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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2007/06/05/full-and-faithful-functors/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=ae4d6bb289
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## Full and Faithful Functors We could try to adapt the definitions of epics and monics to functors, but it turns out they’re not really the most useful. Really what we’re most concerned with in transforming one category into another is their morphisms. The more useful notions are bes...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/5865?sort=votes
## Classical Calculi as Universal Quotients ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) As is well known, every differential calculus $(\Omega,d)$ over an algebra $A$ is a quotient of the universal calculus $(\Omega_A,d)$, by some ideal $I$. In the classic...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/examples-counterexamples?page=4&sort=newest&pagesize=15
# Tagged Questions Examples and counterexamples are great ways to learn about the intricacies of definitions in mathematics. Counterexamples are especially useful in topology and analysis where most things are fairly intuitive, but every now and then one may run into borderline cases where the naive intuition may ... ...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-sum
# Zero–sum game (Redirected from Zero-sum) Not to be confused with Empty sum. For other uses, see Zero sum (disambiguation). This article needs attention from an expert in Game theory. Please add a reason or a talk parameter to this template to explain the issue with the article. WikiProject Game theory (or its Porta...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/15486/how-strict-can-i-be-in-the-definition-of-2-group
## How strict can I be in the definition of “2-group”? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Recall that a group is an associative, unital monoid $G$ such that the map $(p_1,m) : G \times G \to G\times G$ is an isomorphism of sets. Here $p_1$ is the ...
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http://sbseminar.wordpress.com/2007/10/16/freedman-on-distinguishing-manifolds-with-quantum-topology/
## Freedman on distinguishing manifolds with quantum topology October 16, 2007 Posted by Noah Snyder in Category Theory, low-dimensional topology, quantum algebra, talks, tqft, Uncategorized. trackback This week Mike Freedman was in Berkeley for the annual series of three Bowen lectures. The first two were about t...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/algebra/58898-algebric-inequality.html
# Thread: 1. ## An algebric inequality For $x,y,z>0$, prove $x^{5}+y^{5}+z^{5}\leq x^{5}\sqrt{\frac{x^{2}}{yz}}+y^{5}\sqrt{\frac{y^{2 }}{xz}}+z^{5}\sqrt{\frac{z^{2}}{xy}}.$ thanks. 2. Originally Posted by bkarpuz For $x,y,z>0$, prove $x^{5}+y^{5}+z^{5}\geq x^{5}\sqrt{\frac{x^{2}}{yz}}+y^{5}\sqrt{\frac{y^{2 }}{xz}}+...
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http://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/1844/how-to-attack-a-general-polyalphabetic-cipher?answertab=oldest
# How to attack a general polyalphabetic cipher? I am able to decrypt vigenere cipher text using the index of coincidence and chi test. However out of interested how do you go about attacking ciphertext that was encrypted using a mix alphabet shifted 26 times? Also what about a ciphertext that has been encrypted wit...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/27012/does-entropy-measure-extractable-work
# Does entropy measure extractable work? Entropy has two definitions, which come from two different branches of science: thermodynamics and information theory. Yet, they both are thought to agree. Is it true? Entropy, as seen from information theory, measures our ignorance about a system. Entropy, as seen from thermo...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/285520/where-exactly-are-complex-numbers-used-in-the-real-world/285534
# “Where” exactly are complex numbers used “in the real world”? I've always enjoyed solving problems in the complex world during my undergrad. However, I've always wondered where are they used and for what? In my domain (computer science) I've rarely seen it be used/applied and hence am curious. So what practical app...
