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Public Release:
Salt levels in fast food vary significantly between countries
Canadian Medical Association Journal
Salt levels vary significantly in the fast foods sold by six major companies in various developed countries, which suggests that technical issues, often cited as barriers to salt reduction initiatives, are not the issue, according to a study in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal).
An international team of researchers from Australia, Canada, France, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States looked at data on the salt content of 2124 food items in seven product categories from six companies. The companies were Burger King (known as Hungry Jack's in Australia), Domino's Pizza, Kentucky Fried Chicken, McDonald's, Pizza Hut and Subway. They looked at savoury breakfast items, burgers, chicken products, pizza, salads, sandwiches and french fries.
Too much dietary salt has been linked to higher blood pressure and other adverse health effects. Estimates show that reductions in salt intake could result in a significant reduction in deaths. Several countries, such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, Finland, Japan and others, have embarked upon salt reduction efforts. More recent efforts have been successful with voluntary salt reduction targets in place or labelling for some types of food. However, food companies often cite technical food processing issues as barriers to reducing salt content, stating that new technology and processes are needed to make lower-salt products.
Salt levels in similar foods varied widely between countries, with fast food in Canada and the US containing much higher levels of sodium than in the UK and France. In Canada, McDonald's Chicken McNuggets contained two and a half times the amount of sodium -- 600 mg sodium (1.5 g salt) per 100 g serving compared to 240 mg sodium (0.6 g salt) per 100 g in UK servings.
"We saw marked variability in the reported salt content of products provided by major transnational fast food companies," writes Dr. Norman Campbell, University of Calgary, with coauthors.
"Canadian companies indicate they have been working to reduce sodium but the high sodium in these foods indicates voluntary efforts aren't working," states Dr. Campbell. "These high levels indicate failure of the current government approach that leaves salt reduction solely in the hands of industry. Salt reduction programs need to guide industry and oversee it with targets and timelines for foods, monitoring and evaluation, and stronger regulatory measures if the structured voluntary efforts are not effective."
The authors write that this is an opportunity for widespread reformulation of products to contain lower levels of salt, a change that could be introduced gradually over several years to minimize consumer backlash.
"Decreasing salt in fast foods would appear to be technically feasible and is likely to produce important gains in population health -- the mean salt levels of fast foods are high, and these foods are eaten often," they conclude.
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Monday, June 2, 2008
Buchu As Alternative Medicine
Buchu As Alternative Medicine
Buchu is an ancient alternative medicine used in South Africa by the Khoikhoi natives. It was used to treat cholera and prostate gland infections. This herb was later introduced to Great Britain around 1800.
1. It is a remedy for urinary tract infections such as painful urination.
2. It regulates blood sugar levels.
3. It is used to treat kidney problems such as gallstones.
4. It is a treatment for yeast infections.
5. It is effective in alleviating PMS bloating.
6. It is used for treating prostate incontinence.
7. It eases inflammation and pain associated with gout and rheumatism.
Buchu is available as tea, tincture and capsules. It is considered a safe herb with no toxicity. Buchu vinegar is made by steeping fresh sprigs in white vinegar. This vinegar is great for cleaning wounds. For prostate disorders use the leaves. To treat urinary tract infections take the herb as a tea. For gout or rheumatism pains a poultice or tea is excellent.
Buchu is not recommended for those who suffer from any kidney infections and disorders such as painful urination and blood in urine. Side effects include diarrhea, stomach upset, kidney irritation and menstrual irregularity. It is also not to be taken by pregnant or nursing women.
This herb is a popular ingredient in many herbal diuretic formulas sold. In South Africa buchu remains a common alternative medicine in many households.
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How the Blackout of 1977 Helped Hip Hop Blow Up
DJ Disco Wiz, the first Latino Hip Hop DJ, shares his memories and insights on the 40th anniversary of the blackout of 1977.
Miss Rosenby Miss Rosen
Photo: At dawn, the Manhattan skyline shows no lights due to a power blackout, New York, New York, July 14, 1977. The photo was taken from Jersey City, New Jersey. (Photo by Allan Tannenbaum/Getty Images).
On the evening of July 13, 1977, DJ Disco Wiz and his partner Casanova Fly (later Grandmaster Caz) were in the park on Valentine and 183rd Street in the Bronx with their sound system set up for a battle with a local cat they had regularly been blowing off. But DJ Eddie wouldn’t take no for an answer, so they relented and gave him a chance to make a name for himself.
The city had been going through a ten-day heat wave with temperatures above 100. Wiz was concerned if their small portable fans would keep the amps cool, as they didn’t have internal cooling systems. Although it was hot and humid, people were having a good time. Around 9:30 p.m., Caz got on the turntables. Then the record slowly spun to a stop.
It wasn’t unusual for them to lose power in them middle of a park battle; they hooked their sound system up to the lamppost and had drained the electricity before. But this night, something was different as they watched the street lights go out in rapid succession. Then they realized all the lights in the buildings had gone dark. Suddenly, they heard a huge BANG. A bodega owner had just slammed the gate to his store shut.
As gates on the block began slamming down right and left, it dawned on everyone: Blackout! The crowd started yelling, “Hit the stores! Hit the stores!” Then they advanced on Wiz and Caz, thinking they could jack their sound system. But the DJs stayed strapped. Guns drawn, they pointed directly at the crowd, as Caz ordered, “Go that way, motherfuckers!”
Thinking quickly, Caz saw an opportunity and decided to score. He dipped over to a local spot to pick up a Clubman 2 Mixer while Wiz and his boys packed up the sound system and brought it back to his mother’s house in the dark, a few blocks away. Then Wiz went back out into the night. His target was Crazy Eddie’s, over on Fordham Road.
A major electronics store chain with 43 stories in four states, Crazy Eddie’s was a shady operation that was shut down by the U.S. government a decade later. On the night of the blackout, they understood what they were up against and posted eight men on the roof with guns, ready to shoot anyone who wanted to look. “It was like trying to rob a drug dealer,” Wiz remembers.
He kept it moving, hitting up a nearby sneaker shop where he filled garbage bags with Pumas and Pro-Keds that kept him fresh for years to come. “It was Christmas in July,” Wiz recalled. After that, he headed over to the home of his girlfriend, who was five months pregnant with their daughter at the time and retired for the night.
The blackout lasted a total of 25 hours, resulting in $300 million in damages from looting, rioting, and arson. “It was the perfect storm,” Wiz remembers. “New York had been decimated. People just rebelled. Class and race didn’t matter. That night, people acted out of necessity. It as anarchy and barbaric at a point.”
The city had teetered on the brink of bankruptcy as the Federal government abandoned it back in 1975 under a policy of “benign neglect,” by which basic municipal services were cut to the bone or completely denied.
Property owners had already long established a practice of arson, knowing they could get more from insurance than they could from rent or resale—and they would not be prosecuted for it. “Arson was a business in New York before the blackout,” Wiz states. In New York, there is no such thing as theft insurance so many used the blackout as an opportunity to burn down their stores. In total 1,037 fires were set that night, many of which burned into the morning.
At the same time the New York Police Department was woefully undermanned to handle the chaos as 500 officers had been laid off in the first six months of 1977, due to severe budget cuts. The cops on patrol did what they could, making the largest mass arrest in the city’s history with 3,776 people taken in and stuffed into overcrowded cells.
The next morning, Wiz remembers, “It looked like a war zone. The streets were decimated. Like a tornado or a tsunami had hit. An eerie clam settled over the neighborhood, while the fires still burned and the smoke still lingered. For weeks, things were sprawled out on the streets: furniture, clothing, shoes, broken pieces of stuff. It was sad.”
In total, 1,1616 stores were damaged that night. Wiz notes that a shameful irony of the blackout was a many of the stores that were hit were minority-owned. “I’ve felt remorse since then,” he reveals, “but at that moment, it didn’t resonate with me. Everyday, we were in survival mode. Just going to the grocery store, you put your life in your hands. There’s not much wiggle room for remorse. I was 16. Caz was 17. As you mature and root yourself out of that environment, start your own family and your own business, new levels of respect and appreciation come into play. But you don’t think that way as a kid in that environment.”
There is one bright light in the blackout that shines through: the number of new DJs that came up after getting their hands on electronics. Before the blackout there were just a handful of DJ crews in the Bronx.
“Sound equipment was expensive to buy and to maintain. What little money we might have made at clubs got reinvested back into the equipment,” Wiz remembers. Back then, they would hook up with someone who had an amp and let him rock the mic or spin a set. “A guy might say, ‘I got speakers—can I get down?’ It’s not like we had the money to put together a giant sound system.”
discowizWiz got into DJing when he was 13, when he saw Kool Herc spinning at the Webster P.A.L. in 1974. “The music I heard that day put me into a trance, and when Herc picked up the microphone to say a simple, ‘Check one and two’—that was it for me,” he writes in his 2009 memoir, It’s Just Begun: The Epic Journey of DJ Disco Wiz, Hip Hop’s First Latino DJ (powerHouse Books).
Although putting together a sound system was expensive, it was an achievable goal, one that brought likeminded folks together for the purpose of channeling their creativity into something fun and new.
Wiz remembers, “To have the audacity to bring a sound system to the park when people barely had a radio in their homes, just to be able to play music for the community… We used to wheel our stuff into the park while people were playing handball, basketball, hopscotch, and Double Dutch. No one would look at us. It was weird. We’d hotwire the street lamps and set up our milk crates and play records and people would come around. It wasn’t an anticipated—as it would be now. No one knew what we were doing. It wasn’t an everyday occurrence. I remember one kid saw me setting up with Caz and asked, ‘What are you—a band or something?”
Wiz laughs. “DJing wasn’t part of the dialogue. It wasn’t a common thing. It was weird for people to see kids wheeling an amp and speakers and crates of records into the park, but once the music came on, the adults came around. No one paid us. It wasn’t about money then. Hip Hop was an instinct. It wasn’t a feeling. There was no blueprint. We built it was we went along from our hearts, from our love to be creative, and to fed our communities.”
With virtually no money coming in and expensive systems to maintain, Hip Hop, which was purely a DJ phenomenon in 1977, could have easily disappeared if not for the blackout. Looking back on the 40th anniversary, Wiz understands, “It was a spark. It had to come from urban decay. Everyone who was into Hip Hop went the jams of the era and channeled that energy back to their crews. By the time of the blackout, Caz and I had already built a name for our selves. We had people looking up to us, just as I looked up to Herc. They wanted to be like us. The blackout provided them with the resources. It kind of financed the next generation of aspiring DJs. That’s the silver lining. Out of destruction came new life.”
All photographs and flyers: Courtesy of DJ Disco Wiz.
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All about yellow eyed penguin
Yellow eyed Penguin Taxonomic name
Megadyptes antipodes
Dimension: 5.7 kg (m), 5.4 kg (f).
Nest kind: under dense plants.
Favourite food: fish and squid.
The Yellow eyed Penguin is commonly described as the rarest penguin worldwide, although, unfortunately, there are others that could possibly lay claim to that crown too: especially the Galapagos and also Fiordland Penguins.
Grownups are distinct with their yellow eyes and also yellow eye-stripes that join astride the head. Moulting birds and also birds mixed-up can be perplexed with crested penguins. Immature birds are similar to adults but have a light yellow chin as well as a much less vibrant yellow eye-stripe.
description of yellow eyed penguin
They nest in dense plants in dunes and seaside woodland, with nests typically being isolated from each various other. At sea, Yellow-eyed Penguins forage in sets or alone.
Distribution of Yellow eyed Penguin.
Endemic to New Zealand, Yellow-eyed Penguins reproduce on the east and south coastline of the South Island, on and also around Stewart Island, the Auckland Islands, and Campbell Islands.
Migration as well as Vagrancy:.
Resident. Grownups can be discovered near the reproducing colonies throughout the year. Juveniles distribute as far north as East Cape, North Island, but none have actually been videotaped in Australia.
Reproducing Period and Moult:.
Yellow-eyed penguins have a very long chick-rearing period (100 days). Consequently, reproducing extracts from September to February. Moult occurs at the end of the breeding period.
yellow eyed penguin
Diet of Yellow considered Penguin.
Yellow-eyed Penguins feed generally on fish. Both, pelagic and also demersal types are taken. Cephalopods are required to a lesser level, however might be more important for immatures and for grownups in years when readily available fish stocks are limited.
That’s information all about yellow eyed penguin. To see recent articles please visit home page, next article is information about magellanic penguin.
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Brian Epstein
Brian Epstein 1934to –1967
English music entrepreneur, and manager of the Beatles. His Jewish family had been selling furniture in Liverpool for years, which later expanded to appliances, and then music under the name NEMS. Epstein at first wanted to become an actor, and attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, but he eventually returned to the family business. It was while managing NEMS that he first heard of the Beatles, who had been featured on the cover of a local music publication sold in his store. In November 1961, he arranged to see their performance at the local Cavern Club, and was immediately impressed by their music and charm. He became the Beatles’ manager shortly after, making what seemed like an outrageous claim that they were going to be “bigger than Elvis.” His first order of business was refining their image: he exchanged their leather jackets and jeans for clean-cut suits, and discouraged their habits of smoking, drinking, and swearing on stage. He then went searching for a record deal, but was repeatedly turned away, before finally convincing George Martin at EMI, who was swayed largely by Epstein’s enthusiasm. His final hurdle was the uncomfortable task of firing drummer Pete Best, later to be replaced with the more skilled Ringo Starr. With all the pieces in place, the Beatles quickly shot to worldwide fame. They remained the most important musical artists of the 60s, and throughout this time, the Beatles trusted Epstein unconditionally—sometimes to their detriment. They had a habit of signing contracts unread, and lost a lot of the rights to their merchandizing and songs as a result. But Epstein kept them united and focused, and he was treated like family. The Beatles didn’t care about Epstein’s homosexuality, which was a known secret, and John Lennon, in particular, teased him about it frequently. But they were also extremely protective, and if anyone outside the band tried making a joke about his sexuality, that person would find themselves apologizing and ostracized. Lennon and Epstein shared an intense relationship at times, though they claimed it never turned sexual, and Epstein was known to cruise London’s gay haunts, employ rent boys, and vacation where laws around homosexuality were more lax. (It wouldn’t be decriminalized in England until a month after his death.) Like the Beatles, Epstein participated in the drug culture of the 1960s, and defended the use of cannabis and LSD. But it was his abuse of pills—stimulants and barbiturates—which led to addiction. He died unexpectedly at the age of 32 of a barbiturate overdose, combined with alcohol. The Beatles were devastated by the news, and it’s often thought that Epstein’s death marked the beginning of the end of their career. Only in recent years has he been given more credit as the glue that held the Beatles together, or “the Fifth Beatle” according to Paul McCartney.
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Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992 Test | Mid-Book Test - Medium
Buy the Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992 Lesson Plans
Name: _________________________ Period: ___________________
Multiple Choice Questions
1. What statement does Haywood make about the women he sees in the riots and the fire?
(a) They all looked frail and fragile and it was unfortunate that they were caught up in the riots.
(b) He saw how gentle the female species were.
(c) He felt an urgent need to protect the women he saw.
(d) He has never seen such hostility in females as he saw that day.
(a) A Korean.
(b) An Asian.
(c) A Mexican.
(d) An African-American.
3. What effect does being a policeman have inside a courtroom?
(a) He silences the crowd inside the courtroom because of the raw power he exudes.
(b) He seems to be surrounded by a kind of magic brought about by the respect people have for members of the police force.
(c) He makes people stay away from courtrooms.
(d) He always brings about riot in the courtroom because of the passionate feelings the public has towards policemen in general.
4. What does Joe Viola tell his wife when he recovers from all of the shock?
(a) He was going to get their kids.
(b) He was going to buy liquor from the store.
(c) He was going to get his gun and shoot anyone he sees.
(d) He was going to drive away for a while until the riot dies down.
(a) There were no police to be found when the looting of their applicance store started.
(c) The police asked for money before assisting them.
(d) The police quickly helped them, which prevented their store from being looted.
Short Answer Questions
1. What statement does Garcetti make about the credibility of police officers?
2. While confined in the hospital on morphine, Reginald Denny remembers some characters coming to see him. Who are they?
3. How does Mrs. Park describe her ordeal during Mr. Park's hospitalization?
4. What does Gil Garcetti believe in when it comes to jurors and their participation in trials?
Short Essay Questions
1. Explain Cornel West's theory on gangsterism.
2. Tom Bradley prepared four different messages for possible release to the media. Speculate on these four messages. What could these messages be and what scenario is the particular message for?
4. Describe Peter Sellars' comparison of his father and the United States. How are they alike, according to him?
5. What is a "Jungian Collective Unconscious"? Where is this discovered?
6. Describe Josie Morales' participation in the Rodney King story. How does she come to witness the beating and what is her story about it? Describe her efforts in becoming a part of the trial, and describe the results of her efforts.
7. How does Mrs. Young-soon Han describe the injustices suffered by the Korean immigrants?
8. Describe Paul Parker's crusade. What drives him to pursue this crusade?
9. Describe John, Murika, and Judith Tur's stories in relation to the beatings. What do they witness and how do they feel about the events they have witnessed?
10. Describe the changes that took place in the Beverly Hills Gun Club after the riots.
(see the answer keys)
This section contains 1,766 words
(approx. 6 pages at 300 words per page)
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10/10/2012 08:25 am ET
Sleep And Memory: Study Sheds Light On Importance Of Entorhinal Cortex In Working Memory
A new study is shedding more light on the relationship between sleep and memory.
The entorhinal cortex, which connects the neocortex brain region and the hippocampus brain region, and is vital to working memory (the memory that we use when we do things like remember a phone number), is persistently active even while we sleep, according to the research in mice from the University of California, Los Angeles. In other words, this part of the brain works like it's remembering something even during sleep.
"The big surprise here is that this kind of persistent activity is happening during sleep, pretty much all the time," study researcher Mayank R. Mehta, neurophysics professor at UCLA, said in a statement. "These results are entirely novel and surprising. In fact, this working memory–like persistent activity occurred in the entorhinal cortex even under anesthesia."
The findings, published in the journal Nature Neuroscience, are important because they provide a new understanding of how the brain is working during sleep -- one that shows how integral the entorhinal cortex is in how memory is consolidated.
LiveScience explained how the new findings differ from the prior understanding of memory and sleep:
Previous research suggested that this critical memory-making process depends on the hippocampus, sometimes called the old brain, communicating with the neocortex during sleep. But a new study shows the main interface between those two regions —- the entorhinal cortex —- also plays an important role in memory formation.
"These results provide, to the best of our knowledge, the first direct evidence for persistent activity in MECIII [medial entorhinal cortex layer III] neurons in vivo and reveal its contribution to cortico-hippocampal interaction that could be involved in working memory and learning of long behavioral sequences during behavior, and memory consolidation during sleep," the researchers wrote in the study.
7 Sleep Conditions
7 Sleep Conditions
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Names of Tests Should Describe Features
This article is a paraphrasing of an extract from the book: Growing Object-Oriented Software, Guided by Tests, by Steve Freeman.
The name of the test should be the first clue for a developer to understand what is being tested and how the object is supposed to behave.
A common approach is to name a test after the method it is exercising, perhaps with multiple tests for the different paths through the same method. For example:
public class TargetObject{
public void choose(Picker picker){
public class TargetObjectTest{
@Test public void choose(){...}
@Test public void choose1(){...}
@Test public void choose2(){...}
A better alternative is to name tests in terms of the features that the target object provides. For example, the TestDox convention, where each test reads like a sentence, with the target class as the implicit subject. For example:
• A List holds items in the order they were added.
• A List can hold multiple references to the same item.
• A List throws an exception when removing an item it doesn’t hold.
We can translate these directly to method names:
public class ListTest{
@Test public void holdsItemsInTheOrderTheyWereAdded() {...}
@Test public void canHoldMultipleReferencesToTheSameItem() {...}
@Test public void throwsAnExceptionWhenRemovingAnItemItDoesntHold() {...}
The point of the convention is to encourage the developer to think in terms of waht the target object does (i.e., its behaviour), rather than what the target object is.
The test name should should say something about:
• the expected result
• tha action of the object
• the motivation for the scenario.
This method name, for example, is not clear enough:
It would be better named as:
The above explains both the scenario and the expected result.
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Who is a Carer?
A Carer is a person who provides care for a parent, child or friend who has a physical or intellectual disability, is frail aged, or has a psychiatric or chronic illness.
It isn’t necessary for the person who is cared for (the “Care Recipient”) to be a relative of the Carer. Nor is it necessary that Carer and Care Recipient live under one roof.
Carers are not paid for their work, unlike nurses and others in the caring professions. In fact Carers often have limited capacity to engage in paid employment as their caring responsibilities often occupy 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
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Orion Nebula
Earth's equatorial belt ... of satellites
Contributed by
Jul 11, 2017
Speaking of satellites…
So, I recently wrote about a lovely image of the nearby galaxy M77. It’s a beautiful picture, but it had a weird thing in it: a short, multi-colored streak. I conjectured that it was a geosynchronous satellite, a human-made satellite orbiting roughly 40,000 km up, directly above the Earth’s equator. In such an orbit, it takes the satellite 24 hours to circle the Earth once, so from our point of view it stays stationary in the sky even as the stars rise and set.
If the orbit is slightly elliptical, or inclined a bit, the satellite will appear to move a little, and given that the galaxy is located in the sky directly above the Earth’s equator (the projection of the Earth’s equator on the sky is called the celestial equator), I convinced myself that’s what I was seeing (as opposed to an asteroid, which could also move slowly across an image). But readers started chiming in, and I realized quickly I was wrong, so I updated the post to let people know.
One person who contacted me is my old friend Adam Block from the University of Arizona's Astroomy Department, who is a gifted astrophotographer. He takes amazing images that I’ve featured on the blog many times. Adam reminded me that, in May 2017, he took (with Eric Pearce) an amazing photo showing dozens of geosynch satellites in a long strip across the celestial equator.
Geosynchronous satellites form a belt around the Earth over its equator.
Geosynchronous satellites form a belt around the Earth over its equator. Credit: Adam Block and Eric Pearce/Steward Observatory/University of Arizona
It looks small, but I had to shrink it to fit the blog; the original image is 19240 x 2201 pixels! It’s a mosaic of 10 images, each with an exposure of about 25 seconds. During that time, the rotation of the Earth caused the stars to move, leaving streaks in the exposure. But the satellites move around the Earth at the same rate as the Earth rotates, so they appear motionless, as little dots (the very bright streak is the planet Jupiter).
Adam also created a video of a trio of geosynch sats showing how they hang nearly motionless as the stars zoom past:
In the galaxy post, I mentioned that the positions of the satellites in the sky depend on your latitude; if you’re farther north you’re looking “down” on them a bit and they appear south of the celestial equator. At the time, Adam took the geosynch satellite image above, Jupiter was a few degrees south of the celestial equator, which is why the satellites appear near it.
As it happens, and as Adam reminded me, a lot of interesting astronomical objects appear just south of the celestial equator in the sky … including the famous Orion Nebula. That makes taking images of it a bit of an issue, since lots of satellites can cross it during long exposures. For proof of that, Adam sent me this photo he took:
The Orion Nebula, crisscrossed with satellite streaks.
The Orion Nebula, crisscrossed with satellite streaks. Credit: Adam Block/Mount Lemmon SkyCenter/University of Arizona
Oh, yikes! Look at all those satellite trails! This image is actually rather funny. Usually, when you create a color image, you use a set of filters, like blue, green and red. When added together they produce a “natural” color image that mimics what the eye sees. But there’s a lot more to it than that. In many of the exposures, there will be irritating intruders: cosmic rays (subatomic particles zipping around space that leave a bright streak in the image), bad pixels in the camera and yes, even satellites. So you take a bunch of images in each filter, and combine them in a way that throws out things that aren’t in each image. That way, the nebula or whatever your target is shows up because it doesn’t change from exposure to exposure, but the other things disappear (there are lots of ways to do this, like median filtering).
In the original image, Adam did just this, and produced a spectacular image of the nebula:
The Orion Nebula
The Orion Nebula. Credit: Adam Block/Mount Lemmon SkyCenter/University of Arizona
Whoa. But he was asked by someone to actually show the satellites (he was interested in seeing how the satellites behave). So, what Adam did is take each image that had a satellite streak in it and subtract the cleaned image, leaving only the streak behind. Then he cleaned up the streaks a bit and added them back in to the final image. When he was done, he got the chaos you see in the first image. It doesn’t appeal to me in the same way as the cleaned version, but it’s still pretty cool. And it shows you one small thing we observational astronomers have to deal with when creating images.
I did a lot of this when I worked on Hubble images, and wound up writing a lot of my own software to deal with it. This task is a lot easier now; there are entire suites of astronomical software available to help. Some of it is quite clever; you can feed it a video stream, for example, and it’ll pick out the best parts of each frame to add together to make a single very high-resolution image. This is now a very common practice for planetary imagers.
I love all this. I remember when I used to roll my own Tri-X film and develop it myself, and shot a gazillion photos of the Moon only to have none turn out. Now it’s far easier … but still enough of an art to make it fun, and to be more rewarding the more effort you put into it. I’m very glad that folks like Adam are out there, taking the time needed to create such beauty.
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Satiating Signal from Brain Regulates Feeding: Neuroscience and Genetic perspective for understanding obesity
Obesity is becoming a serious global threat nowadays. Combination lack of exercise and regular comsumption of heavy calorie meals are two major factor that people put blame on. However, there is also genetic factor that contribute to obesity, and study in this realm is still inadequate. Study conducted by Lagerlöf in Science (March, 2016) shed light on the depth understanding on the genetic variant as the basic of obesity.
At first, I like to discuss about the current understanding of obesity. In the more details, I would only be focused on the causes of excessive consumption of meals. A hungry signal and innate desire for feeding are actually regulated by brain using input signal generated in stomach, intestine and adipose tissue. Empty stomach releases Ghrelin and stimulate hypothalamus in the brain for creating hungry signal, but the act of two other organs are actually oppose this. Where excessive accumulation of fat tissue produce leptin which will affect hypothalamus to reduce the tendency to eat. The same also goes with intestine, where it secretes PYY in to the bloodstream with stretching of intestine as the indication of fullness. So, normally people should have a homeostatis to regulate the tendency to eat, so the lean mass could be maintained. However, defect in the gene regulate those hormonal regulation have been investigated can cause over-eating and obesity (such as mutation in leptin gene, or gene encode leptin receptor).
Experiment by Lagerlof et. al explains the mechanism occurred in the brain which will regulate the balance of feeding. Using technique so called as genomic analysis, the researcher is able to pinpoint the one of key regulator for food intake. The gene product catalyzed the posttranslational modification of O-GlacNac and is regulated by dietary and metabolic signal from pheriperal organs. Interestingly, the protein acts differently in different area of brain where increase GOT in PVN (periventricular nucleus) associated with hyperphagia (increase feeding intake), but loss of GOT in ARC (Arcuate Nucleus) correlated with impaired adipose metabolism. The exact mechanism of how GOT control those mechanisms has not been elucidated yet, but the experiment was first to describe the critical molecular processes which used as feeding regulator.
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Why Water- Science behind why we need so much!!
We all know we need to drink more water, but do you know why and how it’s used in the body?
We know from a young age that most of our body is made up of water, about 85% of your brain, 80% of your blood and 70% of your muscle is water. Every cell in your body needs water to live. Water also helps remove toxins that your body takes in from the air you breathe, the chemicals we are exposed too, the food you eat. Water also help with joints by cushioning it.Water carries oxygen and nutrients into all your cells (very important while working out). Water also helps regulate your body temperature( why we crave water on a hot day)
If you’re trying to lose weight water is also important to keep your metabolism working properly as water aids in digestion. In order for this to happen, we need a certain level of water in each of our bodies that needs to be maintained, when that level drops is when we can dehydrate, this is usually when your body kicks in and sends the signal for thirst. Another car analogy here: All cars need oil, If the level gets too low, your engine will start to run really rough. If you let your oil dry out, your engine will stop running. The same thing happens with water in relation to your body. This is why we need to drink six to eight glasses of water a day. Keep in mind, that all non sugared non caffeinated beverages count, any herbal tea counts as a water serving. For every caffeinated or alcohol beverage you should match the amount with extra water. Lets say you drank 8 cups of water, but 1 cup od vodka( Crazy i know, but let’s make the math easier) In order to break even you should consume a total of 9 glasses of water.
Some of the things that may happen to your body if you don’t drink enough water are that your blood pressure can fall to dangerously low levels, you can get blood clots, kidney failure( helps us get rid of toxins), and or constipation(we need it for digestion remember) .
For me to make water consumption easy I bought the biggest Nalgene bottle in existence….
Also quick hint on pee here……As long as your liver and kidneys are healthy your pee should be clear and not smell,
Please, drink water (again!)
Please, drink water (again!) (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
that’s how you know you have consumed enough water.
Lets be good to not only our body but the environment too and use a re-usable bottle
2 responses to “Why Water- Science behind why we need so much!!
1. Wow that is a big bottle. Mine is probably half the size. I have been keeping up on my water intake. Some times I get bored with water. I also drink soy milk (usually just in my cereal) and very rarely orange juice. Any suggestions on other drinks I can have that are not crazy bad for me? It has been 63 days since I have had any soda!
• I would give up the soy milk, if your lactose intolerant try almond milk, if you want fewer calories use skim. I dont drink any juice but there is a drink mix called mio and its like a crystal light but liquid so it doesn’t give that powdery taste.
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in ,
Obama has caused serious damage to the European Union before leaving office, and many years will be needed to mitigate the impact of his emotional farewell. Prior to bursting into tears, Obama gave a cool-headed order for the American armed forces and armored vehicles to be urgently transferred to Germany’s Bremerhaven.
The Baltic republics and Poland were also mobilized to receive Pentagon’s battalions. The purpose of these moves was not to improve European security but to damage the European-Russian relations as much as possible prior to President-elect Donald Trump taking office.
Washington benefits from the situation when Moscow and Brussels are in conflict rather than when they are cooperating. Only together with Russia, with its capacity and market, the European Union has the potential to become a strong and independent player on the international stage.
A strong EU and Russia, together, are serious and uncomfortable competitors for the US. Obama’s mission was to drive a wedge between these neighbors and to disintegrate them. And unfortunately, he succeeded.
Now, when the US forces got as close to Russia’s borders as possible, the relations between Russia and Brussels reached the highest degree of confrontation. Moscow’s message is that expansion of the US presence in Europe destabilizes the security situation in that region. Basically, the Russians are forced to perceive Europe as a threat because of Obama’s political actions. As a result of this, sanctions, and disagreements over Ukraine, a rapid thaw in the EU-Russia relationship is out of the question, which is exactly what Obama counted on.
It is hard to say what have astounded the Europeans most: Obama’s tears or the haste to send US armed personnel to Europe. All these years the US president was treated like a “lame duck”. However, only after losing the presidential race for Clinton, this “duck” turned into a monster, a real source of evil.
Obama used his last weeks in office to inflict as much damage on the EU and Russia as he possibly could. For that sake, he even sacrificed his image and will likely go down in history as an “evil duck”.
Apart from the Europeans, Trump will also feel the aftertaste from Obama’s tears. The new US president has reportedly been critical of NATO actions and intends to decrease its funding. He will have to deal with complex relationships of the alliance with Russia, Poland, and the Baltic republics. It is Trump who will ultimately have to pull out the US forces from Europe.
Before leaving, Obama managed to implement the NATO decisions taken during the NATO summit in Warsaw last year. To be governed by common sense, these decisions were premature and approved in a hurry by some of the European leaders because of the Ukraine crisis. Nowadays, the plans developed at that summit seem to be out of date and even preposterous in the new international landscape, as well as given the positive dialogue initiated between Washington and Moscow.
It is going to be tough to turn the tables on the Warsaw summit decisions, but it is possible. In order to achieve that, the European elites must drop their confrontation policy and finally admit that Obama, hiding behind his tears and deceptive speeches, simply lied to them to drive a wedge between Europe and Russia.
What should Europe do with US soldiers who have already started to arrive there? One suggestion is to put them into their own tanks and fighter jets and send home while breaking into tears of happiness from realizing the fact that “evil ducks” are not going to tread down the European land.
At the end of the day, elimination of Obama’s political legacy will lead to the new era of relations between Europe and Russia, which is going to revive the economy of the nations in Europe, help the EU defend itself from terrorism and relive military tension.
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I recently had an interesting discussion with a mum who has been attending a course addressing anxiety in children. The lecturer made the point that people who are perfectionists often suffer anxiety if things are not done to the standard they desire. This requirement for perfection is then forced upon their children, also making them anxious if things aren’t done right.
She went on the say that parents who have a high level of expectation on their children, often intervene and actually take over the task their child should do (eg. homework, making bed, packing bag etc) to ensure it is done to their standard. This creates a vicious cycle because the child doesn’t learn to do the tasks for themselves and if the parent forgets to do something for the child it leaves the child feeling anxious and upset.
