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Wrongly-Formated-Question,Correctly-Formated-Question
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Black eye is a type of?
A.Patterend abrasion
B.Ectopic abrasion
C.Ectopic bruise
D.Friction abrasion
Answer:C. Ectopic bruise
","
Black eye is a type of?
A. Patterend abrasion
B. Ectopic abrasion
C. Ectopic bruise
D. Friction abrasion
Answer: C. Ectopic bruise
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Actinomycosis is commonly seen in?
A)Tibia
B)Mandible
C)Scapula
D)Femur
Answer:B, Mandible
","
Actinomycosis is commonly seen in?
A. Tibia
B. Mandible
C. Scapula
D. Femur
Answer: B. Mandible
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Typhoid carriers are detected by following except ?
Isolation of bacteria from urine
Isolation of bacteria from bile
Vi antigen
Widal test
Answer: d
","
Typhoid carriers are detected by following except ?
A. Isolation of bacteria from urine
B. Isolation of bacteria from bile
C. Vi antigen
D. Widal test
Answer: D. Widal test
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Which of the following will you like to give to a pregnant patient to decrease the risk of neural tube defects in the offspring, if your patient is receiving antiepileptic drugs ?
Folic acid
Vitamin A
Vitamin E
Pyridoxine
Answer: a
","
Which of the following will you like to give to a pregnant patient to decrease the risk of neural tube defects in the offspring, if your patient is receiving antiepileptic drugs ?
A. Folic acid
B. Vitamin A
C. Vitamin E
D. Pyridoxine
Answer: A. Folic acid
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Delusion that someone from high socio economic status is loving you is in?
A)Othello syndrome
B)Capgras syndrome
C)De clerambault syndrome
D)Franklin syndrome
Answer:C, De clerambault syndrome
","
Delusion that someone from high socio economic status is loving you is in?
A. Othello syndrome
B. Capgras syndrome
C. De clerambault syndrome
D. Franklin syndrome
Answer: C. De clerambault syndrome
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
-Phase 2 of Damage control surgery occurs at?
-Pre hospital management
-Resuscitation in ICU
-Resuscitation in operating room
-Definitive repair
Answer: B Resuscitation in ICU
","
Phase 2 of Damage control surgery occurs at?
A. Pre hospital management
B. Resuscitation in ICU
C. Resuscitation in operating room
D. Definitive repair
Answer: B. Resuscitation in ICU
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
All of the following drugs can be administered in acute hypeension during labour,except? a,IV Labetalol
bIV Nitroprusside,c.IV Hydralazine,d. IV Esmolol
Answer: b, IV Nitroprusside
","
All of the following drugs can be administered in acute hypeension during labour,except?
A. IV Labetalol
B. IV Nitroprusside
C. IV Hydralazine
D. IV Esmolol
Answer: B. IV Nitroprusside
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Most common cause of dissecting hematoma is?
Hypeension
Marfan's syndrome
Iatrogenic
Kawasaki
Answer: a
","
Most common cause of dissecting hematoma is?
A. Hypeension
B. Marfan's syndrome
C. Iatrogenic
D. Kawasaki
Answer: A. Hypeension
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
In IMNCI, pneumonia is classified by?
Fast breathing
Wheezing
Fever
Chest indrawing
Answer: a
","
In IMNCI, pneumonia is classified by?
A. Fast breathing
B. Wheezing
C. Fever
D. Chest indrawing
Answer: A. Fast breathing
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
True about hepatitis C virus are all except?
Most common cause of chronic infection
Has live attenuated vaccine
Spread by blood transfusion
Is a flavivirus
Answer: b
","
True about hepatitis C virus are all except?
A. Most common cause of chronic infection
B. Has live attenuated vaccine
C. Spread by blood transfusion
D. Is a flavivirus
Answer: B. Has live attenuated vaccine
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
At the CEJ, which of the following occurs? Cementum meets enamel
Cementum overlaps enamel
Cementum does not meet enamel
All of the above
Answer: D.All of the above
","
At the CEJ, which of the following occurs?
A. Cementum meets enamel
B. Cementum overlaps enamel
C. Cementum does not meet enamel
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
False statement regarding myocardial infarction and depression is?
Depression is a risk factor for MI
MI is a risk factor for depression
SSRI's can be used post MI for treatment of depression
Only cognitive behavioral therapy is used after MI
Answer: d
","
False statement regarding myocardial infarction and depression is?
A. Depression is a risk factor for MI
B. MI is a risk factor for depression
C. SSRI's can be used post MI for treatment of depression
D. Only cognitive behavioral therapy is used after MI
Answer: D. Only cognitive behavioral therapy is used after MI
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
The recipient twin in monochorionic twin gestation effected by twin-twin transfusion syndrome is characterised by all except? Thrombosis Hypovolemia Kernicterus Heart failure
Answer: B, Hypovolemia
","
The recipient twin in monochorionic twin gestation effected by twin-twin transfusion syndrome is characterised by all except?
A. Thrombosis
B. Hypovolemia
C. Kernicterus
D. Heart failure
Answer: B. Hypovolemia
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
-Increased osmotic fragility is characteristic of:September 2009?
-Hereditary spherocytosis
-Sickle cell anemia
-Thalassemia
-Iron deficiency anemia
Answer: a
","
Increased osmotic fragility is characteristic of:September 2009?
A. Hereditary spherocytosis
B. Sickle cell anemia
C. Thalassemia
D. Iron deficiency anemia
Answer: A. Hereditary spherocytosis
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Does not include in strand field's ""seven I"" principles of health education?
1 Identification
2 Involvement
3 Implementation
4 Innovation
Answer:3 - Implementation
""SEVEN I"" principle of strandfield :
Identification.
Indigenization.
Involvement.
Indoctrination.
Integration.
Influencess.
Innovation.
","
Does not include in strand field's ""seven I"" principles of health education?
A. Identification
B. Involvement
C. Implementation
D. Innovation
Answer: C. Implementation
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Which of the following tooth can show any of the eight types of Vertucci’s classification? Lower 1st premolar Upper 1st premolar Lower 2nd premolar Upper 2nd premolar
Answer: D, Upper 2nd premolar
","
Which of the following tooth can show any of the eight types of Vertucci’s classification?
A. Lower 1st premolar
B. Upper 1st premolar
C. Lower 2nd premolar
D. Upper 2nd premolar
Answer: D. Upper 2nd premolar
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
A volunteer Ram will receive a new drug in a phase I clinical trial. The clearance and the volume of distribution of the drug in Ram are 1.386 I/hr and 80 L respectively. The half life of the drug in him would be approximately?
1 83 hr
2 77 hr
3 40 hr
4 0.02 hr
Answer:3- 40 hr
","
A volunteer Ram will receive a new drug in a phase I clinical trial. The clearance and the volume of distribution of the drug in Ram are 1.386 I/hr and 80 L respectively. The half life of the drug in him would be approximately?
A. 83 hr
B. 77 hr
C. 40 hr
D. 0.02 hr
Answer: C. 40 hr
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
All are major symptoms of sinusitis except?
A)Nasal blockage
B)Facial congestion
C)Nasal congestion
D)Halitosis
Answer:D- Halitosis
According to Rhinosinusitis task force definition of sinusitis,Major criteria-Facial pain, pressure, congestion, nasal obstruction, nasal/postnasal discharge, hyposmia and feverMinor criteria- Headache, halitosis, and dental painRef: Hazarika; 3rd ed; Pg 328
","
All are major symptoms of sinusitis except?
A. Nasal blockage
B. Facial congestion
C. Nasal congestion
D. Halitosis
Answer: D. Halitosis
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
The germinal cell layer surrounding the oocyte before ovulation is known as?
1 Zona pellucida
2 Zona reticularis
3 Cumulous oophorus
4 Zona glomerulosa
Answer: Cumulous oophorus
In one area , the granulosa cells are collected together to form a projection into the cavity of graffian follicle. This projection is referred to as the discus proligerus or cumulus oophorus. The ovum itself lies within it.With the exception of area around the discus, the peripheral granulosa cells form a layer only a few cells in thickness.,whereas at the discus the cells are between 12 and 20 layers thick. Reference: Shaw's Textbook of Obstetrics 15th edition page 28
","
The germinal cell layer surrounding the oocyte before ovulation is known as?
A. Zona pellucida
B. Zona reticularis
C. Cumulous oophorus
D. Zona glomerulosa
Answer: C. Cumulous oophorus
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Uterine prolapse is prevented by all the following EXCEPT? Broad ligament of uterus
Levator ani muscle
Uterosacral ligament
Transcervical ligament
Answer: A.Broad ligament of uterus
","
Uterine prolapse is prevented by all the following EXCEPT?
A. Broad ligament of uterus
B. Levator ani muscle
C. Uterosacral ligament
D. Transcervical ligament
Answer: A. Broad ligament of uterus
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Which of the following is not associated with zinc deficiency: March 2005?
a - Delayed wound healing
b - Loss of libido
c - Pigmentation
d - Sexual infantilism
Answer: Pigmentation
","
Which of the following is not associated with zinc deficiency: March 2005?
A. Delayed wound healing
B. Loss of libido
C. Pigmentation
D. Sexual infantilism
Answer: C. Pigmentation
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Kerley B line are seen at?
a - Apex
b - Cardiophrenic angle
c - Lung fissure
d - Pleural surface
Answer: Pleural surface
","
Kerley B line are seen at?
A. Apex
B. Cardiophrenic angle
C. Lung fissure
D. Pleural surface
Answer: D. Pleural surface
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
In inversion of the foot, the sole will face?
A.Upwards
B.Downwards
C.Laterally
D.Medially
Answer:D. Medially
","
In inversion of the foot, the sole will face?
A. Upwards
B. Downwards
C. Laterally
D. Medially
Answer: D. Medially
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Prophylaxis for health personnel working in a plague ward is -a) Vaccineb) Tetracycline throughout the dutyc) A cource of tetracyclined) Vaccine and Erythromycine) Observation?
a - ac
b - a
c - ab
d - bc
Answer: ab
","
Prophylaxis for health personnel working in a plague ward is -a) Vaccineb) Tetracycline throughout the dutyc) A cource of tetracyclined) Vaccine and Erythromycine) Observation?
A. ac
B. a
C. ab
D. bc
Answer: C. ab
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Which one of the following is a malignant bone tumour?
a)Osteoid osteoma
b)Chondroma
c)Chondrosarcoma
d)Osteochondroma
Answer:c, Chondrosarcoma
(C) Chondrosarcoma # MALIGNANT PRIMARY BONE TUMORS include osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, fibrosarcoma, and other sarcoma types. Multiple myeloma is a hematologic cancer which also frequently presents as one or more bone tumors.# CLASSIFICATION of BONE TUMOURS:> Cartilage tumors Osteochondroma: Chondromas Enchondroma Periosteal chondroma Chondroblastoma Chondromyxoid fibroma Chondrosarcoma Dedifferentiated Mesenchymal Clear cell Periosteal> Osteogenic tumors: Osteoid osteoma (B), Osteoblastoma> Fibrogenic tumors: Desmoplastic fibroma of bone, Fibrosarcoma of bone> Fibrohistiocytic tumors: Histiocytoma of bone> Ewing sarcoma/Primitive neuroectodermal tumor> Giant cell tumors: Giant cell tumor> Notochordal tumors: Chordoma> Vascular tumors: Haemangioma and related lesions, Angiosarcoma> Myogenic, lipogenic, neural and epithelial tumors: Leiomyosarcoma of bone, Lipoma of bone, Adamantinoma and osteofibrous dysplasia> Tumors of undefined neoplastic nature: Aneurysmal bone cyst Simple bone cyst; Fibrous dysplasia (B); Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH)
","
Which one of the following is a malignant bone tumour?
A. Osteoid osteoma
B. Chondroma
C. Chondrosarcoma
D. Osteochondroma
Answer: C. Chondrosarcoma
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
-Vesicular lesions, indistinguishable from primary infection, which arise in other pas of the body of an allergic individual infected with Trichophyton are referred to as?
-Dermatiphytids
-Trichophytins
-Eschars
-Carbuncles
Answer: A: Dermatiphytids
","
Vesicular lesions, indistinguishable from primary infection, which arise in other pas of the body of an allergic individual infected with Trichophyton are referred to as?