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http://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/4330/using-contourplot3d-on-a-region-in-mathbbr3?answertab=oldest
Using ContourPlot3D on a region in $\mathbb{R}^3$ I have a fundamental region in $\mathbb{R}^3$ defined solely by inequalities (i.e. the region is the intersection of 5 half-spaces and is a kind of square pyramid), and a function which is only well-defined inside that region. I would like to plot that function's leve...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/94503/domain-of-holomorphy
## Domain of Holomorphy ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) How to show that $D={ |z_1|<1} \cup { |z_2|<1} \subset \mathbb{C}^2$ is not a domain of holomorphy. What is the smallest domain of holomorphy $S\supset D$ ? I think we cannot just add the...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/44165?sort=oldest
## Reference request: lattice operations on the class of finitely presented groups ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) In my research, I work with certain finitely presented quotients of Coxeter groups. These are the automorphism groups of abstract...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/68899?sort=oldest
## How does one view the De Rham spectral sequence as a Grothendieck spectral sequence? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I was rereading basic results on de Rham cohomology, and this led me inevitably to the fact that $H^q(X,\Omega^p)$ converges...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductive_definition
# Recursive definition (Redirected from Inductive definition) Four stages in the construction of a Koch snowflake. As with many other fractals, the stages are obtained via a recursive definition. In mathematical logic and computer science, a recursive definition (or inductive definition) is used to define an object i...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/43861/relationship-between-continuum-hypothesis-and-special-aleph-hypothesis-under-zf
Relationship between Continuum Hypothesis and Special Aleph Hypothesis under ZF Special Aleph Hypothesis AH(0) is the claim $2^{\aleph_0}=\aleph_1$, i.e. there is a bijection from $2^{\aleph_0}$ to $\aleph_1$. Continuum Hypothesis CH is the claim $\aleph_0 \leq \mathfrak{a}< 2^{\aleph_0} \Rightarrow \mathfrak{a}=\ale...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/159682-complex-domains-paths.html
# Thread: 1. ## Complex Domains and Paths Find all possible values of $\int_{\gamma } \frac{1}{1+z^2}dz$ where $\gamma$ is some path joining 0 to 1 which is in the domain of $f(z) = \frac{1}{1+z^2}$. Any help would be great. Thanks! 2. Would the idea of independence of path help in this situation? #### Search Tag...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/203422-proving-sylow-p-subgroups-abelian.html
1Thanks • 1 Post By Deveno # Thread: 1. ## proving the sylow p-subgroups are abelian Assume that $p$ is an odd prime and $G$ is a finite simple group with exactly $2p+1$ Sylow $p$-subgroups. Prove that the Sylow $p$-subgroups are abelian. I haven't made much progress: It's easy if $p^2$ doesn't divide the order of ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/169487-conjugacy-class.html
# Thread: 1. ## conjugacy class what is conjugacy class? 2. Two members of a group, x and y, are said to be "conjugate" if there exists a member of the group, z, such that $zxz^{-1}= y$. That, of course, is the same as saying that $zx= yz$. It is easy to prove that that is an equivalence relation (refexive: x is con...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebesgue's_density_theorem
# Lebesgue's density theorem In mathematics, Lebesgue's density theorem states that for any Lebesgue measurable set A, the "density" of A is 1 at almost every point in A. Intuitively, this means that the "edge" of A, the set of points in A whose "neighborhood" is partially in A and partially outside of A, is negligibl...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/88635-deducing-matrix-minimum-polynomial.html
# Thread: 1. ## Deducing matrix from minimum polynomial Suppose V is a 3 dimensional vector space over $Z_2$ (the field of congruence classes mod 2) and that the characteristic polynomial of T is $(x-1)^3$. Then clearly the minimum polynomial is one of $(x-1)$, $(x-1)^2$, or $(x-1)^3$. I cannot see how we can use thi...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/74870-group-homomorphism.html
# Thread: 1. ## group homomorphism If $a:G\to H$ is a group homomorphism between G and H, then we have the following definition: for all $g,k\in G$ we have $a(g*k)=a(g)*a(k)$ According to wikipedia, this means that $a(1_G)=1_H$, where $1_G,1_H$, are the identity elements of G and H respectively, and also that $a(g^...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/51352/how-does-one-explain-this-pattern-generated-by-earthquake-waving-driving-a-pendu/51417
How does one explain this pattern generated by earthquake waving driving a pendulum? How to explain this pattern generated by earthquake wave driving a pendulum? Specially, there are three groups of curves that look categorically different: 1) The group of curves outside the olive-shaped envelope 2) The group of inte...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/41042/unipotent-groups-their-forms-and-representations/41071
## unipotent groups, their forms and representations ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) For simplicity fix a base field $k$ of characteristic zero, and consider smooth affine algebraic $k$-groups. (It is understood that unipotent groups in positiv...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosine_transform
# Sine and cosine transforms (Redirected from Cosine transform) In mathematics, the Fourier sine and cosine transforms are forms of the Fourier integral transform that do not use complex numbers. They are the forms originally used by Joseph Fourier and are still preferred in some applications, such as signal processi...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/19724/how-to-represent-the-effect-of-linking-rigid-bodies-together/19727
# how to represent the effect of linking rigid-bodies together? I have 2 rigid-bodies (b1,b2) if i linked one to the other (as if they are conjoined together) , how to represent b1 effect on b2 and b2 effect on b1 Is there any LAW that affect the position/orientation of the other body ? notes : • i am using Quatern...
