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a composition for deicing or inhibiting formation of ice includes waste material from a fermentation process for producing an amino acid from a carbohydrate source , and at least some second anti - freezing and deicing agent or a carrier . the active agent is waste material from a fermentation process for producing an amino acid from a carbohydrate source . the carrier may be water . a method for deicing an icy surface includes applying to that surface an effective amount of waste material from a fermentation process for producing an amino acid from a carbohydrate source . | 2 |
a process of molding a component on a substrate utilizes a substrate having a peripheral flange that projects into a parting line between mold segments defining a mold cavity , wherein the flange has a projecting , continuous circuitous ridge that forms a seal between the substrate and an upper mold segment . the process allows a substantially flash free molded component to be formed directly on a substrate , thus eliminating the need for a separate flash removal step . | 1 |
according to the present invention the magnifier lens comprises two lens elements . more specifically , from a front , eye side to a rear , object side there is a front , positive lens element , and a rear , meniscus lens element . the front , positive power lens element has at least one aspheric surface and an abbe v - number v 1 . the rear , meniscus lens element has an abbe v - number v 2 . the front and the rear lens elements , in combination , contain at least one diffractive surface . the rear , meniscus lens element has front and rear refractive surfaces , both of which are concave toward the object side . the rear refractive surface is positionable within 5 mm of an associated object to be viewed from the eye side . this rear surface is an aspheric surface of negative refractive power . the abbe v - numbers satisfy the following inequalities 50 . 4 & lt ; v 1 & lt ; 65 , 25 . 4 & lt ; v 2 & lt ; 40 , and v 1 - v 2 & gt ; 25 . | 6 |
a phase comparison circuit includes phase comparison device for generating an output signal corresponding to the difference in phase between a first input signal and a second input signal . the phase comparison device has an active mode , and a standby mode in which power consumption is reduced . a phase - difference detecting device is connected to the phase comparison device for outputting a control signal when the phase difference between the first and second input signals is smaller than a predetermined value . the phase comparison device is switched from the standby mode to the active mode in response to the control signal . | 7 |
Simplifying data curation for researchers funded by the NIH SPARC initiative | 9 |
a computerized system for a digital method for the detection of fraud and / or anomalous transactions is disclosed based on a novel statistical interpretation of benford &# 39 ; s law and a unique set of computer implementations outlining the development of digital distributions from the low - value region on the left of a given data set to the high - value region on the right . a division into sub - intervals of the entire data set along adjacent integral powers of ten suggested in the method provides the unique manner of visualizing and computer output actualization of the gradual evolution of digital distribution from near digital equality on the left to severe inequality on the right . the method provides a venue for detecting fraud committed by the sophisticated cheater well - aware of benford &# 39 ; s law but inventing data without regards to development . experimental results consistently demonstrate the effectiveness of the techniques used in embodiments of the invention . | 6 |
a record cleaning device for cleaning , conditioning and rendering the surface of a phonograph record substantially static - free is disclosed . the device comprises an elongated arm member having a cleaning brush disposed on one side thereof . the cleaning brush is adapted to engage and clean the surface of a record so as to remove dirt and other undesirable material therefrom . a valve is disposed on the other side of the arm member for regulating the flow of a cleaning fluid through the arm member and to the cleaning brush . in this manner , cleaning , as well as conditioning of the phonograph record is achieved . further , it has been found that the device applies the cleaning fluid in such a manner as to render the surface of the record substantially static - free . a rotatable member is also coupled to the arm member adjacent the valve such that the device can be selectively rotated about the record to be cleaned in an easy and efficient manner . by use of the device of the present invention , phonograph records of varying sizes can be efficiently cleaned , conditioned and rendered substantially static - free . | 6 |
a hosiery displaying device comprises a main body with a hosiery attachment region defined by a multiplicity of openings in a grid - like array through the main body , each opening being configured to receive therethrough a fastener for securing a hosiery article . a hook - shaped hanger portion extends from one longitudinal side of the main body for hanging the device from a retail display fixture and a u - shaped stabilizing portion extends from the opposite longitudinal side of the main body for supporting engagement with hosiery articles secured thereto . | 1 |
Time delays between the multiple images of strongly gravitationally lensed Type Ia supernovae (glSNe Ia) have the potential to deliver precise cosmological constraints, but the effects of microlensing on time delay extraction have not been studied in detail. Here we quantify the effect of microlensing on the glSN Ia yield of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) and the effect of microlensing on the precision and accuracy of time delays that can be extracted from LSST glSNe Ia. Microlensing has a negligible effect on the LSST glSN Ia yield, but it can be increased by a factor of ∼2 over previous predictions to 930 systems using a novel photometric identification technique based on spectral template fitting. Crucially, the microlensing of glSNe Ia is achromatic until three rest-frame weeks after the explosion, making the early-time color curves microlensing-insensitive time delay indicators. By fitting simulated flux and color observations of microlensed glSNe Ia with their underlying, unlensed spectral templates, we forecast the distribution of absolute time delay error due to microlensing for LSST, which is unbiased at the sub-percent level and peaked at 1% for color curve observations in the achromatic phase, while for light-curve observations it is comparable to state-of-the-art mass modeling uncertainties (4%). About 70% of LSST glSN Ia images should be discovered during the achromatic phase, indicating that microlensing time delay uncertainties can be minimized if prompt multicolor follow-up observations are obtained. Accounting for microlensing, the 1-2 day time delay on the recently discovered glSN Ia iPTF16geu can be measured to 40% precision, limiting its cosmological utility. | 9 |
a fuel cell stack comprises a plurality of planar fuel cells in a spiral configuration . the fuel cells angularly offset from one another such that immediately adjacent cells only partially overlap one another . the cells are preferably of the unitized type . a manifold assembly is operatively adjacent to the fuel cells . the manifold assembly includes an inlet manifold and an outlet manifold for each of the gases that are in communication with the fuel cells . the unitized solid oxide fuel cell comprises a first planar interconnect , a planar ceramic cell adjacent the first planar interconnect , a second planar interconnect adjacent the opposite side of the planar ceramic cell , and a plurality of gas tubes adjacent the planar ceramic cell . the gas tubes are arranged to a first configuration , a second configuration , a third configuration and a fourth configuration with a cylindrical gas tube shape and a t - shape gas tube designs . these configurations provide a choice of co - flow , cross flow or counter flow patterns inside the cell to improve the thermal management and cell efficiency and provide more flexibilities to connect a manifold assembly . they also provide an option to directly combust the spent fuel just outside the fuel cell to eliminate a separate burner for residual energy recovery . these configurations thus provide means for improved fuel cell power system efficiency and lowered capital and operational costs . | 7 |
a method and system are disclosed to enable and control power reduction in a blade / chassis system . a “ maximum power reduction ” attribute is stored in the vpd of the blade . the management module of the chassis in which the blades and power supplies are located uses this information to manage the power reduction of blades when the system is operating in an over - subscription mode and a power supply fails . if throttling is required , the system knows the amount of power reduction available for each blade and controls the throttling by spreading it out among the blades in the system so that , ideally , no blade will cease operation altogether . | 6 |
there is disclosed apparatus for socketing and testing integrated circuits , particularly rf and high - frequency integrated circuits in high density and fine pitch packages , and methods of operating the same . an exemplary apparatus includes an air machine and a housing . the housing includes a universal printed circuit board that is operable to receive a device under test , a controller that is operable to control testing of the received device under test , and a power supply . the housing and the air machine are associable to form an at least substantially air - tight chamber ensconcing the received device under test . | 6 |
a door socket cover serves to substantially improve the reliability of the door socket assembly . a door socket cover is mounted on top of a door socket on the door frame . the cover is a single sheet of metal which wraps around the door frame to reinforce and stabilize the socket assembly . | 4 |