A. Dermatiphytids
B. Trichophytins
C. Eschars
D. Carbuncles
Answer: A. Dermatiphytids
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
When a child is not able to perform the following motor functions such as skipping, walking on heels, hopping in place or going forwards in tandem gati, his motor development is considered to be below ?
a)3 years
b)4 years
c)6 years
d)8 years
Answer:b, 4 years
Ans. is 'b' i.e., 4 years o A child hops on one foot by 4 years and skips by 5 years. o As this child can not hop, the age of this child is less than 4 years.
","
When a child is not able to perform the following motor functions such as skipping, walking on heels, hopping in place or going forwards in tandem gati, his motor development is considered to be below ?
A. 3 years
B. 4 years
C. 6 years
D. 8 years
Answer: B. 4 years
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
A obese female having hirsutism on laboratory investigation has high level of LH and androgens. Likely cause is?
A)PCOS
B)Exogenous steroid ingestion
C)Turner syndrome
D)Kleinfelter syndrome
Answer:A, PCOS
","
A obese female having hirsutism on laboratory investigation has high level of LH and androgens. Likely cause is?
A. PCOS
B. Exogenous steroid ingestion
C. Turner syndrome
D. Kleinfelter syndrome
Answer: A. PCOS
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
-In the international death ceificate, one of the following is not true?
-Pa I of the ceificate deals with the immediate cause only
-Pa I of of the ceificate deals with the immediate cause and also the underlying cause
-Pa II records significantly associated diseases
-The ceificate has been recommended by the WHO for international use
Answer: A: Pa I of the ceificate deals with the immediate cause only
","
In the international death ceificate, one of the following is not true?
A. Pa I of the ceificate deals with the immediate cause only
B. Pa I of of the ceificate deals with the immediate cause and also the underlying cause
C. Pa II records significantly associated diseases
D. The ceificate has been recommended by the WHO for international use
Answer: A. Pa I of the ceificate deals with the immediate cause only
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Dry skin seen due to excess dosage of datura is due to? a,Vasodilatation
bAbsence of sweating,c.Central action,d. Change in BMR
Answer: b, Absence of sweating
","
Dry skin seen due to excess dosage of datura is due to?
A. Vasodilatation
B. Absence of sweating
C. Central action
D. Change in BMR
Answer: B. Absence of sweating
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Gas causing global warming but is not a greenhouse gas? a,CO2
bSO2,c.CFC,d. Ozone
Answer: b, SO2
","
Gas causing global warming but is not a greenhouse gas?
A. CO2
B. SO2
C. CFC
D. Ozone
Answer: B. SO2
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Pseudohemoptysis is caused by? Histoplasma capsulatum Serratia marcescens Proteus Klebsiella
Answer: B, Serratia marcescens
","
Pseudohemoptysis is caused by?
A. Histoplasma capsulatum
B. Serratia marcescens
C. Proteus
D. Klebsiella
Answer: B. Serratia marcescens
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Most common cause of facial nerve palsy?
1 Idiopathic Bell's palsy
2 Herpes zoster oticus
3 Mastoid surgery
4 Chronic suppurative Otitis media
Answer: Idiopathic Bell's palsy
Facial Nerve - Course Intracranial pa 15-17mm Intra temporal pa Meatal segment 8-10mm Labyrinthine segment 4.0mm Tympanic / horizontal segment 11.0mm Mastoid / veical segment 13.0mm Extracranial pa Branches Greater superficial petrosal nerve 1st branch Nerve to stapedius Chorda tympani Communicating branch Posterior auricular nerve Muscular branches, peripheral branches Causes of facial nerve palsy Most common cause is idiopathic bell's palsy paralysis acute onset Bell's palsy idiopathic, Ipsilateral lower motor neuron palsy Loss of forehead and brow movements Inability to close eyes drooping of eyelids Loss of nasolabial folds, drooping of lower lip herpes zoster oticus/Ramsay hunt syndrome herpes zoster oticus/Ramsay hunt syndrome Mastoid surgery is the most common iatrogenic cause of facial nerve palsy.
","
Most common cause of facial nerve palsy?
A. Idiopathic Bell's palsy
B. Herpes zoster oticus
C. Mastoid surgery
D. Chronic suppurative Otitis media
Answer: A. Idiopathic Bell's palsy
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Memory T cells can be identified by using the following?
1 CD 45RA
2 CD45RB
3 CD45RC
4 CD45RO
Answer:4- CD45RO
","
Memory T cells can be identified by using the following?
A. CD 45RA
B. CD45RB
C. CD45RC
D. CD45RO
Answer: D. CD45RO
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
-A 44-year-old patient comes to his primary care physician complaining of double vision. On examination, he is unable to adduct or abduct his right eye- On further examination, he is also found to be unable to adduct his left eye. The remainder of the physical examination is normal.
which of the following is the most likely location of the patient’s lesion?
-Left abducens nerve
-Left abducens nucleus and left medial longitudinal fasciculus
-Right abducens nerve
-Right abducens nucleus and right medial longitudinal fasciculus
Answer: A Left abducens nerve
","
A 44-year-old patient comes to his primary care physician complaining of double vision. On examination, he is unable to adduct or abduct his right eye- On further examination, he is also found to be unable to adduct his left eye. The remainder of the physical examination is normal.
which of the following is the most likely location of the patient’s lesion?
A. Left abducens nerve
B. Left abducens nucleus and left medial longitudinal fasciculus
C. Right abducens nerve
D. Right abducens nucleus and right medial longitudinal fasciculus
Answer: A. Left abducens nerve
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Aziththromyan prophylaxis in trachoma is given when prevalence is above?
1 8%
2 6%
3 4%
4 10%
Answer:4 - 10%
<p> Current WHO recommendations for antibiotic treatment of trachoma District level prevalence is >10% in 1-9 years old children: mass treatment with azythromycin Reference:WHO Trachoma control:A guide for programme managers,2006;page no:21-22. <\p>
","
Aziththromyan prophylaxis in trachoma is given when prevalence is above?
A. 8%
B. 6%
C. 4%
D. 10%
Answer: D. 10%
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
In children which of the following virus has been implicated in the pathogenesis of choroid plexus tumour? Simian virus 40
HIV
Herpes simplex
Hepa s B
Answer: A.Simian virus 40
","
In children which of the following virus has been implicated in the pathogenesis of choroid plexus tumour?
A. Simian virus 40
B. HIV
C. Herpes simplex
D. Hepa s B
Answer: A. Simian virus 40
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Commonest cause of pyogenic liver abscess? Biliary Sepsis.
Biliary Colic
Appendicitis
Sigmoid Diverticulitis
Answer: A.Biliary Sepsis.
","
Commonest cause of pyogenic liver abscess?
A. Biliary Sepsis.
B. Biliary Colic
C. Appendicitis
D. Sigmoid Diverticulitis
Answer: A. Biliary Sepsis.
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Subtrochanteric fractures of the femur can be treated by all of the following methods except?
1 Skeletal traction on Thomas' splint
2 Smith Petersen Nail
3 Condylar blade plate
4 Ender's nail
Answer:2- Smith Petersen Nail
","
Subtrochanteric fractures of the femur can be treated by all of the following methods except?
A. Skeletal traction on Thomas' splint
B. Smith Petersen Nail
C. Condylar blade plate
D. Ender's nail
Answer: B. Smith Petersen Nail
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
""Acute Meningoencephalitis"" is caused by?
A)E. histolytica
B)Nageleria
C)Giardia
D)E.coli
Answer:B- Nageleria
Nageleria
","
""Acute Meningoencephalitis"" is caused by?
A. E. histolytica
B. Nageleria
C. Giardia
D. E.coli
Answer: B. Nageleria
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
The following is the least useful investigation in multiple myeloma?
a)ESR
b)X-Ray
c)Bone scan
d)Bone marrow biopsy
Answer:c, Bone scan
Answer is C (Bone scan) Bone scans are least useful for diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma. Cytokines secreted by myeloma cells suppress osteoblastic activity therefore typically no increased uptake is observed. In multiple myeloma the osteohlastic response to bone destruction is negligible. The bone scan therefore is often normal or may show areas of decreased uptake (photopenia).It has been found to be less useful in diagnosis than plain radiography. Ig protein /24 hour is a major ciriteria for diagnosis "" align=""left"" height=""133"" width=""100""> Note : Serum M component is most commonly IgG Q (IgG (53%), IgA (25%), IgD (I%) Bence Jones proteins are light chain protein only Q.
","
The following is the least useful investigation in multiple myeloma?
A. ESR
B. X-Ray
C. Bone scan
D. Bone marrow biopsy
Answer: C. Bone scan
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
In chronic alcoholism the rate limiting component for alcohol metabolism excluding enzymes is/are : (PGI Dec 2008)?
A.NADP
B.NAD+
C.NADPH
D.FADH
Answer:B. NAD+
Ans : B (NAD+) & C (NADPH) In chronic alcoholism rate limiting component for alcohol metabolism is NAD* & NADPHOxidation of ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenaseQ & NADQ leads to excess production of NADHSome metabolism of ethanol takes place via a cytochrome P450 dependent microsomal ethanol oxidising systme (MEOS) Q involving NADPH & O2:, This system increase in activity in chronic alcoholism & may account for the increased metabolic clearnce in this condition.Ethanol + NADPH + H+ O2 MEOS Acetaldehyde
","
In chronic alcoholism the rate limiting component for alcohol metabolism excluding enzymes is/are : (PGI Dec 2008)?
A. NADP
B. NAD+
C. NADPH
D. FADH
Answer: B. NAD+
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Chandler's index is associated with: September 2006?
A)Round worm
B)Hook worm
C)Pin worm
D)Tape worm
Answer:B, Hook worm
","
Chandler's index is associated with: September 2006?
A. Round worm
B. Hook worm
C. Pin worm
D. Tape worm
Answer: B. Hook worm
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Mondors disease is?
a)Migratory thrombophlebitis seen in pancreatic Ca
b)Thromboangitis obliterans
c)Thrombosis of deep veins of the leg
d)Thrombophlebitis of superficial veins of breast
Answer:d, Thrombophlebitis of superficial veins of breast
Ans: D (Thrombophlebitis of superficial veins of breast) Ref: Bailey dt Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 25th Edition,833-4Explanation:Mondor's diseaseThrombophlebitis of the superficial veins of the breast and anterior chest wallCan also involve armCauseIdiopathicClinical featuresThrombosed subcutaneous vessel , usually attached to the skin - pathognomonic feature.When the skin over the breast is stretched by raising the arm. a narrow, shallow subcutaneous groove alongside the cord becomes apparent.Differential DiagnosesLymphatic permeation from occult carcinomaManagementConservativeRestriction of arm movements is advised.Resolv es within few months without any complicationAssociation with breast carcinoma is Coincidental
","
Mondors disease is?
A. Migratory thrombophlebitis seen in pancreatic Ca
B. Thromboangitis obliterans
C. Thrombosis of deep veins of the leg
D. Thrombophlebitis of superficial veins of breast
Answer: D. Thrombophlebitis of superficial veins of breast
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
All are features of hyperplastic tuberculosis of gastrointestinal tract except? Presents with a mass in RIF
Barium meal shows' pulled up caecum'
Most common site is ileocecal junction
ATT is the treatment of choice.
Answer: D.ATT is the treatment of choice.
","
All are features of hyperplastic tuberculosis of gastrointestinal tract except?
A. Presents with a mass in RIF
B. Barium meal shows' pulled up caecum'
C. Most common site is ileocecal junction
D. ATT is the treatment of choice.
Answer: D. ATT is the treatment of choice.
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Inherited hyperammonemia is a result of deficiency of which enzyme of Krebs-Henseleit urea cycle?
A)Malate dehydrogenase
B)Isocitrate dehydrogenase
C)N-acetyl glutamate synthetase
D)Succinate dehydrogenase
Answer:C- N-acetyl glutamate synthetase
Inherited hyperammonemias are a group of six diseases caused by inborn deficiencies of the enzymes of the Krebs-Henseleit urea cycle. The enzymes involved are: 1. N-acetyl glutamate synthetase 2. Arbamyl phosphate synthetase (CPS) 3. Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) 4. Argininosuccinic acid synthetase (citrullinemia) 5. Argininosuccinase deficiency 6. Arginase deficiency Most Severe Cases: In the most severe forms of the hyperammonemic disorders, the infants are asymptomatic at bih and during the first day or two of life, after which they refuse their feedings, vomit, and rapidly become inactive and lethargic, soon lapsing into an irreversible coma. Profuse sweating, focal or generalized seizures, rigidity with opisthotonos, hypothermia, and hyperventilation have been observed in the course of the illness. These symptoms constitute a medical emergency, but even with measures to reduce serum ammonia, the disease is usually fatal. Ref: Ropper A.H., Samuels M.A. (2009). Chapter 37. Inherited Metabolic Diseases of the Nervous System. In A.H. Ropper, M.A. Samuels (Eds), Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology, 9e.