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http://www.nag.com/numeric/CL/nagdoc_cl23/html/G01/g01erc.html
# NAG Library Function Documentnag_prob_von_mises (g01erc) ## 1  Purpose nag_prob_von_mises (g01erc) returns the probability associated with the lower tail of the von Mises distribution between $-\pi $ and $\pi $ . ## 2  Specification #include <nag.h> #include <nagg01.h> double nag_prob_von_mises (double t, doubl...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/62818/the-sets-in-mathematical-logic/62838
## The sets in mathematical logic ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) It is well known that intuitive set theory (or naive set theory) is characterized by having paradoxes, e.g. Russell's paradox, Cantor's paradox, etc. To avoid these and any other...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/7903/conjugate-gradient-iteration/75704
## conjugate gradient iteration ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I'm having problems understanding why the conjugate gradient method breaks down for singular matrices. I've read a good introduction to intuitively understanding the CG method thro...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/differential-geometry/136622-proof-involving-lipschitz-continuity-constant-l.html
# Thread: 1. ## Proof involving Lipschitz continuity with constant L Problem: Prove that if the function f:[a,b]-->R is Lipschitz continuous with constant L then for every partition P of [a,b] U(f,P)-L(f,P) <= ||P||*L*(b-a) Okay so from Lipschitz continuity I see that dY(f(a),f(b)) <= L*dx(a,b) for all a,b in X So ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/electric-circuits?page=4&sort=active&pagesize=15
# Tagged Questions The electric-circuits tag has no wiki summary. 4answers 2k views ### Resistor circuit that isn't parallel or series What's the equivalent resistance in this circuit (between points A and B)? 2answers 304 views ### The role of resistor in e.g. an AND gate What is the role of the resistor in e.g....
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/37382/what-is-the-proper-name-for-compact-closed-multiplicative-intuitionistic-linear
## What is the proper name for “compact closed” multiplicative intuitionistic linear logic? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Multiplicative intuitionistic linear logic (MILL) has only multiplicative conjunction $\otimes$ and linear implication $...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2010/03/15/algebras-of-sets/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=9916d21231
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## Algebras of Sets Okay, now that root systems are behind us, I’m going to pick back up with some analysis. Specifically, more measure theory. But it’s not going to look like the real analysis we’ve done before until we get some abstract basics down. We take some set $X$, which we w...
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http://micromath.wordpress.com/2008/04/18/induction-over-prime-numbers/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=744caefc44
Mathematics under the Microscope Atomic objects, structures and concepts of mathematics Posted by: Alexandre Borovik | April 18, 2008 Induction over prime numbers This was a question which intrigued me when I was a student: is there a meaningful mathematical statement about finite fields which is proven by induction...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/104102/semisimplicity-of-frobenius-operation-on-etale-cohomology/104105
## Semisimplicity of Frobenius operation on etale cohomology? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let $X_0$ be a variety defined over a finite field of characteristic $p \neq l$. Is it true, that the action of the frobenius on the l-adic cohomology...
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http://gowers.wordpress.com/2011/09/28/basic-logic-connectives-implies/
# Gowers's Weblog Mathematics related discussions ## Basic logic — connectives — IMPLIES I have discussed how the mathematical meanings of the words “and”, “or” and “not” are not quite identical to their ordinary meanings. This is also true of the word “implies”, but rather more so. In fact, unravelling precisely wh...
