pmcid stringlengths 6 6 | title stringlengths 9 374 | abstract stringlengths 2 4.62k ⌀ | fulltext stringlengths 167 106k | file_path stringlengths 64 64 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
509425 | Evaluation of in vivo labelled dendritic cell migration in cancer patients | Background Dendritic Cell (DC) vaccination is a very promising therapeutic strategy in cancer patients. The immunizing ability of DC is critically influenced by their migration activity to lymphatic tissues, where they have the task of priming naïve T-cells. In the present study in vivo DC migration was investigated wi... | Background Dendritic Cell (DC) vaccination is one of the most promising tools of immunological therapy for cancer. Administration of DC, generated and loaded with tumor antigens ex vivo , can be used to circumvent tumor immunotolerance [ 1 , 2 ]. A large number of immature DC (iDC) can be produced by culturing peripher... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509425.xml |
521183 | High Affinity: Making Up for Being Male | null | Because males and females possess different numbers of the two sex chromosomes (for instance, in mammals, XX in females versus XY in males), the potential “dose” of each gene differs. Without some compensating mechanism, female mammals would express twice the quantity of an X-linked gene as males. The same holds true i... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC521183.xml |
539280 | Age-specific prevalence, transmission and phylogeny of TT virus in the Czech Republic | Background TT virus is prevalent worldwide, but its prevalence and genotype distribution in Central and East-Europe has not been determined. The high prevalence of TTV in multiply-transfused patients points to the importance of a parenteral mode of transmission, but since more than half of the general population is inf... | Background TTV, a non-enveloped small circular single-stranded DNA virus, was recently placed in a novel virus family named Circinoviridae [ 1 ]. In spite of being a DNA virus, TTV has an extremely wide range of sequence divergence. At least 40 TTV genotypes from five major phylogenetic groups (G1–G5) have been identif... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539280.xml |
535337 | Snoring in primary school children and domestic environment: A Perth school based study | Background The home is the predominant environment for exposure to many environmental irritants such as air pollutants and allergens. Exposure to common indoor irritants including volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide, may increase the risk of snoring for children. The aim of this study was to i... | Background Snoring occurs when there is an obstruction to the free flow of air through the airways at the back of the mouth and nose. The prevalence of habitual snoring in children has been reported to vary between 3.2 and 11%. Infrequent snoring is present in 17–27% of all children [ 1 - 3 ]. A study of young Australi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535337.xml |
514886 | A Developmental Role for Fatty Acids in Eukaryotes | null | Health food stores have long hawked fish oil capsules as a cure-all for everything from migraines to heart disease. And though such claims are often weak on scientific evidence, fish oil, it turns out, is no snake oil. A recent review of scientific studies concludes that omega-3 fatty acids can indeed protect against h... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514886.xml |
300882 | Similarities and Differences in Genome-Wide Expression Data of Six Organisms | Comparing genomic properties of different organisms is of fundamental importance in the study of biological and evolutionary principles. Although differences among organisms are often attributed to differential gene expression, genome-wide comparative analysis thus far has been based primarily on genomic sequence infor... | Introduction Microarray experiments are now being used to address a large diversity of biological issues. The large datasets obtained by pooling those experiments together contain a wealth of biological information beyond the insights gained by individual measurements. For example, it was demonstrated that diverse data... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC300882.xml |
387279 | A Window into the Brain Demonstrates the Importance of Astrocytes | null | Did you ever wish you could peek inside someone's brain and see what was going on in there? In research reported in this issue of PLoS Biology , Hajime Hirase and his colleagues at Rutgers University have done just that by focusing their microscope on the brains of living rats in order to examine how certain cells call... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC387279.xml |
526388 | A CpG island hypermethylation profile of primary colorectal carcinomas and colon cancer cell lines | Background Tumor cell lines are commonly used as experimental tools in cancer research, but their relevance for the in vivo situation is debated. In a series of 11 microsatellite stable (MSS) and 9 microsatellite unstable (MSI) colon cancer cell lines and primary colon carcinomas (25 MSS and 28 MSI) with known ploidy s... | Background During the last decade, epigenetic changes have been reported in many cancers and they are now recognized to be at least as common as genetic changes [ 1 ]. Aberrant methylation of cytosine located within the dinucleotide CpG is by far the best-categorized epigenetic change. The genome of the cancer cell dem... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526388.xml |
212706 | Why PLoS Became a Publisher | Public Library of Science has grown from a grassroots movement to a nonprofit publisher, in order to catalyze change towards open-access publishing of the scientific literature | Communication among scientists has undergone a revolution in the last decade, with the movement of scientific publication to a digital medium and the emergence of the Internet as the primary means for distributing information. Millions of articles are, in principle, just a mouse click away from our computers. For many ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC212706.xml |
539243 | Relationship between three palliative care outcome scales | Background Various scales have been used to assess palliative outcomes. But measurement can still be problematic and core components of measures have not been identified. This study aimed to determine the relationships between, and factorial structure of, three widely used scales among advanced cancer patients. Methods... | Background Measurement of the effect of illness and its treatment on patients is now an accepted part of clinical trial design [ 1 ]. Such measurement is also proposed as an aid to improve clinical practice and decision making [ 2 , 3 ]. However, as the illness becomes more advanced the value of many well validated qua... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539243.xml |
554093 | L-histidine inhibits production of lysophosphatidic acid by the tumor-associated cytokine, autotaxin | Background Autotaxin (ATX, NPP-2), originally purified as a potent tumor cell motility factor, is now known to be the long-sought plasma lysophospholipase D (LPLD). The integrity of the enzymatic active site, including three crucial histidine moieties, is required for motility stimulation, as well as LPLD and 5'nucleot... | Background Lysophosphosphatidic acid (LPA) is both an intracellular and an extracellular signaling molecule that affects biological processes such as cell proliferation, rescue from apoptosis, cell migration, neurite retraction, wound healing, platelet aggregation and vascular remodeling [ 1 ]. As a cytokine affecting ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC554093.xml |
539055 | Treatment Interruptions in Chronic HIV Infection | null | Adverse side effects, viral resistance, and the high cost of antiretroviral therapies remain obstacles in the way of turning HIV/AIDS into a manageable chronic disease. Structured treatment interruptions (STIs) in individuals who have good viral control on therapy have been proposed as a strategy for overcoming these o... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539055.xml |
539041 | Preserving Creativity in Medicine | Imagination and creativity are essential traits that medicine, and medical insurers, must again learn to recognize and reward | Galvanized by rising costs, increased calls for greater, accountability, and an Institute of Medicine (Washington, D. C., United States) report suggesting that medical errors may kill nearly 100,000 Americans every year [1] , United States health care experts have tried to boost the quality of patient care by focusing ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539041.xml |
549203 | Evaluating concentration estimation errors in ELISA microarray experiments | Background Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a standard immunoassay to estimate a protein's concentration in a sample. Deploying ELISA in a microarray format permits simultaneous estimation of the concentrations of numerous proteins in a small sample. These estimates, however, are uncertain due to processing... | Background Proteomic approaches are resulting in the identification of large numbers of proteins that can potentially be used as disease markers or drug targets. Unfortunately, proteomic approaches currently lack the throughput or quality metrics necessary to evaluate hundreds or thousands of samples that may be requir... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549203.xml |
