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Richland Center, WI
National DNC election candidate-Luke Fuszard
For the past twelve months, Luke has been the Chair of the Young Democrats of Wisconsin. Prior to 2016, Wisconsin was one of five states without a Young Democrats presence. Today, there are over 300 Young Dems all across the Badger State, nearly half of whom were brand new to our party.
Luke is currently running for the open spot on the Democratic National Committee. With Jason Rae’s election as DNC Secretary, that opens up one of the male spots on the DNC. The election on Saturday, June 3 will be to fill the remainder of his term which runs through the middle of 2020.
Luke’s priorities for the DNC are simple. They’re the “Three C’s” – Communication, Collaboration and County Parties.
1. Communication – Luke commits to always keeping Wisconsin Democrats up to date on when the DNC will be meeting, what will be covered, and the outcome of any discussion. Even more importantly, Luke commits to keeping the DNC up to date on what’s top of mind with Wisconsin Democrats.
2. Collaboration – Luke commits to working with Indivisible groups, Our Wisconsin Revolution, and other grassroots organizations because we’re all part of the same progressive family.
3. County Parties – Luke commits to getting the DNC to invest more in growing county parties, including the creation of a Rural County Chairs Association which will share best practices and serve as a direct line between county party chairs in rural areas across America and the DNC.
Our Location
Please note that the links, contained in each "Resources" section will take you outside of the Richland Center Democrats website. The RC-dems.com does not control the content of, nor make any endorsement of any content that you find, on these web sites. Links presented here for informational purposes only. | 2024-07-18T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/2919 |
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Tag Archives: Guy Gardner
Ever Wonder How … … they did the special effects for last summer’s “Green Lantern” flick? The good folks at Comic Book Movie have an exclusive clip of the features on the soon-to-be released Blu-ray DVD that should sate your … Continue reading → | 2024-01-25T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/3296 |
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention pertains to a dynamically walking humanoid robot. More specifically, the present invention is directed to method for controlling a humanoid robot in a walking state, a standing state, and during transitions between states.
2. Description of the Related Art
Humanoid Robots have many potential applications in many different fields. They have the potential to do tasks that are dull, dangerous, or dirty for humans. They also have started to play a role in the entertainment, advertising, and hobby industries.
Various humanoid robots, and their associated control algorithms, have been developed to various degrees of proficiency. Some humanoid robots are capable of walking, running, going up stairs, and manipulating objects.
However, most humanoid robots lack a sufficient degree of balance to be useful in real world environments, particularly environments in which footholds are limited and disturbances are prevalent. The lack of balance and disturbance recovery provided by current humanoid robot platforms has greatly limited their widespread use.
Some of the current humanoid robots include the Honda Asimo robot, the Toyota partner robot, the Hubo robot, the Sarcos humanoid, and the Boston Dynamics Petman Robot. Most of these robots have not demonstrated walking that is robust to disturbances, such as pushes, nor have demonstrated walking with limited available footholds, such as over stepping stones. None of them have demonstrated walking with limited available footholds in the presence of disturbances.
FIG. 3 depicts a representative bipedal robot that is useful when considering the complexity of controlled bipedal motion. Body 32 is joined to thighs 55, 56 by a pair of powered hip joints 61, 62. Although the hip joints primarily pivot in the swing plane of the legs, they may have other degrees of freedom as well.
Thighs 55, 56 are joined to lower legs 57, 58 by a pair of powered knee joints 71, 72. Feet 54, 55 are joined to lower legs 57, 58 by a pair of powered ankle joints 57, 58. The powered ankle joints have multiple degrees of freedom, typically including roll and pitch. Each foot provides a platform from which an ankle joint can apply torque to a lower leg.
The control of a system such as shown in FIG. 3 is an extraordinarily complex problem. The prior art has generally focused on increasing the sophistication of the sensor and actuation technology used. Such systems seek to know the current state of each limb and joint—monitoring multiple degrees of freedom. The control systems then traditionally use a trajectory tracking approach of calculating and driving a desired position for each component in the multi-limbed system.
This approach is not very robust to variations (and errors) in the sensors and actuators, or when a large disturbance is introduced. It is apparent that human beings do not control motion with extremely high precision and likely do not employ a trajectory tracking approach. Human motion seems to be inherently based on a less precise, and more compliant control system. Yet, human beings are able to move successfully in a wide variety of circumstances. We are resistant to disturbing forces and able to “solve” the balance problem even when the conditions change drastically in mid-stride.
FIG. 1 illustrates standing human 22. The goal of the standing human is to maintain a balanced stance. If a mild disturbance is introduced—such as a gentle lateral shove—the person will be able to maintain a balanced stance without moving the feet. However, if a larger lateral shove is applied, the person will have to take one or more steps in order to prevent a fall.
The concept of “viability” has application to this scenario. If preventing a fall is the goal, then any state from which a fall can be prevented is a viable state. In some states the person can take a single step to regain a balanced stance. For a more severe disturbance the person will have to take two steps to regain a static and balanced stance. The first of these two steps cannot produce a balanced state but it is a “viable” state since it leads to a second step which will produce a balanced state.
The left side of FIG. 1 graphically depicts several possible capture regions 26. The region labeled “N=1” is the area in which the user can take a single step and obtain a static and balanced stance. The region labeled “N=2” is the region in which it is possible for the user to step and then obtain a balanced state in two total steps. The region labeled “N=3” is the region in which it is possible to take a step and then obtain a balanced state in three total steps.
The right side of FIG. 1 depicts the same scenario for a person in a running state. Running human 24 has a center of mass 84 which is moving in the direction indicated by the arrow. The one-step capture region lies well in front of the present position. This fact is intuitively true as all people understand that if one is running and one wishes to take a single step and then come to a balanced halt over that step, one must make that step well in front of the present position.
The present invention presents a novel approach to controlling bipedal motion in which robust control is demonstrated using a relatively small amount of input information. Several factors are combined to define a known region in which motion or balance is viable. FIG. 2 shows a very simplified depiction of this objective. In FIG. 2, a one step capture region 26 has been superimposed on areas that are available for stepping (in this case stepping stones 40). Those portions of the stepping stones lying within capture region 26 represent viable options and those lying outside do not. The invention uses some basic assumptions about the nature of bipedal motion to simplify the task of determining viable options for continued balance. | 2024-03-27T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/9434 |
Idiotypic cascades after injection of the monoclonal antibody OC125. A study in a mouse model.
In an animal model, we evaluated the possibility to induce antibodies directed against the tumor-associated antigen CA125 by immunization with the anti-CA125 antibody OC125 via activation of the idiotypic network. Our results show that Balb/c mice, immunized by repeated administrations of F(ab')2-fragments of the OC125 antibody (Ab1), produced anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2). The binding of these antibodies to the OC125 could be completely inhibited by the antigen CA125, suggesting that the anti-idiotypic antibodies imitate the original target antigen of the OC125. After induction of these paratope-binding anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2 beta), a murine IgG-anti-CA125 (Ab3) response arose in the same mice. The induction of idiotypic cascades offers the possibility of immunization against tumor-associated antigens without using the original antigen and breaking antitumor tolerance. | 2023-12-31T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/9256 |
11 Types of Wildlife to See in Jasper National Park
on Thursday, 07 June 2012.
Elk, Bears, Deer and many more
Jasper National Park is home to an incredibly diverse mix of wildlife. Animals and birds can be seen year-round, although some species have specific sleep patterns or migration routes that make them easier to spot at certain times of year. While the unique wildlife in the Jasper and Hinton area is fascinating to watch, some of the animals are susceptible to human disturbance, and others can be very dangerous. It is important to be aware of the different types of animals in the park, and how to respond when you encounter them.
Small Mammals
1. Beavers
Beavers are a common sight in Jasper, especially along the rivers and lakes where they like to build dams. The William A. Switzer Provincial Parkhas an interesting canoe route where you can cross beaver dams. In addition, the aptly named Beaver Dam Trail is another good beaver sighting spot. You can start the trail at the Overlander Mountain Lodge, and follow it all the way down to the beaver dams, where there is a lovely picnic spot.
2. Hoary Marmots
Hoary marmots can be seen on many Jasper hiking trails during the summer. These large ground squirrels have brownish black fur, with silver patches on their backs. They are distinctive because of the sharp whistling sound they make to alert others of danger. People often see these creatures from the Jasper gondola.
3. Porcupines
These spiny creatures are abundant throughout Jasper National Park. They like to eat leaves, herbs, and grass, and will also seek salty treats such as mineral-rich plants, and even clothing, footwear, backpacks, and tools that have a layer of salty sweat on them.
Other small mammals in Jasper include ground squirrels, pikas, rabbits, bats, and shrews.
Mammals in the Deer Family
4. Elk
Elk are the most common of all the hooved animals in Jasper National Park. You can spot them on hiking trails, roads, and even outside your cabin, lodge, or accommodation, munching on plants. The best place to spot them is on the elk rut along Athabasca River in September. Elks can be very dangerous, as they can attack people with their hooves and antlers. Be sure to stay clear of elk, especially if they have young with them.
5. Deer
Jasper has a large number of mule deer and white-tailed deer. The best places to spot deer are in the Maligne Valley and along Snaring Road. Be careful not to confuse these small, timid creatures with their more aggressive cousins, the elk.
6. Moose
The moose is a majestic creature that towers over the other members of the deer family. Unfortunately, moose numbers are dropping in Jasper, so sightings are not as common as they used to be. However, people sometimes spot moose in the Pocahontas Wetlands, the Icefields Parkway, and the Maligne Valley.
7. Woodland Caribou
Woodland caribou look like elk, but both the males and the females have antlers. These animals are getting harder and harder to find in Jasper National Park, but you may spot them in the winter time in the Maligne Valley or the Icefields Parkway.
Other hooved animals that you might spot in the park include mountain goats, bighorn sheep, and bison.
Carnivores and Omnivores
8.Wolves
Wolves are abundant in Jasper, although they prefer to travel in areas away from human habitation. This means they are hard to spot. However, wolf packs have been seen in the Maligne Valley and the Valley of Five Lakes.
9. Coyotes
Coyotes are very common all across Alberta, and they will often scavenge for food around roadways, cities, and towns, as well as out in the wilderness. They look like dogs, with a grey or brown coat, a long muzzle, and pointy ears.
10. Bears
Jasper is home to both black bears and grizzly bears. Black bears like to spend the summers in low-lying valleys, foraging for food. They will eat anything, so it is important not to leave food lying around in campsites. Grizzly bears prefer to forage at higher altitudes, and they are extremely dangerous if approached. Visitors can see both types of bears in the Icefields Parkway, however it is important to keep a safe distance from any bear.
11. Birds
There are over 300 species of birds in Jasper National Park, including geese, ptarmigan, owls, loons, ducks, pelicans, bald eagles, woodpeckers, hawks, and swallows. Rare sightings include the burrowing owl, the white-throated swift, and the scissor-tailed flycatcher. The Cottonwood Sough on Pyramid Lake Road is a particularly good place to birdwatch.
Tips for Wildlife Viewing in Jasper and the Overlander
Travelers may come across wildlife in Jasper and the Overlander at any time of day, and in every season. However, the best time to see animals is during the spring and fall, when there is more food available for the animals to eat, and it is not too hot or cold. In addition, early risers will have the best opportunities to see animals hunting and foraging. The following are some safety tips for wildlife viewing:
Never feed or touch the wildlife. This is illegal in national parks in Canada.
Keep your distance. With carnivores and bears, you should stay at least 100 metres away, while 30-40 metres is a good distance to keep between elks and moose.
Do not leave food or toiletries lying around campsites. This includes empty cans, bottles and packages, toothpaste, dishes, and leftover scraps.
If an animal approaches you, do not make sudden movements, run away, or turn your back to it. Stay calm and alert. If it attacks, yell and fight back aggressively to try to scare it off.
Jasper National Park is one of the most diverse areas in North America to see wildlife in its natural state. As long as you follow some general safety precautions, you should be able to interact peacefully with the animals and birds here and enjoy their presence.
The Overlander Mountain Lodge is an ideal spot to base yourself wildlife viewing, as it is situated at the edge of the Jasper National Park, close to both of these amazing golf courses. The Overlander offers a unique mountain log lodge experience, with award winning gourmet dining, friendly and attentive service, and comfortable and relaxing accommodation. | 2023-12-28T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/1921 |
Acanthomanzamines A-E with new manzamine frameworks from the marine sponge Acanthostrongylophora ingens.
Five new manzamine alkaloids, acanthomanzamines A-E, were isolated from the marine sponge Acanthostrongylophora ingens. Acanthomanzamines A and B are the first examples, containing a tetrahydroisoquinoline instead of a β-carboline in manzamine-related alkaloids. Acanthomanzamine C contains a hexahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrol-4(2H)-one ring that may be converted from an eight-membered ring in manzamine A. Acanthomanzamines D and E have an additional oxazolidine and 2-methyloxazolidine rings, respectively, which fuse to the manzamine skeleton. | 2024-05-30T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/8238 |
It has been known that when an AgX emulsion which contains tabular grains having a large aspect ratio (diameter/thickness) is coated on a support and used as a photographic material, in particular, when the tabular grain emulsion is used in an upper layer, scattering of light to a lower layer is reduced and the sharpness can be improved. Further, it has been known that a large amount of spectral sensitizing dyes can be adsorbed because the tabular grains have a larger surface/volume ratio, and a light absorption factor and a sensitivity granularity ratio are improved. Accordingly, the tabular grains have conventionally been used in various photographic materials. However, there is a harmful effect such that when the tabular grains are produced by conventional methods, the higher the aspect ratio, the higher becomes the degree of polydispersion, therefore, an optimal chemical sensitization cannot be carried out.
Various technical examinations have been made with a view to improving this drawback. For example, techniques for monodispersion of tabular grains are disclosed in JP-A-52-153428 (the term "JP-A" as used herein means an "unexamined published Japanese patent application"), JP-A-55-142329 and JP-A-61-112142, but these techniques are insufficient in the effect of monodispersion.
Moreover, there are disclosed in JP-A-63-151618, JP-A-1-158426 and JP-A-2-838 that monodisperse tabular emulsions can be obtained by using low molecular weight gelatin at the time of nucleus generation.
In addition, methods for producing monodisperse tabular grains in the presence of a polyalkylene oxide block copolymer at the time of nucleation are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,147,771, 5,171,659, 5,147,772 and 5,147,773. A monodisperse tabular grain emulsion having a variation coefficient of 10% or less is disclosed in EP-A-514742. However, the above polyalkylene oxide block copolymers are used in the execution of the working examples of this patent.
It was confirmed that monodisperse tabular grains could certainly be produced by the techniques as disclosed in the above patents, but the monodispersibilities of these grain size distributions were not sufficient, in particular, the graininess was not satisfactory.
Further, when the halide composition of a silver halide emulsion is not uniform, for example, silver iodobromide or silver chloroiodobromide is used, even if the shape of the grains is monodisperse tabular grains as above, that alone will not necessarily be sufficiently effective to increase high contrast of gradation and to reduce unevenness of chemical sensitization among grains as expected above and further improvements of gradation, development progressing capability, pressure capability and preservability have been desired. | 2024-05-30T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/8515 |
The non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone prevents cardiac fibrotic remodeling.
Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) overactivation promotes cardiac fibrosis. We studied the ability of the non-steroidal MR antagonist finerenone to prevent fibrotic remodeling. In neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts, finerenone prevented aldosterone-induced nuclear MR translocation. Treatment with finerenone decreased the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) (74 ± 15% of control, p = 0.005) and prevented aldosterone-induced upregulation of CTGF and lysyl oxidase (LOX) completely. Finerenone attenuated the upregulation of transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß), which was induced by the Rac1 GTPase activator l-buthionine sulfoximine. Transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of Rac1 (RacET) showed increased left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic (63.7 ± 8.0 vs. 93.8 ± 25.6 µl, p = 0.027) and end-systolic (28.0 ± 4.0 vs. 49.5 ± 16.7 µl, p = 0.014) volumes compared to wild-type FVBN control mice. Treatment of RacET mice with 100 ppm finerenone over 5 months prevented LV dilatation. Systolic and diastolic LV function did not differ between the three groups. RacET mice exhibited overactivation of MR and 11ß hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2. Both effects were reduced by finerenone (reduction about 36%, p = 0.030, and 40%, p = 0.032, respectively). RacET mice demonstrated overexpression of TGF-ß, CTGF, LOX, osteopontin as well as collagen and myocardial fibrosis in the left ventricle. In contrast, expression of these parameters did not differ between finerenone-treated RacET and control mice. Finerenone prevented left atrial dilatation (6.4 ± 1.5 vs. 4.7 ± 1.4 mg, p = 0.004) and left atrial fibrosis (17.8 ± 3.1 vs. 12.8 ± 3.1%, p = 0.046) compared to vehicle-treated RacET mice. In summary, finerenone prevented from MR-mediated structural remodeling in cardiac fibroblasts and in RacET mice. These data demonstrate anti-fibrotic myocardial effects of finerenone. | 2023-09-07T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/2040 |
News Releases
Among patients with depression, the presence of symptoms associated with bipolar disorder does not appear to be associated with treatment resistance, according to a study from MGH investigators. However, many patients with depression also report psychotic-like symptoms, such as hearing voices or believing they are being spied on or plotted against, and those patients are less likely to respond to treatment.
Psychotic-like symptoms associated with poor outcomes in patients with depression
Among patients with depression, the presence of many aspects of illness which may be associated with bipolar disorder does not appear to be associated with treatment resistance—evidence against the common hypothesis that some cases of difficult-to-treat depression are actually unrecognized bipolar disorder, according to a report posted online today that will appear in the April 2011 print issue of Archives of General Psychiatry, one of the JAMA/Archives journals. However, many patients with depression also report psychotic-like symptoms, such as hearing voices or believing they are being spied on or plotted against, and those who do are less likely to respond to treatment. | 2023-12-15T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/2536 |
ALTER TABLE `remote`
DROP FOREIGN KEY remote_ibfk_1;
ALTER TABLE records MODIFY `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT;
ALTER TABLE remote MODIFY record BIGINT;
ALTER TABLE `remote`
ADD CONSTRAINT remote_ibfk_1 FOREIGN KEY(record) REFERENCES `records`(id);
UPDATE options SET value=7 WHERE name='schema_version';
| 2024-04-19T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/7223 |
Using the latest in grip technology and molding techniques, ProTaper’s Clamp-On Grip System offers the comfort and control of traditional grips with the added advantage of quick, effortless installation. The design eliminates the need for glue and safety wire, yet ensures durable, slip-free performance.
ProTaper’s exclusive, super-slim clutch-side Windowed Core not only minimizes the outer grip diameter, but also delivers critical relief areas for the palm and fingertips. The result is increased impact and vibration damping over competing solid-core designs, leading to significantly improved rider comfort and control.
The grip surface utilizes an extra-supple, tacky compound that is seamlessly molded to the inner core. This provides maximum comfort and traction and alleviates blistering. A firmer compound is used in the flange and endcap areas to resist crash damage and reduce wear.
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Call it what it is, Quanell
I know you have been busy with TV and radio interviews, and rallies and town halls in Cleveland, Texas, talking about injustice, but I have to question your … focus.
I’m talking about an 11-year-old Latina who was gang-raped, allegedly by as many as 28 juveniles and men. At a televised rally, your reaction is, “It was not the young girl that yelled rape. Stop right there – something is wrong, brothers and sisters.” (And the crowd cheers.)
Nineteen men, who happen to be black, have been arrested, and all you can say is, “Do you mean to tell me that there is no other race of men in Cleveland that slept with that child, that the black men are so psychologically and morally depraved, with a loss of a moral sense of shame, that they are the only ones who touched her?” (And the crowd cheers.)
The police reported the attacks were captured on video, and you keep asking, “Where’s the girl’s mother?” “I want to know why nobody has asked, ‘Where is your mother and father?’ It looks like the KKK is leading the investigation.” (And the crowd cheers.)
At one of the televised rallies, you tell the parents of the accused, in a ceremonious tone, “You stand by your child …” (and the crowd cheers) and then you pass a hat to raise funds for their legal defense fund.
For his part, defense attorney James D. Evans III has told the press that the victim “wants to be a porn star,” and that “this is not a case of a child who was enslaved or taken advantage of.” Say again??
You, and the defense, and those who chime in to blame the victim make me sad. Very sad.
Republican Florida state Rep. Kathleen Passidomo takes the cake. While discussing legislation mandating school uniforms, she comes up with this: “There was an article about an 11-year-old girl who was gang-raped in Texas by 18 young men because she was dressed like a 21-year-old prostitute.”
Passidomo then adds, “Her parents let her attend school like that…. I think it’s incumbent upon us to create some areas where students can be safe in school and show up in proper attire so what happened in Texas doesn’t happen to our students.”
Portraying the accused as “victims” of the young girl’s “temptation” or of the system doesn’t address the problem. You, Quanell, for your part, also blame the elders for not watching the “kids.” Some of the accused are 26 and 27, señor.
I’ll give you credit for saying that all “the brothers” who “slept” with the girl must be held accountable. But it seems the emphasis here is in making sure non-black men are charged with the crime as well – instead of accountability. And for the record, it’s called rape.
Here’s the irony: April is Sexual Assault Awareness Month, and the theme for this year’s awareness campaign is “It’s time … to get involved,” a message to engage bystanders in sexual violence prevention.
I’ve not heard you question, “Why didn’t any of ‘the brothers’ speak up?” “Why didn’t any of them stop the rape?” As if the participants were hijacked by their phalli.
Your words, along with those who insist on blaming the victim, speak very loud and clear. You shed new light on what it means to be morally bankrupt.
Qué lástima.
Dear readers, please share this with your hermanos. Learn how you can help prevent sexual assault and protect your hermanas at nsvrc.org/saam, the online National Sexual Violence Resource Center (NSVRC). | 2023-08-04T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/3368 |
Prophylactic effect of monensin sodium against experimentally induced paratuberculosis in mice.
Monensin sodium (0, 15, or 30 mg/kg of complete feed) was fed ad libitum for 1 week to female mice (strain C57BL6/J) that were genetically susceptible to infection with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Ten mice in each of the 3 groups were inoculated intraperitoneally with M paratuberculosis (10(9) organisms). Sterile saline solution was injected intraperitoneally into 10 other mice in each group. Rations were continued for 50 days, then mice were euthanatized, and body weight, splenic weight, and hepatic weight for each mouse were recorded. Ratios of body weight to splenic weight and of body weight to hepatic weight were calculated for each mouse. Hepatic granulomas in 50 light microscopic fields were counted, and presence of acid-fast organisms in those granulomas was recorded. Infected mice given monensin had higher body weight and fewer hepatic granulomas than did mice not given monensin. Although hepatic granulomas were fewer in these mice, they contained acid-fast organisms. Effects of 15 mg of monensin and those of 30 mg of monensin/kg of complete feed were not different. | 2023-10-26T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/6579 |
Q:
How to Chef things that don't exist yet
Let us say I have some Chef code like:
require 'mixlib/shellout'
yum_package 'somepackage'
myvar = Mixlib::ShellOut.new('/bin/somecommand').run_command.stdout.strip
Where /bin/somecommand does not exist yet because it is installed by somepackage. This will fail at recipe compile time for that reason, but will obviously work at convergence time providing the package installs successfully (and if it doesn't then obviously the recipe has failed anyway). This also fails if the package is installed be a previous recipe in the runlist since they are all compiled together upfront. How do I include things in a Chef recipe that that recipe or runlist installs itself?
A:
I'd go with node.run_state to store a transient variable in a run and define it in a ruby_block so it happens at converge time, something like this:
yum_package 'somepackage'
ruby_block 'set myvar' do
block do
node.run_state['my_var'] = Mixlib::ShellOut.new('/bin/somecommand').run_command.stdout.strip
end
end
As far as I know requiring 'mixlib/shellout' is not necessary.
| 2024-03-03T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/7860 |
Focusing on the Traditional Benedictine Office in accordance with the 1963 Benedictine calendar and rubrics, including the Farnborough edition of the Monastic Diurnal.
Lectio notes: John 10: 19-42
Today's section of Chapter 10 of St John's Gospel concludes the good shepherd narrative, with the declaration by Jesus that those rejecting his message are not his sheep - and their murderous response.
Read
The New Advent page for John 10 can be found here; the Douay-Rheims translation here. You can hear the Latin read aloud here (from 2.15) and the Greek here.