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http://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/computational-geometry
Tagged Questions Questions on constructing graphical objects using relatively complex computations relating to the mathematical structures defining those objects. Examples include convex hulls, mathematical constructions, symmetries, genuses of curves and graphs and programmatic constructions of polyhedra. 0answers 3...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/23478/examples-of-common-false-beliefs-in-mathematics/27892
## Examples of common false beliefs in mathematics. [closed] ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) The first thing to say is that this is not the same as the question about interesting mathematical mistakes. I am interested about the type of false be...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/150022-well-defined-function.html
# Thread: 1. ## Well-Defined function I have a more general question about this, but thought I'd use a specific example instead. I was trying to prove the Second Iso. Theorem for groups. Say G is a group and N a normal subgroup. I define the function f from {subgroups of G/N} to {subgroups of G containing N} by $f(H'...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/differential-equations/169050-simple-separation-variable-problem.html
# Thread: 1. ## Simple Separation of Variable Problem I'm just starting a course in DiffEQ and we have a simple separation of variables problems. The problem is to change the dy/dt equation into a simple y(t) equation (example dy/dt=ty becomes y=k*e^(t^2)) where k is any real number). The problem I am stuck on is d...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/213897/peanos-postulates-proofs/213899
# Peano's Postulates Proofs How can I prove the following two questions: Prove using Peano's Postulates for the Natural Numbers that if a and b are two natural numbers such that a + b = a, then b must be 0? Prove using Peano's Postulates for the Natural Numbers that if a and b are natural numbers then: a + b = 0 if ...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2010/02/15/some-root-systems-and-weyl-orbits/?like=1&_wpnonce=122935e828
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## Some Root Systems and Weyl Orbits Today, I’d like to show you some examples of two-dimensional root systems, which illustrate a lot of what we talked about last week. I’ve worked them up in a Java application called Geogebra, but I don’t seem to be able to embed the resulting apple...
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http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/index.php?title=User:Michiexile/MATH198/Lecture_4&diff=30985&oldid=30759
# User:Michiexile/MATH198/Lecture 4 ### From HaskellWiki (Difference between revisions) | | ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/5116?sort=oldest
## Is the existence of a well-ordering on R independent of ZF? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) I am reasonably certain this is the case, but can't find a reference that actually states this, although the Wikipedia article states something close...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/233559/linear-programming-question-optimal-solution
# Linear Programming question- optimal solution A film producer is seeking actors and investors for his new movie. There are n available actors; actor i charges $s_i$ dollars. For funding, there are m available investors. Investor j will provide $p_j$ dollars, but only on the condition that certain actors $L_j \subset...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/discrete-math/4876-mathematical-relations.html
# Thread: 1. ## Mathematical relations..... Hi folks can anyone answer this for me Plz.. Let R and S be relations on a set X.Show that R x S is a relation on X x X? 2. Originally Posted by Colette Hi folks can anyone answer this for me Plz.. Let R and S be relations on a set X.Show that R x S is a relation on X x X?...
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http://mathematica.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/distributions?sort=active&pagesize=50
# Tagged Questions For questions about distributions built-in in Mathematica, and functions that operate on them. Also includes questions about defining your own distributions. 0answers 22 views ### Smooth Kernel Distribution Smooth Kernel Distribution Hi i am in the research of the Silverman Rule of thumb for Band...
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http://www.nag.com/numeric/CL/nagdoc_cl23/html/C05/c05azc.html
# NAG Library Function Documentnag_zero_cont_func_brent_rcomm (c05azc) ## 1  Purpose nag_zero_cont_func_brent_rcomm (c05azc) locates a simple zero of a continuous function in a given interval by using Brent's method, which is a combination of nonlinear interpolation, linear extrapolation and bisection. It uses revers...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/18428/is-energy-conserved-in-decay-of-hydrogen-atom-in-superposed-state/18440
# Is energy conserved in decay of hydrogen atom in superposed state? This looks like a paradox. Let's say we have an hydrogen atom. Superposition of states could be possible for electrons. But if an electron is in a superposition, I guess it could decay into a lower state by emitting a photon. Different initial and...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/296919/prove-using-combinatorial-argument-binomn0-binomn2-binomn1-bin
# Prove using combinatorial argument $\binom{n}{0}.\binom{n}{2}+ \binom{n}{1}.\binom{n}{3}+\cdots+ \binom{n}{n-2}.\binom{n}{n}$ How can I prove it using combinatorial argument $$\binom n0\binom n2 + \binom n1\binom n3 + \cdots + \binom{n}{n-2}\binom nn = \binom {2n}{n-2}$$ Sorry friends I have edited it - ## 2 Ans...