549559 | A statistical approach for array CGH data analysis | Background Microarray-CGH experiments are used to detect and map chromosomal imbalances, by hybridizing targets of genomic DNA from a test and a reference sample to sequences immobilized on a slide. These probes are genomic DNA sequences (BACs) that are mapped on the genome. The signal has a spatial coherence that can ... | Background Chromosomal aberrations often occur in solid tumors: tumor suppressor genes may be inactivated by physical deletion, and oncogenes activated via duplication in the genome. Gene dosage effect has become particularly important in the understanding of human solid tumor genesis and progression, and has also been... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549559.xml |
544928 | The Indirect Benefits of Mating with Attractive Males Outweigh the Direct Costs | The fitness consequences of mate choice are a source of ongoing debate in evolutionary biology. Recent theory predicts that indirect benefits of female choice due to offspring inheriting superior genes are likely to be negated when there are direct costs associated with choice, including any costs of mating with attrac... | Introduction Whether mate choice can be maintained by indirect selection when females incur direct costs by being choosy is the subject of ongoing theoretical controversy [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. This is particularly true when the principal or only benefit of mating with attractive males is that they sire attractive sons... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544928.xml |
545203 | Integration of Retroviruses: A Fine Balance between Efficiency and Danger | Since retroviruses can integrate a copy of their DNA into the host cell DNA, they are good vectors for gene therapy. But such vectors also have oncogenic potential | One of the key characteristics of retroviruses is their ability to integrate a copy of the DNA reverse-transcribed from their viral RNA genome into host cell DNA. This integration is mediated by a preintegration complex (PIC) comprising viral DNA, reverse transcriptase, and integrase, as well as poorly characterized ho... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545203.xml |
549217 | HIV-1 Tat interacts with LIS1 protein | Background HIV-1 Tat activates transcription of HIV-1 viral genes by inducing phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). Tat can also disturb cellular metabolism by inhibiting proliferation of antigen-specific T lymphocytes and by inducing cellular apoptosis. Tat-induced apoptosis of ... | Background HIV-1 Tat protein is the viral transactivator encoded in the HIV-1 genome of infected cells [ 1 - 3 ]. Tat stimulates formation of full-length transcripts from the HIV-1 promoter by promoting efficient transcript elongation (reviewed in [ 4 ]). Tat interacts with the bulge of transactivation response (TAR) R... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549217.xml |
529252 | Development of the time course for processing conflict: an event-related potentials study with 4 year olds and adults | Background Tasks involving conflict are widely used to study executive attention. In the flanker task, a target stimulus is surrounded by distracting information that can be congruent or incongruent with the correct response. Developmental differences in the time course of brain activations involved in conflict process... | Background Conflict tasks involve the selection of a sub-dominant object or response in the presence of a competing dominant object or response. One of the most common tasks used in the literature to measure conflict is the flanker task. In this task, a target surrounded by stimuli suggesting either the same (congruent... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529252.xml |
548684 | Human CD57+ germinal center-T cells are the major helpers for GC-B cells and induce class switch recombination | Background The function of CD57 + CD4 + T cells, constituting a major subset of germinal center T (GC-Th) cells in human lymphoid tissues, has been unclear. There have been contradictory reports regarding the B cell helping function of CD57 + GC-Th cells in production of immunoglobulin (Ig). Furthermore, the cytokine a... | Background In germinal centers (GC), B cells undergo clonal expansion, somatic hyper-mutation in the variable region of antibody genes [ 1 - 3 ] and class switch recombination (CSR) from IgM to IgG, IgA, and IgE [ 4 - 8 ], processes that are dependent on helper T cells [ 9 - 11 ]. Antibodies to the CD57 epitope (HNK-1)... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548684.xml |
548690 | Characterization of gana-1, a Caenorhabditis elegans gene encoding a single ortholog of vertebrate α-galactosidase and α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase | Background Human α-galactosidase A (α-GAL) and α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (α-NAGA) are presumed to share a common ancestor. Deficiencies of these enzymes cause two well-characterized human lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) – Fabry (α-GAL deficiency) and Schindler (α-NAGA deficiency) diseases. Caenorhabditis elegans wa... | Background Humans have two enzymes with α-galactosidase activity and an acidic pH optimum, α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (α-NAGA) (previously called α-galactosidase B) and α-galactosidase A (α-GAL). Hereditary deficiency of each of the hydrolases causes a distinct lysosomal storage disorder in humans, Schindler and Fabry... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548690.xml |
535928 | Underweight is independently associated with mortality in post-operative and non-operative patients admitted to the intensive care unit: a retrospective study | Background Low and high body mass index (BMI) have been recently shown to be associated with increased and decreased mortality after ICU admission, respectively. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of BMI on mortality and length of stay in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods ... | Background The body mass index (BMI) is an anthropometric measure of nutritional status that is calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters[ 1 ]. The relationship between BMI and mortality has been shown to be J- or U-shaped in large population studies; the highest mortality was ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535928.xml |
548135 | Mutagenicity testing with transgenic mice. Part I: Comparison with the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test | As part of a larger literature study on transgenic animals in mutagenicity testing, test results from the transgenic mutagenicity assays ( lacI model; commercially available as the Big Blue ® mouse, and the lacZ model; commercially available as the Muta™Mouse), were compared with the results on the same substances in t... | Background This and the following presentation are part of a project for the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) evaluating the possible use of transgenic animal mutagenicity assays in chemical toxicity testing and mechanistic research. It was decided to compare the results obtained from those transgenic ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548135.xml |
535900 | Mineral water intake reduces blood pressure among subjects with low urinary magnesium and calcium levels | Background Several previous epidemiological studies have shown a relation between drinking water quality and death in cardiovascular disease whereas others have not found such a relationship. An intervention study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of water with added magnesium and natural mineral water on blood pre... | Background A relation between mortality from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and drinking water characteristics was first shown in Japan in 1957 [ 1 ]. Since then, several studies have demonstrated the same relationships, one of the last being a study from Finland in 2004 [ 2 ] and reviews have been presented [ 3 , 4 ]. ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535900.xml |
374246 | Depositing a Histone That Protects Active Chromosomal Regions from Silencing | null | When James Watson and Francis Crick reported the structure of DNA in 1953, the mechanism of inheritance was instantly apparent. The complementary pairing of the DNA bases in the double helix, the pair famously wrote, “immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material.” The structure helped expl... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC374246.xml |
523838 | Nevirapine and Efavirenz Elicit Different Changes in Lipid Profiles in Antiretroviral- Therapy-Naive Patients Infected with HIV-1 | ABSTRACT Background Patients infected with HIV-1 initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) show presumably fewer atherogenic lipid changes than those initiating most ARTs containing a protease inhibitor. We analysed whether lipid changes differed between... | Introduction Numerous large epidemiological studies have unambiguously demonstrated a strong inverse relationship between the plasma concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) [ 1 , 2 ]. Recent attempts to develop therapies aimed at increasing HDL-c a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC523838.xml |
555762 | Do malaria ookinete surface proteins P25 and P28 mediate parasite entry into mosquito midgut epithelial cells? | Background P25 and P28 are related ookinete surface proteins highly conserved throughout the Plasmodium genus that are under consideration as candidates for inclusion in transmission-blocking vaccines. Previous research using transgenic rodent malaria parasites lacking P25 and P28 has demonstrated that these proteins h... | Background P25 and P28 are related major ookinete surface proteins under consideration as candidates for inclusion in transmission-blocking vaccines [ 1 - 4 ]. Consequently, the expression [ 5 - 18 ], localisation [ 8 , 12 , 17 - 24 ] and function [ 21 , 25 - 29 ] of these molecules, together with the effect on parasit... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555762.xml |
