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eval_testing_mns

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animals the excretory system collects wastes from each cell individually.
In these organisms most of the body is occupied by digestive and excretory
systems.
In animals belonging to Nemathelminthes (round worms), the
pseudocoelom has taken up the function of collection and distribution of
materials.
Free distribution by T.S. Government 2019-20 61
The Annelids, the first Eucoelomate animals have developed a pulsatile
vessel, to move the fluid and the transporting medium is blood.
The Arthropods have developed a pulsatile organ to pump the blood,
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the heart. The blood instead of flowing in blood vessels floods the tissues,
directly supplying the nutrients to the tissues. Oxygen is directly supplied
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to the tissues directly by the respiratory system.
Such type of transportation system which supplies nutrients to the
tissues directly is called open type of circulatory system.eg. Arthropods,
many molluscs and lower chordates.
The other type of transportation system where the blood takes the
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responsibility of delivering the materials, which flows in the blood vessels
is called closed type of circulatory system. Such type of closed circulatory
system is present in annelids echinoderms, cephalopod molluscs (e.g. (e.g
Octopus) and all the higher chordates.
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Do you know?
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The human circulatory system can move one ml of blood from heart to a foot and
back which is approximately 2 meters, in about 60 seconds.
It would take more than 60 years for the substance to move across this distance
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by diffusion.
Blood pressure (B.P.)
In class 9th we studied about blood and it’s components, blood grouping,
etc., in the chapter animal tissues. Now we will discuss some other points
related to blood.
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Generally you have heard the word B.P. What is B.P.? To move the
blood through this network of vessels, a great deal of force is required.
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The force is provided by the heart and is at its highest when the ventricles
contract, forcing the blood out of the heart and into the
arteries. Then there is a drop in the pressure as the ventricles
refill with blood for the next beat.
B.P. is always measured in the upper arm artery. B.P.
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varies throughout the body, so a standard place must be
used so that a person’s blood pressure can be compared
over a period of time. Doctors measure the blood pressure
(B.P.) with a device called sphygmomanometer.
There are two pressure readings. One measures the
strongest pressure during the time blood is forced out of
fig-13: Sphygmomanometer the ventricles. This is called systolic pressure. For a healthy
62 X Class Transportation - The circulatory system
young adult it will be 120 mm of Hg. The second reading is taken during
the resting period, as the ventricles refill with blood. This is called diastolic
pressure. It will be 80 mm of Hg.
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B.P. will change according to the activity in which the person is
engaged, such as resting, walking and running. People who have high B.P.
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during resting period are said to have hypertension. Discuss with your
teacher about low blood pressure.
Coagulation of blood
Another important part in the story of blood is coagulation. Only
because of this character animals survive when they meet severe injuries.
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