest year on record) caused the permafrost to melt, with water rising 15 meters in the 100-meter access tunnel. The seeds were not damaged, but it has since been decided to build walls inside the tunnel and to remove all sources of heat from it. The vault managers have told TASS that they would gladly listen to proposals from climate experts on additional protection measures. The vault was built on Spitsbergen (Svalbard) Archipelago's remote island in the Arctic Ocean because permafrost was expected to provide failsafe protection against possible disasters. A temperature of —18ºC is required for optimal storage of the seeds, which are stored and sealed in custom made three-ply foil packages. The packages are sealed inside boxes and stored on shelves inside the vault. There are more than 1,700 gene banks that hold collections of food crops worldwide. The Svalbard Global Seed Vault opened in 2008 as a backup storage facility to protect seeds from the challenge of natural or man-made disasters. Each country owns and controls access to the seeds it has deposited.
Sunday, February 21, 2010 Proboscis Monkey, EN ( endangered) Proboscis Monkey Nasalis larvatus, EN, endangered mixed media leather jointed sculpture photo by Bruce Mathews Proboscis Monkey Nasalis larvatus EN, endangered "Dutchmen monkeys", as they were known historically by local people on the island of Borneo, live only on this island in the treetops of riverine and coastal forests and swamps. The male monkeys huge noses, which swell and turn red when angry or excited, reminded the locals of the Dutch sailors during colonial times. These Dutchmen and Proboscis monkeys also shared the characteristic of appearing potbelllied. These monkeys have huge chambered stomachs which contain healthy bacterias that aid the digestion of leaves, seeds, and young sour fruits that make up their diet. One of Asia's largest monkeys, the proboscis, who lives in groups, can weigh up to fifty pounds and have a lifespan of thirteen years. After a gestation period of 166 days, a female will give birth to one baby. Twins are rare. Proboscis monkeys have long thick tails which help them balance in treetops and are excellent swimmers due to their partially webbed hands and feet. This ability to swim allows the monkeys to cross rivers which are the crocodile's habitat. Crocodiles and humans are the main predators of this monkey. The population trend for the Proboscis monkey is unknown because their habitat is shrinking at an alarming rate. These monkeys need vast expanses of native forests in order to hunt enough vegetal material for sustenance. Native forests are being logged for timber, burned to clear the land, and replaced with oil palm plantations. Palm oil, a major ingredient of soaps, moisturizer, lipstick, and foodstuffs such as margarine, confectionery, chocolate, and ice cream, is one of Malaysia's top exports. In Sumatra the tigers and elephants are also losing their habitats due to these plantations. No comments:
Why Are There So Many Kinds of Nurses? Nurses are the backbone of the health industry. They are the laymen that work behind the scenes that keep order in every medical facility around the world. They are in hospitals, private practices, clinics and home health agencies just to name a few. However, not every nurse you come across is equal to another. To get a better understanding of the nursing field and the reason why the different types of nurses exist, it’s best to categorize them by certification and then by specialty. Like with any other field of study, nursing has various levels of certification or degree. A LVN’s program requirements are going to be different then a RN’s program requirements. Each level in nursing has its own set of skills and courses needed to be mastered before they can be certified or graduate to the next level. The hierarchy begins with certified nursing assistants and advances to Nurse Practitioners. Below is a brief explanation of each level: 1. CNA- Depending on where they work, they are referred to as Nursing Assistants, Patient Care Technicians and Home Health Aides. Their job is to help individuals to be as independent as possible, while assisting them with activities of daily living. Though they are at the bottom of the hierarchy, their job is no less important than the above classifications. 2. LVN/LPN- Licensed Vocational/Practical Nurses- Though they carry two different titles they are one in the same. Their job function is to provide bedside care, administer medications and injections and monitor the overall condition of each patient assigned to them. They’re duties are limited as they cannot start any treatment and answer to the RN. 3. RN- These are your Registered Nurses. They are found in medical facility around the country. RN’s treat patients as ordered by physicians. It’s within their scope of practice to administer drugs, start and discontinue IV’s, assess patients and instill care plans. They basically keep the institution running smoothly in the absence of a physician. Once you have obtained this level of licensure you can easily elevate to every subsequent degree offered. 4. BSN, MSN, NP- These are combined not to limit their value, but because their base is an RN. These are RN’s who have achieved a higher education and skill level. As a result they are employed to higher paying positions within the health industry and assume greater responsibility. Specialty nurses on the other hand are not broken up by degree level. Instead they are distinguished by the field or department they work in. Just as medical practitioners further their careers by concentrating in a particular field of medicine, nurses do the same. By definition they're RN's who have acquired more training to specialize in particular classes of medicine. Event Calendar
Thursday, April 23, 2009 Power of Awareness "Awareness at right time". Have we ever thought what is root cause all 'correct' decisions?. These decisions could be as simple as what is the right choice of restaurant for dinner or it could be life changing decisions made by students based on their intermediate results or it could be as big like opening up of economy like how it happened in 1990s. All perfect decisions irrespective of scenarios occur mainly because the decision maker has proper awareness at right time. Lets say we go to a hotel, the first thing happens in this condition is that the waiter offers us the available choices (make you aware). From those choices, we make a decision which makes us happy. If we are not aware of our own choices, how one can make a decision?. This awareness is the key factor missing in India. An 8th class student of a rural school in India is not aware of how big the world outside is. His mind is not given enough exposure to make his choice of study. If a well performing student of physics who loves to make equations is forced to choose his career in software engineering, India will lose a Nobel Prize in physics. He chose to be a software engineer not just because his parents have made up their minds that only software is a growing field, but because he and his parents does not have enough expsoure that a field like Physics has equal respect in outside world and will definitely allow him to earn good money to alleviate his poverty. What we saw is a simple case but a powerful case happening in almost every corner of India. The basic Indian problem is both youngsters and family people does not choose what they want but they ought to choose what it is available. Because a family cannot afford to wait for his child to choose his/her own direction. Because there is a possibility that positive fortune might not encounter in life. Thats the reality. In order to shift this mind-setup in all cases, "courage" is required. Courage will not dawn in to one's head. Courage is driven by strong will and inclination. Strong will happens only when one sees a dim light. A dim light is nothing but awareness. If a light does not appear, courage wont happen, if courage does not happen, one will not have urge to follow his natural wish. If one does not follow his wish, he will obviously choose something which is nto apprpriate for him. So the entire generation of his will result in weeling. Here comes my duty to give exposure. An awareness at right time. This exposure will in turn enforce one to have courage which in turn will allow people to follow their ambition. How am I going to offer this awareness? 1) Incase of education, there should be separate course every week for one period which gives students what are the possible career choices available in this world/ 2) Incase of farmers, through cooperative banks there can be sessions on what are the low cost manufacturing jobs available in India or how they can venture out a new career? 3) Through public-private partnership private companies can create awarness on what are the best practices of their own institutions and how it can tailored for public enterprises? 4) There can regular sessions in court for free of charge about court proceedings, basic laws a citizen entitled to be aware of? 5) A group of parliamentarians can be offered to learn other parliamental systems available in other nations and how they are effectively using the system to make their country a developed nation. This will sow the seed of removing flaws in our constitutional system. 6) Instead of free medical check ups, hospitals must come forward to create awareness among people to prevent diseases In all these cases, information technology can be used as a tool to provide awareness with efficiency. At the same time to relook in to schemes created for this purpose to benchmark whether these awareness campaigns result in expected output. Needless to say, change will happen in India but at a slow pace. It will not happen at the rate we want but surely will happen. This is not optimism but its a reality that every civilized society is subjucated to change. This awareness is not only the driver. But also a catalyst. Creating awareness in one way will enforce one to take risk and stride down his ambition even if future appears bleak. To explain in lay man terms, if we take a set of slum people to a five star hotel in the city and allow them to stay for few hours and later if we tell them that the people who regularly stay there are not just because they are affluent. We need to tell them how they have reached that affluent stature. It might have occured because of their education. It might have occured because of the hard work in their own business. It might have occured because they are well versed in their own subject (say Nobel laureats, artists). This awareness will sow a seed in the minds of the slum people that either they should go up to their level or they must create an environment for the next generation to flower. So this awareness will allow them to take next steps. Thus offering free lunch is of no use. Let us create awareness in every possible way and things will bloom. There is no doubt about it. Who ever mixes two parts of hydrogen and one part of oxygen will get water. Water is the output irrespective whether the doer is a hindu / jew. Hence our duty is to create awarness in all fields for the less privilaged and you can see the result. No comments:
As part of Grand Challenges 2015, a group of University of Exeter students have been working with the World Cultures collection. They have researched and digitised two objects from the collection, creating additional interpretive material and making two short films about the objects. One of the objects they researched is a Yoruba gelede mask from southwest Nigeria; the students uncovered a wealth of information about the object: Gelede Mask The mask, likely from Otta, capital of Aworri state, was obtained by Francis Pinkett, a colonial administrator in Nigeria, between about 1900 and 1910. The mask is one of 200 items of Yoruba and Benin origin in the RAMM. The Yoruba is a group of about ten million people and is considered the most art-producing people in Southwest Nigeria. Pinkett’s widow first placed her husband’s collection on loan in 1927, later converting the loan into a gift for the museum. This mask is made of pigmented wood: head with pointed chin, face is generic woman face and painted white (which has been mostly removed), ribbed chevron female hairstyle (the hair is a signifier of where someone comes from). The Gelede dance This dance celebrates the power of the Great Mother and appeases spiritual forces. Each dancing costume consists of an elaborately carved wooden headdress and clothes of assorted fabrics. The headdress is an important part of a Gelede masquerade: it signifies social cohesion and association; each member should feel inclusive in the community. The spirit in Yoruba culture The power of dance is greatly enhanced within the context of ceremonial control, as it is the energy of the dancer that captures the crowd’s attention. During a trance state, “spirit possession” is achieved, the sight of this condition confirms the presence of the ancestors; the masks remind us that the people are connected to the world of the dead. The design of the mask Each specific area is known for their style of carving. The eye outlines are dark blue and the pupils have holes, which are not for seeing, but for the Great Spirit to enter and come to life. A typical headdress demonstrates the Gelede ideals, which are also expressed in songs, designed to promote the social and spiritual wellbeing of the community. Some male masqueraders even interpreted as satirical looks on the role of men and women in everyday life. The process of making The Iyalashe (Great Mother) commands the mask. Once the sex and the motif of the masquerade have been determined, the artist must wait for the approval of the Iyalashe to make the mask. Once her permission is obtained, the carver is commissioned and left to his artistic ability and imagination to sculpt the headdress. The Yoruba associates artistic creativity with the divine; the universe is the handiwork of the Supreme Being and the human image was created by the deity. The Gelede spectacle Gelede is a public display which combines artwork and ritual dance to entertain the public, educate the virtues of good citizenship, and inspire worship all at the same time. There is a Yoruba saying: “Iwa L’Ewa”, meaning “character is beauty”. In the Gelede ideal, goodness comes from the natural world and it is beautiful: it is socially desirable because it elicits admiration, respect, and love, which in turn generates harmony. The Great Mother Some women are feared as witches, but women are mostly celebrated as the Great Mothers. Gelede masks are made in pairs of male and female masks, but they are worn by men. They dance to emphasize the role of the mother in their society and to commemorate motherhood, the Iyalashe (or the Ìyá Nlá) – “the Great Mother” who has the power. The mask is associated with a founding foremother, such as an earth or water deity, and includes as many subjects as possible – human beings, animals, and plants to reflect the variety of her offspring.
Better Decision Making with Objective Data is Impossible If you’re looking to data to guide your business, you may be looking in the wrong place. In the popular 1950s and 1960s television show Dragnet, Sargent Joe Friday, played by Jack Webb, craved objective facts, famously asking witnesses to provide “just the facts.” Managers today similarly crave facts. The potential positives of working from objective facts are enticing. It’s expected that improved performance follows from basing decisions on facts, whether in traditionally heuristics-based industries such as healthcare or in causally imprecise contexts such as business strategy. But our world is awash in data, and data is not the same thing as facts. Facts are much harder to come by than data. While data seems to promise objectivity, instead it requires analysis — which is replete with subjective interpretation. Assuredly, having data is a necessary step toward making objective decisions. Yet the objectivity of data is a myth. Modern analytical methods afford creative and flexible uses of data that can support multiple perspectives and competing analyses about the same data sets. For instance, more data makes it easier to find support for virtually any position — because more data provides more options, limited only by the creativity of the analyst. Analysis could choose to focus on a subset that shows the “correct” results. Or, data that counters a desired position could be filtered out as “erroneous.” Sophisticated tools support many different modeling methods and options; one is bound to find the “right” answer. Just keep adding and dropping variables or observations until the known “truth” shines through. Using data and analytics to support pre-existing beliefs is called “confirmation bias.” This is a particularly acute problem for modern analytics due to the potent combination of access to massive amounts of data, sophisticated methods and the seeming irreproachability of data-based decisions. Confirmation bias can advance personal and political agendas or technical outcomes in ways that are difficult to detect. It can take the form of looking only for evidence that supports a desired outcome. Alternatively, another way confirmation bias manifests itself is by having a preconceived idea about when to stop data analysis. If analysis stops because early results appear “appropriate,” there’s still a possibility that more analysis would find different results. For example: Jack Webb’s famous line on Dragnet, “Just the facts, ma’am,” was something he never actually said on the show (the character used a similar line, “All we want are the facts, ma’am.”). The idea here is that more information can show that what we “know” to be “true” is not factual. Yet disconfirmation may be a better result than confirmation. Managers who are open to learning from analytics may find unexpected results to be more valuable than the expected. Findings that counter current thinking provide organizations with opportunity for distinction, differentiation and advantage. Three roles can help organizations reduce the subjectivity and bias in analytical decision making: dictator, antagonist and goon. Despite these unflattering labels, organizations that have the talent and cultural wherewithal to develop this data triumvirate may get closer to learning “just the facts.” Data Dictator Different starting points create opportunity for data to be shaped to fit biases. A data dictator can unify frames of reference. At The Coca-Cola Company, one of their first steps was to get a common, shared understanding of the numbers behind each report so that time could be spent productively on managerial decisions rather than discussing from different reference points. Intermountain Healthcare developed a shared vocabulary, reducing ambiguity. Data Antagonist It can be difficult to espouse decisions that counter prevailing thinking. But this is necessary to avoid the trap of seeking (and finding) only confirmation. Warren Buffett, for example, encourages critics and contradictions. Analysts can be specifically charged to find evidence that contradicts the current algorithms that identify potential customers, failing machines or risky patients. Data Goon Relying on others for analytical skills reduces the ability for managers to understand how analysis has shaped the raw data. Managers need to find an analyst they can trust or, better yet, become that data goon themselves in order to participate. 1 Comment On: Better Decision Making with Objective Data is Impossible • Richard Ordowich \| July 29, 2015 From this article’s tone it appears the author does not subscribe to the roles of Data Governance, Chief Data Officers or Data Stewards preferring more assertive roles and entertaining roles. There is however one aspect of data that many ignore; that data is valueless. Data is not objective or raw. Data is not “fact”. Data embodies the biases and values (human) of those who selected it, designed it and processed it. Data is subjectively designed. The first step in data analytics is to determine what values the data embodies. This should be done by a Data Archeologist and perhaps a Data Sociologist. Then those using this data for other purposes can determine what subjectivity values the data embodies rather than assuming it is fact! Add a comment
Why might you need invertebrate surveys? A number of key National Priority and Local Biodiversity Action Plan butterfly and moth species are present within the north east of England, including dingy skipper, white letter hairstreak and grayling. These species, and others, are material considerations within the planning system, and sites should be assessed for their presence, with appropriate mitigation and/or compensation provided where necessary. Butterfly surveys will be recommended where initial survey indicates that suitable habitats (including brownfield land, coastal areas, quarries and open woodland) are present on site. What should you expect to happen? Preliminary Ecological Appraisal Habitats on site will be assessed for their suitability to Priority invertebrate species during the initial Preliminary Ecological Appraisal. Butterfly Surveys Where suitable habitats are identified, further butterfly surveys will be recommended, specific to the species targeted. A surveyor will carry a walkover survey during suitable weather conditions to identify, count and map butterfly species present, using a butterfly net where necessary for closer inspection. In some cases, such as surveys for white letter hairstreak, egg searches may be more appropriate. Reporting Results of butterfly surveys will typically be incorporated into existing preliminary ecological appraisal reports, providing impact assessment and recommendations for mitigation and/or compensation. When can surveys be carried out? Preliminary ecological appraisal to assess habitat suitability to invertebrates can be carried out at any time. Survey work for butterflies and moths is constrained by the flight periods of specific species which may be present. Timings for some key species in the north east comprise: Dingy Skipper Late April - June Grayling July - September White Letter Hairstreak July - April (egg searches) mid-June to August (adults) What experience do E3 have? A number of E3 staff are very experienced in providing surveys and mitigation for priority butterfly and moth species. One member of the team has been the Nortumberland County Butterfly Recorder since 2015 and has specialist knowledge in this field. We can therefore successfully provide tailored advice, impact assessment and mitigation in relation to priority butterfly species.