coal is first fed into the oven chamber through a plurality of first filling units of a charging truck into first filling openings until the bases of the resultant cone - shaped charges are approximately in contact . thereafter , coal is fed through a plurality of second filling units of the charging truck into a plurality of second filling openings positioned between adjacent first filling openings . the above operations are repeated until the oven chamber is filled . the coarser coal is thus distributed in a plurality of diagonal layers in the oven chamber . filling gas is removed from the oven chamber during feeding through filling openings and filling units of the charging which are not being employed for feeding . | 2 |
the test system of the invention uses suppressed ringing connections from a test unit to the customer premise equipment via the central office to establish connections for performing the loop - back test . the suppressed ringing connections are established over standard voice trunks between a switch in the central office and the test unit by a central office service unit such that the number of lines that can be tested simultaneously is limited only by the number of trunks linking the cosu to a switch . because these trunks are relatively inexpensive and simple to install and maintain , the test system of the invention can be readily installed and expanded in the existing network to provide virtually any level of monitoring capability . | 7 |
the invention concerns an angle sensor and a method of measuring an angle of a magnetic field . the angle sensor is configured to measure a direction of a magnetic field in a plane , comprising a first magnetic field sensor having a first sensitivity direction and delivering a first voltage , a second magnetic field sensor having a second sensitivity direction and delivering a second voltage , a first current source supplying a first biasing current to the first magnetic field sensor , a second current source supplying a second biasing current to the second magnetic field sensor , and electronic circuitry configured to adjust the first biasing current and the second biasing current in such a manner that a sum of the first voltage and the second voltage equals 0 . | 6 |
a third - party application running on a client device sends a request for a user &# 39 ; s profile information to a local social networking application running on the client device . the local social networking application sends to the request to the social networking system , receives the requested information from the social networking systems , and provides the requested information to the third - party application . the third - party application uses at least a portion of the requested information to personalize its content for the user . in this way , the third - party application has a simple mechanism for incorporating personalized content for the user based on social information , without requiring the third - party application itself to maintain or even have access to the user &# 39 ; s social information . | 6 |
provided herein are catalysts useful in the curing of cementitious mixtures , which catalysts comprise one or more alkylene carbonates in combination with glycerin carbonate . through use of a catalyst according to the present invention , cementitious mixtures containing sodium silicate may be cured at low temperatures because the catalysts of the invention function well at low temperatures , even though they contain ethylene carbonate , a material whose melting point of 36 ° c . otherwise precludes its use as a cure accelerant for silicates . fig . 1 is a graphical representation of the results shown in table ii . | 2 |
a rotating x - ray tube comprises a cathode assembly including a cathode and a cathode current supply , and an anode assembly having an anode current controlled via the cathode current supply . a filament for emitting electrons is separated from the cathode . a cathode cup supports the filament and provides electron field shaping assistance . the x - ray tube further comprises a distributed capacitance for affecting the cathode cup electron field , and an insulator leakage resistance . the cathode cup is allowed to float on the insulator leakage resistance , whereby voltage associated with the distributed capacitance and the leakage resistance is allowed to remain relatively constant . | 7 |
a floor liner includes a layer of coated kraft paper and a layer of nonwoven fabric , the layers being adhesively bonded together . cut - outs are formed in the liner . the liner occupies the space beneath a piece of kitchen equipment , and absorbs spills and grease from such equipment . the liner can be removed and replaced , without disturbing the kitchen equipment . a plurality of metal tracks may be laid on top of the liner , to facilitate movement of the kitchen equipment onto , or away from , the liner . | 1 |
a method of presenting an item from a menu of an ivr system for selection is provided , comprising presenting the item to a caller , presenting an audio space to the caller , and detecting any of a number of inputs from an input device during the presentation of the item and the audio space to indicate the selection of the item by the caller . | 7 |
a method of operatively combining a plurality of components to form a land grid array interposer structure , including an electrically insulating carrier plane , and at least one interposer mounted on a first surface of said carrier plane . the interposer possesses a hemi - toroidal configuration in transverse cross - section and is constituted of a dielectric elastomeric material . a plurality of electrically - conductive elements are arranged about the surface of the at least one hemi - toroidal interposer and extend radically inwardly and downwardly from an uppermost end thereof into electrical contact with at least one component located on an opposite side of the electrically insulating carrier plane . | 7 |
a system and method of avoiding preservation of files deleted in a flash memory by indicating deletion in a file indication map without modifying an associated block allocation map controls transfer of files from a full flash memory erase unit to a transfer flash memory erase unit . modified file indication maps are compared with prior file indication maps to establish file deletion and to control modification of an associated block allocation map . the prior file indication map in flash memory is updated after comparison is completed . | 6 |
a connecting arrangement is provided for connecting at least two body components of a motor vehicle . the connecting arrangement includes , but is not limited to a pulling device , an elastic clamping element and a pressure distributor provided with a passage opening , which pressure distributor with its passage opening , can be supportingly brought to bear against a surface portion of the body component overlapping with a passage opening of the body component and the clamping element can be interactingly arranged on an outside of the pressure distributor facing away from the body component with the pulling device extending through the passage openings of the body component and of the pressure distributor . | 8 |
the invention relates to a dynamic browser interface that is designed to increase information search speed and capability and to and make said search more intuitive . the inventive interface comprises three basic elements : a multidimensional arrangement and presentation system that is used to generate the navigation map : and to represent the following items on said navigation map : the information access nodes ; the multiple categories which are associated with each of said nodes ; the sensory designs such that each node is associated with the corresponding categories thereof and the symbols of the operators on said nodes and categories . a system for pre - selecting and visually searching for information that is designed to provide operators with means for pre - selecting the desired nodes and categories and a system for presenting the requested information that provides the user with the information found a new navigation map , or a combination of both . | 6 |
Sites associated with serpentinization processes, both on Earth and throughout the Solar System, are becoming increasingly compelling for the study of habitability and astrobiology. The co-occurrence of serpentine, Mg-carbonate, and talc/saponite on Mars is most like terrestrial sites where this mineral suite is produced in low-temperature serpentinizing environments, and where on Earth these reactions support biological activity. This study aims to understand the global distribution of minerals associated with serpentinization. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) spectral dataset using factor analysis and target transformation methods to efficiently parse through the large quantity of data. These methods allow for the rapid analysis of thousands of images and provide a quantitative means to determine the significant spectral constituents of an image. These methods were used to produce a global distribution map of CRISM images with a significant likelihood of containing the spectral types of interest. Previous detections of serpentine using traditional CRISM analysis techniques were typically corroborated and additional detections were identified in isolated locations across the martian southern highlands. Most serpentine across Mars is associated with another Fe/Mg-phyllosilicate phase like talc and/or saponite. Except for in the Nili Fossae region, serpentine shows no clear relationship with ultramafic bedrock or with the other mineral phases investigated (Mg-carbonate and talc/saponite). Most serpentine detections were found in isolated exposures, associated with crater ejecta, knobby terrain, or as part of discontinuous layers in crater or valley walls. Nili Fossae shows more pervasive and extensive detections of a serpentine + phyllosilicate endmember than previously recognized, particularly in the eastern portion of Nili Fossae where the highest concentration of olivine-rich basalts is located. These findings imply that large, regional-scale near surface serpentinizing systems were likely rare on Mars. However, low-concentration serpentine detections across the southern highlands do suggest more pervasive serpentinization early in Mars history, when the planet was more geologically active. | 9 |