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http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?s=f0c0b1cffc26d4e3c9eedaf470b07057&p=4265893
Physics Forums ## Difference between These Electric Field Formulas just a quick question. I seem to have come across two very similar formulas for electric fields produced by uniformly charged parallel plates. My book gives the formula as $$E = \frac{\omega}{\epsilon_0}$$ on the other hand the notes from my prof tell...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/200486/constructing-a-sequence-of-simple-functions-with-lebesgue-measure-approaching-th
# constructing a sequence of simple functions with Lebesgue measure approaching the riemann integral Let $\lambda$ denote the Lebesgue measure on the Borel sets of [0,1]. Let $f: [0,1] \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be continuous. I know that the Riemann integral $I:=\int_{0}^{1} f(x)dx$ exists. I also know that the Lebesgue...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/56254-initial-value-problem.html
# Thread: 1. ## Initial Value problem Hi, i have this initial value problem for y(0) = 1 and the following equation : dy/dt = ( y + 1/y ) * 1/2 The question asks to prove the solution is: y = sqrt( 2*exp(x) - 1 ) I am confused as to where the extra variable x comes from ? any help apprieciated, thnks in advance ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/116279/distribution-of-inverse-of-a-random-matrix
Distribution of Inverse of a Random Matrix Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Recently i got stuck into a problem and couldn't find its satisfactory answer anywhere. My question is simple. Suppose i have a fat random matrix (i,e $R$ has dimensions $k...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/number-theory/30772-iff-proof-print.html
# iff proof Printable View • March 11th 2008, 11:03 PM asw-88 iff proof Prove that n is a square iff the exponent of every prime number occuring in the factorisation of n is even. Hence prove that the square root of any natural number is either an integer or an irrational number. Any help would be greatly appreica...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/123387/how-do-i-use-the-comparison-test-when-the-geometric-function-is-divergent
# How do I use the Comparison Test when the geometric function is divergent? I have the following problem $$A=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{2n+7^n}{2n+6^n}$$ ... and I'm trying to figure out if it is convergent or divergent using the Comparison Test. A similar problem: $$D = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{4n+5^n}{4n+8^n}$$ ...
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http://pubget.com/paper/pgtmp_13051338/Parametrization_of_Extremal_Trajectories_in_Sub_Riemannian_Problem_on___Group_of_Motions_of_Pseudo_Euclidean_Plane
Advanced search× AD ## Parametrization of Extremal Trajectories in Sub-Riemannian Problem on Group of Motions of Pseudo Euclidean Plane arXiv:1305.1338 [math.OC] 6 May 2013 We consider the sub-Riemannian length optimization problem on the group of motions of hyperbolic plane i.e. the special hyperbolic group SH(2)...
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http://torus.math.uiuc.edu/cal/math/cal?year=2012&month=09&day=20&interval=day
Seminar Calendar for events the day of Thursday, September 20, 2012. . events for the events containing Questions regarding events or the calendar should be directed to Tori Corkery. ``` August 2012 September 2012 October 2012 Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/57079/special-killing-vector-fields/57170
## Special Killing Vector Fields ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Consider $(M^{n},g)$ to be a Riemannian manifold and suppose that $X$ is a smooth non-trivial Killing vector field on $M$. Away from the zeros of $X$ we have a natural distributio...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/98898/list
## Return to Answer 2 added 7 characters in body Each connected component of an algebraic group has the same dimension. Thus if it has a connected subvariety whose complement has a lower dimension, it is connected. (If it had two connected components, only one could contain the connected subvariety, and so it the oth...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/geometry/27028-rectangular-box.html
# Thread: 1. ## Rectangular box A rectangular box is to be made from a rectangular piece of shee metal 20in wide and 30in long by cutting a square piece of equal size from each of the corners and bending up the sides so that they make a 90 degree angle with the base. The base of the finished box will be 200 square in...