423145 | Choices: The Science of Bela Julesz | Highlights of Bela Julesz's scientific career in visual neuroscience | Throughout his career, Bela Julesz created new scientific disciplines by remarkable combinations of seemingly disparate approaches. The selection of his major discipline, which would eventually be called visual neuroscience, may have been serendipity or choice. When the unexpected Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956 spu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC423145.xml |
423151 | Everything You Always Wanted to Know about Sexes | What defines a sex? Although we tend to think there are only two - males and females - there are many different ways to mix and match the attributes of sexes | From a human perspective, sexes seem a relatively simple thing to get one's head around—there are females, and there are males. But our perspective seems biased and narrow when applied to life as a whole, says evolutionary biologist Laurence Hurst of the University of Bath, United Kingdom.“If you were a single-celled a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC423151.xml |
514716 | The geographic distribution of breast cancer incidence in Massachusetts 1988 to 1997, adjusted for covariates | Background The aims of this study were to determine whether observed geographic variations in breast cancer incidence are random or statistically significant, whether statistically significant excesses are temporary or time-persistent, and whether they can be explained by covariates such as socioeconomic status (SES) o... | Background This study is an observational epidemiological investigation of breast cancer incidence in Massachusetts. It examines geographic variations over a ten year period using both purely spatial and space-time models to determine whether observed fluctuations in incidence rates are random or whether fluctuations r... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514716.xml |
514892 | C-type lectin-like domains in Fugu rubripes | Background Members of the C-type lectin domain (CTLD) superfamily are metazoan proteins functionally important in glycoprotein metabolism, mechanisms of multicellular integration and immunity. Three genome-level studies on human, C. elegans and D. melanogaster reported previously demonstrated almost complete divergence... | Background The superfamily of proteins containing the C-type (Ca-dependent) lectin-like domain (CTLD) is a large group of extracellular proteins characterized by evolutionary flexibility and functional versatility [ 1 , 2 ]. Its members have been extensively studied because of their involvement in diverse physiological... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514892.xml |
529468 | Community effectiveness of chloroquine and traditional remedies in the treatment of young children with falciparum malaria in rural Burkina Faso | Background There is little information on the effectiveness of modern compared to traditional malaria treatment from the rural areas of Africa. Methods Follow-up of 402 episodes of clinical malaria among pre-school children in Nouna Health District, northwestern Burkina Faso. The exposure of interest was the type of tr... | Introduction It has been estimated that at least one million annual malaria deaths occur among young children in rural sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Most of these deaths are in areas with little access to health services [ 1 - 4 ]. Under such circumstances, home treatment with chloroquine, antipyretics and traditional reme... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529468.xml |
529454 | Screening for known mutations in EIF2B genes in a large panel of patients with premature ovarian failure | Background Premature Ovarian Failure (POF), defined as the development of hypergonadotropic amenorrhea before the age of 40 years, occurs in about 1% of all women. Other than karyotype abnormalities, very few genes are known to be associated with this ovarian dysfunction. Recently, in seven patients who presented with ... | Background Premature Ovarian Failure (POF) can present as a primary or secondary amenorrhea and is associated with elevated gonadotropins before 40 years of age. POF affects 1% of all women and occurs in 0.1% before the age of 30 years [ 1 ]. POF has been associated with karyotype abnormalities, including various X chr... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529454.xml |
524170 | Diagnostic polymorphisms in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene allow discrimination between cattle, sheep, goat, roe buck and deer by PCR-RFLP | Background As an alternative to direct DNA sequencing of PCR products, random PCR-RFLP is an efficient technique to discriminate between species. The PCR-RFLP-method is an inexpensive tool in forensic science, even if the template is degraded or contains only traces of DNA from various species. Results Interspecies-spe... | Background Determination of the species from which traces of source material, such as blood stains on a leaf, originate can sometimes be a difficult task in forensic DNA analysis. For instance, insurance claims that involve car accidents with animals require authentication. Species identification is also essential in f... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524170.xml |
544860 | Dietary isoflavones alter regulatory behaviors, metabolic hormones and neuroendocrine function in Long-Evans male rats | Background Phytoestrogens derived from soy foods (or isoflavones) have received prevalent usage due to their 'health benefits' of decreasing: a) age-related diseases, b) hormone-dependent cancers and c) postmenopausal symptoms. However, little is known about the influence of dietary phytoestrogens on regulatory behavio... | Background Some phytochemicals are considered to be endocrine disrupters that mimic or modulate the physiological effects of steroid hormones, especially that of estrogens [ 1 , 2 ]. Of all estrogenic endocrine disrupters examined thus far, phytoestrogens have been extensively studied [ 1 - 6 ]. Phytoestrogens represen... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544860.xml |
544874 | Association between mortality from suicide in England and antidepressant prescribing: an ecological study | Background Antidepressant prescribing has been increasing in England. Studies in other countries suggest that while this may be associated with reduced suicide rates, it may also be associated with increased fatal poisoning from antidepressant drugs. We therefore conducted an ecological study to assess the association ... | Background Around 5000 people take their own lives in England every year [ 1 ]. The Government's White Paper Saving Lives: Our Healthier Nation sets a target to reduce suicide deaths by 20% by 2010 [ 2 ]. One of the most common risk factors amongst suicide victims is a major depressive episode (present in about 60–90% ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544874.xml |
555951 | Mortality registration and surveillance in China: History, current situation and challenges | Background Mortality statistics are key inputs for evidence based health policy at national level. Little is known of the empirical basis for mortality statistics in China, which accounts for roughly one-fifth of the world's population. An adequate description of the evolution of mortality registration in China and its... | Introduction Data on the causes, levels and patterns of mortality are critical to support the development of evidence-based health policy. Cause of death statistics represent the longest historical series of data on the health of populations, in some cases extending back well over 150 years [ 1 ]. Yet, complete vital r... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555951.xml |
514702 | MPSS profiling of human embryonic stem cells | Background Pooled human embryonic stem cells (hESC) cell lines were profiled to obtain a comprehensive list of genes common to undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells. Results Pooled hESC lines were profiled to obtain a comprehensive list of genes common to human ES cells. Massively parallel signature sequencing (M... | Background Multiple large-scale analytical techniques to assess gene expression in defined cell populations have been developed. These include microarray analysis, EST enumeration, SAGE and MPSS. Each of these techniques offers unique advantages and disadvantages. Technique selection largely depends on the expertise of... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514702.xml |
526767 | GeneLink: a database to facilitate genetic studies of complex traits | Background In contrast to gene-mapping studies of simple Mendelian disorders, genetic analyses of complex traits are far more challenging, and high quality data management systems are often critical to the success of these projects. To minimize the difficulties inherent in complex trait studies, we have developed GeneL... | Background In the past decade, hundreds of genes involved in the etiology of simple Mendelian disorders such as cystic fibrosis and Huntington's disease have been identified [ 1 - 3 ]. The genetic localization of these disorders, primarily through positional cloning approaches, has been highly successful because of the... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526767.xml |