the present disclosure describes techniques for generating new product codes to add to an affiliate site using automatic keyword selection from content on an affiliate site . in one scenario , a program is launched which automatically identifies words on an existing affiliate website . a keyword list is generated from these words . the keyword list is then uses to search one or more vendor websites for products offered for sale relating to the keyword list . a large number of product codes are returned , each including graphic data and descriptive text for products obtained in the search of the vendor website along with a link to the vendor website . the products codes are displayed in a user friendly manner that allows them to be selected , de - selected , and / or updated so as to produce a list of selected product codes which are then available to be directly transferred / added to the affiliate site without having to do a new search or exit the browser . | 6 |
Context. Transport processes occurring in the radiative interior of solar-type stars are evidenced by the surface variation of light elements, in particular <SUP>7</SUP>Li, and the evolution of their rotation rates. For the Sun, inversions of helioseismic data indicate that the radial profile of angular velocity in its radiative zone is nearly uniform, which implies the existence of angular momentum transport mechanisms that are efficient over evolutionary timescales. While there are many independent transport models for angular momentum and chemical species, there is a lack of self-consistent theories that permit stellar evolution models to simultaneously match the present-day observations of solar lithium abundances and radial rotation profiles. <BR /> Aims: We explore how additional transport processes can improve the agreement between evolutionary models of rotating stars and observations for <SUP>7</SUP>Li depletion, the rotation evolution of solar-type stars, and the solar rotation profile. <BR /> Methods: Models of solar-type stars are computed including atomic diffusion and rotation-induced mixing with the code STAREVOL. We explore different additional transport processes for chemicals and for angular momentum such as penetrative convection, tachocline mixing, and additional turbulence. We constrain the resulting models by simultaneously using the evolution of the surface rotation rate and <SUP>7</SUP>Li abundance in the solar-type stars of open clusters with different ages, and the solar surface and internal rotation profile as inverted from helioseismology when our models reach the age of the Sun. <BR /> Results: We show the relevance of penetrative convection for the depletion of <SUP>7</SUP>Li in pre-main sequence and early main sequence stars. The rotational dependence of the depth of penetrative convection yields an anti-correlation between the initial rotation rate and <SUP>7</SUP>Li depletion in our models of solar-type stars that is in agreement with the observed trend. Simultaneously, the addition of an ad hoc vertical viscosity ν<SUB>add</SUB> leads to efficient transport of angular momentum between the core and the envelope during the main sequence evolution and to solar-type models that match the observed profile of the Sun. We also self-consistently compute for the first time the thickness of the tachocline and find that it is compatible with helioseismic estimations at the age of the Sun, but we highlight that the associated turbulence does not allow the observed <SUP>7</SUP>Li depletion to be reproduced. The main sequence depletion of <SUP>7</SUP>Li in solar-type stars is only reproduced when adding a parametric turbulent mixing below the convective envelope. <BR /> Conclusions: The need for additional transport processes in stellar evolution models for both chemicals and angular momentum in addition to atomic diffusion, meridional circulation, and turbulent shear is confirmed. We identify the rotational dependence of the penetrative convection as a key process. Two additional and distinct parametric turbulent mixing processes (one for angular momentum and one for chemicals) are required to simultaneously explain the observed surface <SUP>7</SUP>Li depletion and the solar internal rotation profile. We highlight the need of additional constraints for the internal rotation of young solar-type stars and also for the beryllium abundances of open clusters in order to test our predictions. | 9 |
Surfaces of the Sun and other cool stars are filled with magnetic fields, which are either seen as dark compact spots or more diffuse bright structures like faculae. Both hamper detection and characterization of exoplanets, affecting stellar brightness and spectra, as well as transmission spectra. However, the expected facular and spot signals in stellar data are quite different, for instance, they have distinct temporal and spectral profiles. Consequently, corrections of stellar data for magnetic activity can greatly benefit from the insight on whether the stellar signal is dominated by spots or faculae. Here, we utilize a surface flux transport model to show that more effective cancellation of diffuse magnetic flux associated with faculae leads to spot area coverages increasing faster with stellar magnetic activity than that by faculae. Our calculations explain the observed dependence between solar spot and facular area coverages and allow its extension to stars that are more active than the Sun. This extension enables anticipating the properties of stellar signal and its more reliable mitigation, leading to a more accurate characterization of exoplanets and their atmospheres. | 9 |
a touchpad having a plurality of distinct zones , wherein movement of a user &# 39 ; s finger on the surface of the touchpad between zones , the act of lifting a finger off of the touchpad surface , the act of placing a finger on the touchpad surface , and the movement of a specific pattern of a finger within a single zone are all actions that will generate characters that are transmitted from the touchpad to a receiving device . a small number of movements of a finger across the touchpad are thus capable of generating a large number of characters for use in a password or code , and thereby take advantage of the security benefits that can be achieved , but without having to memorize the exact password , but only a few movements of a finger or stylus . | 6 |
a kit for modifying a digging bucket for controlling the depth cut , including an elongated member operationally connectable to a hoe bucket defining a cutting edge , an actuator operationally connectable to the elongated member , an electronic controller operationally connectable to the actuator , and a position sensor operationally connectable to the cutting edge and operationally connectable to the electronic controller . the actuator may be energized to pivot the elongated member to a position adjacent the cutting edge for engaging ground . positioning of the elongated member adjacent the cutting edge prevents the cutting edge from digging ground . | 4 |
the invention relates to a method and apparatus for achieving maximal coding gain for audio transmission . more particularly , at a chosen sample rate and frequency range value , an audio input signal is downsampled to the sample rate , encoded and transmitted at a given bit rate . at the receiving end , the downsampled signal is decoded and upsampled to the original or other suitable sample rate . the upsampled signal is then audibly output . since resampling ratios using “ small ” numbers prove to be more computationally efficient , this method and apparatus supports resampling ratios which imply both standard and non - standard sampling ratios in the codec . | 6 |
a method and apparatus for improving the flow of a powder from a source , such as a large hopper , to the intake of a conventional machine wherein such powder is compressed into tablets . devices are arranged along the route of powder flow so as to restrict , decelerate and depressurize such powder flow and thereby prevent its surging , compaction and / or bridging . these devices are also arranged to maintain the powder in a loose condition of uniform density . in the preferred embodiments , said devices include most or all of a return duct to the powder source , an upper filter to atmosphere , an upper baffle against which the powder is directed , a restriction , an elongated powder tube through which the powder flows , a lower baffle and a final pressure relief filter to atmosphere . mechanism in the tableting machine receives the thusly prepared powder and forms it into tablets much faster than previously possible . also , said devices increase substantially the range of materials , including powders and granules , which can be compressed into tablets . | 0 |
a semiconductor component includes a semiconductor body having a substrate of a first conduction type and a first layer of a second conduction type that is located above the substrate . a channel zone of the first conduction type is formed in the first layer . a first terminal zone of the second conduction type is configured adjacent the channel zone . a second terminal zone of the first conduction type is formed in the first layer . compensation zones of the first conduction type are formed in the first layer . a second layer of the second conduction type is configured between the substrate and the compensation zones . | 7 |
a method , apparatus , and computer program are provided for correcting the voltage across a thin oxide complementary metal - oxide semiconductor capacitor . due to ever - decreasing thicknesses of capacitors in cmos applications , leakage through the capacitor by electron tunneling and impurities has become a significant problem . for example , in phased lock loops , leaky capacitors can cause static phase errors . to combat the problem , a scaled capacitor and current mirrors are used to provide a correction current to a leaky capacitor to maintain a proper voltages . | 7 |