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http://www.all-science-fair-projects.com/science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Trigonometric_identity
# All Science Fair Projects ## Science Fair Project Encyclopedia for Schools! Search    Browse    Forum  Coach    Links    Editor    Help    Tell-a-Friend    Encyclopedia    Dictionary # Science Fair ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/49649/which-steps-i-have-to-do-to-get-this-equation?answertab=oldest
# Which steps I have to do to get this equation? I don't know what to do to derive the right side from the left side: $$\frac{B}{1+r} = B - \frac{r B}{1+r}.$$ - 1 Instead, derive the left side from the right side (with a least common denominator), then work backwards. – MartianInvader Jul 5 '11 at 17:55 ## 2 Answer...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/44120/what-are-wightman-fields-functions?answertab=votes
What are Wightman fields/functions Simple question: What are Wightman fields? What are Wightman functions? What are their uses? For example can I use them in operator product expansions? How about in scattering theory? - 1 Answer In axiomatic approaches to quantum field theory, the basic field operators are usually...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/179526/prerequisites-for-studying-smooth-manifold-theory/179530
# Prerequisites for studying smooth manifold theory? I am attending first year graduate school in about three weeks and one of the courses I am taking is an introduction to smooth manifolds. Unfortunately, my topology knowledge is minimal, limited to self study. Besides some basic topological definitions, are there sp...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2008/12/31/the-determinant/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=671450efa2
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## The Determinant Let’s look at the dimensions of antisymmetric tensor spaces. We worked out that if $V$ has dimension $d$, then the space of antisymmetric tensors with $n$ tensorands has dimension $\displaystyle\dim\left(A^n(V)\right)=\binom{d}{n}=\frac{d!}{n!(d-n)!}$ One thing sh...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/advanced-algebra/35984-fields-subfields.html
# Thread: 1. ## fields and subfields Assume Q[sqrt(2)] is a subfield of the Real field R, and prove that it is the smallest subfield of R that contains sqrt(2) Q[sqrt(2)]= a + b(sqrt(2)) 2. Originally Posted by JCIR Assume Q[sqrt(2)] is a subfield of the Real field R, and prove that it is the smallest subfield of R...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/946/psf-measurements-in-fluorescence-imaging/990
# PSF Measurements In Fluorescence Imaging Quite a technical question! I have measured the Point Spread Function of 100nm fluorescent breads with my Olympus scanning head. I'm two-photon exciting the beads with a wavelength of 800nm and focused in the sample with a 100x with N.A.: 1.4 The theory suggests me the reso...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/93324/source-for-nbgequipollence-conservative-over-zfc
## Source for NBG+Equipollence conservative over ZFC? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) The "conservative" class theory, NBG, proves no new theorems about sets (with respect to ZFC). The choice function used here is set choice, and it's not too h...
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http://mathoverflow.net/revisions/49135/list
## Return to Answer 2 added 310 characters in body @David Hansen: Teichmuller modular forms are basically the natural analogue of Siegel modular forms when one considers sections of line bundles on $M_g$ instead of $A_g$. Search for papers by Ichikawa. I don't know very much about Teichmuller modular forms but my ad...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/number-theory/137704-holomorphic-extension-dirichlet-series.html
# Thread: 1. ## Holomorphic extension of Dirichlet Series Define $L : \{s \in \mathbb{C}| Re(s) > 0\} \rightarrow \mathbb{C}$ by $L(s) = \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{(-1)^n}{(2n+1)^s}$. Note that $L(s) = \frac{1}{\Gamma(s)} \int_0^\infty \frac{t^{s-1}}{e^t+e^{-t}}dt$ Show that L can be extended to an entire function $L ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/86915/continuity-of-a-weight-on-its-definition-domain-in-a-von-neumann-algebra
## Continuity of a weight on its definition domain in a von Neumann algebra ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let $M$ be a von Neumann algebra and $\varphi$ be a normal weight on it, and let $A$ be its definition subalgebra. We still denote $\var...
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http://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/2388/how-much-bigger-does-a-precomputed-lookup-table-get-when-salt-is-added/3063
How much bigger does a precomputed lookup table get when salt is added? I am trying to wrap my head around the benefits of salt in cryptography. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(cryptography) I understand that adding salt makes it harder to precompute a table. But exactly how much harder do things get with salt? ...
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http://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/1490/creating-a-hash-of-xord-blocks?answertab=oldest
# Creating a hash of XOR'd blocks Suppose a message $m$ is divided into blocks of length $160$ bits: $m > = M_1 || M_2 || ... || M_l$ And define $h(m) = M_1 \oplus M_2 \oplus ... \oplus M_l$ Which of the three desirable properties of a good cryptographic hash function does h satisfy? Show that it does not satisfy the...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/177267/fast-algorithms-for-calculating-the-mobius-inversion
# Fast algorithms for calculating the Möbius inversion Recall the Möbius inversion formula: if we have two functions $f,g \colon \mathbf{N} \to \mathbf{N}$ such that $$g(n) = \sum_{k=1}^n f\left(\left\lfloor \frac{n}{k} \right\rfloor\right)$$ holds for every $n \in \mathbf{N}$, then the values of $f$ can be recovered ...