The advice the lecturer gave to the parents attending her course, was to let their children be more independent and to learn the consequences of not having things done perfectly. This will help build more resilient kids and will teach them a level of responsibility for their actions. A teacher is more interested in seeing a child’s attempt at homework, rather than the polished version that a parent has assisted (ie. done) for their child. If a child forgets to pack their library books, then they need to understand they can’t borrow new ones, until they remember to return the ones they already have.
I felt vindicated that a professional has the same opinion as I do on the subject of letting your children do things for themselves. I wrote a post last year ‘The fine line between assisting and doing’ on the subject of giving your children guidance but leaving them to do their homework themselves.
Children need parents to set examples for them, teach them life skills and give them a chance to take responsibility for their actions so that they grow into well-adjusted adults. So if you are a parent who is a perfectionist, take a deep breath and try to live with a little imperfection in your life so that you don’t create anxiety in your children. Kids need to live and learn – so let them!
(Photo courtesy of David Castillo Dominici,
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Frode Fjellheim: Kyrie
Books | Piano, SSAA
Catalogue No: BH13403
Composer: Frode Fjellheim
Format: Sheet Music | Vocal Work
Kyrie, in the original version, was part of Fjellheim’s album called Biejjien vuelie - Solkvad. “Biejjien vuelie” menas “Yoik of the sun” in South Sámi language. "Solkvad" (or "Sólarjólb" in the original Norse language), is a poem included in the old Norse poem collection Den eldre Edda. The music on the album was inspired by both the Norse poems and the Sámi yoik tradition.
The Sámi culture is mentioned on several places in the old Sagas, and indicates that the society in the Nordic countries around year 1000 was indeed multi-cultural. The poems selected from the Norse literature had a certain sacred atmosphere; that is why they were combined with elements from the Latin Mass for the album.
One fine example for this combination is Kyrie. The words “Kyrie eleison” are used both in Latin and South Sámi language, with the Sámi version having another rhythm and differently stressed syllables.
ISBN: 9781784543457
Skill Level: Intermediate Explain this
Published on: 17 August 2017
Language: English
Publisher: Boosey & Hawkes
Frequently bought together
Price for both - £4.74
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Magnetic Force Direction Question
1. Dec 8, 2011 #1
r= 0.12m
B = 0.0720T
I = 21.0A
Fm= 0.104 N [up]
A magnetic force of 0.104 N [up] acts on a 12.0cm long wire that runs[N 10 degrees E] through a magnetic field of 0.0720 T. If the current in the wire is 21.0 A, then what is the direction of the magnetic field?
This physics Level is 4U in Canada, or grade 12.
2. Relevant equations
B = IlBsin(theta)
Not sure what other equations to use.
Right hand rule might be relevant but not sure how to apply it.
3. The attempt at a solution
I am completely stumped and do not know where to start.
2. jcsd
3. Dec 8, 2011 #2
You need an equation between magnetic field strength and magnetic force. And watch out because you need to know directions of these vectors as well as just a formula.
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Missing angle, Tan Theta?
1. Oct 9, 2011 #1
Ok, so this is really basic and i could do it at the snap of a finger liek a year ago but it's completely escaped me. Maths is too much.
This is a right angle triangle, with the right angle on angle C. Angles are marked A, B and C. Side CB = Adjacent, Side BA = Hyp and side CA = opposite.
A smaller triangle is sat with it's hypotenuse as side CA. It's a right angle triangle with D as the right angle, which sits on a line that travels from C to directly over A.
a) Calculate size of angle BAC.
Give your answer to 1 DP.
b) Calulate length of DA.
Give your answer to 3 sf.
2. Relevant equations
AB = 22cm
AC = 10cm
Angle ACB = angle ADC = Angle BAD = 90
3. The attempt at a solution
I'm stuck. It's a simple bit of knowledge I've forgotten.
Something to do with Sineθ ?
Last edited: Oct 9, 2011
2. jcsd
3. Oct 9, 2011 #2
Staff: Mentor
If C is the right angle, then the hypotenuse can't be CB.
The sides of the triangle would have to be AC and BC, and the hypotenuse would be AB.
Please give us the correct problem description.
4. Oct 9, 2011 #3
Oh crap, I'm sorry!
CB is the adjacent and angle AB is the Hypotenuse.
5. Oct 9, 2011 #4
Staff: Mentor
Does this change affect anything else in your problem description? If so, please edit your original post to correct anything that might be wrong. You can edit your post by clicking the Edit button.
6. Oct 9, 2011 #5
No, I don't think it should - I've edited whatever it may have effected
7. Oct 9, 2011 #6
Staff: Mentor
Your description still doesn't make sense to me.
The hypotenuse of the smaller triangle is CA on the larger triangle. Where is point D? It can't be on line segment CA, since that's the hypotenuse (of the smaller triangle). Angle D has to be across from the hypotenuse.
If you can draw a picture of the two triangles, and label each angle, that would be helpful.
8. Oct 9, 2011 #7
User Avatar
Staff Emeritus
Science Advisor
Do you understand that the "hypotenuse" of a right triangle is the side opposite the right angle. "angle AB is the Hypotenuse" is impossible.
9. Oct 9, 2011 #8
Staff: Mentor
The OP meant side AB, but I am still not able to get a clear picture from his/her description.
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Power and energy signals
1. Sep 23, 2011 #1
Hello PF,
I have trouble understanding these 2 types of signals. I mean definition is clear, math is also mostly clear, but intuition isn't.
Can somebody explain to me, why signals that have finite energy have 0 average power. Physical explanation if you may.
I learned that average power in AC circuits is power dissipated in Joule heating, but I cannot relate that to signals.
2. jcsd
3. Sep 24, 2011 #2
To add: I have trouble understanding the concept of average power.
4. Sep 24, 2011 #3
A periodic signal repeats itself every period: g(t+ T0) = g(t).
In a sinusoid for example, g(t) = sin(t), intuitively you can say that in one period, half the time g(t) varies from 0 to 1, and half the time g(t) varies from 0 to -1. In other words, g(t) varies from 1 to -1 in one period. And since g(t) is periodic, you can observe that on average g(t) is zero over the whole time interval. This kind of leads to the notion that the average of just the g(t) is not useful.
So instead, we take the average of g(t)^2 (definition of a power signal). This makes any negative value of g(t) positive as to avoid any cancellation with positive value of g(t).
If we take g(t) = sin(t), then g(t)^2 = sin(x)^2
To the get intuitive feel for it, we notice that sin(x)^2 fluctuates evenly between 0 and 1 in one period. So on average sin(x)^2 is (0+1)/2 = 1/2. It means that the function spends most of the time around 1/2.
Hence, the power{sin(t)} = 1/2 (average of sin(t)^2 per period). To obtain the average of a sin(t) from the power, take the square root of power{sin(t)}= 1/sqrt(2) = 0.707 (root mean square or RMS).
If that kind of made sense, an energy signal is defined to approach zero as time goes to infinity. Something like f(t)= e^-t is an energy signal, which is not periodic, so its power is not defined. And likewise, a power signal doesn't approach zero as time goes to infinity, so its energy is not defined.
Last edited: Sep 24, 2011
5. Sep 24, 2011 #4
Thank you for your in depth reply. I think I understand what you stated in your post. In any case you gave me a lot of things to work with in order to understand. Some tricks that you showed me are not in textbooks. I appreciate that very much.
One more thing tho, do you by not defined, mean infinity?
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1. Signal Energy (Replies: 3)
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Friday, November 23, 2012
Diabetes Can Be Deadly - Know What To Do - free article courtesy ...
(NC)-Food is your body's fuel to provide energy to enjoy an active lifestyle. Healthy bodies produce insulin to convert sugar in the blood into energy. For people with diabetes, the body does not produce sufficient insulin and sugar builds up instead of becoming energy. Diabetics have to be careful with diet and exercise and may take insulin regularly to control their condition.
Sometimes a person with diabetes can have a medical emergency from an insulin imbalance. Insulin shock happens when a diabetic needs sugar. This condition escalates rapidly and can be caused by taking too much insulin, a lack of food or too much exercise.
Symptoms of insulin shock
• Pulse and breathing are rapid and shallow.
• Skin is sweaty, pale and cold.
• The casualty is disoriented, irritable or aggressive.
• The person may stagger, tremble or have difficulty speaking.
First aid for diabetic emergencies
Knowing what to do in a diabetic crisis can save a life.
• Assess the individual and send for medical help.
• Place an unconscious casualty in the recovery position and monitor pulse and breathing.
• If a conscious casualty can tell you what they need, assist them to find and take their medication.
• If the person is too confused to understand what is needed, give them something sweet to eat or drink - sugar may help.
St . John Ambulance has training courses to help you to learn to save a life. For more information, see the office in your area or check us out online at
Click here for more information
Health News - Weight Loss Pill Approved In America 1/3
Wealth and Material Things In Relation To Personal Happiness ...
A common misconception is that money and material things can help buy you happiness. One of life’s truth is that many times having wealth and buying that new material item will only offer an empty temporary boost in happiness. Soon afterwards, these temporary boosts of happiness often wear off. The trick for people that have extra income for buying non-necessity items is to only seek out material things that will truly bring happiness and love to your life and those around you. In short, the true value of the material item will depends on how you use it to make your life be the best it can be.
Material items for the wrong reasons:
To keep up with your friends, family, or neighbors. Who are you? Are you what you purchase? You need to be honest with yourself and be yourself. If you don’t know who you are you must seek to discover and be who you want to be.
For social status-
To be better than your friends, family, or neighbors. Envy is a deadly circle that is without true love for others or yourself.
Does having these expensive items cause you to miss out on the love and life you could have had were you not at your job as often?
Things To Watch Out For:
Savvy sales and marketing will help to sell the dream of a better than reality lifestyle. Be honest with yourself, do you really need it or are you being sold into it?
Product / Service feature up sells. The latest hot new features can be a great way for companies to get extra money from you for things you really don’t need. Again, be honest with yourself. Do you really need the extras or do you just think you do?
Extravagant items-
Bigger (and more expensive) is better (houses, vehicles, jewelry, etc).
Click here for more information
Clear You Way to Wealth
Thursday, November 15, 2012
Effective Hair Loss Baldness Treatment Options by Patricia Hammond
Hair loss is a very common occurrence, with more than 60 million Americans suffering from it. Since baldness is inherited, a lot of people think that there is no hair loss baldness treatment available for them. The good news is that there are several ways that deal with hair loss problems.
There is a hair loss baldness treatment available for different people. However , the first step in dealing with hair loss is to consult with a doctor and to get a complete medical examination. This is one way of knowing the precise cause of hair loss and determining the best hair loss baldness treatment. Hair loss in men and women can be due to heredity, illness, malnutrition and side effects from medications. The only way to know the cause of baldness for every individual is to consult with a physician.
Hereditary baldness is a condition that medical practitioners don’t have the capability to treat yet. But there have been hair loss baldness treatment options available in the market that can deal with the problem effectively, whether the problem is due to genetics, illness, drugs or malnutrition. Two of these medications have been approved by the FDA. They are dutasteride and finasteride.
Many people consider dutasteride as the most advanced hair loss baldness treatment to suppress dehydrotestosterone (DHT), the main cause of hair fall among men. Dutasteride has shown that it is capable of inhibiting the two kinds of enzymes that convert testosterone into DHT. Generic Dutasteride works by reducing the size of the enlarged prostate and diminishing the levels of DHT by 90% at two weeks and 93% at two years.
Finasteride (propecia) is another hair loss baldness treatment that stops hair loss. Propecia is the brand name being used in hair loss treatments that contain finasteride. Finasteride has been proven in scientific studies to prevent hair loss. Finasteride works by blocking 5-alpha reductase, which is an enzyme that converts testosterone into DHT. In theory, propecia stops the conversion of testesterone into DHT, thereby preventing DHT from binding to the follicles. Propecia is considered one of the best hair loss treatments. The medication is specifically good for people with minimal loss of hair as users are able to keep their hair without further hair loss advancement.
Propecia is undoubtedly one of the best hair loss treatments because it has proven to work and is also very convenient. Just pop in a small pill everyday and there is no need to mess with the hair. It is particularly good for those with minimal hair loss because users can be confident of keeping their hair without further progression of hair loss.
Another FDA-approved hair loss baldness treatment is minoxidil 2% solution. Minoxidil is considered an effective hair loss baldness treatment since it is efficient in recruiting hair at the follicles, especially when taken together with DHT inhibitors like propecia.
These are three products that are part of an increasing trend towards natural hair loss baldness treatment products that counteract the effects of DHT. Aside from the three medications, other methods for treating hair loss include acupuncture, aromatherapy and even hair transplants.
Click here for more information
Boston Healthcare Businesswomen\'s Assoc Awarded; Kaiser Video on Diabetes- Health Min 11/15/12
The Wealthy Mindset - free article courtesy of
What is the difference between wealthy people and poor (even average) people? It is not all the money that wealthy people have and the average don’t, nor the luxury, nor the lifestyle. It is their mindset.
A few lucky people have won a lot of money and become wealthy overnight but in short time many of them have returned to their prior financial condition too soon. There is no trace of all the riches they have once won. Very few of them can stay wealthy long enough to actually improve their quality of life.
Why? Because it is not the money and the luxurious lifestyle that make people wealthy. It is their mindset.
Real wealthy people act differently upon the big cash they can get their hands on and upon everything else pertaining money and possession. And this is because they think differently from most average people in the first place.
Let’s think this through and discuss the way average people think…
As soon as they can get their hands on a big fat check, average people would almost immediately go shopping. Buy the latest model car, luxurious home, or spend it on renovation, once-in-a-lifetime luxurious vacation… blah blah blah.
They think that in order to really become wealthy, they have to possess all the stuff that wealthy people would have, travel to places wealthy people would go to, drive the cars wealthy people would drive or live in big mansions where wealthy people would live.
Real wealthy people can afford all the above simply because they have higher purchasing power. Most of us, on the other hand, would think that by having all those above we just might be considered as ‘wealthy’. We tend to think that to become wealthy we have to ‘act’ or ‘live’ like those who in reality are.
Ironically, the fact is to become wealthy we have to ‘think’ like real wealthy people.
Once again I must say that it’s the mindset that makes people wealthy. It’s neither their possessions nor what they spend their money on.
Most of us go shopping while holding on to this principle: Buy now, struggle later.
When wealthy people go shopping they think: Delay it now, invest the money, and have all you want later on! They embrace delayed gratification.
Generally, too soon, the average people would end up in debt due to their principles of immediate gratification. And in most cases their debt worsens. Car loans, furniture loans, education loans, home loans, credit cards… and who knows what else.
As the story continuous, I believe, it becomes more and more familiar to the vast majority: In order to pay off all the debts, they become slaves of their own jobs after they realised that they had been “slaves of their own debt” for some time.
To them, a job becomes a necessity as opposed to a choice. It is chosen based on how big the salary is to pay off their debt, instead of on the satisfaction the job provides.
Can these people retire early? No . In fact , they wouldn’t even dare to think about it! They are too deep in debt to quit and to just come and go almost at will.
On the other hand, not only do the wealthy know the negatives of being in a debt, they also know precisely the advantages of being debt-free. By being debt-free, they have more money to save.
The more money wealthy people have, the more they can invest in their own businesses. Exactly these businesses are their assets that generate life-long passive income for them. True wealthy people have known
for decades that having traditional jobs would NEVER make them rich. It would make their bosses rich for sure but there is no way acquiring real wealth merely by trading time for money.
Can business owners retire early? Yes. Having your own business means having passive income for life (more likely even longer than that). If you work consistently on growing your business, you will come to a point where your passive income exceeds your daily living cost.
If this happens, you can choose when to work, where to work or what. Your choice of jobs will not be limited by how much money they provide. Moreover, a job for you would be more of a choice than a necessity. Even if you chose not to work, you would still have money coming in from your business.
This is what real freedom is and this is exactly how wealthy people think!
Ironically, I have met some people who sneer at the idea of investing in a business. For some reason they think that people who are interested in investing must be so much in love with money, or even slaves of it.
Most average people think that business owners must have become wealthy by the drive of their greedy, selfish minds. They tend to think that business owners must be slaves to their money and riches that they could actually have riches so abundantly now.
The truth is their mindset is exactly the opposite.
Exactly because of UNSELFISH reasons, business owners set up their businesses in the first place.
By having their own businesses which generate passive income for them, they have quality time to spend with their loved ones.
They are not too busy to go to their daughter’s first dance recital or to show up at his son’s birthday party.
They are not too busy to spend a one-week holiday with their spouse. They are not too busy (nor too broke) to be involved in voluntary social work.
The average traditional worker, on the other hand, would not be able to just go and have a holiday anytime he pleases. He has a too tight schedule to come to his daughter’s dance recital or his son’s 6th birthday party. And, hey, he’s too busy (and too broke) to do voluntary social work! He needs jobs that pay well and social works just won’t do.
Well, who is the selfish one now?
Most importantly, because the businesses wealthy people own generate passive income not only throughout their lives but also throughout the lives of their children and grandchildren, business owners prove themselves even more UNSELFISH than the average people do.
People with typical jobs will either retire broke or die poor, leaving their families with nothing (if not with their remaining debt).
By having the right mindset, you will not only be able to have abundant riches, but also a great chance to live abundantly: do all the things that provide satisfaction, spend quality time with you family and friends, and have all the time and money to voluntarily help other people and make your part of the world a better place to live.
Above all, having the right mindset will give you a chance to care and provide for your family even after you leave this planet.
Are you ready to adopt the wealthy mindset?
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How To Make Money - How To Become Wealthy - NOT! (Raw Footage)
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the command. The cd command sets this variable to your current working
directory before changing to a new current directory.
PWD A pathname of the current working directory, set by the cd command
after it has changed to that directory.
Commands: csh(1), ksh(1), pwd(1), Bourne shell sh(1b), POSIX shell sh(1p)
Functions: chdir(2)
Environment: environ(5)
Standards: standards(5)
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Roman Cividale
Informations about the history, administrative life and organization of Forum Iulii, one of the four Roman towns of Friuli Venezia Giulia, may be evinced mainly by the epigraphical Roman documents in the museum lapidarium. It was municipium since the forties of the first century B.C. and the dimensions of the territory of its competence are still under discussion.
During the late period of the Roman Empire because of the danger coming from the barbaric invasions, the strategic importance of the town grew up. The town was part of the Alpine defensive system and after the descend of Attila (mid-5th century) probably became the seat of the Corrector (Governor) of Venetia et Histria, and for its important role, was chosen as the capital of the first Longobard duchy in Italy, after their descent in 568.
Information on its urban organization is rather scarce: it is in fact still uncertain the location of the main public buildings, in particular of the Forum.
The archaeological finds were discovered in the early 19th century and then moved into the museum. They are mainly relative to private houses (fine mosaic floors, dating back mostly to the First Imperial age), necropolis (burial monuments, urns and objects) and sacred buildings (inscriptions and dedications to Jupiter and to Fortuna Augusta). Inscriptions, bronze statues, a thesaurus lid are all related to the cult of Hercules, venerated in a sanctuary located on a hilltop just south of the city and probably founded in pre-Roman times.
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Excess amount of body fat is Obesity. Excess weight of muscles, bone, fat and water in the body (like in body builders and athletes) is not obesity but is overweight. Food has become the worlds worst addiction closely followed by alcohol and medicines. All these create obesity when addiction is part of the equation.
Over weighted and obese persons are at increased health risk than normal persons. They are more prone to chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, high blood pressure, stroke, and some types of cancer. There are key factors including the type of diet and the distribution of fat in the body. Some fat is necessary. This means in normal conditions the body fat keeps the body moisturised, causes sweating , stores energy, insulates from heat and cold, absorbs shock, and nourishes bones. Most western nations have established an appropriate scale suited to average semi-tropical conditions. !0% over that in weight is considered obese in statistical analysis. Heavily muscled persons would therefore erroneously be called obese.
The disease statistics further really apply to those with excess fat in combination with unhealthy eating habits. The distribution of fat on the body is a distinguishing factor as well. Women have more body fat than men generally speaking. In women usually the fat accumulates around hips giving them a pear shape. In men it accumulates around belly giving them an apple shape. The obesity related problems start when fat accumulates around waist. Evenly distributed fat over the whole body can indicate a bigger bone structure. stronger physique with reasonable diet etc.
So technically a person could be 15% overweight to be obese but the problem exists and generally throughout the western world obesity levels are around 50% of all adults and approaching that in children.
So what are the causes
1 ADDICTION. Food is the worlds most dangerous addiction. That is right! It is not smoking or drinking or any of the others but food. Why? Because food causes most disease, Food will cause most nations to reach unsustainable levels of disease and healthcare . Food will therefore cause most nations to become unproductive within a decade. When a person consumes more calories than he burns then the excess calories get stored in the form of fat causing obesity.
2 The genetic factor does come into play as obesity tends to run in families. If parents are fat then the offspring also show a tendency to accumulate fat. It can only be expected that the diet and lifestyle habits which parents live by when the children are growing will also most likely be followed by the children.
3. Environment. Eating habits are contagious to a degree and the level of physical activities a person can also follow the pattern which is popular in a certain area
4 Psychological disturbances.- There is a noticeable and recognised tendency to over eat in response to negative emotions like boredom, sadness or anger. This leads to obesity.
5 Diseases and conditions like Hypothyroidism, Cushing’s syndrome, Depression, and certain neurological problems do lead to overeating which in turn leads to accumulation of fat.
6. Medicines such as steroids and many antidepressants may cause weight gain. In fact some cause gross obesity. Contact our staff for details.
7 Binge eating disorder. There is very little known at this time about such disorders which are not connected to the previous conditions mentioned.
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Climate and Health
Tuesday 05 2017 3 weeks ago 34 Hyderabad Print
Blogger Saima Gul : Climate influences human health in many ways. Climate change affects the environment and that change causes many health issues due to polluted air, food and water. Global warming, depletion of ozone layer, acid rain and greenhouse gases are a matter of grave concern for the whole world. Various international treaties and agreements such as Kyoto Protocol, Montreal Protocol etc. have been signed among many countries of the world to mitigate the threats of environmental degradation in the form of climate change. Recent United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP 21 held in Paris is a sign of good omen but US’s sudden withdrawal from the treaty raises many question over the future of the world. For having a peaceful and healthy world, cooperation among all countries especially of developed countries is necessary. Climate change affects the human health in many ways directly or indirectly. Climate change results in poor water quality, polluted air and uncertain food security will impact on populations of the developing countries in particular, and developed ones in general. The increase or decrease in temperature on the human body can be detrimental to many body functions, both directly and in terms of the water stress imposed by high temperatures. Water quality and quantity are also likely to change in the future and may cause many issues among various countries of the world. Poor quality of water affects the potential levels of aquatic-borne pathogens and water pollution. Pakistan and India are already having many grievances and issues with each other over water issue. The danger of ultraviolet radiation due to depletion of ozone layer can cause cancer and other diseases. Global warming and acid rain can cause various health issues. Climate change contributes in certain forms of natural hazard, such as floods, heavy rain and drought. These would compound the effects on human health. Furthermore, such calamities results in refugee problems and population movements. Human property also comes under the threat in such natural disasters. On the whole it is concluded that climate change impacts the human health in many ways. All the developing countries bear the brunt of effects of Climate Change. Unfortunately among developing countries of the world Pakistan is badly hit by climate change in the form of reoccurring flood, and heavy rain. The world has done much to mitigate the effects of climate change and much is yet to be done. All the developed countries should collaborate with each other and with developing countries of the world to save human life from menace of climate change. Collaboration and unity are must to have a clean, safe and pollution free world.
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The Info List - Saint Crispin
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SAINTS CRISPIN AND CRISPINIAN are the Christian patron saints of cobblers , curriers , tanners , and leather workers. Beheaded during the reign of Diocletian ; the date of their execution is given as 25 October 285 or 286.
* 1 History * 2 Veneration * 3 Popular culture * 4 See also * 5 Footnotes * 6 External links
Born to a noble Roman family in the 3rd century AD, Saints Crispin and Crispinian fled persecution for their faith, ending up at Soissons , where they preached Christianity to the Gauls whilst making shoes by night. While it is stated that they were twin brothers, that has not been positively proved.
They earned enough by their trade to support themselves and also to aid the poor. Their success attracted the ire of Rictus Varus , governor of Belgic Gaul , who had them tortured and thrown into the river with millstones around their necks. Though they survived, they were beheaded by the Emperor c. 285-286.
An alternative account gives them to be sons of a noble Romano-Briton family who lived in Canterbury, following their father's murder for displeasing the Roman Emperor. As they were approaching maturity their mother sent them to London to seek apprenticeship and to avoid coming to the attention of their father's killer. Travelling there, the brothers came across a shoemaker's workshop at Faversham
and decided to travel no further and stayed in Faversham. This account fails to explain how the brothers came to be venerated and martyred.
In the sixth century a stately basilica was erected at Soissons
Saint Crispin is often associated with the Battle of Agincourt since the battle was fought on his feastday . It has been immortalised by Shakespeare's St. Crispin\'s Day Speech from his play Henry V . Also, for the Midsummer's Day Festival in the third act of Die Meistersinger , Wagner
has the shoemakers' guild enter singing a song of praise to St. Crispin.
A plaque at Faversham
commemorates their association with the town. They are also commemorated in the name of the old pub "Crispin and Crispianus" at Strood
* St Crispin Street Fair
St Crispin Street Fair
* St. Crispin\'s Day Speech * Daughters of St. Crispin * Order of the Knights of St. Crispin * City livery companies
* ^ A B Meier, Gabriel. "Sts. Crispin and Crispinian." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 14 Mar. 2015 * ^ See: Arnold Hugh Martin Jones; John Robert Martindale; J. Morris (1971). The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire: V. 1 A.D. 260-395. I.. Cambridge University Press. p. 766. ISBN 978-0-521-07233-5 . "He is most probably a fictitious character since there was no persecution of Christians in N. Gaul; this area was subject to the Caesar Constantius." * ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Crispin and Crispinian". Encyclopædia Britannica . 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge
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Wednesday, October 13, 2010
Language as Culture Part 2
eat -> ate -> will eat
write -> wrote -> will write
kumakain -> kumain -> kakain
(kain is the root form, but not the present tense)
sumusulat -> sumulat -> susulat
taberu -> tabeta -> taberu
kaku -> kaita -> kaku
Tenses show how a society perceives its chronological placement. In English, the future form is present form with an extra word before it. This indicates the society's view that the future will eventually become the present. Yes, I know, it sounds like I'm stating such an obvious thing and you're probably saying, "duh!" by now. But bear with me.
In Filipino, if you notice, all three forms are changed words, which doesn't indicate future becoming present, or even present becoming past. But notice that our present tense is also our present progressive tense. This shows that the Filipino society is one that lives in the moment. We are not overly concerned about the future. We forget the past quickly. We live in the now.
Notice, now, that In Japanese, the present and future form of the verb is the same. Tells where they see themselves living in, doesn't it?
In Rian, I've decided to make the past and present the same, indicating that these people live in the past. They are a backward people with not much technological advancements. And it is in their mindset that what they do will eventually be forgotten.
example: gaom -> gaom -> agaom
example: I will write. -> I will write.
example: Magsusulat ako. -> Magsusulat po ako.
example: Kaku -> Kakimasu.
-> Okaki shimasu
-> Okaki itashimasu
-> Okaki ni narimasu.
How a people view hierarchies can be seen in how many forms of polite language they have. English speakers may add "Sir" or "Maam" to their sentences, but the sentences basically remain the same. Which shows us that, while hierarchy exists, it's not that big a deal. For a culture that allows people to call their bosses and stepmothers by their first name, that's probably true. For Filipinos, the word "po" is added to the sentence, and plural form of the pronoun is used when referring to the respected person. The structure changes. So, classes or rankings do play a significant role in this society.
For the Japanese language, as you can see, the polite form doesn't stop with one. There's the polite, then the more polite, then the even more polite, then the exalted. And if their language is hot on hierarchy, then you can assume their culture most probably is, too.
Now, in my Rian langauge, there will be hierarchy, but only two: the normal form, which Rian people use when talking amongst themselves, and the exalted form, which they use when talking to others.
example: Apareg laken. (normal)
Maparegan la. (exalted)
(I will return)
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Agriculture and Aquaponics
For many years we have known that our campus has enormous potential for agriculture and plant life. Now we are tapping into that potential as we to learn, apply and grow more in agriculture and learning to care for the land.
We are taking this opportunity to learn about Bible based agriculture, aquaponics, and creating a self-sustaining gardening system. We are actively taking this experience and knowledge with us to the nations that need it most.
Now, we can go to the nations with God’s living water and daily bread, while also leaving behind self-sustaining food systems and the training that goes with it, thereby creating a life-changing and lasting impact on the nations.
Ecclesiastes 3:1-2
Agriculture in Missions
We dedicated half an acre of land on our campus to the growing of food. We use no-till gardening and on-site materials like wood chips and leaf mulch to create our growing beds. Also, all of our pest control is natural and organic. Our gardeners use a variety of different gardening techniques to learn and train from.
Our industrial kitchen is able to use this food in increasing amounts to feed our own volunteer staff, providing a healthier alternative to purchasing fruits and vegetables from stores. Our primary goal, however, is to learn the process, so that we can then take teams to build sustainable systems in those parts of the world that are suffering from drought, instability and hunger.
Aquaponics Overview
The simplest definition of aquaponics is the marriage of aquaculture (raising fish) and hydroponics (the soil-free growing of plants) that grows fish and plants together in one integrated system. Fish waste provides an organic food source for the growing plants and, in turn, the plants provide a natural filter for the water the fish live in. The third group of participants are the microbes (nitrifying bacteria) that thrive in the growing media. They do the job of first converting the ammonia from the fish waste into nitrites, then into nitrates that are food for the plants.
We are increasing our knowledge and expertise of aquaponics because we believe that it provides a solution for growing food in nations and areas where there is no suitable soil or enough available water. We recently took a team from Chico to develop an aquaponics system in a children ministry operating in India; and plan to travel to Uganda in the near future.
We are offering a 3-Week Farming With A Mission seminar for those interested in learning agricultural techniques for the communities fighting hunger and poverty. Begins April 19.
We appreciate the Sustainable Seed Company for their seed donation for our experimental garden.
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The World’s Largest Solar Plant Just Torched Itself
Posted: May 20, 2016 by tallbloke in Energy, flames, innovation, Temperature, Thermodynamics
From Gizmodo. H/T Richard Cowley
Full story
1. oldbrew says:
Their insurance charges will go up 😦
2. Hifast says:
Reblogged this on Climate Collections and commented:
3. rishrac says:
Were they steamed? Like you steam buns?
4. jccarlton says:
Reblogged this on The Arts Mechanical and commented:
It’s a good thing that this was a small fire and that none of the heat pipes were breached. This could have been very bad if there were liquid sodium leaks.
5. tallbloke says:
6. oldbrew says:
Report: ‘The plant, the largest of its kind in the world, features a gross capacity of 392 megawatts, enough to power 140,000 homes.’
At its maximum that is. No solar input at night, and it needs lots of gas power to get itself operating in the morning. Also, airline pilots complained about the glare from the mirrors.
There were reports recently it might have to close altogether due to falling short of its contracted power output.
Its output is far more expensive than ‘conventional’ sources [see report below for figures]. Even roof-top solar is a lot cheaper.
Ivanpah Solar Plant May Be Forced to Shut Down
7. ivan says:
How convenient in the light of it not working as the green blob hoped it would as oldbrew has pointed out above.
8. Graeme No.3 says:
Was it heavily insured recently?
OLD joke: 2 men meet at an expensive resort:
First man: I couldn’t come here but I recently got a $100,000 Insurance payout for a fire.
Second man: Me too, except it was $200,000 for flood damage.
First man: How do you start a flood?
9. Australia’s first solar plant and only solar thermal was installed at White Cliffs (an Opal mining field) NSW in 1983. It had an array of tracking parabolic mirrors to create steam which drove a 3 cyl steam engine and a generator. There was a battery bank to supply power at night. Back up was from a fuel fired boiler and a diesel generator set. There were problems, mainly mechanical, from the start. There was steam leakage at parabolic mirrors because of the large temperature changes. Within a couple of years corrosion became a problem. They decided to abandon the direct steam production and installed a thermal oil circulation and heat exchanger.system Leakage of the thermal oil was a problem and a concern for fires. The additional boiler was abandoned because of control problems The batteries gave out after a few years. They tended to run the auxiliary diesel most of the time. but power was unreliable. The local motel installed their own diesel generator. In 1989 a power line was run from Broken Hill and the plant shut down. In the mid 1990’s it was resurrected with the mirrors converted to photovoltaic. This only lasted a few years because of maintenance and control problems. The town was connected to the NSW electricity grid and the plant abandoned.