dynamic signup is an expert system that allows one to register at multiple web sites or real - world businesses from a single , dynamically - generated registration form . registration information from each selected site or business is collected and harmonized so that redundancy is eliminated . since the same information is listed only once , the user is able to speed up the registration process and achieve economies of scale . | 6 |
Monoceros R2 (Mon R2) is one of the closest large active star-forming regions. This extremely young and partially embedded region provides an excellent laboratory for studying star formation and the early evolution of young stellar objects (YSOs). In this paper, we conduct an optical study of the greater Mon R2 region. Beginning with 1690 previously identified candidate YSOs, we used 496 sources with good proper motions and parallaxes from Gaia Data Release (DR) 3 to determine the astrometric properties for likely members of Mon R2. We then used both astrometric and photometric (isochronal and variability) criteria to determine that 308 of these stars are highly probable members. Using the same criteria, we considered a broad area search around Mon R2 in Gaia DR3 and separated candidate members from field stars. In total, we selected 651 likely new cluster members that had been missed in the previous X-ray and infrared excess selection techniques used in the past to establish cluster membership. Revised astrometric properties of the cluster were found using the combined sample of ∼959 highly probable member stars. For the literature plus the new candidate member list, optical light curves were compiled from the Zwicky Transient Facility. For 470 identified variable sources, we attempted classification based on the flux asymmetry (M) and quasiperiodicity (Q) metrics. We find that Mon R2 is dominated by quasiperiodic symmetric variables, with aperiodic sources also a significant population. A few tens of large-amplitude variables are identified that may be of interest for further study. | 9 |
multilayered resist structures including bilayer and top surface imaging which utilize tuned underlayers functioning as arcs , planarizing layers , and etch resistant hard masks whose properties such as optical , chemical and physical properties are tailored to give a multilayer resist structure exhibiting high resolution , residue free lithography and methods of preparing these materials . | 6 |
to provide an image forming method that includes supplying a toner to a developing roller using a toner supplying roller , and forming an image by the use of a one - component developer , wherein the toner supplying roller contains a polyurethane foam and is 5 mm to 12 mm in diameter , the polyurethane foam has an repulsion force of 100 g / mm to 400 g / mm , and the average cell diameter , or dc , of the polyurethane foam and the volume average particle diameter , or dt , of the toner satisfy the following mathematical expressions : 4 ≦ dt ≦ 10 30 dt + 50 ≦ dc ≦ 30 dt + 300 where dt and dc are in micrometer . | 6 |
a camera converter is disclosed . the camera converter includes a number electronic components that operate to selectively generate digital still images responsive to user controls using video signals received from a removably attached video conferencing camera , which includes a lens and a first communication interface . the camera further includes a housing that operates to enclose the electronic components , and to removably accept the video conferencing camera . the housing in particular includes a view finder that is optically coordinated with the lens of the video conferencing camera , a second communication interface that mates with the first communication interface of the video conferencing camera , and user input mechanisms for providing said user controls . | 7 |
a grinding wheel dressing apparatus including a housing , a dresser shaft rotatably mounted on the housing and having one end adapted for connection to a drive shaft and an opposite end adapted to receive a dresser wheel , and an acoustic sensor retained by the housing and adapted to detect acoustic signals produced by contact between the rotating dresser wheel and a grinding wheel being dressed thereby . | 1 |
a motorcycle fork rake extension kit provides an increased fork rake without welding and maintains a favorable trail . the extension kit includes an upper adapter block fixedly attached to an upper end of a steering head of a motorcycle frame and a lower adapter block fixedly attached to a lower end of the steering head of the motorcycle frame . triple trees are rotatably attached to triple tree ends of the adapter blocks through steering head bearings . the triple tree ends of the adapter blocks are spaced away from the frame , the lower adapter block having a greater spacing to increase fork rake . the lower triple tree may further space the fork tubes forward to further increase fork rake . in a preferred embodiment , approximately 45 degrees of rake is provided with favorable trail . | 1 |
a method and architecture for efficiently solving complex distributed problems uses coevolutionary agents incorporating evolutionary algorithms located at different nodes in a distributed network . the coevolutionary agents conduct localized database searches and evolve at their respective nodes while sharing information with other coevolutionary agents working the same problem . results or solutions to the problem posed are available at each network node containing a coevolutionary agent working the problem . | 6 |
provided is a system capable of efficiently providing education to busy persons ; for example , medical practitioners working at medical care facilities , without placing any burden space - wise or time - wise . a network system in which a terminal 20 comprising a communication unit and an education system server 10 are connected communicably via a network , wherein the terminal 20 has an education implementation unit having a function of displaying a question and processing an answer to this question , and a communication control unit for transmitting to the education system server the result of the processed answer to the question ; and the education system server 10 has a test result storage unit for storing by participant the processed result of the answer received , and a test result editing unit for appropriately editing and outputting the test results in accordance with the request from the terminal . | 6 |
a locking bolt is provided in a mount for receiving a gun barrel or other article . the locking bolt can be cammed relative to the mount from its normally locked position to an unlocked position to permit release of the gun barrel from the mount . the locking bolt is cammed to its unlocked position in response to direct engagement with a key inserted into an interior region of the mount and rotated relative to the mount . thus , the mount is formed to include a keyway configured to permit the key itself to impart motion to a locking bolt to unlock the mount . | 4 |
an apparatus for treating swelling and tissue induration comprises a therapeutic garment comprising quilting seams which form pockets or channels , wherein the pockets provide gradients that are approximately parallel channels or have a width that tapers from a wide to a narrow configuration and wherein a flexible elastic or elastomeric foam filler at least partially fills the pockets or channels and an outer covering attached to or overlaying the therapeutic garment , wherein the outer covering is adapted to provide constrictive force to the therapeutic garment . | 0 |
The radioactive power generated by materials within the ejecta of a binary-neutron-star (BNS) merger powers an optical transient known as a kilonova. When the central remnant of a BNS merger is a long-lived magnetar, it continuously produces a highly magnetized wind, altering both the dynamics and temperature of the ejecta, leading to the expected emergence of an engine-fed kilonova. In the first paper of this series, we conducted a detailed study of the dynamics of wind-ejecta interaction and the efficiency of energy injection through shocks. In this work, we combine this dynamical evolution with both shock-heating and additional X-ray irradiation to model photon diffusion within a constant-opacity ejecta. By calculating the radiation, we obtain the light curve and spectral energy distribution (SED). Our findings reveal that, with energy injection, a blue bump typically appears in the early stages ($\lesssim 1$ day). Furthermore, if the magnetar has not spun down by that time, a brightening in the later stages occurs. Despite this, in a large parameter space, the expected luminosity of the engine-fed kilonova is not significantly higher than the typical r-process kilonova due to limited heating efficiency. The SED of engine-fed kilonovae peaks in the relatively blue band in the early stages and evolves towards the red, but at a slower rate compared to the typical r-process kilonova. | 9 |
to provide a controller for an electric power steering system capable of balancing a steering assist force by correcting an offset and improving the steering feeling . a controller for an electric power steering system having motor driving means for driving a motor for electric power steering and motor current detecting means for detecting a current running through the motor is used in which the motor - driving means realizes a motor stop state in which no current runs through the motor under a non - energized state , uses a motor current detection signal under the motor stop state as the offset value of the motor current detecting means , and automatically corrects the offset of the motor current detecting means in accordance with the offset value . | 1 |
a communication apparatus which enables a user to have a more concrete image of a communication partner and to experience the fun of communication through a personal computer , wherein upon receipt of an article , a material representing a person who sent the article or a sending place is reproduced by means of a still picture , animation or sound corresponding to the person who sent the article , to the sending place or to the geographical relationship between the sending place and receiving place . | 6 |