","
Inherited hyperammonemia is a result of deficiency of which enzyme of Krebs-Henseleit urea cycle?
A. Malate dehydrogenase
B. Isocitrate dehydrogenase
C. N-acetyl glutamate synthetase
D. Succinate dehydrogenase
Answer: C. N-acetyl glutamate synthetase
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
A coin foreign body is stuck in esophagus at 25cm from incisors. This is approximately situated at which of the following levels? Left mainstem bronchus
Diaphragm
Cricopharyngeal constriction
Gastroesophageal junction
Answer: A.Left mainstem bronchus
","
A coin foreign body is stuck in esophagus at 25cm from incisors. This is approximately situated at which of the following levels?
A. Left mainstem bronchus
B. Diaphragm
C. Cricopharyngeal constriction
D. Gastroesophageal junction
Answer: A. Left mainstem bronchus
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis is catalysed by which of the following enzyme?
A.HMG CoA synthetase
B.HMG CoA reductase
C.Thiokinase
D.Mevalonate kinase
Answer:B. HMG CoA reductase
","
Rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis is catalysed by which of the following enzyme?
A. HMG CoA synthetase
B. HMG CoA reductase
C. Thiokinase
D. Mevalonate kinase
Answer: B. HMG CoA reductase
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Deltoid ligament is attached to all, except? Medial malleolus
Medial cuneiform
Spring ligament
Sustentaculum tali
Answer: B.Medial cuneiform
","
Deltoid ligament is attached to all, except?
A. Medial malleolus
B. Medial cuneiform
C. Spring ligament
D. Sustentaculum tali
Answer: B. Medial cuneiform
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Metachromatic granules are stained by?
A)Ponder's stain
B)Negative stain
C)Gram's stain
D)Leishman stain
Answer:A, Ponder's stain
","
Metachromatic granules are stained by?
A. Ponder's stain
B. Negative stain
C. Gram's stain
D. Leishman stain
Answer: A. Ponder's stain
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Lallu a 22 yrs. old male suffers from decreased sleep, increased sexual activity, excitement and spending excessive money for last 8 days. The diagnosis is? Confusion Mania Hyperactivity Loss of memory
Answer: B, Mania
","
Lallu a 22 yrs. old male suffers from decreased sleep, increased sexual activity, excitement and spending excessive money for last 8 days. The diagnosis is?
A. Confusion
B. Mania
C. Hyperactivity
D. Loss of memory
Answer: B. Mania
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
-Which of the following drugs is contraindicated along with spironolactone?
-Chlorothiazide
-Beta blockers
-ACE inhibitors
-Amlodipine
Answer: C ACE inhibitors
","
Which of the following drugs is contraindicated along with spironolactone?
A. Chlorothiazide
B. Beta blockers
C. ACE inhibitors
D. Amlodipine
Answer: C. ACE inhibitors
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
-AIDS day is: September 2004?
-7 April
-3-May
-5-Jun
-1-Dec
Answer: D: 1-Dec
","
AIDS day is: September 2004?
A. 7 April
B. 3-May
C. 5-Jun
D. 1-Dec
Answer: D. 1-Dec
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Caput succedaneum in a newborn is: Karnataka 07?
A)Collection of blood under the pericranium
B)Collection of sero-sanguineous fluid in the scalp
C)Edema of the scalp due to grip of the forceps
D)Varicose veins in the scalp
Answer:B, Collection of sero-sanguineous fluid in the scalp
","
Caput succedaneum in a newborn is: Karnataka 07?
A. Collection of blood under the pericranium
B. Collection of sero-sanguineous fluid in the scalp
C. Edema of the scalp due to grip of the forceps
D. Varicose veins in the scalp
Answer: B. Collection of sero-sanguineous fluid in the scalp
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
A patient of RHD developed infective endocarditis after dental extraction. Most likely organism causing this is?
1 Streptococcus viridans
2 Streptococcus pneumoniae
3 Streptococcus pyogenes
4 Staphylococcus aureus
Answer:1- Streptococcus viridans
","
A patient of RHD developed infective endocarditis after dental extraction. Most likely organism causing this is?
A. Streptococcus viridans
B. Streptococcus pneumoniae
C. Streptococcus pyogenes
D. Staphylococcus aureus
Answer: A. Streptococcus viridans
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Development of labia majora is from? Urogenital sinus
Mullerian duct
Genital ridge
Genital swelling
Answer: D.Genital swelling
","
Development of labia majora is from?
A. Urogenital sinus
B. Mullerian duct
C. Genital ridge
D. Genital swelling
Answer: D. Genital swelling
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
-Baroreceptor stimulation producesa) Decreased heart rate & BPb) Increased heart rate & BPc) Increased cardiac contractilityd) Decreased cardiac contractility?
-b
-c
-ac
-ad
Answer: d
","
Baroreceptor stimulation producesa) Decreased heart rate & BPb) Increased heart rate & BPc) Increased cardiac contractilityd) Decreased cardiac contractility?
A. b
B. c
C. ac
D. ad
Answer: D. ad
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Enlarged liver with Hepatocellular dysfunction may be seen in all of the following, except? Wilson's disease Budd Chirai syndrome Alcoholic hepatitis Post necrotic syndrome
Answer: D, Post necrotic syndrome
","
Enlarged liver with Hepatocellular dysfunction may be seen in all of the following, except?
A. Wilson's disease
B. Budd Chirai syndrome
C. Alcoholic hepatitis
D. Post necrotic syndrome
Answer: D. Post necrotic syndrome
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Reids index is increased in: March 2007?
1 Bronchial asthma
2 Bronchiectasis
3 Chronic bronchitis
4 Pneumonia
Answer:3 - Chronic bronchitis
Ans. C: Chronic bronchitisThe Reid Index is a mathematical relationship that exists in a human bronchus section observed under the microscope. It is defined as ratio between the thickness of the submucosal mucus secreting glands and the thickness between the epithelium and cailage that covers the bronchi.It isn't of diagnostic use in vivo since it requires a dissection of the airway tube, but it has value in post moem evaluations and for research.RI = gland/wallRI is the Reid IndexWall is the thickness of the airway wall between the epithelium and the cailage's perichondriumGland is the thickness of the mucous producing gland at the location of inspection.A normal Reid Index should be smaller than 0.4, the thickness of the wall always more than double the thickness of the glands it contains.Hyperplasia and hyperophy of mucous glands as in chronic bronchitis causes them to be present at deeper levels in the bronchial wall and thicker in size, thus increasing the Reid Index beyond the normal value.
","
Reids index is increased in: March 2007?
A. Bronchial asthma
B. Bronchiectasis
C. Chronic bronchitis
D. Pneumonia
Answer: C. Chronic bronchitis
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
All of the following are surgical options for morbid obesity except?
A.Adjustable gastric banding
B.Biliopancreatic diversion
C.Duodenal Switch
D.Roux en Y Duodenal By pass
Answer:D. Roux en Y Duodenal By pass
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Roux en Y Duodenal Bypass Bariatric surgical procedures include:a. Vertical banded gastroplastyb. Adjustable gastric bandingc. Roux-en Y gastric bypass (Not - Roux-en Y Duodenal Bypass)d. Biliopancreatic diversione. Duodenal switcho The surgical treatment of morbid obesity is known as bariatric surgery.o Morbid obesity is defined as body mass index of 35 kg/m2 or more with obesity related comorbidity, or BMI of 40 kg/m2 or greater without comorbidity.o Bariatric operations produce weight loss as a result of 2 factors. One is restriction of oralintake. The other is malabsorbtion of ingested food.o Gastric restrictive procedures include Vertical banded gastroplasty & Adjustable gastric bandingo Malabsorbtive procedures include Biliopancreatic diversion, and Duodenal switcho Roux-en Y gastric bypass has features of both restriction and malabsorptionBariatric Operations: Mechanism of ActionRestrictiveVertical banded gastroplastyLaparoscopic adjustable gastric bandingLargely Restrictive/Mildly MalabsorptiveRoux-en-Y gastric bypassLargely Malabsorptive/Mildly RestrictiveBiliopancreatic diversionDuodenal switch
","
All of the following are surgical options for morbid obesity except?
A. Adjustable gastric banding
B. Biliopancreatic diversion
C. Duodenal Switch
D. Roux en Y Duodenal By pass
Answer: D. Roux en Y Duodenal By pass
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
A 43-year-old man suddenly develops odynophagia. Which organism is most likely to be isolated on throat culture?
Mononucleosis
S. aureus
Normal pharyngeal flora
Group A streptococci
Answer: c
","
A 43-year-old man suddenly develops odynophagia. Which organism is most likely to be isolated on throat culture?
A. Mononucleosis
B. S. aureus
C. Normal pharyngeal flora
D. Group A streptococci
Answer: C. Normal pharyngeal flora
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
The process of destroying all microbes including spores is called?
A)Disinfection
B)Antisepsis
C)Asepsis
D)Sterilization
Answer:D- Sterilization
","
The process of destroying all microbes including spores is called?
A. Disinfection
B. Antisepsis
C. Asepsis
D. Sterilization
Answer: D. Sterilization
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
What is the sequence of development of pubey in girls ?
a-Thelarche, Pubarche, linear growth spu, Menarche,
b-Pubarche, Thelarche, Menarche, linear growth spu
c-Pubarche, Menarche, Thelarche, linear growth spu
d-Menarche, Thelarche, Pubarche, linear growth spu
Answer:a, Thelarche, Pubarche, linear growth spu, Menarche,
","
What is the sequence of development of pubey in girls ?
A. Thelarche, Pubarche, linear growth spu, Menarche,
B. Pubarche, Thelarche, Menarche, linear growth spu
C. Pubarche, Menarche, Thelarche, linear growth spu
D. Menarche, Thelarche, Pubarche, linear growth spu
Answer: A. Thelarche, Pubarche, linear growth spu, Menarche,
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Palm of one hand is placed horizontally across the mouth and nostrils in?
A)Manual strangulation
B)Palmar strangulation
C)Garrotting
D)Mugging
Answer:B- Palmar strangulation
palmar strangulation Here the palm of one hand is placed horizontally across the mouth and nostrils, it's pressure being reinforced by placing the other palm on the top of it at right angles, the heel of the palm above pressing upon the front of the neck. Ref: TEXTBOOK OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY KRISHNAN VIJ FIFTH EDITION PAGE 134
","
Palm of one hand is placed horizontally across the mouth and nostrils in?
A. Manual strangulation
B. Palmar strangulation
C. Garrotting
D. Mugging
Answer: B. Palmar strangulation
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Carcinoma of the prostate arise from?
A.Central zone
B.Peripheral zone
C.Transitional zone
D.Periurethral zone
Answer:B. Peripheral zone
","
Carcinoma of the prostate arise from?
A. Central zone
B. Peripheral zone
C. Transitional zone
D. Periurethral zone
Answer: B. Peripheral zone
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Which of the following is a poor prognostic factor for childhood ALL.?
A.Total Leukocyte count 4000-100,000
B.Age < 2 years
C.Testicular involvement
D.Blasts in peripheral smear
Answer:C. Testicular involvement
Answer is C (Testicular involvement) Testicular involvement / enlargement is a typical poor prognostic factor for childhood ALL Age < 2 years versus Testicular Involvement Typically Age < 1 year is considered a poor prognostic factor Although Age < 2 year has been mentioned as a poor prognostic factor in ceain textbooks including Hoffman's Hematology (4th/1158) most textbooks use the criteria of Age < 1 year to define a poor prognostic factor Since testicular involvement provided amongst the option is an established poor prognostic factor, this is selected as the single best answer of choice.
","
Which of the following is a poor prognostic factor for childhood ALL.?
A. Total Leukocyte count 4000-100,000
B. Age < 2 years
C. Testicular involvement
D. Blasts in peripheral smear
Answer: C. Testicular involvement
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
DNA enzyme for aging?
1 Telosomerase
2 Topoisomerase
3 Telomerase
4 DNA polymerase
Answer: Telomerase
Ans. (c) TelomeraseRef: Harper's Biochemistry, 30th ed. pg. 374, 732, 26th ed. Pg- 318* The ends of each chromosome contain structures called telomeres.* Telomeres consist of short, repeat TG-rich sequences. Human telomeres have a variable number of repeats of the sequence 5'-TTAGGG-3', which can extend for several kilobases.* Telomerase, is related to viral RNA-dependent DNA polymerases (reverse transcriptases) and is the enzyme responsible for telomere synthesis and thus for maintaining the length of the telomere.* Telomere shortening has been associated with both aging and malignant transformation. Because of this reason, telomerase has become an attractive target for cancer chemotherapy and drug development.