Both solar thermal and photovoltaic are expensive in capital and operation (maintenance)
10. It seems from the photo that the insulation was burning inside the ducting. That would mean the cheapest insulation they could get, possibly that cellulose fibre that some people have blown into their roofs. They should have used at least glass wool or ceramic fibre. The damage could be more extensive than apparent. Also it seems the ducts are mild steel. I wonder, in the long term ,how it will go with corrosion if they use ground water which is not desalinated.
If the company is close to going broke maybe there will be another fire to claim insurance money.
11. oldbrew says:
‘Firefighters were forced to climb 300 feet up a boiler tower to get to the scene.’
Must be worth some extra danger money.
12. Paul Bunion says:
Skynet having a bad day?
13. Bitter&twisted says:
Solarfried, or Schadenfreude?
14. Curious George says:
I wonder if it was a mechanical problem, or a software problem. Maybe they got hacked.
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There are many different ways a crop can make its way from the field to the consumer. Even within a specific commodity, the route can vary greatly, depending on the farm’s location and the final product or destination.
The process encompasses a number of storage and processing facilities, and it can include transportation by truck, rail and barge. Soybeans, for example, are handled an average of 2.4 times and travel an average of 716 miles between the farm and export position or crushing plant, according to the United Soybean Board.
Here’s how soybeans make their way from the farm to the consumer via Culver’s restaurant:
1. Harvest
American farmers produced 4.31 billion bushels of soybeans in 2016, with an average yield of 52.1 bushels per acre, according to U.S. Department of Agriculture. Soybeans were harvested from a record 82.7 million U.S. acres last year.
2. Country Elevator
Around 75 percent of soybeans are initially stored on the farm or delivered by truck to a nearby country elevator, according to the United Soybean Board. Here, they are stored and distributed for direct use, processing or export, and they may be cleaned and dried. Depending on location, soybeans may be transported to a terminal elevator before moving on.
3. Crushing Facility
From the elevator, soybeans are transported by rail, truck or barge to one of 60 processing or crushing facilities in the U.S. Here, the carbohydrates and oil are separated and further processed. At Bunge North America facilities, for example, soybeans may be processed into edible oils and other ingredients for food manufacturers.
4. Manufacturing Plant
Soybean ingredients destined for Culver’s restaurants are transported to production facilities, where they are combined with ingredients supplied by local farmers to produce buns, chicken tenders, soups, salad dressings, fries, waffle cones, custard toppings and other menu items.
5. Culver’s
Food products and manufactured ingredients are transported via truck to 500 Culver’s restaurants in 22 states, where they are enjoyed by consumers.
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Asbestos // July 19, 2016 MAAC Staff
Staying Safe from Asbestos After a Storm
Long before it was found to cause horrendous diseases like mesothelioma, asbestos was a favorite product used in homes, schools, office buildings, and even hospitals. Its fire-resistant properties made it the perfect product for insulation, but it was also used in numerous other household building materials, including siding, ceiling materials, roofing shingles, and even some types of paint. Though its use has stopped in construction since the end of the 1980s, it could still be present in buildings that were erected before 1990. If left alone, asbestos poses little threat, because it is the fibers that are released into the air when it is disturbed that cause the various illnesses it is connected to.
When a major storm threatens – such as a hurricane, tornado, or a flood – most people think only of immediate survival. Food supplies, water, and shelter are their primary concerns, followed by the same considerations for their family and friends. Usually, in most instances, people are not thinking about the dangers that asbestos imposes during a severe storm or a natural disaster.
However, major storms can indeed pose a significant health risk from the asbestos that gets released during the event. For example, in 2012, after Hurricane Sandy decimated towns along the East Coast, asbestos was released into the environment in many communities. The asbestos came from the roofing tiles, insulation, pipes, and other materials that were left behind as part of the wreckage in the hurricane’s wake. Similar problems occurred in the New Orleans area after Hurricane Katrina in 2005.
Asbestos in the Aftermath
Hurricanes, tornados, and even floods can rip a building apart, and carry debris for miles. This means that it may be impossible to know which building the pieces came from.
That’s why, when the cleanup begins, it’s always necessary to use precautions, and ensure that the proper measures are taken to keep the homeowners, residents, and cleanup crews safe from asbestos that may have been exposed during the devastation.
Such storms, especially floods, may even pose a new type of threat that many are not aware of. During a storm, asbestos could contaminate any food or water sources that the fibers come in contact with. Those who ingest these contaminated items may suffer the consequences later on.
Use Safety Precautions
First, do not disturb any of the materials when first inspecting a home, until you determine where the materials containing asbestos are, so they can be removed properly. If you are not sure whether something contains asbestos, it may be best to assume that asbestos is present and take the appropriate measures from the start.
Secondly, make sure everyone doing cleanup is wearing safety gear. Special respirators exist that will filter out asbestos, along with a number of other toxins and dangerous substances. Safety glasses should also be worn to protect the eyes, and clothing that covers the entire body will help reduce the possibility of exposure. It is best to use clothing that can be discarded with the asbestos materials when the cleanup is over.
Finally, make sure everyone involved in the cleanup is aware of how to properly clean up from an asbestos-related incident. Asbestos is most dangerous when it is broken and the fibers are released into the air. When it is wet, the fibers are less likely to become airborne, so before disturbing the materials meant for cleanup, soak them thoroughly with water. This is especially important when taking down damaged walls or other structural components, as they could contain hidden asbestos.
Asbestos Disposal
When dealing with asbestos cleanup, it’s important to separate the materials containing asbestos from less dangerous debris. When in doubt, hire a consultant to identify and remove asbestos-containing materials. Doing it wrong could wind up costing you a lot, as in some locations there are stiff fines for disposing of asbestos improperly.
Once the materials are separated, it is time to start the removal process. Any asbestos materials should be placed into a leak-proof bag, and then placed in a cardboard box, or another bag, to ensure it will not spill out or leak onto the ground. Remember to keep the materials wet, even as packing them up, to keep the fibers from releasing into the air.
If transporting materials yourself, line the bed of your truck with plastic, just to be sure any of the water used to wet the materials does not leak into the truck or spill onto the ground. Cover the materials with a tarp, sealing them in so the dust and debris will not fly off during transport, and put a sign on the dump truck that warns others that it contains asbestos materials.
Any materials containing asbestos should be taken to a landfill that accepts asbestos, so it can be discarded safely and properly. Then remove the clothing and shower well, to be sure no stray fibers are left on the skin.
Stay Safe!
There are a lot of things to worry about when big storms or natural disasters occur, and much of the time asbestos isn’t one of those things. Even if other pressing concerns exist, it is important to be aware of the dangers of asbestos when storms come around. Exposure to this dangerous substance now could be the source of a deadly disease, such as mesothelioma, later.
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Center activities for no place like periwinkle
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Center activities for no place like periwinkle
1. 1. Center Activities for No Place Like Periwinkle<br /> <br />Directions: Choose 5 of the activities to complete on the book. This project will count three times. Each center is worth twenty points. A center must be completed correctly and by you in order to receive the points. You may complete a sixth center and receive extra credit.<br /><ul><li> Select a scene from the book that you think lends itself well to illustration. Create a drawing or collage to illustrate the scene. Give your artwork a caption from the text. The illustration must be filled with at least five details that would be in the scene. The illustration should be original, creative, finished, colored, detailed, and drawn by you.
2. 2. Draw a stick figure of Agnes, Thomas, or Sarah Pflumm. There are nine items for the stick figure. You must include three details for each of the nine items.
3. 3. Create a word search for the book. It must include twenty-one key vocabulary words.
4. 4. Write an original poem, song, or rap of at least ten lines about the book or a character in the book. Write a rough draft of the poem, have someone proof it for you, and then type it or write neatly in black ink. You must also include a caption and picture to go with your creation.
5. 5. Pretend to be Agnes or Thomas. Write two one page journal entries describing your family’s life before and after experiencing the hurricane.
6. 6. Create a six slide comic strip that gives the main points of the book. Decide what six points to focus on, draw the six slides, and then provide words in bubbles and color it. You may get the paper for this from me. (2 centers)
7. 7. Using Powerpoint, create three-five slides about the book. You must put the rough draft of your slides on computer paper and turn in to me. You must include three pictures, and complete the following sentences: I noticed….,I wonder……, One interesting vocabulary word I learned is ____ and it means …, Use the vocabulary word in an original sentence, This book reminds me of…., I learned…..(2 centers)
8. 8. Write another two-three page letter to Edward pretending to be Agnes and tell about your life a year later or even today in 2009.
9. 9. Design a brochure or pamphlet on a cause like protecting the environment, preparing for hurricanes, or nature. You may also use one of the topics from #4 on page 142 in the novel. Include all of the information like the organization, a description of the cause, addresses and helpful websites, etc. Make sure you make the information colorful, attractive and use some clipart or pictures. You must make a rough draft of the brochure or pamphlet. (3 centers)
10. 10. Create a new book cover and jacket for the book to be republished in 2009. Make the book jacket colorful and interesting. (2 centers)
11. 11. Create an acrostic poem on Agnes, Lydia, and Edward describing each one. Include a drawing or picture to go along with each one as if it was published in a book.
12. 12. Complete the webquest on hurricanes using the following website:
13. 13. Http://
14. 14. (2 centers)
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Blurring the Line Between Life and Death
Science and technology are changing Western culture's perspective on death
It wasn’t very long ago that no one questioned the finality of death. A person died when they were no longer breathing and their heart stopped beating — period. There was no such thing as CPR, and mechanical ventilators didn’t exist. Even large, well-equipped hospitals did not have intensive care units, and virtually 100 percent of patients who suffered a cardiac arrest outside of an operating room, where doctors occasionally performed “open” heart massage, died.
A person performing CPR blurs the line between life and death
Then, in 1956, Peter Safar and James Elam invented mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. And in 1960, the American Heart Association officially introduced the practice of CPR. A few years later, in 1967, Dr. James Bedford, a professor at the University of California, became the first human to be cryonically preserved in a steel capsule with liquid nitrogen. With these three events, the “hard stop” between life and death was forever altered. And our cultural perspective of what is means to be “dead” began to evolve.
Today, technological advancements have further blurred, and in some cases erased, the line between life and death. Patients with a heartbeat but no evidence of brain function can be kept alive indefinitely with the aid of a mechanical ventilator and feedings given through a stomach tube. And hundreds of people have been successfully resuscitated — brought back after minutes and, in rare cases, hours of “death.” One example: Gardell Martin, a three-year-old boy who drowned in an icy stream, was “dead” for 101 minutes while receiving CPR. Shortly before doctors were about to give up, his heart began beating again. He went home from the hospital three days later — fully recovered and neurologically intact. (Submersion in cold water can sometimes stimulate the “diving reflex,” which slows bodily functions to a near-standstill to minimize the need for oxygen.)
Gardell martin blurred the line between life and death
Gardell Martin was successfully resuscitated after being dead for over and hour and a half
What’s more, researchers continue to delve into new ways to blur the line between life and death. In Seattle, Washington, biologist Mark Roth is putting animals into a state of suspended animation using chemicals that slow their metabolism to a crawl. He eventually hopes to use the same process on humans who are having a heart attack so doctors have time to repair the defect and restart the heart. Similar studies are going on with human subjects in Baltimore and Pittsburgh, where trauma surgeon Sam Tisherman is conducting clinical trials on victims of stabbings and gunshot wounds. But instead of using chemicals, Tisherman and his team are supercooling the bodies of mortally wounded patients to give surgeons time to close their wounds before they bleed to death.
Meanwhile, in Arizona, the Alcor Life Extension Foundation claims to have developed a new form of cryonic preservation called vitrification that preserves tissues that have been cooled to temperatures of minus 120 degrees Centigrade. The process uses chemicals that prevent the formation of ice, thus keeping the structure of the cells intact. Alcor claims the process protects the structure of organs as large and complex as the brain. (Alcor can’t say whether it preserves function yet.) To date, Alcor has preserved over 100 bodies and has applications on file from 100s more.
Progress or Fantasy?
Still, the question remains: Is modern society’s preoccupation with postponing and, perhaps, eliminating death a good thing? Are we moving forward into a brighter future or deepening a culture of death avoidance that makes it difficult for us to embrace dying as a part of life? Is life-extending technology a miracle, as some would claim? Or is it just another way to extend the process of dying, putting patients on what ICU physician Dr. Jessica Zitter aptly calls the “end-of-life conveyor belt.”
Cryopreservation tanks blur line between life and death
Cryopreservation tanks
For Gardell Martin and others like him, the answer is clear. Modern science pulled off a “miracle,” and because of that miracle, a young boy is alive and well. But for every “miracle” there are hundreds of tragedies — people who survive CPR only to stay in an artificially maintained limbo between life and death until some untoward event brings their suffering to an end. And the promise of cryopreservation is just that — a promise, and an incredibly costly one at that.
The answer to this incredibly complex question is not at all clear. There’s no doubt that advances in medicine and technology will continue. And the work of researchers like Dr. Roth and Dr. Tisherman will help some people who would otherwise have died to live long, productive lives. But I can’t help but wonder if our society could find better ways to use our limited resources than by constantly trying to perpetuate the myth of eternal life.
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ROME was appalled; but though defeated, she was not subdued. All the Latin allies were summoned for aid in the common peril. Boys and old men alike took up arms even the slaves were promised freedom if they would join the ranks.
Hannibal marched from Cannae into Campania. He induced Capua, the second city of Italy, to side with him. But his expectations that other cities would follow her example were not fulfilled. He went into winter quarters here (215-214). The Capuans, notorious for their luxurious and effeminate habits, are said to have injured his soldiers. But Hannibal's superiority as a general is unquestionable, and his want of success after this was due to insufficient aid from home, and to the fact that the resources of Rome were greater than those of Carthage. The Latin allies of Rome had remained true to their allegiance, and only one city of importance was under his control. It was an easy matter to conquer the enemy in open battle, but to support his own army was more difficult, for all Italy had been devastated. On the other hand, the Romans were well supplied with food from their possessions in Sicily.
Hannibal saw, therefore, that more active measures than those already employed were necessary. He sent to Carthage an appeal for aid. He formed an alliance with Philip V. of Macedonia, and earnestly urged Hasdrubal Baroa, his lieutenant in Spain, to come to his assistance. He hoped, with this army from the north, with supplies and reinforcements from Carthage, and with such troops as he might obtain from Macedonia, to concentrate a large force at Rome and compel her into submission.
The Romans, realizing the position of Hannibal, kept what forces they could spare in Spain, under the two Scipio brothers, Publius and Gnaeus. With these they hoped to stop reinforcements from reaching the enemy from that quarter. At the same time their army in Northern Greece effectually engaged the attention of Philip. Thus two years (214-212) passed without any material change in the situation of affairs in Italy.
In 212, while the Carthaginians were in the extreme south of Italy, besieging Tarentum, the Romans made strenuous efforts to recover Campania, and especially Capua. Hannibal, learning the danger, marched rapidly north, and failing to break through the lines which enclosed the city, resolved to advance on Rome itself.
Silently and quickly he marched along the Via Latino through the heart of the territory of Rome, to within three miles of the city, and with his vanguard he even rode up to one of the city gates. But no ally joined him; no Roman force was recalled to face him; no proposals of peace reached his camp. Impressed by the unmoved confidence of the enemy, he withdrew as quickly as he came, and retreated to his head-quarters in the South.
Capua fell in 211, and the seat of war, to the great relief of Rome, was removed to Lucania and Bruttium. The punishment inflicted upon Capua was severe. Seventy of her Senators were killed, three hundred of her chief citizens imprisoned, and the whole people sold as slaves. The city and its territory were declared to be Roman territory, and the place was afterwards repeopled by Roman occupants.
Such was the fate of this famous city. Founded in as early times as Rome itself, it became the most flourishing city of Magna Graecia, renowned for its luxury and refinement, and as the home of all the highest arts and culture.
HIERO II., tyrant of Syracuse, died in 216. During his long reign of more than fifty years he had been the stanch friend and ally of Rome in her struggles with Carthage. Hieronymus, the grandson and successor of Hiero, thought fit to ally himself with Carthage. The young tyrant, who was arrogant and cruel, was assassinated after reigning a few months.
The Roman Governor of Sicily, MARCELLUS, troubled by the Carthaginian faction in Syracuse, threatened the city with an attack unless the leaders of this faction were expelled. In return, they endeavored to arouse the citizens of the neighboring city of Leontini against Rome and the Roman party in Syracuse. Marcellus at once attacked and stormed Leontini. The Syracusans then closed their city gates against him. A siege of two years (214-212) followed, famous for the various devices adopted by the noted mathematician ARCHIMÉDES [Footnote: Archimédes was a great investigator in the science of mathematics. He discovered the ratio of a sphere to its circumscribed cylinder. One of his famous sayings was, "Give me where to stand, and I will move the world." He exerted his ingenuity in the invention of powerful machines for the defence of Syracuse. Eight of his works on mathematics are in existence. He was killed at the close of the siege by a Roman soldier, who would have spared his life had he not been too intent on a mathematical problem to comply with the summons to surrender. On his tombstone, it is said, was engraved a cylinder enclosing a sphere.] to defeat the movements of the Romans. The city was finally betrayed by a Spanish officer, and given up to plunder. The art treasures in which it was so rich were conveyed by Marcellus to Rome. From this time (212) the city became a part of the province of Sicily and the head- quarters of the Roman Governor.
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Tuesday, May 16, 2006
Random Graphs and the Probabilistic Method...
In analysis of Random Graphs, we are especially interested in testing whether the observed graph has a given property. The technique known as the Probabilistic Method is often used in proofs of these properties. The basic idea is simple and elegant : To prove the existence of an object with certain properties, we demonstrate a sample space of objects in which the probability is positive that a randomly selected object has required properties.
For example, we can demonstrate a outline of simple proof of the following theorem :
Let K_n be a complete graph (having n vertices and (n \over 2) eges) and let K_k be a complete subgraph in K_n , with k vertices.
If (n \over 2)2^{-(k \over 2)+1) \lt 1 then it is possible to color the edges of K_n with two colors so that it has no monochromatic K_k subgraph
There are 2^(n \over 2) possible coloring of edges of K_n using two colors, so the probability of each coloring, choosed uniformly at random is 2^-(n \over 2). There are (n \over k) different k-vertex cliques of K_n. If we assume that A_i is the event that the clique i is monochromatic, then is we color the first edge in i, the remaining (k \over 2) edges must be of the same color. Therefore, the probability of this coloring is Pr(A_i) = 2^-(k \over 2)+1. We can use unior bound to determine that probability of all possible A_i events is less than (n \over k)2^-(k \over 2)+1 that is less than 1, meaning that the inverse probability (of picking the coloring without monochromatic k-vertex clique) is greater than 0, wich means that there exists a coloring with no monochromatic k-vertex clique.
So, we have proved that such graph exists, without explicitly constructing one, which is a reason that the probabilistic method proofs are known as a nonconstructive proofs.
todo : convert tex formulas into gifs...
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Our Tier 2 Cities
CITY OF ROME
Rome in Italy
As Italy’s capital, Rome is the focus of contemporary Italy’s economic and cultural life. The concept of resilience has a unique declination in the context of Rome given the international relevance of its heritage. The entire historical centre of the city is a UNESCO world heritage site as are a number of other major individual sites, making the city highly vulnerable to stresses and shocks related to predicted global crises including climate change. Enhancing resilience in a Roman context is closely related to developing the collective and institutional capacity to preserve heritage and its global accessibility from shocks and stresses. Aside from the intrinsic value of cultural heritage, tourism to the city’s historic sites comprises one of the city’s most important industries.
Rome in Europe
Rome is among the largest cities in Europe whose role in Europe’s political, cultural and economic life cannot be understated. Historically a destination for migration from across Italy and elsewhere, Rome is currently playing a crucial role in Europe’s refugee crisis both in negotiations in Brussels and in practice in the city. As a major transport hub connecting Northern Europe to the Mediterranean, Europe will continue to depend on Rome’s role as part of in-migration to Europe.
Planning Rome
The 2008 structural plan of the city of Rome contains significant regulative innovations aimed at increasing the city’s resilience against ecological challenges. First, a new zoning strategy aimed at preserving rural land and at concentrating development around transit nodes was implemented. Second, new regulations were aimed at increasing the efficiency of ecological treatment of meteoric waters mitigating the effects of climatic events. Current planning activity focuses on the intensive reuse of existing public and private building stock as an alternative to sprawl and inner-city depopulation. Rome introduced a Sustainable Energy Action Plan in 2013 to reduce carbon emissions of cutting carbon emissions.
Resilience Goals
Rome plans to build its resilience against increasingly frequent extreme weather conditions and to minimise flooding affecting urban areas. The city plans to support the development of infrastructure capable of resisting and recovering from seismic events and from the risk of sinkholes and other hazards related to the particular characteristics of Roman subsoil. Finally, the city plans for a healthy population and conserved heritage by reducing air pollution.
Resilience Engagement
Geohazard information project Pangeo partner
Enhancement of the city GIS system
Updated emergency plans through EU-funded Opere System and Pro Capite Initiatives
"Transitioning towards Urban Resilience and Sustainability (Turas)" project partner
"Changing Mediterranean Metropolises Around Time (Cat-Med)" project partner
“Social and Intercultural Dialogue through Governance for Local development: Mediterranean Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture (UPA)” (SIDIG-MED) project partner
Member of 100 Resilient Cities Network in partnership with The Rockefeller Foundation
City Factsheet
Approx. 2.9m
1,287.36 km2
River Tiber
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Tuesday, August 22, 2017
The American Promise: An Introduction
Before the American Dream there was the American Promise, a promise first articulated in the Declaration of Independence and ultimately subsumed within the Constitution of the United States of America, the social contract between the American people and their federal government. That promise, made by the government, is to protect certain unalienable Rights of each of its citizens, including the rights of Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.
Like most early Americans, the American Promise was an immigrant. Born in England as a republican political philosophy first asserted by Algernon Sidney and John Locke and more broadly outlined by Cato's Letters in the early 18th century, the philosophy resonated with the American colonists of the late 18th century as they faced what they viewed as inequities at the hands of an arbitrary and capricious King George III. Although drawing upon the language of Natural Law theory, this political philosophy was, more than anything else, a negative response to the assertion of the Divine Right of Kings and offered a republican alternative to it. In many ways, the natural rights language of the American Promise is misleading because Nature is only introduced as a tool for recognizing the maximum limits of the sovereign power of each individual given the absence of any other individuals. The moral theory underpinning the American Promise thus uses individualism as the organizing principle of the collective, implying the relative rights and responsibilities of each individual and the government with respect to one another.
The American Promise and, therefore, the Constitution rest upon a system of ethics in which the morality and correctness of governmental and individual action are determined by a set of simple rules that flow from the recognition of each person as a sovereign over himself and that which he owns. In the field of moral philosophy, this system of ethics is known as a deontology. I will explain why this matters in my next post.
Monday, August 21, 2017
A (Slight) Return to Daily Blogging
I have been outlining and researching a book for almost a year now, and I've realized that I'm not getting much actual writing done. A great thing about daily blogging is that you get used to writing quickly and, more importantly, publishing quickly. So, it's back to the discipline of daily blogging for me (not that I expect anybody to read what I have to say; I won't be haunting other people's comments section).
Tuesday, October 21, 2014
How We Define One Another, Endlessly.
No political philosophy, whether premised on rugged individualism or inexorable collectivism, can capture what it means to be human. Each of us defines who we are by those who surround us, whether through crass comparisons of us v. them, or through how we affect others, positively or negatively. And because we are constantly measuring ourselves using those who surround us, who are doing the same thing, who we are changing constantly. No Western political philosophy is capable of capturing this reality. It may be able to hold it bay, as neoliberalism does today, but at some point the differences between what is observed to what a political philosophy forces us to expect become so great that everything breaks.
Human beings do not experience life, they interpret it. They compare what they observe to what they expect, and react accordingly. You can control how a person interprets his life by controlling what he observes, what he expects, or (usually) both. Unfortunately, if you abuse that control, people are likely to doubt what they observe, what they expect, or (usually) both. That's how revolutions come about: people rise up to force the world to match the expectations that were forced upon them. While neoliberalism successfully avoids the "communistic fiction" of classical liberalism, it still requires fairness, that the game not be rigged, that anybody through hard work and good judgment can rise to the top.
Wednesday, March 26, 2014
The Post-Ethical Society, or the Death of Shame
As I have previously discussed, my survey of the political philosophy of Plato and Aristotle has led me to conclude that both men were seeking to develop a perfect state that would be highly scalable and long-lasting (if not perpetual). They were trying to establish what I will call here a "Ruling Paradigm," a comprehensive structure for establishing and maintaining social order that could scale infinitely over time and space (within the limits imposed by the confines of the Earth, of course). Their approach was holistic and sought to embrace all aspects of life, public and private. With the exception of Plato's Republic, which was openly totalitarian, both men promoted the idea that the laws of the state should be explained to its citizens so as to persuade them that the laws were just. Further, both men seemed to agree that the purpose and guiding principle of the state is to maximize its citizens' happiness by helping them to lead a virtuous, ethical life.
The Ruling Paradigm of the "states" they proposed have three key features: founding myths, laws and ethics. All three of these features are found are in the first five books of the Hebrew Bible (aka the Torah and the Pentateuch), a fact which, along with other evidence has led me to conclude that the Torah was written as the basis of a Panhellenistic state applying the political philosophy of Plato and Aristotle. These three features have been the foundation of Western Civilization ever since, and may be found in Christianity (a Romanized version of the Greek "Abrahamic" state) and, more recently, in the Classical Liberalism (a secularized version of Christianity) that emerged from the Enlightenment and Protestant reforms and persisted until the mid-1980s.
Neoliberalism-- the current Ruling Paradigm of Western Civilization-- represents a major break from the past because it is wholly lacking in ethics. In their desire to eliminate the "communistic fiction" of Classical Liberalism, the founders of neoliberalism disappeared the Common Good and removed any discussion of ethics, which presupposes the right of the collective to judge the individual. While one could try to argue that the concept of "Liberty" that is a centerpiece of neoliberalism/libertarianism somehow provides a basis of an ethical code, but neoliberal "Liberty" is negative liberty, that is, liberty defined by the limits of state power, not as a positive liberty, which is an individual right. Neoliberal "Liberty" exists so long as there is an area in the individual's life in which he is free to decide without government compulstion. Not coincidentally, neoliberal liberty seems to be the flip-side of the neoliberal conception of the "free market." As long as the individual is free to choose among the goods offered him by the market, then he is fully enjoying "Liberty" according to neoliberals, regardless of what other oppression the government imposes upon him, even if that oppression takes the form of forcing to make a choice that he would not have to make absent government interference (e.g., Obamacare).
The emergent result of the neoliberal experiment is what I am coming to think of as the "Post-Ethical Society," in part because of the deliberate exorcism of ethics from the Ruling Paradigm of neoliberalism, but mostly because of the hubris and venality openly displayed by the Ruling Elites who are able to hide their personal culpability behind the double-blind of the state and the corporation.
A byproduct of the the Post-Ethical Society is, increasingly, what I call the "Death of Shame," which goes far beyond the hubris and venality of the Ruling Elites and increasingly infects our whole society in increasingly unexpected ways. The desire to be noticed-- Look at me!-- seems to trump everything. Facebook, Twitter, Youtube, Tumblr, etc., are all designed to allow the individual to sell himself or herself to the free market for, well, free. But there is a cost: the loss of privacy and the loss of any sense of shame.
The good news is that the neoliberal Ruling Paradigm cannot last for much longer. The cracks are already starting to show themselves, and the secular equivalent of the Protestant Reformation is bound to happen, although it may still take decades for current efforts to metamorphisize into an effective reformation movement.
Sunday, March 9, 2014
Reinvent the Wheel Every Day. It's Good for Your Mental Health.
I was recently accused, by a scholar I greatly admire, of "reinventing the wheel."
While I understand and appreciate his effort to reduce the burden of my sojourn, I was immensely proud that I had, in fact, reinvented the wheel. I did not know that this particular "wheel" actually existed, so the fact that my model of history, which is really a radical departure from current models, reproduced it independently makes me feel pretty darn good.
Finding your own way is worth it, and doing so may help to confirm that what others have found is, in fact, valid.
Tuesday, February 25, 2014
Neoliberalism's Co-option of Postmodern Methodologies as Political-Economic Tactics
Recently, I spent some time trying to understand so-called "Postmodernism." While many argue that Postmodernism is incapable of definition, that's only because the word "Postmodernism" itself became a pejorative term applied to anything viewed as contrary to conventional wisdom. If Marx were alive in the "Postmodern" era, he would have been falsely accused of being a Postmodernist.
Postmodernism is not a regime of word games, as some people seem to convince themselves it is. Rather, at the heart of Postmodernism lies the realization that our words ultimately fail us because the same words mean something different to different people. This is not to say that reality is subjective so much as it is to recognize that our ability to communicate objectively is hampered by the mismatch in understanding between the speaker and the listener. This kind of observation is often reduced to a kind of absurd abstraction that reality is somehow "linguistic," but, frankly, that is pure bullshit peddled either by ignorant assholes or opportunistic assholes.
What Postmodernism boils down to, at least in political philosophy, is a belief that "meta-narratives" are not possible because our language is incapable of conveying the same objective meaning to all who hear the meta-narrative. Postmodernist theory was developed to extract an understanding of the subjective filters unwittingly applied by speakers to their speech. Ultimately, this is the exercise in optimism, not pessimism, because Postmodernists would not have bothered to try to understand if they believed objective understanding to be impossible.
For me, Postmodernism ultimately is a misguided and failed attempt to apply Eastern Philosophy to Western Philosophy, an effort first undertaken by Heidegger. Eastern Philosophy and Western Philosophy are entirely incompatible in that the former posits that reality is dynamic unknowable (in a conscious manner) while the latter asserts that the Truth is static and ascertainable. There is no way to harmonize Dynamic Truth and Static Truth, and Postmodernism as a "discipline" proves that. Ultimately, Postmodernism failed to coalesce as a cohesive philosophy because its members did not understand this major disconnect in thinking, which allowed the enemies of Postmodernism to define Postmodernism in Western terms when the Postmodernists themselves could not. In sum, anybody asserting an alternative to "Conventional Wisdom" was branded a Postmodernist, even if the alternative itself was a "meta-narrative" and, therefore, anything but Postmodernist.
Enter Neoliberalism. I have discussed the "Double Truth" (or Double Lie) of Neoliberal doctrine. Neoliberals are, ultimately, Modern Realists, and they are masters at co-opting the political theory of others to advance their agenda. For example, Neoliberal guru Murray Rothbard openly advocated using Leninist tactics to drive the Neoliberal agenda. As the current establishment is Neoliberal, they have discovered ways to apply Postmodern analytics to protect the establishment rather than attack it. Postmodern tactics in the hands of the State amounts to agnotology, i.e., the deliberate creation of ignorance in the populace. This is really nothing new, as "Postmodernism" was well known in ancient Greece, when folks like Plato and Aristotle were the Frank Lutzes of their time.
The key to understanding the difference between a Postmodernist, a modernist and a Neoliberal bullshitter is that a Postmodernist rejects any "meta-narrative" while seeking to understand the social power-driven basis of current meta-narratives, the Modernist offers his own alternative "meta-narrative," and the Neoliberal bullshitter shrugs his shoulders and insists that we can't know anything until everybody agrees (while studiously disagreeing, even when his position is untenable). If you apply this understanding, you will quickly find that a great many people accused of being Postmodernists are actually true blue Modernists while Neoliberals are just opportunists who manufacture dissent and consent at will, as befits their Modern Realist roots.
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“Regular” Kids
"Regular" Kids | Twin Cities Moms Blog
As a Pediatric Dietitian, one of the most common concerns I hear from parents is how to manage constipation in their child. Every day, thousands of kids visit the Emergency Room for abdominal pain related to constipation. Ask any of your mom friends, they will probably tell you that their child has experienced constipation at some point in their life. Constipation is not normal, but it is very common.
Just to make sure we are all on the same page, constipation is defined as having less than three bowel movements a week or bowel movements that are dry, hard and difficult to pass. If either of these situations sound familiar, I have some suggestions that will hopefully help. To make them easier for you to remember, I call them the Five F’s of healthy bowel habits.
1. Fiber. Fiber is a carbohydrate that cannot be digested. Because fiber cannot be digested, it adds bulk to stools. Fiber is found in fruits, vegetables, legumes and whole grains. Try to incorporate these foods into every meal and snack your child consumes.
2. Fluids. All the fiber in the world isn’t going to be helpful if your child isn’t getting enough fluids. Adequate water intake is often overlooked as a significant factor in constipation. It is difficult to give a blanket recommendation for fluid intake, but I would encourage your child to drink at least 16 ounces of water a day, at a minimum. More is a bonus.
3. Fitness. Being physically active literally helps food move faster through the digestive tract. The faster the food moves, the less water that can be absorbed, thus creating a softer stool. Encourage your kid to get 30 minutes of continuous physical activity every day.