Bosonic ultralight dark matter (ULDM) would form cored density distributions at the center of galaxies. These cores, seen in numerical simulations, admit analytic description as the lowest energy bound state solution ("soliton") of the Schroedinger-Poisson equations. Numerical simulations of ULDM galactic halos find empirical scaling relations between the mass of the large-scale host halo and the mass of the central soliton. We discuss how the simulation results of different groups can be understood in terms of the basic properties of the soliton. Importantly, simulations imply that the energy per unit mass in the soliton and in the virialized host halo should be approximately equal. This relation lends itself to observational tests because it predicts that the peak circular velocity, measured for the host halo in the outskirts of the galaxy, should approximately repeat itself in the central region. Contrasting this prediction with the measured rotation curves of well-resolved nearby galaxies, we show that ULDM in the mass range m ∼(10<SUP>-22</SUP>÷10<SUP>-21</SUP>) eV , which has been invoked as a possible solution to the small-scale puzzles of Λ CDM , is in tension with the data. We suggest that a dedicated analysis of the Milky Way inner gravitational potential could probe ULDM up to m ≲10<SUP>-19</SUP> eV . | 9 |
the present invention provides a low phosphorus lubricating oil composition containing a mixture of zinc dithiophosphates in a certain ratio surprisingly yields improved lead corrosion . the synergistic combination of mixed zinc dithiophosphates containing a zinc primary dialkyl dithiophosphate , zinc secondary dialkyl dithiophosphate and zinc diaryl dithiophosphate in a respective ratio , based on the phosphorus content , of the zinc primary dialkyl dithiphosphate to zinc secondary dialkyl dithiophosphate from about 2 : 1 to about 1 : 2 and the ratio of the mixture of zinc primary dialkyl dithiophosphate and zinc secondary dialkyl dithiophosphate to zinc diaryl dithiophosphate from about 6 : 1 to about 1 : 1 . when used in a lubricating oil composition having a total phosphorus content less than about 0 . 06 wt %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition to lubricate internal combustion engines . the mixture of zinc dithiophosphates greatly reduces lead corrosion . | 2 |
a fast data transfer collection system using message authentication and contactless rf proximity card technology in non - contact storage and retrieval applications . the system is generally comprised of host computers , target radio frequency terminals , and a plurality of portable tags . a host provides specific application functionality to a tag holder , with a high degree of protection from fraudulent use . a target provides control of the rf antenna and resolves collisions between multiple tags in the rf field . a tag provides reliable , high speed , and well authenticated secure exchanges of data / information with the host resulting from the use of a custom asic design incorporating unique analog and digital circuits , nonvolatile memory , and state logic . each tag engages in a transaction with the target in which a sequence of message exchanges allow data to be read from the tag . these exchanges establish the rf communication link , resolve communication collisions with other tags , authenticate both parties in the transaction , rapidly and robustly relay information through the link , and ensure the integrity and incorruptibility of the transaction . the system architecture provides capabilities to ensure the integrity of the data transferred thus eliminating the major problem of corrupting data on the card and in the system . the architecture and protocol are designed to allow simple and efficient integration of the transaction product system into data / information processing installations . | 6 |
a method of inhibiting pit occurrence on a semiconductor substrate during manufacture of a semiconductor device includes forming an isolation using a shallow trench isolation method in a semiconductor substrate , forming an insulation layer on an entire surface of the semiconductor substrate having the isolation , implanting ions into the semiconductor substrate using the insulation layer as a buffer layer , annealing the semiconductor substrate using a rapid thermal annealing process , forming a photoresist layer on the insulation layer and then forming an opening in the photoresist layer to expose an underlayer thereof , forming an align key by etching the underlayer at the opening , and removing the photoresist layer and the insulation layer . alternatively , the thickness of the insulation layer may be reduced to prevent the occurrence of pits on active areas of the semiconductor substrate . | 7 |
a bonding clip is provided in combination with a fluid conduit coupling that interconnects fluid conveying members . the bonding clip conducts electrical charge across the coupling to prevent buildup of electrostatic charges in the coupling . in one aspect of the invention , it may be considered a bonding clip . in another aspect , it may be considered the combination including the bonding clip and coupler . the invention also includes a method for dissipating electrostatic charge across a coupling used to interconnect fluid conveying members . in a preferred embodiment of the bonding clip , it includes a continuous flexible wire element mounted exteriorly of the coupling . the bonding clip is formed in a shape to connect the facing flanges of adjacent fluid conveying lines connected by the coupler , and to pass over the coupler with a defined gap separating a bridge portion of the clip from exterior surfaces of the coupler . | 5 |
We present an open access grid of 3930 calculations of externally evaporating protoplanetary discs. This spans a range of disc sizes (1-400 au), disc masses, UV field strengths (10-10<SUP>4</SUP> G<SUB>0</SUB>), and stellar masses (0.05-1.9 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>). The grid is publicly available for download, and offers a means of cheaply including external photoevaporation in disc evolutionary calculations. It can also be queried using an online tool for quick estimates of instantaneous mass-loss rates (e.g for convenient evaluation of real observed systems). The ``FRIED'' grid itself illustrates that for discs around stars ≤0.3 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>, external photoevaporation is effective down to small radii (<50 au) down to UV fields at least as weak as 10 G<SUB>0</SUB>. At the other end of the scale, in a 10<SUP>4</SUP> G<SUB>0</SUB> environment photoevaporation is effective down to 1 au even for stellar masses at least as high as 1.9 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>. We also illustrate in which regimes CO survives in the photoevaporative outflow for significant mass-loss rates; marking a system a good candidate to detect external photoevaporation in weak-intermediate UV environments through sub-Keplerian rotation. Finally, we make illustrative mass-loss rate estimates for discs in Taurus based on the Guilloteau et al. (2011) star-disc parameters, finding that around half are expected to have both significant mass-loss and retain CO in the photoevaporative outflow. | 9 |
a compound having the structural formula ## str1 ## wherein : y is selected from o and s ; r 1 and r 4 are independently selected from fluorinated methyl , chlorofluorinated methyl , and c 1 - c 4 alkyl , provided that not both r 1 and r 4 may be c 1 - c 4 alkyl ; r 2 is selected from hydrogen , lower alkyl , haloalkyl , alkenyl , alkynyl , haloalkenyl , and a cation ; r 3 is selected from c 1 - c 5 alkyl , cycloalkyl , cycloalkylalkyl , hydroxy , and alkoxy ; and x is selected from ## str2 ## in which r 8 is selected from h , alkyl and cf 3 and r 10 is selected from f , cl , -- or 1 , -- sr 1 , -- nhr 1 , -- n 2 , phenyl , substituted phenyl , and -- p 2 where r 1 is as defined above ; ## str3 ## wherein r 1 is as defined above ; ## str4 ## wherein r 14 and r 15 are independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl ; and -- n ═ c ═ o and their use as herbicides . | 0 |
a machine - based method includes scheduling data units into respective time slots of reservation groups by representing the time slots in a base vector . the time slots of each of the reservation groups corresponds to a contiguous block in the base vector . groups of time slots are represented in a higher - level vector having fewer elements than the base vector . | 7 |
image forming apparatus including : external cover covering outer side of side wall of housing storing image forming portion , and having exhaust outlet ; equipment storage space formed between side wall of housing and external cover ; opening formed in side wall and allowing inside of housing to communicate with equipment storage space ; exhaust fan disposed in equipment storage space and taking in air from housing via opening and exhausting air from exhaust outlet ; heat generating equipment disposed in equipment storage space ; and duct connecting air outlet of exhaust fan and exhaust outlet . communicating portion , which allows inside and outside of duct to communicate with each other , is formed in wall of duct located on heat generating equipment side . | 1 |
Metallicity is a fundamental physical property that strongly constrains galaxy formation and evolution. The formation of stars in galaxies is suppressed by the energy released from supernova explosions and can be enhanced by metal production. In order to understand the impact of this supernova feedback, we compare four different feedback methods, ejecting energy in thermal, kinetic, stochastic, and mechanical forms, into our self-consistent cosmological chemodynamical simulations. To minimize other uncertainties, we use the latest nucleosynthesis yields that can reproduce the observed elemental abundances of stars in the Milky Way. For each method, we predict the evolution of stellar and gas-phase metallicities as a function of galaxy mass, i.e. the mass-metallicity relations. We then find that the mechanical feedback can give the best match to a number of observations up to redshift z ~ 3, although the predicted gas-phase metallicities seem to be higher than those observed at z ≳ 1. The feedback modelling can be further constrained by the metallicities in distant galaxies with the JWST and those of a large sample with ongoing and future spectroscopic surveys. | 9 |