[19] A dissension rose again among the Jews for these words. [20] And many of them said: He hath a devil, and is mad: why hear you him?[21] Others said: These are not the words of one that hath a devil: Can a devil open the eyes of the blind? [22] And it was the feast of the dedication at Jerusalem: and it was winter. [23] And Jesus walked in the temple, in Solomon' s porch. [24] The Jews therefore came round about him, and said to him: How long dost thou hold our souls in suspense? If thou be the Christ, tell us plainly. [25] Jesus answered them: I speak to you, and you believe not: the works that I do in the name of my Father, they give testimony of me.[26] But you do not believe, because you are not of my sheep. [27] My sheep hear my voice: and I know them, and they follow me. [28] And I give them life everlasting; and they shall not perish for ever, and no man shall pluck them out of my hand. [29] That which my Father hath given me, is greater than all: and no one can snatch them out of the hand of my Father. [30] I and the Father are one. [31] The Jews then took up stones to stone him. [32] Jesus answered them: Many good works I have shewed you from my Father; for which of these works do you stone me? [33] The Jews answered him: For a good work we stone thee not, but for blasphemy; and because that thou, being a man, maketh thyself God. [34] Jesus answered them: Is it not written in your law: I said you are gods? [35] If he called them gods, to whom the word of God was spoken, and the scripture cannot be broken; [36] Do you say of him whom the Father hath sanctified and sent into the world: Thou blasphemest, because I said, I am the Son of God? [37] If I do not the works of my Father, believe me not. [38] But if I do, though you will not believe me, believe the works: that you may know and believe that the Father is in me, and I in the Father. [39] They sought therefore to take him; and he escaped out of their hands. [40] And he went again beyond the Jordan, into that place where John was baptizing first; and there he abode. [41] And many resorted to him, and they said: John indeed did no sign. [42] But all things whatsoever John said of this man, were true. And many believed in him.
Study
The setting:
AUG. And it was at Jerusalem the feast of the dedication. Encænia is the feast of the dedication of the temple; from the Greek word signifying new. The dedication of any thing new was called encænia.CHRYS. It was the feast of the dedication of the temple, after the return from the Babylonish captivity.ALCUIN. Or, it was in memory of the dedication under Judas Maccabeus. The first dedication was that of Solomon in the autumn; the second that of Zorobabel, and the priest Jesus in the spring. This was in winter time.BEDE. Judas Maccabeus instituted an annual commemoration of this dedication.THEOPHYL. The Evangelist mentions the time of winter, to show that it was near His passion. He suffered in the following spring; for which reason He took up His abode at Jerusalem.GREG. Or because the season of cold was in keeping with the cold malicious hearts of the Jews.CHRYS. Christ was present with much zeal at this feast, and thenceforth stayed in Judea; His passion being now at hand. And Jesus walked in the temple in Solomon's porch.
ALCUIN. It is called Solomon's porch, because Solomon went to pray there. The porches of a temple are usually named after the temple. If the Son of God walked in a temple where the flesh of brute animals was offered up, how much more will He delight to visit our house of prayer, in which His own flesh and blood are consecrated;
His listeners, with malicious intent, demand that he declare himself:
AUG. They wanted our Lord to say, I am the Christ. Perhaps, as they had human notions of the Messiah, having failed to discern His divinity in the Prophets they wanted Christ to confess Himself the Messiah, of the seed of David; that they might accuse Him of aspiring to the regal power.ALCUIN. And thus they intended to give Him into the hands of the Proconsul for punishment, as an usurper against the emperor. Our Lord so managed His reply as to stop the mouths of His calumniators, open those of the believers; and to those who inquired of Him as a man, reveal the mysteries of His divinity: Jesus answered them, I told you, and you believed not: the works that I do in My Father's name, they bear witness of Me.CHRYS. He reproves their malice, for pretending that a single word would convince them, whom so many words had not. If you do not believe My works, He says, how will you believe My words? And He adds why they do not believe: But you believe not, because you are not of My sheep.
Yet still Christ urges conversion:
THEOPHYL. After He had said, You are not of My sheep, He exhorts them to become such: My sheep hear My voice.ALCUIN. i.e. Obey My precepts from the heart. And I know them, and they follow Me, here by walking in gentleness and innocence, hereafter by entering the joys of eternal life.And I give to them eternal life.AUG. This is the pasture of which He spoke before And shall find pasture. Eternal life is called a goodly pasture: the grass thereof wither not, all is spread with verdure. But these cavilers thought only of this present life. And they shall not perish eternally; as if to say, you shall perish eternally, because you are not of My sheep.
The response to truth is often rage:
AUG. At this speech, I and My Father are one, the Jews could not restrain their rage, but ran to take up stones, after their hardhearted way: Then the Jews took up stones again to stone Him.HILARY. The heretics now, as unbelieving and rebellious against our Lord in heaven, show their impious hatred by the stones, i.e. the words they cast at Him; as if they would drag Him down again from His throne to the cross.THEOPHYL. Our Lord remonstrates with them; Many good works have I showed you from My Father, strewing that they had no just reason for their anger.ALCUIN. Healing of the sick, teaching, miracles. He showed them of the Father, because He sought His Father's glory in all of them. For which of these works do you stone Me? They confess, though reluctantly, the benefit they have received from Him, but charge Him at the same time with blasphemy, for asserting His equality with the Father;For a good work we stone you not, but for blasphemy; and because that You, being a man, make Yourself God.
Still, some see the light:
Mystically, Christ departs from Jerusalem, i.e. from the Jewish people; and goes to a place where are springs of water, i.e. to the Gentile Church, that has the waters of baptism. And many resort to Him, passing over the Jordan, i.e. through baptism. | 2023-12-26T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/2917 |
Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare, but potentially life threatening, diseases characterized by widespread epidermal necrosis, and are predominantly medication-induced. Unfortunately, though they are often associated with long-term debilitating sequelae, there are currently no efficacious pharmaceutical interventions proven through large clinical trials. It has been well established that the epidermal damage in these diseases is due to keratinocyte apoptosis. Although drug-specific T cells are implicated in this process, our understanding of the immunopathology is far from complete. The scenario suggested by today's literature points towards drug-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells utilizing perforin/granzyme B trigger keratinocyte apoptosis. Subsequently, there may be an expansion of apoptosis involving the interaction of either membrane-bound or soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) with its receptor Fas. The cellular source of sFasL remains controversial, with both peripheral lymphocytes and keratinocytes themselves as potential candidates. Cytokines produced by T lymphocytes, macrophages or keratinocytes may participate by activating keratinocytes and enhancing their expression of Fas and FasL, or by promoting the skin recruitment of lymphocytes by upregulating adhesion molecules. A better understanding of the underlying immunological mechanisms is required to identify appropriate therapeutic interventions. Finally, clinicians must remain vigilant about drug hypersensitivity to prevent SJS/TEN. | 2023-10-25T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/1668 |
Q:
Jasper Reports: using aggregate results in a calculation
I'm creating a summary report in Java using Jasper Reports where information on logs (trees) and their prices is displayed. I want to show the price per thousand board feet for each species. The calculation for this is: cost * 1000 / netFootage. The data is supplied as a list of JavaBeans.
Problem: the resulting price/MBF is not correct, as demonstrated by doing the math using the cost and netFootage shown below.
The only way around this that I've been able to come up with is performing the summary calculations outside of Jasper Reports, and that's a headache I'd rather not suffer if I don't have to.
Here is the report:
EDIT:
If I change from using the fields cost and netFootage to using the variables cost1 and netFootage1, I get this result, which is different... but still wrong.
This is the full inventory.jrxml file:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- Created with Jaspersoft Studio version 6.3.1.final using JasperReports Library version 6.3.1 -->
<!-- 2017-01-04T19:33:33 -->
<jasperReport xmlns="http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/xsd/jasperreport.xsd" name="ScaleSummary" pageWidth="612" pageHeight="792" columnWidth="555" leftMargin="20" rightMargin="20" topMargin="20" bottomMargin="20" uuid="099eaac8-9789-4d24-96ed-6a0a1a8abbbe">
<property name="com.jaspersoft.studio.data.defaultdataadapter" value="One Empty Record"/>
<parameter name="reportDate" class="java.lang.String" isForPrompting="false"/>
<queryString>
<![CDATA[]]>
</queryString>
<field name="species" class="java.lang.String"/>
<field name="netFootage" class="java.math.BigDecimal"/>
<field name="overheadCost" class="java.math.BigDecimal"/>
<field name="cost" class="java.math.BigDecimal"/>
<variable name="netFootage1" class="java.math.BigDecimal" resetType="Group" resetGroup="Species" calculation="Sum">
<variableExpression><![CDATA[$F{netFootage}]]></variableExpression>
</variable>
<variable name="species1" class="java.lang.Integer" resetType="Group" resetGroup="Species" calculation="Count">
<variableExpression><![CDATA[$F{species}]]></variableExpression>
</variable>
<variable name="priceRate1" class="java.math.BigDecimal" resetType="Group" resetGroup="Species">
<variableExpression><![CDATA[$F{cost}.multiply(new BigDecimal(1000)).divide( $F{netFootage} )]]></variableExpression>
</variable>
<variable name="cost1" class="java.math.BigDecimal" resetType="Group" resetGroup="Species" calculation="Sum">
<variableExpression><![CDATA[$F{cost}]]></variableExpression>
</variable>
<variable name="overhead1" class="java.math.BigDecimal" resetType="Group" resetGroup="Species" calculation="Sum">
<variableExpression><![CDATA[$F{overheadCost}]]></variableExpression>
</variable>
<variable name="lineTotal1" class="java.math.BigDecimal" resetType="Group" resetGroup="Species">
<variableExpression><![CDATA[$V{cost1}.add( $V{overhead1} )]]></variableExpression>
</variable>
<variable name="species2" class="java.lang.Integer" calculation="Count">
<variableExpression><![CDATA[$F{species}]]></variableExpression>
</variable>
<variable name="netFootage2" class="java.math.BigDecimal" calculation="Sum">
<variableExpression><![CDATA[$F{netFootage}]]></variableExpression>
</variable>
<variable name="priceRate2" class="java.math.BigDecimal">
<variableExpression><![CDATA[$F{cost}.multiply(new BigDecimal(1000)).divide( $F{netFootage} )]]></variableExpression>
</variable>
<variable name="overheadCost1" class="java.math.BigDecimal" calculation="Sum">
<variableExpression><![CDATA[$F{overheadCost}]]></variableExpression>
</variable>
<variable name="cost2" class="java.math.BigDecimal" calculation="Sum">
<variableExpression><![CDATA[$F{cost}]]></variableExpression>
</variable>
<variable name="lineTotal2" class="java.math.BigDecimal" calculation="Sum">
<variableExpression><![CDATA[$V{cost1}.add( $V{overhead1} )]]></variableExpression>
</variable>
<group name="Species">
<groupExpression><![CDATA[$F{species}]]></groupExpression>
<groupFooter>
<band height="15">
<textField isBlankWhenNull="true">
<reportElement x="0" y="0" width="100" height="15" printWhenGroupChanges="Species" uuid="1123bb45-40fd-4fc9-a5f1-2e976d1a3f99">
<property name="com.jaspersoft.studio.unit.height" value="pixel"/>
</reportElement>
<textFieldExpression><![CDATA[$F{species}]]></textFieldExpression>
</textField>
<textField>
<reportElement x="190" y="-1" width="70" height="15" uuid="b655bef4-dcf0-4e3a-818d-8383020f3e8c"/>
<textElement textAlignment="Right"/>
<textFieldExpression><![CDATA[$V{netFootage1}]]></textFieldExpression>
</textField>
<textField>
<reportElement x="110" y="0" width="80" height="15" printWhenGroupChanges="Species" uuid="db90f3b9-aca4-4ab5-97b0-48c9dfda815f"/>
<textElement textAlignment="Right"/>
<textFieldExpression><![CDATA[$V{species1}]]></textFieldExpression>
</textField>
<textField evaluationTime="Group" evaluationGroup="Species" pattern="¤#,##0.000;¤-#,##0.000" isBlankWhenNull="true">
<reportElement x="260" y="0" width="80" height="15" printWhenGroupChanges="Species" uuid="8188363f-3984-4b11-bfcf-c99cf65c8a61">
<property name="com.jaspersoft.studio.unit.height" value="pixel"/>
</reportElement>
<textElement textAlignment="Right"/>
<textFieldExpression><![CDATA[$V{priceRate1}]]></textFieldExpression>
</textField>
<textField evaluationTime="Group" evaluationGroup="Species" pattern="¤#,##0.##;¤-#,##0.##">
<reportElement x="340" y="0" width="80" height="15" uuid="8a707e2f-3e22-46d7-a833-f95a3538541c">
<property name="com.jaspersoft.studio.unit.y" value="pixel"/>
<property name="com.jaspersoft.studio.unit.height" value="pixel"/>
</reportElement>
<textElement textAlignment="Right"/>
<textFieldExpression><![CDATA[$V{cost1}]]></textFieldExpression>
</textField>
<textField pattern="¤#,##0.00;¤-#,##0.00">
<reportElement x="420" y="0" width="80" height="15" uuid="a345cd4e-32b5-4bd6-bb89-d3064bbe4042">
<property name="com.jaspersoft.studio.unit.height" value="pixel"/>
</reportElement>
<textElement textAlignment="Right"/>
<textFieldExpression><![CDATA[$V{overhead1}]]></textFieldExpression>
</textField>
<textField pattern="¤#,##0.00;¤-#,##0.00">
<reportElement x="500" y="0" width="70" height="15" uuid="5679a2ee-43dd-4e52-9915-0da8b2788cfc">
<property name="com.jaspersoft.studio.unit.height" value="pixel"/>
</reportElement>
<textElement textAlignment="Right"/>
<textFieldExpression><![CDATA[$V{lineTotal1}]]></textFieldExpression>
</textField>
</band>
</groupFooter>
</group>
<background>
<band splitType="Stretch"/>
</background>
<title>
<band height="95" splitType="Stretch">
<image hAlign="Center">
<reportElement x="0" y="-2" width="580" height="50" uuid="93bfff74-d6ee-4b94-a5b8-4db39f4515d5"/>
<imageExpression><![CDATA["images/title.png"]]></imageExpression>
</image>
<staticText>
<reportElement x="0" y="50" width="190" height="20" uuid="614fca9d-ef2c-4930-aa6b-0b4be9e88bea"/>
<textElement>
<font size="14" isBold="true"/>
</textElement>
<text><![CDATA[Current Inventory Report]]></text>
</staticText>
<textField isBlankWhenNull="true">
<reportElement x="445" y="80" width="125" height="15" uuid="2f423025-4158-42ad-b5bc-29aec3d63ee2"/>
<textFieldExpression><![CDATA[$P{reportDate}]]></textFieldExpression>
</textField>
<staticText>
<reportElement x="354" y="80" width="91" height="15" uuid="2dbec0c0-05cc-46f5-bf36-d92609e5c152"/>
<textElement textAlignment="Right"/>
<text><![CDATA[Report Date:]]></text>
</staticText>
</band>
</title>
<columnHeader>
<band height="21" splitType="Stretch">
<line>
<reportElement x="0" y="15" width="570" height="1" isRemoveLineWhenBlank="true" uuid="a18f566c-5972-43f5-8754-00a46cdf262f"/>
<graphicElement>
<pen lineWidth="2.0"/>
</graphicElement>
</line>
<staticText>
<reportElement x="0" y="1" width="100" height="20" uuid="d839c8d1-ff31-4aa0-a0ea-d0d57780f919"/>
<text><![CDATA[Species]]></text>
</staticText>
<staticText>
<reportElement x="500" y="0" width="70" height="20" uuid="b6a482c2-52e7-4e87-b4e1-cd59a605964d"/>
<textElement textAlignment="Right"/>
<text><![CDATA[Total Cost]]></text>
</staticText>
<staticText>
<reportElement x="420" y="0" width="80" height="20" uuid="dcdaf6e6-d07a-4d59-a702-2ca5ee0e2667"/>
<textElement textAlignment="Right"/>
<text><![CDATA[Overhead Cost]]></text>
</staticText>
<staticText>
<reportElement x="340" y="0" width="80" height="20" uuid="0064bc76-4f28-4fcd-a6a4-a0021e37c329"/>
<textElement textAlignment="Right"/>
<text><![CDATA[Cost]]></text>
</staticText>
<staticText>
<reportElement x="260" y="0" width="80" height="20" uuid="a5e40833-70bc-4afa-a16e-33f7bd9225a5"/>
<textElement textAlignment="Right"/>
<text><![CDATA[$/MBF]]></text>
</staticText>
<staticText>
<reportElement x="180" y="0" width="80" height="20" uuid="80325097-ad9c-4cb7-8f1d-cd28e508b85b"/>
<textElement textAlignment="Right"/>
<text><![CDATA[Net BFt]]></text>
</staticText>
<staticText>
<reportElement x="110" y="0" width="80" height="20" uuid="b4bc60d0-fac0-48c0-8db3-f7cae8abbbf0"/>
<textElement textAlignment="Right"/>
<text><![CDATA[# of Logs]]></text>
</staticText>
</band>
</columnHeader>
<pageFooter>
<band height="27" splitType="Stretch"/>
</pageFooter>
<summary>
<band height="81" splitType="Stretch">
<line>
<reportElement x="0" y="0" width="570" height="1" isRemoveLineWhenBlank="true" uuid="2815f185-79f9-4c63-9c3e-a26d889e290c">
<property name="com.jaspersoft.studio.unit.y" value="pixel"/>
</reportElement>
<graphicElement>
<pen lineWidth="2.0"/>
</graphicElement>
</line>
<staticText>
<reportElement x="0" y="0" width="100" height="15" uuid="31141427-83b2-49f4-8edc-d238fdcfb701"/>
<textElement textAlignment="Right">
<font isBold="true"/>
</textElement>
<text><![CDATA[Totals: ]]></text>
</staticText>
<textField>
<reportElement x="110" y="0" width="80" height="15" uuid="baa57730-fef0-4194-a2a0-1fb67428615b">
<property name="com.jaspersoft.studio.unit.height" value="pixel"/>
</reportElement>
<textElement textAlignment="Right"/>
<textFieldExpression><![CDATA[$V{species2}]]></textFieldExpression>
</textField>
<textField>
<reportElement x="190" y="0" width="70" height="15" uuid="e9fc1f24-c4d8-430e-a9ed-15874c450c15"/>
<textElement textAlignment="Right"/>
<textFieldExpression><![CDATA[$V{netFootage2}]]></textFieldExpression>
</textField>
<textField pattern="¤#,##0.000;¤-#,##0.000">
<reportElement x="260" y="0" width="80" height="15" uuid="673065c9-010a-40ac-bae0-3286df02b659"/>
<textElement textAlignment="Right"/>
<textFieldExpression><![CDATA[$V{priceRate2}]]></textFieldExpression>
</textField>
<textField pattern="¤#,##0.00;¤-#,##0.00">
<reportElement x="420" y="0" width="80" height="15" uuid="a96091a6-d61a-4624-aa5b-49fe00cdde75"/>
<textElement textAlignment="Right"/>
<textFieldExpression><![CDATA[$V{overheadCost1}]]></textFieldExpression>
</textField>
<textField pattern="¤#,##0.##;¤-#,##0.##">
<reportElement x="340" y="0" width="80" height="15" uuid="1530dda8-714f-48e8-886c-66e1c0122c65"/>
<textElement textAlignment="Right"/>
<textFieldExpression><![CDATA[$V{cost2}]]></textFieldExpression>
</textField>
<textField pattern="¤#,##0.00;¤-#,##0.00">
<reportElement x="500" y="0" width="70" height="15" uuid="57e3165b-60cc-4e08-bf71-9b9b3681219c"/>
<textElement textAlignment="Right"/>
<textFieldExpression><![CDATA[$V{lineTotal2}]]></textFieldExpression>
</textField>
</band>
</summary>
</jasperReport>
A:
This was apparently a glitch. I threw out the jrxml file and started from scratch. The results under the new jrxml were correct when I used cost1 and netFootage1.
Although the .jrxml files were identical, the first version gave me garbage results, while the second version gave me the correct information.
| 2024-06-23T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/3672 |
BAGHDAD — At least 72 people were killed Thursday in a series of attacks on Shiites in Iraq, marking the deadliest day since U.S. troops withdrew last month and raising new worries about the country’s sharp sectarian divisions.
Analysts warned that the bombings, in what appeared to be the worst day of violence in the country in more than a year, could unleash more danger. One local security official blamed the insurgent group al-Qaeda in Iraq, but no militant organization asserted responsibility for the blasts.
The attacks, which wounded at least 147 people, included explosions in two Shiite neighborhoods in the capital and a suicide bombing next to a large group of Shiites on a pilgrimage in southern Iraq. The violence occurred against the backdrop of a deepening political standoff between the country’s Shiite and Sunni leaders.
A majority of the Sunni-supported Iraqiya political bloc boycotted parliamentary proceedings Thursday. Members of the group accuse Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki, a Shiite, of trying to dissolve a political framework established under U.S. guidance to ensure power-sharing among Shiites, Sunnis and Kurds.
“Rather than sharing power, he wishes to create turbulence between political parties of Iraq for the purpose of maintaining and consolidating his own power,” Haider al-Mulla, a spokesman for Iraqiya, said this week.
In an e-mailed statement, Ali Hadi al-Moussawi, a spokesman for Maliki, said terrorists are trying to ignite a war between Shiites and Sunnis. “That is why you see them attack such religious symbols like the Shiite practice of pilgrimage,” Moussawi said. He also said Iraqiya leaders are aggravating sectarian tensions.
Just a day after the U.S. military’s Dec. 18 departure, Maliki’s security forces accused Tariq al-Hashimi, the Sunni vice president, of running a hit squad, prompting him to flee the capital and igniting the political crisis.
In Washington, State Department spokeswoman Victoria Nuland condemned the latest “acts of terror.” “They are desperate attempts by the same kind of folk who’ve been active in Iraq trying to turn back the clock,” she said. Nuland said Vice President Biden and other administration officials are continuing to press Iraqi leaders to hold formal talks aimed at ending the political conflict.
“We are quite encouraged that a number of Iraqi politicians are also calling for such a meeting, which we hope takes place soon.”
Lt. Col. Joel Rayburn, an Iraq analyst at the National Defense University who earlier served as a U.S. intelligence officer in the country, said the attack on the Shiite pilgrims could embarrass Maliki’s government, which has staked its reputation on protecting such pilgrimages. If the attacks continue, they could spark a reemergence of the Shiite Mahdi Army, a militia that was created by firebrand cleric Moqtada al-Sadr to protect Shiites when the government appeared unable to do so.
“And there won’t be anything Maliki can say or do against it,” said Rayburn, stressing that he was expressing his opinions and not those of the university.
Series of attacks
The suicide bombing about 200 miles southeast of the capital, near Nasiriyah, targeted Shiites who were on the road to the holy city of Karbala to honor a venerated Shiite martyr, Imam Hussein. At least 48 people were killed and 81 were wounded in the attack, a provincial security chief said.
Just before the bombing, an Iraqi army officer spotted the assailant and tried to intervene, said the security chief, Sajad al-Asadi. The officer attempted to wrap his arms around the bomber and tackle him before he could detonate his explosives. The officer was killed in the bombing, Asadi said.
The security chief said that many of the injured are in serious or critical condition and that the death toll is likely to rise. He blamed al-Qaeda in Iraq for the attacks.
The Thursday bombing of the pilgrims followed blasts earlier in the day in two Shiite neighborhoods in Baghdad.
An explosives-laden motorcycle blew up near a group of day laborers in Sadr City, a sprawling Shiite slum named for Sadr’s father, a senior cleric who was assassinated during the rule of Saddam Hussein.
Two more bombs were detonated simultaneously near a hospital in the same area, said Interior Ministry officials, who discussed the attacks on the condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak publicly.
Nine people were killed and 35 were injured in the blasts, the officials said.
Ninety minutes later, two car bombs exploded near Aruba Square in the Kadhimiyah district of northern Baghdad, killing 15 and injuring 31, according to initial reports.
Prospect of danger, hope
Kenneth Pollack, director of the Saban Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution, said it is impossible to know for certain at this point who is responsible for the attacks. It could be an al-Qaeda group or other terrorists seeking to prove that the government is powerless to stop them, he said, or Sunni insurgents who do not like Maliki’s quest for power.
The real danger, Pollack said, is how armed Shiite groups interpret the bombings. If they see them as evidence of Sunnis trying to hurt Maliki’s government, they might attack Sunni civilians. “That becomes a very dangerous situation,” he said.
But Reidar Visser, an Iraq expert at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, noted one positive sign: There was “immediate and robust” condemnation of the attacks across Iraq’s political spectrum, including from prominent Sunnis.
Maliki’s spokesman said the attacks did not expose major failures in security because the pilgrims were out in the open, traveling by the thousands. But the attacks may indicate a need for better intelligence gathering, Moussawi said.
Others, however, said the country’s leadership was at fault.
“They’re busy doing the wrong things,” said parliament member Mahmoud Othman, an independent Kurd who said he was including all parties and sects in his critique. “They’re busy with conflict, day and night, and don’t have time for security.”
Terrorists are taking advantage of the vacuum, Othman said, and are willing to attack both Shiite and Sunni civilians to incite militias sympathetic to either side. “They want to create an armed, sectarian conflict.”
Staff writer Joby Warrick in Washington and special correspondents Aziz Alwan and Asaad Majeed in Baghdad contributed to this report.
Dan Morse covers courts and crime in Montgomery County. He arrived at the paper in 2005, after reporting stops at the Wall Street Journal, Baltimore Sun and Montgomery (Ala.) Advertiser, where he was a Pulitzer Prize finalist. He is the author of The Yoga Store Murder.