4. Feeling. Kids will often fight the natural urge to eliminate. Ignoring the urge can make it difficult to go later on. Kids need to learn the feeling and sensation in their body and honor it as soon as possible. Remind your child that they can come back to their toys after going to the bathroom or if you are out in public, try to find a bathroom right away. School age kids may need to be encouraged to advocate for themselves to use the school restroom in a timely manner.
5. Flush fun. This is code for toilet time. Most kids love the thought of flushing their poo away. Your child should sit on the potty every day, preferably 15-30 minutes after a meal. This is the time when the body is naturally ready to pass a stool, technically called the gastrocolic reflex. It is important that your child feel comfortable sitting on the toilet with their feet touching the floor. You can use a step stool or a set of books if needed.
Occasionally, kids can have very healthy bowel habits and still struggle with constipation. It can become a vicious cycle to feel pain when voiding, thereby avoiding going to the bathroom, which can lead to impaction and even more difficult to pass stool. Chronic constipation can affect your child’s appetite and can also cause nighttime bedwetting. If this is a concern, please discuss it with your child’s pediatrician to see if medication management is necessary.
I hope these tips can help your child become “regular!”
2 Responses to “Regular” Kids
1. Rachael April 7, 2016 at 10:09 PM #
Good tips, as you know so many of us moms deal wth this! Thanks Karri.
2. Ashley September 16, 2016 at 9:38 PM #
What about going 5-7 times a day at 2.5? Behavioral? It’s been on and off for a year and I haven’t talked to any mom’s who have experienced such frequency. Doctor recommend eliminating fruit, which seems odd to me.
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Total Number of words made out of Orrice =25
Orrice is a 6 letter medium Word starting with O and ending with E. Below are Total 25 words made out of this word.
Also see:- Words starting with Orrice
Anagrams of orrice
1). corrie
5 letter Words made out of orrice
1). crier 2). ricer 3). crore 4). corer
4 letter Words made out of orrice
1). rice 2). cero 3). core 4). coir 5). cire
3 letter Words made out of orrice
1). roc 2). rei 3). rec 4). ore 5). orc 6). ire 7). ice 8). err 9). cor 10). roe
2 letter Words made out of orrice
or oe re er
Note: There are 1 anagrams of the word orrice. Anagrams are meaningful words made after rearranging all the letters of the word.
Note There are 3 vowel letters and 3 consonant letters in the word orrice. O is 15th, R is 18th, I is 9th, C is 3rd, E is 5th, Letter of Alphabet series.
o, or, orr,
e, ce, ice,
o ro ro io co e
e ce ie re re o
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Tjmun gdl korea del norte
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• Publicado : 28 de febrero de 2012
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delegateDelegate: Bernardo Paillaud Hernández.
School: Thomas Jefferson campus Guadalajara.
Committee: Children´s rights.
Topic B: Provide education to children from developing countries.Country: Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea)
Around the globe, some 75 children don’t have the opportunity of a wright education. Many of these children live in rural areas.Children, on developing countries, are prevented from assisting to school because the war or crisis state of the country makes education a distant panorama. On many countries where the civil orinternational war is passing the street, many schools had been destroyed, transformed into war shelters or just abandoned. And for developing countries that had just passed from a war, these isn´tmuch different. For thousands of children around the Earth the school isn´t an option, these can because many reasons. On rural areas the school can be economically unplayable; it can be on adifferent dialect the kid doesn’t understand; it can be really far away, or it just does not exist.
In North Korea the free education is aright and is obligatory, the position of the governmentamong this issue is that the government will provide school, education and teachers. On the country, most people older than 15 is alphabet. The school is universal and for 11 years. Not all thekids of the country assist to school; the school in North Korea haves many reasons: maintain kids out of the streets; give them the opportunity of the education. The fact is that not all the100% of the population of children assist to school, these is a problem North Korea is facing with the creation of schools.
The education is a right in North Korea, is free, universal, andobligatory. The government recognizes as priority to advance economically, and then improve the education. The government sees as a solution, the improving of the economic state of the country.
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Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs)
What is it? Overview Usage Side Effects and Warnings
What is Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs)?
EFAs and their sources are generally regarded as harmless, except when there might be a food allergy involved (such as an allergy to shellfish). One concern with fish and fish-oil supplements involves the accumulation of mercury, PCBs, and other environmental toxins. For information that can help you make safe fish choices, see the Environmental Working Group's "Fish List." For fish oil supplements, look for products that are certified to not contain high levels of environmental toxins.
Fish oil has a mild blood-thinning effect;2 in one case report, it increased the effect of the blood-thinning medication warfarin (Coumadin).3 Fish oil does not seem to cause bleeding problems when it is taken by itself4 or with aspirin.5 Nonetheless, people who are at risk of bleeding...
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What Happens to Your Body When You Eat 4 Almonds a Day
Tasty foods are not always healthy, and almonds are one of such rarities. They contain many vitamins and other elements that we need for health and beauty.
Here are 7 positive changes that occur if you start to eat these nuts daily.
1. Help You Lose Weight
Scientific research has shown that people who eat almonds consume less carbohydrates (baked goods, desserts) throughout the day. It also helps to lose weight normalization of metabolism, which is responsible for the vitamins and fiber found in these nuts.
2. Lower Cholesterol Level
Almonds are in the list of the 5 most effective foods that reduce the level of “bad” cholesterol. If it’s already high, it is recommended to increase the amount of almonds up to 20-30 a day. The symptoms of this condition are white spots on lower eyelids, aching legs and premature gray hair.
3. Healthy Hair
Almonds contain almost all the minerals and vitamins needed for hair growth , beauty and health. Magnesium and zinc stimulate hair growth, tocopherol strengthens it , and the vitamin B give it brightness and strength.
4. Prevents the appearance of wrinkles
These nuts contain enough manganese, that helps produce collagen, a protein responsible skin tone. Vitamin E also helps fight against aging, and concurrently is antioxidant.
5. Prevention of heart disease
The antioxidants, monounsaturated fatty acids, magnesium and copper found in almonds give great support to the heart and blood system. To prevent coronary heart disease and other cardiac conditions, eat almonds with the shell.
6. Improve brain function
The regular consumption of almonds, thanks to the tocopherol and the fatty acids that are in them, improves the memory. In addition, these nuts can slow the aging of the brain.
7. Healthy bacterial flora
The shell of almonds contains prebiotics : elements necessary for the growth and reproduction of good bacteria in the intestine. In case of dysbacteriosis (your symptoms are abdominal bloating, stomach pain, unpleasant odor of the mouth, indigestion), it’s recommended to eat 30-35 almonds a day.
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10 Largest Cattle Producing States in the US
Page 1 of 10
Do you know how does the US ranks when it comes to cattle producing and which are the 10 largest cattle producing states in the US? Is your state one of them? Keep reading and very soon you will find out this and some more interesting facts about the cattle producing in general. Let’s start with the world – the US is the 5th largest country in the world by cattle inventory, with 87,750,000 cattle head it carries 8, 77% cattle head of the world. The world cattle inventory is estimated at 1,000,585,000 head. More cattle, than the US, have India, Brazil, China and European Union, with India having the most. With 301,100,000 cattle head, India carries 30.09% of the world’s inventory. What is even more interesting is that even though the US is in the 5th place by the number of cattle head, it is in the 1st place by beef production in the world, while India is in the 5th. Although the beef production in the US in 2014 was the lowest in the last 20 years, the US still carries 19.08% of the beef production in the world, and together with Brazil and European Union carries almost half of the world’s production. Are you a fan of beef? Is that because your state is one of the 10 largest cattle producing states in the US?
Before we proceed with the list of states with the largest cattle production and reveal if your state is one of them, let’s see how the US stands when it comes to consumption of cattle products, such as beef. It is estimated for 2014 that more than 24,6 billion pounds of beef was consumed in the US. The beef consumption in the US is slowly dropping from year to year, but the US is still the largest consumer of beef in the world, right in front of the Brazil and European Union, and it is also among the countries who consume the most meat in the world. To find out on which position it is exactly, check out our list of the 10 countries that eat the most meat.
The largest parts of the US agriculture are the meat and the poultry industries. But, we shouldn’t forget that there are many cattle products other than meat, and that’s why the cattle industry is so important. So-called “by-products” are divided into three categories: medicinal, edible and inedible. People often forget about the inedible and medicinal products when they think of the cattle producing industry, and count only meat and milk products.
Most of the stated information we’ve collected from National Cattleman’s Beef Association and Beef2Live, and from there we have also found which states in the US are the largest cattle producers. So, without further ado we present you with list of largest cattle producing states in the US (2014):
10. Colorado
Number of estimated cattle head: 2,480,000
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Data Science
Why is there so Much Statistical Redundancy in Big Data?
For the last few weeks, I’ve been talking about the data-information inequality: information << data.
1. The Big Data Fallacy: Data ≠ Information
2. How Much Information is in Your Big Data and How Can You Measure It?
So by now you should understand the reason that your “information volume” is so much smaller than your “data volume” is due to the redundancy in your data. You should also understand the information that I am talking about here is the entropic information, which represents the maximum amount of information that anyone can derive from a data set by any means. Moreover, the statistical redundancy in a data set is much more complex than mere duplicate data. Nevertheless, this redundancy can be quantified rigorously, so the maximum amount of extractable information can be measured through lossless compression algorithms.
However, I haven’t explained why data (any data, regardless of how it’s created, what it represents, and how it’s stored) have so much redundancy in the first place. Statistical redundancy is very pervasive and can literally arise in an infinite number of ways. Today, we will look at three explanations that accounts for most of the statistical redundancy in data.
Data Duplication
The most obvious kind of statistical redundancy is data duplication. The majority of data duplication is created by humans, so this kind of redundancy is, typically, intentional. There are many systems in nature (e.g. DNA replication) that can produce exact copies of the same stuff. However, we also expect this to be the normal behavior for these systems, so we rarely record data on these normal behaviors. Instead, we tend to capture data only when errors or anomalies occur, and these data are rarely duplicates.
duplicate_content2.pngAny time we press CTRL-C, we are potentially contributing to the intentional duplication of data. We do this so often that we become unaware how much data we actually copied. And we may copy data for many reasons:
1. Sharing and re-sharing content with other people: data transfer, collaboration, etc.
2. Collecting, backing up, versioning, and version control of digital content through manual or automatic process
3. Publishing for mass consumption through any media
4. Co-syndicating content across multiple communication and social channels
5. Repetition of sharing, status update, check-ins at different time and/or location
Because data duplication is so obvious, it can be easily identify in data. They are often the least interesting in terms of the insight they can provide. Most analytics around any form of duplicate data is based on counting + simple arithmetic.
Slow Change: Serial Correlation
The most common mechanism that creates statistical redundancy naturally in data has to do with the seemingly slow changing nature of our world with respect to the temporal frequency of our measurement devices. Most modern computers are running in the gigahertz range (say a modest 2 GHz). That means the internal clock is ticking about 2 billion times a second. According to the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem (from the same ingenious Claude Shannon we talked about last time), this computer is able to accurately measure events that changes as fast as 1 billionth of a second (1 ns, nanosecond). That is pretty fast!
However, natural processes follow certain dynamics that are governed by laws of physics. Consequently, measurements and data about these systems will reflect the inherent time scale of these dynamics. For example, weather typically varies on the orders of days. If there is a storm, the weather may change faster (~ hours). Still, there are much faster processes, such as cellular processes (~ seconds) or human cognitive processes (~ milliseconds). If you are interested in social systems (whether they are online or offline) like me, the dynamics involved are much more complicated and there are usually multiple time scales at work, spanning a wide range from hours to months.
movie-reel3p.pngAll these processes are very slow compared to the 1 nanosecond clocks in our measuring devices. Therefore, almost all temporal data appears slow changing (except data from systems that have much faster temporal dynamics than the measuring devices, such as atomic, electronic, and nuclear processes). As a result, data from one time sample to the next are more or less the same (i.e. they are highly correlated in time). Hence this type of statistical redundancy is called serial correlation (or autocorrelation).
The best example to illustrate this type of redundancy is in video data. If you look at two consecutive frames of video data, the images of these two frames will look very similar most of the time (unless you happen to look at a transition frame, which is a fairly low probability event). So there is huge amount of statistical redundancy from one video frame to the next, even though the two frames are not exactly the same. Because video data has so much temporal redundancy, we rarely store video in raw format, so video data is almost always stored in compressed form (e.g. MPEG).
Because serial correlation is much harder to identify, the insights it can provide are also more profound. However, more advanced analytics, such as time series analysis, is required to extract these insights.
Causality: Cross-Correlation
The most fundamental mechanism that creates redundancy in data is because our world is causal. Sequences of events don’t just happen randomly in nature. Regardless of whether we understand the causal mechanism or not, most things in this world follow a causal sequence, where one event leads to another.
A direct consequence of the causal world is that many apparently unrelated events that we observed (and measure) are no longer independent from one another. They may have some deep underlying causes that relate them in some obscure ways. The way this manifests in the data we collect is that two or more seemingly unrelated variables we measured will become correlated, because they may have a common cause.
This would mean that we can infer something (not everything) about one of the variable from the other, meaning there is some redundancy between these two variables. Again, even though the data representing these two variables may be completely different, the cross-correlation between them is sufficient to create statistical redundancy.
butterfly-influence3.pngThe best example to illustrate this type of redundancy is in financial data. If we pick two completely unrelated stocks and watch it over a long period of time, we will discover that they are not completely independent. Despite that they may be from completely unrelated industries, both are subject to the same economic conditions and similar market forces. These common causes will modulate both stocks similarly and make them fluctuate more coherently, and this will increase the cross-correlation between these two stock time series.
However, the exact relationship between the two stocks may still be very complex and non-linear, and we will need powerful analytics, such as nonlinear regression, to characterize the relationship between them.
Although statistical redundancy can be created artificially when we copy data, the main reason why there is so much built-in redundancy in data is because our world is non-random. Nature operates under the laws of physics, and many events have hidden causal relationships that we may not even understand yet. People’s behaviors are not truly random either. People’s interest and taste for good content do not change unpredictably. Hence, the content they create, consume, and share, won't be completely random. Moreover, most people behave rather consistently and predictably across time and space.
As a result, the data set that reflects these non-random processes will exhibit correlation naturally. More specifically, any data set may exhibit two types of correlation:
1. Serial correlation: correlation within a single variable
2. Cross-correlation: correlation between several variables
Big data being so big will certainly have lots of data for any single variable. This will increase the probability of finding serial correlation within any one variable. Moreover, big data also has great diversity of data type (i.e. different variables). This will increase the probability of finding cross-correlation between any pairs of variables. Therefore, as big data becomes bigger and more diverse, it will also have more statistical redundancy.
I am wondering if by statistical redundancy you also mean noise? Regardless I hold the opinion that all data is inaccurate, and on this premise, the bigger data gets the more likelihood it needs cleaning.
Data Science
Hello Emeka,
Thank you for asking this question.
Statistical redundancy is not noise. To understand what signal and noise are and how they relate to data and information you should take a look at my reply to Larry Iron. In short, statistical redundancy are any two pieces of data/information your data set that are not independent from each other. That is you can predict something about one from the other. I just didn't want to copy and paste the answer here again, because I've already answered this exact question before.
Unfortunately, it does require a little understanding of statistics and what statistical independence means.
Let me know if you still don't get it after you've read through my previous answer, and I will try to expand a little more.
OK, see you next time.
Dr. Wu,
Thank you for the interesting discussion. If I may, I would like to add to the discussion.
Given your scientific background, most likely I'll be repeating what you are well familiar with, in which case please acdept my apologies upfront. In addition to the reasons mentioned, redundancy also arises due to:
(1) Multi-modal observation
(2) Multi-channel recordings
For these cases, the events under observation need not be "seemingly uncorrelated", nor necessarily temporally correlated.
Multi-channel recordings are common in scientific experiments; often the study may involve sampling with sensors across space (eg geophysics, or neurological). Depending on the spatial variation of the event, the recorded data may or may not be redundant. In the case of neural recordings, say using EEG (electroencephalograms), clearly there is varying degree of information duplication across sensors at each instant. Similarly, worldwide recordings of a major earthquake will show
redundancies. Multi-modal recordings are simultaneous observations of a given event using different means. Again, take for example neural recordings - one can measure the neural activity using EEG and MEG (magnetoencephalogram) simultaneously. Same event, but different "views" of the event. Use of different modalities is justified on the grounds that one modatility can capture certain kinds of information better than the other (or absent in the other), and together they complement each other. Needless adding, there is much redundancy across these two modalities.
Given my background, I've provided scientific examples. I wouldn't be surprised if analogies can drawn for business situations and applications.
Data Science
Hello Relay,
Thanks for contributing to this discussion.
Please feel free to contribute to the discussion anytime. It never hurts to have a different perspective.
The two mechanism for redundancy you proposed are actually subsumed in the causal nature of the world (i.e. the 3 mechanism in my blog). Measuring the same events under different condition or different modality by different technology means that the data actually has the same underlying cause. And this causal nature is what leads to a lot of correlation and therefore redundancy in the data.
It is definitely another way to look at how causality creates redundancy. And you are totally right. Lots of measurement are actually measuring the same thing under a different variable. At least people in the scientific community are honest about the fact that they are measuring the same thing, which is a good thing. It definitely creates less confusion that way.
BTW, I used to work in a neurophysiology and fMRI lab, so EEG and MEG are common technologies that I play with. ;-)
Anyway, thanks for the discussion, and see you next time.
Hello Dr. Wu, Thank you for your response. Yes, I hear you that the cases I mention can be viewed as a special case of causality. I should have said that the 2 cases are additional examples from the scientific world. Thanks. -R
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Language education by region
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Practices in language education vary significantly by region. Firstly, the languages being learned differ; in the United States, Spanish is the most popular language to be learned, whereas the most popular languages to be learned in Australia are Italian and Mandarin Chinese. Also, teaching methods tend to differ by region. Language immersion is popular in some European countries, but is not used very much in the United States.
Foreign language education[edit]
In fact, even in 1974, at least one foreign language was compulsory in all but two European member states: Ireland and the United Kingdom (apart from Scotland). By 1998 nearly all pupils in Europe studied at least one foreign language as part of their compulsory education, the only[citation needed] exception being the Republic of Ireland, where primary and secondary schoolchildren learn both Irish and English, but neither is considered a foreign language although a third European language is also taught. Pupils in upper secondary education learn at least two foreign languages in Belgium, France, Denmark, Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, Finland, Sweden, Switzerland, Greece, Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia and Slovakia.
On average in Europe, at the start of foreign language teaching, pupils have lessons for three to four hours a week. Compulsory lessons in a foreign language normally start at the end of primary school or the start of secondary school. In Luxembourg, Norway, Italy and Malta, however, the first foreign language starts at age six, in Sweden at age seven and in Belgium at age 10. About half of the EU's primary school pupils learn a foreign language.
Despite the high rate of foreign language teaching in schools, the number of adults claiming to speak a foreign language is generally lower than might be expected. This is particularly true of native English speakers: in 2004 a British survey[which?] showed that only one in 10 UK workers could speak a foreign language. Less than 5% could count to 20 in a second language, for example. 80% said they could work abroad anyway, because "everyone speaks English." In 2001, a European Commission survey[which?] found that 65.9% of people in the UK spoke only their native tongue.
Bilingual education[edit]
In some countries, learners have lessons taken entirely in a foreign language: for example, more than half of European countries with a minority or regional language community use partial immersion to teach both the minority and the state language.
In the 1960s and 1970s, some central and eastern European countries created a system of bilingual schools for well-performing pupils. Subjects other than languages were taught in a foreign language. In the 1990s this system was opened to all pupils in general education, although some countries still make candidates sit an entrance exam. At the same time, Belgium's French community, France, the Netherlands, Austria and Finland also started bilingual schooling schemes. Germany meanwhile had established some bilingual schools in the late 1960s.
United States[edit]
In most school systems, foreign language is taken in high school, with many schools requiring one to three years of foreign language in order to graduate. In some school systems, foreign language is also taught during middle school, and recently, many elementary schools have begun teaching foreign languages as well. However, foreign language immersion programs are growing in popularity, making it possible for elementary school children to begin serious development of a second language.
In late 2009 the Center for Applied Linguistics completed an extensive survey documenting foreign language study in the United States [1]. The most popular language is Spanish, due to the large number of recent Spanish-speaking immigrants to the United States (see Spanish in the United States). According to this survey, in 2008 88% of language programs in elementary schools taught Spanish, compared to 93% in secondary schools. Other languages taught in U.S. high schools in 2008, in descending order of frequency, were French, German, Latin, Mandarin Chinese, American Sign Language, Italian, and Japanese. During the Cold War, the United States government pushed for Russian education, and some schools still maintain their Russian programs [2]. Other languages recently gaining popularity include Arabic. The Center for Applied Linguistics also conducted a study that concluded that while the number of schools from the elementary to secondary level offering foreign language instruction are on the rise, a pitfall of the curriculum is that students are not becoming proficient in the target languages.[1] Researchers also note that American students of foreign languages significantly underperform in comparison to their European and Asian counterparts. It has been suggested that a system where foreign language instruction is required from PK-12 should be implemented in order to fix this problem .[2]
Prior to European colonisation, there were hundreds of Aboriginal languages, taught in a traditional way. The arrival of a substantial number of Irish in the first English convict ships meant that European Australia was not ever truly monolingual. When the gold rushes of the 1850s trebled the white population, it brought many more Welsh speakers, who had their own language newspapers through to the 1870s, but the absence of language education meant that these Celtic languages never flourished.
Waves of European migration after World War II brought "community languages," sometimes with schools. However, from 1788 until modern times it was generally expected that immigrants would learn English and abandon their first language.[3][full citation needed] The wave of multicultural policies since the 1970s has softened aspects of these attitudes.
In 1982 a bipartisan committee of Australian parliamentarians was appointed and identified a number of guiding principles that would support a National Policy on Languages (NPL). Its trend was towards bilingualism in all Australians, for reasons of fairness, diversity and economics.
In the 1990s the Australian Languages and Literacy Policy (ALLP) was introduced, building on the NPL, with extra attention being given to the economic motivations of second language learning. A distinction became drawn between priority languages and community languages. The ten priority languages identified were Mandarin, French, German, Modern Greek, Indonesian, Japanese, Italian, Korean, Spanish and Aboriginal languages.
However, Australia's federal system meant that the NPL and ALLP direction was really an overall policy from above without much engagement from the states and territories. The NALSAS strategy united Australian Government policy with that of the states and territories. It focused on four targeted languages: Mandarin, Indonesian, Japanese and Korean. This would be integrated into studies of Society and Environment, English and Arts.
By 2000, the top ten languages enrolled in the final high school year were, in descending order: Japanese, French, German, Chinese, Indonesian, Italian, Greek, Vietnamese, Spanish and Arabic. In 2002, only about 10% of Year 12 included at least one language other than English (LOTE) among their course choices. In 2009, Lo Bianco and Slaughter, recommended a new approach, stating that “What is needed is a universal apprenticeship in learning how to learn languages”.[4] An apprenticeship language is a relatively easy language which is taught to overcome the limitations of monolingualism, in preparation for later mastery of a different language or languages.
Reasons to use an apprenticeship language are:[citation needed]
• To make a start when target language teachers are unavailable.
• To master a whole foreign language, for motivation and effective subsequent learning.
• To combat procrastination in the face of diverse priorities in Language education.
• To normalize bilingualism and promote flexibility.
• To model creative problem solving, ethical behaviour and global citizenship.
A resource and method has been devised to implement the ALL approach by equipping generalist primary (elementary) teachers to teach the simple designed language Esperanto as a first, fluent, intercultural, foreign language.[5]
The professional body for teachers of foreign languages in Australia is the Australian Federation of Modern Language Teachers Associations.
Hong Kong[edit]
Native Cantonese-speaking Hong Kong children commence learning English and maybe also Mandarin from age 3 when they go to kindergarten and continue until they finish their secondary education.[citation needed] The Hong Kong government's language policy is to produce people who are biliterate in English and Written Chinese and trilingual in Cantonese, Mandarin and English. In order to enter university in Hong Kong, students must pass both English and Chinese exams, or in the case of those who did not learn Chinese at school, due to having studied at an international school, another foreign language.[citation needed]
United Kingdom[edit]
Since 2014 it has been compulsory for primary school children to be taught at least one language.[6][7] [8] In 2004 it was no longer compulsory for secondary school pupils to have to study a foreign language at GCSE level.[9]
1. ^ Pufahl, Ingrid. "What We Can Learn From Foreign Language Teaching In Other Countries". Center for Applied Linguistics. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
2. ^ "Cognitive Benefits of Learning Language". Online Newsletter for Parents of Gifted Youth. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
3. ^ Clyne, 1997.
4. ^ Lo Bianco, J (2009). Second Languages and Australian Schooling. Australian Council for Educational Research.
5. ^ Vos, P (2010). Talking to the Whole Wide World: Integrated LOTE and Intercultural Studies for Australian Primary Schools. Mondeto.
6. ^ "BBC News - Teach foreign languages from age five, says Gove". October 1, 2011. Retrieved February 19, 2012.
7. ^ Lepkowska, Dorothy (March 3, 2011). "An innovative scheme is helping primary teachers brush up their language skills - Schools - Education". The Independent. Retrieved February 19, 2012.
8. ^
9. ^ Richardson, Hannah (January 20, 2011). "BBC News - Gove: 'Door open' for compulsory foreign language GCSE". Retrieved February 19, 2012.
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Book Details
Author Tim McNeese
Publisher Chelsea House Publications
Publication Date March 1, 2003
ISBN 0791071030
Pages 112
Buy this book
Explore historic battles and military events that had a lasting impact on the people and cultures of the world. Important sieges of the ancient and modern world are included, and their impact on subsequent regional or world history is discussed. The series reflects an international approach, including sieges from North America, Russia, and the Near and Far East. In 72 A.D. the Romans began a siege of the Jewish Zealots at their mountaintop fortress of Masada. In the final hours, faced with certain annihilation, these Zealots made their ultimate challenge to Roman rule by taking their own lives rather than submitting to Roman authority.
Customer Reviews
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In the following program though most of the working part of the program is commented out, it gives seg fault. reducing the value of MAX to say 10000 removes the seg fault. Why is this happening? it should be only 1 MB only. Is 1 MB too big for an array?
#include <stdio.h>
#define MAX 1000010
int main()
int m;
int n;
int carry;
int sum;
int i, j;
int n1[MAX];
int n2[MAX];
char r[MAX];
scanf("%d", &n);
//for (i = 0;i < n;i++)
//scanf("%d", &m);
//for (j = 0;j < m;j++)
// scanf("%d %d\n", &n1[j], &n2[j]);
carry = 0;
/*for (j = m-1;j >= 0;j--)
sum = n1[j]+n2[j]+carry;
if (sum >= 10) {
sum -= 10;
carry = 1;
carry = 0;
r[j] = sum+'0';
r[m] = '\0';
if (carry == 1)
printf("1%s\n\n", r);
printf("%s\n\n", r);
return 0;
7 Years
Discussion Span
Last Post by Salem
Empirically, you have proven that it is indeed, too large. Remember, not only must that quantity of RAM be present, but it also must be contiguous. Also, you are asking for memory only from the stack.
Try re-booting your system (to enable the largest RAM possible), and if that should fail, you'll want to use malloc() or calloc() for your memory request. It's more complicated, but it gets memory from a larger resource than the stack can offer.
Edited by Adak: n/a
On the stack, 9 MB might be asking a bit much. Either try a variable with static duration (a global) or use dynamic allocation (prefer the latter).
Votes + Comments
"A bit much" pun intended? Found it humorous.
Everything on your machine is FINITE
$ ulimit -a
core file size (blocks, -c) 0
data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited
scheduling priority (-e) 20
file size (blocks, -f) unlimited
pending signals (-i) 16382
max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64
max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited
open files (-n) 1024
pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8
POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200
real-time priority (-r) 0
stack size (kbytes, -s) 8192
cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited
max user processes (-u) unlimited
virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited
file locks (-x) unlimited
Even "unlimited" just means that it isn't constrained to some given value, it just means "whatever is available".
I just happen to have 8MB stacks.
A popular other choice on 32 bit machines would be 1MB (like it seems for you).
If you were on a 16-bit x86, you'd be stuck with 64K MAX. The default for 16-bit compilers was something like 4K IIRC.
Embedded processors can have even narrower limits on the amount of stack space.
Saying static int n1[MAX]; would fix the immediate problem. Though you should implement a more dynamic approach based on the input parameter n.
But start with MAX = 10 while you get the rest of the code working, THEN change to dynamic allocation (it's very easy when everything else works).
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The New York City Police Department announced Wednesday that it will deploy, then track, what it calls “harmless” gases into the city’s subway system over three non-consecutive days this summer.
The plan, to be enacted in July, will investigate New York’s readiness to handle a chemical terrorist attack by dispersing the colorless gas and tracing it as it flows through the city, according to Scientific American. The test is expected to cost $3.4 million and is scheduled to be carried out in all five boroughs and dozens of stations on 21 of the city's 34 subway lines.
The NYPD works for the best but plans for the worst when it comes to potentially catastrophic attacks such as ones employing radiological contaminants or weaponized anthrax,” police commissioner Ray Kelly said in a statement.
The police will use roughly 200 detectors to monitor the gas. Dubbed the Subway-Surface Air Flow Exchange, the test will be the largest of its kind and organized in cooperation with the energy department’s Brookhaven National Laboratory. They’ll use perfluorocarbon tracer gases (PFTs), which are frequently used to measure potential sites for underground construction.
Despite the science fiction catastrophe a plan of this magnitude naturally conjures, Fernando Ferrer, the acting chairman of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority maintained that it will not impact commuters.
The NYPD, in partnership with the MTA, is responsible for keeping more than 5 million daily subway customers safe and secure,” he said in a statement Wednesday. “This study will bolster the NYPD’s understanding of contaminant dispersion within the subway system as well as between the subway system and street, thereby improving its ability to better protect both customers and the city population at large.”
The scheduled gas deployment comes years after investigators foiled an Al-Qaeda terrorist plot to bomb the New York subways, the largest public transportation system in the world. Three men had planned to detonate suicide vests just days before the eighth anniversary of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in what US Attorney General Eric Holder at the time called “one of the most serious threats” to the United States since 2001.
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What Jobs Are Available in Medical Laboratories?
Is a Health Career in a Medical Lab Right for You?
Medical lab technician using microscope in laboratory
Hero Images / Getty Images
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics: "Medical laboratory technologists (commonly known as medical laboratory scientists) and medical laboratory technicians collect samples and perform tests to analyze body fluids, tissue, and other substances."
Why Consider Medical Laboratory Careers?
Is a career as a medical lab worker right for you? Working in a medical laboratory could be an excellent career option for you if you are interested in a medical job that does not require direct patient care or continual patient interaction.
If you are more interested in the science and technology aspect of the medical field, as opposed to direct patient care, a medical laboratory job may be the perfect career track for you! Additionally, if you are comfortable with computers, medical equipment, and have an excellent attention to detail, you could be very successful in a medical laboratory role.
What and Where Are Medical Laboratory Jobs?
Some medical labs are housed in medical facilities such as a large hospital or clinic. Other medical labs are corporate owned labs that charge medical facilities for processing lab work as an outsourced service. Other medical labs may be university or government-owned labs that conduct research or analyze specimens for government healthcare providers. Therefore, as a medical laboratory professional, you could work as an employee of a corporation, a university, a government institution, or directly for a hospital or other healthcare facility.
What Is the Work Environment in Medical Laboratories?
Medical laboratories are often well-lit, sterile environments with a lot of high-tech equipment for viewing and analyzing microscopic samples of human tissue or bodily fluids.
Working in a medical lab may entail many hours of sitting or standing, peering into microscopes or utilizing biomedical equipment to process slides and specimens.
Additionally, some type of computer software will most likely be used for documentation purposes. Depending on the role and the type of specimens being handled in the lab, you may have to wear protective covering such as gloves, goggles, mask, or lab coat.
If you tend to enjoy jobs that are technical in nature, and if you enjoy working relatively independently, working in a medical laboratory may be a good fit for you.
Outlook for Medical Laboratory Jobs
The number of medical laboratory jobs is on the rise, expected to increase by 16% by 2024. That means training for a medical laboratory career is likely to pay off. Even better, jobs are available in most towns and cities, which means you may not need to move to find an opportunity in your field. Annual pay varies from the mid $30's to mid $60's, with the average salary at a little over $50,000. There are a variety of medical laboratory careers available at a variety of educational levels, from high school graduates to doctorate level professionals. Therefore, salaries for medical lab careers vary accordingly.
A few examples of medical laboratory jobs and job titles are:
• Medical Lab Technician (MLT)
• Medical Technologist (MT)
• Cytotechnologist
Continue Reading
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Hobbit can't find place in human race
Brain comparisons add fuel to a debate about whether bones found on a remote island are a miniature Homo erectus or something else.