524164 | Consumers as tutors – legitimate teachers? | Background The aim of this study was to research the feasibility of training mental health consumers as tutors for 4 th year medical students in psychiatry. Methods A partnership between a consumer network and an academic unit in Psychological Medicine was formed to jointly develop a training package for consumer tutor... | Background Interview skills, while important in all areas of medicine, are a prime focus of educational endeavour in the teaching of psychiatry. The interview is the cornerstone of psychiatric investigation and the scene for the establishment of rapport and therapeutic engagement. The importance of effective skills tra... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524164.xml |
543464 | How Statins May Protect against Alzheimer Disease | null | Epidemiological studies suggest that statins, a class of cholesterol-lowering drugs, may lower the risk for Alzheimer disease. The mechanism for this effect is unclear. Alzheimer disease is characterized by accumulation of amyloid deposits in the brain. These deposits are composed of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide, a protei... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC543464.xml |
544848 | Accuracy of body composition measurements by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in underweight patients with chronic intestinal disease and in lean subjects | Background To assess the accuracy of Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in underweight patients with chronic gastrointestinal disease, we investigated the ability of DXA to detect variations in body composition induced by infusion of parenteral nutrition (PN). Furthermore, the influence of a low body weight per se ... | Background Malnutrition is commonly observed in patients with chronic gastrointestinal disease and nutritional support is therefore an integral part of the management of these patients. Accurate and precise methods that are sensitive enough to track small changes in body composition are important for assessing the effe... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC544848.xml |
549607 | How Tumor Cells Acquire Resistance to Kinase Inhibitors | null | Acquired resistance to chemotherapy is a major obstacle to successful cancer treatment. Understanding the mechanisms by which tumors become resistant to a particular agent is key to identifying new drugs or combination regimens. Kinases are signaling molecules that control many aspects of cell behavior, including cell ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549607.xml |
212699 | Developmental Origin and Evolution of Bacteriocytes in the Aphid–Buchnera Symbiosis | Symbiotic relationships between bacteria and insect hosts are common. Although the bacterial endosymbionts have been subjected to intense investigation, little is known of the host cells in which they reside, the bacteriocytes. We have studied the development and evolution of aphid bacteriocytes, the host cells that co... | Introduction Endosymbiosis is common in insects, with more than 10% of insect species relying upon intracellular bacteria for their development and survival ( Baumann et al. 2000 ). Full genome sequencing of the endosymbiotic bacteria, Buchnera aphidicola , of several species of aphids has revealed extensive gene loss ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC212699.xml |
555945 | Mice have a transcribed L-threonine aldolase/GLY1 gene, but the human GLY1 gene is a non-processed pseudogene | Background There are three pathways of L-threonine catabolism. The enzyme L-threonine aldolase (TA) has been shown to catalyse the conversion of L-threonine to yield glycine and acetaldehyde in bacteria, fungi and plants. Low levels of TA enzymatic activity have been found in vertebrates. It has been suggested that any... | Background Elucidating the factors involved in threonine homoeostasis is important for the development of nutritional strategies in human clinical diets for treating patients suffering from wasting diseases. In farmed animals the regulation of livestock feed is required to ensure optimal growth and to reduce nitrogen e... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555945.xml |
514528 | Colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability display mRNA expression signatures characteristic of increased immunogenicity | Background Colorectal cancers displaying high-degree microsatellite instability (MSI-H) have an improved prognosis compared to microsatellite stable (MSS) cancers. The observation of pronounced lymphocytic infiltrates suggests that MSI-H cancers are inherently more immunogenic. We aimed to compare the gene expression p... | Background Colorectal cancer remains a leading cause of cancer death in the Western world despite recent advances in surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy [ 1 ]. Immunotherapy has attracted attention as a novel treatment modality that may exploit the host immune response against tumour cells. However, definitive evide... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC514528.xml |
529440 | Gel shift analysis of the empA promoter region in Vibrio anguillarum | Background The induction of metalloprotease encoded by empA in Vibrio anguillarum occurs at high cell density in salmon intestinal mucus. Previously we have shown that there are significant differences in empA expression in two strains of V. anguillarum , M93Sm and NB10. It is hypothesized that differences in empA regu... | Background Vibrio anguillarum is the causative agent of vibriosis, one of the major bacterial diseases affecting fish, bivalves, and crustaceans [ 1 - 3 ]. Vibriosis has been a major problem for the aquaculture industry around the world. Large economic losses due to this fish pathogen are sustained by the fish farming ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529440.xml |
555560 | BrdU-positive cells in the neonatal mouse hippocampus following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury | Background Mechanisms that affect recovery from fetal and neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (H-I) brain injury have not been fully elucidated. The incidence of intrapartum asphyxia is approximately 2.5%, but the occurrence of adverse clinical outcome is much lower. One of the factors which may account for this relatively good ... | Background The incidence of intrapartum asphyxia was recently determined to be 2.5% in a large population of singleton pregnancies [ 1 ]. Even so, the occurrence of adverse neurological outcome following delivery is actually much lower. There are undoubtedly a number of reasons why greater numbers of infants do not suf... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555560.xml |
555548 | A simplified high-throughput method for pyrethroid knock-down resistance (kdr) detection in Anopheles gambiae | Background A single base pair mutation in the sodium channel confers knock-down resistance to pyrethroids in many insect species. Its occurrence in Anopheles mosquitoes may have important implications for malaria vector control especially considering the current trend for large scale pyrethroid-treated bednet programme... | Background The successful trials of pyrethroid insecticide-treated nets for malaria control in various endemic settings has led to the Roll Back Malaria initiative adopting the approach as one of the cornerstones of its malaria control programmes [ 1 - 3 ]. However, the increasing prevalence of insecticide resistance i... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555548.xml |
548519 | The absence of reactive oxygen species production protects mice against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis | Background Reactive oxygen species and tissue remodeling regulators, such as metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs), are thought to be involved in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. We investigated these factors in the fibrotic response to bleomycin of p47 phox -/- (KO) mice, deficient for ROS produ... | Background Pulmonary fibrosis is a severe chronic disease with various causes and poor prognosis. Its main histological features include lesions of the alveolar septa, fibroblast and myofibroblast proliferation in lung parenchyma, abnormal reepithelialization, and excessive extracellular matrix macromolecule deposition... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548519.xml |
519030 | Dichotomous factor analysis of symptoms reported by UK and US veterans of the 1991 Gulf War | Background Factor analysis is one of the most used statistical techniques to analyze the inter-relationships among symptoms reported by Gulf War veterans. The objective of this study was to apply factor analyses to binary symptom data from the UK study of Gulf War illness and the US Air Force study of Gulf War veterans... | Introduction Reports that veterans of the 1991 Gulf War were suffering from unexplained signs and symptoms started to appear as early as one year after the conflict [ 1 ]. Veterans complained of several symptoms including myalgia, arthralgia and debilitating fatigue, but no cause could be found. Over a decade later, it... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC519030.xml |
526773 | Reduction of arsenic content in a complex galena concentrate by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans | Background Bioleaching is a process that has been used in the past in mineral pretreatment of refractory sulfides, mainly in the gold, copper and uranium benefit. This technology has been proved to be cheaper, more efficient and environmentally friendly than roasting and high pressure moisture heating processes. So far... | Background The term bioleaching refers to the bacterial conversion of an insoluble metal (usually a metal sulfide, e.g., CuS, NiS, ZnS) into a soluble form (usually the metal sulfate e.g., CuSO 4 , NiSO 4 , ZnSO 4 ). When this happens, the metal is extracted into water [ 1 , 2 ]. The first bacterium discovered that was... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526773.xml |