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Comments our editors find particularly useful or relevant are displayed in Top Comments, as are comments by users with these badges: . Replies to those posts appear here, as well as posts by staff writers. | 2023-12-08T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/1145 |
Cleaners at Goldsmiths College, University of London in New Cross are not directly employed by the college but by ISS a big contractor. The group Justice for Cleaners handed out hundreds of leaflets explaining the issues: Goldsmiths Justice Cleaners leaflet j4c-info-sept18.
A petition by the UCU – University and College Union expressed the cleaners’ concerns as they are in fear of losing their jobs:
“Our colleagues who work as cleaners already face significantly worse working conditions than what we expect of Goldsmiths, as these workers are employed by ISS, a large multinational company that hold contracts at many universities, hospitals, public transport services and other businesses. Our colleagues receive no sick pay, no holiday pay, a lack of job security, and heavy workloads. On top of this, ISS is now proposing to
– Get rid of the 7-hour night shift, replacing it with a 4-hour evening shift;
– Get rid of the weekend morning shift, replacing it with an afternoon shift;
– Get rid of the early morning shift, replacing it with a longer mid-morning shift;
– Get rid of the waste day shift, replacing it with a 4-hour shift.”
Campaigners have reported bullying and anti-union intimidation towards the cleaners and called the demonstration in support of the cleaners. The key demands are to bring the cleaners back in house, to be directly employed by Goldsmiths and to end the restructuring for cleaning staff that worsens terms and conditions with a commitment to meaningful negotiations about the future.
In a letter to The Guardian academics have expressed concern about ethical and professional principles at Goldsmiths College and backed their cleaner staff colleagues.
The demonstration was supported by students, staff, Lewisham Momentum and Lewisham Trades Unions, including CWU, RMT and Unite.
Alan Hall, Chair, Unite Community Greenwich, Lewisham and Bexley said: “Cleaners are not the dirt they clean. They deserve to be paid properly and that’s why Goldsmiths College should bring them back in house.”
He went on to say:
“Acts of anti Trade Union intimidation, victimisation by the contractor ISS are unacceptable and should be condemned.” | 2024-02-02T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/3307 |
Structure-driven nonlinear instability of double tearing modes and the abrupt growth after long-time-scale evolution.
The new nonlinear destabilization process is found in the nonlinear phase of the double tearing mode (DTM). This process causes the abrupt growth of DTM and subsequent collapse after long-time-scale evolution in the Rutherford-type regime. The nonlinear growth of the DTM is triggered when the triangular deformation of magnetic islands with sharp current point at the X point exceeds a certain value. Hence, the mode can be called the structure-driven one. Decreasing the resistivity increases the sharpness of the triangularity and the spontaneous growth rate in the abrupt-growth phase is almost independent of the resistivity. | 2023-09-20T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/7533 |
Q:
Clear the screen stack in an iOS app
I have SplashScreen -> Sign Up -> Sign In -> MainScreen screens. And in the MainScreen it's not necessary to remember all screen stack (I mean I can return to Sign Up/Sign In screens, but I should not have this possibility). How can I close unnecessary screens? Is it good approach when developing for the iOS UI?
A:
If you're using UINavigationController:
//Pop back to the root view controller
[self.navigationController popToRootViewControllerAnimated:NO];
//Allocate and init the new view controller to push to
NewViewController *newVC = [[NewViewController alloc] init];
//Push the new view controller
[self.navigationController pushViewController:newVC animated:YES];
| 2023-09-19T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/9660 |
package com.reactnativenavigation.views.touch
import android.view.MotionEvent
import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting
import com.reactnativenavigation.options.params.Bool
import com.reactnativenavigation.options.params.NullBool
import com.reactnativenavigation.react.ReactView
import com.reactnativenavigation.utils.coordinatesInsideView
import com.reactnativenavigation.views.component.ComponentLayout
open class OverlayTouchDelegate(private val component: ComponentLayout, private val reactView: ReactView) {
var interceptTouchOutside: Bool = NullBool()
fun onInterceptTouchEvent(event: MotionEvent): Boolean {
return when (interceptTouchOutside.hasValue() && event.actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
true -> handleDown(event)
false -> component.superOnInterceptTouchEvent(event)
}
}
@VisibleForTesting
open fun handleDown(event: MotionEvent) = when (event.coordinatesInsideView(reactView.getChildAt(0))) {
true -> component.superOnInterceptTouchEvent(event)
false -> interceptTouchOutside.isFalse
}
} | 2024-06-23T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/8364 |
To the Editor:
I felt it was important to comment on the recent Editor’s Word [Feb. 28, 2018] column that appeared on the Journal’s opinion page, which mentioned rumors of inappropriate relationships between staff and students, and students...
It has come to the attention of our team of student journalists that our University has a serious problem. Throughout the years, few staff members have been rumored to have engaged in inappropriate relationships with students, while others have been caught in the act. These staff members, namely men, have used their positions in power to coax students. This...
It has come to the attention of our team of student journalists that our University has a serious problem. Throughout the years, few staff members have been rumored to have engaged in inappropriate relationships with students, while others have been caught in the act. These staff members, namely men, have used their positions in power to coax students. This is a cultur...
We are the media and we’re not just here to get a story. We’re here to tell people's stories. Nowadays, the media has been painted as bloodsucking leeches out to get a paycheck only to use and abuse and move onto the next warm body.
We’re here to say — that’s not the case. As aspiring future journalists, we’re working hard to develop not only our readi...
The spring semester of college always tastes bittersweet. In a few short months the long days and longer nights spent working on class projects, studying for exams, or publishing a newspaper come to an end. A glimpse at rest is usually in order, a view that is never taken for granted. But it’s hard to watch as some of the people you are closest to walk across the stag...
To the Editor:
I felt it was important to comment on the recent Editor’s Word [Feb. 28, 2018] column that appeared on the Journal’s opinion page, which mentioned rumors of inappropriate relationships between staff and students, and students...
Kevin Spacey has been accused of sexually assaulting multiple men in Hollywood, with some underage at the time. Once the information was released, Spacey decided to come out as gay in an attempt to distract the world from his wrongdoings. The list of accusers continues to grow. | 2024-07-22T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/5251 |
Aside from Descendants of the Sun's story and actors, what we love about the show is the OST. We absolutely love everything in it! One of our absolute faves is this song by JYJ Junsu (XIA) called "How Can I Love You" which plays in the background whenever there are sweet and even bittersweet moments on the show. Earlier today, they released a teaser for the song's music video which shows snippets from Si Jin and Mo Yeon and Dae Yeong and Myeong Ju's love stories. Hit the play button below to watch it now! (via AllKPop.com)
After those rumors that they've gotten back together, Liam Hemsworth and Miley Cyrus have been spotted together in public again. Last week, the couple were seen with Liam's bros Luke and Chris in West Hollywood. Aww. No official word yet from both parties, but if this and that photo of Miley wearing her engagement ring aren't proof that they really are together, then we don't know what is. (via Nylon.com)
Are Hendall on again? Kendall Jenner and Harry Styles were spotted together a day before the MTV Movie Awards, shopping in Los Angeles. A fan who happened to be at the same store captured the moment. Do you think they are back together again? TBH, we really thought it was over between them after they weren't spotted together since their date in St. Barts. (via PopSugar.com)
Is this confirmation that Sofia Andres and Diego Loyzaga are really together? The two have been spending so much time together, even sharing photos of their moments together on social media. But this video from Sofiego's first get-together with their supporters tell us they could really be more than friends. Check out the post below and let us know what you think in the comments. (via PEP.ph)
Liza Soberano got bashed online when she RT-ed a video of Hailee Steinfeld saying she wants to marry Liza's Dolce Amore co-star Enrique Gil. It was because she captioned it and referred to him as her best friend. Fans tweeted how she friendzoned her co-star. In response, the 18-year-old tweeted a series of tweets that when she said "best friend" it didn't mean that she friendzoned Enrique already. Aww, guys, let's relax online and listen to Liza, okay? (via PEP.ph) | 2023-09-15T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/3399 |
Q:
How to return http Result in play framework in case of recovering future?
in my controller im calling a method that returnes a future, and in my recover I want to return an http Result, so I did something like:\
myController = Action.async {
myService.futureMethod().map(result => {
Ok(result)
}) recover {
case exception =>
println("futureMethod failed with: ",exception)
BadRequest(exception)
}
}
but i get this error:
Cannot write an instance of Throwable to HTTP response. Try to define
a Writeable[Throwable] BadRequest(exception)
how can I make this right if i want to return http Result with the exception?
A:
BadRequest(exception.getMessage) should work.
| 2024-06-14T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/7877 |
Pages
Forays into Watercolour Painting
Thursday, August 30, 2012
Tiny pieces!
The August Challenge for DQ was to make 'a mini not bigger than 12'x12, using pieces not bigger that 1.5' finished...and the colours were saffron, white and green only, the colours of the Indian flag.' I thought about it quite a bit and decided I would try something different. I would try and use my favourite method of quilting and crazy quilt mini squares. And the 12"x12" finished piece would also make a great cushion cover.
So first I got all the bits and pieces of fabric in place...Artistic licence to vary the colours a little to make it more appealing (I have never liked the green on the flag). I started by making a really wonky wonky block...and loved doing that.
I then cut the block into tiny 2" squares, in a random sort of fashion, keeping half inch for sewing, so that would give me the 1 1/2" square that Tina had specified!
I wanted to use the green as a frame so that each tiny square would stand out, so cut the little 2 X 3/4" rectangles and connected them together.
I was leaving for an extended visit to the States and decided this was just the thing to take with me to sew on the long 4 X 15 hour flight from Kolkata to New York! So all the piecies were cut and packed into a little travelling kit, which fit neatly into my bag. All the joining was done by hand and I enjoyed that as I like sewing by hand! | 2024-07-18T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/7475 |
HIV types and testing.
The past year has seen the discovery of new isolates which do not readily fit into the established categories HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV, as well as the availability of new assays including the use of the polymerase chain reaction. New combination enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays can detect viruses from two or more groups where specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays have been developed using peptides and monoclonal antibodies. | 2024-06-18T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/5009 |
Studies on the Effect of Recombinant Human Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha on Leukemic Cell Lines by (31)P-NMR.
31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been used for monitoring cellular metabolism in human lymphoma cell line Molt-4 and human promyelocyte leukemia cell line HL-60. (31)P-NMR spectra of Molt-4 cells and HL-60 cells consist primarily of peaks of phosphomonoesters, inorganic phosphate (Pi), diphosphodiesters and ATP. A decrease in the ATP/Pi ration occurred after treatment of the Molt-4 cells with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha(rhTHF-alpha). The ATP decreased after treatment of the Hl-60 cells with rhTNF-alpha. | 2024-01-20T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/6634 |
The beginning is different for everyone – it depends on your personality.
Some approach it with cool detachment. You’re not new on the scene, oh no. You’ve dated. Had tea with Dickinson (not quite exciting enough), partied a bit with Hemingway (way too exciting) and even had some coffee with Hawthorne (who was pleasantly stimulating). There was even that torrid threesome with the Shelleys that you try not to think about.
Others approach it with excitement. You’ve had a few fulfilling relationships in the past. You went the distance with Austen for several years, trying to even out the pride with some sense, and the prejudice with some sensibility. You even visited a few parks and abbeys together. You hope for similar fulfilling experiences in the future.
However you approach this new relationship, it often runs a similar course. In the beginning you are tentative – it’s logical enough, you don’t know if it’ll work out, and you should never put all your hounds in one basket. You may even continue to see a few people on the side; Fitzgerald never minded being your back-up, and he handles being strung along quite well.
But slowly something begins to change. You get further into the relationship, and you feel as if you are perceiving and experiencing something deeper than ever before. You feel you are understood, 20,000 leagues to the very depth of your heart. Nothing else matters any more. You stop seeing your friends, you neglect class, you stop dating – even Fitzgerald seems to have lost that green glimmer in his eyes.
Some days you forget to shower. When you absolutely must leave your chair to walk you do so while reading, indifferent to the hazards of trees, people, and cars. Breakfast? Lunch? Dinner? Forget it. Love is your sustenance! Perhaps a few energy drinks and Vitamin Water.
And then it ends.
Sometimes it ends well. You see it coming, and are let down gently. You long for the passion and the profound commitment of all those weeks where you were lost to the world, but in the end you understand. You understand that it had to end.
Other times it ends badly. It ends abruptly, with no resolution. You are left, by yourself, with more questions than answers: Will he come back? What did she mean by those last words? Why did he throw the ring into the fire?
In either case you swear you’ll never love again. Whether the romance ended well or poorly, you feel that, surely, no future romance could ever compare to this one. So what’s the point?
But then one day you’re sitting in the Starbucks of Barnes & Noble, sipping your coffee, working on a paper. From across the room, a cover catches your eye. It glimmers seductively, and your curiosity is piqued. You briefly remember the torments of your last romance, but it seems somehow faint now. You choose to wear your scars like a badge of courage, and to love again. | 2024-01-10T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/3232 |
Jeb! Drops Out: Fails to Adjust to a Changing GOP Sphere
Jeb Bush’s dismal performance in the 2016 election primaries are not exactly shocking, considering the debates and poll results over the past few months. In 2012, however, most Republican voters would expect Jeb to perform well in 2016. Initially believed to be the GOP front runner when he announced his candidacy, Jeb’s failure to adjust his campaigning strategy to adapt to the changing political sphere, ultimately led to him dropping out.
For one, Jeb did not understand the importance of political stagecraft. During the debates, Jeb lacked charisma and charm, two qualities that American people subconsciously look for in a president. Jeb gave lengthy (and at times, boring) answers to questions that could not be turned into interesting sound bytes, leaving his name out of the media and isolating him from the voters who do not have an extensive knowledge of policy. Jeb acknowledged the American desire for an interesting candidate, stating “I’m running for president. If they’re looking for entertainer in chief, I’m probably not the guy.” While the next POTUS should not make the entertainment of the country his number 1 goal, in order to win his way into the Oval Office, he will need to be interesting enough for the voters to want to elect him.
Jeb also failed to take Donald Trump seriously. Donald Trump targeted Jeb early on and Jeb attempted to take the high road. Unfortunately for Jeb, the high road is not nearly as interesting for American voters. Trump made Jeb out to seem like a complete joke, accurately predicting that “soon you’ll be off the [debate] stage.” Jeb’s campaign strategy of rejecting his last name and using an exclamation point in his logo also made Jeb seem like a less than serious candidate.
Jeb! not only failed due to his own actions, but also do to the changing political environment of America. Jeb was a “candidate who stood for an entire generation of Republican Party building, who was the figurative and literal heir to the family brand that had graced nearly every GOP ticket for a generation.” In 2012, the GOP begged Jeb to run, even after the primaries had begun. Then why in 2016 did he perform so poorly?
The GOP establishment is changing; look at who is leading the primaries: a business man/personality who has no political experience and a young, hispanic, senator. The Republican voters seems to want a candidate who is different than the past Republican candidates. Jeb didn’t realize this, or if he did, he didn’t adapt, and failed as a result.
Jeb wanted to be President, he wanted to do good for a party that had consistently supported his family, and he had the qualifications to do the job well. While this may have been enough in previous elections, it certainly is not in this election, nor will it be in the future. | 2024-07-02T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/7960 |
Laparoscopic antireflux surgery.
Laparoscopic antireflux surgery is a safe and effective alternative surgical approach for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, the same rigorous evaluation required for open fundoplication is mandated for patients undergoing laparoscopic antireflux surgery. For successful laparoscopic antireflux surgery, both the mastery of laparoscopic techniques and the application of the principles of antireflux surgery are required. Operative mortality and morbidity compare favorably with those of open antireflux procedures, and there is a marked reduction of certain complications. Meticulous laparoscopic technique during the mobilization of the gastric cardia and esophagus will limit mortality and intraoperative and postoperative complications. Although laparoscopic antireflux surgery shortens postoperative recovery and speeds return to work, it may be the double-edged sword causing early failures. Short and intermediate term results compare similarly with open antireflux surgery. Laparoscopic antireflux surgery is an important and significant advancement in the evolution of GERD therapy, its definitive role in the surgeon's armamentarium is dependent on evaluation of long-term data. | 2024-03-30T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/3152 |
From sizzling performances to high emotional moments, Bollywood’s biggest annual gala – 63rd Jio Filmfare Awards 2018 came to an end with all its glitz and glamour. Be it Shah Rukh Khan’s beyond amazing camaraderie with the audiences or Bappi Lahiri having his special emotional moment receiving the Lifetime Achievement Award – there was a lot that made this one a night to remember. Even though the night has got over, it’s hard to get over the magic it made us feel. Staying true to its image, this sure was the most celebrated night of the year.
Without waiting anymore, we bring you 50 super candid inside pictures from the big night which you just cannot miss. Enjoy. | 2023-12-10T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/1508 |
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Xml.Linq;
using Composite.Core.Extensions;
using Composite.Core.IO;
using Composite.Core.Xml;
using Composite.Data;
using Composite.Data.DynamicTypes;
using Composite.Data.Plugins.DataProvider;
using Composite.Data.ProcessControlled.ProcessControllers.GenericPublishProcessController;
using Composite.Data.Types;
namespace Composite.Plugins.Data.DataProviders.XmlDataProvider.Foundation
{
internal static class XmlDataProviderStoreManipulator
{
public static void CreateStore(string providerName, XmlProviderInterfaceConfigurationElement configurationElement)
{
foreach (DataScopeConfigurationElement scopeElement in configurationElement.ConfigurationStores)
{
CreateStore(providerName, scopeElement);
}
}
public static void AlterStore(UpdateDataTypeDescriptor updateDescriptor, XmlProviderInterfaceConfigurationElement oldConfigurationElement, XmlProviderInterfaceConfigurationElement newConfigurationElement)
{
DataTypeChangeDescriptor dataTypeChangeDescriptor = updateDescriptor.CreateDataTypeChangeDescriptor();
foreach (KeyValuePair<string, Type> kvp in oldConfigurationElement.PropertyInitializers)
{
newConfigurationElement.AddPropertyInitializer(kvp.Key, kvp.Value);
}
Dictionary<string, object> newFieldValues = new Dictionary<string, object>();
foreach (DataScopeIdentifier scopeIdentifier in dataTypeChangeDescriptor.AddedDataScopes)
{
foreach (DataScopeConfigurationElement dataScopeConfigurationElement in newConfigurationElement.DataScopes[scopeIdentifier.Name].Values)
{
CreateStore(updateDescriptor.ProviderName, dataScopeConfigurationElement);
}
}
foreach (DataScopeIdentifier scopeIdentifier in dataTypeChangeDescriptor.ExistingDataScopes)
{
foreach (KeyValuePair<string, DataScopeConfigurationElement> fileForLanguage in oldConfigurationElement.DataScopes[scopeIdentifier.Name])
{
string cultureName = fileForLanguage.Key;
if (!newConfigurationElement.DataScopes[scopeIdentifier.Name].ContainsKey(cultureName))
{
continue;
}
var oldDataScopeConfigurationElement = fileForLanguage.Value;
var newDataScopeConfigurationElement = newConfigurationElement.DataScopes[scopeIdentifier.Name][cultureName];
newFieldValues = new Dictionary<string, object>
{
{"PublicationStatus", GenericPublishProcessController.Published}
};
CopyData(updateDescriptor.ProviderName, dataTypeChangeDescriptor, oldDataScopeConfigurationElement, newDataScopeConfigurationElement, newFieldValues);
}
}
if (updateDescriptor.PublicationAdded)
{
foreach (var fileByLanguage in oldConfigurationElement.DataScopes[DataScopeIdentifier.PublicName])
{
var oldDataScopeConfigurationElement = fileByLanguage.Value;
var newDataScopeConfigurationElement = newConfigurationElement.DataScopes[DataScopeIdentifier.AdministratedName][fileByLanguage.Key];
newFieldValues = new Dictionary<string, object>
{
{"PublicationStatus", GenericPublishProcessController.Published}
};
CopyData(updateDescriptor.ProviderName, dataTypeChangeDescriptor, oldDataScopeConfigurationElement, newDataScopeConfigurationElement, newFieldValues, false);
}
}
if (updateDescriptor.PublicationRemoved)
{
foreach (var fileByLanguage in oldConfigurationElement.DataScopes[DataScopeIdentifier.AdministratedName])
{
var oldDataScopeConfigurationElement = fileByLanguage.Value;
var newDataScopeConfigurationElement = newConfigurationElement.DataScopes[DataScopeIdentifier.PublicName][fileByLanguage.Key];
CopyData(updateDescriptor.ProviderName, dataTypeChangeDescriptor, oldDataScopeConfigurationElement, newDataScopeConfigurationElement, newFieldValues, false);
}
}
bool oldTypeLocalized = updateDescriptor.OldDataTypeDescriptor.Localizeable;
bool newTypeLocalized = updateDescriptor.NewDataTypeDescriptor.Localizeable;
if (!oldTypeLocalized && newTypeLocalized)
{
foreach (var newStore in newConfigurationElement.DataScopes.Values.SelectMany(kvp => kvp.Values))
{
CreateStore(updateDescriptor.ProviderName, newStore);
}
foreach (string dataScopeIdentifier in oldConfigurationElement.DataScopes.Keys)
{
var oldFilesByCulture = oldConfigurationElement.DataScopes[dataScopeIdentifier];
string invariantCultureKey = "";
if (oldFilesByCulture.ContainsKey(invariantCultureKey))
{
var oldDataScopeConfigurationElement = oldFilesByCulture[invariantCultureKey];
if (updateDescriptor.LocalesToCopyTo != null)
{
foreach (CultureInfo locale in updateDescriptor.LocalesToCopyTo)
{
var newDataScopeConfigurationElement = newConfigurationElement.DataScopes[dataScopeIdentifier][locale.Name];
var nfv = new Dictionary<string, object>(newFieldValues)
{
{"SourceCultureName", locale.Name}
};
CopyData(updateDescriptor.ProviderName, dataTypeChangeDescriptor, oldDataScopeConfigurationElement, newDataScopeConfigurationElement, nfv, false);
}
}
DropStore(updateDescriptor.ProviderName, oldDataScopeConfigurationElement);
}
}
}
if (oldTypeLocalized && !newTypeLocalized)
{
foreach (var newStore in newConfigurationElement.DataScopes.Values.SelectMany(kvp => kvp.Values))
{
CreateStore(updateDescriptor.ProviderName, newStore);
}
if (updateDescriptor.LocaleToCopyFrom != null)
{
foreach (string dataScopeIdentifier in oldConfigurationElement.DataScopes.Keys)
{
var oldDataScopeConfigurationElement = oldConfigurationElement.DataScopes[dataScopeIdentifier][updateDescriptor.LocaleToCopyFrom.Name];
var newDataScopeConfigurationElement = newConfigurationElement.DataScopes[dataScopeIdentifier][""];
CopyData(updateDescriptor.ProviderName, dataTypeChangeDescriptor, oldDataScopeConfigurationElement, newDataScopeConfigurationElement, newFieldValues, false);
}
}
foreach (var oldStore in oldConfigurationElement.DataScopes.SelectMany(d => d.Value).Where(f => f.Key != "").Select(f => f.Value))
{
DropStore(updateDescriptor.ProviderName, oldStore);
}
}
foreach (DataScopeIdentifier scopeIdentifier in dataTypeChangeDescriptor.DeletedDataScopes)
{
foreach (DataScopeConfigurationElement dataScopeConfigurationElement in oldConfigurationElement.DataScopes[scopeIdentifier.Name].Values)
{
DropStore(updateDescriptor.ProviderName, dataScopeConfigurationElement);
}
}
}
private static void CopyData(string providerName, DataTypeChangeDescriptor dataTypeChangeDescriptor, DataScopeConfigurationElement oldDataScopeConfigurationElement, DataScopeConfigurationElement newDataScopeConfigurationElement, Dictionary<string, object> newFieldValues, bool deleteOldFile = true)
{
string oldFilename = ResolvePath(oldDataScopeConfigurationElement.Filename, providerName);
string newFilename = ResolvePath(newDataScopeConfigurationElement.Filename, providerName);
XDocument oldDocument = XDocumentUtils.Load(PathUtil.Resolve(oldFilename));
List<XElement> newElements = new List<XElement>();
bool addingVersionId = dataTypeChangeDescriptor.AddedFields.Any(f => f.Name == nameof(IVersioned.VersionId))
&& dataTypeChangeDescriptor.AlteredType.SuperInterfaces.Any(s => s == typeof (IVersioned));
string versionIdSourceFieldName = null;
if (addingVersionId)
{
if (dataTypeChangeDescriptor.AlteredType.DataTypeId == typeof(IPage).GetImmutableTypeId())
{
versionIdSourceFieldName = nameof(IPage.Id);
}
else
{
versionIdSourceFieldName = dataTypeChangeDescriptor.AlteredType.Fields
.Where(f => f.InstanceType == typeof(Guid)
&& (f.ForeignKeyReferenceTypeName?.Contains(typeof(IPage).FullName) ?? false))
.OrderByDescending(f => f.Name == nameof(IPageData.PageId))
.Select(f => f.Name)
.FirstOrDefault();
}
}
foreach (XElement oldElement in oldDocument.Root.Elements())
{
List<XAttribute> newChildAttributes = new List<XAttribute>();
foreach (XAttribute oldChildAttribute in oldElement.Attributes())
{
var existingFieldInfo = GetExistingFieldInfo(dataTypeChangeDescriptor, oldChildAttribute.Name.LocalName);
if (existingFieldInfo != null)
{
if (existingFieldInfo.OriginalField.Name != existingFieldInfo.AlteredField.Name)
{
XAttribute newChildAttribute = new XAttribute(existingFieldInfo.AlteredField.Name, oldChildAttribute.Value);
newChildAttributes.Add(newChildAttribute);
}
else
{
newChildAttributes.Add(oldChildAttribute);
}
}
// It may happen that some data were added before data descriptors are updated, in the case of using
// [AutoUpdateable] attribute.