March 04, 2005|By Peter Gorner, Tribune science reporter.
The discovery last fall of bones belonging to a miniature human relative nicknamed "the Hobbit" detonated a scientific debate over what they are, how they got there and what they say about human evolution.
According to the discoverers, the skull and other bones representing seven individuals belong to a previously unknown dwarfed human species--by far the smallest ever found, with a brain no bigger than a grapefruit. That view was bolstered Thursday by brain comparisons laid out in the online edition of the journal Science.
But some scientists are adamant that the fossils, which were found in a limestone cave on the remote Indonesian island of Flores, are not a new species, dubbed Homo floresiensis. They say the skull is that of a pygmy Homo erectus, a prehistoric human ancestor that was thought to have arrived in Southeast Asia around 1.7 million years ago.
Others insist the skull belonged to a microcephalic, a human with an abnormally small skull and brain.
The debate spotlights the process by which scientific discoveries--particularly those of early humans--are tested under fire and ultimately supported or rejected. In recent months, the discussion has turned particularly acrimonious with scientists taking sides, battling over access to the fossils and accusing one another of unethical behavior.
"In our field, paleoanthropology, that's normal. The bone wars. It's the nature of the beast. I'd be surprised if it were any other way," said Dean Falk, chairman of anthropology at Florida State University and a specialist in how brains evolve.
The find equals or surpasses the identification of other ancestors, such as the Taung Baby in 1925, which yanked the birthplace of humanity to Africa, marked the beginning of modern paleoanthropology and sparked an ongoing debate about human evolution, she said.
"The discovery of this species has flummoxed the field," Falk said.
The scientists who found the fossils say the species existed during roughly half the 30,000 years that Homo sapiens sapiens--man who knows he is man--was presumed to be Earth's sole human inhabitant.
The bones offered the first evidence that a human species stranded on a remote island with limited resources would get small to survive. Such dwarfing is common in other mammals but previously unknown in any primate.
Thursday's article was published by a team of radiological experts who completed the first detailed study of the Hobbit's brain using computer-assisted technology. Their findings support the theory of a unique ancestral species with a surprisingly sophisticated miniature brain.
"The scaling of the brain to body isn't at all what we'd expect to find in pygmies, and the shape is all wrong to be a microcephalic. This is something new," said Falk, who led the team.
"The brain is the size of a chimp's, and that's what I thought we'd be looking at. But instead there were fancier things on the Hobbit's brain. It was much more like the brains of advanced creatures. I've never seen that in anything this size."
Falk worked with colleagues from the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis; the University of New England, Australia; and the Indonesian Centre for Archaeology, Jakarta.
The team's findings will not end the debate over the fossils.
"Their argument simply doesn't work," said Robert Martin, a primatologist from the Field Museum of Natural History and a leading critic of the Hobbit.
The suggestion, he said, is that this is a dwarf species that evolved from Homo erectus.
"But within a species, brain size doesn't change much with body size," said Martin. "We've got lots of Homo erectus skulls and they had an average brain size of 1,000 cubic centimeters. If you halve their body size, that would reduce the brain to 850 cc.
"But with the Hobbit, they're reporting a brain size of 380 cc, so it's less than half of what it should be. This brain is just far too small. It just doesn't fit."
Martin hasn't changed his original view: "The lone skull came from a woman who had microcephaly, a rare disorder that causes a tiny head and brain. Microcephaly causes the face to grow at a normal rate, but not the head. People wind up with a sloping forehead and no chin--just like the Hobbit."
Falk's team created what is known as the first virtual endocast of the Hobbit's brain case. The reconstruction used three-dimensional CAT scans to reproduce details of the external surface of the brain.
They compared the cast with several other casts from great apes, Homo erectus, other extinct human ancestors, a human pygmy and a microcephalic.
The Hobbit's sloping forehead, arched brow ridges and nutcracker jaw resemble Homo erectus, the scientists said.
But the brain contained hints of unusual complexity that could explain its sophistication despite its miniaturization, according to Washington University radiologist Charles Hildebolt, a specialist in imaging research.
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Friday, November 28, 2014
Grand Rapids, the test case for fluoridation
In January of 1945, Grand Rapids became the first city to introduce fluoride to its water supply. Was this a net positive or a net negative? It depends on who you ask.
The American Dental Association has established that a .7 parts per million solution of fluoride is the optimal for the prevention of tooth decay, and many West Michigan dentists agree. There is no doubt that the often catastrophic tooth issues that plagued our grandparents are much rarer in American society now, and there is certainly a correlation between children with access to fluoridated water and lowered rates of tooth decay.
The Center for Disease Control considers the fluoridation of American water supplies to be a huge public health victory. About 70 percent of American municipal water is currently fluoridated.
There are a number of groups that exist to advocate for removing fluoridation from water as well, and it's useful to consider their arguments before coming to any conclusion.
One of the biggest arguments against water fluoridation is that essentially it's a rather uncontrolled science experiment on a captive population. By dosing whole communities with fluoride governments ensure access to this chemical, but do these populations know what is going into their body? What grade is the fluoride being added? Apparently it's not pharmaceutical grade fluoride.
Secondly, consuming fluoride isn't necessary to reduce cavities - this is why topical use in toothpaste serves teeth adequately. Taking in regular amounts of fluoride over time has largely unknown long-term health effects, and they are largely unknown because they are largely unstudied. But there does appear to be some evidence that fluoride exposure increases risk for infertility, arthritis, lowered I.Q., thyroid issues, bone problems, and bone cancer.
What's more, not everyone's exposure to fluoride is the same, since people drink different amounts of water and children, particularly babies fed on formula have higher fluoride intake. Furthermore, while poor children without access to other sources of water such as bottled water are more exposed to fluoride in the water, they still have higher rates of dental decay than other children. Dental problems have steadily decreased in American populations, but they've also decreased in European populations without access to fluoridated water.
There are many more arguments against fluoridation, and few people are aware of them since fluoride is viewed as a wonder chemical and actively advertised. Grand Rapidians are increasingly interested in exploring options for better and more natural food options and healthcare. They care about what they put into their bodies. It would be worthwhile for them to be aware of what is going into their bodies without permission as well - and to ask questions.
How will West Michigan's retailers fare this Black Friday?
Revenues made in the last six weeks of any fiscal year frequently make the difference between businesses finishing the year in the red as opposed to the black. So there is a lot of interest in Black Friday and the excitement shoppers show (as well as the money they spend) over the long Thanksgiving weekend.
Yesterday many major retailers in West Michigan, including Macy’s and JCPenney, decided to open in the evening to take extra advantage of shoppers’ enthusiasm. Many other smaller stores located in the malls these stores anchor did not, although they were under some pressure from mall management to open as well. The Grand Traverse Mall threatened fines for stores that were not open during the required hours of 8 P.M. Thursday to 1 A.M. Friday.
As of this morning news outlets were reporting that crowds were smaller than last year when stores opened their doors at 5 A.M. Some speculated that this was because even more shopping venues were open even earlier this year so the competition for shoppers was fiercer. It’s possible that black shoppers boycotting Black Friday over the Ferguson grand jury outcome earlier this week may have had an impact as well. Nationwide, African-American shoppers have about $1 trillion in customer clout, some percentage of which is in Grand Rapids which is demographically about 21 percent black.
Of course, many retailers hope that shoppers will keep their money in the local economy by patronizing local businesses. In order to better facilitate this, Local First of Grand Rapids have put together a local treasure holiday box showcasing the products of area entrepreneurs. Local First estimates that dollars spent on local retailers are much more likely to stay within the community and will be filtered through other venues, creating and sustaining local jobs and strengthening bonds within the community and empowering smaller players. For those interested in stimulating the local economy, whether through buying apparel, craft beer, or auto partsSmall Business Saturday is tomorrow, November 29.
Currently there is no real consensus about whether it’s appropriate to open on Thanksgiving. Many people feel that the encroachment of commercialism on a national holiday is wrong. Others love the thrill of bargain hunting no matter when opportunity knocks. It remains to be seen what the impact of either group will be on Black Friday and the bottom line of our local economy in 2014.
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Lymphadenitis: Symptoms and Treatment
Lymphadenitis is an inflammatory process, localized in the lymph nodes. In rare cases, it is an independent pathology, most often its presence is a kind of symptom that signals that any pathological reactions take place in the human body. It is worth noting that the symptoms of lymphadenitis can be diverse — it all depends on what kind of pathology progresses in humans.
Common symptoms are represented by local and general body temperature increase, severe pain syndrome, skin flushing, chills and itching. Lymphadenitis is a pathology that can develop in any person, regardless of gender and age. It is often diagnosed in children.
All the causes that can trigger the progression of lymphadenitis can be conditionally divided into two large groups — non-infectious and infectious.
Most often there are infectious causes. Infectious agents from pathological foci that already exist in the body, spread through the blood and lymphatic vessels and provoke the development of the inflammatory process. The causative agents of pathology are the following pathogenic microorganisms:
• Streptococcus
• Staphylococcus;
• Tubercle bacillus
• HIV;
• parasitic infections
• fungal infections.
Non-infectious causes of lymphadenitis:
1. The inflammatory process develops in response to the introduction of a foreign body into the body (a frequent cause of the progression of the disease)
2. Oncology of lymphatic vessels. This pathology is also called lymphoma;
3. Metastatic cancer that has spread from other parts of the body (this reason is more common in the elderly.)
In medicine, a classification is used that is based on such criteria:
• etiology
• duration of leak;
• the nature of the inflammatory process
• Localization location
Classification of lymphadenitis, depending on the intensity and duration of the inflammatory process:
1. acute lymphadenitis. The onset of development of the pathological process is acute. The main causes of the progression of pathology: infection of the wound, the presence of an acute infectious disease in the body, the surgical intervention
2. chronic lymphadenitis. This pathology is directly related to the progression of cancer or the presence of an infectious process in the body that does not subside for a long time
3. Recurrent. The cause of this is a chronic infection.
According to the etiology:
• nonspecific. Its development is promoted by bacterial and fungal flora, which is almost always present on the skin and mucous membranes
• Specific. In this case, lymphadenitis indicates that specific infections such as toxoplasmosis, plague, tularemia, tuberculosis, syphilis, brucellosis began to spread beyond the pathological focus.
By the nature of the inflammatory process:
1. serous. This species is a stage that precedes purulent lymphadenitis. There is a malaise, as a rule, without pronounced symptoms. Develops as a consequence of lymphoma, cancerous metastases or viral infection;
2. purulent. A dangerous form of pathology. Symptoms are pronounced. Without treatment, sepsis can develop. The patient has a worsening state of health, severe pain, fever, etc.
In the place of localization of the inflammatory process:
• submandibular lymphadenitis. The most common form;
• Neck lymphadenitis. Most often it can be diagnosed in a child or in people who are often ill with colds;
• inguinal lymphadenitis in women and men. It is usually diagnosed only in adults. The child is diagnosed in rare cases,
• Axillary lymphadenitis
• Parotid lymphadenitis
Symptoms of lymphadenitis directly depend on the type of pathology, the severity of its course, and also on the location of the pathological process.
Acute catarrhal lymphadenitis
Acute lymphadenitis of this form is considered to be the easiest. In case of its progression, lymph nodes are enlarged and compacted. With palpation, they are painful. Their mobility is preserved. Sometimes there is edema and hyperemia of tissues located in close proximity to the inflamed lymph node. Body temperature rises to subfebrile values. The general well-being of the patient deteriorates somewhat. Sometimes the body itself removes the infection and the inflammation passes.
Acute purulent lymphadenitis
Acute lymphadenitis with development of purulent process is the most dangerous form of pathology. In the structures of the node an abscess is formed, because of which nearby tissues begin to melt. Such a lymph node stops performing protective functions and turns into a source of infection, from which bacteria with a current of lymph and blood spread to other organs. Purulent lymphadenitis can lead to sepsis.
Symptoms of the disease:
1. the patient’s condition is very severe
2. strong fever
3. fever;
4. nausea, vomiting is possible;
5. Lymph nodes are painful and immobile. This is due to the fact that due to edema and inflammation they are soldered to a number of located tissues
6. the skin is hyperemic
7. spontaneous dissection of the abscess. Do not think that it will bring relief. There is no guarantee that purulent contents will completely leave the site and the suppuration process will stop. It is especially dangerous if the abscess ruptures inside.
Chronic lymphadenitis
Chronic lymphadenitis in children and adults develops against a backdrop of chronic or slow infectious processes in the body. He often indicates that syphilis or tuberculosis develops. Lymph nodes increase usually in one area (submaxillary, axillary, on the neck), are mobile and slightly painful.
A characteristic symptom of chronic lymphadenitis in a child or adult is a periodic increase in lymph nodes that never return to their physiological dimensions.
Submandibular form
Submandibular lymphadenitis in children and adults is most common. Usually, it begins to progress against the background of diseases of the oral cavity — caries, gingivitis, pulpitis, periodontitis and others. Also, the cause of its development can be sore throat. The submaxillary form of the disease is characterized by the defeat of the submaxillary lymph nodes — they become more numerous, painful and can become inflated.
Pain syndrome in the submaxillary form is strengthened during movements of the lower jaw. Sometimes the pain radiates into the ears. For this reason, with such a localization of the pathological process, the child is required to exclude acute otitis media. Because of inflammation, body temperature also rises, and symptoms of general intoxication of the body join in. If there is an abscess in the submaxillary form, then this can provoke the development of dangerous complications.
Cervical lymphadenitis
Cervical lymphadenitis in adults often develops because of the presence of tuberculosis in the body. Also, the cause of its development may be angina, otitis. Cervical lymphadenitis in children is diagnosed most often. The reasons for its development are the same as in adults, only the list of ailments is complemented by influenza and ARVI.
The disease occurs in both acute and chronic forms. In the case of an acute current, the nodes can be inflated and spontaneously opened. As a rule, this leads to the development of dangerous complications — adenoplegmons of the neck, mediastinitis. The chronic form usually progresses against a background of acute respiratory viral infection or influenza. The patient does not experience any symptoms of intoxication, and purulent transformation does not occur.
Axillary form
Axillary lymphadenitis is less common than submandibular or cervical. It is rarely diagnosed in a child. The main cause of inflammation of the lymph nodes in the armpit is the transfer of pathogenic microorganisms with blood and lymph flow from other foci of infection. Also, the infection can penetrate through the trauma of the skin in this area. Often this happens during shaving. Through the cut, infectious agents easily penetrate into the tissues, and axillary lymphadenitis begins to progress.
Symptoms of axillary form of pathology:
• enlarged lymph nodes and their suppuration
• increase in body temperature;
• Severe tenderness of nodes
• common intoxication phenomena
• edema of surrounding tissues
• a breakthrough of the abscess outward (with the formation of fistulas in the armpit basin) and inward (the formation of adenophlegmonia).
In chronic axillary lymphadenitis, the nodes can weld together. In this case, conglomerates are formed. When palpating, they are usually not palpable.
Inguinal form
The child is rarely diagnosed. More often, pathology develops in adults. The reasons for its progress:
1. pyogenic microflora;
2. pale treponema
3. erysipelas of lower extremities;
4. Malignant formation in pelvic organs
5. education on the genitals of benign and malignant nature.
• tenderness of lymph nodes;
• suppuration contributes to the development of such complications: purulent fistula, thrombophlebitis, phlegmon.
The standard plan for diagnosis of lymphadenitis in children and adults includes:
1. blood test
2. palpation of the lymph nodes
3. blood test for HIV
4. CT;
5. Ultrasound;
6. skin-allergic tests
7. Biopsy.
Treatment of lymphadenitis should only be complex. It should be noted that it is necessary to treat not only this pathological process, but also to treat diseases of organs and systems that caused the progression of lymphadenitis.
At the initial stages of the development of the pathological process, it is advisable to resort to conservative treatment:
• The affected area should be physically touched as little as possible (full rest)
• Anti-inflammatory ointments and medications
• physiotherapy: ultrasound, galvanization, electrophoresis.
If during the diagnosis it was accurately determined that the cause of the progression of the pathology is the infectious flora, then antibiotics should be included in the therapy. This is especially true if there is a purulent process. His treatment is carried out only surgically — the festering cavity is opened and drained. After this, it is necessary to regularly carry out the treatment of the wound and its dressing. Antibiotics are appointed immediately after the intervention.
If during the biopsy it was found that there is a tumor process, then in this case resort to chemotherapy and radiation.
Treat lymphadenitis recommended by such drugs:
1. Analgesics. Will help reduce the intensity of pain;
2. Anti-inflammatory drugs
3. antibiotics that help to destroy the infection. The duration of the procedure and the schedule is prescribed by the doctor. Generally, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed.
Treatment of lymphadenitis alone with the help of medications is strictly prohibited, since there is a high risk of complications. If a child or an adult has symptoms of a pathology, immediately consult a qualified doctor who will prescribe adequate treatment. Also, the treatment of pathology by folk remedies is excluded.
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November 15, 2007
November 15 | Dalai Lama VI
1683 - November 15, 1706: Age 23
Tsangyang Gyatso was one of those men you can't put in a box, figuratively speaking. He was recognized at the age of 5 as the reincarnation of the Fifth Dalai Lama, but immediately put into hiding. The political situation in Tibet was deemed too unstable to announce the death of the old Dalai Lama, and in medieval Tibet it was not impossible to hide someone's death from much of the country and the outside world for some years. In 1697 the death of the Fifth was announced, as was the news that the Sixth had been found. Thus began Tsangyang Gyatso's short career as a public figure.
In 1701 the Regent, who had been protecting him, was the victim of a Mongol-ordered assassination (Tibet, China, and the Mongols have a long history of mutual influence and interference). The young Dalai Lama left his studies and renounced his monk vows, and embarked on a life of booze and romance. He continued to function as Dalai Lama, but insisted on wearing layman's clothes and refused to ride in a special palanquin and other spiritual perks. The love songs he wrote for his paramours are very highly regarded in Tibetan literature.
Using this behaviour as an excuse, in 1706 a Mongol king deposed Tsangyang Gyatso and declared a 25-year-old Lama the "real" Dalai Lama. The Tibetans would not accept him. Another Mongol tribe was invited in to oust the one that had deposed him — this is classic Tibetan history, there's always another Mongol tribe to invite in for an invasion. By 1717 the unwanted Mongols had been defeated, but it was way too late — Tsangyang had died mysteriously in 1706 while being spirited out of the country.
Sources: Wikipedia, BBC News
Note: I can't resist pointing out that at around the time Tsangyang was being kidnapped, Johann Sebastian Bach was walking 400 miles to Lübeck to study organ with Dietrich Buxtehude. Music nerd stuff.
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Gramar d'Eulingu - Teatru/teatri vs. teatar/teatari & artiklu/artiklu vs. artikal/artikali
EN It is the goal of Eulingu to make the creation, grammar, spelling, phonology, vocabulary and pronounciation of words as simple as possible, so that the European mind grows accustomed to it in order to lay the foundation for this new European auxiliary language. Therefore it is sometimes necessary to allow 2 or more different versions of the same term/expression when no agreement can be found (the roman-germanic clash :-) within the Skol d'Eulingu => i.e. "day" = dag vs. jur => both terms are acceptable and can be used within Eulingu as seen in the following examples.
Oskar: "God dag, Sarah!"
Sarah: "God dag, Oskar, qva'estud drinkir?"
Oskar: "Estam drinkir un tasu d'tey"
Pierre: "Bon jur, Jose!"
Jose: "Bon jur, Pierre, qva'estud drinkir?"
Pierre: "Estam drinkir un tasu d'cafu"
Up to now endings such as "-cle" or "-kel" are/were translated as "-al" into Eulingu but - although it seems a pretty solid and easy solution - make a word rather long, therefore the Skol d'Eulingu has introduced a second alternative in the form of "-klu" and "-kli", i.e. nu artikal/ni artikali vs. nu artiklu/ni artikli.
Both variations are allowed and can be used within Eulingu and it will be decided at a later stage, which will be part of the future "main lang" while the other will be described as "slang lang". Similar rules apply to the existing "-ar" ending which replaces "-re" and "-er", i.e. nu teatar/ni teatari vs. nu teatru/ni teatri => it has to be seen which version will become most familiar with Europeans.
€ Dar destinazon d' be continued
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When Your Child Has Cerebral Palsy (CP)
Cerebral palsy (CP) causes a child to have problems with certain motor skills. This means that he or she may have trouble with coordination, movement, or muscle control. These problems are caused by damage or abnormal development of certain brain areas. Many children with cerebral palsy have normal intelligence in spite of their difficulty with motor skills. CP can range in severity, but it doesn’t get worse over time. Unfortunately, CP does not get better over time either. With diagnosis and treatment, children can learn how to manage their condition.
What are the causes of CP?
Most children with CP are born with it. CP is caused by problems with brain development before birth or early injury to the brain during the time of birth. CP is slightly more common in boys than girls. Babies with low birth weight or who are born before their due date (premature babies) are more likely to have the condition. Often there is no definite cause of CP.
What are the different types of CP?
CP can be divided into different types. These include:
• Spastic CP, in which a child has more muscle tone than normal in the arms, torso, or legs. This causes the muscles to be stiff and jerk or spasm. In some cases, only one side of the body is affected.
• Athetoid CP, in which a child has poor muscle control. This causes uncontrolled or sudden movements of the arms, legs, hands, or feet. In some cases, the facial muscles or the tongue is also affected.
• Ataxic CP, in which a child has less muscle tone than normal and more difficulty in coordinating movement. This can lead to problems walking or doing certain tasks such as dressing himself or herself.
What are the symptoms of CP?
CP affects each child differently. Symptoms can range from mild to severe. Your child may have CP involving one or more of the following symptoms:
• Weak muscles in the face, tongue (which can cause slurred speech), arms, legs, hands, or feet
• Trouble swallowing, which causes drooling
• Poor posture
• Unbalanced walk
• Wide gait (legs spread far apart when walking)
CP and other health problems
Children with CP are more likely to have certain other health problems. These can include:
• Vision, hearing, or speech problems
• Convulsions or seizures
• Learning or reasoning problems including intellectual disability
• Behavior problems
• Trouble with feeding
• Bladder or bowel control problems
• Abnormal bone development
Your child’s healthcare provider will give you more information about any other health problems your child has.
How is CP diagnosed?
Your child will likely see a pediatric neurologist for diagnosis and treatment. This is a healthcare provider who specializes in treating nervous system problems. No single test can diagnose CP. It takes time to figure out this diagnosis.
• If CP is suspected, the healthcare provider does a physical exam. He or she also asks about your child’s symptoms and health history. This is to check for the timing of possible brain damage or injury to your child.
• The healthcare provider may order blood tests or imaging tests for your child. These can sometimes help the provider learn more about your child’s condition.
• Most important is the screening of developmental milestones. Failing to meet motor milestones is a sign of cerebral palsy.
• CP usually cannot be diagnosed until your child is about 2 years old. It takes time for the healthcare provider to track your child's physical and mental development. Babies with CP are slower to develop certain skills. For example, a child may take a longer amount of time learning how to roll over, sit up, crawl, or walk. Based on your child's progress by age 2, your child's healthcare provider can then confirm the diagnosis. Usually by age 3 or 4, there is enough information to predict how your child will function in the years to come.
How is CP treated?
CP is permanent and cannot be cured. The goals of treating CP are to reduce pain, make it easier to move, and prevent complications from the movement problems.
• Treatment of CP varies depending on your child's needs. Your child will likely work with a team of teachers, healthcare providers, nurses, and therapists to learn how to manage his or her condition.
• Most children are helped by supportive services. These can include special learning facilities, or physical, occupational, or speech therapy.
• Medicines may be prescribed to help manage symptoms, such as muscle spasms. These may include newer treatment choices. One is the medicine baclofen, which can help manage the spasticity that comes with cerebral palsy. Another is botulinum toxin type A, which is a muscle-relaxing medicine that can help relieve the toe-walking that is related to muscle tightening.
• Other medicines can be used to decrease uncontrollable movements.
• Your child may need aids such as a walker or leg braces to help maintain balance and help with walking. Some children may not walk at all and need a wheelchair.
• Many children with cerebral palsy will need tendon release surgery later in life in order to improve severe spasticity and reduce pain.
What are the long-term concerns?
CP is an ongoing problem that needs to be managed. With regular medical care and supportive services, your child can learn how to be as active and independent as possible.
Although life expectancy depends on many factors, most people with CP can enjoy a healthy lifespan. It is important that life-threatening conditions connected to CP are managed, and health care and lifestyle supports are in place.
Coping with your child’s condition
A positive outlook helps while supporting your child. Encourage your child to be active and to try new things. Consider counseling. This can help you and your child deal with any worries or concerns. And seek help from friends, community resources, and support groups. The more you learn about your child’s condition, the more in control you may feel. For more information about CP, start by contacting United Cerebral Palsy at
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Prinzmetal's Angina
Prinzmetal's angina, otherwise known as variant angina, is a rare form of angina that typically occurs in younger people. It is caused by a spasm in a coronary artery, which narrows the artery and causes reduced blood flow to the heart. Common symptoms include severe chest pain, nausea, and fatigue. Treatment for the condition generally involves medications, such as nitroglycerin.
What Is Prinzmetal's Angina?
Angina pectoris, or angina for short, is chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle is not getting enough oxygen-rich blood for a short period of time.
There are three types of angina:
The most common types of angina are stable angina and unstable angina. Prinzmetal's angina is rare. It accounts for only about 2 out of every 100 cases of angina. People with Prinzmetal's angina are often younger than those with other forms of the condition.
Understanding the Heart and Coronary Arteries
In order to understand angina, it is helpful to understand the heart and the coronary arteries. Like any muscle, the heart needs a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients, which are carried to it by the blood in the coronary arteries. Similar to other muscles, the harder the heart is working, the more oxygen and nutrients it needs.
The coronary arteries can become narrowed or clogged, however, which can decrease the amount of blood that goes to the heart muscle. When the coronary arteries cannot supply enough oxygen-rich blood to the heart, angina symptoms can occur.
Angina Information
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Dr. Koyfman's Books
on Cleansing
It is an undercooling of the whole system or it's parts (throat, feet, lower back, head). As a result more serious illnesses can develop, such as: bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, rheumatism, flue, kidney and joint disorders. Undercooling can happen if you are not properly dressed in the cold, windy weather; from too cold AC in the house, office or car; drinking icy cold beverages or eating ice cream; getting wet under the rain or getting the feet wet in cold weather; and many more...
Consumption of large amounts of: milk, cheese, fats, meets, sweets, baked goods and simple carbohydrates--produces a large amount of mucus in the system. That mucus attracts different types of bacteria and viruses. When your system is strong and healthy, it suppresses the growth and development of that bacteria. However, when the body is undercooled, it's immune system weakens and cannot anymore suppress growth of "enemies", so they become strong, reproduce and attack.
With that, the system tries to get rid of the mucus build up through sinuses, throat, bronchi and lungs with cough, runny nose and pain. Accumulated mucus and bacteria, and viruses in the organs, make you sick and weak. If your system still has some reserves, it can raise the body temperature to not only get rid of mucus, but to also burn the bacteria. Depending on the amount of accumulated mucus in the system and the strength of system's reserves, this fight with the illness can go on from few days to few weeks.
If an individual does not treat the illness or goes to the doctor, then very dangerous side effects can occur. So as a result of an untreated cold, one can get illnesses, which they may suffer from for years or forever. These illnesses could be: sinusitis, pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, joint pains, headaches, kidney problems, asthma, and more.
Even if with the help of medication, the illness can be suppressed, it is only temporarily. New undercooling, stress, under sleeping, over tiredness-- will return the problem again and the suffering may be back.
Things you can do to prevent or fight the cold?
1. During first signs of cold (sneezing, runny nose, cough, body aching, weakness) completely cleanse the whole digestive system to get rid of the source of mucus and begin drinking herbs and fresh juices, which help to dissolve and remove mucus from other organs (bronchi, lungs, sinuses and tissue).
2. Cleanse the Sinuses
3. Daily do warming procedures to warm-up and dissolve mucus to easier remove it from the system.
4. Continue cleansing the large intestine until the illness is gone. Cleansing of the large intestine will continue to remove draining into the digestive system mucus.
5. If you have a good vomiting reflex-stomach cleansing is a big help. Stomach cleansing quickly helps with runny nose, soar throat and cough. See book "Eight Steps to Perfect Health" for instructions.
6. Completely exclude all mucus forming foods for that period of time.
7. To prevent future colds and their after effects it is important to keep the system clean, always eat healthy, learn special breathing exercises, which help strengthen respiratory system (can be learned during individual consultation).
More detailed recommendations will be given during the individual consultation.
This simple program helped many of our clients to strengthen their immune system and win over their health problem completely.
Read example of people who took responsibility for their health in their own hands and became successful. Possibly you too will find courage in your self to go through cleansing procedures, switch to a healthy life style and get the positive results in improving your health.
See our clients' Testimonials here. These testimonials are from people who had problems similar to yours. Let their examples give you hope and help to be successful in your healing process.
Our Hours:
Monday-Friday: 9 am to 7:30 pm
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Every other Sunday 8 am - 1 pm
Koyfman Whole Body Cleansing
3107 Medlock Bridge Rd
Norcross, Georgia 30071
Phone: 770-798-8667
Email: koyfmancenter@bellsouth.net
Web: www.koyfmancenter.com
All services, procedures and information provided in the center is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice from a physician or other health care provider. All services, procedures and information provided herein does not constitute diagnosis, prognosis, advice or recommendations for any given medical situation. No services, procedures or information provided by the Center should be construed as the 'practice of "medicine" ' as that word or phrase is defined by any local, state, or federal law, rule, regulation or ordinance. All services, procedures and information you receive in the center is for educational purposes only. Application of the information and exercises discussed herein, if undertaken by any individual in whole or in part, is done so voluntarily as a free-will choice on the part of the individual. As such, the individual bears all responsibility and risk. All recommendations and exercises herein contained are made without guarantee.
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Friday, February 04, 2011
Chimps and Humans
What is it that makes us human? If you ask people that question, often their answer describes ways they believe we are different than animals. We have language, we use tools, we have culture, we transmit knowledge from one person to another, we are self aware, we have souls. Until fairly recently scientists would have given similar responses to that question as would theologians.
Every now and again one runs across something that makes one wonder about the differences between humans and other animals. Consider this report in Science Daily about the actions of a group of chimpanzees toward a dying member of their group.
In the days leading up to the chimp's death, the group was very quiet and paid close attention to her, the researchers report. Immediately before she died, she received much grooming and caressing from the others, who appeared to test her for signs of life as she died. They left her soon after, but her adult daughter returned and remained by her mother all night. When keepers removed the mother's body the next day, the chimpanzees remained calm and subdued. For several days they avoided sleeping on the platform where the female had died, even though it was normally a favored sleeping spot, and remained subdued for some time after the death.
This week Science Daily published another story describing observations about the actions of mother chimpanzees after the deaths of their infants. While many animals recognize that a dead animal is different than an alive animal, the reactions described in these two articles describes something more. They describe the recognition of the death of a particular individual and what appears to be a sense of loss or mourning.
James Anderson, one of the researchers whose work is described in the article has this to say about his observations.
"Several phenomena have at one time or another been considered as setting humans apart from other species: reasoning ability, language ability, tool use, cultural variation, and self-awareness, for example, but science has provided strong evidence that the boundaries between us and other species are nowhere near to being as clearly defined as many people used to think,"..."The awareness of death is another such psychological phenomenon. The findings we've described, along with other observations of how chimpanzees respond to dead and dying companions, indicate that their awareness of death is probably more highly developed than is often suggested. It may be related to their sense of self-awareness, shown through phenomena such as self-recognition and empathy towards others."
The previously sharp distinctions between other animals and humans are blurring as we learn more about other animals.
The knowledge we have gained about the complexity of animals' lives is fascinating and gives us much to think about as we ponder who we are as human beings and what our relationship with other animals ought to be.
What makes us human?
What I want to suggest today, is that what makes us human is not our biological uniqueness. What makes humans distinct from other animals is our particular vocation, our calling to care for other animals and God's creation. As Christians we are called to love God and to love our neighbor. Who is our neighbor? The answer to that question may cross species lines.
There is, of course, much more to be said about all this- too much for one blog posting. But lets talk about it via the comments.
This is an area that is of interest to me. I have written several posts about these ideas on my blog, if you would like to read more.
And an apology: For some reason, the block quote tool and I have "issues" and the formatting after the block quotes doesn't return to normal. I was able to make a distinction in font and font size that I hope makes it clear where the block quotes begin and end and my comments begin.
Whitey Lawful said...
In correlation with this bio-sphere 'consciousness' and its attempted trangression of natural law by the saught impeding of the autonomy of man. Is a program to further undermind man and his actual consciousness by genetic determinism and biological mechanization.