The entire Heliophysics research system hinders/ discourages proper work-life balance. A core issue stems from the culture of "work-above-life" associated with mission development and implementation but also the expectations that seem to originate from announcements by agencies. We are calling for work-life balance plans and implementation to be a criterion used for mission down-selection. | 9 |
a downhole percussive tool is disclosed comprising an interior chamber and a piston element slidably sitting within the interior chamber forming two pressure chambers on either side . the piston element may slide back and forth within the interior chamber as drilling fluid is channeled into either pressure chamber . input channels supply drilling fluid into the pressure chambers and exit orifices release that fluid from the same . an exhaust orifice allows additional drilling fluid to release from the interior chamber . the amount of pressure maintained in either pressure chamber may be controlled by the size of the exiting orifices and exhaust orifices . in various embodiments , the percussive tool may form a downhole jack hammer or vibrator tool . | 4 |
Energetic gas outflows driven by active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are considered as one of the mechanisms by which supermassive black holes affect their host galaxies. To probe the impact of AGN-driven outflows, it is essential to quantify the size of the region under the influence of such outflows. In the third of a series of papers, we present the spatially resolved kinematics of ionized gas for three additional Type 2 AGNs based on Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) integral field spectroscopy. Along with the six AGNs presented in our previous works and the 14 AGNs with available GMOS-integral field unit data, we construct a sample of 23 luminous Type 2 AGNs at z < 0.2, and kinematically measure the size of ionized gas outflows by tracing the radial decrease of the velocity dispersion of the [O III] λ5007 emission line. The kinematically measured outflow size ranges from 0.60 to ∼7.45 kpc, depending on AGN luminosity. We find that the size of the photoionized region is larger than the kinematically measured outflow size, while the flux-weighted photoionization size is significantly smaller. Thus, using photoionization size as a proxy for outflow size leads to overestimation or underestimation, and introduces large uncertainties of the mass outflow rate and the energy output rate. We report an outflow size-luminosity relation with a slope of 0.28 ± 0.03, which is shallower than the slope of the correlation between the photoionization size and luminosity. | 9 |
the present invention relates to a driver for driving a gas discharge lamp . in use , the tips of a conventional lamp &# 39 ; s electrodes are subject to tip growth and tip destruction , resulting in decreased or increased arc length , respectively . this has an undesirable effect on the light output of the lamp . the driver of the present invention includes a controller for controlling a current source to the electrodes of the lamp whereby parameters of the current are varied in such a way that tip growth and tip destruction are alternated . as a result , arc length variations stay within certain limits over the lifetime of the lamp . | 7 |
the object of this invention is to provide an extremely simple device to extract information to distinguish between obstructive apnea and central apnea and which performs this operation automatically based on the extracted information . the device is equipped with analog signal processor 2 for generating pulse wave signals based on light received from a light emitting means and passing through or reflecting off living tissue ; pulse wave base line analog signal processor 9 for extracting change components of a base line of the generated pulse wave signal ; and master microcomputer 6 for distinguishing between obstructive apnea and central apnea on the basis of the extracted pulse wave base line change components . | 0 |
separation functional fibers are produced by exposing fibers with a core / sheath structure to an ionizing radiation and then grafting a polymerizable monomer to the fibers . ion - exchange fibers are produced by introducing , through radiation - initiated graft polymerization , ion - exchange groups into the sheath of each of composite fibers the core and the sheath of which are composed of different kinds of high - polymer components . the separation functional fibers and the ion - exchange fibers are useful in various applications such as the production of pure water in electric power , nuclear , electronic and pharmaceutical industries and the demineralization of high - salt content solutions in the production of foods and chemicals . the fibers are also useful in removing harmful components from gases , as well as odorous components such as ammonia . | 1 |
disclosed is , among other things , a bookmark including a band which may wrap around a book and may therefore be prevented from falling out as the book is opened . a marker may be attached to the band via a thread or other means , and may be used to mark a page of interest in the book . | 1 |
the present invention discloses a novel modular system and methods of operating an increased air supply to a gas turbine engine such that the upon supplying a source of external air to the system , a bias is added to the exhaust temperature such that a firing temperature with air injection is substantially equivalent to the firing temperature without air injection . | 5 |
the height of a continuous tobacco stream between a first side which is supported by a conveyor and an uneven second side is monitored by an opto - electrical level detector which directs a row of parallel light rays transversely across the stream and has a battery of photosensitive elements at different distances from the first side of the stream so that each element produces a signal in response to impingement of a different light ray upon its photosensitive surface . the number of elements which generate signals is indicative of the height of the stream portion advancing past the level detector . such signals can be utilized to adjust a trimming device which removes the surplus at the second side of the stream before the thus equalized stream enters a wrapping mechanism to be converted into a cigarette rod which is thereupon severed to yield discrete cigarettes . | 0 |
a method for constructing a wireless communications apparatus includes providing a printed circuit board having a mounting surface . an antenna is mounted onto the mounting surface in an orientation that is perpendicular to the mounting surface . a first subassembly is formed by placing the pcb with mounted antenna into a top side of a bracket . the second subassembly is formed by placing an endcap component over the antenna , the endcap encasing the antenna , and snapping the endcap component into the bracket to hold the endcap component to the bracket . the snapping comprises inserting hooks on the end cap component into recesses on the bracket . | 8 |
a method and corresponding system is provided for determining an optimum manufacturing process routing . the method comprises electronically constructing a plurality of manufacturing process routings for a component to be manufactured . the electronically constructing for each manufacturing process routing of the plurality of manufacturing process routings comprises defining a recursive process routing tree for each manufacturing process routing , the recursive process routing tree comprising a plurality of nodes , each node of the plurality of nodes corresponding to a manufacturing process and comprising a branch node when the manufacturing process for a given node may be decomposed into a plurality of sub - processes for the given node . the method further comprises electronically determining an optimum process routing by evaluating each recursive process routing tree with reference to a cost for manufacturing the component to be optimized and determining the optimum process routing that minimizes the cost for manufacturing the component . | 6 |
<BR /> Aims: Until recently, most high-resolution spectroscopic studies of the Galactic thin and thick discs were mostly confined to objects in the solar vicinity. Here we aim at enlarging the volume in which individual chemical abundances are used to characterise the thin and thick discs, using the first internal data release of the Gaia-ESO survey (GES iDR1). <BR /> Methods: We used the spectra of around 2000 FGK dwarfs and giants from the GES iDR1, obtained at resolutions of up to R ~ 20 000 with the FLAMES/GIRAFFE spectrograph. We derive and discuss the abundances of eight elements (Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Fe, Cr, Ni, and Y). <BR /> Results: We show that the trends of these elemental abundances with iron are very similar to those in the solar neighbourhood. We find a natural division between α-rich and α-poor stars, best seen in the bimodality of the [Mg/M] distributions in bins of metallicity, which we attribute to thick- and thin-disc sequences, respectively. This separation is visible for most α-elements and for aluminium. With the possible exception of Al, the observed dispersion around the trends is well described by the expected errors, leaving little room for astrophysical dispersion. Using previously derived distances from the first paper from this series for our sample, we further find that the thick-disc is more extended vertically and is more centrally concentrated towards the inner Galaxy than the thin-disc, which indicates a shorter scale-length. We derive the radial (4 to 12 kpc) and vertical (0 to 3.5 kpc) gradients in metallicity, iron, four α-element abundances, and aluminium for the two populations, taking into account the identified correlation between R<SUB>GC</SUB> and | Z |. Similarly to other works, a radial metallicity gradient is found in the thin disc. The positive radial individual [α/M] gradients found are at variance from the gradients observed in the RAVE survey. The thin disc also hosts a negative vertical metallicity gradient in the solar cylinder, accompanied by positive individual [α/M] and [Al/M] gradients. The thick-disc, on the other hand, presents no radial metallicity gradient, a shallower vertical metallicity gradient than the thin-disc, an α-elements-to-iron radial gradient in the opposite sense than that of the thin disc, and positive vertical individual [α/M] and [Al/M] gradients. We examine several thick-disc formation scenarii in the light of these radial and vertical trends. <P />Based on observations collected at ESO telescopes under Gaia-ESO survey programme.Full Table 2 is only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr</A> (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via <A href="http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/572/A33">http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/572/A33</A> | 9 |