else if (dataTypeChangeDescriptor.AddedFields.Any(addedField => addedField.Name == oldChildAttribute.Name))
{
newChildAttributes.Add(oldChildAttribute);
}
}
// Adding default value for fields that are NULL and become required
foreach (var existingFieldInfo in dataTypeChangeDescriptor.ExistingFields)
{
bool fieldBecomeRequired = existingFieldInfo.OriginalField.IsNullable && !existingFieldInfo.AlteredField.IsNullable;
string fieldName = existingFieldInfo.AlteredField.Name;
if (fieldBecomeRequired && !newChildAttributes.Any(attr => attr.Name.LocalName == fieldName))
{
newChildAttributes.Add(new XAttribute(fieldName, GetDefaultValue(existingFieldInfo.AlteredField)));
}
}
foreach (DataFieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor in dataTypeChangeDescriptor.AddedFields)
{
if (addingVersionId && fieldDescriptor.Name == nameof(IVersioned.VersionId) && versionIdSourceFieldName != null)
{
if (!oldElement.Attributes().Any(a => a.Name.LocalName == nameof(IVersioned.VersionId)))
{
var sourceFieldValue = (Guid)oldElement.Attribute(versionIdSourceFieldName);
newChildAttributes.Add(new XAttribute(fieldDescriptor.Name, sourceFieldValue));
}
continue;
}
if (!fieldDescriptor.IsNullable
&& !newChildAttributes.Any(attr => attr.Name == fieldDescriptor.Name))
{
object value;
if (!newFieldValues.TryGetValue(fieldDescriptor.Name, out value))
{
value = GetDefaultValue(fieldDescriptor);
}
newChildAttributes.Add(new XAttribute(fieldDescriptor.Name, value));
}
else if (newFieldValues.ContainsKey(fieldDescriptor.Name))
{
XAttribute attribute = newChildAttributes.SingleOrDefault(attr => attr.Name == fieldDescriptor.Name);
attribute?.SetValue(newFieldValues[fieldDescriptor.Name]);
}
}
XElement newElement = new XElement(newDataScopeConfigurationElement.ElementName, newChildAttributes);
newElements.Add(newElement);
}
if (deleteOldFile)
{
C1File.Delete(oldFilename);
}
var newDocument = new XDocument(
new XElement(XmlDataProviderDocumentWriter.GetRootElementName(newDataScopeConfigurationElement.ElementName),
newElements));
XDocumentUtils.Save(newDocument, newFilename);
}
private static object GetDefaultValue(DataFieldDescriptor fieldDescriptor)
{
Verify.ArgumentNotNull(fieldDescriptor, "fieldDescriptor");
if (fieldDescriptor.DefaultValue != null)
{
return fieldDescriptor.DefaultValue.Value;
}
switch (fieldDescriptor.StoreType.PhysicalStoreType)
{
case PhysicalStoreFieldType.Boolean:
return false;
case PhysicalStoreFieldType.DateTime:
return DateTime.Now;
case PhysicalStoreFieldType.Integer:
case PhysicalStoreFieldType.Long:
case PhysicalStoreFieldType.Decimal:
return 0m;
case PhysicalStoreFieldType.Guid:
return Guid.Empty;
case PhysicalStoreFieldType.String:
case PhysicalStoreFieldType.LargeString:
return string.Empty;
}
throw new NotImplementedException("Supplied StoreFieldType contains an unsupported PhysicalStoreType '{0}'."
.FormatWith(fieldDescriptor.StoreType.PhysicalStoreType));
}
public static void DropStore(string providerName, XmlProviderInterfaceConfigurationElement configurationElement)
{
foreach (DataScopeConfigurationElement scopeElement in configurationElement.ConfigurationStores)
{
DropStore(providerName, scopeElement);
}
}
internal static void CreateStore(string providerName, DataScopeConfigurationElement scopeElement)
{
string filename = ResolvePath(scopeElement.Filename, providerName);
string directoryPath = Path.GetDirectoryName(filename);
if (!C1Directory.Exists(directoryPath))
{
C1Directory.CreateDirectory(directoryPath);
}
bool keepExistingFile = false;
string rootLocalName = XmlDataProviderDocumentWriter.GetRootElementName(scopeElement.ElementName);
string obsoleteRootElementName = scopeElement.ElementName + "s";
if (C1File.Exists(filename))
{
try
{
XDocument existingDocument = XDocumentUtils.Load(filename);
if (existingDocument.Root.Name.LocalName == rootLocalName
|| existingDocument.Root.Name.LocalName == obsoleteRootElementName)
{
keepExistingFile = true;
}
}
catch (Exception)
{
keepExistingFile = false;
}
if (!keepExistingFile)
{
C1File.Delete(filename);
}
}
if (!keepExistingFile)
{
var document = new XDocument();
document.Add(new XElement(rootLocalName));
XDocumentUtils.Save(document, filename);
}
}
internal static void DropStore(string providerName, DataScopeConfigurationElement scopeElement)
{
string filename = ResolvePath(scopeElement.Filename, providerName);
if (C1File.Exists(filename))
{
C1File.Delete(filename);
}
}
private static DataTypeChangeDescriptor.ExistingFieldInfo GetExistingFieldInfo(DataTypeChangeDescriptor dataTypeChangeDescriptor, string name)
{
return dataTypeChangeDescriptor.ExistingFields.FirstOrDefault(f => f.OriginalField.Name == name);
}
private static string ResolvePath(string filename, string providerName)
{
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return PathUtil.Resolve(Path.Combine(providerConfiguration.StoreDirectory, filename));
}
private static XmlDataProviderData GetProviderSettings(string providerName)
{
return (XmlDataProviderData)DataProviderConfigurationServices.GetDataProviderConfiguration(providerName);
}
}
}
| 2024-02-01T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/3050 |
In the Missouri Court of Appeals
Eastern District
DIVISION THREE
IN THE MATTER OF FORECLOSURE OF ) No. ED103962
LIENS FOR DELINQUENT LAND TAXES )
BY ACTION IN REM COLLECTOR OF )
REVENUE, CITY OF ST. LOUIS, MO, )
Plaintiff, )
)
vs. ) Appeal from the Circuit Court of
) the City of St. Louis
PARCELS OF LAND ENCUMBERED WITH )
DELINQUENT TAX LIENS, )
Defendants, )
)
MATHEW BRADFORD, )
Appellant, )
) Honorable Michael Noble
vs. )
)
PETER KELLY, )
COLLECTOR OF REVENUE, CITY OF )
ST. LOUIS, and ) Filed: November 8, 2016
SHERIFF, CITY OF ST. LOUIS, )
Respondents. )
Introduction
Mathew Bradford (“Bradford”) appeals the circuit court’s judgment setting aside the
default judgment against a parcel of property described as parcel 180-050, located at 2618 Dalton
Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri; finding the Sheriff’s sale of the property to Bradford null and void;
and rendering Bradford’s motion to confirm the sale moot. We dismiss this appeal for lack of
jurisdiction.
1
Factual and Procedural History
In October 2014, the Collector of Revenue for the City of St. Louis (“the Collector”) filed
a petition and list of parcels of land encumbered with delinquent taxes. The petition listed parcels
of real estate which, on January 1, 2014, were delinquent in the payment of taxes to the City of St.
Louis for a period of two years or more. Included in the list of delinquent parcels was real property
described as parcel 180-050, located at 2618 Dalton Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri (“the property”). 1
The petition listed Robert L. Kelly (“Robert Kelly”) as the last named owner of record of the
property, and it listed the property as his mailing address. However, Robert Kelly died in March
2013 and, at the time the petition was filed, he was deceased and ownership of the property had
vested in his heirs.
After the petition was filed, the Collector caused notice of filing of the petition to be
published, and notice was also mailed to Robert Kelly’s address on Dalton Avenue. Upon default,
the circuit court entered a judgment of foreclosure against the property (“default judgment”). The
court directed the property to be sold by the Sheriff of the City of St. Louis to satisfy the tax lien.
Thereafter, Bradford purchased the property at the Sheriff’s tax foreclosure sale. Bradford
subsequently filed a motion to confirm the land tax sale.
Prior to the confirmation hearing, Peter Kelly (“Kelly”), the son of the deceased Robert
Kelly, learned of the foreclosure sale and filed a motion to intervene, which the court granted.
Then, Kelly filed a motion to set aside judgment of foreclosure, arguing, inter alia, that neither
Kelly nor the heirs of Robert Kelly received notice of the land tax suit, the intended sale, or the
right to redeem the property.
1
At the time the Collector filed the lawsuit to foreclose the tax lien, only one year of taxes, tax year 2013, was owed
on the property.
2
On January 7, 2016, the circuit court held a hearing on the motion to set aside. At the
hearing, Kelly testified as follows: After Robert Kelly’s death, the family hired an attorney to open
a probate estate and take care of the property not in trust. When Kelly realized the attorney was
not adequately handling the property, he went online to the Collector’s website and learned there
was one year of taxes owed on the property. However, the Collector’s website provided, “A tax
suit is filed when unpaid taxes are delinquent for three years. The tax sale occurs approximately
one year after the suit is filed.” Kelly attempted to pay the taxes online but was unable to do so.
Then, Kelly went to the Collector’s office where he was told the property had been sold. Kelly
testified neither he nor the heirs of Robert Kelly received notice of the land tax suit or the intended
sale of the property. Kelly testified they stood ready, willing, and able to pay any delinquent tax
amounts.
The court took the motion under submission and scheduled the confirmation hearing for a
later date. On January 13, 2016, the circuit court entered judgment setting aside the default
judgment, finding the Sheriff’s sale null and void, and rendering the motion to confirm the sale
moot. The court concluded the heirs exhibited due diligence in handling the affairs of Robert Kelly
by hiring an estate attorney and conducting their own investigation. The court found the heirs
reasonably relied on the Collector’s website, which provided that a tax suit would only be filed
when unpaid taxes were delinquent for three years. The court found the heirs did not receive notice
of the lawsuit, the intended sale, or the right to redeem the property. Further, the court concluded
the heirs stood ready, willing, and able to immediately pay outstanding tax obligations, interest,
penalties, and cost of suit to satisfy the obligations.
3
Bradford filed a motion to reconsider or, in the alternative, to set bond amount for appeal.
The court denied the motion. On February 1, 2016, Bradford filed a notice of appeal. On February
26, 2016, the Collector dismissed with prejudice its action against the property.
Discussion
As a preliminary matter, we must address whether this
Court has jurisdiction to hear the appeal. Kelly challenges our jurisdiction on appeal, arguing that
(1) the circuit court’s judgment setting aside the default judgment was neither final and appealable
nor was it certified for appeal pursuant to Rule 74.01(b), 2 and (2) when the Collector filed its
dismissal with prejudice, the circuit court and, therefore, this Court lost jurisdiction over the
matter. We agree with both arguments.
In order for this Court to have jurisdiction, there must be a final and appealable judgment.
Acclaim Systems, Inc. v. Lohutko, 247 S.W.3d 601, 603 (Mo. App. E.D. 2008). A decision of a
circuit court is “final and appealable only when it disposes of all the issues for all parties in the
case and leaves nothing for future determination.” Bellon Wrecking & Salvage v. Dave Orf, Inc.,
956 S.W.2d 437, 438 (Mo. App. E.D. 1997) (internal citation omitted). However, Rule 74.01(b)
provides an exception to the finality rule, “permitting a trial court to enter judgment on a single
claim when multiple claims are asserted in a single case and certify its judgment as appealable
upon an express determination there is ‘no just reason for delay.’” Polk v. Essen, 249 S.W.3d 914,
918 (Mo. App. E.D. 2008); Davis v. Howe, 144 S.W.3d 899, 902 (Mo. App. E.D. 2004).
The circuit court’s judgment setting aside the default judgment did not dispose of all the
issues between the parties. Rather, the judgment only rendered the Sheriff’s sale null and void, and
mooted Bradford’s motion to confirm the sale. This essentially placed the parties in the exact
2
All rule references are to Missouri Supreme Court Rules (2015) unless otherwise indicated.
4
position they were in prior to the circuit court entering the default judgment. Thus, the Collector’s
underlying land tax suit was still before the circuit court and had yet to be adjudicated. Moreover,
the circuit court’s judgment did not find, expressly or otherwise, that there was “no just reason for
delay” as required by Rule 74.01(b). Therefore, the circuit court’s judgment was neither final nor
certified, and we are without jurisdiction to consider the appeal.
Notwithstanding our conclusion above, we find this Court lost jurisdiction over this matter
when the Collector filed its dismissal with prejudice. Our jurisdiction derives from that of the
circuit court. Stearns Bank N.A. v. Palmer, 182 S.W.3d 624, 626 (Mo. App. E.D. 2005). “If the
circuit court does not have jurisdiction, then we do not acquire jurisdiction except to dismiss the
appeal.” Id.
Under Rule 67.02(a)(2), “a civil action may be dismissed by the plaintiff without order of
the court anytime . . . [i]n cases tried without a jury, prior to the introduction of evidence at the
trial.” In this case, the Collector was entitled to voluntarily dismiss the land tax suit with prejudice
pursuant to Rule 67.02(a)(2). The circuit court’s order setting aside the default judgment
effectively put the parties back in the exact position they were in prior to the circuit court entering
the default judgment. Thus, the Collector’s voluntary dismissal was filed before the introduction
of evidence at trial and expressly applied to the dismissal with prejudice of all claims. “Once all
such claims have been so dismissed, the case is over and nothing remains before the [circuit] court
upon which it can act.” Samland v. J. White Transp. Co., Inc., 675 S.W.2d 92, 97 (Mo. App. W.D.
1984); Stearns Bank N.A., 182 S.W.3d at 626. Therefore, the circuit court lost jurisdiction on
February 26, 2016, the date the Collector filed the voluntary dismissal. See Freeman v. Leader
Nat’l Ins. Co., 58 S.W.3d 590, 595 (Mo. App. E.D. 2001). Accordingly, because the circuit court
lacks jurisdiction, we too lack jurisdiction on appeal.
5
In Bradford’s response to Kelly’s motion to dismiss, he asserts section 92.845 3 authorizes
this Court to entertain his appeal. Section 92.845 provides, in pertinent part: “The collector or any
interested person or anyone on behalf of any disabled person as defined in chapter 475, RSMo,
may appeal from the judgment confirming or disapproving the sheriff’s sale and the distribution
made thereafter . . . .” (emphasis added). Bradford argues he is the tax sale purchaser and, thus, is
an “interested person.” On this point, we agree. However, Bradford further argues he has a right
to appeal the circuit court’s judgment setting aside the default judgment because it “disapproves”
the sheriff’s sale. We find this argument is without merit.
In order to understand the plain meaning of “disapproving the sheriff’s sale,” we must look
to section 92.840, a corollary statute to section 92.845 within the Municipal Land Reutilization
Law for the City of St. Louis. Section 92.840.1 provides that after the Sheriff sells a parcel of
property, the court shall set a hearing to confirm the foreclosure sale of the real estate. Section
92.840.2 provides, in pertinent, that at the confirmation hearing
[I]f the court finds that adequate consideration has been paid, he shall confirm the
sale . . . . If the court finds that the consideration paid is inadequate, the purchaser
may increase his bid to such amount as the court may deem to be adequate,
whereupon the court may confirm the sale. If, however, the purchaser declines to
increase his bid and make such additional payment, then the sale shall be
disapproved . . . .
In this case, the court did not disapprove the Sheriff’s sale because the court never held a
confirmation hearing at which it found the consideration paid by Bradford was inadequate. While
the court held a hearing on January 7, 2016, the hearing was limited to Kelly’s motion to set
aside, and the court only heard testimony from Kelly. Moreover, at the end of the hearing, the
court stated, “Earlier I said we are going to move into the confirmation. But that, to me, seems
premature . . . . [I]f I am going to set it aside, then I won’t need to do confirmation. If I am going
3
All further statutory references are to RSMo 2000, unless otherwise indicated.
6
to confirm it, then we will do it at that time . . . .” The court took Kelly’s motion under submission
and set the confirmation hearing for a later date. Accordingly, we find the court’s judgment
setting aside the default judgment is not a judgment “disapproving the sheriff’s sale,” and thus
this appeal is not authorized by section 92.845.
Conclusion
Therefore, we dismiss this appeal based on lack of jurisdiction.
____________________________________
Angela T. Quigless, P.J.
Robert G. Dowd, Jr., J., and
Lisa S. Van Amburg, J., Concur.
7
| 2023-10-10T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/6400 |
Q:
Image of NSView with background
I'm trying to get an image of a view, so I can put it in a NSImageView.
I'm using NSViews bitmapImageRepForCachingDisplayInRect: method.
However, this method does only return the contents of the view, without background of the window.
How can I get the image of the whole view, as it looks on the screen, with background-color etc.?
Current Code
- (NSImage *)imageOfView:(NSView *)view {
NSBitmapImageRep* rep = [view bitmapImageRepForCachingDisplayInRect:view.bounds];
[view cacheDisplayInRect:view.frame toBitmapImageRep:rep];
return [[NSImage alloc] initWithCGImage:[rep CGImage] size:view.bounds.size];
}
A:
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/* Get the index for the chosen display from the CGDirectDisplayID array. */
NSInteger displaysIndex = [menuItem tag];
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CGImageRef image = CGDisplayCreateImage(displays[displaysIndex]);
| 2023-09-19T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/6079 |
Deciding whether or not to accept the challenge to fight an Asshole™ shouldn’t be difficult—whether you’re facing an Asshole™ or an actual asshole, every instinct should tell you to get the hell out of there. Of course, sometimes the Asshole™ seems like the only thing standing between you and justice, so before you go “mano a anus,” consider the validity of your anger, the likelihood of ancillary damage and cost, and the value of whatever it is you hope to win. Then, whether you’re the one who must do the fighting or just counseling someone else, you’ll come up with a strategy for either fighting or fleeing that will have the least-shitty results.
–Dr. Lastname
My father died recently and my unmarried younger sister still lives in the family house with our elderly mother who is now struggling with memory loss. Over the years we have been a dysfunctional family with a lot of sibling rivalry, and my brother and I find our sister argumentative and difficult. Being around her for any length of time involves walking on eggshells and she and our mother have a turbulent relationship although she is her favorite child. My parents’ will states we will all benefit equally upon our mother’s death but now our sister is trying to emotionally blackmail us into pledging the house to her. She feels that she deserves it as she is the main caregiver. However, she has been supported by her for years and has always been hesitant to find work. We find it distasteful to be arguing about money with our mother still living and our father deceased just weeks ago. My brother and I are both happy to inherit our fair share when the time comes but worry that our sister will syphon off the funds my mother has and expect to keep the house as well. We feel like vultures in wait and do not wish for bitterness or conflict but our sister is often unreasonable and bombastic and we have problems of our own. My goal is to find a way to withstand manipulation and protect our interests without causing our mother’s remaining time to be made unhappy and stressful.
The feeling of unfairness is like the emotional salt in the psychic wound left by loss. After all, it never feels fair when you lose someone you love, but having that pain exacerbated by an Asshole™ sibling adds extra sting to the agony.
It’s hard to avoid becoming paralyzed by that pain, as well as guilt over the anguish you could cause your mother by arguing with your sister. Before you go to war with your sister, however, give thought to whether winning a victory would be meaningful, or even possible, given her Asshole™ tendencies.
Your sister is being totally unfair and unreasonable, but as with mortality itself, there’s a point when you have to lay down arms and give in to the inevitable. WAIT! There is more to read… read on »
Protectiveness isn’t just a noble family virtue, but a likely evolution-driven behavior, instilled in us to insure the survival of the family genome (or at least another generation of helicopter Neanderthals). Unfortunately, the urge to protect is also usually emotion-driven, thus making it liable to backfire. It’s not unusual then, especially when it comes to your fellow genome holders, for you to have to protect yourself from someone’s misguided protectiveness, protect someone you care about from their own protection-driven behaviors, or both. So use careful reasoning to determine when protection is possible, when it’s not, and when it’s likely to do more harm than good. You’ll actually become a good protector if you react less to feelings and more to what’s truly best for your family’s future.
–Dr. Lastname
My father is well-meaning but a little loopy, especially now that he’s older, and somehow he got it into his head that my wife is cheating on me with a handsome, younger co-worker. In reality, my wife and I are very happy, and we like and occasionally socialize with this co-worker and his husband, but clearly, it ends there. Still, every time dad visits he gives my wife dirty looks and tries to take me aside to tell me I can’t trust her. She and I used to laugh about it, but now that my dad’s been harping on this bullshit for over a year, it’s starting to get on our nerves and our kids, while young, are starting to suspect that grandpa’s upset about something and want to know what it is. I’ve tried to reassure my father that it’s just in his imagination and to keep it there, but he can’t stop. My goal is to figure out a way my father can spend time with my family without causing my wife pain and upsetting the kids.
Keeping the peace within a family isn’t always easy; it’s hard under your own roof, but even harder when you’re running interference between the family you’ve created and the family that created you. Sometimes, however, the efforts required to keep everyone happy aren’t just doomed to failure, but to make you (and others) miserable.
Your natural instinct is to work harder and try to meet everyone’s needs—your wife and kids, your job, your misguided old man—but there are times when the demands become impossible, and instead of dedicating boundless energy towards making things work, you have to create boundaries and instruct others to work around them. WAIT! There is more to read… read on »
People often try to drum up motivation in the disheartened by repeating the old saying about how even the longest journey begins with a single step. Remember, however, that, whatever your destination, you must also find the right way to get there; there are bad ways to do good things and vice versa, but if your goal or method is off, you’re going to end up stuck. In other words, don’t set out for righteousness in ill-fitting shoes or take a speed-hybrid on the road to ruin. Instead of assuming that the quality of your motivation determines the effectiveness of your methods, evaluate them on their own merit. That’s the true first step you have to take before the journey even begins.
–Dr. Lastname
I’m well established as a leader in my department with an impeccable sales record, so I was shook up when our VP suddenly told me he wanted to redistribute some of my accounts to a guy who’s junior to me, and then later promoted him over me to senior administration. While I’ve always gotten along well with my co-workers, I’ve also felt that I’ve been treated a little differently at work because I’m a woman (and one of few), but I’d never been able to put my finger on any specific discrimination until now. I met briefly with someone in HR to ask about this guy’s promotion over me, and he immediately got defensive and accused me of being difficult. Realizing that even approaching the subject of possible sexism would probably make things worse, I instead put together a detailed report for the VP on how taking me away from my regular accounts may decrease sales, but that did nothing but reinforce my “difficult” reputation. I’m clearly being discriminated against, but I’m more helpless and angrier than ever. My simple goal is to be treated fairly.
Getting fair treatment is always a dangerous goal, particularly when you have very good reason to believe you’ve been treated unfairly; even in battles over basic rights, victories are rare, hard-won and sometimes require involvement by the Supreme Court.
No matter how black and white your dispute may seem, you still have little control over how others treat and react to you; most administrators regard accusations of unfairness as a personal insult and potential legal attack. Sometimes, love wins, but more often, fear does. WAIT! There is more to read… read on »
At this point in history, when China, North Korea, and the St. Louis Cardinals are out to steal our classified information, it’s hard not to feel a little paranoid a lot of the time. While the healthy kind of suspicion that used to alert us to danger in the jungle now alerts us to possible identity theft, the unhealthy kind spams our brains with plenty of false alerts and often makes us miserable. So if you find yourself excessively afraid, don’t panic about your panic. Do your own investigation, in your own way, and then do what’s necessary to protect yourself. Then you can learn to ignore false worry and focus on the important threats (the Cardinals) instead.
–Dr. Lastname
I recently went through an airport screening and got pulled aside for an extra exam. As I waited while the hand swabbing was being processed, a security officer took a long time looking at her computer. Strictly for security purposes, she said, ever since 9/11. Afterwards, I found myself becoming paranoid about whether the government was spying on me, and whether it might include the IRS, FBI, etc. The security area is always being filmed. Now I have a desire to complain to the government about my treatment and the suspicious way they handled me. Common sense says to let it go, but that is what nice people always do. My goal is to figure out whether my common sense should prevail.
We like to think we don’t get paranoid without good reason; as Kurt Cobain once said, “Just because you’re paranoid doesn’t mean they aren’t after you.” On the other hand, the scariest forces conspiring against him turned out to be in his own head.
Like pop culture phenomena and the mythology of dead rock stars, feelings of being watched and plotted against, once triggered, take on a life of their own.