Doug Hagler said...
It is not true that only humans have language - here is an episode of Radio Lab on that topic, talking about the many ways that species not only communicate with each other, but also with other species, including human beings:
In short, I like your answer a lot. The difference is not something ontological (humans are magically special and animals are not) it is covenantal - humans have a special calling and responsibility that animals do not.
There is just no real evidence anymore for the ontological view. Whatever you say makes humans special - dreams, cognitition, language, memory, grief, art - it is possible to find examples in the animal world that throw a wrench in the works of humane exceptionalism.
So we are made in the image of God, not because we are constructed any differently from animals, but because, like God, we are powerful creators. Like God, we consciously 'make' the world, and our call is to make it better.
Nancy said...
Doug, Thanks for your comments.You are right about other animals an language. I was not clear in my first couple of paragraphs, all those things I listed at "unique" about humans are not unique to humans at all.
What makes us human has to do with covenant and call not biology.
For those who are interested, I have spent much more time on this topic at my "regular" blog.
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Total Number of words made out of Anemic =59
Anemic is a 6 letter medium Word starting with A and ending with C. Below are Total 59 words made out of this word.
Also see:- Words starting with Anemic
Anagrams of anemic
1). cinema 3). iceman
5 letter Words made out of anemic
1). minae 2). mince 3). amnic 4). amine 5). anime 6). amice 7). manic
4 letter Words made out of anemic
1). main 2). cane 3). mace 4). mane 5). mice 6). mean 7). mica 8). cine 9). emic 10). came 11). mien 12). cain 13). nema 14). acne 15). acme 16). mine 17). amen 18). amie 19). amin 20). mina 21). nice 22). name
3 letter Words made out of anemic
1). nam 2). men 3). nae 4). man 5). can 6). mae 7). ace 8). aim 9). ain 10). nim 11). ane 12). ani 13). cam 14). mac 15). ice
2 letter Words made out of anemic
em ae ne ai ma me am in an mi en na
Note There are 3 vowel letters and 3 consonant letters in the word anemic. A is 1st, N is 14th, E is 5th, M is 13th, I is 9th, C is 3rd, Letter of Alphabet series.
a, an, ane,
c, ic, mic,
a na ea ma ia c
c ic mc ec nc a
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Total Number of words made out of Plutei =44
Plutei is a 6 letter medium Word starting with P and ending with I. Below are Total 44 words made out of this word.
5 letter Words made out of plutei
1). utile 2). uplit 3). tulip 4). letup
4 letter Words made out of plutei
1). lite 2). litu 3). lute 4). pile 5). pelt 6). puli 7). lept 8). tile 9). lieu 10). etui 11). plie 12). tule
3 letter Words made out of plutei
1). lie 2). tup 3). tui 4). tel 5). put 6). tip 7). til 8). tie 9). piu 10). lei 11). let 12). leu 13). lip 14). lit 15). pet 16). pie 17). pul 18). pit
2 letter Words made out of plutei
ti ut it up pe li el pi et
Plutei Meaning :- of Pluteus
Note There are 3 vowel letters and 3 consonant letters in the word plutei. P is 16th, L is 12th, U is 21th, T is 20th, E is 5th, I is 9th, Letter of Alphabet series.
p, pl, plu,
i, ei, tei,
p lp up tp ep i
i ei ti ui li p
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The parts of speech
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• Páginas : 8 (1925 palabras )
• Descarga(s) : 0
• Publicado : 10 de septiembre de 2012
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Each part of speech explains not what the word is, but how the word is used. In fact, the same word can be a noun in one sentence and a verb or adjective in the next.
The verb is themost important part of the sentence. A compound verb asserts something about the subject of the sentence and express actions, events, or states of being. A compound verb is the critical element of the predicate of a sentence.
Manycommon nouns, like "engineer" or "teacher," can refer to men or women. Once, many English nouns would change form depending on their gender -- for example, a man was called an "author" while a woman was called an "authoress" -- but this use of gender-specific nouns is very rare today.
Most nouns change their form to indicate number by adding "-s" or "-es".
Inthe possessive case, a noun or pronoun changes its form to show that it owns or is closely related to something else. Usually, nouns become possessive by adding a combination of an apostrophe and the letter "s."
You can form the possessive case of a singular noun that does not end in "s" by adding an apostrophe and "s".
You can form the possessive case of a singular noun that ends in "s" byadding an apostrophe alone or by adding an apostrophe and "s".
You can form the possessive case of a plural noun that does not end in "s" by adding an apostrophe and a "s".
You can form the possessive case of a plural noun that does end in "s" by adding an apostrophe:
When you read the following sentences, you will notice that a noun in the possessive case frequentlyfunctions as an adjective modifying another noun:
There are many different types of nouns. As you know, you capitalise some nouns, such as "Canada" or "Louise," and do not capitalise others, such as "badger" or "tree" (unless they appear at the beginning of a sentence). In fact, grammarians have developed a whole series of noun types, including the proper noun, the common noun, theconcrete noun, the abstract noun, the countable noun (also called the count noun), the non-countable noun (also called the mass noun), and the collective noun. You should note that a noun will belong to more than one type: it will be proper or common, abstract or concrete, and countable or non-countable or collective.
You always write a proper noun with a capital letter, since thenoun represents the name of a specific person, place, or thing. The names of days of the week, months, historical documents, institutions, organisations, religions, their holy texts and their adherents are proper nouns. A proper noun is the opposite of a common noun
A common noun is a noun referring to a person, place, or thing in a general sense -- usually, you should write itwith a capital letter only when it begins a sentence. A common noun is the opposite of a proper noun.
An abstract noun is a noun which names anything which you can not perceive through your five physical senses, and is the opposite of a concrete noun.
A countable noun (or count noun) is a noun with both a singular and a plural form, and it names anything (oranyone) that you can count. You can make a countable noun plural and attach it to a plural verb in a sentence. Countable nouns are the opposite of non-countable nouns and collective nouns.
A non-countable noun (or mass noun) is a noun which does not have a plural form, and which refers to something that you could (or would) not usually count. A non-countable noun always...
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Program of multipication using inline function, C/C++ Programming
Aim: Write a program of multipication using inline function
class Multiply
int x,y;
void getdata();
inline calculate(int a,int b)
void display();
void Multiply::getdata()
cout<<"Enter the two numbers"<
void Multiply::display()
cout<<"Multiplication of "<Output:
Enter the two numbers
6 5
Multiplication of 6 and 5=30
Posted Date: 9/29/2012 4:23:37 AM | Location : United States
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Prepositions: In vs On
My question is about the difference between in and on. Why is it that you are IN a car and ON almost any other method of transport?
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CYGNET, Ohio, Aug. 17— Feliciana Flores grimaced as the needle slipped into a vein and her blood filled a vacuum tube. But 3-year-old Sergio Flores was unafraid. ''No voy a llorar,'' he said. ''I won't cry.''
''No. No,'' said Mrs. Flores, a 25-year-old migrant farm worker. ''You are too small.''
Every day for the last five weeks scenes like this have been repeated throughout eight counties in northwestern Ohio, where physicians are conducting the nation's first comprehensive medical and occupational study of migrant farm workers.
A main concern of the study, paid for with a $500,000 appropriation from Congress, is assessing the danger that farm workers face from pesticides. In one of two mobile units that temporarily turn dusty labor camps into medical clinics, doctors draw blood and perform physical examinations. In the other, farm workers and their children complete a series of visual, audio, and coordination tests to determine whether they have sustained neurological damage that might be linked to chronic exposure to farm chemicals. #400 Workers in the Study Researchers also intend to gain answers to many other questions about migrant laborers, like the reproductive health of migrant women, the drinking habits of men and the work hours of adults as well as children. In the next year, about 400 workers will be followed during a complete cycle of the nomadic migrant life, from the summer vegetable fields of Ohio to fall fruit picking in Michigan, through the winter and spring vegetable and citrus harvests near Tampa, Fla.
The leader of the study is Dr. Marion Moses, a 54-year-old specialist in environmental and occupational medicine who is an assistant clinical professor at the University of California Medical School at San Francisco. She is, perhaps, the nation's leading authority on the health of migrant farm workers. Once the director of health for the United Farm Workers union in California, Dr. Moses has been an advocate for improving conditions for the nation's 2.5 million farm laborers.
''We have a toxic agriculture today, and the pressure for changing it is coming from consumers,'' she said in an interview at a migrant camp 35 miles south of Toledo. ''It's the wrong approach. What's happened is that we regulate one chemical at a time. I guarantee that if you protect these workers in their workplace, you'll do much more to protect the consumer in the marketplace.''
Rigorous Scientific Standards
Virtually every aspect of migrant existence is being documented by young volunteers from medical schools and universities from as far away as Spain. The questions include: What kind of fuel do migrants use to heat their homes in Florida? How many beers have they ever consumed at one time? How many hours do they and their children work every day? Have they ever been sprayed with pesticides? Was there fresh drinking water, toilets, soap and water in the field?
Thousands of details about migrant farm work have never been chronicled under such rigorous scientific standards. It could provide a wealth of data about human exposure to toxic agents that may become the technical basis for changes in national labor and pesticide laws.
''This is a hypothesis generating study,'' Dr. Moses said. ''The results of this study should point to more sophisticated analytical studies. We want this to lead to different ways of evaluating the problems of toxic chemicals in agriculture.''
Initial conclusions from the study are expected late next year, but in establishing the first group of farm workers for epidemiological research, Dr. Moses is making it possible for reserchers to study the group for years.
Even after decades of political struggle by farm worker unions in California, Florida, Michigan and Ohio, field laborers are excluded wholly or in part from the basic legal protections afforded other workers. Farm workers are specifically excluded from the Federal minimum wage law, and field work is largely exempted from minimum standards for safety and health, a guarantee for other workers under the Occupational Safety and Health Act.
Groups representing farmers, led by the American Farm Bureau Federation, the nation's largest agricultural organization, have repeatedly argued that a farm is a special workplace that cannot be regulated like a factory, office or store. Requiring farmers to meet the standards of Federal law, like eliminating the most toxic chemicals from the field, would be expensive and lead to bankruptcies, farmers' groups contend.
Pesticide Rule Is Violated
The Environmental Protection Agency, which oversees the use of pesticides, has few rules designed to protect farm workers, officials say.Perhaps the most important is one requiring farmers to keep workers from fields that have been sprayed with pesticides until the chemicals are no longer acutely toxic, a period that can range from several hours to several days.
But the rule is routinely violated, according to the number of poisoning incidents documented by some states and farm worker groups. Last November in Balm, Fla., for instance, 85 workers were injured, some seriously, after a grower allowed them to begin work in a vegetable field that had just been sprayed with phosdrin, a highly toxic insecticide that has the same chemical properties as nerve gas.
''For once,'' Dr. Moses said, ''we have the chance to go out and paint the picture, take a very thorough look at a group of farm workers, and perhaps change the way we view pesticide exposure and farm worker health.''
''A pesticide residue in food is not a trivial matter,'' she added. ''But the real issue in pesticide exposure is the millions of workers, including children, being exposed to them every day in the field.''
Year-Round Workers Sought
Probably the most important reason that this is the first medical study of its kind is that farm workers are mobile, hard to locate and harder to keep track of. In addition, Dr. Moses wanted farm laborers who worked the year round because they were exposed to a greater number of pesticides.
This accounts for the reason that the study began in the eight Ohio counties. Many of the laborers who pick cucumbers and tomatoes there from July into September spend the winter and spring in Florida picking citrus fruit and vegetables.
Dr. Moses knew she could find year-round workers who would take part in the study in the 3,600-member Farm Labor Organizing Committee, a 23-year-old union based in Toledo. Baldemar C. Velasquez, the 43-year-old president of the union, knew the labor camps that would have the 400 members of his union who would be working in Florida in the winter. Those who take part in the study are paid $15.
Mr. Velasquez has also established relations with farmers, who gave permission for the medical units to come onto their land.
''For us to really know what the health conditions of our people are, we need this kind of study,'' said Mr. Velasquez. ''It's going to be helpful in getting new health programs.''
Sitting on the trunk of a red Pontiac was Jaime Pecina, a 19-year-old worker who, along with five family members, had just finished being evaluated. The testing had taken hours, and friends were teasing Mr. Pecina.
''It's free,'' he said in reply. ''They're paying you. And if I'm sick I'll find out what's wrong.''
Photo: Physicians are conducting the nation's first comprehensive study of migrant farm workers, partly to assess the dangers workers face from pesticides. Dr. Marion Moses, right, examined Feliciana Flores at the Wood County Camp in Cygnet, Ohio. With her were her children, Nancy and Sergio; Farm workers are being given visual, audio and coordination tests to determine whether they have sustained neurological damage from chemicals. Jim Burke, a research assistant, tested Carmen Rincon's vision. (Photographs by Peter Yates for The New York Times)
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Wave heights
This page outlines information relating to waves and swell and how to determine the performance capabilities and limitations of a vessel based on a vessels length.
Coastal wave heights
Modern well-designed small craft are highly seaworthy. However wind and waves have a major bearing on performance and, in extreme conditions, can present a considerable threat. This web page aims to assist the small craft operator to assess the effect of waves at sea and is a summary of the Australian Maritime Safety Authority pamphlet Wind and Waves (PDF).
Information on the latest coastal wave heights at six locations along the NSW coast provided by the Department of Public Works and Services Manly Hydraulics Laboratory.
Please read the following and select the maximum wave height you are comfortable with for your boat.
Sea waves
Waves created by direct local action of wind on sea are termed sea waves and are measured by length and height. When wind reaches 2.5 km/h, gravity takes over from surface tension as the dominant force on wave form. The crests become more pointed, the troughs rounded. The wind reinforces the wave shape by pressing down on the windward side and eddying over the crest to reduce pressure on the leeward side. As wind increases further to around 13 km/h, the crests of the waves steepen until they become unstable and break, producing whitecaps.
Swell is generally regular wave motion caused by large meteorological disturbances operating at a distance. Swell persists after the disturbance has disappeared and maintains a constant direction as long as it keeps in deep water. Swell can travel for considerable distances. Since swell may have been instigated by a storm, the arrival of onshore swell can indicate that a storm is approaching.
Sea waves and swell
Sea waves caused by the local wind, are often superimposed on swell moving in from a distance. Interaction between the two can cause unpredictably high waves and dangers for mariners.
The following terminology is generally used to describe the length and height of swell:
Length Description
Short 0-100 metres
Average 100-200 metres
Long over 200 metres
Height Description
Low 0-2 metres
Moderate 2-4 metres
Heavy over 4 metres
Wave size/boat size
It is vital to know the performance capabilities and limitations of a boat before buying. Take great care to select a boat which will be able to handle the types of conditions you expect to come across.
Boat length Wave height Boating conditions
3.5 metres 1.0 metres heavy going, limit of safety for this sized vessel
3.5 metres 0.8 metres speed reduced, water comes aboard, care required
3.5 metres 0.5 metres speed reduced, some pounding at speed
3.5 metres 0.2 metres gentle patter of water on hull, no spray, comfortable
4.3 metres 1.5 metres for the experienced only, lots of heavy water thrown aboard
4.3 metres 1.2 metres throttle backed right off, lots of spray, getting scary
4.3 metres 1.0 metres speed reduced further, green seas taken on the decks
4.3 metres 0.8 metres speed reduced, some pounding, spray taken aboard
4.3 metres 0.5 metres maximum cruising throttle, slight bumps, spray thrown clear
4.3 metres 0.2 metres no spray, comfortable ride, gentle patter of water on hull
5 metres 1.8 metres limit of safe operation family comfort in this sized vessel
5 metres 1.5 metres steering through seas individually and using throttle at times
5 metres 1.2 metres dead slow, waves break on deck, lots of spray
5 metres 1.0 metres half speed, spray and green seas come aboard
5 metres 0.8 metres slight speed reduction desirable, moderate pounding, some spray
5 metres 0.5 metres set cruising throttle, slight bumps, spray thrown clear
5 metres 0.2 metres no spray, armchair ride
6 metres 2.0 metres dead slow, occasional big seas break aboard, for the experienced skipper only
6 metres 1.8 metres dead slow, steering individually for the seas
6 metres 1.5 metres windscreen sprayed, green seas on foredeck
6 metres 1.2 metres half speed, lots of spray, water on foredeck
6 metres 1.0 metres slight speed reduction, spray coming aboard aft end of boat
6 metres 0.8 metres reduced speed, pounding increases
6 metres 0.5 metres maximum cruising throttle, some light pounding
6 metres 0.2 metres great ride, like an automobile on bitumen
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Food Tips
Planting and harvesting blueberries for tea making
Planting and harvesting blueberries for tea making
Planting and harvesting blueberries for tea making Author: Style At Home
Food Tips
Planting and harvesting blueberries for tea making
Native to North America, the blueberry is now a popular garden plant across the world. You can get evergreen blueberries, but Vaccinium corymbosum is a deciduous shrub. It will lose its leaves in the winter, after they turn a stunning red color in the fall. They have lovely white, sometimes pinkish flowers, which develop into fruit in midsummer or early autumn. Blueberry plants will bear fruit for many years and each year will hopefully reward you with a bigger crop than the last.
Nutritional benefits
It is well known how good blueberries are for us. They are high in antioxidants, vitamin C, vitamin A, and vitamin E. They can help boost your immune system, sustain your eyesight, help lower cholesterol, and improve digestion. They may help with memory loss and can improve brain function and learning capacity.
Growing blueberries
1 Choosing the right variety
There are many cultivated blueberry varieties to choose from, and a very popular one is Vaccinium corymbosum, or high-bush blueberry. Try to buy two- or three-year old plants so that you will have some fruit in your first year. Choose the hardiest variety for your location so you do not have to worry about winter protection. There is another cultivated variety called rabbit-eye blueberries (Vaccinium ashei) that bear smaller fruits, similar to wild blueberries, but are easier to grow than other high bush varieties.
2 Grow more than two varieties
If you have space, grow two or more varieties. Blueberry flowers have both male and female organs but they cannot be fertilized by their own pollen. Having other varieties close by will help the bees and ensure you get a bigger crop of fruit.
3 Acidic soil
Blueberries like an acidic soil, and the pH needs to be below 5.5 for most blueberries to thrive. You can buy simple pH test kits cheaply from garden centers to test your plot. If your soil is not acidic, it is easiest to grow blueberries in a container. Use ericaceous soil or acidic compost, which is for acid-loving plants. Try and find a low-peat version or one that uses pine bark instead of peat if possible, as peat extraction is very bad environmentally.
4 Drainage holes
Make sure your pot has drainage holes and crocks (broken bits of pot) in the bottom to help improve drainage. Blueberries like well-drained but moist soil, and a sunny or partly shaded, sheltered position. They love to be given rainwater to drink, as it is more acidic than tap water.
5 Feeding the plant
To feed the plant, put a layer of homemade organic compost from your composter or wormery around the plant covering with a layer of bark chipping mulch to help retain moisture.
6 Cover blueberries
When the fruits have formed and are starting to turn color, you should cover your blueberry with a net to stop the birds from eating your harvest. Position four canes in the ground around the plant and attach a fine net to these using clothes pegs or string.
7 Maintain by pruning
Prune your blueberry plants in the winter to neaten them up and to promote new growth the following year. Cut any dead stems to the base and the brown ends of the stems to the closest growing buds. Cut any stems that have fruited that year down to ground level. If container grown, they will need repotting into a larger pot in the spring. Use ericaceous/acidic potting soil as before. You can take cuttings in the spring to make more plants. Make sure you use ericaceous or acidic compost for the cuttings.
Harvesting blueberries
1 Pick your blueberries when they are ripe but still firm.
2 Use them fresh or dry the berries using a dehydrator or an oven. As blueberries have a protective skin and are very juicy, they need to be either blanched or pricked before they are dried.
To blanch the fruit, place the blueberries in a metal sieve and dip them into a saucepan of boiling water for a few seconds (you don't want the skins to burst), then immediately plunge them into cold water. This should soften the skins to help speed up the drying process, which will take about twenty-two hours in a dehydrator.
Tip: I find the most efficient way was to prick each berry about ten times with a pin. This significantly reduces the drying time needed (about seventeen hours) but obviously takes longer to prepare than blanching.
Homegrown-tea-bookcover.jpg BUY THIS BOOK
Excerpted from Homegrown Tea: An Illustrated Guide to Planting, Harvesting and Blending Teas and Tisanes by Cassie Liversidge. Recipes Copyright © 2014 Cassie Liversidge. Photography copyright © Cassie Liversidge. Excerpted by permission of Cassie Liversidge and St. Martins Griffin. All Rights Reserved.
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Food Tips
Planting and harvesting blueberries for tea making
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"The Martian Chronicles" by Ray Bradbury - Analysis
Essay by ebonicana1High School, 11th gradeA+, January 2007
download word file, 3 pages 3.0
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In yet another eerie prediction of the future, Ray Bradbury captures the strange sense of premonition in his collection of short stories entitled "The Martian Chronicles". There are no central characters of which this piece of literature is based on; rather, it follows the similar tales of different people. The Martian Chronicles opens with a Martian who has dreams of a rocket coming down from the sky containing humans. This marks the first interaction between man and Martian. All over Mars, people begin to hum Earth tunes and have strange dreams. Several other rockets from Earth voyage to Mars until finally, the men are able to survive and settle. The first settlers are rough, but they build churches in little shantytowns just like American towns, because American Bradbury based most of his work on what he knew, which is American culture. News comes from Earth that atomic war is imminent.
All over Mars, people watch, and a radio signal comes to Mars with the words "Come Home." Everyone evacuates. Earth is consumed by atomic war, and a man escapes with his family back to Mars, where he hopes to start fresh and rid himself of the horrors of Earth forever. "I'm burning a way of life," the man notes, "just like that way of life is being burned clean of Earth . . ." (180).
Bradbury utilizes an omniscient point of view to emphasize the differentiation between men and their flaws. By not feeling biased under third or first person narration, the reader can recognize human error. The tone that the author uses is an ominous sense of premonition. Bradbury, like other works, realizes societal problems in America and makes predictions on how such behavior would affect Americans in the future. Generally, Bradbury felt that Earthlings, particularly Americans,
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About Compressors
Compressors in Ras Al Khaimah are used to either supply air or other gases at an increased pressure. Compressors serve a number of purposes which require air pressure. An air compressor is mechanical device which alters power into dynamic energy by compressing and pressurizing air. Hence with the use of compressors, energy can be formed. For a gas compressor, the mechanical device can increase the pressure of a gas simply by reducing its volume.As an air compressor is known to push air with pressure through a pipe, it can serve multiple purposes that require air to be filled within such as tyres, and other inflatable objects etc.
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The mother of modernity
Part of the problem for those who would define Englishness in terms of highly visible emblems is that so much of our general culture has become part of the general culture of the world, for example industrialisation, representative government and organised sports.
David Landes in his “The wealth and poverty of nations” is emphatic about England’s unique status. At a time when casual and gratuitous public insult of the English is commonplace, the book is a salutary reminder of how disproportionate an influence this country has had on the world. Two of the chapter headings will give a flavour of this: “Britain and the others” and “Pursuit of Albion”. In the latter Mr Landes is emphatic on England’s importance: “The Industrial Revolution in England changed the world and the relations of nations and states to one another…The world was now divided between one front-runner and a highly diverse array of pursuers. It took the quickest of the European “follower countries” something more than a century to catch up”. 1 In other words, without England industrialisation would have been at best greatly delayed and at worst have never occurred. (To that immense influence, may be added the Empire, the founding of the United States by involuntary proxy, the development of parliamentary government, the international success of the English language and the individual likes of Newton, Locke and Darwin.)
Before English readers get too bigheaded, it should be added that Dr Landes is distinctly critical of Britain’s failure to maintain the momentum of their initial industrialisation and cites as dreadful warnings to others such failures as Britain’s inability to keep the lead in the chemical industry in the nineteenth century and the dismal story of our car industry since 1945.
There is a curious tendency amongst academics these days to denigrate England’s status before 1500, to represent her as backward, weak, insignificant country on the cultural as well as geographic periphery of Europe, altogether a second or even third rate power. The problem with this view is that it puts its holder in a quandary not unlike that which afflicts those who argue for a general European inferiority vis-a-vis Ottoman, Chinese and Indian cultures in the late Middle Ages. The question is this, if England was so negligible in 1500, how was she able to meaningfully compete with supposedly vastly greater and more sophisticated powers, and compete so successfully that by 1760 she had replaced the Dutch as the leading commercial power, bested France and Spain in the colonial game and was on the doorstep of the first Industrial Revolution?
The only reasonable answer is that England was far from being a backward, third rate power in 1500. (One should not forget that she had spent much of the previous century and a half running riot in France during the Hundred Years war). Being divided from the continent by a channel only 22 miles at its narrowest point had ensured that England was never culturally isolated. Most importantly, it was a rich country. Visitors to England time and again over the centuries leading to the Industrial Revolution remark on the county’s general prosperity and note particularly the superior material condition of the English poor compared to the continental poor.
To understand exactly how advanced England has been in comparison with all other states we need only consider the condition of the country which is generally considered to be her main competitor for the title of archetypal nation state, France. When the Bastille fell in 1789 no French national parliament had met for one hundred and seventy five years. Executive power derived both in fact as well as theory solely from the King. Political power such of it as was devolved from the crown remained overwhelmingly the prerogative of the higher aristocracy, while the notion of equality before the law was treated as a quaint absurdity with the French nobility both protected from the legal actions of commoners and granted privileges over them such as the lettres de cachet which allowed the imprisonment of Voltaire for insulting a nobleman. As for that perennial first bugbear of all pre-modern states, finance, France was renowned throughout the eighteenth century for her gigantic inability to balance her books. On the micro economic level, feudal dues and impositions were not merely maintained through the inertia of custom, but were actually enforced more severely in the eighteenth century as landowners sought to compete with the growing wealth of the bourgeoise. But revolutionary
France was no Britain dancing attendance upon an industrial revolution. She was and remained until the twentieth century, primarily a rural land. Not until the 1930s did fewer than fifty percent of Frenchmen and women derive their living directly from the land.
Consider what the world today would be if England had not existed. There would have be no USA. Approximately an quarter of the states represented at the UN would not exist. The English language would not dominate international communication, especially in the fields of science and technology and be the language of the Internet. Those things are certain. Others are probable, such as a failure to develop parliamentary government or an industrial revolution.
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100 years ago, the “July Crisis” occurred in Europe which resulted in all major world powers at that time engaged in a protracted and bloody conflict we now call the First World War. At this moment 100 years ago, the crisis grew from the deadly actions of a terrorist organisation against a representative of a major power, who had strong alliances with other powerful nations and powerful suspicions towards others. 100 years ago, despite the previous 40 years characterised by negotiated peace even during moments of crisis, something gave way in the character of powerful individuals and the nations they represented that led to four years of mud, blood, tragedy. However, at this moment 100 years ago, this was neither inevitable nor was it what the leaders of most nations wanted at the time.
When my students watch present events, filtered as they are through the work of journalists and others, they see groups of people causing or supporting conflict. They see others using various methods to quell that conflict and tension. They see others – often women, children and families – stuck in a violent purgatory as chance and choices made by others determine their destiny.
Why, some students ask, do we let ourselves get into this situation?
Why, some ask, do these conflicts begin?
How, some query, is it possible to stop such violence?
The short answer is that on the one hand, it requires those people in the situation to end the immediate violence. On the other, history has proven time and again that external consensus between large bodies is required to sustain a lasting peace. On another hand still, history also shows us how easily it is for such violence to be reborn with different faces, motivations and goals.
Frustratingly, there are myriad complexities in situations such as those we witness in Gaza, in Syria and now Iraq, in Urkaine, and other places forgotten by outrage-weary communities like Australia. It is not as simple as putting sanctions on Russia or criticising Israel. It is not as simple as supporting the Palestinians or the Ukrainian government.
There are so many pieces to the puzzle which have to be addressed that when answering my students’ questions I feel quite unable to do so, except to reassure them that not only has history proven that crises can lead to intolerable war.. it has also proven that humanity has the capacity for amazing feats of compassion and healing.
So as we move past the present, let’s avoid making the mistakes of the past whilst still learning from it. This takes active and thoughtful analysis and comparison, not a simplistic and superficial bolting-on of “then” to “now”. Historians and students of history, as well as the general public, will witness the wave of new research and revision of the past as we enter the 100th anniversary of the Great War. We just need to be wary of our own contexts and how this affects our viewing of and use of history.
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Asteroid mining is the ultimate high-risk, high-reward business. While there are undoubtedly billions—some argue trillions—of dollars’ worth of valuable minerals and metals in near-Earth asteroids, a host of questions remain about the practicality of harvesting them. How much technology is required to identify asteroids and extract the materials? How difficult will it be to return them to Earth or other desired destinations? And how much will the upfront costs be?
A few companies, such as Planetary Resources, have begun to try to answer these questions, and it seems the initial responses aren’t entirely positive. The venture has decided to put its initial focus on Earth observation rather than deep space asteroid mining. But another asteroid company, Deep Space Industries, appears to be pressing ahead. On Tuesday, that company announced its intent to fly the world’s first commercial interplanetary mining mission, Prospector-1.
Under the company’s new timeline, Deep Space Industries plans to launch the Prospector-X mission in 2017 into low-Earth orbit as a technology test bed for further development of low-cost exploration spacecraft. Then, “before the end of this decade,” the company would launch Prospector-1 to rendezvous with a near-Earth asteroid and investigate its value as a source of mineral resources.
“Now we can say with confidence that we have the right technology, the right team, and the right plan to execute this historic mission,” said Rick Tumlinson, chairman of the board and co-founder of Deep Space Industries. “Building on our Prospector-X mission, Prospector-1 will be the next step on our way to harvesting asteroid resources.”
The company says its small, 50kg spacecraft will use a water-based propulsion system that expels superheated water vapor to generate thrust. Such a system was chosen because the first product mining companies will seek to extract from asteroids is water. They will hope to re-sell this water to NASA or other space agencies engaged in deep space exploration, as it can be broken down into liquid hydrogen and oxygen, both of which are powerful rocket propellants. Using a water-based propulsion system will also allow the company’s prospecting spacecraft to refuel while working. Such an ethos is part of the new space vision to “live off the land” as humans and machines extend further into space.
It is far from clear whether Deep Space Industries will succeed with its Prospector missions or find a way to ever turn a profit from space. But it is good to see some speculative miners getting out there and trying. A space resources ‘gold rush’ would certainly lower the cost of access to space and jump-start its colonization.
Ars Technica
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• researchers with binoculars
Behavior—from basic self-maintenance activities like foraging to intricate social interactions—can have profound ecological and evolutionary consequences. Individual actions can affect how whole populations survive, adapt and evolve over time.
We seek to understand how birds' social, reproductive and dispersal behaviors are influenced by extrinsic environmental factors like habitat, food and weather and intrinsic factors like age, sex and social status. We are also interested in learning how changes in behavior impact conservation and management activities—leading to a whole new field: behavioral conservation.
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Abortion: Pregnancy and Men Essays
Submitted By mayuritharma21
Words: 1314
Pages: 6
Abortion has been an ongoing debate in our society. It is seen to be a cruel activity, which is accepted in the eyes of many. Our society believes that both men and women should be treated equally in everything including abortion. They think that childbearing is a burden and how abortion is a way to empower women. Abortion is seen as a way to give women an equal place in the workforce. However, this act has an opposite effect. Instead of abortion freeing women, it has led to exploitation by men who no longer want to provide parental care for their children. Abortion not only disputes negative impacts on women, but it also has an affect on the men. Abortion can be argued to be an extremely negative decision in the eyes of society through three factors. The first being the affects abortion has on both men and women. Another component being that the fetus is still considered a human being at the time of conception. Finally, the reality of abortion becoming an endless cycle with no resolution. The Hans Christian Andersen’s fable “The Emperor’s New Clothes” helps apply to the debates our society has regarding this issue of abortion.
The implications are shown to be negative for both men and women. Some implications for women include how some men only want to use them for sex. These men who do not care for the consequences their actions have for women decide to put pressure on women to have an abortion. For women who are abandoned by these types of men due to refusing the idea of abortion are left to deal with the hard life as a single parent. This connects back to the fable because the weavers in the story can be seen as the men in reality. The emperors and his workers can be seen as the women. The weavers cheat all the workers and the emperors by taking all the silk and the wool and lying to them. They used the emperor to get what they wanted and made him look ignorant. The weavers made the emperors believe that they were weaving such beautiful clothes when it was really nothing. Even though the workers and the emperor didn’t see anything, they didn’t want to seem unfit for their position and decided to play along with what the weavers said. Just as the weavers used the emperor to get what they wanted, this can be shown in reality of how the men react towards the women. They use them and leave them with no other option, but abortion or facing the real world as a single parent. The women in this case can only handle being ignorant and being played for a fool for so much that they now think that committing such an act is okay. Which has also lead to them indulging in uncommitted relationships. However delaying childbearing has led to consequences such as infertile women/couples having to resort to fertility clinics. There are negative effects on men such as the sense of being powerless, especially even when they agree on raising the child, but the women in the end decides to go with the abortion. Sometimes men are seen as only sperm donors and nothing else. Also when a man asks a woman to have an abortion, they are committing an act of violence to kill his child, he feels less restraint at imposing violence on her or others. Domestic violence has increased since the start of abortion. The implications of abortion lead to seeing how the child is morally and biologically a human being.