551538 | Fast and systematic genome-wide discovery of conserved regulatory elements using a non-alignment based approach | The authors describe a powerful approach for discovering globally conserved regulatory elements between two genomes that does not require alignments. Its application to pairs of yeasts, worm, flies and mammals, yields a large number of known and novel putative regulatory elements, many of which show surprising conserva... | Background One of the major challenges facing biology is to reconstruct the entire network of protein-DNA interactions within living cells. A large fraction of protein-DNA interactions corresponds to transcriptional regulators binding DNA in the neighborhood of protein-coding and RNA genes. By interacting with RNA poly... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC551538.xml |
543470 | An information integration theory of consciousness | Background Consciousness poses two main problems. The first is understanding the conditions that determine to what extent a system has conscious experience. For instance, why is our consciousness generated by certain parts of our brain, such as the thalamocortical system, and not by other parts, such as the cerebellum?... | Background Consciousness is everything we experience. Think of it as what abandons us every night when we fall into dreamless sleep and returns the next morning when we wake up [ 1 ]. Without consciousness, as far as we are concerned, there would be neither an external world nor our own selves: there would be nothing a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC543470.xml |
515178 | The effect of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy on small for gestational age and stillbirth: a population based study | Background Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are leading causes of maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, studies attempting to quantify the effect of hypertension on adverse perinatal outcomes have been mostly conducted in tertiary centres. This population-based study explored the f... | Background Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy complicate approximately 10–16% of pregnancies and are leading causes of maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide [ 1 - 3 ]. Definitions, classifications, assessment and management of hypertensive disorders vary considerably in the literature and from... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC515178.xml |
509237 | Accuracy of cDNA microarray methods to detect small gene expression changes induced by neuregulin on breast epithelial cells | Background cDNA microarrays are a powerful means to screen for biologically relevant gene expression changes, but are often limited by their ability to detect small changes accurately due to "noise" from random and systematic errors. While experimental designs and statistical analysis methods have been proposed to redu... | Background Spotted cDNA microarrays are used in high-throughput experiments that interrogate the relative expression of thousands of genes simultaneously for many biological processes with wide applications in biological and medical research. Typically in a two-dye spotted cDNA microarray experiment, two mRNA samples a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509237.xml |
519024 | Liver sinusoidal endothelial cell modulation upon resection and shear stress in vitro | Background Shear stress forces acting on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells following resection have been noted as a possible trigger in the early stages of hepatic regeneration. Thus, the morphology and gene expression of endothelial cells following partial hepatectomy or shear stress in vitro was studied. Results Fol... | Background Following partial hepatectomy (PHx) the remaining liver is transfused by normal blood volume, thereby exposing liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LECs) to excess hemodynamic forces. These forces have been noted as an early event leading to liver restoration in rats [ 1 - 3 ]; however, the idea that quality ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC519024.xml |
543458 | Comparing functional annotation analyses with Catmap | Background Ranked gene lists from microarray experiments are usually analysed by assigning significance to predefined gene categories, e.g ., based on functional annotations. Tools performing such analyses are often restricted to a category score based on a cutoff in the ranked list and a significance calculation based... | Background In genome-wide microarray experiments, it is possible to analyse the relevance of many different categories of genes, obtained from prior knowledge in the form of database annotations or from other experiments. These gene annotation analyses can unravel new information about pathways and cellular functions r... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC543458.xml |
545997 | Explaining inconsistencies between data on condom use and condom sales | Background Several HIV prevention programs use data on condom sales and survey-based data on condom prevalence to monitor progress. However, such indicators are not always consistent. This paper aims to explain these inconsistencies and to assess whether the number of sex acts and the number of condoms used can be esti... | Background Programs that promote condom use for HIV prevention typically monitor their progress through survey-based indicators, such as the percentage of the population who ever used a condom or the percentage who used a condom in their last sex act with a casual or regular partner [ 1 , 2 ]. Such information is routi... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545997.xml |
545940 | Gene expression profiling of melanoma cells – searching the haystack | Cancer is being increasingly recognized as a very heterogeneous disease, both within an individual tumor and within a tumor type and among tumor types. This heterogeneity is manifested both at the genetic and phenotypic level and determines the progression of disease and response to therapy. It is possible to see the h... | Commentary Cancer is being increasingly recognized as a very heterogeneous disease, both within an individual tumor and within a tumor type and among tumor types. This heterogeneity is manifested both at the genetic and phenotypic level and determines the progression of disease and response to therapy. It is possible t... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545940.xml |
545968 | An electronic application for rapidly calculating Charlson comorbidity score | Background Uncertainty regarding comorbid illness, and ability to tolerate aggressive therapy has led to minimal enrollment of elderly cancer patients into clinical trials and often substandard treatment. Increasingly, comorbid illness scales have proven useful in identifying subgroups of elderly patients who are more ... | Background Comorbid illness plays an essential, but poorly defined, role in the diagnosis and management of malignant disease. Increasingly, the importance of measuring comorbidity in consistent and quantifiable ways is being recognized. This movement has stemmed in part from a growing consensus that comorbidity confou... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545968.xml |
527874 | Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) of the uterine cervix associated with intraabdominal "PEComatosis": A clinicopathological study with comparative genomic hybridization analysis | Background The World Health Organization recently recognized a family of neoplasms showing at least partial morphological or immunohistochemical evidence of a putative perivascular epithelioid cell (PEC) differentiation. These tumors include angiomyolipoma (AML), clear cell "sugar" tumors of the lung (CCST), lymphangio... | Background Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComa) have been the subject of abundant discussion in the medical literature over the past decade [ 1 - 47 ]. Morphologic and immunophenotypic similarities between some constituent cells of renal angiomyolipomas (AML) and those of a case of clear cell "sugar" tumor of ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC527874.xml |
434149 | DNA Display II. Genetic Manipulation of Combinatorial Chemistry Libraries for Small-Molecule Evolution | Biological in vitro selection techniques, such as RNA aptamer methods and mRNA display, have proven to be powerful approaches for engineering molecules with novel functions. These techniques are based on iterative amplification of biopolymer libraries, interposed by selection for a desired functional property. Rare, pr... | Introduction Creation of molecular function represents a fundamental challenge. Nature accomplishes the task through evolution, iterating cycles of selection, amplification, and diversification. Multiple generations of selective pressure and reproduction transform a diverse population into one consisting only of molecu... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC434149.xml |
517948 | Optimisation of the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis protocol using the Taguchi approach | Background Quantitative proteomic analyses have traditionally used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) for separation and characterisation of complex protein mixtures. Among the difficulties associated with this approach is the solubilisation of protein mixtures for isoelectric focusing (IEF). To find the optimal... | Background During cell cycle progression different functional protein complexes associate with and dissociate from chromosomal DNA [ 1 , 2 ]. We have taken a proteomic strategy to identify and then characterize proteins that are bound to chromatin at defined stages of the cell cycle in cell free extracts derived from X... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC517948.xml |