a method for starting a free piston , internal combustion engine includes supplying an air charge to a space in a combustion cylinder , and reciprocating the piston in the cylinder so that the maximum pressure of the air charge in the space cyclically increases . air and fuel are cyclically admitting to the cylinder to produce an air - fuel mixture , and spark ignition is used to produce cyclic combustion of the air - fuel mixture . the air - fuel ratio of the mixture is increasing when a maximum pressure in the cylinder occurs within a predetermined period following a tdc position of the piston . spark ignition is discontinued , and cyclic compression ignition of the air - fuel mixture occurs . | 5 |
apparatus for producing an interference pattern from an input optical beam , including a first optical element for separating the input optical beam into a plurality of divergent optical sub - beams and a second optical element including a first surface and a second surface . the first surface is optically coupled to the first optical element to receive at least two of the plurality of sub - beams . in addition , the second optical element is capable of redirecting via total internal reflection at least one of the sub - beams received at the first surface such that at least two sub - beams emerge from the second surface along respective paths intersecting one another outside the second optical element at a distance from the second surface . advantageously , the use of total internal reflection in the second optical element for sub - beam redirection removes any requirement for a mirror to perform this function , results in only minimal power losses as the sub - beams reflect internally and the location at which they intersect is easily adjustable . | 6 |
a personal under fire trainer includes a harness holding a wireless receiver and plural electrode leads . the harness can be donned by a trainee and the leads connected to electrodes attached to the trainee &# 39 ; s body . a trainer can operate a remote transmitter to send a signal to the receiver , activating one or more electrodes which contract the trainee &# 39 ; s muscles , forcing the trainee to react under simulated gun fight conditions while receiving simulated gunshot wounds . | 6 |
a safety delineator is provided which includes a conical body portion to which is attached one or more vertical panels . a new and improved handle feature permits easy and comfortable full hand gripping of the delineator and also prevents sticking and jamming together of a plurality of the delineators when they are stacked . the delineators may be stacked without removing the vertical panels , since each vertical panel is particularly designed to wrap around the conical body portion to which it is attached as another vertical delineator slides over it . | 4 |
in a bar code scanner of the fixed amount type , laser beam reflections from the target location are collected by an object detector that senses predetermined specular reflections and determines whether an object is present or absent , and whether the object has a bar code label or lacks a bar code label . | 6 |
a large - capacity cam is disclosed . ram core cells are used to store the cam data . the comparison function is not performed in the core cells , but rather in comparators which are placed adjacent to a plurality of core cells , in such a way that the plurality of core cells shares access to a single comparator . access to the comparator is shared by a time - division multiplexed means , requiring a plurality of serialized operations . these operations are self - timed and transparent to the user , because they occur in a single cycle of the externally - supplied clock . | 6 |
this invention relates to the use of vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of fibromyalgia which comprises applying a therapeutic stimulation signal from a stimulus generator , when activated , to at least some of plural electrodes implanted in stimulating relation of the patient &# 39 ; s vagus nerve and activating the stimulus generator to generate the therapeutic stimulation signal to alleviate the pain under treatment . | 0 |
this invention provides a method and device to enlarge the scope of ultrasonic measurement . it adopts two - way or more than two - way ultrasonic , and measures the distance in two or more than two directions , especially it can measure the sum distance of two directions directly . thus the distance value could reach 30 m at one time . therefore it can enlarge the scope of ultrasonic measuring without changing the performance of ultrasonic transceiver head . | 6 |
a method of forming basic copper carbonates includes providing an aqueous solution comprising copper , ammonia , and carbonic acid ; and adding sufficient carbon dioxide to precipitate a basic copper carbonate from the aqueous solution . | 2 |
in an antenna communications unit which , when installed on trucks , allows two - way communications between a driver and fleet logistic centers , historically , a global positioning system antenna within a radome has been housed in a cavity beneath a transceiver &# 39 ; s messaging antenna . a method and device is provided which moves the gps antenna from beneath the messaging antenna and places it in an enclosure mounted to the radome . | 7 |
a control panel for regulating plural parameters is provided with plural displays , each associated with one parameter . a single manually moveable knob is provided for entering a manually variable signal . individual actuators such as push buttons are disposed adjacent each of the display means . the control panel is arranged to interpret the variable signal provided by the maneuvering element or knob as a new value for a control constant associated with a particular parameter depending upon which push button is actuated . the operator may select a particular parameter for resetting by pressing the button adjacent the display for that particular parameter . the panel simplifies setting of plural parameters in complex control systems such as the control system for a hemodialysis apparatus . the control system may incorporate plural microprocessors . control data input into the microprocessors is digitally duplicated and transferred between the microprocessors to avoid entry of conflicting data into the two separate microprocessors . | 6 |
the present invention describes a highly versatile and effective facial composition containing two very simple human endogenous compounds , glycerin or any other nonvolatile , pharmacologically acceptable , slowly absorbed , water - miscible , liquid organic substance and water , which , when applied topically to facial skin in high concentrations , is surprisingly effective for achieving facial skin improvements . the effect of cosmetic improvements lasts up to 18 hours after one single application of the composition . the novel , clear , transparent , unconventional aqueous composition is especially useful for postmenopausal women . | 0 |
Stellar models rely on a number of free parameters. High-quality observations of eclipsing binary stars observed by Kepler offer a great opportunity to calibrate model parameters for evolved stars. Our study focuses on six Kepler red giants with the goal of calibrating the mixing-length parameter of convection as well as the asteroseismic surface term in models. We introduce a new method to improve the identification of oscillation modes that exploits theoretical frequencies to guide the mode identification (`peak-bagging') stage of the data analysis. Our results indicate that the convective mixing-length parameter (α) is ≈14 per cent larger for red giants than for the Sun, in agreement with recent results from modelling the APOGEE stars. We found that the asteroseismic surface term (i.e. the frequency offset between the observed and predicted modes) correlates with stellar parameters (T<SUB>eff</SUB>, log g) and the mixing-length parameter. This frequency offset generally decreases as giants evolve. The two coefficients a<SUB>-1</SUB> and a<SUB>3</SUB> for the inverse and cubic terms that have been used to describe the surface term correction are found to correlate linearly. The effect of the surface term is also seen in the p-g mixed modes; however, established methods for correcting the effect are not able to properly correct the g-dominated modes in late evolved stars. | 9 |
a method and a device are disclosed for providing and delivering of tire balancing weights and supplies , specifically in wheel and tire workshops . a rack comprises slides bearing trays containing balancing weights and / or other articles . sensors are provided for detecting the number of trays on the slides . if a slide is detected as empty or a certain number of articles have been taken out of the trays , replacement parts are automatically ordered via a network by generating ordering information and providing these to a supplier . the supplier instructs a manufacturing and delivery site for manufacturing and / or delivering the articles which are then delivered by a delivery service to the workshop . | 6 |