The child killed at birth is morally and biologically a human being. Abortion is unethical because it constitutes destruction of a human being. We human beings are made in the image of God. All children are human beings even if they were to be in the womb. God wrote in stone the commandment “Thou shalt not kill” (Exodus 20:13, Deuteronomy 5:17). Abortion is seen as of killing the innocent. God especially condemns killing of children. In the eyes of God the child in the womb is seen as truly a human child. Men and women tend not to see that the kids they try to abort are human beings even if they are in the womb. They believe that if it is
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Friday, March 9, 2012
The overweight is found in the children because the children eat pastries and sweets.
The children have excessive food but lack of exercise and this drives to a worrying vicious circle.
The overweight is a common condition, specially where the foods are abundant.
The main causes are:
-The energy factor and alteration of metabolism
-Excessive eating
-Alimentary conduct disorder
-Too slow metabolism
Can you tell me what the percentages in the adults and the children are?
1. This is an interesting topic. It is true that more and more people (particularly children) are getting overweight now. Who is to blame? I want to know everybody's opinion so write your comments here.
2. I don't have overweight, but many people have it, specially children, but adults have it, too.
I think they have it because of the stress.
Good post vane:)
3. I don´t have it but I think many children have it because of their problems.
Good post Vane!
4. I don't have it, but many people, specially children have it.
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Mouth Making You SickIf you’re not properly brushing your teeth every day, there is a good chance that the bacteria left in your mouth can go on to make you feel ill.
More and more studies are linking poor dental care and periodontitis to serious health concerns, yet many people don’t realize that the reason they feel ill so often is directly related to something going on in the teeth and gums.
The State of Your Mouth
Right now, there are some 500 species of bacteria that call you mouth home. Don’t let that upset you, though. This is all perfectly normal. This is where they have always lived, and as long as long as you’re keeping on your daily dental health routines, they are simply doing the things that nature put them there to do.
However, if you’re not keeping up with your oral hygiene, that’s when these same bacteria start to build up on your teeth and along the gum line to cause gingivitis and periodontitis.
Again, this is something that, if caught fast enough, can be corrected. However, if it’s not properly treated, it could start making you sick.
How Does Naturally Occurring Bacteria Make You Sick?
Most of the time, the bacteria in your mouth stays right there. Unfortunately, there are times and potential ways that it could enter your blood stream and start to cause more problems for the rest of your body.
If you are dealing with gum disease, even routine brushing can open up a potential entry point for bacteria to get into your blood stream. If your immune system is healthy enough, this usually isn’t a problem, but if it has been weakened for any reason, these bacteria could start making you feel sick.
What Problems Could Be Caused by Dental Bacteria?
There are a lot of potential issues that can result from poor dental hygiene, and there are several places where you can get a full list of problems.
A cavity can lead to an infection, and these infections can lead to pain, inflammation in the mouth or face, and pus formation at the tooth site.
Other people report feeling nauseous or feverish. They may start vomiting or feeling chills because of high fevers.
Health Concerns
It is also possible that periodontal disease could lead to some other significant problems.
• Heart issues – People with gum disease, according to some studies, are more likely to suffer from some kind of coronary artery disease. Some estimates say they’re almost twice as likely. While no one can say exactly why this is, the most likely explanation is that the bacteria that sneaks into the bloodstream can eventually attach to the fatty plaques in the heart’s blood vessels.
• There is a correlation with blood sugar – People with diabetes are more likely to have periodontal problems than those without. This could be because diabetes makes the patient more susceptible to infections, but it also could be because gum disease makes it harder to control blood sugar.
• Respiratory issues – Gum disease may even increase the risk of respiratory infections, like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pneumonia. This may be a result of the bacteria in your mouth being inhaled directly into your lungs as you breathe.
Prevention is The Key
Cavities and gum disease are both caused by infections. These infections are impacting your overall health, even if you’re not feeling any immediate pain from them.
Any infection is going to tax your immune system. Your body will want to fight it. If it’s not up to the challenge, you may start noticing things like pain, fever, and other symptoms. If this problem isn’t corrected, you may start to feel even more sick as the days go by.
Most doctors don’t bother checking your teeth when you complain about these symptoms, so they may not be able to give you a good diagnosis. You need a dentist to help you correct these issues.
More importantly, you need a dentist to help you prevent the illnesses that are associated with oral bacteria. By sticking to a strict hygiene routine, you can make sure the bacteria in your mouth does not go on to cause further problems.
Be sure to contact us and set up an appointment for your regular checkup to prevent these issues and stay healthy.
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Psychiatry’s Past: The Shame of Slow Progression
For over 100 years traditional psychiatry has worked on the premise that talk therapy alone can diagnose and resolve disorders of the mind, with drugs filling in the gaps in hit-or-miss fashion. While counseling troubled patients certainly has its place and modern pharmacology is often necessary, they are only part of the growing scientific knowledge and resulting treatments available to today’s patient.
Psychiatry has roots extending back to ancient Greece, and through the centuries offered such archaic cures as exorcism and bloodletting, practices that were in use even into the 1900s. In the Middle Ages, lack of scientific understanding of body and brain function often meant that something like depression could be blamed on the supernatural.
Until much more recently, advances in psychiatry have been slow in evolving and often detrimental, with less than optimal understanding of actual brain function. Even while other areas of medical science have shown astounding advances and success rates in both diagnosis and treatment, psychiatric science has changed little in the last 60 years. Many doctors are still prescribing medicines that act in the brain with a “wait and see” method that is prolonged and potentially ineffective like Daniel Amen.
Technology Making The Difference
While nothing can replace an expert clinician’s evaluation of mental health issues, there are a growing number of tools and dedicated scientists who are making the scientific connection between brain and function of the mind.
What if a patient’s problems are due to a brain injury, illness, or chronic condition? How would a clinician even know? This is where scientific research and pioneers are making exciting progress.
Daniel Amen is the nation’s leading scientist and best-selling author in the field of psychiatry and brain imaging. He is the Founder and Medical Director of the renowned Amen Clinics, where finally, technology and psychiatry meet and work synergetically. His work with football players was key in proving that brain injuries and resulting damage are frequent and often treatable.
Dr. Amen’s research into brain imaging has resulted in a reliable approach to resolving mental health issues using the results of functional brain scans that reveal areas of abnormality. Now a patient may clearly see the areas in his or her brain that are causing symptoms. Further investigation includes neurological diagnostics and lab tests, more accurately providing a complete picture of a patient’s overall health. Dr. Amen’s clinics then go on to create a scientific-based treatment plan that addresses the whole person and improves patient’s lives in every aspect; biological, psychological, social and spiritual.
These promising technological developments in psychiatry have been met with overwhelming enthusiasm by both peers and patients and are long overdue.
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Chickens worry about the future
Chickens may know their destiny (Image: iStockphoto)
The finding, published in the current issue of the journal Animal Behaviour, suggests that domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus) are intelligent creatures that might worry.
"An animal with no awareness of 'later' may not be able to predict the end of an unpleasant experience, such as pain, rendering [the pain] all-encompassing," says lead author Dr Siobhan Abeyesinghe.
"The types of mental ability the animal possesses therefore dictate how they should best be managed and what we might be able to do to minimise psychological stress."
Coloured buttons do the trick
Abeyesinghe, a member of the Biophysics Group at the UK's Silsoe Research Institute, and her colleagues tested hens with coloured buttons.
If the chicken waited 2 to 3 seconds, it received a small amount of food. If the bird held out for 22 seconds, it received a "jackpot" that paid out with much more to eat.
"In their natural environment it may pay to get food while you can, before someone else does," says Abeyesinghe.
"But counter to this, we found that when a much larger food reward was delivered for the jackpot condition, hens chose it over 90% of the time, ruling out that they have absolutely no awareness of the near future."
The clever life of bird brains
Prior studies have found that neurone organisation in chicken brains is highly structured and suggests that, like humans, chickens evolved an impressive level of intelligence to help improve their survival.
"[But] they probably show more cognitive ability than people would generally credit them with," Abeyesinghe says.
Higher intelligence
Dr Raf Freire, a lecturer in the Centre for Neuroscience and Animal Behaviour at Australia's University of New England, agrees.
But he already suspects that animals and birds, particularly chickens, have higher levels of intelligence than currently thought.
Tags: environment, neuroscience, zoology
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The Trial Essay Process by SK
Thesis: In his novel, The Trial, Kafka utilizes the character of Josef K. to illustrate the consequences that come as a result of following Kierkegaard’s crowd, ultimately revealing Sartre’s belief that a person who follows the crowd lives in bad faith, and in the end, sacrifices his true self.
Paragraph 1:
As the novel begins, Josef K. stands out as a prime member of society, effectively functioning in the crowd as the top financial advisor of his bank.
–He follows his daily schedule
–“showed how important K. had become to the bank, and how valuable his friendship, or at least his neutrality, must seem to the bank’s second-highest officer” (36)
–Kierkegaard: Comfort of the crowd
–“truth…is not always palatable as falsehoof which always is prepared delicately to give delight” (98)
Paragraph 2:
K.’s initial refusal to accept the legitimacy of his trial represents his temporary departure from the crowd Kierkegaard discusses.
–Does not follow the rules
–Stands up to the crowd
–“they are only proceedings if I recognize them as such” (45)
–“I really have nothing to fear from this account book” (46)
–“What has happened to me is…of no particular consequence since I don’t take it very seriously” (46)
–Kierkegaard: Dangers of the crowd
Paragraph 3:
The temptation of the crowd is revealed, however, when K. is unable to remain true to how he would like to act, and instead resorts to the socially accepted and expected way of approaching a trial.
–Begins to try to work throught the system
–“He had resolved at once to go on Sunday, it was clearly necessary…” (36)
–“When the expected notification had not arrived by Saturday evening, he took it as an implicit summons to appear again in the same building at the same time” (54)
–“And now do you have a suggestion as to what I should do next?” (95)
–Sartre: Cannot remain in good faith
–Kierkegaard: He is in bad faith because he follows the crowd
–“No witness for the truth dare become engaged with the crowd” (That Individual 97)
–“for it often happens that a man thinks the crowd is the untruth, but when it—the crowd—acceptis his opinion en masse, everything is all right again” (99)
Paragraph 4:
The consequences of this bad faith are revealed as the novel progresses and K. is unable to progress with his trial.
–Despite the fact that he fires his lawyer, he still views the crowd as the truth
–Following the crowd and being in bad faith limits his choices
–He can only see one route of escape
–Priest’s storyàcompare to pg 50
–“Group action is entirely ineffective” (175)
–“A crowd, in its very concept is the untruth, by reason of the fact that it renders the individual completely impenitent and irresponsible, or at least weakens his sense of responsibility by reducing it to a fraction” (That Individual 95)
–“The crowd, regarded as a judge over eithical and religious matters, is untruth” (That Individual 96)
–“the ‘crowd’, when it is treated as an authority and its judgement regarded as the final judgement, is detested by the witness for the truth more heartily than a maiden of good morals the detests the public dance-floor” (97)
–“the communicator of the truth can only be a single individual…and again the communication of it can only be addressed to the individual” (98) àK. is trying to convince the crowd not the individuals
Paragraph 5:
K.’s deat at the end of the novel fully reveals Sartre’s assertion that individuals who follow Kierkegaard’s crowd sacrifice themselves to fit the system.
–K. is killed because he followed the rules
–He dies like a dogàlike an animal, not a consious being—or—following directions at all times
–Kierkegaard: “when it is a question of a single individual man, then is the time to give expression to the truth” (That Individual 96)
Essay Process The Trial by S.K.
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LETTER: No need for fracking
editorial image
You reported recently on the public meeting on fracking with government regulators.
Although the meeting was held in Dronfield, the licences held by multi-national company INEOS means fracking could occur anywhere around Chesterfield and North East Derbyshire.
Several members of Chesterfield Climate Alliance attended the meeting and were concerned in their opinion that the people responsible for regulating this new industry seemed unaware of the extent of activity proposed by INEOS. In a 10km by 10km area there could be at least ten and up to 30 well sites and nearly 400 subsurface horizontal wells. These well sites would require pipeline corridors, access roads, compressor stations and other infrastructure, blighting large areas.
Many people think that fracking will help meet our energy needs.
However the UK can be fully self-sufficient in safe, clean and cost-effective renewable energy without fossil fuels or nuclear by 2030.
Renewables are already meeting 25% of our electricity demand and in July 2015 generated almost enough electricity for every house in the UK.
The question is whether we can produce enough energy at all times from renewables.
Detailed modelling has shown that renewable energy sources would produce surplus energy over 80% of the time. We can ensure there is enough energy the rest of the time by cutting energy wastage and shifting energy demand using ‘smart’ appliances and storage using batteries, pumps or heat.
All of these technologies are proven and safer than fracking with its environmental problems and health and safety risks. Investment in renewables and energy efficiency will also create more skilled jobs than fracking.
Many parts of the world, including New York State, France, Holland, Tasmania and Victoria (Australia) have all banned fracking due to public health concerns.
The UK government assumes that the environmental and health risks that have occurred in the US can be regulated so they don’t occur. However, the British Medical Journal has stated that there is no reason to believe that the problems that have occurred in the US would be any different in the UK.
Lisa Hopkinson
On behalf of Chesterfield
Climate Alliance
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Silicon Composers, Inc. Palo Alto, California
SC32 Microprocessor
SC32 Picture
Overview: The SC32 chip is a 32-bit high-speed, real-time general purpose microprocessor optimized for subroutine calls and returns, single-cycle instruction execution and multitasking. The dual-stack architecture of the SC32 microprocessor allows instruction fetches to occur in parallel with the previous instruction's execution resulting in single clock-cycle instructions.
Applications: With many real-time control processors, developers must contend with long development times, low performance or design limitations caused by programming with a specialized CPU. The SC32 microprocessor combines the speed of DSP hardware with the ease of programming a general-purpose microprocessor in a high-level language to significantly reduce development time. The SC32 chip is ideal for dedicated applications, general computing environments, embedded systems control, multi-tasking systems, data acquisition, image and numerical processingand applications requiring large, non-segmented program, data or memory-mapped I/O capability. Some features include:
• One clock cycle instruction execution.
• Two clock cycle data memory access.
• Two 32-bit, 16-deep stacks on chip.
• First four registers of each stack.
• 4 user registers, program counter.
• Left and right shifters on ALU.
SCI Home
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Longest day of the year is looming ... and it's still raining!
The rain persists
The rain persists
With just a week to go until the longest day of the year, many people in the North East are asking when will the summer start!
After next Monday (June 20), the nights will start drawing in and yet we seem to be stuck in a weather rut of miserable, cloudy, damp and misty conditions. The Met Office predicts the overcast skies will continue in the North East until the end of the week, when it will start to become drier, brighter and breezier.
Foggy conditions
Foggy conditions
Monday is the June solstice, when the UK will experience 12 hours 15 minutes of daylight. In the Northern Hemisphere, it is known as the Summer Solstice, while in the Southern Hemisphere, which has the shortest day of the year, it is called the Winter Solstice.
A solstice happens when the sun is at its furthest point from the Earth's equator. It reaches its northernmost point, directly over the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere, and the Earth’s North Pole tilts directly towards the sun, at about 23.4 degrees.
Annually, the date varies between June 20 and June 22, depending on the year, and which time zone you are in.
Forecast for Northumberland and the North East from the Met Office:
Today: Rather cloudy, with extensive low cloud, patchy rain and some mist. A few heavier showers may develop inland later, perhaps also limited brighter intervals, although the prevailing theme is likely to remain damp and cloudy. Maximum temperature 14 °C.
Tonight: Mist and hill fog should again become extensive in the light wind, with further spells of light rain and a few heavier showers possible throughout the night. Minimum temperature 11 °C.
Tuesday: Starting rather cloudy and misty, with further light rain at times. Becoming more showery into the afternoon, with some limited sunny intervals but also slow-moving heavy and perhaps thundery showers. Maximum temperature 15 °C.
Outlook for Wednesday to Friday: Remaining rather cloudy, with further low cloud, mist and patchy rain, perhaps breaking into brighter but showery conditions inland. Perhaps becoming drier, brighter and breezier to end the week.
Updated at 3pm today.
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Open agriculture initiative
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• Télécharger en PDF
Renaud Francou
Par Renaud Francou
Lien vers une ressource en ligne : http://openag.media.mit.edu ( Français)
Liens des contributeurs
An open source ecosystem of food technologies to create healthier, more engaging and more inventive food systems (by the MIT).
Open agriculture initiative
The OpenAg process begins with the production of controlled environment agriculture systems. These personal food computers are set to provide specific controlled environments that can be modified, manipulated, upgraded, and hacked as users experiment to find the perfect growing recipes for their favorite fresh foods. Users from diverse backgrounds will innovate and optimize in unique ways as they find solutions to each challenge they face. Nutrition and flavor can be maximized, water and energy use can be minimized, and preferences can be customized to suit every individual set of needs.
The food computers developed by Harper and his colleagues collect an enormous amount of data on the plants being grown—about 3.5 million data points per plant each grow cycle. The data from all the food computers on the network is then aggregated in an open database and a special machine learning algorithm filters through this data to create “climate recipes” for growing plants optimized for phenotypic traits—such as color and size—or input variables like energy or chemical use. These climate recipes can then be downloaded by other users and run as a program for a food computer, effectively “turning the everyday person into a master gardener.”
Source : Motherboard.vice.com
Source : TED
Veuillez vous connecter pour contribuer.
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Chemistry LibreTexts
PR3. The Diels Alder Reaction
As noted previously, the Diels Alder reaction is a classic example of a pericyclic reaction.
Figure PR3.1. The Diels Alder reaction.
Unlike the Cope and Claisen rearrangements, this reaction often occur intermolecularly (between two molecules). It always occurs between an alkene on one molecule and a conjugated diene on the other molecule. The alkene is referred to as a "dienophile"; it reacts with the conjugated pair of double bonds.
Figure PR3.2. The diene and dienophile in the Diels Alder reaction.
Problem PR3.1.
Draw curved arrows to keep track of electrons in the Diels Alder reaction.
Problem PR3.2.
Draw the aromatic transition state of the Diels Alder reaction.
Problem PR3.3.
Many pericyclic reactions are reversible. The reversible process is usually named the same way as the forward reaction, but with the prefix "retro". For example, a retro-Diels Alder reaction is shown below.
1. Draw curved arrows for the retro-Diels Alder reaction.
2. The forward reaction is favoured at low temperature, whereas the retro reaction is favoured at high temperature. Explain why using the expression for free energy of a reaction, DG = DH - T DS.
Once again, the reaction can be thought of in terms of a reorganization of electrons between these two molecules. In the Diels Alder reaction, we can think of an interaction between the LUMO on one molecule and the HOMO on the other. As it happens, the LUMO on one molecule has the correct symmetry such that it can overlap and form a bonding interaction with the HOMO on the other molecule.
Figure PR3.3. Qualitative molecular orbital picture of the Diels Alder reaction.
Pay attention to the p orbital drawings on the carbons that will bond to each other to form the six-membered ring. It is important that those orbitals are able to overlap with each other to form an in-phase interaction. In that way, these carbon atoms at the ends of the diene and dienophile are able to bond with each other.
A Diels Alder reaction is sometimes called a [2+4] addition reaction. A 2-carbon unit on one molecule interacts with a 4-carbon unit on another molecule.
In contrast, the addition of one regular alkene to another regular alkene would be called a [2+2] addition reaction. If this reaction occurred, two alkenes would come together to form a four-membered ring.
Figure PR3.4. A [2+2] addition reaction.
However, [2+2] addition reactions don't occur without special circumstances. There are a couple of reasons why, and you may be able to suggest some at this point.
You might say that the four-membered ring would be much more strained than the six-membered ring formed by the Diels Alder reaction. That is true, but it may not be reason enough to prevent the reaction from happening. Four-membered rings do occur in nature despite their strain energy.
You might also say that the benzene-like transition state that stabilizes the pathway through a Cope or Diels Alder reaction isn't possible in a [2+2] addition. In fact, the transition state would be more like antiaromatic cyclobutadiene. The transition state would be very high in energy.
Another problem shows up if we look at the orbital interactions in a [2+2] addition reaction. The HOMO on one alkene and LUMO on the other alkene do not overlap so that bonds can form between the two ends. If the p orbitals on one end are in phase, the p orbitals on the other end must be out of phase. The concerted reorganization of bonding possible for the Diels Alder reaction can't happen here.
Figure PR3.5. Qualitative molecular orbital picture of [2+2] addition reaction.
In fact, there is a way around that problem. Irradiating an alkene with UV light leads to promotion of an electron from the LUMO to the HOMO. The alkene is now in an "excited state".
Figure PR3.6. Excitation of an electron in an alkene.
This does not happen with 100% efficiency, so only some of the alkenes will become excited. In the excited state alkene, the HOMO now resembles the LUMO of the ground state alkene. Because of the matching symmetry between these orbitals, the addition reaction can proceed.
Figure PR3.7. HOMO-LUMO interaction between a ground-state alkene and an excited-state alkene.
A [4+2] reaction is sometimes referred to as "thermally-allowed", whereas a [2+2] addition is sometimes referred to as "photolytically-allowed." This distinction refers to the need for electronic excitation to accomplish the latter type of reaction.
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This was our last regular physics class of the year, though a few of the students are taking the SAT Physics subject test next month so we’re going to meet a few more times to review for the test. The last chapter of Light & Matter is about Bohr’s model of the atom. There are some excellent youtube videos on the subject, and I basically made my lecture notes watching Doc Schuster’s videos. If you’re trying to learn physics on your own I think you would fair pretty well just watching his videos. He’s very entertaining.
And Paul Andersen at Bozeman Science has a nice video on this topic as well.
Since I don’t have a spectrometer, we couldn’t do the usual spectrometer lab to look at the Balmer lines of hydrogen, so I cheated and gave each of the students a photo of the spectrum to use as their ‘data’.
I found this lab online and basically just used the first page. I had the students find the first 6 energy levels for a hydrogen atom and draw the energy level diagram. Then they used the wavelengths above for the Balmer series to determine the ionization energy, or ground state energy level of hydrogen. This involved using a spread sheet to make some calculations and plot the data, find the slope and from that we found the energy of the ground state to be 13.7 eV very close to the accepted value of 13.6 eV. This lab was more an excercise on using spreadsheets and finding slope than actual lab work but I still think its useful.
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For Students, What Is the “Facebook Effect” on Grades?
Social media has several effects on academic work— some more positive than others. But what is social networking’s overall impact on college students’ performance?
According to data gathered from several sources by, Facebook and Twitter are used to great benefit — sometimes. Students welcome online engagement and resources; around 75% of student respondents said they’d like to do some online collaboration for class, in fact.
Also, social media may have a positive impact on students’ sense of themselves in the community. Social media-using students were twice as likely as other students to feel well-liked by their peers and to participate in extracurricular activities. And 20% more of Facebook-using students (as compared to students who didn’t use Facebook) said they felt connected to their school and community.
However, negative effects abound. Students who use Facebook and hit the books simultaneously found their multitasking led to 20% lower grades than those of their more focused peers. Facebook-using students also made less money during school from part-time work, putting in around five hours per week as opposed to 16 hours per week for a typical, unplugged counterpart.
Not only do grades and finances suffer, but students might actually end up feeling more depressed or lonely. Almost half of students believe they are sadder than their friends on Facebook, and 25% of college students have shown signs of severe depression in their status updates at one time or another.
In a word, the results are inconclusive. But with around 96% of all college students on Facebook, only the most dedicated academics would consider giving up social media for a slightly better GPA.
In the comments, we’d like to know what impact social media had or has on your academic work. And if your college career pre-dates social media, how do you think college is better or worse because of Facebook?
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Category Archives: Asking Questions
Asking Good Questions
Asking Questions
Asking questions is a basic way to gather information. But like everything else, there’s a skill to it. Asking open-ended questions is a friendly way to engage people in a conversation. Knowing the difference between open-ended and close-ended questions will help you tremendously in your career and social life.
Understanding Open-Ended Questions
Know what an open-ended question is.
An open-ended question is a question that requires a full answer using the subject’s own knowledge or feelings. These questions are objective, don’t lead the person being asked, and result in an answer with many words.
Examples of open-ended questions are:
“What happened after I left?”
“Why did Jim leave before Susan?”
“Tell me about your day at work.”
“What do you think about the new season of this TV show?”
Closed-ended questions
A closed-ended question is answered in a short or single-word answer. They are used to obtain facts and specific pieces of information.
Examples of closed-ended questions are:
“Who will you choose?”
“What brand of car do you own?”
“Did everyone finish all the cake?”
Closed-ended questions bring conversations to a halt. They don’t invite people to elaborate, talk about themselves, or give the questioner much information.
The Language of Open-Ended Questions
Open-ended questions begin with the following words: why, how, what, describe, tell me about…, or what do you think about…
Although “tell me about” does not begin a question, the result is the same as asking an open-ended question.
Closed-ended questions also have a specific language. If you want to avoid closed-ended questions, don’t start questions with the following verbs: are/was, did/did, will, won’t, didn’t, aren’t, would, if.
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Bandeira do Brasil
Bandeira do Brasil
Sunday, December 16, 2012
Brasilia Cathedral
Brasília (Portuguese pronunciation: [bɾɐˈzilɪɐ] is the federal capital of Brazil and the seat of government of the Federal District. The name is commonly spelled Brasilia in English. Administratively the city is located in the Federal District, which is in the Central-West Region. Physically it is located in the Brazilian Highlands.
Brasília has the 5th largest GDP among Latin American cities, and the 3rd in Brazil. Its GDP per capita is by far the highest among the larger Latin American cities, at a high—for Latin American standards—average of around US $30,000.
Brazilian Congress and Senate
As the national capital, Brasília is the seat of all three branches of the federal government of Brazil. The city also hosts the headquarters of many Brazilian companies.
Palácio do Planalto - seat of the federal government
Juscelino Kubitschek Bridge
In local usage, the word "Brasília" usually refers only to the First Administrative Region within the Federal District (Distrito Federal), where the most important government buildings are located. Brasília has a unique status in Brazil, as it is an administrative division rather than a legal municipality like nearly all cities in Brazil. Nationally, the term is almost always used synonymously with the Federal District, which constitutes an indivisible Federative Unit, analogous to a state. There are several "satellite cities," which are also part of the Federal District. Brasília International Airport is the main airport in Brasília, connecting the capital to all major Brazilian cities and many international destinations. It is the third most important airport in Brazil, in terms of passengers and aircraft movements.
Satelite view of the Monumental Axis
The Monumental Axis ("Eixo Monumental" in Portuguese) is a central avenue in Brasília's city design.
The avenue begins on the National Congress of Brazil building and is considered part of the DF-002 road. Its first section is known as "Ministries Esplanade" ("Esplanada dos Ministérios"), as it is surrounded by ministries buildings. Many important government buildings, monuments and memorials are located on the Monumental Axis.
A common urban legend persists that the Monumental Axis is the widest road in the world, where "[100 to 160] cars can drive side by side". This is untrue, as the road consists of two avenues with six lanes on either side; a total of twelve lanes. However, it was in the Guinness Book of Records as having the widest median (central reservation) of a divided highway (dual carriageway) in the world.
Brasilia is also one of the host cities to the 2014 World Cup:
Sources: Wikipedia
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Dementia Disease Risk Influenced by Living Habits
Some researchers estimate that dementia will increase by 100% between the years 2001 and 2020 in the United States. Anything that can reduce dementia disease risk, or delay the age of onset is important.
Now a new study gives us some suggestions for diet and lifestyle changes that could bring down the incidence of dementia. Things like cutting the rates of diabetes and depression, encouraging education and upping the intake of fruits and veggies.
While no one yet knows the precise cause of dementia, experts have identified a few risks - heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes and high cholesterol - all within your control.
This research may be the first to estimate the benefits of eliminating various risk factors for dementia. Although this kind of research can't determine expected outcomes, it may suggest direction for public health programs.
Dementia, a medical term often misused, isn't a lot an illness, but a descriptive term for any assortment of symptoms that may be brought on by a variety of disorders that affect the mind.
It's not an ordinary the main process of getting older, though it's quite common within the elderly. Having loss of memory (admittedly a typical characteristic of dementia) isn't enough; doctors search for several brain functions being impaired without loss of awareness. And also the impairment must be severe enough to impact normal daily activities and relationships.
This most recent dementia research included 1,433 healthy adults (over age 65) living in the south of France. Subjects underwent cognitive testing by a neurologist at the start of the study and again in years two, four and seven in order to judge any dementia and/or mild cognitive impairment. Blood pressure and blood samples were also taken at these visits, and tests of intelligence and to identify any depressive symptoms were also administered. When the study began and during all follow up sessions, subjects provided precisely their health background in addition to home elevators diet, education, monthly income, drinking and utilization of tobacco.
At the conclusion from the study, there have been 405 cases of dementia and/or mild cognitive impairment.
Once the numbers were crunched, they figured eliminating depression and diabetes, and a heightened intake of fruits and vegetables would bring a general 21% decrease in new cases of dementia.
Removing depression alone creates a 10% reduction, but this really is no reason to assume a causal link between depression and dementia.
Increasing education would also reduce new cases of dementia by 18% within the general population within the next seven years.
Eliminating the main known genetic risk factor results in merely a 7% decrease in dementia risk. Focusing on other risk factors beyond genetics may hold much promise.
They believe what it's all about to clinicians is the fact that from young adulthood on efforts ought to be designed to prevent patients from coming in contact with risk. Use these phones avoid insulin dependence before it reaches the diabetes stage. Identify and treat depression when it happens. Encourage literacy and training regardless of how old you are. Relay the significance of a well-balanced, nutritious diet towards the body.
Research continues on minimizing the chance of developing dementia disease. Meanwhile, realize that there is a good deal that you can do to maintain mind and body healthy while you age. But it is recommended to start today.
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Energy Efficiency
Energy Efficiency at Evolve Energy Solutions
Efficient energy use, at times called energy efficiency, is the goal of efforts to reduce the amount of energy required to provide products and services. For example, insulating a home allows a building to use less heating and cooling energy to achieve and maintain a comfortable temperature. Installing fluorescent lights or natural skylights reduces the amount of energy required to attain the same level of illumination compared to using traditional incandescent light bulbs. Compact fluorescent lights use two-thirds less energy and may last 6 to 10 times longer than incandescent lights. Improvements in energy efficiency are most often achieved by adopting a more efficient technology or production process.
Energy efficiency and renewable energy are said to be the twin pillars of sustainable energy policy. In many countries energy efficiency is also seen to have a national security benefit because it can be used to reduce the level of energy imports from foreign countries and may slow down the rate at which domestic energy resources are depleted.
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Physics 102 Essential Elements of Physics
PHYSICS 102-010 CRN #13588 Essential Elements of Physics
Lecture Time:
Room 109 Science, Monday & Wednesday (10:00 am - 10:50 am)
Laboratory Time Room 235 Science, Monday (2:00 pm -4:50 pm)
Room 235 Science, Tuesday (2:25 pm -5:15 pm)
Instructor: Dr. Mike Hibbs e-mail
Office 213A Science
Office Hours: 213A Science Building, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday 11:00 am to 12:00 pm - If you feel that you need or want any additional help, please let me know during lecture or lab! If you need to contact me outside of class, you may call me or e-mail me.
1. Texts:
Physics Fundamentals, Paul Hewitt
Conceptual Physics Laboratory Manual, Paul Robinson
2. Course Description:
This course introduces fundamental physics and astronomy concepts. Students are expected to design and conduct inquiry based experiments including the development of hypothesis, collection and analysis of data, and the use of appropriate laboratory equipment. Topics include motion, forces, energy, waves, light, electricity, magnetism, stellar and planetary evolution, and the atom. This course is required for Interdisciplinary Studies Majors.
3. Prerequisites:
MATH 107 College Algebra
4. Course Objectives:
should be able to demonstrate an ability to:
1. research and document the TEKS science requirements for your appropriate grade level.
2. conduct laboratory investigations using safe and appropriate practices to include:
1. planning and implementing procedures
2. formulating hypotheses
3. selecting and using equipment and technology
4. collecting experimental data
5. analyze data to include constructing graphs and charts, draw inferences and predict trends
6. communicate valid conclusions
3. apply the concepts of motion and Newton's Laws to analyze and explain physical phenomena
4. apply the energy and momentum concepts including definitions of mechanical and thermal energies to analyze and explain physical phenomena
5. apply wave concepts including reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference to analyze and explain wave phenomena
6. apply the properties of light to analyze and explain various optical and natural phenomena.