545954 | Splenectomy for solitary splenic metastasis of ovarian cancer | Background Splenic metastases occur in rare cases with a few case reports of patients in the literature. Generally, splenic metastases mean late dissemination of a disease. Solitary splenic metastases from solid tumors are extremely unusual. Case presentation We report a case of a patient with ovarian mucinous cystaden... | Background Splenic metastases from solid tumors occur in late stage of a disease, so those can hardly be an indication for a surgery. Cancers of the ovaries, lung, breast, stomach, skin and colon are known to metastasize to the spleen [ 1 ]. Even though recent reports suggest increasing incidence of splenic metastasis ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545954.xml |
535531 | Knowledge of malaria influences the use of insecticide treated nets but not intermittent presumptive treatment by pregnant women in Tanzania | Background To reduce the intolerable burden of malaria in pregnancy, the Ministry of Health in Tanzania has recently adopted a policy of intermittent presumptive treatment for pregnant women using sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP). In addition, there is strong national commitment to increase distribution of insectic... | Background Plasmodium falciparum malaria in pregnancy poses a substantial risk to pregnant women and their offspring: it has been estimated that malaria in pregnancy is the primary cause of up to 10,000 maternal anaemia-related deaths in sub-Saharan Africa annually [ 1 ]. Further, malaria in pregnancy increases the ris... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535531.xml |
524372 | ArrayD: A general purpose software for Microarray design | Background Microarray is a high-throughput technology to study expression of thousands of genes in parallel. A critical aspect of microarray production is the design aimed at space optimization while maximizing the number of gene probes and their replicates to be spotted. Results We have developed a software called 'Ar... | Background Microarray is a popularly used high-throughput technology to investigate gene expression of thousands of genes simultaneously at the level of mRNA. Ever since the development of this technology [ 1 - 3 ], transcriptional profiling at the genomic level has been employed to address numerous issues in biology a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524372.xml |
539337 | Ancient DNA Tells Story of Giant Eagle Evolution | null | The recent discovery of a Hobbit-like hominid on the Indonesian island of Flores was startling in some respects—its rather modern existence, for one—but it represents a classic case of Darwinian evolution. For reasons that are not entirely clear, when animals make their way to isolated islands, they tend to evolve rela... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539337.xml |
548294 | Adoptive transfer of dendritic cells modulates immunogenesis and tolerogenesis in a neonatal model of murine cutaneous leishmaniasis | We evaluated the adoptive transfer of DCs on Leishmania (L.) mexicana -infected neonatal BALB/c mice. DCs were isolated and purified from the spleens of the following donor groups: a) Adult BALB/c mice infected during adulthood with L. (L) mexicana ; b) Adult BALB/c mice infected during neonatal life; c) Healthy neonat... | Background Medawar et al. [ 1 ] showed almost half a century ago that rodents injected at birth with splenocytes from genetically different donors could accept transplants from that donor as an adult. These milestone experiments guided the notion that the introduction of antigens during neonatal life leads to tolerance... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548294.xml |
526203 | Activation of Erk and JNK MAPK pathways by acute swim stress in rat brain regions | Background The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have been shown to participate in a wide array of cellular functions. A role for some MAPKs (e.g., extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Erk1/2) has been documented in response to certain physiological stimuli, such as ischemia, visceral pain and electroconvulsi... | Background Increasing evidence implicates stress as an important factor in the vulnerability to depressive and other mental illnesses [ 1 - 3 ]. Consequently, understanding the cellular and biochemical mechanisms that transduce stress signals may inform our insight into the factors that lead to depression, as well as p... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526203.xml |
524370 | The missed lessons of Sir Austin Bradford Hill | Austin Bradford Hill's landmark 1965 paper contains several important lessons for the current conduct of epidemiology. Unfortunately, it is almost exclusively cited as the source of the "Bradford-Hill criteria" for inferring causation when association is observed, despite Hill's explicit statement that cause-effect dec... | Introduction One of the most cited papers in health research is Austin Bradford Hill's "The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?" [ 1 ], Hill's 1965 Presidential Address to the Section of Occupational Medicine of the Royal Society of Medicine, where he presented what are now commonly called the "Bradford-... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524370.xml |
524366 | Tracking of physical activity, fitness, body composition and diet from adolescence to young adulthood: The Young Hearts Project, Northern Ireland | Background The assumption that lifestyles formed early in life track into adulthood has been used to justify the targeting of health promotion programmes towards children and adolescents. The aim of the current study was to use data from the Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project to ascertain the extent of tracking, bet... | Background Numerous epidemiological studies in adults have identified environmental and physiological risk factors that are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Among the many that have been identified [ 1 ], the major modifiable risk factors include physical inactivity, poor cardiorespirato... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524366.xml |
545942 | Association of SNP3 polymorphism in the apolipoprotein A-V gene with plasma triglyceride level in Tunisian type 2 diabetes | Background Apolipoprotein A-V (Apo A-V) gene has recently been identified as a new apolipoprotein involved in triglyceride metabolism. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP3) located in the gene promoter (-1131) was associated with triglyceride variation in healthy subjects. In type 2 diabetes the triglyceride level in... | Background Dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes are most frequently characterized by elevation of total serum triglycerides, of very low density lipoprotein-triglyceride (VLDL-TG) and low level of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) [ 1 ]. Hypertriglyceridemia is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disea... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545942.xml |
545956 | Short description of an alternative simplified method for screening recombinant clones within the "AdEasy-System" by Duplex-PCR | Background Recombinant adenoviral vectors are highly efficient for in vitro and in vivo gene delivery. They can easily be produced in large numbers, transduce a wide variety of cell types and generate high levels of transgene expression. The AdEasy system is a widely used system for generating recombinant adenoviral ve... | Background Recombinant adenoviral vectors are highly efficient for in vitro and in vivo gene delivery. They can easily be produced in large numbers, transduce a wide variety of cell types and generate high levels of transgene expression. The AdEasy system is a widely used, simplified system for generating recombinant a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545956.xml |
526217 | Reduced proviral loads during primo-infection of sheep by Bovine Leukemia virus attenuated mutants | Background The early stages consecutive to infection of sheep (e.g. primo-infection) by Bovine leukemia virus mutants are largely unknown. In order to better understand the mechanisms associated with this period, we aimed at analyzing simultaneously three parameters: B-lymphocytosis, cell proliferation and viral replic... | Background Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an oncogenic retrovirus closely related to the primate T-cell leukemia viruses [ 1 ]. These viruses are exogenous to their host species [ 2 , 3 ], have similar genomic organizations [ 4 ], integrate into dispersed sites within the host genome [ 5 , 6 ] and appear transcriptiona... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526217.xml |
555589 | A comparative study of reaction times between type II diabetics and non-diabetics | Background Aging has been shown to slow reflexes and increase reaction time to varied stimuli. However, the effect of Type II diabetes on these same reaction times has not been reported. Diabetes affects peripheral nerves in the somatosensory and auditory system, slows psychomotor responses, and has cognitive effects o... | Background Aging slows reflexes and increases the time to react to a number of external stimuli of different modalities [ 1 - 4 ]. What has escaped extensive examination has been the effect of Type II diabetes on these same reaction times and the comparison of modalities across the various sensory inputs. Only two stud... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555589.xml |