Paranoid thoughts are probably part of a neurological reaction that’s most likely triggered by some situation that is traumatic, spooky, or hard to explain. Once started, however, paranoid feelings don’t stop, no matter how sure you are that the only thing after you is your shadow. WAIT! There is more to read… read on »
While the old saying may be that the best way to make God laugh is to make a plan, there is something to be said for preparedness in the face of uncertainty. Of course, if you’re very nervous, you’ll never feel prepared enough, and if you’re unaware of the real dangers, you’ll risk becoming overconfident. So learn how to be open to doubt when you have a problem to manage. You may not feel as passionately certain about your position, but you’re more likely to be persuasive while side-stepping conflict and making a Higher Power giggle.
–Dr. Lastname
After several years of separation, I am now negotiating a divorce settlement to secure my future. My ex has a history of dishonesty and is with a woman who resents his long history with me and uses ultimatums and pressure to influence his rather weak behavior. We are on reasonable terms, however, and I have learned to disengage and put aside strong emotions in my dealings with him. He is all for settling by mediation but I feel vulnerable as trust is lacking and I need to get a good deal here. I am having an experienced divorce lawyer advise me through the mediation process with a back up plan of asking him to take over if I am unhappy with the progress. I am meeting with my lawyer soon and then must negotiate with my ex regarding dividing our assets and dismantling the legal side of our long marriage, and I’m not absolutely confident that my ex and I will be able to get through the process without a lot of unnecessary and destructive hostility. My goal here is to find a way to focus on a secure future, to protect myself from being ripped off and to avoid falling into the trap of high conflict/low resolution angry exchange that was my default setting in the marriage.
When entering a hostile negotiation, it’s always tempting to, in the words of Bull Durham, “assert your presence with authority.” And it might feel smart to set the tone that you’re tough and won’t be fucked with, but more often it makes the other person think that you’re so tough, you’re about to fuck with him, and it’s all downhill from there.
It’s natural to be nervous, but it’s more important to remind yourself of all the smart things you’ve done to keep this process from getting ugly. Or to at least keep an ugly process from becoming a disaster. WAIT! There is more to read… read on »
The best way to test someone’s ability may be to put them in a high pressure situation—a mock trial, dinner with a spouse’s divorced parents, Kobayashi Maru, etc.—but the best way to test their character is to see how much responsibility they’re willing to take for things if they go horribly wrong. The ability to read and take criticism depends far more on personality traits and reflex than reason and judgment; that’s why Assholes are amazingly good at pinning responsibility on other people (which is why therapy usually has so little to offer) and nice people are good at figuring out how they caused it to rain. In any case, if you judge yourself as you would anyone else, you’re more likely to use logic rather than instinct. Then you can figure out whether you owe an apology or not, and to whom, and others can figure out whether you’re solid enough to grant a second chance.
–Dr. Lastname
I’m usually OK with being single and childless—I’ve had some bad relationships that were far worse than being single, so being independent seems like a fine alternative, and kids will come when I’m ready. When I look at Facebook on Mother’s Day, however, and see pictures of my friends looking all happy with their kids and happy little families, I start to get depressed and hate myself. I’m sure that part of the problem is that my own mother died a couple years ago. My goal is to figure out why the happiness of others makes me feel like such a loser.
Mother’s Day, like weddings, birthdays (including that of Jesus Christ), and all other days that celebrate someone with gift giving, are usually doomed to cause as much pain as pleasure, and sometimes more.
The intention is to make someone feel appreciated and loved by giving them time, love, and shit they don’t need, but it often winds up making more people, including the honoree, feel worse by forcing them to consider all the time, love, and shit they don’t have. WAIT! There is more to read… read on »
Humans have long struggled to control strong emotions—to put limits on our heart’s desires or angry thirst for justice—but those emotions can become even more dangerous when they push us to try to control other people. You may want to control someone because you love him, or you may hate someone because she’s trying to control you, but in any battle for control, be it over passions, loved ones, or central Asia, there are very few victories. If you can tolerate those urges without allowing them to drive your priorities and control your mouth, however, you can avoid an epic struggle. You might not be in control, but at least you’ll be free.
–Dr. Lastname
My stepfather recently went to the doctor and got diagnosed with pre-diabetes and some other things. This means that he would have to stop drinking and smoking. It’s been a month or two since then though and he hasn’t done a thing. I feel so angry and scared for him whenever I see him making a drink or smoking because it’s like he’s just pretending it will go away. Some of his logic is that some people smoke and drink for years and they live to be 90, but his parents deal with some pretty life-threatening health risks. I think to myself, “doesn’t he realize how serious these issues can get?” I talked to my mother about it and she says that he said he won’t give up drinking entirely, if at all. I feel so incensed because he is making us watch him ruin his body and his health. I know it would be hard for him but I feel like he should just suck it up, because if he doesn’t want to do it for himself, shouldn’t he be doing it for us? We’ve talked to him about it and he just blows us off. I think he is an alcoholic and I don’t know what to do. I can barely look at him but I want to help him. I don’t think he will ever admit to his problem and he won’t ever go get help for it. My goal is to figure out a plan because I can’t stand to see him kill himself like this.
When you share a strong bond with someone, you don’t just have feelings for them, but with them; it’s hard to watch someone you love suffering because, when you really care about him, you’ll experience his suffering, as well. The pain you feel if you lose him, however, will be yours to bear alone.
Trying to steer him away from possible distress, however, often makes your own distress worse, because you can’t control his decisions, addictions, or decisions about addictions, and pushing usually causes push back. You can share each other’s pain, even if it comes from accidentally hurting each other. WAIT! There is more to read… read on »
Unlike territorial boundaries, which are marked on maps, with road signs, or even—looking at you Canada—guarded by polite-yet-firm officers in fun hats, interpersonal boundaries are often much more ambiguous and rarely agreed upon. Still, people who worry about invisible boundaries and try in vain to locate them are more likely to blame themselves for an apparent violation, whereas people who don’t notice even well-marked boundaries are likely to blame the guards that reprimands them. Before you become your own, impolite border patrol, get a good idea of what boundaries you think are reasonable, whether you’ve respected them, and whether your can stay on course or rethink your maps in the future.
–Dr. Lastname
I can’t stop wondering what I could have done to keep my roommate from angrily breaking our lease at the last minute. He claims it was impossible to live with me because I was a shitty roommate who stayed up too late Skyping with my girlfriend in the living room and making noise (she’s working overseas for six months and the wifi sucks in my room, so it was fairly unavoidable). If I’d known that we were being loud or bothering him, I would have immediately searched for an alternative, but I really didn’t know he could hear us. And I tried to keep quiet anyway, wore headphones, and was always PG when he was home, but it obviously didn’t work. I knew he might have been bothered about something, but the first time he told me what he was pissed off about was when he told me he was leaving in two weeks. I feel like a jerk for what I’ve done, but I’m also terrified about finding someone new so I can still afford to live here. My goal is to figure out what I did wrong so it doesn’t happen again.
Roommate dynamics are often tricky, especially in situations where the only thing you have in common with the person you share your most personal space with is the inability to afford your own apartment.
Even so, when someone whom you’ve lived with departs on bad terms, it’s hard not to feel as if you’ve failed, even if they’re a near-stranger whom you don’t like very much and wouldn’t spend time with in any other context.
Most conflicts in roommate situations arise from the fact that parties often assume that their boundaries are the norm and are thus universally understood and respected, despite the fact that people’s ideas of what’s appropriate in a living space can vary wildly, e.g., some people don’t mind sharing their food while others believe in separate, padlocked fridges. WAIT! There is more to read… read on »
It’s not great to be a parent who is effective at doing the wrong thing any more than it is to be ineffective at doing the right thing; there’s no job out there with less correlation between effort and results, and with such high stakes besides. Yes, you should get credit for good intentions, even when they get you nowhere, and get away from bad intentions, especially when they get you and/or your kids into trouble. Usually, however, when your goals and methods are realistic and helpful, you have a better chance of accomplishing them and getting the job done.
–Dr. Lastname
My daughter is about to graduate from a very impressive college after getting great grades, and I’m very proud of her, but I can’t understand why she’s not trying to look for a good job or a reasonable career. Instead, she wants to defend the downtrodden, so she’s looking for work for an NGO in a troubled part of the world or trying to get an internship with the Innocence Project. She’s had a privileged childhood and a great education she didn’t have to pay for—but that I had to work hard to pay for, thanks very much—so I tell her she should be thinking about using her advantages to get ahead and make a future for herself, rather than worrying about people who’ve had all the bad luck I’ve protected her from. My goal is to get her to take care of herself rather than putting herself at risk for the sake of people she’s got nothing in common with.
Aside from the fact that you believe in pulling yourself up by your bootstraps and your daughter is drawn to helping the downtrodden, you’ve got some reason to worry about the risks of her young idealism.
Her heart is in the right place, but her desired work may take her to the kinds of scary places filled with the scary people you feel you’ve worked hard to protect her from.
In addition, you know that life in this country doesn’t provide much of a safety net, so your daughter’s future security will depend a great deal on her ability to find a good job and save money. In other words, if she doesn’t use the advantages you’ve given her to find a lucrative career, she might end up downtrodden herself. WAIT! There is more to read… read on »
Unless you’re a GPS, a chess robot, or a politician, it’s likely that, when it comes to relationships, passion motivates your decision-making more than strategic interests. That’s why we want to reward betrayal with rejection and neediness with nurturing; unfortunately, we forget that caring for and managing our own lives are our primary responsibilities, as well as far more under our control. So put reactive feelings aside until you’ve decided what is most likely to meet your self-responsibilities; that will usually be the more meaningful, most carefully plotted course of action, in the long run, than reacting to what’s been done to you.
–Dr. Lastname
I owe my mentor a huge amount—he stuck by me through a long period of unemployment and repeatedly wrote me terrific recommendations—and I thought I’d landed in heaven when he finally arranged for me to work directly for him doing large-company sales, which is what I’ve always wanted, at a time when I needed work more than ever since my youngest daughter got sick. So I was shocked to discover that, once I started working for him, he was often belittling, critical, and frequently humiliating. I’ve asked around (discretely, of course) and found out that other people also think he’s often overbearing and mean; he’s actually been spoken to about it, but he’s so good at what he does that no one is going to fire him. I guess I should feel better that his treatment isn’t personal, but it still feels like a bit of a betrayal to have this man who’s always given me so much support become a source of daily opposition. So my goal is to figure out what to do with him and this job.
Don’t let yourself be distracted by your feelings for what must feel like a betrayal; yes, you should stand up for yourself and you have a right to feel hurt and furious, but standing up for yourself doesn’t mean standing up to anyone else.
That’s an oxymoronic idea that makes your feelings for an abusive Asshole more important than your own values and strategic goals, and thus makes you a slave to their Asshole-ishness. Just because he hurts your feelings doesn’t mean you have to let him hurt your career.
Your goal then isn’t to figure out what to do with your nasty mentor—his views and behavior don’t even matter to management—but to figure out what’s best for yourself, your sick kid, your healthy kids, etc. WAIT! There is more to read… read on » | 2023-10-10T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/3660 |
[Nonsyndromic hereditary deafness genes research progress and related databases].
Deafness is the most prevalent sensory system impairment of human, and 70% of genetic deafness belongs to nonsyndromic hearing impairment. The total number of genes involved in nonsyndromic hereditary deafness has been estimated to above 100. So far, approximate 80 loci have been mapped to human chromosome, and 23 genes have been identified. In this article,these 23 genes were summarized systematically and some databases about hereditary deafness were provided for reference. | 2024-03-07T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/7512 |
The Jat people are considered to be the merged descendants of Indo-Aryans, Indo-Scythian tribes of the region, merging to form the Jat people.[8]
An uninformed view is that Jat is a farmer-caste (caste = social group) but Jat is really a race (race = ethnic group). Only a subset of the over 900 million farmers in south Asia are Jats. There are specific Jat DNA markers in the genetic profile, as highlighted in the Jat Genetics section.
The Jat people follow different faiths and are engaged in different professions. They have a discrete and distinct cultural history that can be historically traced back to ancient times.[9][10]
The Jat people were designated by the British Empire as a Martial Race. Martial Races were races & peoples that were naturally warlike and aggressive in battle, and possess qualities like courage, loyalty, self sufficiency, physical strength, resilience, orderliness, hard working, fighting tenacity and military strategy. The British Empire recruited heavily from these Martial Races for service in their Armies. A strategy that is still used today (21st century) in Armies of South Asian countries e.g. The famous Jat Regiment & the Gurkhas.
It would be relevant to know the core concepts of Jat people, their culture and history. Read Learning Jat people's history to understand why Jat people regard it is so important to understand their culture and history.
A large number of Jats have served in the Indian Army and Pakistan Army, including in the Jat Regiment, Sikh Regiment, Rajputana Rifles and the Grenadiers, where they have won many of the highest military awards for gallantry and bravery. The Jat Regiment is one of the longest serving and most decorated infantry regiments of the Indian Army[22] having won 24 battle honours between 1839 and 1947, along with numerous decorations of individual members.[23] Jat people in the Pakistan Army, especially in the Punjab Regiment (Pakistan), have also been highly decorated and won medals of the highest orders or bravery.
The Jat people are one of the most prosperous groups in India on a per-capita basis (Punjab, Haryana, and Gujarat are the wealthiest of Indian states).[24] Traditionally they have been a predominant political class in Punjab.[25]
South Asian map distribution of Jat people. Jat people, in South Asia, are mostly concentrated in the greater Punjab region
The census in 1931 in India recorded population on the basis of ethnicity. In 1925, according to Professor Qanungo[26] the population of Jatts was around nine million in South Asia and was made up of followers of three major religions as shown below.
Religion
Jat Population %
Hinduism
47%
Sikhism
20%
Islam
33%
Professor B.S. Dhillon, states by taking population statistical analysis into consideration the Jatt population growth of both India and Pakistan since 1925, Professor Quanungo's figure of nine million could be translated into a minimum population statistic (1988) of 30 million.[27]
According to earlier census reports, the Jati or Jat people accounted for approximately 25% of the entire Sindhi-Punjabi speaking area, making it the one of "largest single socially distinctive group" in the region.[28]
Hukum Singh Pawar (Pauria) states, adequate statistics about Jat people population are available in the Census Report of India of 1931, which is the last and the most comprehensive source of information on the Jat people, who were estimated to be approximately ten million in number at that time.[29] From 1931 to 1988 the estimated increase in the Jat people population of the Indian subcontinent
including Pakistan respectively is 3.5% Hindu, 3.5% Sikh and 4.0% Muslim.[30] Dr Sukhbir Singh estimates that the population of Hindu Jatts, numbered at 2,210,945 in the 1931 census, rose to about 7,738,308 by 1988, whereas Muslim Jatts, numbered at 3,287,875 in 1931, would have risen to about 13,151,500 in 1988. The total population of Jatts was given as 8,406,375 in 1931, and estimated to have been about 31,066,253 in 1988.
The region-wise break-up of the total Jatt people population (including the Jat Hindu, Jat Sikh and Jat Muslim) is given in the following table. The Jat people, approximately 73%, are located mainly in the Punjab region:[31]
Military & Political People
A Jat Infantry Soldier
A large number of Jatt people serve in the Indian Army, including the Jat Regiment, Sikh Regiment, Rajputana Rifles and the Grenadiers, where they have won many of the highest military awards for gallantry and bravery. Jat people also serve in the Pakistan Army especially in the Punjab Regiment, where they have also been highly decorated. The Jat Regiment is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army, it is one of the longest serving and most decorated regiments of the Indian Army[32]. The regiment has won 19 battle honours between 1839 to 1947[33] and post independence 5 battle honours, eight Mahavir Chakra, eight Kirti Chakra, 32 Shaurya Chakras, 39 Vir Chakras and 170 Sena medals[34]
Major Hoshiar Singh of Rohtak won the Paramvir Chakra during Indo-Pak war of 1971. Rohtak district, which has a high density of Jat people, has the distinction of producing the highest number of Victoria Cross winners of any district in India.
A WW1 (1914-1918) Jat Army Officer's Brass Button - from the famous 9th Jat Regiment an elite-fighting Unit of the Jat Regiment
The Jat people were designated by British officials as a "Martial Race". "Martial Race" was a designation created by officials of British India to describe "races" (peoples) that were thought to be naturally warlike and aggressive in battle, and to possess qualities like courage, loyalty, self sufficiency, physical strength, resilience, orderliness, hard working, fighting tenacity and military strategy. The British recruited heavily from these Martial Races for service in the colonial army.[35]
Traditionally they have dominated as the political class in Punjab.[36]
A number of Jat people belonging to the political classes have produced many political leaders, including the 6th Prime Minister of India, Prime Minister Chaudhary Charan Singh. Moreover, there have been many Jat Kings and warriors throughout history.[37]
The Jat people are one of the most prosperous groups in India on a per-capita basis (Punjab, Haryana, and Gujarat are the wealthiest of Indian states).[38]
According to Maheswari Prasad of Banaras Hindu University, Jats belong to the Proto-Vedic Aryan stock. But being on the periphery of Madhyadesha, the cradle of Vedic culture, they did not undergo the social transformation on the line of varna system and monarchial political organizaion. The power of decision-making remained with elders and clan organizations.[58]
The Sinsinwar Jat rulers of Bharatpur have been recorded as Yadav, by Prakash Chandra Chandawat.[59] Historian U. N. Sharma has mentioned the chronology of Krishna, in which starting from Sindhupal in 64th generation of Krishna to Bharatpur ruler Maharaja Brijendra Singh (1929-1948), all the rulers are mentioned as Yaduvanshi Jats.[60] Sidhu Jats are also Bhattis in origin, and thus Yaduvanshi in origin.
Professor B. S. Dhillon states that Jat people are mainly of Indo-Scythian lineage with composite mixing of Sarmatians, Goths & Jutes in History and study of the Jats. Historian James Tod agreed in considering the Jat people to be of Indo-Scythian Stock.[61] Moreover, Sir Alexander Cunningham, Former Director-General of the Archeological Survey of India, considered the Jat people to be the Xanthii (a Scythian tribe) of Scythian stock who he considered very likely called the Zaths (Jats) of early Arab writers.[62] He stated "their name is found in Northern India from the beginning of the Christian era." These people were considered by early Arab writers to have descended from Meds and Zaths.[63][64] Sir Cunningham believes they "were in full possession of the valley of the Indus towards the end of the seventh century.[65]The Kipling Society has certified and advocated that, "The Rajputs proper were of mixed origin – pre-Muslim invaders such as Scythians, Bactrians, Parthians, Hunas and Gurjaras who came in before, say, the end of the 7th century."[66]
Sir Alexander Cunningham, (Former Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India) wrote: The Xanthii (a Scythian tribe) are very probably the Zaths (Jats) of the early Arab writers. As the Zaths were in Sindh to the west of the Indus, this location agrees very well with what we know of the settlement of the Sakas (Scythians) on the Indian frontier.[67]
Sir John Marshall, (Former Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India) wrote: "These Scythian invaders came principally from the three great tribes of Massagetae (great Jats), Sacaraucae, and Dahae (still exists as a Jat clan of Punjab)[68], whose home at the beginning of the second century B.C. was in the country between the Caspian sea (sea) and the Jaxartes river (Central Asia).[69]
Arthur Edward Barstow wrote: "Greeks of Bactria (partly modern Afghanistan), expelled by the hordes of Scythians, entered India in the second and first centuries BC and are said to have penetrated as far as Orissa (an Indian province in south-east). Meanwhile the Medii, Xanthii, Jatii, Getae and other Scythian races, were gradually working their way from the banks of the Oxus(River valley in Central Asia) into Southern Afghanistan and the pastoral highland about Quetta(a Pakistani city), whence they forced their way by the Bolan Pass, through the Sulaiman Mountains into India, settling in the Punjab about the beginning of the first century AD. It is from these Scythian immigrants that most of the Jat tribes are at any rate partly descended."[70]
A. H. Bingley wrote: "It is from these Scythian Immigrants that most of the Jat tribes are at any rate partly descended."[71]
Professor Joyce Pettigrew wrote: "Another view holds that the Jats came from Asia Minor and Armenia in the successive invasions during the period 600 B.C. to A.D. 600."[72]
Professor Henry Smith Williams wrote: "The extent of the Scythian invasion has been variously estimated. Some scholars believe that they virtually supplanted the previous population of India (means Punjab), and there seems little doubt that by far the most numerous section of the Punjab population is of Scythian origin."[73]
Professor Pritam Singh Gill wrote: "There is a general concensus of opinion that Jats, and with them Rajputs and Gujjars were foreigners who came from their original home, near the Oxus, Central Asia."[74]
Professor Tadeusz Sulimirski wrote: "The evidence of both the ancient authors and the archaeological remains point to a massive migration of Sacian (Sakas)/Massagetan ("great" Jat) tribes from the Syr Daria Delta (Central Asia) by the middle of the second century B.C. Some of the Syr Darian tribes; they also invaded North India."[75]
Horace Arthur Rose wrote: "Many of the Jat tribes of the Punjab have customs which apparently point to non-Aryan origin. Suffice it to say that both Sir Alexander Cunningham and Colonel Tod agreed in considering the Jats to be of Indo-Scythian Stock. The former identified them with the Zanthi of Strabo (Greek Geographer of the ancient times) and the Jatii of Pliny (Roman writer) and Ptolemy(Another Greek Geographer of the ancient times); and held that they probably entered the Punjab from their home on the Oxus (in Central Asia) very shortly after the Meds or Mands (still exist as one of the Jat clans of the Punjab), who also were Indo-Scythians, and who moved into the Punjab about a century before Christ."[76]
Sir Henry Miers Elliot wrote: "These ignorant tribes (Jats) pointing to the remote Ghazni (Afghanistan) as their original seat, the very spot we know to have been occupied by the Yuechi, or, as Klaproth says, more correctly, Yuti, in the first centuries of our era, after the Sakas(a Scythian tribe) were repelled back from the frontiers of India, and left the country between India and Persia open for their occupation. The Jat tribes not doubt emigrated, no at all once, but at different times, and it is probable that those in the North-West are among the latest importations."[77]
I. Sara wrote: "Recent excavations in the Ukraine and Crimea. The finds points to the visible links of the Jat and Scythians."[78]
C. J. Daniell wrote: "Jats, who describe their ancestors as being immigrants from the west."[79]
James Francis Katherinus Hewitt wrote: "Further evidence both of the early history and origin of the race of Jats, or Getae, is given by the customs and geographical position of another tribe of the same stock, called the Massagetae, or great (massa) Getae."[82]
Sir George Fletcher MacMunn(Sir and Lt. General) wrote: "Alexander came to India in his capacity as the holder of the Persian throne. From his camp near Kabul (Afghanistan), the Macedonian (Alexander) summoned those chiefs whom Skylax (Persian general) had conquered in the old time afore, to come and renew their homage to their ancient Persian overlord in the person of himself. Several obeyed his summons, others did not, and it has been surmised that those who did were later arrivals, of Jat or Scythian origin, outside the normal Aryan fold as later comers to India."[83]
Syed Muhammad Latif wrote: "A considerable portion of the routed army of the Scythians settled in the Punjab, and a race of them, called Nomardy, inhabited the country on the west bank of the Indus (river). They are described as a nomadic tribe, living in wooden houses, after the old Scythian fashion, and settling where they found sufficient pasturage. A portion of these settlers, the descendants of Massagetae, were called Getes, from whom sprung the modern Jats."[84]
Dr. Gopal Singh wrote: "The Jats of the Panjab, are Scythians in origin and came from Central Asia, whose one branch migrated as far south in Europe as Bulgaria. "[85]
N. Singh wrote: "The Scythians appear to originate from Central Asia. They reached Punjab between 50 B.C. and A.D. 50. It seems probable that the Scythian ancestors of the Jats entered the Sindh Valley (presently in Pakistan Kashmir) between 100 B.C. and A.D. 100."[86]
Satya Shrava wrote: "The Jats are none other than the Massagetae (Great Getae) mentioned in Diodorus as an off-spring of the ancient Saka tribe.... a fact now well-known."[87]
B. S. Nijjar wrote: "The Jats are the descendants of Scythians, whose kingdom's capital was Scythia, in the present Ukraine (Ukrainian), Soviet Social Republic, is the constituent Republic of the European USSR (Population 49,757,000) in 1947. Now Ukraine's capital is Kiev, the third leading city in Russia. Before the invasion of the golden herd, 13th century B.C. Scythian, ancient kingdom of indeterminate boundaries, centered in the area north of the Black Sea."[88]
Arnold Joseph Toynbee, also wrote: "It had been carried from the Oxus-Jaxartes Basin into the Indus Basin by the Massagetae themselves, together with their tribal name (the Jats), in their Volkerwander- ung in the second century BC"[94]
Jat People Genetics
A recent study of the people of Indian Punjab, where about 40% or more of the population are Jat people, strongly shows that the Jat people are Indo-Scythians.[102] The study involved a genealogical DNA test which examined single nucleotide polymorphisms (mutations in a single DNA "letter") on the Y chromosome (which occurs only in males).