","
DNA enzyme for aging?
A. Telosomerase
B. Topoisomerase
C. Telomerase
D. DNA polymerase
Answer: C. Telomerase
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Which behavior is an obstacle to the development of critical thinking? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.
-Curiosity
-Biased views
-Self-confidence
-Overconfidence
-Failure to accept mistakes
Answer: -Biased views
-Overconfidence
-Failure to accept mistakes
","
Which behavior is an obstacle to the development of critical thinking? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.
A. Curiosity
B. Biased views
C. Self-confidence
D. Overconfidence
E. Failure to accept mistakes
Answer: b. Biased views
D. Overconfidence
E. Failure to accept mistakes
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Which structure(s) passes behind the inguinal ligament -a) Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerveb) Superficial epigastric arteryc) Psoas majord) Femoral veine) Saphenous vein?
1 abc
2 ad
3 bc
4 acd
Answer: acd
Structures passing deep to inguinal ligament.
- Psoas major, Iliacus, pectineus
- Femoral nerve and vessels
- Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
- Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve
- Lymphatics
","
Which structure(s) passes behind the inguinal ligament -a) Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerveb) Superficial epigastric arteryc) Psoas majord) Femoral veine) Saphenous vein?
A. abc
B. ad
C. bc
D. acd
Answer: D. acd
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
-Aspirin is contraindicated in?
-Fever
-Peptic ulcer
-Unstable angina
-Myalgia
Answer: B: Peptic ulcer
","
Aspirin is contraindicated in?
A. Fever
B. Peptic ulcer
C. Unstable angina
D. Myalgia
Answer: B. Peptic ulcer
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
50 year old male with positive family history of prostate cancer has come to you for a screening test. The screening test done to pickup prostate cancer is?
a-DRE
b-PSA
c-DRE + PSA
d-Endorectal coil MRI with T1 and T2 W images
Answer:c, DRE + PSA
","
50 year old male with positive family history of prostate cancer has come to you for a screening test. The screening test done to pickup prostate cancer is?
A. DRE
B. PSA
C. DRE + PSA
D. Endorectal coil MRI with T1 and T2 W images
Answer: C. DRE + PSA
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Which of the following iodinated compound is present in a maximum concentration in the thyroid?
A.Monoiodotyrosine (MIT)
B.Diiodotyrosine (DIT)
C.T3
D.Reverse T3
Answer:B. Diiodotyrosine (DIT)
","
Which of the following iodinated compound is present in a maximum concentration in the thyroid?
A. Monoiodotyrosine (MIT)
B. Diiodotyrosine (DIT)
C. T3
D. Reverse T3
Answer: B. Diiodotyrosine (DIT)
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Effective red cell diameter?
a-Different in males and females
b-Diameter of 500 microns
c-Thalassemia minor anemia may present with normal RBC diameter
d-Mixed iron and folic deficiency anemia produce microcytic
Answer:c, Thalassemia minor anemia may present with normal RBC diameter
","
Effective red cell diameter?
A. Different in males and females
B. Diameter of 500 microns
C. Thalassemia minor anemia may present with normal RBC diameter
D. Mixed iron and folic deficiency anemia produce microcytic
Answer: C. Thalassemia minor anemia may present with normal RBC diameter
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Tigroid white matter on MRI is seen in?
a-Pantothenate kinase deficiency
b-Pelizaeus-merzbacher disease
c-Neuroferritinopathy
d-Aceruloplasminemia
Answer:b, Pelizaeus-merzbacher disease
","
Tigroid white matter on MRI is seen in?
A. Pantothenate kinase deficiency
B. Pelizaeus-merzbacher disease
C. Neuroferritinopathy
D. Aceruloplasminemia
Answer: B. Pelizaeus-merzbacher disease
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
When VA/Q is infinity, it means?
1 Dead space
2 The PO2 of alveolar air is 159 mmHg and PCO2 is 40 mmHg
3 Paial pressure of O2 and CO are equal
4 Atelectasis
Answer: Dead space
-Ventilation / perfusion ratio - normal = 4l/min/5l/min=0.8 - AV/Q= INFINITY - Means Perfusion (Q) to lungs is zero that is blood supply to that area is hindered making it awasted ventilationin those alveoli. - This may be due to pulmonary embolism causing |ed Physiological DEAD space . DEAD SPACE- Some of the air a person breathes never reaches the gas exchange areas but simply fills respiratory passages where gas exchange does not occur, - called so as its not useful for gas exchange. Physiologial / total dead space = anatomical dead space +alveolar dead space (non perfused/ non functioning Alveoli) In Atelectasisventilation: perfusion ratio (VA/Q) iszero. it is is the most common cause of a physiologic shunt.
","
When VA/Q is infinity, it means?
A. Dead space
B. The PO2 of alveolar air is 159 mmHg and PCO2 is 40 mmHg
C. Paial pressure of O2 and CO are equal
D. Atelectasis
Answer: A. Dead space
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
All are true about temporal arteritis except?
A.Can leads to sudden bilateral blindness
B.More corrunon in females
C.Worsen on exposure to heat
D.Mostly affects elderly
Answer:C. Worsen on exposure to heat
","
All are true about temporal arteritis except?
A. Can leads to sudden bilateral blindness
B. More corrunon in females
C. Worsen on exposure to heat
D. Mostly affects elderly
Answer: C. Worsen on exposure to heat
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Lift off test is used for which of the following muscles?
a-Supraspinatus
b-Subscapularis
c-Infraspinatus
d-Biceps Breachii
Answer:b, Subscapularis
","
Lift off test is used for which of the following muscles?
A. Supraspinatus
B. Subscapularis
C. Infraspinatus
D. Biceps Breachii
Answer: B. Subscapularis
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Brugada syndrome is characterized by?
ST elevation
Prolonged PR interval
Prolonged QT interval
Tall T waves
Answer: a
","
Brugada syndrome is characterized by?
A. ST elevation
B. Prolonged PR interval
C. Prolonged QT interval
D. Tall T waves
Answer: A. ST elevation
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Which of the following is not a typical feature of Meniere's disease? Sensorineural deafness
Veigo
Pulsatile tinnitus
Fluctuating deafness
Answer: C.Pulsatile tinnitus
","
Which of the following is not a typical feature of Meniere's disease?
A. Sensorineural deafness
B. Veigo
C. Pulsatile tinnitus
D. Fluctuating deafness
Answer: C. Pulsatile tinnitus
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
A patient present with dysphagia of 4 weeks duration. Now he is able to swallow liquid food only. Which of the following is the one investigation to be done?
a)Barium studies are the best to be done
b)Upper GI endoscopy is to be done
c)CT scan is needed
d)Esophageal manometry
Answer:b, Upper GI endoscopy is to be done
Answer is B (Upper GI endoscopy is to be done) The patient is presenting with new onset dysphagia for solids alone (able to swallow liquids). This suggests dysphagia due to mechanical obstruction (carcinoma, stricture, web) which is best diagnosed by endoscopy. Note: Barium swallow is the recommended initial investigation Endoscopy is the investigation of choice.
","
A patient present with dysphagia of 4 weeks duration. Now he is able to swallow liquid food only. Which of the following is the one investigation to be done?
A. Barium studies are the best to be done
B. Upper GI endoscopy is to be done
C. CT scan is needed
D. Esophageal manometry
Answer: B. Upper GI endoscopy is to be done
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Presenting symptom of nasal myiasis is?
1 Severe irritation with sneezing
2 Maggots
3 Nasal pain
4 Impaired olfaction
Answer:1- Severe irritation with sneezing
","
Presenting symptom of nasal myiasis is?
A. Severe irritation with sneezing
B. Maggots
C. Nasal pain
D. Impaired olfaction
Answer: A. Severe irritation with sneezing
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Autopsy is known by all names except ?
a-Obduction
b-Necropsy
c-Biopsy
d-Postmoem examination
Answer:c, Biopsy
","
Autopsy is known by all names except ?
A. Obduction
B. Necropsy
C. Biopsy
D. Postmoem examination
Answer: C. Biopsy
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Ehrlich's test is done to detect?
1 Urinary amylase
2 Urinary cystine
3 Abnormal porphyrin
4 Urobilinogen
Answer:4- Urobilinogen
","
Ehrlich's test is done to detect?
A. Urinary amylase
B. Urinary cystine
C. Abnormal porphyrin
D. Urobilinogen
Answer: D. Urobilinogen
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
-All of the following are features of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), except?
-Fever
-Splenomegaly
-Hyperferritinemia
-Hyperfibrinogenemia
Answer: D: Hyperfibrinogenemia
","
All of the following are features of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), except?
A. Fever
B. Splenomegaly
C. Hyperferritinemia
D. Hyperfibrinogenemia
Answer: D. Hyperfibrinogenemia
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Thymic hypoplsia is seen in which of the following?
A)Wiskott Aldrich syndrome
B)Digeorge syndrome
C)IgA deficiency
D)Agammaglobulinamia
Answer:D, Agammaglobulinamia
","
Thymic hypoplsia is seen in which of the following?
A. Wiskott Aldrich syndrome
B. Digeorge syndrome
C. IgA deficiency
D. Agammaglobulinamia
Answer: D. Agammaglobulinamia
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
-All of the following are anthropozoonosis except?
-Rabies
-Plaque
-Anthrax
-Schistosomiasis
Answer: D: Schistosomiasis
","
All of the following are anthropozoonosis except?
A. Rabies
B. Plaque
C. Anthrax
D. Schistosomiasis
Answer: D. Schistosomiasis
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Which test helps to differentiate between concomitant squint and paralytic squint?
A.Cover - uncover test
B.Alternate covertest
C.Direct cover test
D.None of the above
Answer:B. Alternate covertest
","
Which test helps to differentiate between concomitant squint and paralytic squint?
A. Cover - uncover test
B. Alternate covertest
C. Direct cover test
D. None of the above
Answer: B. Alternate covertest
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
True regarding the development of ear?
a-Eustachian tube opens at the level of interior turbinate
b-Pinna develops from the cleft of Ist arch
c-Growth of the inner- ear completed by 4th month
d-All
Answer:d, All
","
True regarding the development of ear?
A. Eustachian tube opens at the level of interior turbinate
B. Pinna develops from the cleft of Ist arch
C. Growth of the inner- ear completed by 4th month
D. All
Answer: D. All
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
-Mechanism of action of the sulfonylureas is?
-K+ ATP channel blocker
-Na ATP channel blocker
-Cl ATP channel blocker
-Ca ATP channel blocker.
Answer: A K+ ATP channel blocker
","
Mechanism of action of the sulfonylureas is?
A. K+ ATP channel blocker
B. Na ATP channel blocker
C. Cl ATP channel blocker
D. Ca ATP channel blocker.
Answer: A. K+ ATP channel blocker
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Osgood Schlatter disease is associated with osteochondritis of?
A)Patella
B)Femur medial condyle
C)Tibial tubercle
D)Femur lateral condyle
Answer:C, Tibial tubercle
","
Osgood Schlatter disease is associated with osteochondritis of?
A. Patella
B. Femur medial condyle
C. Tibial tubercle
D. Femur lateral condyle
Answer: C. Tibial tubercle
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
For diagnosis of carcinoma cervix, PAP smear screening is done to?
a-100% Informative
b-Detects to change into sarcoma
c-Prevents progress of the disease
d-Every six months cervical smear in all sexually active women.
Answer:c, Prevents progress of the disease
","
For diagnosis of carcinoma cervix, PAP smear screening is done to?
A. 100% Informative
B. Detects to change into sarcoma
C. Prevents progress of the disease
D. Every six months cervical smear in all sexually active women.
Answer: C. Prevents progress of the disease
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Mucositis is caused by?
a-5-Fluorouracil
b-Methotrexate
c-Paclitaxel
d-Cisplatin
Answer:a, 5-Fluorouracil
","
Mucositis is caused by?
A. 5-Fluorouracil
B. Methotrexate
C. Paclitaxel
D. Cisplatin
Answer: A. 5-Fluorouracil
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Which of the following clinical laboratory observations is suggestive of Hanup disease?
a - Burnt sugar smell in urine
b - High plasma phenylalanine levels
c - Extremely high levels of citrulline in urine
d - High fecal levels of tryptophan and indole derivatives
Answer: High fecal levels of tryptophan and indole derivatives
","
Which of the following clinical laboratory observations is suggestive of Hanup disease?