May 16, 1966 – “May 16 Notice” Sparks Chinese Cultural Revolution Chairman Mao lived to create a society free of social oppression and equality. He also wanted his face tattooed on a heavyweight champion. After the failed “Great Leap Forward” that caused an estimated 15 to 45 million deaths, Chairman Mao Zedong’s demi-God status in the eyes of the Chinese people took a hit. In fact the crisis was to the point that in 1962 Mao was forced to step down as China’s de-facto Caesar, unthinkable only a few years before. Four years of no improvement set the stage for Mao’s glorious return to right the wrongs of his previous administration by doing absolutely nothing differently. Mao and his cronies released the May 16 Notice to alert the people of China that bourgeois and un-Communist rebels had infiltrated the inner workings of the party and the Red Army. They also used it to conveniently blame the economic crisis and famine on those same people, failing to mention that it was actually Mao’s ridiculous vision of a Communist utopia that killed nearly 40 million people. Mao eventually purged the government of any individual who failed to fully accept the policies of the party. Included in the purges where religious groups, artists and other society defining groups that have been targeted by over zealous regimes throughout history. After Mao’s death in 1976 the party would eventually shift towards the middle just enough for China to become an economic juggernaut. Today the general consensus, to the chagrin of freedom and democracy loving Americans, is that we now live in a world dominated by Chinese policy. It may seem strange but it shouldn’t. China has had an advanced civilization since before Rome fell. They had invented things like firearms, the printing press, modern navigation and delicious braised pork when Europe was slowly crawling out of the Dark Age. It’s a brave new world people, get your Mandarin game right.
The Tempest Why is Prospero willing to part with his magic-- Must use in text citation, from the play. In act 5 scene 1. Asked by Last updated by jill d #170087 Answers 1 Add Yours Prospero has a mixed view of his own magic; he recognizes how his fascination with magic lost him his dukedom, and almost caused his loss of control, and therefore cannot maintain his magical practices and his role as a man of action in the real world. He also chooses to give up his magic when he leaves the island, revealing a mixed view of magic in Prospero himself.
Evidence Based 12 Natural Ways to Balance Your Hormones 1. Eat Enough Protein at Every Meal Consuming an adequate amount of protein is extremely important. Dietary protein provides essential amino acids that your body can't make on its own and must be consumed every day in order to maintain muscle, bone and skin health. Research has shown that eating protein decreases levels of the "hunger hormone" ghrelin and stimulates the production of hormones that help you feel full, including PYY and GLP-1 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). What's more, participants' hunger ratings decreased by 25% more after the high-protein meal compared to the normal-protein meal (6). What's more, they experienced an increase in metabolism and fat burning (7). To optimize hormone health, experts recommend consuming a minimum of 20–30 grams of protein per meal (8). 2. Engage in Regular Exercise High insulin levels have been linked to inflammation, heart disease, diabetes and cancer. What's more, they are connected to insulin resistance, a condition in which your cells don't respond properly to insulin's signals (9). Many types of physical activity have been found to increase insulin sensitivity and reduce insulin levels, including aerobic exercise, strength training and endurance exercise (10, 11, 12, 13, 14). In a 24-week study of obese women, exercise increased participants' insulin sensitivity and levels of adiponectin, a hormone that has anti-inflammatory effects and helps regulate metabolism (14). Being physically active may also help boost levels of muscle-maintaining hormones that decline with age, such as testosterone, IGF-1, DHEA and growth hormone (15, 16, 17, 18). For people who are unable to perform vigorous exercise, even regular walking may increase these hormone levels, potentially improving strength and quality of life (19). 3. Avoid Sugar and Refined Carbs Studies have consistently shown that fructose can increase insulin levels and promote insulin resistance, especially in overweight and obese people with prediabetes or diabetes (20, 21, 22, 23). Importantly, fructose makes up at least half of most types of sugar. This includes natural forms like honey and maple syrup, in addition to high-fructose corn syrup and refined table sugar. In addition, diets high in refined carbs like white bread and pretzels may promote insulin resistance in a large portion of adults and adolescents (24, 25). By contrast, following a low- or moderate-carb diet based on whole foods may reduce insulin levels in overweight and obese people with prediabetes and other insulin-resistant conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (26, 27, 28). 4. Learn to Manage Stress Cortisol is known as "the stress hormone" because it helps your body cope with stress over the long term. Adrenaline is the "fight-or-flight" hormone that provides your body with a surge of energy to respond to immediate danger. However, unlike hundreds of years ago when these hormones were mainly triggered by threats from predators, today they're usually triggered by people's busy, often overwhelming lifestyles. Unfortunately, chronic stress causes cortisol levels to remain elevated, which can lead to excessive calorie intake and obesity, including increased belly fat (29, 30, 31). Research has shown that you may be able to lower your cortisol levels by engaging in stress-reducing techniques like meditation, yoga, massage and listening to relaxing music (32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37). Try to devote at least 10–15 minutes per day to stress-reducing activities, even if you don't feel you have the time. 5. Consume Healthy Fats They have been shown to reduce insulin resistance in overweight and obese people, as well as in people with diabetes (38, 39). Dairy fats and monounsaturated fat in olive oil and nuts also seem to increase insulin sensitivity, based on studies in healthy adults and those with diabetes, prediabetes, fatty liver and elevated triglycerides (40, 41, 42, 43, 44). Additionally, studies have shown that consuming healthy fat at meals triggers the release of hormones that help you feel full and satisfied, including GLP-1, PYY and cholecystokinin (CCK) (44, 45, 46). On the other hand, trans fats have been found to promote insulin resistance and increase the storage of belly fat (47, 48). 6. Avoid Overeating and Undereating Overeating is shown to increase insulin levels and reduce insulin sensitivity, especially in overweight and obese people who are insulin resistant (49, 50, 51, 52). In one study, insulin-resistant obese adults who ate a 1,300-calorie meal experienced nearly twice the increase in insulin as lean people and "metabolically healthy" obese people who consumed an identical meal (52). One study found that restricting food intake to less than 1,200 calories per day led to increased cortisol levels (53). 7. Drink Green Tea Green tea is one of the healthiest beverages around. Research suggests that consuming green tea may increase insulin sensitivity and lower insulin levels in both healthy people and those with insulin-resistant conditions like obesity and diabetes (55, 56, 57, 58, 59). In one detailed analysis of 17 studies, the highest-quality studies linked green tea to significantly lower fasting insulin levels (60). A few controlled studies found that green tea didn't seem to reduce insulin resistance or insulin levels when compared to a placebo. However, these results may have been due to individual responses (61, 62). 8. Eat Fatty Fish Often A small study observed the effect of consuming omega-3 fats on men's performance on a mental stress test. In addition, some studies have found that increasing your intake of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids may reduce insulin resistance related to obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome and gestational diabetes (64, 65, 66, 67). 9. Get Consistent, High-Quality Sleep Poor sleep has been linked to imbalances of many hormones, including insulin, cortisol, leptin, ghrelin and growth hormone (68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74). In one study of men whose sleep was restricted to five hours per night for one week, insulin sensitivity decreased by 20%, on average (69). Moreover, it's not only the quantity of sleep you get that matters. Quality of sleep is also important. 10. Stay Away From Sugary Beverages Studies suggest large amounts of sugar-sweetened beverages may contribute to insulin resistance, especially in overweight and obese adults and children (75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81). Additionally, research has shown that drinking sugary beverages leads to excessive calorie intake because it doesn't trigger the same fullness signals that eating solid foods does (82, 83). 11. Consume a High-Fiber Diet Studies have found that it increases insulin sensitivity and stimulates the production of hormones that make you feel full and satisfied (84, 85, 86, 87). Both types of fiber caused a reduction in appetite (87). 12. Eat Eggs Anytime Eggs are one of the most nutritious foods on the planet. They've been shown to beneficially affect hormones that regulate food intake, including lowering levels of insulin and ghrelin, and increasing PYY (88, 89, 90, 91). In one study, men had lower ghrelin and insulin levels after eating eggs at breakfast than after eating a bagel for breakfast (90). What's more, they felt fuller and ate fewer calories over the next 24 hours after eating the eggs (90). The Bottom Line An evidence-based article from our experts at Authority Nutrition.
