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Galaxies can grow through their mutual gravitational attraction and subsequent union. While orbiting a regular high-surface-brightness galaxy, the body of a low-mass galaxy can be stripped away. However, the stellar heart of the infalling galaxy, if represented by a tightly bound nuclear star cluster, is more resilient... | 9 |
a stationery accessory system comprises a slidable tab including indicia of contents contained in or demarcated by the stationery accessory system and a sheet - like member including a rail ; one of the slidable tab and the rail having a channel defined along a longitudinal aspect thereof , the channel defined by a wal... | 1 |
it is suggested to subject the catalyst - supporting structure with attached to it catalyst to electromagnetic field generated inside the catalytic reactor by an induction coil or by microwave - generator , with the support structure being made from materials exhibiting a significantly lesser absorption of the electrom... | 1 |
a door latch having an over - center latching mechanism , which can be tripped by the dishwasher timer to allow the door to open slightly during the drying cycle of the dishwasher . the latch can also be opened by operating a handle on the exterior of the dishwasher . | 8 |
an image forming apparatus has a fixing unit that fixes a developer transferred onto a print medium . the apparatus includes a temperature detector and a movement detector . the temperature detector has a thermistor that detects a temperature of or near a fixing member . the movement detector detects that the thermisto... | 6 |
a system that breaks calcium in a liquid includes a catheter including first and second electrodes arranged to receive there - across a high electrical voltage at an initial low current . the high electrical voltage causes an electrical arc to form across the electrodes creating a gas bubble within the liquid , a high ... | 0 |
Codes at time of first paper submission. Paper title: Sensitivity of 21st-century projected ocean new production changes to idealized biogeochemical model structure. Submitted to Biogeosciences, December 2020. | 9 |
We present a systematic analysis of the extended X-ray emission discovered around 35 FR II radio galaxies from the revised Third Cambridge Catalog (3CR) Chandra Snapshot Survey with redshifts between 0.05 and 0.9. We aimed to (i) test for the presence of extended X-ray emission around FR II radio galaxies, (ii) investi... | 9 |
the invention relates to universal serial bus circuits utilized in usb devices and usb hubs . specifically , the invention relates to circuitry used to detect whether the hub or device is connected to a usb host , i . e . to detect connection status of the device or hub . the present invention provides a usb circuit co... | 6 |
We study in detail the inner ~600 pc of the Seyfert 2 galaxy ESO 138-G001 by means of the Soar Integral Field Spectrograph attached to the SOAR telescope. This source is known for displaying a very rich coronal line spectrum and a blob of high-excitation emission ~3 arcsec south-east (SE) of the active galactic nucleus... | 9 |
We present analysis of the proper-motion (PM) field of the red clump stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) disk using the Gaia Early Data Release 3 catalog. Using a kinematic model based on old stars with 3D velocity measurements, we construct the residual PM field by subtracting the center-of-mass motion and inter... | 9 |
the present invention relates to methods and materials for recombinant adeno - associated virus production . more particularly , in some embodiments the invention contemplates the use of an adenovirus known as simian adenovirus 13 and vero cells for production of recombinant adeno - associated virus . | 2 |
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration pulses occurring at cosmological distances that have emerged as prominent cosmological probes due to their dispersion measure (DM) evolution with redshift. In this work, we use cosmography, a model-independent approach to describe the evolution of the Universe, to intro... | 9 |
buffers for driving interconnection conductors on programmable logic devices are shared between two types of uses , i . e ., to drive static programmable connections to interconnection conductors , and to drive dynamically controllable connections to other interconnection conductors . the dynamically controllable conne... | 7 |
a high - voltage transistor includes an active region including a diffused region of a first conductivity type defined by inner edges of a border of shallow trench isolation . a gate having side edges and end edges is disposed over the active region . spaced apart source and drain regions of a second conductivity type ... | 7 |
the present invention is directed to a bag - on - valve assembly comprising a valve stem and a flexible bag which is affixed to the valve stem and encapsulates a portion of said valve stem therein . the bag comprises a sealable thermoplastic film which is free of foil and is adapted to have an tensile energy to break v... | 1 |
a method and apparatus are disclosed for scrambling and descrambling an audio signal . an interference signal is generated and is intermittently , preferably pseudo - randomly , added to the program audio as a function of control information generated either by means of hardware alone or by means of software . the scra... | 7 |