534613 | Factors involved in the inflammatory events of cervical ripening in humans | Background Cervical ripening is an inflammatory reaction. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mediates glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory reactions, whereas nuclear factor (NF)kappaB is a key pro-inflammatory transcription factor. Prostaglandins as well as platelet activating factor (PAF) are inflammatory mediators. Inducib... | Background The human uterine cervix undergoes biochemical changes resulting in softening, effacement and dilatation during pregnancy and labor. This remodeling, or ripening, is a prerequisite for parturition [ 1 ]. It is characterized by inflammatory events, such as extravasation of neutrophils and macrophages [ 2 , 3 ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC534613.xml |
535533 | Methodology for evaluating Insite: Canada's first medically supervised safer injection facility for injection drug users | Many Canadian cities are experiencing ongoing infectious disease and overdose epidemics among injection drug users (IDUs). In particular, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and hepatitis C Virus (HCV) have become endemic in many settings and bacterial and viral infections, such as endocarditis and cellulitis, have beco... | Introduction Many Canadian cities are currently experiencing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemics as a result of illicit injection drug use [ 1 , 2 ]. Other costly infectious diseases that can be easily acquired from non-hygenic injection practices, such as endocarditis and celluliti... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC535533.xml |
548282 | Time-lapse analysis of potential cellular responsiveness to Johrei, a Japanese healing technique | Background Johrei is an alternative healing practice which involves the channeling of a purported universal healing energy to influence the health of another person. Despite little evidence to support the efficacy of such practices the use of such treatments is on the rise. Methods We assessed cultured human cancer cel... | Background Relatively little documentation supports a scientific basis for alternative healing therapies involving the manipulation of a purported healing energy associated with the body. Despite this paucity of evidence, such energy healing modalities are becoming increasingly popular. Recent surveys indicate the majo... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548282.xml |
526215 | Association of mitral annulus calcification, aortic valve calcification with carotid intima media thickness | Background Mitral annular calcification (MAC) and aortic annular calcification (AVC) may represent a manifestation of generalized atherosclerosis in the elederly. Alterations in vascular structure, as indexed by the intima media thickness (IMT), are also recognized as independent predictors of adverse cardiovascular ou... | Background Mitral annular calcification (MAC) and aortic annular calcification (AVC) are observed in populations that develop significant atherosclerosis and more frequently in the elderly [ 1 ]. Previous pathological studies have suggested they represent a degenerative process that progresses with advancing age [ 2 - ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526215.xml |
548296 | The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme 2003–2004 | The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) grew by 8% in 2003–04; a slower rate than the 12.0% pa average growth over the last decade. Nevertheless, the sustainability of the Scheme remained an ongoing concern given an aging population and the continued introduction of useful (but increasingly expensive) new medicines. T... | Review This paper reviews the growth of the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) during 2002–03; concerns about the sustainability of the Scheme, the government's response, a potential new threat that emerged and issues that remain to be tackled. The growth and sustainability of the PBS From March 2003 to March 2004, a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548296.xml |
549188 | Teaching appropriate interactions with pharmaceutical company representatives: The impact of an innovative workshop on student attitudes | Background Pharmaceutical company representatives (PCRs) influence the prescribing habits and professional behaviour of physicians. However, the skills for interacting with PCRs are not taught in the traditional medical school curriculum. We examined whether an innovative, mandatory workshop for third year medical stud... | Background Pharmaceutical company representatives (PCRs) influence the prescribing habits and professional behavior of physicians [ 1 ]. Despite the availability of guidelines regarding appropriate interactions with PCRs for practicing physicians [ 2 - 4 ], the skills for interacting with PCRs have not been included as... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549188.xml |
539335 | Flux Analysis Uncovers Key Role of Functional Redundancy in Formaldehyde Metabolism | Genome-scale analysis of predicted metabolic pathways has revealed the common occurrence of apparent redundancy for specific functional units, or metabolic modules. In many cases, mutation analysis does not resolve function, and instead, direct experimental analysis of metabolic flux under changing conditions is necess... | Introduction The availability of large numbers of genome sequences has facilitated metabolic reconstruction based on predicted gene function, in essence, a prediction of the metabolic blueprint of a cell. Such metabolic reconstructions [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] can be grouped in functional segments, or metabolic modules [ 4 , 5 ],... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC539335.xml |
549605 | Designing an Equitable Strategy for Allocating Antiretroviral Treatments | A study by Wilson and Blower in the February issue of PLoS Medicine addressed the issue of ensuring equity in distributing AIDS medications. Reis and Capron discuss the study's implications | Background Of the roughly 40 million people living with HIV [ 1 ], an estimated 6 million in developing countries urgently need life-saving antiretroviral therapy (ART) [ 2 ]. Yet when the 3 by 5 Initiative was launched by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) i... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC549605.xml |
545798 | Integrating phenotypic and expression profiles to map arsenic-response networks | By integrating phenotypic and transcriptional profiling and mapping the data onto metabolic and regulatory networks, it was shown that arsenic probably channels sulfur into glutathione for detoxification, leads to indirect oxidative stress by depleting glutathione pools, and alters protein turnover via arsenation of su... | Background Global technologies in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have changed the face of biological study from the investigation of individual genes and proteins to a systems-biology approach involving integration of global gene expression with protein-protein and protein-DNA information [ 1 ]. These data,... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545798.xml |
524358 | Morphine for elective endotracheal intubation in neonates: a randomized trial [ISRCTN43546373] | Background Elective endotracheal intubations are still commonly performed without premedication in many institutions. The hypothesis tested in this study was that morphine given prior to elective intubations in neonates would decrease fluctuations in vital signs, shorten the duration of intubation and reduce the number... | Background Endotracheal intubation is a painful and stressful procedure, which is associated with acute increases in blood pressure and intracranial pressure, bradycardia and hypoxemia [ 1 ]. These physiologic changes are potentially of sufficient magnitude to produce the reperfusion injury and venous congestion associ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524358.xml |
548280 | Genetics and geometry of canalization and developmental stability in Drosophila subobscura | Background Many properties of organisms show great robustness against genetic and environmental perturbations. The terms canalization and developmental stability were originally proposed to describe the ability of an organism to resist perturbations and to produce a predictable target phenotype regardless of random dev... | Background Phenotypic robustness refers to the invariance of the specified target phenotype given the genetic makeup and environmental conditions. Whereas the presence of naturally occurring phenotypic variation is at the core of evolutionary biology, developmental geneticists have traditionally considered it as a nuis... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548280.xml |
524364 | The evolution of drug-activated nuclear receptors: one ancestral gene diverged into two xenosensor genes in mammals | Background Drugs and other xenobiotics alter gene expression of cytochromes P450 (CYP) by activating the pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) in mammals. In non-mammalian species, only one xenosensor gene has been found. Using chicken as a model organism, the aim of our study was to eluc... | Background A gene superfamily of heme-proteins, the cytochromes P450 (CYP), encodes the main enzymatic system for metabolism of structurally diverse lipophilic substrates [ 1 ]. A subset of these CYPs can be activated or inhibited in the liver by a variety of xenobiotic and endobiotic compounds. Transcriptional activat... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC524364.xml |