Sunday, July 13, 2014 Hearing the Parables I love this Gospel, because Jesus sort of takes away the homily by explaining himself what the whole parable means. On the one hand, Jesus took all the best preaching material already when he explained this parable, but on the other hand it's nice when you have it on Jesus' authority that this is what a parable means, and you don't have to take it on the authority of some preacher. So we need to look at two things today: Why use parables at all, and what can we learn from this parable. Van Gogh's The Sower Why did Jesus use parables at all? What was the point of them? They're not a simple way of making a point, we can see that from the fact that the disciples had to pull him aside and say "Hey, what's the deal with all the parables?" The disciples ask a fair question. If this story of a sower has hidden meanings that need explanation, then why not just tell the people straightforward what they need to know? Parables are not an easy way of making a point. They can be interpreted and misinterpreted, and sometimes, like today Jesus himself has to set the record straight about what they mean. So far in Matthew's gospel, Jesus has been a bit more straightforward in his teaching style. With lessons like the Sermon on the Mount and the Beatitudes, there is no ambiguity about what Jesus means. The Beatitudes are a simple way of making a point. Blessed are the poor in spirit, blessed are those who mourn, blessed are the meek. That easy to understand. But the parables have hidden layers of meaning. So why use them? Speaking at length in parables is a new thing in the story, and the disciples picked up on this, so they asked him today why he was teaching in parables. When they asked him, he said "Knowledge of the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven has been granted to you, but to them it has not been granted." That sounds harsh, so we have to understand what has been happening so far in the story. The chapters right before this show how the "old Israel," the Pharisees and the leadership of Israel, and even whole towns, had rejected Jesus. They didn't want what he offered. So parables are a form of judgment on the old Israel. He is declaring them spiritually bankrupt because they did not hear and accept his words. What Jesus is doing in these parables then, at least in Matthew's gospel and Matthew's view of the world, is creating a new Israel. Rather than dealing with the old Israel, Jesus is constituting a new Israel around his disciples, around those who hear the words of Jesus and understand them. This new Israel is going to be the Church he will establish. This will culminate in Peter's declaration that Jesus is the Christ, and Jesus' declaration that Peter will be the rock of his new church. We won't hear that until late August, so keep coming back. So when we understand that Jesus is forming a new people here, a people who hear and understand his word, then his answer to the disciples seems less harsh. When the disciples ask him why he uses parables, and he says to them "Knowledge of the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven has been granted to you, but to them it has not been granted" we understand that because you hear and understand my words, you get to know about these deep mysteries, but they don't, because they don't hear me. The crowds at this point in Matthew's story represent those who do not hear Jesus, so by means of parables we see Jesus turning inward, shifting his focus from the wider world to just those who will accept his word. He is shifting from the whole world out there to focus on you and on me. Knowing that the parables are Jesus' way of shifting the focus of his ministry to us, to his disciples, what do we do with a parable like this? Jesus gives us the answer, in the parable and then in the explanation. Our job is to make ourselves the fertile ground that can accept Jesus. We can't just accept his words, he is not just a moral teacher with some cool ideas. We have to accept his very self into our lives. When we look at the analogies that Jesus gave of the path, the rocky ground, the weedy ground, and the good ground, one of these already typifies your life. So examine your life, does the Word of God bear fruit in your life? And I know what you're thinking: "I don't know." What should it look like if God's word is bearing fruit in my life? I think that means that your life is primarily characterized by the values of faith, hope and love. It doesn't mean that life is always happy or easy, we don't preach the gospel of the happy-go-lucky or the gospel of easy street, we preach the gospel of the Crucified Lord. So through the crosses of this life, can you identify yourself as a faithful person, as a hopeful person, as a loving person? When the sower sows the seed, if the ground it finds is receptive, not hard, not rocky, not thorny, then faith, hope, and love will grow there. It's kind of a self-perpetuating process. If I have faith, hope, and love in my heart, then when I receive God's word I will increase in faith, hope and love. So how do I start? How do I make myself receptive to this word? How do I prepare my heart for this word to take root? Well, that's kind of a trick question because I can't. God has to get the ball rolling. The sower himself has to prepare my heart. So I have to ask Jesus to come into my heart and make it receptive to his word, and I have to pray for the humility to let him work in my heart. So examine your heart and ask the Lord to make it a receptive heart. Ask the Lord to make it a heart that bears fruit a hundred or sixty or thirtyfold. No comments: Post a Comment
Why Homeowners should Damp Proof their Property What is Rising Damp? Rising damp or salt damp is a common type of dampness that you can see in buildings. As such, damp issues cause severe damage to a property, you should treat the damp immediately to protect your building from further damage. Rising damp occurs when water from the ground rises up through the brick and mortar of a building through a process widely known as “capillarity.” The water rises up the wall of a building in the same way oil rises up through the wick of a lamp. The height to which the water will rise depends upon different factors such as poor structure of the bricks and mortar, rate of evaporation, etc. Masonry has a high proportion of fine pores as compared to coarse pored material. damp proof, damp proofing Ground water & Hygroscopic Salts Ground water used to have soluble salts, including chlorides, nitrates, and sulphates. When rising damp issue occurs, these salts pass with the water up the wall and are left behind when the water evaporates. Over many years of active rising damp, large quantities accumulate within the masonry and decorative surface, and become concentrated in a general ‘salt band’ toward the maximum height of rise. Both chlorides and nitrates are generally hygroscopic, which means they can absorb moisture from the surrounding environment. The Best Way to Deal with Rising Damp Damp treatment largely depends on the type of damp that is affecting your home. You may find more than one kind of damp which can make the solution more complicated. In any case, you will need to consult a specialist damp company to examine the issue, and treat accordingly. Following are some ways through which you can control the rising damp issue effectively; Better ventilation can resolve the condensation problem. If you do not have a bathroom or kitchen fan, install one immediately as these two places are responsible for most moisture in a home. Dehumidifiers can also help. Cold spots on wall increase condensation, therefore, making sure you have better insulation. By having a cavity wall insulation or specialist insulation materials fixed to the outside of your home can prevent rising damp. To deal with rising damp, you need to make it sure that your damp-proof coursing is working well. If you have a good damp-proof course, you can solve the issue simply by digging away the soil on the exterior side to the damp wall to below the level of the damp proof course. In case, the damp-proof course is not working well, you should replace that with new good one. The damp rising specialists will help you with right solution to stop it from getting worse and safeguard your property on both internal and external damp problems. The walls and floors are more vulnerable to having higher risk of damp problem, and can make your walls more fragile. The most common remedy is hiring a damp specialist to drill holes in your wall and inject damp-proof cream or alternative solutions. My name is Declan and I’m a property preservation professional. I’m also a keen web and blogging enthusiast, and have written a lot of informative and helpful posts about real estate repair, property maintenance and related DIY issues. Leave a Reply WordPress.com Logo Twitter picture Facebook photo Google+ photo Connecting to %s
Alzheimer's & Dementia There are many types of dementia. Alzheimer's disease is the most common. Half or more of people with dementia have Alzheimer's disease. It is caused by the accumulation of tangles and clumps of protein in and around brain cells. These tangles and clumps make it difficult for brain cells to communicate with one another, and can eventually kill them. Vascular dementia, the second most common type, develops when cholesterol-clogged arteries can't deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to the brain. Sometimes small blockages completely cut off the blood supply to a part of the brain, causing nearby brain cells to die. The terms dementia and Alzheimer's are often used interchangeably. In part, that's because it is very hard to tell them apart. Usually, a specific type of dementia can only be diagnosed by an autopsy after someone has died. Dementia affects areas of the brain involved in learning and memory. So a common symptom is difficulty in recalling new information. Memory loss disrupts daily life. An individual with dementia may get lost in a once-familiar neighborhood. He or she may have increasing trouble making decisions, solving problems, or making good judgments. Mood and personality may change. A person with dementia can become more irritable or hostile, or lose interest in almost everything. Once dementia has developed, it is usually hard to reverse. The goal of treatment is to manage symptoms and slow its progression. Some medications can help slow the intellectual decline in mild to moderate dementia. Psychotherapy techniques like reality orientation and memory retraining can also help people with this condition. A small percentage of people with dementia develop the condition because of medical issues such as an underactive thyroid gland, an infection, not getting enough vitamin B12, medication side effects, or drinking too much alcohol. In these cases, treating the underlying cause can reverse the dementia. Alzheimer's & Dementia Articles Vascular dementia The word dementia means "deprived of mind." It's a catchall term that covers the memory loss, confusion, changes in personality, and dwindling ability to perform everyday activities that affect millions of older people. One main cause of dementia is Alzheimer's disease. The second most common type of dementia is vascular dementia. It develops when cholesterol-clogged blood vessels can't deliver enough oxygen to the brain. Small blockages deprive some brain cells of oxygen, causing a series of small strokes that kill brain cells. The brain damage is often so small and so subtle that it goes unnoticed. The mental deterioration proceeds in a stepwise pattern, in which a person experiences some cognitive decline, stabilizes, then gets worse after another undetected stroke. Vascular dementia can also develop after a person has a major stroke . This may cause an abrupt mental change, sometimes accompanied by paralysis or slurred speech. More » Mild cognitive impairment Mild cognitive impairment is a slight but noticeable change in thinking and memory skills. People with mild cognitive impairment may lose things often, have difficulty recalling names or words, miss appointments, and have a harder time finding familiar places and keeping track of important dates. These changes are large enough to be noticed by the individuals experiencing them or to other people, but aren't severe enough to interfere with daily life or independent function. People with mild cognitive impairment don't have dementia. Some eventually go on to develop Alzheimer's or other type of dementia. Others don't. There are several types of mild cognitive impairment. They are based on the thinking skills affected: More » Ask the doctor: Different dementias The symptoms of Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies overlap substantially, but some symptoms point more strongly to the latter kind of dementia. Treatment focuses on controlling the symptoms. (Locked) More »