A. Burnt sugar smell in urine
B. High plasma phenylalanine levels
C. Extremely high levels of citrulline in urine
D. High fecal levels of tryptophan and indole derivatives
Answer: D. High fecal levels of tryptophan and indole derivatives
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
A patient arrives at the emergency department complaining of midsternal chest pain. Which of the following nursing action should take priority? A complete history with emphasis on preceding events.
An electrocardiogram
Careful assessment of vital signs
Chest exam with auscultation
Answer: C.Careful assessment of vital signs
","
A patient arrives at the emergency department complaining of midsternal chest pain. Which of the following nursing action should take priority?
A. A complete history with emphasis on preceding events.
B. An electrocardiogram
C. Careful assessment of vital signs
D. Chest exam with auscultation
Answer: C. Careful assessment of vital signs
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Colour of crystals in positive Florence test is?
a-Yellow
b-White
c-Purple
d-Dark Brown
Answer:d, Dark Brown
","
Colour of crystals in positive Florence test is?
A. Yellow
B. White
C. Purple
D. Dark Brown
Answer: D. Dark Brown
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
The following are adverse effects of SSRIs except?
1 Weight changes
2 Diarrhoea
3 Delayed ejaculation
4 Galactorrhea
Answer: Galactorrhea
Galactorrhea is a side effect of hyperprolactinemia is not usually seen with SSRIs Side effects of SSRIs include weight changes, delayed ejaculation,diarrhoea,bleeding , discontinuation syndrome,insomnia. Ref: KD Tripathi 8th ed.
","
The following are adverse effects of SSRIs except?
A. Weight changes
B. Diarrhoea
C. Delayed ejaculation
D. Galactorrhea
Answer: D. Galactorrhea
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Grave's ophthalmopathy mostly presents as September 2010?
A.Proptosis
B.Ptosis
C.Reduced intraocular tension
D.Increased power of convergence
Answer:A. Proptosis
","
Grave's ophthalmopathy mostly presents as September 2010?
A. Proptosis
B. Ptosis
C. Reduced intraocular tension
D. Increased power of convergence
Answer: A. Proptosis
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
True statements about parotid gland?
A)Duct opens oppsite to upper 2nd molar tooth
B)Duct pierces Masseter
C)Develops from ectoderm
D)Secretomotor fibres come from facial nerve
Answer:A- Duct opens oppsite to upper 2nd molar tooth
The duct runs forwards for a sho distance between the buccinator and the oral mucosa. Finally, the duct turns medically and opens into the vestibule of the mouth(gingivobuccal vestibule)opposite the crown of the upper second molar tooth. Notes: Parotid abscess may be caused by spread of infection from the opening of parotid duct in the mouth cavity. <img src="" /> REF.BDC VOL.3,Sixth edition pg 110
","
True statements about parotid gland?
A. Duct opens oppsite to upper 2nd molar tooth
B. Duct pierces Masseter
C. Develops from ectoderm
D. Secretomotor fibres come from facial nerve
Answer: A. Duct opens oppsite to upper 2nd molar tooth
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Mark the true statement regarding use of Lithium in maniac-depressive psychosis?
A.Monotherapy for acute episodes
B.Monitoring of serum concentration is not useful for guiding dose adjustment
C.Can result in leucocytosis
D.Can result in hypehyroidism on long term use
Answer:C. Can result in leucocytosis
Lithium Use : Prophylaxis of mania alone, with sedatives in acute mania. Monitoring of S. concentration is significant to know the toxicity of drug S/E of Lithium Lithium use for a long time causes benign and reversible T-wave flattening Seizures Polyuria and compensatory polydipsia Dermatitis, folliculitis, vasculitis Weight gain
","
Mark the true statement regarding use of Lithium in maniac-depressive psychosis?
A. Monotherapy for acute episodes
B. Monitoring of serum concentration is not useful for guiding dose adjustment
C. Can result in leucocytosis
D. Can result in hypehyroidism on long term use
Answer: C. Can result in leucocytosis
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
A 38 year old male has paroxysmal hypeension. He is subsequently found to have medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, pheochromocytoma, and mucosal neuromas. Parathyroid involvement is not noted. What is the most likely diagnosis?
a - MEN type I
b - MEN type II
c - MEN type III
d - Sipple's syndrome
Answer: MEN type III
","
A 38 year old male has paroxysmal hypeension. He is subsequently found to have medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, pheochromocytoma, and mucosal neuromas. Parathyroid involvement is not noted. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. MEN type I
B. MEN type II
C. MEN type III
D. Sipple's syndrome
Answer: C. MEN type III
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
The number of doses recommended for oral Ty21a typhoid vaccine is?
A.14
B.5
C.3
D.1
Answer:C. 3
","
The number of doses recommended for oral Ty21a typhoid vaccine is?
A. 14
B. 5
C. 3
D. 1
Answer: C. 3
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
-Most potent statin is?
-Simvastatin
-Pitavastatin
-Rosuvastatin
-Atorvastatin
Answer: C Rosuvastatin
","
Most potent statin is?
A. Simvastatin
B. Pitavastatin
C. Rosuvastatin
D. Atorvastatin
Answer: C. Rosuvastatin
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Nestritide is a? Brain Natriuretic peptide analogue Endothelin R antagonist Gp Ilb/IIIa antagonist INF-a antagonist
Answer: A, Brain Natriuretic peptide analogue
","
Nestritide is a?
A. Brain Natriuretic peptide analogue
B. Endothelin R antagonist
C. Gp Ilb/IIIa antagonist
D. INF-a antagonist
Answer: A. Brain Natriuretic peptide analogue
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
-Which of the following malignancy shows least lymph node involvement?
-Supraglottic
-Subglottic
-Glottic cancer
-Ca nasopharynx
Answer: C Glottic cancer
","
Which of the following malignancy shows least lymph node involvement?
A. Supraglottic
B. Subglottic
C. Glottic cancer
D. Ca nasopharynx
Answer: C. Glottic cancer
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Melanin is formed from which aminoacid?
1 Phenylalanine
2 Tyrosine
3 Tryptophan
4 Histidine
Answer:2 - Tyrosine
Ans. is 'b' i.e., TyrosineAmino acidsBiological important compoundTyrosineCatecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine), thyroxine, triiodothryonine, melanin.(Note : - Phenylalanine is the precursor of tyrosine, thus it can also give rise to all these compounds through tyrosine (phenylalanine - Tyrosine - Catecholamines, thyroxine, T3' melanin).TryptophanVitamin niacin, melatonin, SerotoninGlycine, Arginine, methionineCreatineGlycine, cysteineBile saltsGlycineHemeAspartic acid and glutaminePyrimidine basesGlycine, aspartic acid, glutaminePurine basesb-alanineCoenzyme-AArginineNitric oxideHistidine, Arginine, lysineKeratinMethionine, lysineCarnitineGABAGlutamateGlutamate, cysteine, glycineGlutathione
","
Melanin is formed from which aminoacid?
A. Phenylalanine
B. Tyrosine
C. Tryptophan
D. Histidine
Answer: B. Tyrosine
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
-Of the following which does not categorise under Rape? Sexual intercourse with?
-Wife below 15 years
-Wife above 15 years
-Women below 16 years
-Women above 20 years
Answer: d
","
Of the following which does not categorise under Rape? Sexual intercourse with?
A. Wife below 15 years
B. Wife above 15 years
C. Women below 16 years
D. Women above 20 years
Answer: D. Women above 20 years
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Not a marker for hyperparathyroidism is?
1 Increase in serum calcium
2 Increase in 24 hour urinary calcium excretion
3 Decrease in serum calcitonin
4 Subperiosteal resorption of phalanges
Answer: Decrease in serum calcitonin
Answer is C (Decrease in serum calcitonin) : Serum calcitonin is no marker fir hyperparathyroidism. It antagonizes the actions of parathyroid hormone and may be used as a modality of treatment of hypercalcemia secondary to hyperparathyroidism. Markers of hyperparathyroidism (|ed PTH): 1. Increased serum calcium: Stimulates Vit D which causes increased absorption of Ca-H- from gut Increased calcium reabsorption from tubules Increases osteoblastic activity in bones and mobilizes calcium from bone into serum. 2. Decreased serum phosphorus: - PTH acts on tubules to increase excretion of phosphorus. 3. Increased 24 hr urine calcium: - Despite increased reabsorption of Ca++ in renal tubules urinary calcium is increased owing to increased filtration of calcium in glomerular filtrate. 4. Increased Alkaline phosphatase: -Increased resorption of bone leads to compensatory elevation of osteoblastic activity 5. Radiological changes: Subperiosteal resorption of phalanges is characteristic (hand X Rays are always advised) Bone resorption i.e. osteitis fibrosa et cystica (brown tumours) `Salt pepper' or 'pepper pot skull' appearance - Loss of lamina dura
","
Not a marker for hyperparathyroidism is?
A. Increase in serum calcium
B. Increase in 24 hour urinary calcium excretion
C. Decrease in serum calcitonin
D. Subperiosteal resorption of phalanges
Answer: C. Decrease in serum calcitonin
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
-INH induced neuropathy is treated with?
-Thiamine
-Pyridoxine
-Niacin
-Riboflavin
Answer: B: Pyridoxine
","
INH induced neuropathy is treated with?
A. Thiamine
B. Pyridoxine
C. Niacin
D. Riboflavin
Answer: B. Pyridoxine
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
The most impoant indication for surgical repair of a Bicornuate Uterus is?
a-Infeility
b-Dysmenorrhoea
c-Menorrhagia
d-Recurrent aboions
Answer:d, Recurrent aboions
","
The most impoant indication for surgical repair of a Bicornuate Uterus is?
A. Infeility
B. Dysmenorrhoea
C. Menorrhagia
D. Recurrent aboions
Answer: D. Recurrent aboions
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
The major regulator of platelet production is the hormone thrombopoietin (THPO), which is produced by? a,Kidneys
bLiver,c.Liver and kidneys,d. Spleen and lymph nodes
Answer: c, Liver and kidneys
","
The major regulator of platelet production is the hormone thrombopoietin (THPO), which is produced by?
A. Kidneys
B. Liver
C. Liver and kidneys
D. Spleen and lymph nodes
Answer: C. Liver and kidneys
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
The intermediate host for T. Saginata is?
1 Man
2 Cow
3 Dog
4 Pig
Answer: Cow
Cow
","
The intermediate host for T. Saginata is?
A. Man
B. Cow
C. Dog
D. Pig
Answer: B. Cow
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Which of the following is seen in cystic fibrosis?
a-Low sweat chloride levels
b-Elevated sweat chloride levels
c-Low sweat sodium levels
d-Elevated sweat potassium levels
Answer:b, Elevated sweat chloride levels
","
Which of the following is seen in cystic fibrosis?
A. Low sweat chloride levels
B. Elevated sweat chloride levels
C. Low sweat sodium levels
D. Elevated sweat potassium levels
Answer: B. Elevated sweat chloride levels
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Which of the following vessel does not cross the midline of the body?
a-Left gonadal vein
b-Left renal vein
c-Left brachiocephalic vein
d-Hemiazygous vein
Answer:a, Left gonadal vein
","
Which of the following vessel does not cross the midline of the body?
A. Left gonadal vein
B. Left renal vein
C. Left brachiocephalic vein
D. Hemiazygous vein
Answer: A. Left gonadal vein
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
-Romana's sign is seen in?
-Toxoplasma
-Trypanosoma cruzi
-Loaloa
-Wuchereria
Answer: B Trypanosoma cruzi
","
Romana's sign is seen in?
A. Toxoplasma
B. Trypanosoma cruzi
C. Loaloa
D. Wuchereria
Answer: B. Trypanosoma cruzi
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
How much luting agent is required for cementation of crown?
a-3/4th filled slightly upto the margin
b-1/4th filled
c-1/2 filled
d-Full to prevent bubble
Answer:c, 1/2 filled
","
How much luting agent is required for cementation of crown?
A. 3/4th filled slightly upto the margin
B. 1/4th filled
C. 1/2 filled
D. Full to prevent bubble
Answer: C. 1/2 filled
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Tick born relapsing fever is/are caused by? a,Borrelia recurrentis
bBorrelia duttonii,c.Borrlia burgdorferi,d. All
Answer: b, Borrelia duttonii
","
Tick born relapsing fever is/are caused by?