The distribution of gas in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of galaxies of all types is poorly constrained. Foreground CGMs contribute an extra amount to the dispersion measure (DM) of fast radio bursts (FRBs). We measure this DM excess for the CGMs of 10<SUP>11</SUP>-10<SUP>13</SUP> M <SUB>⊙</SUB> halos using the CHIME... | 9 |
There is an overwhelming evidence that white dwarfs host planetary systems; revealed by the presence, disruption, and accretion of planetary bodies. A lower limit on the frequency of white dwarfs that host planetary material has been estimated to be ≃ 25-50 per cent; inferred from the ongoing or recent accretion of met... | 9 |
Context. Deep spectroscopic surveys with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) have revealed that some of the brightest infrared sources in the sky correspond to concentrations of submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) at high redshift. Among these, the SPT2349-56 protocluster system is amongst the most extrem... | 9 |
Recent works on three-planet mean motion resonances (MMRs) have highlighted their importance for understanding the details of the dynamics of planet formation and evolution. While the dynamics of two-planet MMRs are well understood and approximately described by a one-degree-of-freedom Hamiltonian, little is known of t... | 9 |
We investigate the diversity in the sizes and average surface densities of the neutral atomic hydrogen (H I) gas discs in $∼$ 280 nearby galaxies detected by the Widefield ASKAP L-band Legacy All-sky Blind Survey (WALLABY). We combine the uniformly observed, interferometric H I data from pilot observations of the Hydra... | 9 |
the invention relates to a system for protecting a solar module against theft or unauthorized use by an authorized consumer . said system comprises an interruption device on the solar module side and a release device on the consumer side . the interruption device transmits a first signal to the release device via a pow... | 6 |
methods for producing a digital video work to be presented in potentially viewable scenes with the ability to customize the scene sequences presented to individual viewers based upon expressed or imputed viewer preferences , and to the articles on which such work is stored and played . the content of the scene sequence... | 7 |
The compact mm-wavelength signal in the central cavity of the PDS 70 disc, revealed by deep ALMA observations, is aligned with unresolved H α emission, and is thought to stem from a circumplanetary disc (CPD) around PDS 70c. We revisit the available ALMA data on PDS 70c with alternative imaging strategies, and with spe... | 9 |
a fuel processor system capable of circulating fuel processor system gases , such as reformate , anode exhaust , and / or combustor exhaust , through the fuel processor to provide a number of distinct advantages . the fuel processor system having a plurality of fuel cells discharging an h 2 - containing anode effluent ... | 2 |
an optical pickup apparatus having laser light sources emit a first light beam having a relatively shorter wavelength for a dvd and a second light beam having a longer wavelength for a cd - r , an objective lens having a focal length of an information recording surface in the dvd , an optical path control unit controls... | 6 |
For 100 years since galaxies were found to be flying apart from each other, astronomers have been trying to determine how fast. The expansion, characterized by the Hubble constant, H0, is confused locally by peculiar velocities caused by gravitational interactions, so observers must obtain accurate distances at signifi... | 9 |
a router bit for use with earth - moving equipment such as tractor scrapers , bucket loaders and dozers , composed of two parts , one affixed permanently to the apparatus and the other , which comprises the cutting edge , separable from the former for ease of replacement when worn and ineffective , thus obviating the n... | 8 |
No description provided. | 9 |
the present invention discloses a printed circuit board . the printed circuit board is made by the method of providing a substrate ; forming a first circuit on the substrate ; depositing a thin film on the substrate ; building an electronic component on the substrate by the thin film and allowing the electronic compone... | 7 |
an improved multiple garment hanging device is for simultaneously hanging and storing several articles of clothing or the like on a clothes hanger rod , which includes a rigid bar having a plurality of holes extending therethrough for receipt of clothes hanging elements therein , a pair of hooks pivotably mounted at op... | 0 |
a clamp effort intensifier that multiplies the manual effort used for clamping vise jaws onto a workpiece through the use of a cam that actuates the vise jaws together to provide adequate clamping forces while substantially reducing the manual effort necessary to achieve a safe clamp force . the effort intensifier acts... | 1 |
a radiation energy transmission system including source collimating apparatus and its method of construction for maintaining the intensity of a radiation signal emanating from a radiation source along a narrow signal beam path to provide for long distance transmission of the collimated signal sufficiently above backgro... | 6 |