posted by . How has the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia changed over the years? What are some of the most important moments in this history? • Psychology - Check these sites. • Psychology - Some insight into the changes in treatment of mentally ill people — including schizophrenics — relate to a London hospital, St. Mary's of Bethlehem (commonly referred to as "Bedlam") and the work of Phillipe Pinel. Another important change in the United States is related to Dorthea Dix. You can find some of the information you desire, if you use the names above or other appropriate key words to do your own search. Also see I hope this helps a little more. Thanks for asking. Respond to this Question First Name School Subject Your Answer Similar Questions 1. Computer Development How has the history of computers changed over the years? 2. history 3. Psycology 4. Psychology Can someone please tell me if I have chosen the correct answer? 5. Psychology Need help asap! Regarding schizophrenia, which of the following statements is FALSE? 6. Psychology Need help please! I need to know if this the correct answer. Please help! Regarding schizophrenia, which of the following statements is FALSE? 7. health Which of the following statements about schizophrenia is true? 8. psychology Is community treatment for schizophrenia effective? 9. world history 3 most important moments of democracy? 10. PSYchology 220 # 1.59 (1 pts.) Ralph has been sad and listless for 3 years. He can't sleep and has lost his appetite. Using a diagnostic system, one clinician arrives at a diagnosis of depression. Using the exact same diagnostic system, another clinician … More Similar Questions
posted by . 1.The greenish blue of water is evidence for the A) interaction between green and blue frequencies of light. B) reflection of red light. C) reflection of greenish-blue light. D) absorption of greenish-blue light. E) absorption of red light. 2.Atmospheric refraction tends to make daytimes A) longer. B) shorter. C) no change in day length • physics - 1. It is usually E). Blue light is less absorbed than red in ocean and clear lake water, and it is blue light that is mainly reflected back. However in glacial lakes, which are often a cloudy green, the main reason is C) 2. A) When the sun looks like it is just setting or rising, the REAL sun position is about a degree below the horizon, as a result of refraction. Dawn and twilight extend the day also, but for a different reason. (upper atmosphere scattering) Respond to this Question First Name School Subject Your Answer Similar Questions 1. check/bio!!!! okay the question is as follows: Three plants are placed in 3 different terrariums in 3 different light conditions. Plant A is placed in blue light, plant B in green light, and plant C in yellow light. In which case will there be an … 2. Physics please explain Can you please explain your answer. How did you get blue lamda. Is it because red and green makes blue? 3. physics Why dose a white piece of paper appear white in white light,red in red light,blue in blue light and so on for all colors? 4. Physics n=1.331 for red light in water and n=1.34 for blue light in water. If a ray of white light enters the water at 83 degrees what are the underwater angles of refraction for the blue and red components of white light? 5. science- help needed. each statement is false. rewrite each one as a true statement,showing as much scientific understand as possible. 1. light waves travel slower than sound waves. 2.a black object will reflect white light. 3.a translucent object lets … 6. Physics Does blue light or orange light have a larger index of refraction? 7. physics A diamond's index of refraction for red light, 656 nm, is 2.410, while that for blue light, 434 nm, is 2.450. Suppose white light is incident on the diamond at 32.2°. Find the angles of refraction for red and blue light. red light? 8. Absorption spectra of pigments On the graph light absorption in % vs wavelength, how come the color of chlorophyll is green? 9. physics Question Part Points Submissions Used 1 2 3 4 0/0.37 0/0.37 –/0.37 –/0.37 4/15 1/15 0/15 0/15 Total 0/1.48 ...A diamond in air is illuminated with white light. On one particular facet, the angle of incidence is 46.05°. Inside … 10. Biology Light absorption by a pigment is measured for red, blue, green, and yellow light. More Similar Questions
posted by . Hydrocyanic acid (HCN) is a much weaker acid than nitrous acid (HNO2). The pH values of 0.1 M solutions of the potassium salts of these two acids were determined separately. The statement which describes these determinations most accurately is: a. ) Both solutions are acidic, with the HCN acid-derived solution the more acidic. b. ) Both solutions are acidic, with the HNO2 acid-derived solution the more acidic. c. ) Both solutions are neutral. d. ) Both solutions are basic, with the HNO2 acid-derived solution the more basic. e. ) Both solutions are basic, with the HCN acid-derived solution the more basic. • chemistry - If you can't reason through to the answer, why not just work the problem and see what the pH is for the two solutions. For example, for the HCN: CN^- + HOH ==> HCN + OH^- Kb = Kw/Ka = (HCN)(OH^-)/(CN^-) Plug in the values for Kw, Ka, and (CN^-) and solve for (OH^-). (Remember HCN = Y and OH = Y so the numerator is just Y^2. Do the same for KNO2. Y^2/0.1 = 1 x 10^-14/4.9 x 10^-10. You need to look up the value for Ka for HCN and HNO2. I'm using an OLD set of tables. • chemistry - lol, mcmaster first year chem quiz...i bet you anything that he/she is in life/health science... Respond to this Question First Name School Subject Your Answer Similar Questions 1. last proofreading for the weekend name an acid when given the formula of acid a) HNO2 I put hydronitrogen acid H3Po4 I put Hydro phosphoric acid then it says write the chmical formula of an acid a) Hydrocyanic acid didn't know that one b) it said hypochlorous acid … 2. Chemistry Provide the name or chemical formula, as appropriate, for each of the following acids: a. hydrobromic acid HBr b. hydrosulfuric acid H2SO4 c. nitrous acid HNO2 d. H2CO3 carbonic acid e. HClO3 chloric acid f. HC2H3O2 acetic acid How'd … 3. Chemistry which of the following statements are true? 4. Chemistry find the pH of each of the following solutions of mixtures of acids: .125M in HBr and .130 M in HCHO2, .155M in HNO2 and 9.0*10^-2M in HNO3, 5.5×10−2 in acetic acid and 5.5×10−2 in hydrocyanic acid 5. chemistry If the system below is at equilibrium in a closed vessel and a small amount of nitrous acid [HNO2(§¤)] is added, what would be expected to happen? 6. Chemistry Which of the following aqueous solutions are good buffer systems ? 7. Chemistry Calculate the percent ionization of nitrous acid in a solution that is 0.311 M in nitrous acid (HNO2) and 0.189 M in potassium nitrite (KNO2). The acid dissociation constant of nitrous acid is 4.50 × 10-4. 8. Chemistry 30 How do I complete an ICE table for a solution of nitrous acid, HNO2, one of the acids associated with acid deposition? 9. Biochemistry You are told that the solutions in two beakers are both 0.02 M solutions of acids "A" is weak acid and acid "B" is a strong acid. Which of the two acids would have the lower pH, acid "A" or acid "B"? 10. Chemistry Consider 1.00 L of the buffer system that contains 0.200 M hydrocyanic acid(HCN) and 0.150 M sodium cyanide (NaCN). The pKa of hydrocyanic acid is 9.31. What is the [HCN] after 0.020 mol of HCl is added? More Similar Questions
Kunal Lugani Independence - Poem by Kunal Lugani everyone wants to be independent like a bird but what we give our nation is just dirt why is independence important to us? for flying kites or holiday must or for remembering the soldiers who for our independence turned to dust why did they shed their in harsh time to see corruption and crime when the times where bad and thick they died without thinking of their dreams big when Ghandhi came to end the times of gloom he fought for Indian hand loom was it their fault to make us free or they acted like a donkey because now it is all black money the politicians only want wealth without thinking of nations health why do we need this freedom where for beggars there is no food and wisdom so now it is our duty to restore the nations beauty by extincting corruption and crime for ever lets make India free for corruption fever Topic(s) of this poem: independence Comments about Independence by Kunal Lugani • Mithilesh Yadav (1/26/2016 10:30:00 PM) Well penned........ But a strong aggression liked it... (Report) Reply 0 person liked. 0 person did not like. Read all 1 comments » Read this poem in other languages This poem has not been translated into any other language yet. I would like to translate this poem » word flags Poem Submitted: Tuesday, January 26, 2016 Poem Edited: Tuesday, January 26, 2016 [Report Error]
Beach Trees (1998) At the edge of a beach on the west shore of the island of Molokai, Hawaii. Contrary to the popular image of Hawaii as a verdant tropical paradise, the west coast of Molokai is a desert. This part of Molokai (as well as the “leeward” parts of Kauai, Maui, and the Big Island of Hawaii) is in a “rain shadow” of mountains to the east. Thus, the “windward” eastern sides of the islands get abundant rainfall and are, in fact, verdant and tropical while the area west of the mountains is dry. BACK Molokai page Home