A. Borrelia recurrentis
B. Borrelia duttonii
C. Borrlia burgdorferi
D. All
Answer: B. Borrelia duttonii
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii is indicated in HIV positive patents When CD4 count is?
a)<300 cells/mm3
b)< 200 cells / mm3
c)< 100 cells/mm3
d)< 50 cells / mm3
Answer:b, < 200 cells / mm3
Low CD4 count correlated with risk of PCP (p < 0.0001); 79% had CD4 counts less than 100/microl and 95% had CD4 counts less than 200/microl. Bacterial pneumonia has been linked to several HIV-related factors, including CD4 counts, having an uncontrolled viral load, and not being on antiretroviral therapy. HIV-positive people with a weak immune system, paicularly a CD4 count below 200 cells/mm3, are at greatest risk. Ref Harrison20th edition pg 1107
","
prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii is indicated in HIV positive patents When CD4 count is?
A. <300 cells/mm3
B. < 200 cells / mm3
C. < 100 cells/mm3
D. < 50 cells / mm3
Answer: B. < 200 cells / mm3
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
The structure that integrates impulses for eye-hand coordination is? a,Superior colliculus
bFrontal eye field,c.Pretectal nucleus,d. Area 17
Answer: a, Superior colliculus
","
The structure that integrates impulses for eye-hand coordination is?
A. Superior colliculus
B. Frontal eye field
C. Pretectal nucleus
D. Area 17
Answer: A. Superior colliculus
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
-Ghotna is:?
-Heavy wooden log rolled on leg
-Compressing the thighs with two roads
-Tying the limps to the pole
-Electric shock to genitalia
Answer: A Heavy wooden log rolled on leg
","
Ghotna is:?
A. Heavy wooden log rolled on leg
B. Compressing the thighs with two roads
C. Tying the limps to the pole
D. Electric shock to genitalia
Answer: A. Heavy wooden log rolled on leg
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Which is not synthesized by the vascular epithelium? Prostacyclin Angiotensin 2 Endothelin Heparin
Answer: B, Angiotensin 2
","
Which is not synthesized by the vascular epithelium?
A. Prostacyclin
B. Angiotensin 2
C. Endothelin
D. Heparin
Answer: B. Angiotensin 2
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
-patient has decreased weight, need for thinness, the diagnosis is?
-refeeding syndrome
-anorexia nervosa
-metabolic syndrome
-bulimia nervosa
Answer: b
","
patient has decreased weight, need for thinness, the diagnosis is?
A. refeeding syndrome
B. anorexia nervosa
C. metabolic syndrome
D. bulimia nervosa
Answer: B. anorexia nervosa
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
-Which among the following occupation is a risk factor for this presenting illness?
-A lifeguard in swimming pool
-A poultry worker
-Farmer
-A kennel worker
Answer: A A lifeguard in swimming pool
","
Which among the following occupation is a risk factor for this presenting illness?
A. A lifeguard in swimming pool
B. A poultry worker
C. Farmer
D. A kennel worker
Answer: A. A lifeguard in swimming pool
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Drugs undergoing acetylation include all except?
A)Dapsone
B)Metoclopramide
C)Procainamide
D)INH
Answer:B, Metoclopramide
","
Drugs undergoing acetylation include all except?
A. Dapsone
B. Metoclopramide
C. Procainamide
D. INH
Answer: B. Metoclopramide
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Judge can ask questions: Punjab 07?
1 During cross-examination
2 Examination-in-Chief
3 Any time during trial
4 Re-examination
Answer: Any time during trial
Ans. Any time during trial
","
Judge can ask questions: Punjab 07?
A. During cross-examination
B. Examination-in-Chief
C. Any time during trial
D. Re-examination
Answer: C. Any time during trial
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody used for treatment of:?
a - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
b - Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
c - Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
d - Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Answer: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
","
Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody used for treatment of:?
A. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
B. Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
C. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
D. Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Answer: A. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
All of the following are ACTH independent Cushing syndrome except?
A)Pituitary adenoma
B)Adrenal hyperplasia
C)Adrenocoical carcinoma
D)McCune Albright Syndrome
Answer:A- Pituitary adenoma
ACTH dependent Cushing syndrome is caused by : ACTH producing pituitary adenoma Ectopic ACTH Bronchial or pancreatic carcinoid Small cell cancer of lung Medullary carcinoma of thyroids Pheochromocytoma ACTH Independent Cushing syndrome is caused by : Adrenocoical adenoma/ carcinoma Primary pigmented nodular adrenal disease Adrenal hyperplasia McCune Albright Syndrome Petrosal/Peripheral ACTH ratio > 2 indicates the presence of a pituitary adenoma-secreting ACTH. NOTE: Overall the most common cause of Cushing's syndrome is Iatrogenic steroids but if asked regarding ACTH dependent cause then answer should be given as Pituitary adenoma.
","
All of the following are ACTH independent Cushing syndrome except?
A. Pituitary adenoma
B. Adrenal hyperplasia
C. Adrenocoical carcinoma
D. McCune Albright Syndrome
Answer: A. Pituitary adenoma
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Per rectum examination is not a useful test for diagnosis of?
A.Anal fissure
B.Hemorrhoid
C.Pilonidal sinus
D.Rectal ulcer
Answer:C. Pilonidal sinus
PILONIDAL SINUS/DISEASE (Jeep Bottom; Driver's Bottom) Pilus--hair; Nidus--nest It is epithelium lined tract, situated sho distance behind the anus, containing hairs and unhealthy diseased granula- tion tissue. It is due to penetration of hairs through the skin into subcutaneous tissue. It forms granuloma/unhealthy granulation tissue in the deeper plane. It is of infective origin and occurs in sacral region between the buttocks, umbilicus, axilla. Other indications of per rectal examination are:Carcinoma rectum, Stricture rectum, Polyps, BPH and carcinoma prostate, Secondaries in the rectovesical pouch (Blumer shelf), Sphincter tone, Pelvic abscess (is felt as boggy swelling), to feel the internal opening of anal fistulas, in bimanual palpation of the bladder or pelvic tumours, in acute abdominal conditions--it reveals dilated empty rectum with tenderness.Reference : page 967 and 952 SRB's manual of surgery 5th edition
","
Per rectum examination is not a useful test for diagnosis of?
A. Anal fissure
B. Hemorrhoid
C. Pilonidal sinus
D. Rectal ulcer
Answer: C. Pilonidal sinus
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
A 68-year-old man is admitted to the coronary care unit with an acute myocardial infarction. His postinfarction course is marked by congestive hea failure and intermittent hypotension. On the fouh day in hospital, he develops severe midabdominal pain. On physical examination, blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg and pulse is 110 beats per minute and regular; the abdomen is soft with mild generalized tenderness and distention. Bowel sounds are hypoactive; stool Hematest is positive. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in this patient's management?
A)Barium enema
B)Upper gastrointestinal series
C)Angiography
D)Ultrasonography
Answer:C, Angiography
","
A 68-year-old man is admitted to the coronary care unit with an acute myocardial infarction. His postinfarction course is marked by congestive hea failure and intermittent hypotension. On the fouh day in hospital, he develops severe midabdominal pain. On physical examination, blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg and pulse is 110 beats per minute and regular; the abdomen is soft with mild generalized tenderness and distention. Bowel sounds are hypoactive; stool Hematest is positive. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in this patient's management?
A. Barium enema
B. Upper gastrointestinal series
C. Angiography
D. Ultrasonography
Answer: C. Angiography
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
-Nerve compressed by aneurysm of posterior communicating aery is?
-Occulomotor nerve
-Optic nerve
-Hypophysis cerebri
-Trochlear nerve
Answer: a: Occulomotor nerve
","
Nerve compressed by aneurysm of posterior communicating aery is?
A. Occulomotor nerve
B. Optic nerve
C. Hypophysis cerebri
D. Trochlear nerve
Answer: A. Occulomotor nerve
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
""Birbeck granules"" are seen in?
a-Melanosomes
b-Lamellar bodies
c-Keratohyalin granules
d-Langerhan cells
Answer:d, Langerhan cells
","
""Birbeck granules"" are seen in?
A. Melanosomes
B. Lamellar bodies
C. Keratohyalin granules
D. Langerhan cells
Answer: D. Langerhan cells
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Maximum flow of Type1 inlay wax at 45degree?
A)2%
B)3%
C)10%
D)70%
Answer:D- 70%
","
Maximum flow of Type1 inlay wax at 45degree?
A. 2%
B. 3%
C. 10%
D. 70%
Answer: D. 70%
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Nephrotic syndrome is characterised by?
a-Proteinuria
b-Hyperlipidemia
c-Oedema
d-All
Answer:d, All
","
Nephrotic syndrome is characterised by?
A. Proteinuria
B. Hyperlipidemia
C. Oedema
D. All
Answer: D. All
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
According to Hellin's law chances of twins in pregnancy are?
1 in 60
1 in 70
1 in 80
1 in 90
Answer: c
","
According to Hellin's law chances of twins in pregnancy are?
A. 1 in 60
B. 1 in 70
C. 1 in 80
D. 1 in 90
Answer: C. 1 in 80
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Ca 125 is used in diagnosis of?
Ovarian cancer
Gall bladder cancer
Carcinoids
Bronchogenic cancer
Answer: a
","
Ca 125 is used in diagnosis of?
A. Ovarian cancer
B. Gall bladder cancer
C. Carcinoids
D. Bronchogenic cancer
Answer: A. Ovarian cancer
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
-The industry, with the highest accidental death rate and long held to be the most dangerous occupation is –?
-Agriculture
-Construction
-Mining and quarrying
-Trade
Answer: c: Mining and quarrying
","
The industry, with the highest accidental death rate and long held to be the most dangerous occupation is –?
A. Agriculture
B. Construction
C. Mining and quarrying
D. Trade
Answer: C. Mining and quarrying
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
All of the following veins lack valves except?
a - Femoral vein
b - Poal vein
c - IVC
d - Dural venous sinuses
Answer: Femoral vein
","
All of the following veins lack valves except?
A. Femoral vein
B. Poal vein
C. IVC
D. Dural venous sinuses
Answer: A. Femoral vein
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Test used for factor VIII deficiency identification is?
A.PT
B.APTT
C.D dimer
D.FDP
Answer:B. APTT
","
Test used for factor VIII deficiency identification is?
A. PT
B. APTT
C. D dimer
D. FDP
Answer: B. APTT
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
When is the World No Tobacco Day celebrated? a,1st May
b31st May,c.1st August,d. 31st August
Answer: b, 31st May
","
When is the World No Tobacco Day celebrated?
A. 1st May
B. 31st May
C. 1st August
D. 31st August
Answer: B. 31st May
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
The signs of malignant transformation in osteochondroma are all except?
a - Pain
b - Weight loss
c - Increase in size
d - Increase in thickness of cailage cap
Answer: Weight loss
","
The signs of malignant transformation in osteochondroma are all except?
A. Pain
B. Weight loss
C. Increase in size
D. Increase in thickness of cailage cap
Answer: B. Weight loss
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
-Accordian sign is seen in?
-Pseudomembranous colitis
-Intussusception
-Ileocecal TB
-Ischemic colitis
Answer: A Pseudomembranous colitis
","
Accordian sign is seen in?
A. Pseudomembranous colitis
B. Intussusception
C. Ileocecal TB
D. Ischemic colitis
Answer: A. Pseudomembranous colitis
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
A nurse on the postoperative nursing unit provides care to reduce the incidence of surgical
wound infection. What actions are best to achieve this goal? (Select all that apply.)
a. Administering antibiotics for 72 hours
b. Disposing of dressings properly
c. Leaving draining wounds open to air
d. Performing proper hand hygiene
e. Removing and replacing wet dressings
Answer: B, D, E
Interventions necessary to prevent surgical wound infection include proper disposal of soiled
dressings, performing proper hand hygiene, and removing wet dressings as they can be a
source of infection. Prophylactic antibiotics may be given to clients at risk for infection, but
not all clients need them for 72 hours. Draining wounds would always be covered.
","
A nurse on the postoperative nursing unit provides care to reduce the incidence of surgical
wound infection. What actions are best to achieve this goal? (Select all that apply.)