a locking mechanism for hydraulically actuated devices is disclosed herein . the mechanism includes a slotted lock shaft coaxially mounted with respect to a piston assembly , the piston assembly being disposed in a hydraulic cylinder . the lock shaft has end faces or shoulders which engage a portion of a shaft associat... | 5 |
a variable delay line using a lumped constant type electromagnetic delay line and enjoying a superhigh - speed rising characteristic is disclosed , which comprises an inductance element formed by winding a conductor and possessed of a plurality of taps , a plurality of capacitors having electrodes thereof on one side k... | 7 |
a method is provided for using an application in a mobile station . the application has a first mode of operation and a second mode of operation . the first mode of operation is passive . in the second mode of operation the application controls a master control unit of the mobile station . also provided is a system for... | 6 |
a method and apparatus are disclosed for destroying syringe needles . the apparatus has an incinerator unit into which a syringe needle may be inserted , crimped by a crimper , the needle measured between its tip and the sealing crimp , burned by passing an electric current corresponding to its measured length between ... | 0 |
an exemplary direct - type backlight module includes light sources , a frame , and a fixing member . each light source includes a supporting strip and at least one light - emitting member provided with the supporting strip . the frame includes a bottom plate . the bottom plate includes elastic members . the fixing memb... | 6 |
a housing includes a housing underpart , the housing underpart being provided with a housing cavity . the housing cavity comprises an opening on one housing side and , on the floor of the cavity , contains an electromagnetic radiation emitting semiconductor chip . a cover that is at least partially transparent to the e... | 7 |
an improvement to a bottle for storing , identifying , and dispensing liquids comprises a valve - type nozzle coupled to the outer end of the tube , a vent , and an optional identification tag . the valve - type nozzle is adjustable along a continuous range between open and closed conditions to permit dispensing of flu... | 1 |
a testing tool for verifying a reliability of robot software components is provided , and more particularly , a simulation - based interface testing automation system and method that may automatically perform a test for functions and performance of an interface with respect to robot software components are provided . t... | 6 |
1 - piperazines bearing a fluoro , chloro , methyl , nitro , hydroxy , methoxy , cyano , amino , methylamino or dimethylamino substituent in the 4 - position of the phenyl ring and being further optionally substituted in the 4 - position of the piperazine ring by tetrahydropyranyl , alkyl , formyl , carboxy , alkanoyl ... | 2 |
a communications system is designed to present a number of options to a caller who is attempting to reach a call - waiting subscriber already busy on a first call . the options are presented to the caller via an announcement that offers the caller the alternative of either sending immediately a conventional call - wait... | 7 |
a cable guide includes a hinge support having a first end and a second end , a panel hingedly connected to the hinge support and having at least one through - opening , and at least one cable connection module , having a front and a rear , mounted in the at least one through - opening , the at least one cable connectio... | 6 |
We investigate the internal kinematics of the young star-forming region NGC 346 in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). We used two epochs of deep F555W and F814W Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys observations with an 11 yr baseline to determine proper motions and study the kinematics of different populat... | 9 |
a seed metering system , for use on a row crop planter , selects individual seeds from a seed reservoir and dispenses the seeds singularly at a controlled rate . a direct drive seed metering system includes a seed disc having a plurality of suction apertures with a recessed pocket adjacent to an aperture . the recessed... | 0 |
an apparatus in the form of a trailer for handling and transporting , in a fully assembled state , a machine having a double frame such as a conventional concrete finishing machine is disclosed . the apparatus features a chassis , a scissors lift mounted on the chassis and a pair of spaced guideways for supporting a do... | 1 |
a method of forming an array of proteins selected from antigens or antibodies ; said method comprising the steps of expressing in a recombinant cell , a fusion protein which comprises either an antigen or an antibody binding protein , fused to a peptide having up to 50 amino acids , which peptide comprises amino acid s... | 2 |
a method for manufacturing a synthesized silica glass optical member , the method comprising : providing a porous silica glass body ; heating the porous silica glass body in an atmosphere containing hydrogen or oxygen , and sintering the porous silica glass body in an atmosphere containing fluorine compound . furthermo... | 2 |