Jats share many common haplotypes with Ukrainian people, Germanic people, Slavic people, Baltic peoples, Iranian people, and Central Asian groups.[103] This strongly indicates they originate from near or in Ukraine.[104] It found Jat people share only two haplotypes, one of which is also shared with the population of present-day Turkish people, and have few matches with neighbouring Pakistani populations.[105] This haplotype shared between the two Jat groups may be part of an Indo-Aryan (or Indo-European people) genetic contribution to these populations, where as the haplotypes shared with other Eurasian populations is due to the strong DNA contributions of Indo-European Scythians (Saka, Massagetae) and White Huns.[106] The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) female DNA, Jats contain haplogroups typical of Northern India, Pakistan, and West Asia. This indicates that for the female mtDNA, there is very little connection with Central Asian and northwest European populations, even though Jats share many Y-SNP markers with these populations. Therefore, this DNA Study proves that there has been male DNA into the Jat people from UkrainianScythians (Saka, Massagetae) and White Huns.[107]
Definition of Jat Status in Jat Blood Law
The status of being a Jat is defined by the Jat blood (DNA) of the Father and mother of the offspring (Children). The Scythians warriors that invaded the Haryana & Punjab region and India in general were men (males). Each one of them took native women as wives. The children produced from that joining were the first Jats. The Status of being a Jat in Jat Blood Law is decided by the father's Jat blood (the DNA Y chromosome of the father being from Central Asia). If a Jat Man marries a Jat Woman in Jat Blood Law the children from that marriage are given Full Jat status (100% Jat) by Jat Blood Laws. If a Jat Man marries a Non-Jat Woman in Jat Blood Law the children from that marriage are given Half Jat status (50% Jat) by Jat Tribal Blood Laws. If a Jat Woman marries a Non-Jat Man in Jat Blood Law the children from that marriage are given No Jat status (0% Jat) by Jat Blood Laws.
Father
Mother
Child Status (%)
Jat
Jat
Full Jat (100 %)
Jat
Non-Jat
Half Jat (50 %)
Non-Jat
Jat
Non-Jat (0 %)
Non-Jat
Non-Jat
Non-Jat (0 %)
Note: Historically and currently, Pure Jats (Full Jats) are commanded by Jat Law to marry other Pure Jats (Full Jats) to prevent their future offspring (children) losing Full Jat Status and losing (DNA) blood membership of the Jat community. Once blood membership of the Jat community is lost by becoming Half Jat (50 % Jat) or Non-Jat (0 % Jat), it is impossible for future descendents (e.g. grandchildren or great grandchildren) to ever become Jat again (100 %). Historically, Half Jats (50 % Jat) have found it very difficult for themselves to be accepted for marriage by Jat families (100 % Jat families). A decision to marry outside of the Jat community is PERMANENT (DNA) blood wise and can NEVER be undone for any potential children of that individual. Therefore, marrying outside of one's Jat community is almost never done due to the seriousness of the outcome.
Linguistic and Religious Etymology of Jat
The Linguistic and Religious Etymology about the origin of the word, 'Jat' is that it finds mention in most ancient Indian literature like Mahabharata and Rig Veda.
Jat historian Thakur Deshraj writes that the word Jat is derived from sanskrit word jñāta (ज्ञात). This later on changed to Jat in prakrart language. Panini's Mention of Aṣṭādhyāyī in the form of shloka as जट झट सङ्घाते confirms it. [129] Deshraj mentions that Krishna formed a federation of Vrishni and Andhaka clans which was known as jñātisaṃgha (ज्ञातिसंघ). Shanti Parva Mahabharata Book XII Chapter 82 gives details about this sangha. [130]
The famous Sanskrit scholar Panini (traditionally dated 520-460 BCE, with estimates ranging from the 7th to 4th centuries BCE) has mentioned in his Sanskrit grammar known as Aṣṭādhyāyī in the form of shloka as जट झट सङ्घाते or “Jat Jhat Sanghate”.[131] This means that the terms 'Jat' and 'democratic federation' are synonymous. He has mentioned many Jat clans as settled in Punjab and North west areas.
They are mentioned in the grammar treatise of Chandra of the fifth century in the phrase sentence अजय जर्टो हुणान or “Ajay Jarto Huṇān”, which refers to the defeat of Huns by two Jat rulers under the leadership of Yasodharman. Other Jat ruler who fought with him was Baladitya. The inscriptions of Mandsaur and Bijayagadh theorise on phonetic grounds that Yasodharman, the ruler of Malwa, was a Jat of the Virkgotra (clan).[132][133][134]
[p.127]:In all the ancient catalogues of the thirty-six royal races of India the Jat has a place, though by none is he ever
styled 'Rajput' ; nor am I aware of any instance of a Rajput's
intermarriage with a Jat.1 It is a name widely disseminated
over India, though it does not now occupy a very elevated place
amongst the inhabitants, belonging chiefly to the agricultural
classes.
In the Panjab they still retain their ancient name of Jat. On
the Jumna and Ganges they are styled Jats, of whom the chief
of Bharatpur is the most conspicuous. On the Indus and in
Saurashtra they are termed Jats. The greater portion of the
husbandmen in Rajasthan are Jats ; and there are numerous
tribes beyond the Indus, now proselytes to the Muhammadan
religion, who derive their origin from this class.
Of its ancient history sufficient has been already said. We
will merely add, that the kingdom of the great Getae, whose
capital was on the Jaxartes, preserved its integrity and name
from the period of Cyrus to the fourteenth century, when it was
converted from idolatry to the faith of Islam. Herodotus [iv.
93-4] informs us that the Getae were theists and held the tenet
of the soul's immortality ; and De Guignes,2 from Chinese authorities, asserts that at a very early period they had embraced the
religion of Fo or Buddha.
The traditions of the Jats claim the regions west of the Indus
as the cradle of the race, and make them of Yadu extraction ;
thus corroborating the annals of the Yadus, which state their
migration from Zabulistan, and almost inducing us to [107] dispense with the descent of this tribe from Krishna, and to pro-
1 [Though apparently there is no legal connubium between Jats and Rajputs, the two tribes are closely connected, and it has been suggested that both had their origin in invaders from Central Asia, the leaders becoming Rajputs, the lower orders Jat peasants. The author, at the close of Vol. II., gives an inscription recording the marriage of a Jat with a Yadava princess.]
2 " The superiority of the Chinese over the Turks caused the great Khan to turn his arms against the Nomadic Getae of Mawaru-l-nahr(Transoxiana), descended from the Yueh-chi, and bred on the Jihun or Oxus, whence they had extended themselves along the Indus and even Ganges, and are there yet found. These Getae had embraced the religion of Fo " (Hist. Gen. des Huns, tom. i. p. 375).
[p.128]:
nounee it an important colony of the Yueh-chi, Yuti, or Jats.
Of the first migration from Central Asia of this race within the
Indus we have no record ; it might have been simultaneous with
the Takshak, from the wars of Cyrus or his ancestors.
It has been already remarked that the Jat divided with the
Takshak the claim of being the parent name of the various tribes
called Scythic, invaders of India ; and there is now before the
author an inscription of the fifth century applying both epithets
to the same prince1 who is invested moreover with the Scythic quality of worshipping the sun. It states, likewise, that the
mother of this Jat prince was of Yadu race : strengthening their
claims to a niche amongst the thirty-six Rajkulas, as well as their
Yadu descent.
The fifth century of the Christian era, to which this inscription
belongs, is a period of interest in Jat history. De Guignes, from
original authorities, states the Yueh-chi or Jats to have established themselves in the Panjab in the fifth and sixth centuries,
and the inscription now quoted applies to a prince whose capital
is styled Salindrapura in these regions ; and doubtless the Salivahanpur2 where the Yadu Bhattis established themselves on the expulsion of the Tak.
1 " To my foe, salutation ! This foe how shall I describe ? Of the race of Jat Kathida, whose ancestor, the warrior Takshak, formed the garland on the neck of Mahadeva." Though this is a figurative allusion to the snake necklace of the father of creation, yet it evidently pointed to the Jat's descent from the Takshak. But enough has been said elsewhere of the snake race, the parent of the Scythic tribes, which the divine Milton seems to have taken from Diodorus's account of the mother of the Scythac :
" Woman to the waist, and fair ;
But ended foul in many a scaly fold ! " (Paradise Lost, Book ii. 650 f.)
Whether the Jat Kathida is the Jat or Getae of Cathay (da being the mark of the genitive case) we will leave to conjecture [?]. [Ney Elias (History of the Moghuls of Central Asia, 75) suggests that the theory of the connexion between Jats and Getae was largely based on an error regarding the term jatah, ' rascal,' applied as a mark of reproach to the Moguls by the Chagatai.]
2 This place existed in the twelfth century as a capital ; since an inscription of Kamarpal, prince of Anhilwara, declares that this monarch carried his conquests " even to Salpur." There is Sialkot in Rennell's geography, and Wilford mentions " Sangala, a famous city in ruins, sixty miles west by north of Lahore, situated in a forest, and said to be built by Puru.'
[p.129]:
How much earlier than this the Jat penetrated into Rajasthan
must be left to more ancient inscriptions to determine : suffice
it that in a.d. 440 we find him in power.1
When the Yadu was expelled from Salivahanpura, and forced
to seek refuge [108] across the Sutlej among the Dahia and JohyaRajputs of the Indian desert, where they founded their first
capital, Derawar, many from compulsion embraced the Muhammadan faith ; on which occasion they assumed the name of Jat,2 of which at least twenty different offsets are enumerated in the Yadu chronicles.
That the Jats continued as a powerful community on the east
bank of the Indus and in the Panjab, fully five centuries after
the period our inscription and their annals illustrate, we have the
most interesting records in the history of Mahmud, the conqueror
of India, whose progress they checked in a manner unprecedented
in the annals of continental warfare. It was in 416 of the Hegira
(A.D. 1026) that Mahmud marched an army against the Jats, who
had harassed and insulted him on the return from his last expedition against Saurashtra. The interest of the account authorizes
its being given from the original.
" The Jats inhabited the country on the borders of Multan,
along the river that runs by the mountains of Jud.3 When
Mahmud reached Multan, finding the Jat country defended by
great rivers, he built fifteen hundred boats,4 each armed with six iron spikes projecting from their prows, to prevent their being
1 At this time (A.D. 449) the Jut brothers, Hengist and Horsa, led a colony from Jutland and founded the kingdom of Kent (qu. Kantha, ' a coast,' in Sanskrit, as in GothicKonta ?). The laws they there introduced, more especially the still prevailing one of gavelkind, where all the sons share equally, except the youngest who has a double portion, are purely Scythic, and brought by the original Goth from the Jaxartes. Alaric had finished his career, and Theodoric and Genseric (ric, ' king,' in Sanskrit [?]) were carrying their arms into Spain and Africa. [These speculations are valueless.]
2 Why should these proselytes, if originally Yadu, assume the name of Jat or Jat ? It must be either that the Yadus were themselves the ScythicYuti or Yueh-chi, or that the branches intermarried with the Jats, and consequently became degraded as Yadus, and the mixed issue bore the name of the mother.
4 Near the spot where Alexander built his fleet, which navigated to Babylon thirteen hundred years before.
[p.130]:
boarded by the enemy, expert in this kind of warfare. In each
boat he placed twenty archers, and some with fire-balls of naphtha
to burn the Jat fleet. The monarch having determined on their
extirpation, awaited the result at Multan. The Jats sent their
wives, children, and effects to Sind Sagar,1 and launched four thousand, or, as others say, eight thousand boats well armed to
meet the Ghaznians. A terrible conflict ensued, but the projecting spikes sunk the Jat boats while others were set on fire. Few
escaped from this scene of terror ; and those who did, met with
the more severe fate of captivity." 2
Many doubtless did escape ; and it is most probable that the
Jat communities, on whose overthrow the State of Bikaner was
founded, were remnants of this very warfare [109].
Not long after this event the original empire of the Getae was
overturned, when many fugitives found a refuge in India. In
1360 Togultash Timur was the great Khan of the Getae nation ;
idolaters even to this period. He had conquered Khorasan,
invaded Transoxiana (whose prince fled, but whose nephew.
Amir Timur, averted its subjugation), gained the friendship of
Togultash, and commanded a hundred thousand Getae warriors.
In 1369, when the Getic Khan died, such was the ascendancy
obtained by Timur over his subjects, that the Kuriltai, or general
assembly, transferred the title of Grand Khan from the Getic to
the Chagatai Timur. In 1370 he married a Getic princess, and
added Khokhand and Samarkand to his patrimony, Transoxiana.
Rebellions and massacres almost depopulated this nursery of
mankind, ere the Getae abandoned their independence ; nor was
it till 1388, after six invasions, in which he burnt their towns,
brought away their wealth, and almost annihilated the nation,
that he felt himself secure.3
1 Translated by Dow, ' an island.' Sind Sagar is one of the Duabas of the Panjab. I have compared Dow's translation of the earlier portion of the history of Ferishta with the original, and it is infinitely more faithful than the world gives him credit for. His errors are most considerable in numerals and in weights and measures ; and it is owing to this that he has made the captured wealth of India appear so incredible.
2 Ferishta vol. i. [The translation in the text is an abstract of that of Dow (i. 72). That of Briggs (i. 81 f.) is more accurate. In neither version is there any mention of the Sind Sagar. Rose (Glossary, ii. 359) discredits the account of this naval engagement, and expresses a doubt whether the Jats at this period occupied Jud or the Salt Ranges.]
In his expedition into India, having overrun great part of
Europe, " taken Moscow, and slain the soldiers of the barbarous
Urus," he encountered his old foes " the Getae, who inhabited
the plains of Tohim, where he put two thousand to the sword,
pursuing them into the desert and slaughtering many more near
the Ghaggar." 1
Still the Jat maintained himself in the Panjab, and the most
powerful and independent prince of India at this day is the Jat
prince of Lahore, holding dominion over the identical regions
where the Yueh-chi colonized in the fifth century, and where the
Yadus, driven from Ghazni, established themselves on the ruins
of the Taks. The Jat cavalier retains a portion of his Scythic
manners, and preserves the use of the chakra or discus, the weapon
of the Yadu Krishna in the remote age of the Bharat.
Jat Jati Ki Utpatti Aur Vistar
Political History in South Asia
Ancient Jat People Kingdoms
Some Jatt historians and other writers have mentioned in various references about the ancient Jat kingdoms. Some of them are listed below and the reference with each name indicates source where it is written :
Prof. Maheswari Prasad of Banaras Hindu University has written that one reason for non–occurrence of word Jat as such in ancient literature may be that they were formerly known by other names i.e. their clan names also. Change of nomenclature is a part of the historical process. With the branching of community, its several branches known by different names and when one of them is distinguished by its achievement, other groups also take its name as a general designation. It is therefore quite expected that descendants of many old communities are still present among Jats. A study of Jat gotra names reveals that Jat is a general term for number of cognate clans formerly known by different names.[175]
Note: There are more Ancient Jat People Kingdoms in main article please do not add any new ones to this summary paragraph.
Jat People in the pre-Aurangzeb period
We do not have the means to form an accurate and comprehensive view of their past, from the early medieval times to commencement of the reign of Aurangzeb when their brethren of Mathura and Bharatpur step by step rose to political prominence. Our sources contain incidental and meager information about the Jats. [176]
It needs no stress that the mind of the people is better and more correctly revealed by their own writings. In case of the Jat people who generally do not have a respectable tradition of history writing, the paucity of any systematic and complete history from their side causes difficulties to a student of their history. The non-Jat sources do provide facts about the Jat activities. The sources consulted include such as Majmal-ut-Tawarikh, Tabkai-i-Akbari, Kamil-ut-Tawarikh, Tarikh-us-Subuktigin, Malfuzat-i-Timuri,Tarikh-i-Sher Shahi etc.
The history of pre-Aurangzeb period reveals that they (the Jats) have shown in all times – whether against Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni, or against Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali – the same propensity to fall upon the rear of a retreating army undeterred by the heaviest odds, or the terror-inspiring fame of great conquerors. When encountered they showed the same obstinate and steady courage unmindful of the carnage on the field or of the miseries that were in store for them after defeat". [177][178]
Jat People Kingdoms in Medieval India
Gohad
According to the Rajputana Gazetteer, the Jagir of village Bamrauli near Agra, was transferred to the Chauhan and Kachwaha Rajputs of Bairath (near Alwar), during the rule of the Tomar Rajputs in Delhi in the 11th century. During Firuz Shah Tughluq's regime, his satrap in Agra, Muneer Mohammad, forced the Jats of Bamrauli to leave the village in 1367. The Bamraulia Jats moved to the region of Gwalior beyond the Chambal River.
According to Cunningham and William Cook, the Bamraulia Jats founded the city of Gohad near Gwalior in 1505. Later it developed into an important Jat State that continued till Indian Independence. The Jat rulers of Gohad were awarded the title of Rana.
The British Government concluded a treaty with Jats and with their help defeated Marathas and won back Gwalior and Gohad from them. The British kept Gwalior with them and handed over Gohad to Jats in 1804.[179]
Gohad was handed over to Marathas under a revised treaty dated 22 November 1805 between Marathas and Britishers. Under this treaty Gohad ruler Rana Kirat Singh was given Dhaulpur, Badi and Rajakheda in exchange with Gohad. Rana Kirat Singh moved to Dhaulpur in December 1805.[180] Sindhias could take over Gohad on 27 February 1806 with the help of Britishers. Thus the RanaJat rulers of Bamrauliagotra ruled Gohad for 300 years from 1505–1805. [181]
Dholpur
The present town of Dholpur, which dates from the 16th century, stands somewhat to the north of the site of the older town built in the 11th century by Raja Dholan (or Dhawal) Deo, a Tomara Rajput chieftain; it was named as Dholdera or Dhawalpuri after him.Modern research says in 10 th century Jats took over the control of Dhaulpur. Before jats The Yadav were ruler in buddha time. After that Tomer of Gwaliar Win Dhaulpur but Jats remain there Emperor.
In 1450, Dholpur had a Raja of its own. However, the fort was taken by Sikander Lodi in 1501 and transferred to a Muslim governor in 1504. In 1527, after strenuous resistance, the fort fell to Babur and came under the sway of the Mughals along with the surrounding country. It was assigned by Emperor Akbar to the province of Agra. A fortified sarai built during the reign of Akbar still stands in the town, within which is the fine tomb of Sadik Mohammed Khan, one of his generals.
During the dissensions which followed the death of emperor Aurangzeb in 1707, Raja Kalyan Singh Bhadauria obtained possession of Dholpur. His family retained it until 1761, after which it was taken successively by the Jat Maharaja Suraj Mal of Bharatpur; by Mirza Najaf Khan in 1775; by the Scindia ruler of Gwalior in 1782; and finally, by the British East India Company in 1803. It was restored by the British to the Scindias under the "Treaty of Sarji Anjangaon", but in consequence of new arrangements, was again occupied by the British. Finally, in 1806, the territories of Dholpur, Ban and Rajakhera were handed over to Kirat Singh of Gohad, in exchange for his own state of Gohad, which was ceded to the Scindias.
From this point begins the history of the princely state of Dholpur, a vassal of the British during British Rule. After Independence, it was incorporated into the newly-formed state of Rajasthan.
The rise of Jat People power
The rise of Jat power has always taken place against tyranny, injustice, economic and social exploitations and was never overawed by claims of racial or tribal superiority. They have always stood in ancient as well as medieval times like rock in the face of invaders seeking to ravage the motherland. Whenever the occasion arose they beat their ploughshares into swords and taking advantage of decrepit political structure, they laid the foundations of political power under several tribal chiefs. [182]
They have shown in all times – whether against Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni, or against Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali – the same propensity to fall upon the rear of a retreating army undeterred by the heaviest odds, or the terror-inspiring fame of great conquerors. When encountered they showed the same obstinate and steady courage unmindful of the carnage on the field or of the miseries that were in store for them after defeat. [183]
In 1669 this race of warrior-agriculturists, the Jats, rose against the narrow and over-centralised despotic regime of Aurangzeb. The Jat power under the leadership of Churaman took a big leap forward during the rule of the imbecile successors of Aurangzeb.[184]
The Jat People Uprising of 1669
The Jat uprising of 1669 under Gokula in region around Mathura occurred at a time when the Mughal government was by no means weak or imbecile. [185] In fact this period of Aurangzeb’s reign witnessed the climax of the Mughal Empire.[186], [187] during the early medieval period frequent breakdown of law and order often induced the Jats to adopt a refractory course. [188] But, with the establishment of the Mughal rule, law and order was effectively established and we do not come across any major Jat revolt during the century and a half proceeding the reign of Aurangzeb. [189]
Historians have generally ascribed the said Jat rebellion to Aurangzab’s religious discrimination and the oppression of local officers. [190], [191]. [192] These, however seem to have been the contributory causes but neither the sole nor the dominant factors which precipitated the revolt. The real cause of the Jat rebellion of 1669 lay deeper than have been assigned to it so far. [193]
The Jat rebellion of 1669 was essentially the result of the political provocation aggravated by the economic discontent and set ablaze by the religious persecution. [194]
Once their combined efforts proved fruitful under later leaders and bright future prospects appeared ahead. Their circumstantial union assumed a little fixed character. Consideration of common benefit might also have been instrumental in leading the tribal and democratic Jats to prefer, accept and finally adopt the institution of kingship. To such circumstances may be traced the genesis of the Jat state of Bharatpur and the eventual emergence of the principalities of Patiala, Nabha and Jind which were the Jat republicans until India's independence. [195]
Jat people kingdoms in Early modern Era
Bharatpur
In the disorder following Aurangzeb's death in 1707, Jat resistance resumed, organized under the leadership of Churaman (1695–1721). The Jat power under the leadership of Churaman took a big leap forward during the rule of the imbecile successor of Aurangzeb. Aurangzeb left behind a host of serious problems for his weak successors to deal with people highly agitated like Jat people. [196] Churaman's nephew, Badan Singh (1722–1756), established a kingdom centered at Deeg, from which he extended his rule over Agra and Mathura.
Badan Singh's eldest son and successor was Maharaja Suraj Mal (1707–1763) . Suraj Mal, described as the "Jat Plato" and the "Jat Ulysses", extended his kingdom to include Agra, Mathura, Dholpur, Mainpuri, Hathras, Aligarh, Etawah, Meerut, Rohtak, Farrukhnagar, Mewat, Rewari and Gurgaon. He was described as the greatest warrior and the ablest statesman that the Jatts had ever produced. The author of Siyar says, Suraj Mal had in his stable twelve thousand horses, mounted by so many picked man, amongst whom on horseback and then wheeling round in order to load under shelter, and these men had by continual and daily practice become so expeditious and so dangerous marksmen, and withal so expert in their evolutions, that there were no troops in India and could pretend to face them in the field. Nor was it thought possible to wage war against such a prince with any prospect of advantage. [197][198]
Suraj Mal moved the capital from Deeg to Bharatpur after 1733. Rustam, a Jat king of the Sogariya clan, had laid the foundation of the modern city of Bharatpur. After him, control passed to his son, Khemkaran and then to Suraj Mal. Khemkaran was a warrior. He was awarded with the title "Faujdar", which is still used by all Sogariyas. The beautiful palace and gardens at Deeg and the Bharatpur fort, both built by Suraj Mal, symbolised the coming of age of the Jat state. Suraj Mal died on 25 December, 1763.
During British Rule, the state covered an area of 5,123 sq.km. Its rulers enjoyed a salute of 17 guns. The state acceded unto the dominion of India in 1947. It was merged with three nearby princely states to form the 'Matsya Union', which in turn was merged with other adjoining territories to create the present-day state of Rajasthan.
The present town of Dholpur, which dates from the 16th century, stands somewhat to the north of the site of the older town built in the 11th century by Raja Dholan (or Dhawal) Deo, a Tomara Rajput chieftain; it was named as Dholdera or Dhawalpuri after him. +
In 1450, Dholpur had a Raja of its own. However, the fort was taken by Sikander Lodi in 1501 and transferred to a Muslim governor in 1504. In 1527, after strenuous resistance, the fort fell to Babur and came under the sway of the Mughals along with the surrounding country. It was assigned by Emperor Akbar to the province of Agra. A fortified sarai built during the reign of Akbar still stands in the town, within which is the fine tomb of Sadik Mohammed Khan, one of his generals.
During the dissensions which followed the death of emperor Aurangzeb in 1707, Raja Kalyan Singh Bhadauria obtained possession of Dholpur. His family retained it until 1761, after which it was taken successively by the Jat Maharaja Suraj Mal of Bharatpur; by Mirza Najaf Khan in 1775; by the Scindia ruler of Gwalior in 1782; and finally, by the British East India Company in 1803. It was restored by the British to the Scindias under the "Treaty of Sarji Anjangaon", but in consequence of new arrangements, was again occupied by the British. Finally, in 1806, the territories of Dholpur, Ban and Rajakhera were handed over to Kirat Singh of Gohad, in exchange for his own state of Gohad, which was ceded to the Scindias.
From this point begins the history of the princely state of Dholpur, a vassal of the British during the British Raj. After Independence, it was incorporated into the newly-formed state of Rajasthan.