Drobečková navigace Phytochemical nomenclature I remember that for the first time I came across phytochemical nomenclature when I read the Atlas of Medicinal Plants (Mack, Krejča, SAS) as a child. At that time I did not understand the words as a further confirmation of the expertise of otherwise pleasant and logical text. I expected words like alkaloids and saponins to be part of a precise system of plant names that I do not understand. I was terrified by the fact that I dared to study the definition of phytochemical terms as an experienced goat. Phytochemical nomenclature quickly and without napkins The terms of phytochemical nomenclature are based mostly on working methods of phytochemistry: • Alkaloids - nitrogen-containing basic compounds • Glycosides - substances to which sugar residues are attached • Saponins - substances that form foam when shaking • Bitters - substances of bitter taste (as well as acids are substances taste acid, iron) • Tannins - substances that precipitate proteins • Silica - volatile non-polar fraction separable from plant material by distillation • Flavonoids - substances characterized by a certain type of aromatic skeleton • Etc. ( lignans , phytosteroids ...) This jargon, which I would call 'dry-latin Latin' with kindly forgiving phytochemists, is undoubtedly useful in the first phase of research, as it allows us to talk about plant yields, even though we do not know anything about them. Another advantage of this terminology is that the layman, regardless of reality, makes the impression of a deep state of knowledge of the substance or plant concerned. Another specialty of phytochemical nomenclature is the formation of plant names with a combination of scientific names and standard suffixes ( Nicotiana - nicotine, Coffea - caffeine, Erythroxylon coca - cocaine, etc.). The first problem here is that such terminology is not unambiguous. For example, caffeine was also baptized as tein (if extracted from the tea tree), matein (yerba maté), guaranin (guarana), etc. It lasted for a while for us to deal fully with the fact that despite many different names It really is the same substance. Various extensions are used to indicate the substance's relevance to the phytochemical categories described above. E.g. We have panaxynol , panaxydol , panaxan, panaxin, panaxic acid (or ginseng acid transcript) and many others in panaxosides (saponins, having the suffix -solid because they are both glycosides). It fits the phytochemical nomenclature of ginseng and eleuterokoku Ginseng and eleutherococcus well illustrate the problems of phytochemical nomenclature - this is also critically expressed by the Davidov valency ( davydov2000es ). "Panaxosid" against "ginsenoside" - my point of view Ginseng saponins are referred to in the literature as panaxosides and ginsenosides. Much more common today is the name ginsenoside. In my opinion, however, to denote the unique ginseng saponins typical of the genus ginseng ( Panax ), the etymologically more acceptable group name panaxoside than the name ginsenoside . The name panaxosid is well founded because these are quite typical for the Panax family, and besides it, they are virtually no longer present in the plant kingdom. The name ginsenoside gives the impression that ginseng right ( P. ginseng ) is somewhat significant in terms of the content of "ginsenosides". This is not true - although P. ginseng is actually the "most traditional" ginseng, ginseng saponins are found in almost the same amount (albeit in other ratios) and in American ginseng ( P. quinquefolius ) and qualitatively represented in all other ginseng , Including the phylogenetically least-related trigeminal ginseng ( Panax trifolius ). The situation is a bit complicated by the fact that many specific ginseng saponins were baptized with the name "ginsenoside Rx n ", where x is the lower alphabet letter a = 1, 2, 3, ... Choosing a chemical name is on its discoverer and does not collide with other names , There is no objection to her. Therefore, in these cases, the word "ginsenoside" is acceptable, as in the phrase "ginsenoside Rb 1 belonging to the panaxosid group". The names of specific panaxosides To distinguish a large number of similar compounds under the name panaxoside / ginsenoside , for historical reasons, labels based on extraction methods are used - panaxosides expanded for chromatography are referred to as "Rf" ( relative to front - relative to the face of chromatography), letters of the alphabet as Ra , Rb, Rc etc., or ginsenoside A, ginsenoside B, ginsenoside C etc. This labeling system appears to have served well phytochemicals alone, but it is too unsystematic for us. "Eleutherosides" - an inappropriate name for the content of eleuterokok ostnitého As regards Eleutherococcus senticosus , an incorrectly Siberian ginseng , well-intentioned Brechman's attempt to name the complex of its "eleuterosides" according to the panaxosid / ginsenoside ginseng model, Davidov ( davydov2000es ) finds it particularly inappropriate. "Eleutherosides" deserve little as the prefix eleutero, since, unlike panaxosides, they have been previously described from other plants, and the suffix -oside because they are not specific glycosides but a group of chemically diverse substances. Unlike ginseng, the adaptogenic properties of eleutherococcus are not a matter of unique chemical compounds, but a combination of substances otherwise known from other plants - syringin (lilac, Syringa ), daukosterol (carrot, daucus), hederasaponin (ivy, Hedera ) ) and more. \| 24.1.2009
Extended Discrete Green's Theorem This discrete Green's theorem (A Discrete Green's Theorem) connects a given function's double integral over a given domain and the linear combination of the values of the function's cumulative distribution function at the corners of the domain. This suggests a natural extension; by partitioning the domain into rectangles and a curvilinear part, we divide the calculation of the function's double integral over the domain into two parts: the integral over the rectangular domain is calculated using the discrete Green's theorem, and the curvilinear part is calculated via the usual double integral. The "sewing" between these two parts is performed using the parameter of tendency, as suggested in the slanted integration method (Slanted Line Integral). The formula stated by this theorem is simply: , where is the slanted line integral of over the edge of the domain . In this Demonstration you can control the location of the points , the curvature of each edge connecting two adjacent vertices, the curve's orientation, and which of the subcurves is calculated. A green, red, or black vertex or edge indicates a positive, negative, or zero tendency. A blue vertex or edge means that the tendency is not calculated. • [Snapshot] • [Snapshot] • [Snapshot] • [Snapshot] Snapshot 1: The only vertices that do not occur in the final linear combination are (since the tendency is zero at these vertices). Let us detail the calculations that led to the theorem's statement: Here the first step is due to the additivity of the slanted integral, the second step is due to the definition of the slanted integral and the curve's tendencies at the specific points, and the last step is due to the discrete Green's theorem. Snapshot 2: In case the edges are perpendicular to the axes, then the theorem agrees with the discrete Green's theorem. Note that here the edges and were not selected, thus the color of the vertices and is light red (to denote that their matching coefficient in the final linear combination is , and not {-, {1}}; and is colored blue to denote that no calculation at all is done at this vertex. Snapshot 3: Note that here the vertices and meet. Thus, these vertices' coefficient is ( and cancel). A more delicate deduction occurs in the upper-left corner of the domain. To simplify the discussion, let us denote the intersection point of the edges and by . The double integral over the whole rectangle LC1OC2 should be deducted: part of it does not intersect the given domain, and the double integral over the other part is calculated twice (once for each of the edges LL and ML—the dark yellow part in the graph). Indeed, we note that the integral is automatically deducted, since (according to the discrete Green's theorem): , and thus the deduction is bidirectional: the integral over the rectangle is deducted, the unwanted vertices C2,L,C1 are deducted, and in return we get with a coefficient, as we would expect in the discrete Green's theorem for the polygon . Snapshot 4: This snapshot depicts the following property of the slanted line integral: if is closed, then where is the curve taken with reversed orientation. It is easy to see from this snapshot that: where stands for the boundary of , and is the outer polygon, . A rigorous formulation of the theorem is as follows. Let be a simply connected domain in , whose boundary is a tendable curve (its tendency is defined everywhere). Let be an integrable function and let , , be a cumulative distribution function of f. Then , where is the slanted line integral of over the boundary of the domain D, regardless of the choice of points used to calculate the slanted line integral. This theorem can be improved by selecting the points on the curve such that the computational efficiency is maximized, rather than by selecting the points arbitrarily. The theory of semidiscrete calculus is given in [1]. [1] A. Finkelstein. "The Theory behind the 'Summed Area Tables' Algorithm: A Simple Approach to Calculus," (May 25, 2010). http://arxiv.org/abs/1005.1418. • Share: Embed Interactive Demonstration New! Files require Wolfram CDF Player or Mathematica. Mathematica » The #1 tool for creating Demonstrations and anything technical. Wolfram\|Alpha » Explore anything with the first computational knowledge engine. MathWorld » The web's most extensive mathematics resource. Course Assistant Apps » An app for every course— right in the palm of your hand. Wolfram Blog » Read our views on math, science, and technology. 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Monday, June 9, 2014 Tachometer; Tachometer types; Tachometer applications A tachometer is a device which can be used to quantify the revolution rate of any rotating object for example motor or a rotating shaft. It's whether they may be rotating in the ahead or astern way and can be used to estimate rate on board boats and it uses in the marine engineering discipline at the same time. In this post you'll understand the working principle. Tachometers are used in all vehicles to measure speed of vehicle also tachometers are used in industry for synchronizing of the machines. There are following types of tachometers are described as below:- Mechanical Tachometers Magnetic Tachometers A.C. Tachometers D.C. Tachometers Mechanical Tachometer As you are able to see below such a tachometer in the diagram is just a linkage of rotating shafts, rotating weights and equipment. Tachometer; Mechanical Mechanical tachometers use how the centrifugal force is determined by the speed of spinning and may be used to stretch or compress a spring that is mechanical. Vibrating reed, or a resonance, tachometer uses engine speed to be determined by a chain of tuned reeds by suggesting the machine's oscillation frequency. These types of Tachometers are as Shown Above Two primary drawbacks with this are that the weights that are mechanical have inertia and therefore not quite precise and second it doesn't give an indicator of the way of turning. D.C. Tachometer This is seen in the diagram and the essential magnetic flux is given by the permanent magnets for the functioning while the whirling movement is supplied by the input signal in the rotating shaft or motor whose rate must be quantified. DC Tachometer is equivalent to DC generator which generates DC signals which are used and processed for displaying the speed. DC Tachometers are also used in Industries for synchronization of machines i.e. for controlling the speed of whole machine. Thus we see this device could be used as bridge as well on the control panel to tell responsibility officer or the duty engineer about direction and the rate of rotation.