545995 | Concepts of patients with alopecia areata about their disease | Background Alopecia areata (AA) is a common and chronic skin disease with an unknown etiology. It may significantly affect the patient quality of life. This study was designed to evaluate the illness perception in patients with AA. Methods A questionnaire consisting of 25 questions about causes, timeline, consequences ... | Background Alopecia areata (AA) is manifested as a sudden loss of hairs without any inflammation or scarring. The hair loss might be seen in a circumscribed area or the whole scalp (alopecia totalis or AT) or whole body (alopecia universalis or AU) [ 1 ]. It is a common disease and at any given time, 0.2% of the popula... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC545995.xml |
527876 | Neuronal oxidative damage and dendritic degeneration following activation of CD14-dependent innate immune response in vivo | The cause-and-effect relationship between innate immune activation and neurodegeneration has been difficult to prove in complex animal models and patients. Here we review findings from a model of direct innate immune activation via CD14 stimulation using intracerebroventricular injection of lipopolysaccharide. These da... | Introduction Activated innate immunity is associated with several degenerative and destructive brain diseases including Alzheimer disease (AD), HIV-associated dementia (HAD), ischemia, head trauma, stroke, cerebral palsy, and axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis [ 1 ]. In this complex response, some aspects are pr... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC527876.xml |
509235 | A computer simulation analysis of the accuracy of partial genome sequencing and restriction fragment analysis in estimating genetic relationships: an application to papillomavirus DNA sequences | Background Determination of genetic relatedness among microorganisms provides information necessary for making inferences regarding phylogeny. However, there is little information available on how well the genetic relationships inferred from different genotyping methods agree with true genetic relationships. In this re... | Background Precise estimation of genetic relatedness between isolates of a microorganism is important for determination of phylogenetic relationships, which has important applications in studies of disease transmission [ 1 , 2 ]. The definitive standard for assessing genetic relatedness among organisms is the complete ... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC509235.xml |
519026 | Impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions: Prevalence and associations among persons living with HIV/AIDS in British Columbia | Background To measure the prevalence of and associations among impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions in persons living with HIV in British Columbia to inform support and care programs, policy and research. Methods A cross-sectional population-based sample of persons living with HIV in British... | Background For most people who are able to access and tolerate highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HIV/AIDS has become a chronic condition characterized by cycles of illness and wellness. People live longer lives, but with physical, psychological and social challenges that affect quality of life [ 1 - 3 ]. Ev... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC519026.xml |
548269 | Functional promoter upstream p53 regulatory sequence of IGFBP3 that is silenced by tumor specific methylation | Background Insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3 functions as a carrier of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in circulation and a mediator of the growth suppression signal in cells. There are two reported p53 regulatory regions in the IGFBP3 gene; one upstream of the promoter and one intronic. We previo... | Background Insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3 is a multifunctional protein ferrying insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in circulation and mediating growth suppression signals in cells. Serum IGFBP-3 protein (< 5000 ng/ml) complexes with IGFs and an acid labile subunit (ALS), to extend the half lives a... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC548269.xml |
543466 | Elevated serum procollagen type III peptide in splanchnic and peripheral circulation of patients with inflammatory bowel disease submitted to surgery | Background In the hypothesis that the increased collagen metabolism in the intestinal wall of patients affected by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is reflected in the systemic circulation, we aimed the study to evaluate serum level of procollagen III peptide (PIIIP) in peripheral and splanchnic circulation by a commer... | Background Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) of unknown origin of adolescent and young adulthood [ 1 ] where genetic polimorphisms [ 2 , 3 ], abnormal inflammation pathways activation [ 4 ], and environmental influences [ 5 ] seem to concur at different level... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC543466.xml |
543472 | Incremental genetic K-means algorithm and its application in gene expression data analysis | Background In recent years, clustering algorithms have been effectively applied in molecular biology for gene expression data analysis. With the help of clustering algorithms such as K-means, hierarchical clustering, SOM, etc, genes are partitioned into groups based on the similarity between their expression profiles. ... | Background In recent years, clustering algorithms have been effectively applied in molecular biology for gene expression data analysis (see [ 1 ] for an excellent survey). With the advancement in Microarray technology, it is now possible to observe the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously when the cel... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC543472.xml |
519032 | Retroviruses 2004: Review of the 2004 Cold Spring Harbor Retroviruses conference | For the past several decades, retrovirologists from around the world have gathered in late May at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories in New York to present their studies in formal talks and posters, and to discuss their ongoing research informally at the bar or on the beach. As organizers of the 2004 Cold Spring Harbo... | Entry Although no "new" retrovirus receptors were reported at the meeting, several talks centered on recently discovered receptors. N. Manel, from the groups that identified GLUT-1 as an entry receptor for HTLV-1 (N. Taylor, J.-L. Battini, and M. Sitbon) [ 1 ], proposed that part of the pathogenic effects of this virus... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC519032.xml |
526771 | Tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma masquerading asthma: A case report | Background Tracheal tumors are often misdiagnosed as asthma and are treated with inhaled steroids and bronchodilators without resolution. Case Presentation Here, a patient with tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma who had been previously diagnosed with difficult asthma was reported. The possibility of the presence of loca... | Background Tracheal tumors are uncommon and often overlooked until they reach to an advanced stage. The presenting symptoms are typically prolonged cough and wheezing that can be misdiagnosed as asthma [ 1 ]. Therefore, making precise diagnosis of tracheal tumor may be extremely challenging. Here, a patient with trache... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC526771.xml |
555576 | Duration of streptozotocin-induced diabetes differentially affects p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation in renal and vascular dysfunction | Background In the present study we tested the hypothesis that progression of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes (14-days to 28-days) would produce renal and vascular dysfunction that correlate with altered p38- mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) phosphorylation in kidneys and thoracic aorta. Methods Male Sp... | Introduction Diabetes is a complex and multifarious group of disorders characterized by hyperglycemia that has reached epidemic proportions in the present century. Infection is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among the diabetic population [ 1 ]. Diabetes is associated with vascular and renal dysfunction char... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555576.xml |
555562 | Activity of glucose oxidase functionalized onto magnetic nanoparticles | Background Magnetic nanoparticles have been significantly used for coupling with biomolecules, due to their unique properties. Methods Magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by thermal co-precipitation of ferric and ferrous chloride using two different base solutions. Glucose oxidase was bound to the particles by dire... | Background The immobilization of biomolecules onto insoluble supports is an important tool for the fabrication of a diverse range of functional materials or devices [ 1 ]. Enzyme immobilization for example, is a desired biological procedure because of the possible application of immobilized enzymes in continuous operat... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC555562.xml |
529324 | Retroviral Gene Vectors Show Clear Target Preferences | null | Despite some high-profile setbacks in gene therapy over the past few years, scientists have not lost hope that targeted gene transfer will one day treat a wide range of acquired and congenital diseases. After two young gene therapy patients developed a leukemia-like disorder last year—apparently because the viral vecto... | /Users/keerthanasridhar/biomedlm/data/PMC000xxxxxx/PMC529324.xml |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.