A. Administering antibiotics for 72 hours
B. Disposing of dressings properly
C. Leaving draining wounds open to air
D. Performing proper hand hygiene
E. Removing and replacing wet dressings
Answer: B. Disposing of dressings properly, D. Performing proper hand hygiene, E. Removing and replacing wet dressings
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Which of the following is the source of energy for a cardiac muscle at normal conditions? Fatty acids
Ketone bodies
Glucose
Any of the above
Answer: A.Fatty acids
","
Which of the following is the source of energy for a cardiac muscle at normal conditions?
A. Fatty acids
B. Ketone bodies
C. Glucose
D. Any of the above
Answer: A. Fatty acids
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Chronic urethral obstruction due to benign prismatic hyperplasia can lead to the following change in kidney parenchyma?
A.Hyperplasia
B.Hyperophy
C.Atrophy
D.Dyplasia
Answer:C. Atrophy
Chronic urethral obstruction because of urinary calculi, prostatic hyperophy, tumors, normal pregnancy, tumors, uterine prolapse or functional disorders cause hydronephrosis which by definition is used to describe dilatation of renal pelvis and calculus associated with progressive atrophy of the kidney due to obstruction to the outflow of urine Refer Robbins 7yh/9,1012,9/e. P950
","
Chronic urethral obstruction due to benign prismatic hyperplasia can lead to the following change in kidney parenchyma?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hyperophy
C. Atrophy
D. Dyplasia
Answer:C. Atrophy
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia can occur when terfenadine(antihistaminic)?
A)Is coadministrator with azithromycin
B)Is coadministrator with fluconazole
C)Is given in higher doses
D)Reduces QT interval
Answer:C- Is given in higher doses
Torsades de pointes (polymorphic ventricular tachycardia) occurs when terfenadine is taken in higher doses or when hepatic metabolism is impaired by disease or by drugs which inhibit the cytochrome P450 responsible for metabolism of terfenadine. Drugs include erythromycin, clarithromycin, ketoconazole and itraconazole. Azithromycin and fluconazole that are excreted unchanged in the urine have not been associated with impaired metabolism of terfenadine. Terfenadine blocks the delayed rectifier potassium channels and prolongs cardiac repolarization and the QT interval.
","
Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia can occur when terfenadine(antihistaminic)?
A. Is coadministrator with azithromycin
B. Is coadministrator with fluconazole
C. Is given in higher doses
D. Reduces QT interval
Answer: C. Is given in higher doses
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
""Antihistone"" antibodies are detectable in?
1 CREST
2 PAN
3 Drug induced Lupus
4 Intestinal lymphoma
Answer:3 - Drug induced Lupus
Drug induced Lupus
","
""Antihistone"" antibodies are detectable in?
A. CREST
B. PAN
C. Drug induced Lupus
D. Intestinal lymphoma
Answer: C. Drug induced Lupus
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
CVS change in pregnancy? a,Slight right axis deviation in ECG
bSlight left axis deviation in ECG,c.Diastolic murmur,d. Pulse rate is decreased
Answer: b, Slight left axis deviation in ECG
","
CVS change in pregnancy?
A. Slight right axis deviation in ECG
B. Slight left axis deviation in ECG
C. Diastolic murmur
D. Pulse rate is decreased
Answer: B. Slight left axis deviation in ECG
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
A 10-mm calculus in the right lower ureter associated with proximal
hydroureterone-phrosis is best treated with?
1 ESWL
2 PCNL
3 Open ureterolithotomy
4 Ureteroscopic retrieval
Answer:4- Ureteroscopic retrieval
","
A 10-mm calculus in the right lower ureter associated with proximal
hydroureterone-phrosis is best treated with?
A. ESWL
B. PCNL
C. Open ureterolithotomy
D. Ureteroscopic retrieval
Answer: D. Ureteroscopic retrieval
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Anaplasia is a hallmark feature of _________.? Benign tumors Malignant tumors Both 1 & 2 Normal cell
Answer: B, Malignant tumors
","
Anaplasia is a hallmark feature of _________.?
A. Benign tumors
B. Malignant tumors
C. Both 1 & 2
D. Normal cell
Answer: B. Malignant tumors
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Punishment for infanticide comes under?
A)IPC102
B)IPC324
C)IPC302
D)IPC300
Answer:C- IPC302
Ref:Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology (V.V.Pillay) 17th edition, page no.377 Infanticide refers to the deliberate killings of chlid below the age of one year.In England, Germany, UK, there is a clear-cut distinction between homicide and infanticides. In India, no such distinction exists, and accuse is punished under sec.302IPC,the same manner as in murder.
","
Punishment for infanticide comes under?
A. IPC102
B. IPC324
C. IPC302
D. IPC300
Answer: C. IPC302
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
All are the branches of internal iliac artery except?
1 Obturator artery
2 Middle rectal artery
3 Femoral artery
4 Internal pudendal artery
Answer: Femoral artery
Ans. C. Femoral arteryThe internal iliac artery supplies the walls and viscera of the pelvis, the buttock, the reproductive organs, and the medial compartment of the thigh.It arises at the bifurcation of the common iliac artery, opposite the lumbosacral articulation, and, passing downward to the upper margin of the greater sciatic foramen, divides into two large trunks, an anterior and a posterior.The anterior division gives rise to these arteries:a. Umbilical artery (in fetus),b. Obturator artery,c. Vaginal artery,d. Superior &inferior vesical artery,e. Uterine artery,f. Middle rectal artery,g. Internal pudendal artery,h. Inferior gluteal artery.The posterior division gives rise to the superior gluteal, iliolumbar, and lateral sacral arteries.
","
All are the branches of internal iliac artery except?
A. Obturator artery
B. Middle rectal artery
C. Femoral artery
D. Internal pudendal artery
Answer: C. Femoral artery
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Direct coomb's test detects? Antigen in serum
Antibodies in RBC surface
Antigen in RBC surface
Antibodies in serum
Answer: B.Antibodies in RBC surface
","
Direct coomb's test detects?
A. Antigen in serum
B. Antibodies in RBC surface
C. Antigen in RBC surface
D. Antibodies in serum
Answer: B. Antibodies in RBC surface
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
-Regarding autoimmune hemolytic anemia in pregnancy all are true except?
-Direct coombs test is usually positive
-Pregnancy accelerates hemolysis
-Usually does not respond to steroids
-Fetal michrochimerism results in aberrant antibody production
Answer: C: Usually does not respond to steroids
","
Regarding autoimmune hemolytic anemia in pregnancy all are true except?
A. Direct coombs test is usually positive
B. Pregnancy accelerates hemolysis
C. Usually does not respond to steroids
D. Fetal michrochimerism results in aberrant antibody production
Answer: C. Usually does not respond to steroids
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
The main difference between dental stone and dental plaster is?
A)Chemical composition
B)Self life
C)Shape and size of particles
D)Solubility in water
Answer:C- Shape and size of particles
","
The main difference between dental stone and dental plaster is?
A. Chemical composition
B. Self life
C. Shape and size of particles
D. Solubility in water
Answer: C. Shape and size of particles
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Which of the following is not a pyrimidine base? Cytosine
Uracil
Guanine
Thymine
Answer: C.Guanine
","
Which of the following is not a pyrimidine base?
A. Cytosine
B. Uracil
C. Guanine
D. Thymine
Answer: C. Guanine
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
-Most common complication of tonsillectomy is?
-Hemorrhage
-Teeth injury
-Pneumonia
-Otitis media
Answer: a: Hemorrhage
","
Most common complication of tonsillectomy is?
A. Hemorrhage
B. Teeth injury
C. Pneumonia
D. Otitis media
Answer: A. Hemorrhage
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Which of the following analgesics should not be given in acute MI ?
Methadone
Morphine
Buprenorphine
Pentazocine
Answer: d
","
Which of the following analgesics should not be given in acute MI ?
A. Methadone
B. Morphine
C. Buprenorphine
D. Pentazocine
Answer: D. Pentazocine
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Milroys disease is lymphedema which is? Familial Follows filariasis Follows erysipelas A sequele to white leg
Answer: A, Familial
","
Milroys disease is lymphedema which is?
A. Familial
B. Follows filariasis
C. Follows erysipelas
D. A sequele to white leg
Answer: A. Familial
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Which enzyme converts Testosterone to dihydroxytestosterone? Aromatase 5 a reductase 5 a hydroxylase 7 a hydroxylase
Answer: B, 5 a reductase
","
Which enzyme converts Testosterone to dihydroxytestosterone?
A. Aromatase
B. 5 a reductase
C. 5 a hydroxylase
D. 7 a hydroxylase
Answer: B. 5 a reductase
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Pyogenic granuloma is associated with?
a)Gastric adenocarcinoma
b)Pseudomonas infection
c)Ulcerative colitis
d)Intestinal tuberculosis
Answer:c, Ulcerative colitis
Pyogenic granuloma is a misnomer as there is no granuloma. It is a benign vascular lesion that bleeds easily on trauma.
It is associated with Inflammatory Bowel disease (Ulcerative colitis > Crohn's disease).
","
Pyogenic granuloma is associated with?
A. Gastric adenocarcinoma
B. Pseudomonas infection
C. Ulcerative colitis
D. Intestinal tuberculosis
Answer: C. Ulcerative colitis
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
True regarding the rubens valve is?
Is a non-rebreathing valve
Will not allow spontaneous respiration
Is a pressure reducing valve
May jam in expiratory position
Answer: a
","
True regarding the rubens valve is?
A. Is a non-rebreathing valve
B. Will not allow spontaneous respiration
C. Is a pressure reducing valve
D. May jam in expiratory position
Answer: A. Is a non-rebreathing valve
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Which of the following is not a cause of glomerular proteinuria?
a)Diabetes Mellitus
b)Amyloidosis
c)Multiple myeloma
d)Nil Lesion
Answer:c, Multiple myeloma
Multiple myeloma is characterized by tubular proteinuria. The Bence Jones proteins induce tubular damage Increased beta-2-microglobulin levels in urine is an prognostic indicator of Multiple myeloma Diabetes Mellitus and amyloidosis lead to damage to basement membrane of the kidney leading to glomerular proteinuria in form of albuminuria Nil Lesion is also called as minimal change disease and presents as glomerular cause of proteinuria leading to nephrotic presentation . Multiple Myeloma: SPEP will demonstrate a sharp peak (""church spire"" orM band) in the gamma globulin region as shown below:
","
Which of the following is not a cause of glomerular proteinuria?
A. Diabetes Mellitus
B. Amyloidosis
C. Multiple myeloma
D. Nil Lesion
Answer: C. Multiple myeloma
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
What is approx fetal weight, if height of uterus is above pubic symphysis is 35 cm and station of head -2?
1 2.5 kg
2 3 kg
3 3.5 kg
4 4 kg
Answer:3 - 3.5 kg
Ans. is c, i.e. 3.5 kgRef. Dutta Obs. 9/e, p 68Estimation of fetal weight can be done using Johnson formula:If station of head below ischial spine x 155If fetal head is at or above ischial spine- x 155 Here fetal head is at - 2, i.e. above ischial spine, so it will be (35 - 12) x 155 = 3.5 kg.Also Know:USG measurement of fetal weight =Shephard formula =Log10 EFW(gm)=1.2508+-(0.002646xACxBPD)Hadlock formula =Log10 EFW(gm)=1.3596-0.00386(ACxFL)+0.0064(HC)+0.00061(BPDxAC)+0.0425(AC)+0.0174(FL)
","
What is approx fetal weight, if height of uterus is above pubic symphysis is 35 cm and station of head -2?
A. 2.5 kg
B. 3 kg
C. 3.5 kg
D. 4 kg
Answer: C. 3.5 kg
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Regarding Sjogren's syndrome, all are true except: September 2010?
A.Keratoconjuctivitis sicca
B.Rheumatoid ahritis
C.Epiphora
D.Autoimmune in nature
Answer:C. Epiphora
Ans. C: Epiphora SjOgren's syndrome (also known as ""Mikulicz disease"" and ""Sicca syndrome"", is a systemic autoimmune disease in which immune cells attack and destroy the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva SjOgren's syndrome can exist as a disorder in its own right (Primary Sjogren's syndrome) or it may develop years after the onset of an associated rheumatic disorder such as rheumatoid ahritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, primary biliary cirrhosis etc. (Secondary SjOgren's syndrome)
","
Regarding Sjogren's syndrome, all are true except: September 2010?