The regal dairy product is called Västerbottensost, and the BBC sent writer Jonathan Knott to the source to investigate the intricacies of what makes this cheese so special. vasterbottensost 1 The birthplace of Västerbottensost is Burträsk, a small Swedish village that’s under 200 miles away from the Arctic Circle. According to legend, a dairymaid named Ulrika Eleonora Lindstrom got distracted one day by a lover while making cheese. She couldn’t just scrap everything and start over, so instead she reheated the curds and the cheesemaking process went on longer than normal. After the cheese went through its usual aging process, Lindstrom cracked open the wheel and discovered the taste was remarkable. vasterbottensost 2 Västerbottensost can’t be made anywhere else. It’s not just because the recipe is a closely guarded secret that’s only passed from one master cheesemaker to the next. The Norrmejerier dairy itself tried to move production to a nearby larger town, but failed to produce cheese that was up to standard. Could it be the spruce shelves? The soil? The local milk? A meteor (seriously)? Forensic DNA analysis and at least 12 documentaries about this cheese haven’t made the mystery any clearer. Knott’s BBC piece features some insight into the theories that surround it, but similarly offers no answers. Still, we wouldn’t be worried if we were Norrmejerier. This small facility with a tiny staff still manages to make 4,000 tonnes of that golden magic per year—which is around 8,000,000 pounds. vasterbottensost 3 Unsurprisingly, the Norrmejerier dairy keeps their exact processes a secret, but confirms that the cheese continues to be made the same way it has been for over a hundred years. Evaluation of the consistency of the cheese is still done by hand, because machines can’t tell you how it feels between your fingers. It’s then formed into large wheels, brined, and aged on special spruce shelves for at least fourteen months, occasionally being turned so it ages evenly. The master cheesemaker has to approve each wheel before it’s declared fit for consumption. [via the BBC]
Friday, March 31, 2017 Tom Trueheart Tom Trueheart "Tom Trueheart must rescue his six brothers and their Princess brides from the Land of Dark Stories." Tom is the hero of the story. "He has a special sword, He has courage, He has purpose, There is only one problem, he is the size of a thumb." Click on the url below and watch the short clip Before you start writing think about the following questions: What has happened to Tom’s brothers and their Princess Brides? How have they been captured and why? What do you think Tom will do to rescue them? What does his plan involve? Do you think that being the size of a thumb is going to be a disadvantage or an advantage? WALT use adjectives to describe a setting. WALT write a rescue operation for Tom’s family, remembering that Tom is only the size of a thumb. We know we have done this when: We have described the opening scene in detail. What do we see, hear, smell, taste and feel. We have planned a rescue operation thinking about how Tom is going to save his family. Go to this padlet Tom Trueheart and start writing your ideas, words feelings adjectives similies and metaphors. Tom Trueheart One day I was standing in the cold soft snow with birds chirping and branches snapping. I was scared but brave at the same time.I could not hold a normal sword that my brothers have. There is only one problem I am the size of a thumb.So I make everything myself but my favorite thing is my sword it is as sharp as a knife.Then I start to worry I just found out that my brothers and their princess brides are captured by the trolls.They have hated us for years and years because we are rich and they are poor.They don't have enough money to buy food.Last year we gave them $300 for food and then they just used it all in a day.Then we decided to not give them money again.So they were furious and so they probably took my brothers and there princess brides.So I have a plan to save my brothers and their princess brides.So I am going to get my sword and I forgot to tell you that it has special powers.I just tell it to turn me into something or get bigger or go invisible and even get stronger .I can turn into heaps of thing and so I tell it to turn me into a giant bird and so I fly to the castle. Then I land I tell it to turn me invisible so I can pick up a pan and whack it around the guard’s head. So I sneak up behind the guard’s and BING down goes the guard and then the other one BONG oops sorry not.So I run to my brothers and their brides they were tied up to a pole and then I said to my sword make me not invisible and bring me back normal. So I can use you to get my brothers and there princess brides.I chop them off the pole and I said let's go we should go before they wake up.We go to the gate to open it and we opened it we ran as fast as a cheetah.We went back to the forest.But so how did I get there I was only the size of a thumb but remember my sword remember it can turn me into things.So I told it to turn me into a giant and so I got home…..a few moments later we made a house out of wood metal and also a part of a tree for a table.I said to my brothers and there princess brides I hope you don't get taken again by those stupid trolls again that was a big mission to get yous but it was worth it.I like this adventure so much it was fun I just figured out you don't have to be a normal person to save people from big things.We sat down and I made a kettle of tea we had a cup of tea and a gingerbread cookie and eventually we fell asleep.The End No comments: Post a Comment Please structure your comments as follows: Positive - Something done well
Academic Journals Database Disseminating quality controlled scientific knowledge Author(s): Nasri Hamid \| Mubarak Muhammed Journal: Journal of Renal Injury Prevention ISSN 2345-2781 Volume: 2; Issue: 2; Start page: 85; Date: 2013; VIEW PDF PDF DOWNLOAD PDF Download PDF Original page Keywords: Acute kidney injury \| Hypercalcemia \| Hypervitaminosis D \| Medication error \| Vitamin D toxicity \| Chronic Kidney Disease Implication for health policy/practice/research/medical education:Vitamin D has become a popular drug nowadays and is commonly prescribed for a variety of illnesses. Dosage, prescription and dispensing errors are common and can lead to vitamin D toxicity. The diagnosis of the later is often delayed and can lead to irreversible damage to a number of organs including kidneys. It is important to educate both the health care providers and the patients on the benefits and risks of use of vitamin D and inform them of the safety measures to avoid overdosing of the drug. Vitamin D intoxication can lead to acute or chronic renal injury and this cause should be considered in differential diagnosis of unusual cases of renal failure and hypercalcemia. Why do you need a reservation system? Affiliate Program
Wednesday, July 6, 2011 Go overboard To do or say too much because you are so enthusiastic or excited about something. To go to extremes or be excessive. 1. Some people think that Ricky Gervais went overboard with his humor at the “Golden Globes” this year because many of his jokes were offensive: 2. Many university students go overboard with excessive drinking and partying. 3. When you go shopping, do you go overboard or are you able to control your spending? 4. Some people go overboard with their cars’ sound systems. They have powerful speakers that make it sound like they have a disco on wheels. 5. “Black Friday” is the day following Thanksgiving Day in the United States, traditionally the beginning of the Christmas shopping season. On this day, many retailers open very early, often at 4am, and offer promotional sales to kick off (start) the shopping season. People often go overboard and fight for an item because there are not enough. Take a look at this video where people are fighting over an Xbox: 1. Is it possible to go overboard and be too fanatical about learning English? 2. I love the way you illustrate and explain idioms and phrasal verbs. Keep up the great job. Thanks a lot :) 3. I appreciate that Jekel, especially coming from another English teacher... if you have any examples to share, please do so! It takes a lot of thinking for me sometimes to come up with examples that most people can relate to... and of course I have to be diplomatic and avoid too much political stuff... so it it sometimes time-consuming... but I enjoy it. Also I use some of the material in my own private conversation classes. 4. iT was good. Thanks. 5. You're welcome Lirio! Keep coming back for more...