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http://nrich.maths.org/5338/index
nrich enriching mathematicsSkip over navigation ### Whole Number Dynamics I The first of five articles concentrating on whole number dynamics, ideas of general dynamical systems are introduced and seen in concrete cases. ### Whole Number Dynamics II This article extends the discussions in "Whole number dynamics I"....
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/114406/how-can-i-apply-youngs-inequality-here
How can I apply Young's inequality here? I'm reading Fourier Analysis and Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations by Rapha\"el Danchin et al. There are lines on page 9 reads: Using Young's inequality for $\mathbb{Z}$ equipped with the counting measure, we may now deduce that $$I(f,g,h)\leqslant C\sum_{j,k,\ell \in \...
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http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Pierre_de_Fermat
Pierre de Fermat # Pierre de Fermat Overview Pierre de Fermat was a French French people The French are a nation that share a common French culture and speak the French language as a mother tongue. Historically, the French population are descended from peoples of Celtic, Latin and Germanic origin, and are today a mix...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/math-challenge-problems/25061-find-speed.html
# Thread: 1. ## Find the speed... Here's a problem that I cam across the other day, I can't seem to find the answer though at first glance the question looks relatively simple. There is a 2mile stretch of road. I drive down the first mile with an average speed of 30mph, find what speed I must travel down the remaini...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/computer-science?page=1&sort=unanswered&pagesize=50
# Tagged Questions All mathematical questions about Computer Science, including Theoretical Computer Science, Formal Methods, Verification, Logic in Artificial Intelligence, and Numerical Analysis 0answers 82 views ### $X^A \equiv B \pmod{2K + 1}$ I recently found this problem which asks you to find an algorithm to...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-Newton_method
# Quasi-Newton method In optimization, quasi-Newton methods (a special case of variable metric methods) are algorithms for finding local maxima and minima of functions. Quasi-Newton methods are based on Newton's method to find the stationary point of a function, where the gradient is 0. Newton's method assumes that th...
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http://crypto.stackexchange.com/questions/2165/factoring-a-polynomial-over-a-gf/2176
# Factoring a polynomial over a GF [closed] I have the following question: What polynomial, when factored over the field $GF (2^8)$ based on the irreducible polynomial that is used in Rijndael, will factor into all the polynomials in the field? As I understand it, the polynomial should be an irreducible polynomial a...
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http://unapologetic.wordpress.com/2008/12/08/the-zero-representation/?like=1&source=post_flair&_wpnonce=c1c9c39881
# The Unapologetic Mathematician ## The Zero Representation Okay, this is going to sound pretty silly and trivial, but I’ve been grading today. There is one representation we always have for any group, called the zero representation $\mathbf{0}$. Pretty obviously this is built on the unique zero-dimensional vector s...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/52135/confusion-about-time-shift-in-special-relativity
Confusion about time shift in special relativity I have never really found a way to comfortably comprehend the idea of time shift even though I know its not the hard part of relativity theory. In that light, can someone point out what is wrong or right about the following logic I'm thinking of here: The scenario is: ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/74791?sort=newest
## Do representations of Fuchsian groups have unitary deformations? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Let $G$ be $SL_2({\mathbb C})$ and for $a,b\in G$ let $[a,b]=aba^{-1}b^{-1}$ be the commutator bracket. Let $n$ be a natural number $\ge 2$ and ...
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http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/material-science?page=2&sort=votes&pagesize=30
Tagged Questions The study of how the properties of matter arise from its structure at all scales and of how processing can be used to modify those properties (often in pursuit of a specific application). 1answer 268 views Transparency of solids using bandgaps and relation to conduction and valence bands I think I ...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/198895-convergence-integral-involving-hermite-polynomials.html
2Thanks • 1 Post By girdav • 1 Post By girdav # Thread: 1. ## Convergence of an integral involving Hermite polynomials Dear All, I would like to know if the following integral converges, and if so, what is the easiest way to prove it? $I_n = \int_{- \infty}^{+ \infty} e^{- x^2 / 2} H_n(x) dx, \forall \ n \in \math...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/number-theory/141542-there-quicker-way-solve-congruence.html
# Thread: 1. ## Is there a quicker way to solve this congruence Is $2^{35} \equiv 1 \textrm{ mod } 561$? In the question we were given maple commands to use so I assume we were meant to do it that way. Is there a way to solve this without a calculator? I had to use one but just did it like... $2^8 = 256$, so $2^{1...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/22592?sort=votes
## Mean minimum distance for K random points on a N-dimensional (hyper-)cube ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Given K points in a N-dimensional (hyper-)cube with all edges length 1. What is the expected minimal distance between 2 points. I found...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/61678/what-is-the-general-geometric-interpretation-of-modules-in-algebraic-geometry/61751
## What is the general geometric interpretation of modules in algebraic geometry? ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Algebraic geometry is quite new for me, so this question may be too naive. therefore, I will also be happy to get answers explaini...