Kuchesar
In the mid-eighteenth century the Dalal Jats of Mandoti, Haryana, built the mud fort of Kuchesar in Uttar Pradesh.Mud fort of kuchesar famous for tourism now a days.
One line of this family moved to Mohiuddinpur (Meerut). The family still lives there
Ballabhgarh
The founders of the princely state of Ballabhgarh were Tewatia Jats, who had come from village Janauli, which is more than 2000 years old. The Tewatia Jat Sardar Gopal Singh left Janauli (in Palwal)in 1705 and got settled at Sihi, a village of Tewatia Jats in Ballabgarh at a distance of about 5 kms from Ballabhgarh. Charan Das's son, Balram Singh, rose to be a powerful king in this dynasty. The Princely state of Ballabgarh was founded after his name. He accepted the patronage of Maharaja Suraj Mal. Raja Nahar Singh (1823–1858) was a notable King of this princely state. The forefathers of Jat Raja Nahar Singh had built a fort here around 1739 AD. The small kingdom of Ballabhgarh was only 20 miles from Delhi. The name of the Jat Raja Nahar Singh will always be highly regarded among those who became martyrs by participating in the First War of Indian Independence.
Patiala
Patiala was a state of Siddhu Jatts ancestry in Punjab.[199][200] Its area was 5932 sq. mile and annual income Rs 1,63,00,000/-. The rulers of the erstwhile states of Patiala, Nabha and Jind trace their ancestry to Jat sardar Phul of Siddhu ancestry.[201] Apparently the appellation of dynasty "Phulkian" is derived from their common founder. One of sons of Phul, Ram Singh had son Ala Singh, who assumed the leadership in 1714 when Banda Bahadur was engaged in the fierce battle against the Mughals. Ala Singh carved out an independent principality from a petty Zamindari of 30 villages. Under his successors, it expanded into a large state, touching the Shivaliks in north, Rajasthan in the south and upper courses of the Yamuna and Sutlej rivers while confronting the most trying and challenging circumstances.
Nabha
Nabha was a state of Siddhu Jats.[202][200] founded by grandson of Chaudhary Phul Singh. Chaudhary Phul Singh had six sons namely, 1.Tiloka 2.Ram Singh 3.Rudh 4.Chunu 5. Jhandu and 6.Takhtmal. Annual income of Nabha state was Rs 1,50,000/-.[203] Phul, was Chaudhri (Governor) of a country located at the south east of Dihli. Phul’s descendants founded 3 States: Patiala, Jind and Nabha. Nabha was founded by the great-grandson of Phul in 1755.[204]
Jind
Jind state in Haryana was founded by descendants of Phul Jatt of Siddhu ancestry.[205][200] Jind was a state of Siddhu Jats founded by grandson of Chaudhary Phul Singh. Chaudhary Phul Singh had six sons namely, 1.Tiloka 2.Ram Singh 3.Rudh 4.Chunu 5. Jhandu and 6.Takhtmal. Tiloka had two sons namely, 1. Gurudutta 2. Sukh Chain. Sukh Chain's descendants ruled Jind state and Gurudatta's descendants ruled Nabha state.Area of the state was 1259 sq mile and annual income of Jind state was Rs 30,00,000/-.[206] According to another version stating descent from Jaisal, founder of the State of Jaisalmer in 1156, the founder of this Sikh dynasty, Phul, was Chaudhri (Governor) of a country located at the south east of Dihli. Phul’s descendants founded 3 States: Patiala, Jind and Nabha.
Faridkot state was founded by Jat Sikh of Barar gotra during Akbar's rule. Area of the state was 643 sq mile and annual income was Rs 18,00,000/-. Their ancestor was Rao Khewa.
Mursan
Mursan state of Thenua Jats was located in the Hathras (Mahamaya Nagar) district in Uttar Pradesh. The most well-known ruler of this estate was the Jat nobleman, Raja Mahendra Pratap (1886–1979), who was popularly known as Aryan Peshwa. The third son of Raja Ghansyam Singh, he was adopted by Raja Harnarayan Singh of Hathras.
Mahendra Pratap married a lady from a Jat Sikh family based in the princely state of Jind in Haryana.
Maharaja Ranjit Singh (Punjab) (1780–1839) was from Sandhawalia[207] Jat clan of Punjab and became the Sikh emperor of the sovereign country of Punjab and the Sikh Empire. Ranjit Singh's father Maha Singh was the commander of the Sukerchakia misl and controlled a territory in west Punjab based around his headquarters at Gujranwala.
Ranjit Singh succeeded his father at the young age of 12. After several campaigns, his rivals accepted him as their leader, and he united the Sikh factions into one state. He conquered vast tracts of territory on all sides of his kingdom. From the capture of Lahore in 1799, he rapidly annexed the rest of the Punjab and became undisputed ruler of northern India and the land of the five rivers. And even then, to secure his empire, he invaded Afghanistan, and severely defeated the Pathan militias and tribes. Ranjit Singh took the title of Maharaja on April 12 1801 (to coincide with Baisakhi day). Lahore served as his capital from 1799. In 1802 he took the city of Amritsar. In the year 1802, Ranjit Singh successfully invaded Kashmir.
Jat people in Religious history
Jat People in Islamic History
Jat people & their history have been intertwined with Islam, starting from the 7th Century. It has been mentioned of Jats were living in Arabia and being the earliest people of South Asian origin to become Muslims. They were in Muhammad's army in all the battles he fought. They were later appointed as guards of the treasury of the Islamic Caliphate. However, the largest period of integration and conflict began from the 11th century onwards.[211][212] These factors have affected and influenced the Jat people, their history and their culture. These influences include periods of conflict and periods of integration with Jat people, their social institutions and their culture.
Jat people in Shāhnāma
According to Dr S.M. Yunus Jaffery, Jatt people have been mentioned in Shāhnāma ("The epic of kings") [213], the national epic of Persia (modern Iran), by Hakīm Abul-Qāsim Firdawsī Tūsī (Persian: حکیم ابوالقاسم فردوسی توسی ), more commonly transliterated as Firdowsi (935–1020), the most revered Persian poet. The Shāhnāma tells the mythical and historical past of Iran from the creation of the world up until the Islamic conquest of Iran in the 7th century. The Shâhnameh recounts the history of Iran, beginning with the creation of the world and the introduction of the arts of civilization (fire, cooking, metallurgy, law) to the Aryans and ends with the Arab conquest of Persia. The scene that has been drawn by Firdowsi in his Shahnama is in the legend of Rostam and Sohrab. Sohrab was in search of Rostam, his father. Both, the father and son had heard the heroic deeds of each other, but none of them wanted to disclose his identification. Sohrab while being in search of his father leads his army to the White Castle (Dazh-e-Safid) in Iran. Hujir, guardian of the castle, sees the army come and goes to meet them. Sohrab asked Hujir about the heroes and war champions of Iran as under:[214][215][216]
Majmal-ut-Tawarikh, the first Persian account of the 11th century (1026), refers an interesting legend about the Jat people and Meds. It says that both these people, the descendants of Ham, lived in Sind on the banks of the river Bahar. They indulged in mutual warfare. It so happens that the Jats overpowered the distressing Meds. But realizing the futility of continuous struggle both the Jats and the Meds begged King Dajushan (Duryodhan) to appoint a King to rule over them and thereby ensure perpetual peace. The King nominated his sister Dassal (Duhsala), who governed them with wisdom. But despite its riches, dignity and greatness, there was no Brahman or wise man in the country. Hence from all over Hindustan thirty thousand Brahmans along with their families were sent there by her brother. Perhaps the name of the famous city Brahmanabad points to the place where the Brahman immigrants first settled. [217]They settled there and in time Sind became flourishing. The queen later on made over small portion of her realm to the Jats and appointed one of them, Judrat, as their chief. She made a similar provision for the Meds also. [218] This narrative involving the mythological figures can not be regarded as a historical fact but would imply that the people designated as Jatts were present at the time of war of Mahabharata.[219]
Jat People in Hindu History
Shiva's Locks Legend of Jat people
The mythological account of Origin of Jats from Shiva's Locks was propounded by the author of Deva Samhita. Deva Samhita,[220], [221], [222] is a collection of Sanskrit hymns by Gorakh Sinha during the early medieval period. Devasamhita records an account of the Origin of the Jats in the form of discussion between Shiva and Parvati expressed in shloka (verses). Pārvatī asks Shiva, O Lord Bhutesha, knower of all religions, kindly narrate about the birth and exploits of the Jat race. Who is their father? Who is their mother? Which race are they? When were they born? Having read the mind of Parvati, Shiva said, "O mother of the world, I may tell you honestly the origin and exploits of the Jats about whom none else has so far revealed anything to you.
There is mention of Jats in Deva Samhitā[223]
in the form of powerful rulers over vast plains of Central Asia. When Pārvatī asks Shiva about the origin of Jats, their antiquity and characters of Jats, Shiva tells her like this in Sanskrit shloka-15 as under:
Meaning - "The history of origin of Jats is extremely wonderful and their antiquity glorious. The Pundits of history did not record their annals lest it should injure and impair their false pride of the vipras and gods. We describe that realistic history before you."
The Brahmanical accounts wrongly interpret word jata as 'locks'. Since Jats were strong followers of Shiva and were his ganas. Word 'Jata' should be understod as a federation in the light of Panini's Ashtadhyayi. The Linguistic and Religious Etymology about the origin of the word, 'Jata' is that it finds mention in most ancient Indian literature like Mahabharata and Rig Veda. Over sixty clans are named in the Rig Veda.[8] In the Mahabharata as they are mentioned ‘Jartas’ in ‘Karna Parva’. The famous Sanskrit scholar Panini (traditionally dated 520-460 BCE, with estimates ranging from the 7th to 4th centuries BCE) has mentioned in his Sanskrit grammar known as Aṣṭādhyāyī in the form of shloka as जट झट सङ्घाते or “Jata Jhata Sanghate”.[224] This means that the terms 'Jata' (जट) and 'democratic federation' are synonymous. He has mentioned many Jat clans as settled in Punjab and North west areas. They are mentioned in the grammar treatise of Chandra of the fifth century in the phrase sentence अजय जर्टो हुणान or “Ajay Jarto Huṇān”, which refers to the defeat of Huns by two Jat rulers under the leadership of Yasodharman. Other Jat ruler who fought with him was Baladitya.
Jat People in Mahabharata period
Jat people find a mention in most ancient Indian literature like Mahabharata and Rig Veda. Over sixty clans are named in the Rig Veda.[8] In the Mahabharata as they are mentioned ‘Jartas’ in ‘Karna Parva’. The famous Sanskrit scholar Panini (traditionally dated 520-460 BCE, with estimates ranging from the 7th to 4th centuries BCE) has mentioned in his Sanskrit grammar known as Aṣṭādhyāyī in the form of shloka as जट झट संघाते or “Jat Jhat Sanghate”.[225] This means that the terms 'Jat' and 'democratic federation' are synonymous.
Jat People in Ramayana period
In Sarg 42 of Kishkindha Kanda in Ramayana - Directions to Westward Party in search of Sita are given as under:
Then Sugriva went to his father-in-law and Tara's father Sushena. He greeted him and said to the great sage Maareech's son Archismaan who is like Indra and Garud in valor and the other son of Sage Maareech Archishmaalyaa - "You take 200,000 (2 lakh) Vanar under the leadership of Sushena and go to search Vaidehee in west, Sauraashtra and Chandrachitraa (present day Mathura) Desh. Search for Her in Kukshi Desh where beetle nut, Bakul and Uddaalk trees grow. There you will search Her in dry lands, waters, forests, mountains etc.
Further, you will find a sea (Arabian Sea) in which many sharks and crocodiles live in. Near that sea, you will find a forest where Ketakee, Tamaal, Kaarikel (coconut) trees grow. After that you will find Murachee and Jatapur cities. Next you go to Avanti (this Avantee is another Avantee), Anglepaa and Alakshitaa.
After this you will arrive at the mouth of River Indus (Sindhu). Near it is Hem Giri Parvat (Som Giri Parvat) which has numerous summits and on which there are many huge tall trees. Here live flying lions who take Timi named Matsya (fish or sharks) and elephant seals on the trees. You will search this mountain thoroughly.
Here we find mention of Jatapur city means 'the city of Jats' near Avanti and after it is situated Sindhu River.
Jat People today in South Asia
Jat people on the farms
Today, besides agriculture, Jats are engaged in blue and white-collar jobs, trade and commerce. Though they continue to be a rural populace, their presence in towns and district headquarters can be noted due to migration, which undoubtedly explains their distance from agriculture and animal husbandry.[226]
Jat people are considered a Forward class in the vast majority of states in India, with a few exceptions in a small number of areas were they are Other Backward Class (OBC). In Rajasthan, the Jats are classified as OBC, except in Bharatpur District and Dhaulpur District. [227] In Rajasthan the Jat people are a wealthy & rich section of society but the BJP in 1999 in order to win their votes gave them OBC for political reasons.[228] Some specific clans of Jats are classified as OBC in some states. Eg. Muslim Jats in Gujarat[229] and Mirdha Jats (except Muslim Jats) in Madhya Pradesh.[230] Land reforms, particularly the abolition of Jagirdari and Zamindari systems, Panchayati Raj and Green revolution, to which Jat people have been major contributors, have immensely contributed to the economic betterment of the Jat people. Despite this propsperity they who are mostly farming dominant social group and would not normally regard them to be inferior to anyone have been demanding OBC status.
Adult franchise has created enormous social and political awakening among Jats. Consolidation of economic gains and participation in the electoral process are two visible outcomes of the post-independence situation. Through this participation they have been able to significantly influence the politics of north India. Economic differentiation, migration and mobility could be clearly noticed amongst Jats.[231]
The Jat people's lifestyle was designed to foster a martial spirit.[232] Whenever they lost their kingdoms, Jat people retired to the country-side and became landed barons and the landlords with their swords girded round their waists.[233] They would draw the sword out of the scabbard at the command of their panchayat to fight with the invaders. Jat people have a history of being brave and ready fighters.[234] They are fiercely independent in character and value their self respect more than anything, which is why they offered heavy resistance against any foreign force that treated them unjustly. [235] They are known for their pride, bravery and readyness to sacrifice their lives in battle for their people and kinsmen.[236] In the government of their villages, they appear much more democratic. they have less reverence for hereditary right and a preference for elected headmen.[237]
Jat People Organizations
The Jats have always organized themselves into hundreds of patrilineage clans, Panchayat system or Khap. A clan was based on one small gotra or a number of related gotras under one elected leader whose word was law. [238]The big Jat clans now are so big that individual in them are only related to each other by individual that lived typically hundreds years ago. Mutual quarrels of any intensity could be settled by orders of Jat elders. In times of danger, the whole clan rallied under the banner of the leader. The Jat Khap or Panchayat "system is territorial and highly democratic.
District and a number of Khaps form a 'Sarva Khap' embracing a full province or state. Negotiations with anyone were done - at 'Sarva Khap' level.
In addition to the conventional Sarva Khap Panchayat, there are regional Jat Mahasabhas affiliated to the All India Jat Mahasabha to organize and safeguard the interests of the community, which held its meeting at regional and national levels to take stock of their activities and devise practical ways and means for the amelioration of the community.[239]
Social customs of Jat People
All Jats, irrespective of their official or financial positions in life, have equal social status (except the royal family of Patiala who are Sidhu/Bhatti Rajput in origin).
The only criterion of superiority is age. The Jat people are ethnically and culturally required to MUST marry within their community. With the advancement of modern civilization, as people are becoming less dependent upon and more tolerant towards each other, the joint family system is going out of vogue. It is still prevalent in the less advanced areas
Language
Jat people usually speak Punjabi, Hindi, Rajasthani, Haryanvi, Malvi and Sindhi or Gujarati. Jat people who following Sikhism or Islam as a religion mostly speak Punjabi and its various dialects (such as Maajhi, Malwi, Doabi, Seraiki, Pothohari, and Jhangochi).
List of Jat People Clans
The Jat people clan names are unique in South Asia. However, some of their clan names do overlap with the Rajputs and Gujars.[240]List of Jat Clans have been compiled by many Jat historians like Ompal Singh Tugania,[241] Bhaleram Beniwal[242][243]
Dr Mahendra Singh Arya and others,[244]
Thakur Deshraj,[245]
Dilip Singh Ahlawat,[246] Ram Swarup Joon[247] etc.
The above lists have more than 2700 Jat gotras. Thakur Deshraj, Ram Swarup Joon and Dilip Singh Ahlawat have mentioned history of some of Jat gotras. Some websites of Jats have also prepared list of Jat Gotras with details of history and distriburion.[248]
Famous Jat People
The Jats have produced famous personalities in all the fields of life such as Rajas, Politicians, Generals, Administrators, Actors, Freedom fighters, Reformers, Technocrats, Players, Industrialists and Businessmen.
Jat marā jab jāniye jab chālisa hoy. (Consider a Jat dead only after forty days of his death).
Pagadi sambhāl jattā. (Hold the turban O Jat !). A slogan given to save the honour of Jats.
Jat people are computer characters (Jat Lancer) in the computer game Age of Empires III: The Asian Dynasties.[249]
Maula Jat is one of the most popular films in the history of Pakistani cinema. It has been described as a kind of Pakistani/Western style movie, the story mostly revolves around the clashes between Maula Jat.[250]
Many Punjabi songs are written around evey day life of Jat people.
The 1975 Hindi film Pratigya had a popular song Main Jat Yamla Pagla shot on Dharmendra a Jat himself and acted as a Jat person role in the film.[251]
Ghulami (1985), Indian Hindi movie by Dharmendra, focuses on the caste and feudal system in Rajasthan and a rebellion started by Dharmendra, as a Jat youth, against the Jagirdars.
Veer Tejaji is a Rajasthani language movie, based on the life of Tejaji, made in the 1980’s. It shows the life of Jats and their position in the society in eleventh century.
Heer Ranjha is one of the four popular tragic romances of the Punjab. It tells the story of the love of Heer and her lover Ranjha.Heer Saleti is an extremely beautiful woman, born into a wealthy Jat family of the Sial clan. Ranjha (whose first name is Dheedo; Ranjha is the surname), also a Jat, is the youngest of four brothers and lives in the village 'Takht Hazara' by the river Chenab.
↑Rose, H.A., A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province, Reprinted by the Languages Dept., Patiala, Punjab, 1970, first published in 1883, pp. 362-363, (Vol. II), 58 (Vol. I).
↑Alexander Cunningham, The Ancient Geography of India: The Buddhist Period, Including the Campaigns of Alexander, and the Travels of Hwen-Thsang (1871), pp. 290-291.
↑Rose, H. A., A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province, Reprinted by the Languages Dept., Patiala, Punjab, 1970, first published in 1883, pp. 362-363, (Vol. II), 58 (Vol. I).
↑Rawlinson, George (1893). The story of Parthia. G. P. Putnam's sons. p. 110.
↑Rawlinson, George (2004). The Seven Great Monarchies of the Ancient Eastern World (2, illustrated ed.). Volume 3 of The Seven Great Monarchies of the Ancient Eastern World, Or: The History, Geography and Antiquities of Chaldaea, Assyria, Babylon, Media, Persia, Parthia, and Sassanian, Or the New Persian Empire, George Rawlinson. Gorgias Press LLC. p. 66. ISBN 1593331711, 9781593331719.
↑Bingley, A.H., Handbooks for the Indian Army: Sikhs, Compiled Under the Orders of the Government of India, Printed at the Government Central Printing Office, Simla, India, 1899, pp. 8-9, 3.
↑Rose, H.A., A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province, Reprinted by the Languages Dept., Patiala, Punjab, 1970, first published in 1883, pp. 362-363, (Vol. II), 58 (Vol. I).
↑Dr S.M. Yunus Jaffery of Delhi university under the title "The Jat in Shah Nama of Firdowsi" is based on the Persian text of Shah Nama by Abdul Qasim bin Ishaq bin Sharaf Shah Firdowsi Tusi, published by Mohammad Ramazani, Mossisa-e-khavar, Tehran 1310 A.H./1931 AD. Dr S.M. Yunus Jaffery has given English Version as well as Persian versions in his article.
Hemphill & Christensen, The Oxus Civilization as a Link between East and West: A Non-Metric Analysis of Bronze Age Bactrain Biological Affinities, Paper read at the South Asia Conference, November 1994, Madison, Wisconsin
In Studies in the Archaeology and Palaeoanthropology of South Asia (Chapter: A Reassessment of the Theories of Racial Origins of the People of the Indus Valley Civilization from Recent Anthropological Data, Pages 99-107) by Kenneth A.R. Kennedy, Published: 1984
The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia (Chapter: Have Aryans been identified in the prehistoric skeletal record from South Asia?, Pages 49-54) by Kenneth A.R. Kennedy, Published: 1995
Dr Vir Singh. The Jats - Their Role and Contribution to the Socio Economic Life and Polity of North and North West India. Surajmal Educational Society, D K Publishers, New Delhi, India. 2004. ISBN 81-88629-16-2 | 2023-09-11T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/9969 |
Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in endocervical smears of sexually active women in Manaus-AM, Brazil, by PCR.
Chlamydia trachomatis is now one of the most prevalent bacteria found in classic sexually transmissible diseases (STD), and as such, constitutes a serious public health problem. We examined the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in 121 sexually active women who sought treatment for STD in the Alfredo da Matta Institute of Dermatology and Venerology and the Institute of Tropical Medicine of Amazonas in Manaus, Brazil. These women were examined by a specific PCR for the chlamydial plasmid, and the nature of the amplicon was determined by restriction analysis and DNA sequencing. The PCR diagnosis revealed a prevalence of 20.7% infected women. | 2024-04-04T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/1622 |
Stay on Top of Enterprise Technology Trends Get updates impacting your industry from our GigaOm Research Community
A former U.S. Department of Justice lawyer and antitrust expert says Facebook’s purchase of photo-sharing site Instagram will take between four months and one year to clear regulatory hurdles. In the meantime, the deal is effectively on hold.
One month after Facebook announced it bought Instagram for an eye-popping $1 billion, the Financial Times reported that the deal would be delayed due to a probe by the Federal Trade Commission. Here’s what you need to know:
Why is the FTC messing with the deal?
The federal agency conducts a routine 30-day review of any deal over $66 million as a matter of course. If it has concerns, it sends a “second request” and begins a more detailed review. This is what has happened here.
Right, but Instagram has like 10 people and no revenue. What the’s problem?
If Facebook can have Instagram, it will be a leading player in photo sharing both online and on mobile. (See Om’s explanation here). The FTC is concerned Facebook could become a dominant advertiser on these platforms — and hurt competition.
According to Washington antitrust expert Andre Barlow, “the FTC and DOJ are really concerned about tech markets and the internet.” He adds that the agencies also use the review process to get up to speed on fast-moving industries they may not fully understand.
Will the FTC block the deal?
Barlow says antitrust regulators very rarely block a deal altogether but will ask for a “structural remedy” in some cases (this often means requiring a company to divest part of its business before the deal can go ahead). Noting that the FTC has cleared every Google deal so far, he predicts: “The likelihood is that at the end of the investigation the FTC will not require any remedies and the transaction will be allowed to close.”
So when will the deal clear?
Barlow says that a quick FTC investigation is 3-4 months but that they can take up to a year. “A good middle of the road estimate is 6 months.”
I heard Google and Twitter are behind this. Could that be true?
A Reuters source claims Google (s goog) and Twitter egged on the FTC to investigate the deal. This is very likely. Competitors are often the ones to instigate an antitrust investigation.
Why would Google and Twitter do such a thing?
Facebook can’t have anything to do with Instagram while the investigation is ongoing. The two firms have to continue to act as “competitors.” If the deal is tied up for even six months (an eternity in the tech world), it will give companies like Google and Twitter a chance to catch up in the photo-sharing space. And there is also a PR benefit — the media attention to the purchase helps signify to the world that Facebook is now a giant company (Google, especially, is likely to relish having the regulatory spotlight on someone else for a change).
So when will we hear more?
The FTC will not say anything until the investigation is done. The news so far has been from leaks — either from Facebook or its competitors (or possibly someone within the government). Things will likely go quiet for months until more leaks appear near the close of the investigation.
Facebook did not respond to a request for comment on the story. The company is in a quiet period prior to its upcoming IPO.
(Photo by Mel Canlas) | 2023-09-21T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/5572 |
---
layout: post
title: "Monthly Beatmapping Contest #3 - Submissions Extended"
date: 2014-02-01 00:00:00 +0000
tumblr_url: http://osunews.tumblr.com/post/75252397877/skin-showcase-taiko-special
---
With the Taiko World Cup now underway, I've decided to showcase 5 different skins looking solely at Taiko.
1. Frank's Taiko skin by Frank7654321 ([thread link](https://osu.ppy.sh/community/forums/topics/48424))
2. IIDX 13 by crystalsuicune ([thread link](https://osu.ppy.sh/community/forums/topics/151549))
3. Xi-Style G2 by Xiao ([thread link](https://osu.ppy.sh/community/forums/topics/59787))
4. NeOsu 3 by OsuMe65 [(thread link](https://osu.ppy.sh/community/forums/topics/132898))
5. X.OZ1 by \_Gezo\_ [(thread link)](https://osu.ppy.sh/community/forums/topics/161718)
Also for those of you who are unfamiliar with the Taiko World Cup, you can follow one of the bellow links to find out more.