a transilluminator having a housing having therein a window , a first light source supported within the housing for transmitting light through the window and illuminating a sample adjacent the window , and a second light source which is mounted outside the housing and which is movable between a first position wherein the second light source is removed from the window , and a second position wherein the second light source is over the window for transmitting light onto a sample adjacent the second light source . | 6 |
an inductive conductivity sensor is immersed in a liquid to measure its conductivity . the sensor comprises a transducer for generating a changing magnetic field and for inductively measuring an electric current induced in the liquid by the changing magnetic field . the transducer has an external surface facing the liquid . a elastic membrane separates the external surface from the liquid . the elastic membrane is periodically inflated and deflated to deform its outer shape and thereby remove deposits formed on the membrane . | 6 |
a method and apparatus for traversing a queue of commands containing a mixture of read and write commands places a next valid write address pointer in each queue entry . in this manner , time savings are achieved by allowing preprocessing of the next write command to be executed . the method may be practiced by setting a next valid address pointer in all queue entries . queue traversal may be forward , backward , or bi - directional . | 6 |
a coil device may be capable of varying the gap of a coil so that several devices may be wirelessly charged simultaneously or a single device may be wirelessly charged with concentrated power . the coil device may include : a case having a reception space and varying a charging area upon a user &# 39 ; s selection ; and a coil part , having , in the reception space of the case , a coil body formed of a wound conductor having a predetermined length . a gap of the wound conductor of the coil body varies as the charging area of the case varies . | 7 |
a radio frequency filter includes an input port configured to receive a signal , an output port configured to output a signal , and a tuning probe configured to be movable within a tuning probe port to adjust filter characteristics . the tuning probe port is configured to receive the tuning probe therein , and a locking mechanism is configured to lock the tuning probe in the tuning probe port at a desired depth and further configured to prevent movement of the tuning probe in the tuning probe port when the locking mechanism is in a locked configuration . | 7 |
provided is a phase - change element capable of operating with low power consumption and a method of manufacturing the same . the phase - change element comprises a first electrode used as a heating layer , a second electrode , which is laterally disposed adjacent to the first electrode , and a memory layer made of a phase - change material located between and contacting the side surfaces of the first electrode and the second electrode . | 7 |
an apparatus is disclosed for mounting or dismounting a device on a mounting surface , for example , the mounting surface of a rail , a molded clip or the like . the apparatus includes a body . to accommodate attachment of the apparatus to the rail , at least a portion of the body can be movably positioned adjacent to the mounting surface . the apparatus also includes a locating feature connected with the body . the locating feature includes a first position that maintains a position of the body during a manufacturing operation and a second position that allows the body to move between an open position and a closed position , for example , after the manufacturing operation has been completed . | 8 |
a process for preparing trifluorochloroethylene including : in a multi - tubular reactor , hydrogenation reacting 1 , 1 , 2 - trifluoro - 1 , 2 , 2 - trichloroethane directly with a catalyst potassium zinc trihydride to obtain trifluorochloroethylene , wherein the catalytic reaction is performed at a temperature of 250 - 350 ° c . and a pressure of 0 . 7 - 1 . 0 mpa for 10 - 20 seconds . the conventional process in which zinc powder is used for dechlorination or hydrogen is used for dechlorination through hydrogenation with the action of a noble metal catalyst is avoided in the process disclosed herein . the present process substantially reduces the production cost of trifluorochloroethylene , and substantially increases the product yield , which can be up to 99 % or more . | 1 |
a wind turbine active damping arrangement for damping forces exerted on a component connected to a main shaft of a wind turbine is proposed . the damping arrangement comprises a smart fluid damper and a control device for controlling a field generator of the smart fluid damper to control the extent of damping according to a performance parameter of the wind turbine . the smart fluid damper comprises a closed chamber containing a smart fluid and a piston . the piston travels along a direction in the chamber and comprises a channel through which the smart fluid can flow . the smart fluid damper comprises a field generator for generating a field across the smart fluid and an input for a field generator control signal for controlling the field generator to alter the field according to the performance parameter of the wind turbine . | 8 |
a method and system for monitoring and measuring the amount of deflection of a pneumatic tire wherein said monitoring system in the tire detects tire sidewall deflection by measuring the length of the tire contact patch area relative to the total circumference of the tire . the embedded sensor device generates a signal which varies as it passes through the tire contact patch within the tire on a moving vehicle . if the vehicle is moving at a constant speed , the ratio of time which the sensor spends inside the contact patch to the time the sensor spends outside the contact patch is proportional to tire deflection . sensor electrical signals are digitized and counted to determine deflection , tire speed and the number of tire revolutions to improve performance of both the tire and the vehicle . | 1 |
a device and method for interfacing a telephone to the telephone network is disclosed for receiving the iclid of incoming telephone calls and responding in a predetermined manner . an iclid receiver detects the presence or absence of the iclid of an incoming telephone call , and receives the iclid if present . in accordance with predetermined instructions and with the absence of an iclid or the presence and identity of the iclid , the device may acknowledge receipt of the iclid to the incoming caller by generating a brief confirmation tone at minimum charge to the calling party , cause the incoming call to be answered or not answered , and may forward the incoming iclid information to a predetermined location over the telephone network or by other means . | 7 |
a noninvasive ultrasonic liquid level indicator for indicating the level of a liquid in a reservoir is disclosed which comprises an ultrasonic transducer assembly , structures for holding the transducer assembly in a dry coupled attachment with the reservoir at selectable locations against an exterior surface of the reservoir , and a monitor for revealing a change in liquid height . the transducer assembly conveys signals regarding changes in liquid height to a monitor which warns the user in time to add more liquid or replace the reservoir before the liquid supply &# 34 ; runs dry .&# 34 ; the manners for holding the assembly in place include , but are not limited to , a strap , a clamp , or adhesive material , such as tape . these allow the user to selectively place the transducer assembly along the reservoir at the desired triggering point . | 8 |
an automatic leveling system for a vehicle supporting an articulable boom system . the automatic leveling system uses a microprocessor to monitor various inputs indicative of the current position of the vehicle and generates electrical drive signals to control the amount of extension of various outriggers extending from the vehicle . | 1 |
a skimmer device for concentrating an aerosol from a flowing gas stream , having an inlet with inlet aperture and inlet raceway , an outlet with virtual impact void and collector channel , and bulk flow divertors symmetrically disposed on either side of the long axis of flow , further characterized in that the downstream walls of the bulk flow divertors are concavedly curved and reverse the direction of bulk flow . in section , the four channels or passages of the “ skimmer ” thus form a “ crossed tee ” with concavedly contoured lateral arms curving back around . the lateral flow channels are for diverting the bulk flow into exhaust chimney spaces , and the chimney spaces are positioned proximate to the inlet element and anterior to the collection channel . in operation , the bulk flow streamlines are thereby folded more than 90 degrees away from the long axis of flow on the laterally disposed concave walls of the bulk flow channels . while counterintuitive , this was found using computational fluid dynamics and experimentation to dramatically reduce wall separation and related instabilities and to improve particle recoveries . large two - dimensional arrays of closely stacked inlet and skimmer elements are thus achieved by fitting the chimneys into spaces between parallel inlet elements . the interlinked problems of flow instability , manufacturability of arrays , and scale - up of chimney cross - sectional area to equalize pressure differentials in the bulk flow diverter exhaust ducts , particularly in two - dimensional arrays at high throughput , are uniquely solved with this geometry . | 6 |
an image sensor having a plurality of pixels comprising a semiconductor material of a first conductivity type with at least two adjacent pixels , each of the pixels has a photodetector formed within the substrate and an electrical function that is shared between the adjacent pixels integrated within the adjacent pixels . the electrical function can be : a transfer gate , a reset gate , a row select gate , an amplifier drain , an output node , a floating diffusion , a reset drain , a lateral overflow gate , an overflow drain or an amplifier , that is shared between multiple pixels resulting in a saving of space . | 7 |
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