Night blindness could provoke fears By HSC Staff Writer • Published: January 18th, 2006 Category: Health in a Heartbeat Do monsters under the bed keep your child awake at night? Or could it be the bogeyman hiding in the closet? But what if your child’s fear of the dark doesn’t stem from some imaginary creature or irrational fear? It’s a rare problem, but experts say a retinal disorder called congenital stationary night blindness could explain why some children are terrified of the dark… they can’t see. Most people’s eyes adjust after a minute or two in the dark. But this adjustment never happens for people with congenital night blindness, even if they can see perfectly fine in the light. The inherited eye disease causes the eye’s light-processing photoreceptors linked to night vision to malfunction, preventing those who have it from seeing in the dark. Scottish researchers who study night blindness say the condition can cause an intense fear of the dark in children. And this retinal disorder isn’t the only condition that can lead to night blindness. The most common causes are untreated nearsightedness and the degenerative retinal disorder retinitis pigmentosa. Studies also show that a diet deficient in vitamin A can lead to night blindness. University of Florida researchers are aiming to uncover the secrets behind a protein that could help those who suffer from night blindness. The protein arrestin regulates how sensitive cells are to light. But currently few treatments exist for children with congenital stationary night blindness. And until science sheds more light on this condition, a nightlight may be the best solution for parents.
London: Planning to join French classes? Here is a reason why you should go ahead with your plan – learning another language "rewires" the brain and could help slow the onset of dementia, claims a new study. Researchers at the York University in Toronto, Canada, found that learning two languages makes the brain work harder, making it more resilient in later life. For the study, the researchers led by Dr Ellen Bialystok looked at hospital records of dementia patients who were either monolingual or bilingual. It was found that bilingual patients were diagnosed with dementsia three to four years after those who spoke only one language. "Specifically, monolingual patients were diagnosed on average at age 75.4 years and bilinguals at age 78.6 years," they wrote in the journal Trends in Cognitive Sciences. "Previous studies have established that bilingualism has a beneficial effect on cognitive development in children. In our paper, we reviewed recent studies using both behavioural and neuroimaging methods to examine the effects of bilingualism on cognition in adults," they noted. As lifelong bilingualism appeared to have the strongest protective effect, they said, any attempt at learning another language was likely to be beneficial, as reported. "If bilingualism is protective against some forms of dementia, then middle-aged people will want to know whether it is too late to learn another language, or whether their high-school French will count towards coginitive reserve," they said. In the study, brain imaging scans have found that having to switch between two languages helps exercise parts of the brain that carry out taxing intellectual tasks, like multi-tasking and concentrating intensely on a subject for a sustained period of time. These "executive control" functions tend to be among the first to wane in old age, a process known as "cognitive decline", Dr Bialystok said. "Our conclusion is that lifelong experience in managing attention to two languages reorganises specific brain networks, creating a more effective basis for executive control and sustaining better cognitive performance throughout our lifespan," Dr Bialystok commented. Dr Marie Janson, of Alzheimer's Research UK, said: "We know there are several lifestyle factors -- such as healthy eating, exercise and mental activity -- that could help to reduce our risk of dementia. "This review discusses the evidence that keeping our brains active by switching between different languages could help to resist some of the damage caused by dementia, delaying the onset of symptoms. "More research is needed to tease apart the most beneficial aspects of bilingualism -- whether it is the age we starting learning, how fluent we are or how much we use the language in everyday life."
The definition of a concussion is a brain injury that is caused by either a direct blow to the head, face, neck or elsewhere on the body with a force that is transmitted to the head. A person can display rapid impairment that resolves spontaneously, demonstrate functional rather than structural disturbance, and has a graded set of clinical symptoms which resolve in a sequential course with certain exceptions. A concussion typically does not need any clinical imaging like a CAT scan or MRI of the brain, however these tests are performed to rule out any life-threatening conditions like an intracranial bleed. The most typical signs of a concussion are headache, feeling slowed down, dizziness, nausea, and emotional and/or behavioral changes like anger, crying, or irritability. Football is the most common sport for males to sustain a concussion while soccer is the most common sport for females. Most concussions occur during a game rather than practice. In adults, the leading cause of a concussion is a fall. Typically, if a coach, referee, or trainer suspects a concussion in their student athlete a sideline evaluation occurs. If a concussion is diagnosed by the athletic trainer and/or team physician, that athlete is not allowed to return to the game. In the state of Ohio there is a law that states any athlete that is diagnosed with a concussion is not allowed to return to the same game. That athlete must be evaluated by a physician and complete the return to play process before being able to return to their sport. Some athletes may need special therapy to correct some of their deficits. If a concussion is suspected, it is best for the athlete to remain out of practice or a game. They should rest and hydrate. If noise is bothering the athlete, they should go into the locker room or their parents should take them to a quiet area. That night, the athlete should hydrate and eat if they do not feel nauseated. Parents do not have to wake their child up every hour or two. If the patient still has any concussion signs the next morning, they should be formally evaluated by a concussion expert. Some patients may need time away from school for their symptoms to decrease enough that they can tolerate some school on a half day basis. Have questions about musculoskeletal conditions such as arthritis, chronic pain, disorders and injuries? Send your questions to our team of orthopedic specialists here or call 944-463-7669.
Greenhouse gas milestone as CO2 levels set record Greenhouse gas milestone as CO2 levels set record May 11th, 2013 in News WASHINGTON (AP) - Worldwide levels of the chief greenhouse gas that causes global warming have hit a milestone, reaching an amount never before encountered by humans, federal scientists said Friday. That was during the Pleistocene Era. "It was much warmer than it is today," Tans said. "There were forests in Greenland. Sea level was higher, between 33 to 66 feet." Other scientists say it may have been 10 million years ago that Earth last encountered this level of carbon dioxide. When measurements of this chief greenhouse gas were first taken in 1958, carbon dioxide was measured at 315. Levels are now growing about 2 parts per million per year. That's 100 times faster than at the end of the Ice Age. "What we see today is 100 percent due to human activity," said Tans, a NOAA senior scientist. The burning of fossil fuels, such as coal for electricity and oil for gasoline, has caused the overwhelming bulk of the man-made increase in carbon in the air, scientists say. At the end of the Ice Age it took 7,000 years for carbon dioxide levels to rise by 80 parts per million, Tans said. Because of burning of fossil fuels, such as oil and coal, carbon dioxide levels have gone up by the same amount in just 55 years. Carbon dioxide traps heat just like in a greenhouse and most of it stays in the air for a century, some lasts for thousands of years scientists say.
— Louise L. Hay 4 Steps to Transforming Yourself from a Worrier to a Warrior If you look closely, you will notice that there are only four small vowels that differentiate a worrier from a warrior. Similarly, with only a few small shifts in perspective, you can transform yourself from an ineffectual worrywart to a resourceful, decisive individual. There is a difference between being concerned and being worried. A concern is something that requires your attention, interest, and care; it is something that affects your welfare and happiness. To be concerned engages your awareness toward a desired outcome. Whereas, worry is a repetitive thought pattern that causes anxiety and lacks clarity or perspective. It is corrosive and depleting. Worry is self perpetuating and disempowering, rarely leading to a solution or worthwhile course of action. A warrior is not a person who seeks unnecessary conflict. A true warrior is a person who is able to respond in difficult or threatening situations, decisively with strength, focus, and determination. A warrior is able to turn fear into positive action. By transforming from a worrier to a warrior, you are able to meet concerns with right and just action. Here are four shifts in attitude and perspective that can help you in your transformation. 1. Worriers live in the past and the future. They recycle the past, reliving hurts, failures and injustices, and project them into the future with, What if this and What if that Warriors live in the present. Their creed is What was, was, and what is, is. A warrior determines, what are the best options for optimum results from this point forward? 2. Worriers are stuck in their head, wasting time and energy battling perceived obstacles and playing out imagined scenarios. Warriors challenge their assumptions and preconceived notions, because they know the acronym for fear is: false evidence appearing real. Each challenge needs to been understood from all perspectives. Warriors utilize each of their six senses to assess the situation. Their mind, body, and heart are unified in knowledge and purpose before they move. 3. Worriers live from the outside in. External circumstances set off automatic reactions. There is no pause between cause and effect. Warriors live from the inside out. Their values and integrity determine how they respond to a situation. They have a strong honor code and a well established core belief system. They embrace the power of choice and their own response-ability. 4. Worriers expect the worse and see only limitations. Warriors see a myriad of possibilities and have a deep sense of faith and trust. They maintain a long term perspective, knowing you may lose a battle but still win the war. Warriors are able to let go of the uncontrollable and focus their attention on the areas where they can be effectual. The next time you find yourself fretting over a situation, no matter how serious and real the issue may be, review the above list and select one shift in attitude or perception that you can make to gain greater clarity. This will not be an exercise that you try once and victory is achieved. It will take practice, practice, practice. But the awareness that you have choice and that your life need not be dictated by repetitive, autonomic emotions can be a huge and dramatic shift. This is the path of the Inner Samurai.

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