an id memory part memorizes an id such as a telephone number that identifies a communicant , and a use frequency memory part memorizes a corresponding use frequency . when a communication apparatus takes a sending action , a writing part receives the id from an addressee communicant and registers it in the id memory pa... | 8 |
an energy - absorbing device in the form of a safety device against shock loads for a track - borne vehicle includes an energy - absorbing member and a mating member . the mating member co - operates with the energy - absorbing member in such a way that , if a critical shock force applied to the energy - absorbing devi... | 5 |
a method for improving surface mechanical properties of non - austenitic stainless steels comprises steps of : providing a non - austenitic stainless steel material ; placing the non - austenitic stainless steel material in an environment containing at least one austenite - stabilizing element , and implanting the aust... | 2 |
a filter head , designed to hold at least two filter elements . the filter head having a housing , into which feed channels to , and return channels from , the filter elements are integrated . a rotatable switching drum is provided for selectively opening or closing the channels to control the flow of fluid to the filt... | 5 |
We show how the local approximation of astrophysical discs, which is the basis for the well-known model of the shearing box, can be used to study many aspects of the dynamics of warped discs. In the local model, inclination of the orbit of a test particle, with respect to the reference orbit, corresponds to a vertical ... | 9 |
an integral water circulation apparatus supplies instant hot water at hot water faucets remotely located from the building water heater through a convective circulation flow of hot water from the water heater it is therefore simpler in design , less expensive to install , and more reliable than the more complex prior a... | 8 |
the present invention provides a ballast circuit powered by a system power source . the ballast , in operative connection with the system power source , is an inverting type of ballast designed to generate an asymmetric alternating lamp input current on a lamp input line . further , a gas discharge lamp is in operative... | 7 |
an electrolyzer cell is disclosed which includes a cathode to reduce an oxygen - containing molecule , such as h2o , co2 , or a combination thereof , to produce an oxygen ion and a fuel molecule , such as h2 , co , or a combination thereof . an electrolyte is coupled to the cathode to transport the oxygen ion to an ano... | 7 |
the present invention provides an apparatus and method for connecting an array of cables to a circuit board . | 7 |
the description relates to a device for the regulation of the amount of a medium in a heating or cooling system , comprising a combined valve , which in one and the same valve housing includes one part for pressure difference regulation and one part for flow limitation , the flow being limited in a stepless , adjustabl... | 5 |
a defibrillator for permanent external application to a patient , with a protective shell arrangement receiving a base unit with defibrillator components , an electrode arrangement connected or connectable to the shell arrangement , and a support device . an ergonomic adaptation to the person wearing the defibrillator ... | 0 |
circuits , methods , and apparatus that provide for partial texture load instructions . instead of one instruction that may take several shader passes to complete , several instructions are issued , where each instruction is an instruction to retrieve a part or portion of a texture . while each instruction is performed... | 6 |
a method for improving characteristics of acoustic and vibration transducers , including integrated microphones and integrated transducers of vibrations , is disclosed . the method consists in the use of a low - fidelity acoustic or vibration transducer for converting an acoustic signal into an analog electrical signal... | 7 |
a high resolution field emission display includes a faceplate and a baseplate . the faceplate includes a transparent viewing layer , a transparent conductive layer formed on the transparent viewing layer and intersecting stripes of light - absorbing , opaque insulating material formed on the transparent conductive laye... | 7 |
an article of sport footwear with a shell formed with two , respectively forward and rearward , longitudinally opposite openings which extend from a shell entrance and identify two lateral sides , with a bootleg pivoted on the shell and at least one fastening device bridging the corresponding opening and being adjustab... | 0 |
a vertical gan - based led and a method of manufacturing the same are provided . the vertical gan - based led can prevent the damage of an n - type gan layer contacting an n - type electrode , thereby stably securing the contact resistance of the n - electrode . the vertical gan - based led includes : a support layer ;... | 7 |
Outflows in starburst galaxies driven by thermal-mechanical energy, cosmic rays, and their mix are investigated with 1D and 2D hydrodynamic simulations. We show that these outflows could reach a stationary state, after which their hydrodynamic profiles asymptotically approach previous results obtained semi-analytically... | 9 |