A. Keratoconjuctivitis sicca
B. Rheumatoid ahritis
C. Epiphora
D. Autoimmune in nature
Answer: C. Epiphora
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Name of mumps vaccine is?
a)Jeryl Lynn
b)Edmonshon Zagreb
c)Schwatz
d)Moraten
Answer:a, Jeryl Lynn
Widely used live attenuated mumps vaccine include the jeryl Lynn, RIT 4385, Leningrad-3, L-Zagreb and Urable strains. The current mumps strain (jeryl Lynn) has the lowest associated incidence of post-vaccine aseptic meningitis.
","
Name of mumps vaccine is?
A. Jeryl Lynn
B. Edmonshon Zagreb
C. Schwatz
D. Moraten
Answer: A. Jeryl Lynn
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
The final sugars in intestinal chyme are?
1 Glucose and fructose
2 Ribose and mannose
3 Ribose and xylulose
4 Xylulose and fructose
Answer: Glucose and fructose
","
The final sugars in intestinal chyme are?
A. Glucose and fructose
B. Ribose and mannose
C. Ribose and xylulose
D. Xylulose and fructose
Answer: A. Glucose and fructose
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Type of collagen maximum in skin:?
a - Type I
b - Type II
c - Type III
d - Type IV
Answer: Type I
","
Type of collagen maximum in skin:?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
Answer: A. Type I
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
HHH syndrome is due to defect in ? a,Tryptophan metabolism
bHistidine transpoer,c.Branched chain AA metabolism,d. Ornithine transpoer
Answer: d, Ornithine transpoer
","
HHH syndrome is due to defect in ?
A. Tryptophan metabolism
B. Histidine transpoer
C. Branched chain AA metabolism
D. Ornithine transpoer
Answer: D. Ornithine transpoer
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Bilirubin is the degradation product of? a,Albumin
bGlobulin,c.Heme,d. Transferrin
Answer: c, Heme
","
Bilirubin is the degradation product of?
A. Albumin
B. Globulin
C. Heme
D. Transferrin
Answer: C. Heme
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
A 40-year-old intravenous drug user presents to the emergency depament with a 2 days history of right knee pain with associated swelling and erythema. The patient is febrile with a holosystolic murmur at the right lower sternal border. Complete blood count reveals leukocytosis. Blood and synol fluid cultures are sent, and broad-spectrum antibiotics are staed. Synol fluid analysis is pending. What is the most likely pathogen causing these symptoms? Neisseria gonorrhoeae Pseudomonas aeruginosa Borrelia burgdorferi Staphylococcus aureus
Answer: D, Staphylococcus aureus
","
A 40-year-old intravenous drug user presents to the emergency depament with a 2 days history of right knee pain with associated swelling and erythema. The patient is febrile with a holosystolic murmur at the right lower sternal border. Complete blood count reveals leukocytosis. Blood and synol fluid cultures are sent, and broad-spectrum antibiotics are staed. Synol fluid analysis is pending. What is the most likely pathogen causing these symptoms?
A. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
B. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
C. Borrelia burgdorferi
D. Staphylococcus aureus
Answer: D. Staphylococcus aureus
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
When a person changes position from standing to lying down, following change is seen?
a-Hea rate increases
b-Venous return to hea increases immediately
c-Cerebral blood flow increases
d-Blood flow at apices of lung decreases
Answer:b, Venous return to hea increases immediately
","
When a person changes position from standing to lying down, following change is seen?
A. Hea rate increases
B. Venous return to hea increases immediately
C. Cerebral blood flow increases
D. Blood flow at apices of lung decreases
Answer: B. Venous return to hea increases immediately
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
In a chronic alcoholic, all the following may be seen in the liver except?
a-Fatty degeneration
b-Chronic hepatitis
c-Granuloma formation
d-Cholestatic hepatitis
Answer:c, Granuloma formation
","
In a chronic alcoholic, all the following may be seen in the liver except?
A. Fatty degeneration
B. Chronic hepatitis
C. Granuloma formation
D. Cholestatic hepatitis
Answer: C. Granuloma formation
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Which of the following drug is a long acting beta–2 agonist ?
A)Albuterol
B)Salmeterol
C)Pirbuterol
D)Orciprenaline
Answer:B, Salmeterol
","
Which of the following drug is a long acting beta–2 agonist ?
A. Albuterol
B. Salmeterol
C. Pirbuterol
D. Orciprenaline
Answer: B. Salmeterol
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
CAGE questionnaire is used in:AP 07; MP 09; NEET 13?
a-Alcohol dependence
b-Opiate poisoning
c-Dhatura poisoning
d-Barbiturate poisoning
Answer:a, Alcohol dependence
","
CAGE questionnaire is used in:AP 07; MP 09; NEET 13?
A. Alcohol dependence
B. Opiate poisoning
C. Dhatura poisoning
D. Barbiturate poisoning
Answer: A. Alcohol dependence
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
A 26 years old G2P1L1 at 10 weeks complains of pain abdomen and bleeding per vaginum. On examination products of conception are seen paially extruding through the cervix. What is your diagnosis?
1 Inevitable aboion
2 Threatened aboion
3 Complete aboion
4 Incomplete aboion
Answer:4- Incomplete aboion
","
A 26 years old G2P1L1 at 10 weeks complains of pain abdomen and bleeding per vaginum. On examination products of conception are seen paially extruding through the cervix. What is your diagnosis?
A. Inevitable aboion
B. Threatened aboion
C. Complete aboion
D. Incomplete aboion
Answer: D. Incomplete aboion
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Measles is infective for?
A)One day before and 4 days after rash
B)Four days before and five days after rash
C)Entire incubation period
D)Only during scabs falling
Answer:B, Four days before and five days after rash
","
Measles is infective for?
A. One day before and 4 days after rash
B. Four days before and five days after rash
C. Entire incubation period
D. Only during scabs falling
Answer: B. Four days before and five days after rash
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Chemoprophylaxis is indicated for all except?
A.Typhoid
B.Meningococcal meningitis
C.Cholera
D.Plague
Answer:A. Typhoid
","
Chemoprophylaxis is indicated for all except?
A. Typhoid
B. Meningococcal meningitis
C. Cholera
D. Plague
Answer: A. Typhoid
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### Question:
All the following are radiological features of Chronic Cor pulmonale except? Kerley B lines Prominent lower lobe vessels Pleural effusion Cardiomegaly
Answer: B, Prominent lower lobe vessels
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All the following are radiological features of Chronic Cor pulmonale except?
A. Kerley B lines
B. Prominent lower lobe vessels
C. Pleural effusion
D. Cardiomegaly
Answer: B. Prominent lower lobe vessels
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy are?
a)Amyloid
b)Sarcoidosis
c)Storage disease
d)All of the above
Answer:d, All of the above
Restrictive cardiomyopathy is characterised by a primary decrease in ventricular compliance , resulting in impaired ventricular filling during diastole. Restrictive cardiomyopathy can be idiopathic or associated with systemic disease that also happen to affect the myocardium for example radiation fibrosis, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, or products of inborn errors of metabolism Robbins 9 th edition page no. 401
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Causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy are?
A. Amyloid
B. Sarcoidosis
C. Storage disease
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
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### Question:
Buerger waves (alpha waves) of EEG have the rhythm per sec of?
a-0-4
b-7-Apr
c-13-Aug
d-13-30
Answer:c, 13-Aug
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Buerger waves (alpha waves) of EEG have the rhythm per sec of?
A. 0-4
B. 7-Apr
C. 13-Aug
D. 13-30
Answer: C. 13-Aug
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### Question:
The nurse uses the Situation-Background-Assessment Recommendation (SBAR) format to communicate a change in patient status to a health care provider. In which order should the nurse make the following statements?
a. The patient needs to be evaluated immediately and may need intubation and mechanical ventilation.
b. The patient was admitted yesterday with heart failure and has been receiving furosemide (Lasix) for diuresis, but urine output has been low.
c. The patient has crackles audible throughout the posterior chest and the most recent oxygen saturation is 89%. Her condition is very unstable.
d. This is the nurse on the surgical unit. After assessing the patient, I am very concerned about increased shortness of breath over the past hour.
Answer: d, b, c, a
Rationale:
The order of the nurse's statements follows the SBAR format.
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The nurse uses the Situation-Background-Assessment Recommendation (SBAR) format to communicate a change in patient status to a health care provider. In which order should the nurse make the following statements?
A. The patient needs to be evaluated immediately and may need intubation and mechanical ventilation.
B. The patient was admitted yesterday with heart failure and has been receiving furosemide (Lasix) for diuresis, but urine output has been low.
C. The patient has crackles audible throughout the posterior chest and the most recent oxygen saturation is 89%. Her condition is very unstable.
D. This is the nurse on the surgical unit. After assessing the patient, I am very concerned about increased shortness of breath over the past hour.
Answer: d, b, c, a
D. This is the nurse on the surgical unit. After assessing the patient, I am very concerned about increased shortness of breath over the past hour.
B. The patient was admitted yesterday with heart failure and has been receiving furosemide (Lasix) for diuresis, but urine output has been low.
C. The patient has crackles audible throughout the posterior chest and the most recent oxygen saturation is 89%. Her condition is very unstable.
A. The patient needs to be evaluated immediately and may need intubation and mechanical ventilation.
"
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### Question:
-Age of gestation when ovaries and testis are first distinguishable?
-4 weeks
-8 weeks
-12 weeks
-16 weeks
Answer: b
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Age of gestation when ovaries and testis are first distinguishable?
A. 4 weeks
B. 8 weeks
C. 12 weeks
D. 16 weeks
Answer: B. 8 weeks
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"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Anticoagulant of choice for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patient with cancer surgery is:?
1 Heparin sulfate
2 Protamine sulfate
3 Low molecular weight heparin
4 Warfarin
Answer: Low molecular weight heparin
Venous Thromboembolism- precipitating factor -estrogen in females PREVENTION OF Venous Thromboembolism AMONG HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS Condition Prophylaxis High risk non - ohopedic surgery Unfractionated heparin Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) Cancer surgery(associated thromboembolism ) LMWH Major ohopedic surgery Warfarin LMWH Aspirin Factor Xa inhibitors (Apixaban) Dabigatran Medically ill patients during hospitalization Unfractionated heparin LMWH Medically ill patients after hospitalization Betrixaban
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Anticoagulant of choice for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patient with cancer surgery is:?
A. Heparin sulfate
B. Protamine sulfate
C. Low molecular weight heparin
D. Warfarin
Answer: C. Low molecular weight heparin
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Depressor reflex, Bezold-Jarisch reflex, produced by the following stimulus?
1 Atrial overload
2 Myocardial infarction
3 Ventricular distension
4 Isotonic exercise
Answer:3- Ventricular distension
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Depressor reflex, Bezold-Jarisch reflex, produced by the following stimulus?
A. Atrial overload
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Ventricular distension
D. Isotonic exercise
Answer: C. Ventricular distension
"
"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
S2 is best appreciated in?
A.3rd left intercostal space
B.2nd right intercostal space
C.4th left intercostal space
D.5th left intercostal space
Answer:A. 3rd left intercostal space
Ans. is 'a' i.e., 3rd left intercostal space o Best areas to auscultate for both components of the second heart sound (A2 and P2) are either the left sternal border at the level of second intercostal space (Pulmonic area) or the left sternal border at the level of third intercostal space (Erb s point).
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S2 is best appreciated in?
A. 3rd left intercostal space
B. 2nd right intercostal space
C. 4th left intercostal space
D. 5th left intercostal space
Answer: A. 3rd left intercostal space
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"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
True for Bochdalek hernia?
1 Commonly occurs on the right side
2 Congenital disorder
3 Anterior position
4 Breathing difficulty in newborns from day 2-3
Answer: Congenital disorder
Ans. B. Congenital disorderBochdalek hernia is the other name for congenital diaphragmatic hernia. It is a posterior (and not anterior) congenital defect of the diaphragm and is primarily due to lack of closure of the pleuroperitoneal cavity between the eighth and tenth week of embryonic life. Majority of cases occur on the left side. Affected newborns frequently present with breathing difficulty, particularly within the first few hours of life.
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True for Bochdalek hernia?
A. Commonly occurs on the right side
B. Congenital disorder
C. Anterior position
D. Breathing difficulty in newborns from day 2-3
Answer: B. Congenital disorder
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"Below is an improperly formatted question. Your task is to transform each question and its options into a well-organized format.
### Question:
Magistrate inquest not needed in: JIPMER 14?
A.Homicide
B.Exhumation
C.Police custody death
D.Dowry death
Answer:A. Homicide
Ans. Homicide
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Magistrate inquest not needed in: JIPMER 14?
A. Homicide
B. Exhumation
C. Police custody death
D. Dowry death
Answer: A. Homicide
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