7. be able to describe various historical models of the solar system and the experimental observations that each model correctly and/or incorrectly predicts
8. describe the characteristics of the universe such as stars and galaxies
9. be able to relate the movements of the Earth and moon relative to the sun to various physical phenomena including the phases of the moon, seasons, length of the day, etc.
10. be able to use basic concepts in electricity and magnetism to analyze or describe various electromagnetic phenomena including electromagnetism, DC circuits, motors, and electrical power generation by electromagnetic induction.
11. effectively communicate mathematical and scientific information in written and oral form.
12. be able to distinguish between an investigate and non-investigate question
13. be able to describe the cultural, economic, philosophic and political impact of science discoveries in mechanics, astronomy, and electromagnetism upon society.
5. Academic Honesty:
Cheating, plagiarism (submitting another person's materials or ideas as one's own), or doing work for another person who will receive academic credit are all-impermissible. This includes the use of unauthorized books, notebooks, or other sources in order to secure of give help during an examination, the unauthorized copying of examinations, assignments, reports, or term papers, or the presentation of unacknowledged material as if it were the student's own work. Disciplinary action may be taken beyond the academic discipline administered by the faculty member who teaches the course in which the cheating took place.
6. Students with Disabilities Policy:
It is the policy of Tarleton State University to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and other federal, state, and local laws relative to the provision of disability services. Students with disabilities attending Tarleton State University may contact the Office of Disability Services at (254) 968-9478 to request appropriate accommodation. Furthermore, formal accommodation requests cannot be made until the student has been officially admitted to Tarleton State University.
7. Grading:
1. Your final grade will be based on the following:
• 60% - Total average of the three lecture tests and comprehensive lecture final exam Each exam will be weighed equally and no exam score will be dropped.
• 20% - Total average of all home work
• 20% - Total average of all laboratory assignments
2. Exams, and the final will be closed book with only one page single side of notes allowed. Calculators may be required. (no cell phone calculators)
3. The grade scale will be: A = (90-100), B = (80-89), C = (70-79), D = (60-69), F = (0-59). All grades are subject to statistical adjustment (curving) at the discretion of the instructor.
4. The Final Exam will be Friday, May 7, 3:00 pm - 5:30 pm
8. Attendance:
Absences may be recorded. However, lecture attendance will not directly affect your lecture grade. You will be responsible for any information given in the lectures and laboratories. If you miss a class, get the class and lab notes from another student!
9. Exam Make-Up:
Lecture tests must be made up with proper arrangements or the missed work will receive a grade of zero. Note, make up work is the responsibility of the student and is permitted solely at the discretion of the instructor. Note, no make-up exam will be allowed for a test already handed back in class. If you know in advance that you will miss a lecture test, you must let the instructor know in advance so proper arrangements can be made. If you miss a lecture test because of unexpected events beyond your control, you must contact me at the first opportunity to schedule a make up.
10. Homework:
Homework will be administered through WebAssign. Every student is responsible for obtaining WebAssign and keeping up with the homework assignments. Each assignment will be set to allow four chances to get the right answer. Only two extensions will be granted if you cannot submit your homework on time.
11. Laboratory Requirements
The labs to be done in a given day will be announced in the lecture prior to the lab. Students must bring their lab manual, lab notebook, pencil, and calculator to each lab. (See information on keeping a Lab Notebook)
General Comments:
You will also be asked to do some application of basic equations. This course is designed to be educational, as well as, fun! The format is informal where student participation is expected. I encourage students to work and study in groups. If you ever feel frustrated or behind, please come see me and we will find away to help you through the course.
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Why Eat Grass Fed Meat?
Highland Cattle Steer
Top 10 Reasons to Eat Grass-Fed Meat
By The Natural Resources Defense Council
Humans can’t eat grass, but the meat we eat should come from animals that did.
Truth be told, we do eat a little bit of grass. Three-quarters of all human nutrition comes from wheat, rice and corn, all of which are grasses. But what we eat is actually their seeds, the dense package of complex carbohydrates that is the specialty of annual grasses. Perennial grasses, which are more common, pack a larger proportion of their energy in their roots, stems and leaves; the building block for these is cellulose. Humans cannot convert cellulose to protein, but cows, sheep and other ruminants can, thanks to the resident bacteria in their highly specialized fermentation tank of a stomach, known as a rumen.
Grass-fed beef, as its name implies, comes from animals that eat perennial grasses all their lives. In contrast, “Grain-fed” beef is what is most commonly sold in supermarkets. While all cattle are grass-fed at some point in their lives, conventionally raised cows spend the majority of their lives feeding on corn and other grains, typically in a confined feedlot.
So what’s the big deal? Why is it so important to choose grass-fed when buying meat?
1. Grass-fed animals don’t need the large quantities of antibiotics that feedlot cattle do.
2. Perennial grasses are better for soil.
3. Animals that are grass-fed their entire life are healthier–and their meat safer for you.
4. Grass-fed animals produce the right kind of fat.
5. The corn fed to feedlot cattle is fossil-fuel intensive and heavily subsidized.
6. Perennial pasture reduces flooding and pollution-laden runoff.
7. Perennial pasture is a carbon sink.
8. Modern grazing methods match the efficiencies of industrial-scale grain production.
9. Pastured animals are treated more humanely.
10. Grass-fed is more expensive. (Yes, you read that right.)
For further explanation of each reason listed above, read the entire article here.
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Flick the Music switch and Light up your Brain
Flick the Music switch and light up your brain. It is proven music scientific fact. Music taps into various aspects and intricate workings of the brain. It is utilized by many experts in treating depressed or anxious patients. But if you think it’s a mere mood elevator. Think again! Dementia patients positively respond to Music, People suffering with speech Tourette’s syndrome, do not stammer or tick when singing!
So if your the fortunately unimpaired by illness amongst us, you are overlooking the sheer awesome power of music, it can change steer and guide you to limitless possibility. If it can change the lives of impaired brains, just think what can it do for you?
How Music lights up the brain and creates new structure
So breaking it down to its purest denominators. It has meter, timber, rhythm and pitch. brain activity, music lights up the brain, brain lights up to music, brain scienceThese are the structures of music that affect the areas of the brain that deal with Mood and Emotion. These key areas are the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and the parietal lobe.
Here is the science. When music lights up the brain, the hippocampus, a structure of the limbic system, is responsible for spatial orientation, navigation and the consolidation of new memories. It also triggers emotional responses. Click here to watch the brain reacting to music.
The prefrontal cortex, on the other hand, manages extreme impulses and emotions. Known as the “seat of good judgment,” it enables one to make rational calls so that inappropriate behaviors and actions are prevented.
As for the parietal lobe, it is in charge of spatial orientation and awareness, information processing and cognition. download festivalThis is why Music lights up the brain.
Music can alter your brain patterns
Because of Music’s inert ability to alter the different areas of the brain, music has been routed successfully in a number of therapies. In addition to the examples above it has been applied to stroke victims to teach them how to talk again. Since it reaches the expanses and extremes of emotional related barriers too, music is now at the forefront for mood-altering therapy.
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ISLAMABAD (FAISAL HAKEEM) - Pakistan sustained a loss of $5 billion over the past 13 years because of the decrease in water inflow in Jhelum which led to the decline in hydro-power generation.On the other hand, two million acre feet (MAF) of water has been sent downstream of Kotri during the current season.Quoting knowledgeable sources, Waqt News reported that India, in violation of Indus Basin Treaty, is setting up dams on rivers flowing into Pakistan.Mangla Dam, which generated some 6,000MW in the past is producing only 4,000MW at present because of the decrease in water inflow. To make up the shortage, Pakistan would have to rely more on thermal power, a prescription which will cost the country additional $500 million in a year.Sources say Pakistan has not taken up the matter with India. In fact, it has completed the Mangla Upraising Project at a cost of one trillion rupees. It has raised the reservoirs capacity to 3 MAF. However, it would be filled to capacity only once in five years.
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Acts Chapter 7 Second Continued Explained
Acts Chapter 7 Second Continued
Verses 44-50: To counter the false charge that he blasphemed the temple (6:13-14), Stephen recounted its history to show his respect for it.
“Tabernacle of witness”: The predecessor of the temple (Exodus 25:8-9, 40).
We see in this an explanation that Moses did not build the tabernacle to suit himself, but actually got exact instructions from God while he was on the mount just how to build it. God really gave Moses a look (vision), of the tabernacle in heaven, which this was to be patterned by.
Acts 7:45-46 "Which also our fathers that came after brought in with Jesus into the possession of the Gentiles, whom God drove out before the face of our fathers, unto the days of David;" "Who found favor before God, and desired to find a tabernacle for the God of Jacob."
We see that God was with the Hebrews. When the Ark of the Covenant was with them, the enemy fled before it. God was fighting their battles for them. This moveable ark was brought into the Promised Land and King David desired to build a permanent temple for the Ark and a Place to worship.
David was a warrior and God would not let him build it. His son Solomon (a man of peace), built the permanent structure of the place to worship and meet God.
Acts 7:47-48 "But Solomon built him a house." "Howbeit the most High dwelleth not in temples made with hands; as saith the prophet,"
“Most High”: A common Old Testament title for God (Gen. 14:18-20, 22; Num. 24:16; Deut. 32:8; 2 Sam. 22:14; Psalms 7:17; 9:2; 18:13; 21:7; 73:11; 87:5; 91:1; 107:11; Isa. 14:14; Lam. 3:35, 38; Dan. 4:17, 24-25, 32, 34; 7:25).
Verses 49-50 (quoted from Isa. 66:1-2). Stephen’s point is that God is greater than the temple, and thus the Jewish leaders were guilty of blaspheming by confining God to it.
This is speaking of the omnipresence of God. He can be everywhere all at the same time. In fact, the entire earth could not hold Him. No mere building can hold all of God. We learn in the Revelation teaching that the Spirit of God is in all churches that bear His name.
Acts 7:50 "Hath not my hand made all these things?"
We see again here, that God created everything. In Genesis, we know that God spoke the whole universe into existence. We learn in John chapter 1, that the Word (Creator God), was the very same one that came to earth and dwelt among us.
Notice in verse 50 above, "my hand" Jesus (the Word; Creator God), is the Right hand of God. He not only sits at the right hand of the Father; He is in fact the Right Hand.
Verses 51-53: The climax of Stephen’s sermon indicted the Jewish leaders for rejecting God in the same way that their ancestors had rejected Him in the Old Testament.
“Stiffnecked”: Obstinate, like their fathers (Exodus 32:9; 33:5).
“Uncircumcised in heart and ears”: Thus as unclean before God as the uncircumcised Gentiles (see notes on Deut. 10:16; Jer. 4:4; Rom. 2:28-29).
“Resist the Holy Ghost”: By rejecting the Spirit’s messengers and their message. Jesus’ sermon (in Matt. 23:13-39).
You see, Stephen was speaking to men who were circumcised in the flesh. These were men who had been circumcised in the flesh on the eighth day in keeping with the Abrahamic covenant. The problem was that they knew God in formality and had never received Him into their heart. They had ears, but could not hear, and they had eyes, but they could not see.
Stephen tells them that they were like their fathers. They were very technical about the law, but they closed themselves off and did not know the Lawgiver. They had a religion of the flesh and not the spirit. We see the extreme boldness of Stephen in the next verse.
“The Just One” (see note on 3:14).
To these religious rulers, this was about the worst accusation that Stephen could make. They prided themselves in keeping the law. We know that many of the prophets had been killed for the truth in the Bible.
Isaiah, we are told by historians, was sawed in half. Daniel faced the lions in the den. Elijah fought the prophets of Baal. These great prophets got very little help from the rulers in the temple.
Acts 7:53 "Who have received the law by the disposition of angels, and have not kept [it]."
“Law by the disposition of angels” (see Deut. 33:2; Gal. 3:19; Heb. 2:2). Scripture does not delineate their precise role in the giving of the law, but clearly states the fact of their presence.
Many times, the prophets even spoke out against the religious rulers and were persecuted by the rulers of the temple. Stephen tells them, you never did truly understand the law and You have certainly not kept it.
Acts 7:54 "When they heard these things, they were cut to the heart, and they gnashed on him with [their] teeth."
“Gnashed on him with their teeth”: In anger and frustration (Psalms 35:16; 37:12; Matt. 8:11-12; 13:41-42, 50; 22:13; 24:51; 25:30; Luke 13:28).
Down deep in their heart, they knew that what Stephen had said was true.
“Full of the Holy Ghost” (see note on 2:4).
“The glory of God”: Isaiah (Isa. 6:1-3; Ezekiel (Ezek. 1:26-28); Paul (2 Cor. 12:2-4); and John (Rev. 1:10), also received visions of God’s glory in heaven.
“On the right hand of God”: Jesus is frequently so depicted (2:34; Matt. 22:44; 26:64; Luke 22:69; Eph. 1:20; Col. 3:1; Heb. 1:3; 8:1; 10:11-12; 12:2).
We see here, that Stephen not only felt the Presence of the Holy Ghost, but was empowered from on high and filled with the Holy Ghost. Stephen was so filled that all scales were removed from his eyes, and he looked into heaven, and saw the throne of God, and the glory of God on that throne.
There is much controversy about Stephen seeing Jesus standing at the right hand of God. Jesus ordinarily is seated at the right hand of God, because His work is finished, but I believe He was standing to greet Stephen and welcome him to heaven. Stephen had no fear of what they could do to him here on the earth. He knew his home was in heaven.
Acts 7:56 "And said, Behold, I see the heavens opened, and the Son of man standing on the right hand of God."
“Son of man” (see note on Dan. 7:13-14).
This proclamation of Stephen would have been impossible to hold back. To see inside heaven and all the glory there would be almost beyond comprehension. The thrill would be so great, that any kind of death would be welcomed to be able to go there.
Acts 7:57 "Then they cried out with a loud voice, and stopped their ears, and ran upon him with one accord,"
To them, this was blasphemy, and they ran toward him to capture and kill him. I really believe, however, that they stopped their ears, because they were not ready to hear that they had killed the Lord. You see, if Stephen is telling them the truth, they know they are doomed to hell. They have to know that it is the truth, because Stephen's countenance was so bright as we read earlier.
“Laid down their clothes … Saul”: This is Paul’s first appearance in Scripture. That he was near enough to the action to be holding the clothes of Stephen’s killers reflect his deep involvement in the sordid affair (see note on 8:1).
This Saul is the Pharisee who was ordering the persecution of the Christians. This is also the Saul who Jews would rename Paul. You see Saul was one of these religious leaders who ordered the stoning to death of Stephen. Notice they took him out of the city wall before they killed him. It was not lawful (their laws), to kill a man within the city wall.
Acts 7:59 "And they stoned Stephen, calling upon [God], and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit."
“Stoned”: This was the punishment prescribed in the law for blasphemy (Lev. 24:16). However, this was not a formal execution but an act of mob violence.
This is further proof that a Christian's spirit leaves his body and goes to heaven when he dies. Stephen's spirit went to heaven immediately.
“Lay not this sin to their charge”: As had Jesus before him (Luke 23:34), Stephen prayed for God to forgive his killers.
“He fell asleep”: A common New Testament euphemism for the death of believers (John 11:11-14; 1 Cor. 11:30; 15:20, 51; 1 Thess. 4:14; 5:10).
Stephen’s prayer demonstrates that he was speaking the truth in love, not in malice.
We see here, a humble servant of God. Stephen had become Christ like, because he asked forgiveness for these men who did this horrible thing to him.
Luke 23:34 Then said Jesus, “Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do”. And they parted his raiment, and cast lots. Stephen said, "Lay not this sin to their charge." There was no question that Stephen was a follower of the Lord Jesus Christ. Immediately Stephen died to this world.
As we said, this Saul will soon be called Paul and would also become a servant of God, a follower of Jesus Christ. Saul thought he was doing God a favor when, in fact, he was killing one of God's anointed.
Acts Chapter 7 Second Continued Questions
1. What directions had Moses been given to build the tabernacle?
2. Who led the Israelites into the land of the Gentiles?
3. Who was the king who wanted to build a permanent house of worship?
4. Why did God not allow him to build the temple?
5. Who built the temple?
6. What name is God called by in verse 48?
7. Where is His throne?
8. What is His footstool?
9. What does omnipresence mean?
10. What did we learn in Revelation about the Spirit of God?
11. In verse 50, who made all things?
12. Who is the Right Hand of God?
13. What two terrible names did Stephen call these religious men?
14. What had they resisted?
15. What was wrong with their worship?
16. What name is Jesus called in verse 52?
17. Even though they had been given the law, they had ______________.
18. In verse 54, they were cut to the heart and did what to Stephen?
19. What two things did Stephen see in verse 55?
20. What was Jesus doing? Why?
21. Why did they stop their ears?
22. Where did they take Stephen? Why?
23. How did they kill Him?
24. Where did they put Stephen's clothes?
25. What was Stephen doing and saying as he died?
26. What statement did he make that was similar to Jesus' statement?
27. What does verse 61 tell us?
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Dublin, the capital of the Ireland, is on Ireland’s east coast at the mouth of the River Liffey. Its historic buildings include Dublin Castle, dating to the 13th century, and the imposing St Patrick’s Cathedral, founded in 1191. City parks include the landscaped St Stephen’s Green and the huge Phoenix Park, containing Dublin Zoo. The National Museum of Ireland explores Irish heritage and culture.
The culture of Ireland includes customs and traditions, language, music, art, literature, folklore, cuisine and sports associated with Ireland and the Irish people. For most of its recorded history, Ireland's culture has been primarily Gaelic. It has also been influenced by Anglo-Norman, English and Scottish culture.
Due to large-scale emigration from Ireland, Irish culture has a global reach and festivals such as Saint Patrick's Day, Halloween, are celebrated all over the world. Irish culture has to some degree been inherited and modified by the Irish diaspora, which in turn has influenced the home country.
The name Dublin comes from the Gaelic dubh linn or “black pool” – this pool was formed where the Poddle met the River Liffey at Dublin Castle
Attacked by Vikings in 837 AD, these invaders settled from 841 onwards. Dublin became the Vikings' largest city and trade centre. The Battle of Clontarf in 1014 saw the Vikings battle alongside the King of Dublin, King of Leinster and Sigtrygg Silkbeard, among others, against the High King of Ireland, Brian Boru. Brian’s forces were victorious, though he was killed. It is estimated that between 7,000 and 10,000 men were killed in this one day battle. The battle came to be seen as an event that freed the Irish from foreign domination, and Brian was hailed as a national hero.
In the 11th-12th Centuries, the Vikings adopted Christianity and founded Christ Church Cathedral. In 1169, the deposed Irish King MacMurrough sought help from the Normans in south-west Wales who, under their leader Richard FitzGilbert de Clare (Strongbow), seized Dublin. In 1171 Henry II landed with a great army, and made Dublin the capital of the Normans' Irish territory and the heart of the Norman and English colony. Christ Church Cathedral was rebuilt in the Gothic style and work began on St Patrick’s Cathedral.
English royal control of Ireland shrank during the 14th and 15th Centuries to coastal towns and an area round Dublin known as the Pale. From 1485-1603 the city played a crucial role when Tudor monarchs undertook a reconquest. In 1603 The Earl of Tyrone submitted and, for the first time, the Crown won control of the entire island.
Things were to change dramatically in the 20th Century with the 1916 Easter Rising, the War of Independence and the subsequent Civil War which eventually led to the establishment of the Republic of Ireland.
As the seat of English administration, Dublin was the setting for many key events during the Irish struggle for independence and you will find a number of historic buildings, such as the General Post Office on O'Connell Street, Dublin Castle and Kilmainham Gaol, where history comes alive.
Since the mid-1990s, an economic boom christened the ‘Celtic Tiger’ brought massive expansion and development to the city, including the creation of Dublin’s newest landmark, the Spire monument on O’Connell Street. Fuelled by the boom years, Dublin has grown to be the single largest conurbation in Ireland. Some 1.2m people live in the greater Dublin area, which equals 28% of the country's total population of 4.2m
The boom brought many new ethnic groups into the city and created a more international feel, particularly in the north inner city. Ireland has fallen on harder times in recent months, but Dublin is, if anything, more vibrant than ever.
Irish cuisine has evolved from centuries of social and political change, and the mixing of the different cultures. The traditional cuisine is founded upon the crops and animals farmed in its temperate climate.
Traditional Irish foods include Irish stew (made with lamb, mutton, or goat), shepherd's pie (meat and vegetables, topped with potato), bacon and cabbage (with potatoes), boxty (potato pancake), coddle (sausage, bacon, and potato), and colcannon (mashed potato, kale or cabbage, and butter).
Irish cuisine has adapted greatly and family dinners range from Italian to Thai, and Chinese to Spanish!
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The reason that you will often see the yields on Treasuries fall when you see a financial crisis in an emerging or foreign market is due to what is known as a flight to quality. A flight to quality occurs when market participants move their money from higher risk, or lower quality, investments to lower risk, or higher quality, investments, which is usually triggered by an event in the higher-risk market. (For related reading, see Panic Selling - Capitulation Or Crash?)
When there is a crisis in the emerging markets, such as a geopolitical problem or a financial meltdown, you will often see the market participants in that market sell out and move their money to a safer place. To many, one of the safest places is in U.S. Treasuries, which are government backed debt instruments. As money flows into Treasuries their prices rise, which leads to a decrease in yields. (To learn more about this process, see Advanced Bond Concepts: Yield And Bond Price.)
Remember that with bonds, the price of a bond and its yield have an inverse relationship with each other. Generally, the reason for this is that no matter what happens to the price of the bond over its life, it will still pay the same amount in coupons. Therefore, when the price rises the percent of this payout, or yield, to the price of the bond will decrease.
1. Why are treasury bond yields important to investors of other securities?
2. Which economic factors impact treasury yields?
Discover the relationship between a bond’s current yield and risk, and how investors can use it to benefit their overall ... Read Answer >>
4. How is the interest rate on a treasury bond determined?
Explore the difference between interest rates and bond coupons, what determines current yield on debt instruments, and why ... Read Answer >>
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An investigation how sugar solutions of different concentrations affect osmosis.
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution to one of a higher concentration.
If a solution has a low concentration then the amount of (in the case of my investigation) sugar, the solute, will be low and the solution will be weak. If there is high amount of sugar then the solution will be concentrated (have a high concentration).
When two solutions are divided by a partially permeable membrane; water will move from the area where there is a high concentration of water to where there is low until both sides are equal. This is known as reaching equilibrium.
A cell is turgid when it swells to its maximum volume due to large water content. Opposite to this is plasmolysis (or flaccid) where there is not enough water in the cell and the cell membrane begins to contract.
Image courtesy of the BBC website.
Factors which affect osmosis:
The difference in concentration affects the speed ay which osmosis takes place - the greater the difference in concentrations, the faster the water molecules will diffuse. External Pressure- osmosis is slowed down if there is external pressure acting against the flow of water molecules. This is due to the fact that will need more energy in order to overcome the force of pressure so they can pass through the partially permeable membrane to the other side. Size of solute molecules- if the solute molecules are large then they will block the partially permeable membrane. Water molecules will not pass through where the membrane is blocked; slowing osmosis down because fewer water molecules will be able to pass through. Temperature- an increase in temperature gives water molecules more kinetic energy which causes them to move faster meaning they also diffuse faster. However, the temperatures need to be controlled because high temperatures destroy living partially permeable membranes.
The aim of this investigation is to study how the concentration of sucrose solution affects the rate of osmosis in potato cells. The mass change of the cells will be observed when they are placed in solutions with different sucrose concentrations. The results will show how the difference in concentration on both sides of the permeable membrane.
I predict that the pieces of potato placed in sucrose solution with a concentration of 0-0.4 m/l will increase the weight of the potato and the cells will become turgid, most likely when the concentration is 0. This is because as it states in my research, the concentration of the sucrose determines how much water will transfer across the permeable membrane. When the potato pieces are placed in the sucrose solution with a concentration of 0.0-1.0, will decrease in weight as the water from the potato cells will transfer across the membrane into the solution where the concentration is higher then the cells. The cells in these potatoes, according to my research are likely to become flaccid. I also predict that there won't be a large change of weight in pieces placed in the solutions with concentrations of 0.4 and 0.6. This is because the difference in concentration in the water and potato will not be great. I predict my results graph will look like:
5 Beakers
13mm Borer
Cutting tile
Paper towels
Electronic balances
Ruler (mm)
150ml of each of the following concentrations of sucrose solution: 0.0m/l
0.0m/l will be distilled water.
(m/l= moles/litre) (342g of sucrose in 1 litre)
*The concentration is the independent variable in this investigation as it changes so that osmosis can be measured.
1.Cut 5 tubes of potato using a 13mm borer. Cut all tubes of potato to exactly 25mm. make sure that the tubes are of a similar surface area, discard any that were on oblique cuts as this affects...
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Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to: navigation, search
Alternative forms[edit]
From Ancient Greek ἐμφατικός (emphatikós, emphatic), from ἐμφαίνω (emphaínō, I show, present), from ἐν (en, in) + φαίνω (phaínō, I shine, show); related to ἔμφασις (émphasis) and English emphasis.
emphatic (comparative more emphatic, superlative most emphatic)
1. Characterized by emphasis; forceful.
Yet when play restarted the Czech was a train that kept on running over Nadal. After breaking Nadal in the opening game of the final set, he went 2-0 up and later took the count to 4-2 with yet another emphatic ace – one of his 22 throughout.
2. Stated with conviction.
He gave me an emphatic no when I asked him out.
3. (grammar) Belonging to a set of English tense forms comprising the auxiliary verb do + an infinitive without to.
4. (phonology) Belonging to a series of obstruent consonants in several Semitic languages that are distinguished from both voiced and voiceless consonants by a certain phonetic feature or features.
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
emphatic (plural emphatics)
1. (phonology) An emphatic consonant.
2. (linguistics) A word or phrase adding emphasis, such as "a lot" or "really".
See also[edit]
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Vision off to the side of your field of view. When you see something out of the corner of your eye that's peripheral vision working for you.
Retinitis pigmentosa begins with a gradual loss of peripheral vision, eventually leading to tunnel vision or total blindness.
This node saved by The Nodeshell Rescue Team
Something interesting to do is to attempt to actually look at things with your peripheral vision. It is hard at first since we are used to turning our eyes and head towards an object when we try to see it.
You have to stare at something straight in front of you and try to get your brain, not your eyes, to focus on the periphery.
A really useless skill I guess, since your peripheral eyesight is really crappy and blurry, meant only for detecting motion. It is just interesting to try....
Another interesting peripheral vision experiment can be done at night in bed, if you have a TV or anything else that keeps a LED on.
Just try to look at the LED with your peripheral vision. You'll notice that the LED (no matter what color it is) looks white! This happens because the eye structures used to distinguish colors are concentrated on the central part of your field of view.
The hardest part on this experiment is convincing yourself that you're not seeing the color, since you already know what you're expecting to see.
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Monday, September 24, 2012
How Athletes Improve Speed and Power
Athletic bodyweight training helps you develop the strength and power needed to compete at a high level. Athletic bodyweight exercises allow you to develop strength that allows your body to stabilize itself. This way, you are less likely to injure yourself with heavy free weights because your body is not ready for the loads.
Stabilization strength and power are critical for your athletic success on the field or court. As an athlete, you should be involved in a comprehensive training program to prevent injuries and burnout. The three building blocks of integrated training for the athlete are:
STABILIZATION (2 Phases) – Primary goals are to correct muscle imbalances, joint dysfunctions, postural distortion patterns, improve kinetic chain integrity and reconditioning/rehabilitation.
STRENGTH (3 Phases) – Primary goals are to improve stabilization strength/endurance and increase muscle hypertrophy (growth) and strength.
POWER (2 Phases) – Primary goals are to enhance neuromuscular efficiency, increase power production, increase speed strength and create neuromuscular adaptations throughout the entire range of motion.
All seven phases of training may not be necessary for all athletes. For example, some sports do not require optimum levels of muscle hypertrophy.
The training program is Multi-Planar (sagittal, frontal, transverse), Multi-Joint (exercises such as bench press, squats, lunges), Multi-Dimensional (stabilization, strength, power), Proprioceptively Enriched (high neural demand) and Sport-Specific.
You should follow a systematic approach with the following goals in mind: injury prevention, body fat reduction and increased lean muscle mass, strength, endurance, flexibility and performance. Rate-of-Force Production (muscles producing force in the shortest period of time) is one of the best physical indicators of the level of an athlete’s performance and future success.
Bodyweight workouts use natural body motions that don't limit your natural range of motion (like machine lifting does). Since no two people have the same exact motions, bodyweight exercises are ideal for beginners and veterans alike.
What you need before sport specific exercises is the foundation of strength, flexibility and sports nutrition....if you don't have this foundation, you won't be very good in your sport.
I'm seeing more and more young athletes with weak bodies trying to start a program of intense plyometrics. Many of them come to me with injuries they have gotten from group training classes in plyometrics.
A proper sports training system would go something like this:
1. Overall strength training (including core training) to stabilize joints, build muscle, correct postural problems, improve flexibility and implementation of a nutrition program.
Some bodyweight strength exercises would include:
--pushups of all variations
--inverted rows
--lunges of all types
--step ups of all types
--squats (two-legged, one-legged, split, lateral, Bulgarian)
2. Progress to power exercises, speed exercises, plyometric exercises and sport specific exercises when your body is ready.
Don't skip to step #2 without adequately doing step #1 or injuries will surely follow!
Train smarter, not harder.
Mark Dilworth, BA, PES
Your Fitness University
My Fitness Hut
Her Fitness Hut
Sports Fitness Hut
Rapid Fat Loss and Six Pack Abs
1. Thanks for posting your article.So really informative and inetersting.
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Lesson 2: Building a Forecasting Scenario (Intermediate Data Mining Tutorial)
As the sales analyst for Adventure Works Cycles, you have been asked to forecast the sales of individual products for the next year. In particular, you have been asked to find peak times for bike sales and to learn how sales lead or lag with regard to region. Additionally, you have been asked to determine whether sales of different products vary depending on the time of the year.
To find the requested information, in this lesson you will investigate the company's data at the monthly level, and you will also divide sales into three regions: Europe, North America, and the Pacific.
After you complete the tasks in this lesson, you will be able to answer the following questions:
• How do the sales of different bike versions interact over time?
• Is there a pattern to sales with regard to the three regions?
• What time of year do sales peak?
To complete the tasks in this lesson, you will use the AdventureWorksDW2008 data source that you created in Lesson 1: Creating the Intermediate Data Mining Solution (Intermediate Data Mining Tutorial).
This lesson contains the following tasks. The lesson can be completed in two parts, if necessary. The first part introduces the basics of how to create and use a time series model, and the second part describes how to use the new features in SQL Server 2008 for cross-prediction in a time series model.
Creating a Simple Forecasting Model
Creating a General Forecasting Model for Cross-Prediction
Community Additions
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Over the past three decades, behavioral and learning disorders have evolved into chronic conditions affecting children and adolescents in the United States. Both educators and physicians are reporting an increase in the number of children with these disorders. Of these disorders, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) is steadily increasing in prevalence.
The number of special education programs for children suffering from AD/HD has expanded in the last decades. Additionally, a marked increase in the use of prescription medications has also been observed for children and adults suffering from AD/HD.
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) AD/HD is a mental disorder characterized by "a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that is more frequent and severe than is typically observed in individuals at a comparable level of development.
DSM-IV Criteria for ADHD
I. Either A or B:
5. Often has trouble organizing activities.
8. Is often easily distracted.
9. Is often forgetful in daily activities.
4. Often has trouble playing or enjoying leisure activities quietly.
6. Often talks excessively.
1. Often blurts out answers before questions have been finished.
2. Often has trouble waiting one's turn.
Individuals diagnosed with AD/HD share similarities among behavioral symptoms. However, the underlying causes may be heterogeneous due to a combination of several, biological, psychological and social factors.
Additionally, research has indicated that several biochemical factors may play a role in AD/HD. This includes food allergies and sensitivity to food additives such as flavor enhancers, coloring agents, as well as preservatives. Heavy metal toxicities (aluminum, lead, mercury) and other environmental toxins from air, food and water, vitamin deficiencies (B1, B3, B6), mineral (iron, selenium, zinc, copper, calcium, magnesium) and amino acid (tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine) abnormalities, essential fatty acids (omega-3 series) and phospholipid deficiencies, thyroid disorders as well as genetic predisposition can all play a role in AD/HD.
AD/HD has been associated with deficiencies in the neurotransmitters Norepinephrine and Epinephrine. Both of these neurotransmitters are involved in cognitive function. As such, the prescription medication commonly used for AD/HD (Ritalin) is thought to provide a stimulating effect in the Central Nervous System resulting in increased release of the neurotransmitters Norepinephrine and Dopamine.
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