Context. Pulsation frequencies reveal the interior structures of white dwarf stars, shedding light on the properties of these compact objects that represent the final evolutionary stage of most stars. Two-minute cadence photometry from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) records pulsation signatures from b... | 9 |
disclosed is a luminescence measuring method which can produce a luminous intensity depending on the amount of a substance to be measured even when the substance occurs in a biological sample in an amount equal to or more than a given amount , and which can achieve quantitative measurement . the method is characterized... | 6 |
a method comprising the steps of creating a random permutation of data from a data input by executing at least one of a pseudo - random permutation and a pseudo - random function , creating a first data block by combining the random permutation of data with a received second data block and executing an ε - differential... | 7 |
a reducing gas stream containing hydrogen , carbon monoxide and water , as steam , is passed through a molten sulfur to vaporize sulfur . the gas stream containing the vaporized sulfur is passed through a catalytic conversion zone where at a controlled temperature of from about 500 ° to about 800 ° f sulfur is converte... | 2 |
We report the systematic analysis of the X-ray observations of the ultraluminous X-ray source <ASTROBJ>XMMU J122939.7+075333</ASTROBJ> located in the globular cluster <ASTROBJ>RZ 2109</ASTROBJ> in the Virgo galaxy <ASTROBJ>NGC 4472</ASTROBJ>. The inclusion of observations and time intervals ignored in previous works an... | 9 |
a dynamic logic gate includes a precharge device for precharging the logic gate in synchronism with a clock ; a partial logic gate arranged such that , depending on the logic states of the logic inputs , current is allowed to flow between its two terminals or is cut off ; a bipolar transistor whose emitter is grounded ... | 7 |
a method and apparatus is disclosed for flowing a sample gas and a reactant gas past a corona discharge electrode situated at a first location in an ion drift chamber , applying a pulsed voltage waveform comprising a varying pulse component and a dc bias component to the corona discharge electrode to cause a corona whi... | 6 |
the present invention provides fast read performance for accessing a file from a multiplicity of files when its corresponding block id is unavailable , by furnishing new file - positioning commands , allowing access to data based on file number , at the same fast locate speed as with block ids , thereby expanding the r... | 8 |
The source GJ1132 is a nearby red dwarf known to host a transiting Earth-size planet. After its initial detection, we pursued an intense follow-up with the HARPS velocimeter. We now confirm the detection of GJ1132b with radial velocities alone. We refined its orbital parameters, and in particular, its mass (m<SUB>b</SU... | 9 |
a semiconductor substrate may be formed by providing an providing a semiconductor - on - insulator substrate including a base semiconductor layer , a buried insulator layer above the base semiconductor layer , and a soi layer comprising a first semiconductor material above the buried insulator layer ; forming an isolat... | 7 |
a method and system for automatically activating a train warning device that uses a positioning system such as a global positioning system receiver or an inertial navigation system to determine the train &# 39 ; s position . the system further includes a database containing locations of grade crossings and other locati... | 1 |
an image forming apparatus configured to execute image forming process by using hardware resources . the image forming apparatus includes a processor that executes application software including an image forming process , the application software causing display of one or more display screens . the image forming appara... | 6 |
The open cluster NGC 6791 is among the oldest, most massive, and metal-rich open clusters in the Galaxy. High-resolution H-band spectra from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) of 11 red giants in NGC 6791 are analyzed for their chemical abundances of iron, oxygen, and sodium. The abunda... | 9 |
a method includes , in a processor , loading / moving a first portion of bits of a source into a first portion of a destination register and duplicate that first portion of bits in a subsequent portion of the destination register . | 6 |
The formation of hot stars out of the cold interstellar medium lies at the heart of astrophysical research. Understanding the importance of magnetic fields during star formation remains a major challenge. With the advent of the Atacama Large Millimeter Array, the potential to study magnetic fields by polarization obser... | 9 |
an apparatus and method for imparting an angularly rotational movement . the apparatus includes a cylinder having an internal portion , a rod operatively positioned within the internal portion of the cylinder , a first bearing operatively positioned about rod ; a second unidirectional bearing operatively positioned abo... | 8 |