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http://nrich.maths.org/4905
nrich enriching mathematicsSkip over navigation ### Matchsticks Reasoning about the number of matches needed to build squares that share their sides. ### Doplication We can arrange dots in a similar way to the 5 on a dice and they usually sit quite well into a rectangular shape. How many altogether in this 3 by 5? ...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/122760?sort=oldest
Linearization instability and singular points of algebraic varieties Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) In a well known 1973 paper, Fischer and Marsden pointed out (with similar, contemporary remarks made in the physics literature by Brill and Deser) ...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/10527/constraints-on-sum-of-rows-and-columns-of-matrix?answertab=oldest
# Constraints on sum of rows and columns of matrix Suppose $r_i$, $1 \le i \le n$, and $c_j$, $1 \le j \le m$, are nonnegative integers. When does there exist an $n \times m$ matrix in $\text{Mat}_{n \times m} (\mathbb{Z}^+)$, i.e. nonnegative entries, such that $r_i$ is the sum of the entries in its $i$th row and $c_...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/174021/complex-equation-in-maxima
# Complex equation in maxima I rested on this tutorial. After issuing the command with "solve" function: ````%i2 solve((a-b-sqrt(-c^2+2*c*y-y^2+r^2))^2+(d-y)^2=2*r^2*(1-cos(e)),y); ```` The output is: Why there is unknown quantity "y" on the right side? P.S. There's no "Maxima" tag, what a pity! However, I was r...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/algebra/82705-remainder-factor-theorems.html
# Thread: 1. ## The remainder and factor theorems The remainder when x^2 - 3x + 1 is divided by (x + d) is 11. Find the possible values of d. 2. Originally Posted by Mr Rayon The remainder when x^2 - 3x + 1 is divided by (x + d) is 11. Find the possible values of d. Since the divisor is x + d, then the zero (when do...
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http://mathforum.org/mathimages/index.php?title=Transformations_and_Matrices&diff=27392&oldid=23039
# Transformations and Matrices ### From Math Images (Difference between revisions) Current revision (14:59, 29 July 2011) (edit) (undo) (28 intermediate revisions not shown.) Line 1: ...
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http://rjlipton.wordpress.com/2010/01/27/programming-turing-machines-is-hard/
## a personal view of the theory of computation by Two classic Turing Machine simulation theorems Patrick Fischer is one of the founders of complexity theory. He played a critical role in starting the field, in proving some of the early results, and in making theory as vibrant an area as it is today. We owe him a gr...
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http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/46042/why-does-multiplicatively-weighted-voronoi-diagram-mwvd-with-2-sites-create-a
# why does multiplicatively weighted voronoi diagram (mwvd) with 2 sites create a circle? I want to understand the structure of a `multiplicatively weighted voronoi diagram`. I found that the bisector between 2 sites is circle shaped, but couldn't formally see it. can someone explain? Thanks, Ohad. - ## 1 Answer Ab...
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http://mathhelpforum.com/algebra/39200-simplifying-expressions-not-sure-kinds.html
# Thread: 1. ## Simplifying Expressions... Not sure which kinds Ok, I'm going to post 3 so I can be sure of how to do each kind. $<br /> \frac {6}{x^2-9x+20} * (5x-25)<br />$ $<br /> \frac {2x-6}{x^2+5x-24} * \frac {x^2+6x-16}{3x}<br />$ $<br /> \frac {(\frac {3x^2}{8x^5} * 2x^3)}{\frac {9x}{8x^2}}<br />$ 2. Origi...
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http://mathoverflow.net/questions/80988/canonical-divisor-of-a-curve-base-point-free-if-g0
## Canonical divisor of a curve base point free (if g>0) ### Remember to vote up questions/answers you find interesting or helpful (requires 15 reputation points) Is there a way to prove that the canonical divisor $W$ of an algebraic function field in one variable $F$ over a field $K$ (that is the function field of a...
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