Context. The ESA Gaia mission provides a unique time-domain survey for more than 1.6 billion sources with G ≲ 21 mag. <BR /> Aims: We showcase stellar variability in the Galactic colour-absolute magnitude diagram (CaMD). We focus on pulsating, eruptive, and cataclysmic variables, as well as on stars that exhibit variab... | 9 |
an electromagnetic contactor comprising a housing , the housing being adapted to receive internally thereof a stationary armature , a coil subassembly , return springs , and a block subassembly , the block subassembly comprising a block adapted to receive terminals and a carrier subassembly , the carrier subassembly co... | 7 |
a method and apparatus executes a printing job on a plurality of printer facilities by dividing the printing job into partial jobs and selectively assigning each partial job to a respective printer facility . the assigning of the partial jobs to the printer facilities attains an improved throughput for the printing job... | 6 |
apparatus for aligning large planar workpieces on a feed table wherein a plurality of pivoted arms are provided which are biased to a raised pivotal position to engage the edge of a workpiece , with the arms being urged to a lowered pivotal position by the weight of a workpiece resting thereon so that lateral movement ... | 8 |
new crosslinked 1 , 2 , 4 - oxadiazole elastomers have been prepared by thermally condensing monomer having the formula h 2 nc - r - q , wherein q is a triazine ring - forming group such as nitrile or amidine , or a mixture of said monomer with rnh 2 ] 2 , with r in these formulas standing for a bivalent organic radica... | 2 |
a process is disclosed in which a rectangular spacer frame for insulating glass is automatically manufactured in that a tubular bar is repeatedly bent in a common bending plane and its free ends are joined . one or both end portions of the tubular bar are deflected out of the bending plane during the final bending oper... | 1 |
apparatus and methods include a first data communication link between a sensor and an internet communication interface or device . the cellular telephone can provide an always - on link to a network such as the internet , on which websites and related hardware and software tools can permit ready and virtually unlimited... | 7 |
adsorbents , which are suitable for the affinity chromatography of proteins , especially of interferons , and which consist of an electroneutral carrier matrix , -- o -- ch 2 -- ch -- ch 2 -- nh - groups as the spacer and a triazine coloring substance bonded to the spacer . | 8 |
a hydrodynamically streamlined , towable sonar apparatus is described charerized by a housing , including a central frame having a circular planar web portion from which extend a plurality of annular coaxial ribs which cooperate with similar ribs extending inwardly from top and bottom concavo - convex cover members to ... | 6 |
a switchgear has an interrupter unit that includes an arc gap . a first and a second switching contact piece are movable relative to one another . a switching - gas duct originates in the arc gap and connects the arc gap to the surroundings of the interrupter unit . a hollow vessel arrangement delimits at least some se... | 7 |
a fuel supplying system of a liquid propane injection engine , may include a fuel tank for storing fuel , a main fuel pump connected to the fuel tank and disposed at the exterior of the fuel tank , a fuel supply line connecting the main fuel pump and the engine to supply fuel from the main fuel pump to the engine , and... | 5 |
Initial release of SACTOOLS repository. This is a group of stand-alone tools that act on Seismic Analysis Code (SAC) formatted files. This group of tools deals with conversion of SAC files back and forth between SAC and ASCII files, retrieving header information from SAC files on the command line, and same basic tasks ... | 9 |
a process for fabricating mosfet devices , using a local interconnect structure , and silicon nitride capped , self - aligned contact openings , has been developed . the process features the creation of self - aligned contact openings , exposing specific source and drain regions . after deposition of a composite insula... | 7 |
an algorithm , and methodology for its application , useful in digital computer systems incorporating read - modify - write data storage systems to accurately identify rewritten data which has been determined bad before being rewritten . | 6 |
a composition and method for providing a wear - resistant and fuel - saving coating on metals , particularly metal surfaces within internal combustion engines . a source of ammonium ions , an alkali metal in an aqueous medium , and the coating metal to be applied to the surface are combined to produce an electrolyte so... | 2 |
The existence of ionized X-ray absorbing layers of gas along the line of sight to the nuclei of Seyfert galaxies is a well established observational fact. This material is systematically outflowing and shows a large range in parameters. However, its actual nature and dynamics are still not clear. In order to gain insig... | 9 |
an integrated device includes a redundant bond pad for accessing internal circuitry in the event that the main bond pad for that circuitry is difficult to access with testing equipment . signals from the redundant bond pad are biased to ground during normal operations of the integrated device . in order to test the rel... | 6 |
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