- ([Wiki page](/wiki/Tournaments/TWC/2014))
- ([Thread discussion](https://osu.ppy.sh/community/forums/topics/179127))
- ([Previous Taiko World Cup](https://osu.ppy.sh/community/forums/topics/99029))
<iframe width="758" height="568" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/WIooi4RJOGk?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen=""></iframe>
—deadbeat
| 2024-03-14T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/4743 |
Attached are two summaries.? AL1276-E may be of interest, both to Enron and
to CREC members.? I will forward the summary to CREC as well, because it
deals with SDG&E,s voluntary rate stabilization plan.
?
Note that direct access customers with a peak load equal to or greater than
100kW are not eligible for the program.?
?
Dan
- 12-13-00 SDG&E AL Summary Chart.doc | 2024-05-07T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/4340 |
History of neuropsychological study of sport-related concussion.
Although the medical literature has a long history of description and comment on concussion, the occurrence of concussion within the context of sports other than boxing was not judged to be problematic until the 1980s. Neuropsychological assessment played a critical and integral role in identifying the cognitive sequelae of concussion and mapping out the short- and long-term vagaries in recovery. This paper captures that history and expands upon current applications of neuropsychological assessment in the diagnosis and management of sport-related concussion. | 2024-02-29T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/5663 |
Mounting and securing your equipment has never been easier than with the fully-assembled Middle Atlantic RCS-3524 35U Preconfigured Rack.
The fully-configured rack comes pre-assembled with everything you need to securely house your equipment, provides locking removable side panels for easy integration and is ready to go from the moment you open the box. | 2024-01-11T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/8370 |
2017 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior women's race
The Senior women's race at the 2017 IAAF World Cross Country Championships was held at the Kampala in Uganda, on March 26, 2017.
The exact length of the course was 9,858 m (33m start, 4 full laps of 2,000 m and a final lap of 1,825m).
Complete results for individuals.
Race results
Senior women's race (10 km)
Individual
Teams
Note: Athletes in parentheses did not score for the team result.
See also
2017 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Junior men's race
2017 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior men's race
2017 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Junior women's race
2017 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Mixed relay
References
Category:Senior women's race at the World Athletics Cross Country Championships
Category:2017 IAAF World Cross Country Championships | 2024-01-14T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/5399 |
Structure of bacterial glutathione-S-transferase maleyl pyruvate isomerase and implications for mechanism of isomerisation.
Maleyl pyruvate isomerase (MPI) is a bacterial glutathione S-transferase (GST) from the pathway for degradation of naphthalene via gentisate that enables the bacterium Ralstonia to use polyaromatic hydrocarbons as a sole carbon source. Genome sequencing projects have revealed the presence of large numbers of GSTs in bacterial genomes, often located within gene clusters encoding the degradation of different aromatic compounds. This structure is therefore an example of this under-represented class of enzymes. Unlike many glutathione transferases, the reaction catalysed by MPI is an isomerisation of an aromatic ring breakdown product, and glutathione is a true cofactor rather than a substrate in the reaction. We have solved the structure of the enzyme in complex with dicarboxyethyl glutathione, an analogue of a proposed reaction intermediate, at a resolution of 1.3 A. The structure provides direct evidence that the glutathione thiolate attacks the substrate in the C2 position, with the terminal carboxylate buried at the base of the active site cleft. Our structures suggest that the C1-C2 bond remains fixed so when rotation occurs around the C2-C3 bond the atoms from C4 onwards actually move. We identified a conserved arginine that is likely to stabilize the enolate form of the substrate during the isomerisation. Arginines at either side of the active site cleft can interact with the end of the substrate/product and preferentially stabilise the product. MPI has significant sequence similarity to maleylacetoacetate isomerase (MAAI), which performs an analogous reaction in the catabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine. The proposed mechanism therefore has relevance to the MAAIs. Significantly, whilst the overall sequence identity is 40% only one of the five residues from the Zeta motif in the active site is conserved. We re-examined the roles of the residues in the active site of both enzymes and the Zeta motif itself. | 2024-01-07T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/2790 |
Q:
Remove tooltip if has no label
I'm using this callback function to check if the hovered part of a chart has a label:
tooltips: {
callbacks: {
label: function(tooltipItem, data) {
var label = data.labels[tooltipItem.index];
if(label !== 'undefined'){
return label;
}
}
}
}
But the tooltip arrow continues to appear. How can I remove it?
https://codepen.io/marcelo2605/pen/vWxyBL
A:
Add typeof to check if label is undefined, so hide() or destroy() if need it.
tooltips: {
callbacks: {
label: function(tooltipItem, data) {
var label = data.labels[tooltipItem.index];
if(typeof label !== 'undefined') {
return label;
} else {
label.destroy();
}
}
}
}
| 2024-01-30T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/4638 |
New options to engineer biofuel microbes: development and application of a high-throughput screening system.
The number of recent efforts on rational metabolic engineering approaches to increase butanol production in Clostridium acetobutylicum are quite limited, demonstrating the physiological complexity of solventogenic clostridia. Since multiple largely unknown parameters determine a particular phenotype, an inverse strategy to select a phenotype of interest can be useful. However, the major constraint for explorative or combinatorial metabolic engineering approaches is the availability of a feasible screening method to select the desired phenotype from a large population in a high-throughput manner. Therefore, a semi-quantitative assay was developed to monitor alcohol production in microtiter cultures of C. acetobutylicum. The applicability of the screening system was evaluated by two examples. First, C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 was chemically mutagenized and subjected to high butanol concentrations as a pre-selection step. Screening of the butanol-tolerant population resulted in the identification of mutants with >20% increased butanol production as compared to the wildtype. The second application example was based on a pre-engineered C. acetobutylicum strain with low acetone biosynthetic activity, but concomitantly reduced butanol titer. After chemical mutagenesis, a total of 4390 clones was analyzed and mutants with significantly increased butanol concentrations and similarly low acetone levels as the parental strain were selected. Thus, the suitability of the semi-quantitative screening system was validated, opening up new perspectives for combinatorial strategies to improve solventogenic clostridia and other biofuel microbes. | 2024-01-08T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/4370 |
2011 Can-Am Spyder Limited trike RT-LTD with 2012 Can-Am Trailer
Recommended Posts
Up for sale is a GENTLY USED 2011 Can-Am Spyder Limited & USED 2012 RT-622 Can-Am Trailer Spyder and trailer still have a transferable factory warrantyIf you want the best that Can-Am Spyder has to offer, this is it! NEW PRICE FOR BOTH: $32,198 MSRP plus over $2000 in add-ons = over $35,000.00!Only 7,300 miles! Price is fantastic: $14999!!! I accept cash, paypal or bank transfer! VIN: 2BXJBDC17BV001222! More info here: [email protected] hotmail. com | 2023-08-28T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/1389 |
State senator from Bradenton says he is grateful for the support
Bradenton state Sen. Bill Galvano is facing criticism from the National Rifle Association after his political committee received a big contribution from a prominent gun control organization.
Following the school shooting in Parkland earlier this year, Galvano helped pass the first significant gun control measures Florida has seen in years. The gun restrictions were paired with a proposal supported by conservatives that allows school districts to arm certain employees — including some teachers — in an effort to gain bipartisan support for the bill.
This month, Everytown for Gun Safety Action Fund contributed $200,000 to Galvano's political committee, Innovate Florida. Galvano, a Republican who is in line to become Senate president this year, is raising big money through the committee to help elect other Republican senators and hold on to the GOP's majority in the Senate.
But former NRA President Marion Hammer is not happy that Galvano is drawing support from a gun control group. Everytown for Gun Safety is a nonprofit that was founded by former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg.
"Looks like our Second Amendment Rights were sold for a large contribution from anti-gun former New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg," Hammer, the NRA's Florida lobbyist, wrote in an email that was sent out Monday.
Galvano defended the legislation he pushed through after the shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School — where 17 people were killed on Feb. 14 — and said he is "grateful" for Everytown's support.
“I will make no apologies for the responsible steps we took in a bipartisan manner in the wake of the worst school shooting in our state’s history," Galvano said in a statement. "I have made it clear that as Senate President I will continue to advocate for increased safety and security in our schools. I am grateful for the support."
Hammer has been critical of lawmakers who supported the school safety bill. The bill provided $400 million to help schools with security efforts, but gun rights advocates did not like provisions in the legislation that increase the age limit for purchasing a shotgun or rifle to 21 and impose a three-day waiting period on gun purchases.
Earlier this year, Hammer sent out an email accusing GOP House Speaker Richard Corcoran of “treachery” and “betrayal” for supporting the bill. | 2024-06-29T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/2244 |
Grace Sanders isn't your normal type of girl. She isn't into pop or rap and absolutely HATES the new age in music. Her mom is a stuck up, selfish rich woman and her sister is exactly like her mother, causing Grace to be rebellious and outgoing. Missing the "Nirvana Days" and being influenced by...
A poem from the sole survivor of an unknown catastrophic event.
We all get tired of being ruled, and not having any say-so in most things, right? Well that's exactly how one animal named Pilot felt, until he deceived some other animals to join him, and begin getting rid of all other human beings. There were just a few humans left in the world and just a few...
Three friends go camping and find themselves fighting for their lives. What happens next? You're gonna have to read it to find out. It's a short story, if I say much more there would be no point in reading it if you knew what happened. ;)
First submission,
tell me how you think it sounds. :)
After experiencing the dream world, Ariadne has been obsessed with it, trying to get in anyway she can. In her dreams though, she has been seeing Cobb, who is still in Limbo. With the rest of the team, will they save Cobb and get him out of Limbo?
I'm not sure this piece of writing can even be called a short story, I made it up as I went along durung Art class in school on the 29th of April this year (2010). It could be called random, but anyway anyone who reads it please let me know what you think and be honest! There are probably many...
The rebellious Kelsi Langton has always been strong. Being a young vampire at the age of 16 can be hard when you are expected to grow to be one of the best fighters. Here at The Castle of Nights are 2 types of vamps.
1. The Evenities= These so happens to be the best vampires. They are...
Mike Sterling becomes the Citizen. As he struggles to liberate his home country by an invading force with a small band of mercenaries he finds himself entangled in political corruption in a totalitarian police state.
My parents decided what’s best for me since before I was even born. What school I was to be accepted in, what university I was to continue my studies at, who I was to marry, the list I swear was endless.
My parents called me their ‘little angel’, only I wasn’t what...
Oil spill in the Gulf as I see it...
Near a 3000 year old Hebrew inscription at a Mountain in New Mexico, Anthropologist Antonio Dominguez falls into a cavern finding two scrolls from King Solomon. These Scrolls indicate Earth and humanity are heading for destruction; the clock is counting down to 2012.
Antonio journeys to find... | 2024-04-13T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/8053 |
Q:
Using information from User Profiles Outside of SharePoint
I'm creating website that creates a page for each person in our department with their contact information. The page can then be linked to from a qr code on a business card.
What is the best way to get the information out of their SharePoint profiles?
edit: I'm not very familiar with creating stuff in Visual Studio. I'm using Ruby on Rails for the website and I've read SharePoint has REST services which would work great but I can't seem to figure out how to access the User Profile information.
A:
You don't need to use Visual Studio. You just need to be able to use a SOAP based web service from Ruby. The documentation for the User Profile web service is here:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa980957(office.12).aspx
| 2024-01-13T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/8034 |
Head Scratcher
Move this interesting looking metal tentacle shaped devise in a scratching motion on your head. You will come away relaxed, and with tingles from head to toe. Your relaxation can not be measured in the amount you've paid for this very curious looking beast. Its a true bargain massage. Try it, you will LOVE it. | 2024-01-05T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/9717 |
Made you look.
David Shannon, president of Freed-Hardeman University, spoke during the Dalraida church of Christ summer series and posed the following questions with scripture to answer them. 1. Are you a loner? Proverbs 18:1 — Whoever isolates himself seeks his own desire; he breaks out against all sound judgment. 2. Are you a bad listener? Proverbs 18:13…
This is going back a ways, but here are two of my favorite shots of registered longhorns captured in the small, Elmore County, Alabama, community of Fleahop. Nancy Dunn’s passion for these gentle giants was evident as we could easily approach them.
I just completed my first food photography class. It was amazing! Within the four hour class time, we were able to compose, photograph and critique our work. This salad took about an hour to compose and photograph. I was blown away by what it took to create a simple picture like this. I am hungry…
I was captured by this rose in a large bouquet of flowers in the middle of a large room. It was surrounded by food tables jutting out in an “X” shape. But as beautiful as the food looked and smelled, it paled in comparison to the beauty of the flowers as they towered above the… | 2024-02-22T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/9147 |
Le Monde tells Hollande: 'Fire Green ministers!'
Le Monde gets political with an editorial calling on François Hollande to fire his Green ministers. Meanwhile, Dominique Strauss-Kahn is tentatively making some media reappearances. And could Facebook affect your employment and health insurance prospects in the future? A Guardian article imagines a "Generation Y nightmare". | 2023-09-12T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/7486 |
Rheumatic disorders of the upper limbs associated with repetitive occupational tasks in Finland in 1975-1979.
This study, which dealt with occupational rheumatic disorders associated with repetitive monotonous working movements, is based on the reports received by the National Board of Labour Protection during the 5-year period 1975-79. Altogether 3 090 cases were analysed. Of these, 2 139 (69.2%) were females and 951 (30.8%) males. The mean age of the patients was 40.7 years; the majority (82.2%) were 30-59 years old. The upper limb was involved in 93% and especially the forearm in 63% of cases. Tenosynovitis and peritendinitis of the hand was present in 58% and epicondylitis in 24%. Other disorders, such as shoulder disorders, neck and low back pain, and disorders of the lower extremities were much less frequent. The incidence of occupational musculoskeletal disorders was highest among female workers in the textile, leather and food industries. On comparing different occupations, butchers and meat cutters had the highest incidences. The patients were treated mostly at occupational health centres (66.2%) and local health centres (27.1%). The data on exposure time was rather meagre. This factor was estimated in only 77% of cases. In these the average exposure time was 2.4 years. | 2024-06-12T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/8090 |
Christ atones definitely
everyone nonetheless benefits in some way from Jesus’ death (e.g. kindness of Christians)
the blessings of the gospel should be preached and freely offered to everyone
But not all Christians agree about the DESIGN, PURPOSE or INTENTION of Jesus’ death.
What did Jesus plan to do, by his death?
What did he actually achieve/win/secure by his death?
Was he successful in doing what he planned to do?
To put it another way:
> When Jesus died, did he simply make it possible for every person to go to heaven … did he make salvation available to every man, woman, boy and girl?
OR
> When Jesus died, did he obtain a definite salvation for all for whom he gave his life?
Did his death result in a possible salvation, or an actual and definite salvation?
Did Jesus die as much for Paul as for Judas, as much for an atheist as a Christian, for those now in heaven as much as for those now in hell? If the answer is ‘yes’, then what makes the difference between being in hell and being in heaven, if it is not the death of Jesus?
>>> The universalist believes that Jesus died for all mankind, and that every person will ultimately be saved.
>>> The arminian believes that Jesus died for all mankind, and no individual in particular, and that his work remains ineffectual unless human faith is added to it.
>>> The calvinist believes that Jesus died for the elect alone, and actually saved them.
WHAT THE BIBLE SAYS
1. God is One
The Father, Son and Holy Spirit, though three persons are one God. Each is in perfect unity with the others. What the Father, loves, the Son and the Spirit love; what the Son seeks, the Father and Spirit also seek, and so on. They are never at odds, but all are committed to the same goals and plans.
The Father, Son and Holy Spirit are as harmoniously active in the new creation, as they were in the old:
in eternity, the Father loved the elect, and determined to save them (Eph 1:4)
in time, the Son comes to give his life for ………………………………………………… (John 6:38,39)
in time also, the Spirit brings the elect to life, by imparting faith to them (Eph 1:13,14, 2:8)
The Father does not choose some to be saved, but the Son resolve to save others as well. He dies with the specific purpose of giving his life for those whom the Father had given him before time, and those alone. (John 6:39, 10:29, 17:2,9,24 etc)
2. The work of Jesus is one
All of Jesus’ work can be summarised as the work of a prophet, priest and king.
The work of the Old Testament priest had 2 major parts:
to pray for the people
to offer sacrifice for their sins
He represented the same group in each work. Those he prays for, are those for whom he offers sacrifice.
We know that when Jesus prays (in his “High priestly prayer” of John 17) he prays:
“not for the world” (17:9) ... but “for those you (Father) have given me, for they are yours” (17:9)
This includes those who, like the disciples heard his Word personally (17:6) and those who, like us, hear his word as it is transmitted to us through them (17:20)
Jesus’ work is one – it all fits together ... those to whom he reveals the truth (17:6), he prays for (17:9) and then dies for. His death is for “the many” (Mk 10:45), “those whom the Father has given me” (John 6:37-39), “my sheep” (Jn 10:11).
3. God always gets what he wants
If God does not get what he wants, and succeed in what he aims to do, then he is no longer God. Job knew that “no plan of yours can be thwarted” (42:2). With God nothing is left to chance. What he plans, he makes happen.
How different, from the ‘gospel’ heard in many churches today:
God the Father sent his Son to die for every single person in the world. He did this because in his love he wanted to save everyone from hell, and give every person the chance to be in heaven. He broke down the obstacles to heaven, and made it possible for anyone and everyone to be saved – if only we will believe. He would like us to believe, and be saved. But God gave us the power of veto … we can choose not to believe, if we wish. And the death of Jesus will be a wasted sacrifice.
This man-made gospel cannot be right because:
If God gave us the power of veto, and left the deciding vote up to us, it would then be possible that no one would believe, and the death of Jesus would be entirely without fruit. Indeed, because we are dead in sins, it is absolutely certain no-one would believe, and Jesus’ death would save no one.
Does God direct the sun to rise, order whom we shall marry, and ordain the day of our death, but leave the most important matter of our salvation, and a reward for Jesus, up to chance?
The Bible does not speak about the possibility, or availability, of salvation, but the certainty of it:
“He redeemed us from the curse of the law, becoming a curse for us” (Gal 3:13)
“He reconciled us to God while we were enemies” (Rom 5:10)
“He bore our sin in his body on the tree” (1 Pet 2:24)
These works are presented as accomplished facts, not potential possibilities.
When God says Jesus died “for” us, it often uses the Greek preposition huper, meaning in place of. It is a word which speaks about substitution – one dying instead of another. He died, and those for whom he died do not. He is punished; they are not. God will not punish the same sin twice. That means Jesus did not atone for those who are in hell – and never intended to. If that is what he intended, that would have happened.
TWO QUESTIONS TO ANSWER
#1. What about the verses that say Jesus died for “all” and “the world” and “all men”?
When the Bible speaks of God loving “all” and “the world”, we must understand what those words mean, in their context, since their use in Mk 1:5, Lu 21:17, Acts 4:21, for example, cannot mean everyone in the world.
Very often “world” and “all” are used to break down the distinctions that we might make, between people of different races etc. They often mean “all without distinction, rather than all without exception”. The temple as “a house of prayer for all people” … for Jew and Gentile, slave and free etc, in opposition to narrow Jewish thinking. Remember from Jn 17 that Jesus specifically says that he does NOT pray for the world ... the Bible is not contradictory!)
1 Tim 2:4, 4:10, 2 Pet 3:9 etcspeak about the kind of people God saves, not that he was trying to save everyone. God saves all kinds of people (1 Tim 2:4); he loves to forgive repentant sinners (2 Pet 3:9), whoever they are, whatever their background and their sin.
#2. What, then, shall we offer to sinners?
Today’s usual evangelical gospel message is “Jesus died for you”. That message cannot be found in even one place in the Bible. That is because:
no one can say that for certain to an unbeliever ... that may not be true.
the evangelistic message is about who Jesus is (Lord and Judge) more than about his work.
What we offer to sinners is Jesus himself, and we call on “all men everywhere to repent” (Acts 17:31) because “God has fixed a day on which he will judge the world in a righteousness by a man he has appointed; and of this he has given assurance to all, by raising him from the dead.”
When people repent and turn to him as Lord, then we assure them that in him there is “forgiveness of sins” (Acts 2:38) and tell them about his death for them, as a matter of first importance (1 Cor 2:1-5, 15:3-5).
One of the reasons we are tempted to tell sinners that God loves them, and Jesus died for them, is to make them feel important and worthy. So we tell them that their destiny is in their hands, and that Jesus has died for them, but he cannot save them until they ‘let’ him. That is not honouring to Jesus ... and it means sinners have no real reason for repenting, except pity for a saviour who would like to help them, but cannot. That is nothing like the gospel we find in Scripture, and is the preaching of a different Jesus.
CHANGING OUR PRACTICE
⇒ We can praise God as we really ought.
When Jesus “sat down” after his work of sacrificing (Heb 10:12) it was because he had finished all the work his father gave him to do to redeem and save eternally those whom the Father had given him. He did not do 50% or even 99% of the work and leave it up to us to supply what was lacking, or to make his work effective.
If it were our faith that makes the difference between heaven and hell, then we would ultimately be saved by our faith, not by Jesus’ death. But we rejoice in the finished work of Christ, now (Gal 2:20) and eternally (Rev 5:9,10).
We have a Saviour who obtained what he paid for. He has redeemed, reconciled and justified us, and secured faith and all other gospel blessings for us. It is his faith(ful work) that saves us, not our faith. Study Galatians 2:16.
⇒ We have a real Jesus to preach.
Others may preach a Jesus who would like to save, but cannot until people allow him ... or a Jesus who won a possible salvation. But we preach a real Saviour, the Lord and King of everyone and everything. Believing in the “would-like-to-save-you” Jesus will never be enough for those whose faith grows weak, and whose sin is large.
VOICES FROM THE PAST
We say Christ so died that he infallibly secured the salvation of a multitude that no man can number, who through Christ’s death not only may be saved, but are saved, must be saved, and cannot by any possibility run the hazard of being anything but saved. (Spurgeon)
If we start by affirming that God has a saving love for all, and Christ died a saving death for all ... we have not exalted Christ and the Cross; we have cheapened them. We have limited the atonement far more drastically than Calvinism does. For whereas Calvinism asserts that Christ’s death, as such, saves all whom it was meant to save, this way denies that Christ’s death, as such, is sufficient to save any of them. Perhaps we have also trivialised faith and repentance in order to make this assurance plausible (it’s very simple – just open your heart to the Lord …). Certainly, we have effectively denied God’s sovereignty, and undermined the basic conviction of religion – that man is in God’s hands. In truth, we have lost a great deal. And it is, perhaps, no wonder that our preaching begets so little reverence and humility, and that our professing converts are so self-confident and so deficient in self-knowledge. (J.I.Packer) | 2023-11-24T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/3193 |
Q:
Primitive Dirichlet Character
Let $\chi$ be the trivial Dirichlet character mod $N$. What is the primitive Dirichlet character associated to $\chi$? Is it just the character on $\mathbb{Z}$ that sends all integers to 1?
A:
Yes, exactly. :)
Here are more characters to meet the minimum.
| 2024-07-23T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/6677 |
Investigation of lotic microbial aggregates by a combined technique of fluorescent in situ hybridization and lectin-binding-analysis.
A technique combining fluorescent in situ hybridization and lectin-binding-analysis (FISH-LBA) was developed and applied for the simultaneous detection of cellular components and glycoconjugates in lotic microbial aggregates (river snow). River snow aggregates were directly collected from the bulk water phase into coverslip chambers, in which the complete procedure including fixation, fluorescent in situ hybridization, lectin-binding and optical analysis by confocal laser scanning microscopy was performed. Neither autofluorescence originating from phyotosynthetic organisms nor inorganic particles did negatively interfere with the FISH-LBA technique. In river snow samples obtained from the river Elbe, Germany, distinct compartments of the river snow structure could be visualized with FITC-labelled lectins from Triticum vulgaris, Limulus polyphemus, Arachis hypogaea, Phaseolus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, binding to frequently occurring saccharide residues in the river snow matrix. The analysis could be performed on different levels of complexity. The combined technique visualized bacteria of different phylogenetic groups in the entire river snow structure as well as glycoconjugate components linked with various microcolonies. Different lectins stained slime layers and cell-envelopes of individual eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Consequently, application of the FISH-LBA technique allows the linkage between cellular and glycoconjugate identity in complex microbial communities. | 2024-02-01T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/1373 |
American Go E-Journal » 2015 » April
The deadline to apply for the 2015 Collegiate Go Tournament being held in Taiwan this summer has been extended to May 1st. This event is opento any current, future, or recently graduated college(both undergraduate and graduate) student, who will or has attended school in the year 2015. All costs related to room, board, tours, and travel during the event will be covered by the Ing foundation. Organizer Mike Fodera says that the event is meant for students of any playing strength to participate, and will have four divisions so that everyone will be able to play someone around their rank. Find out more information about the tournament — and the forms to register — on the ACGA’s website.
Players at the March 28 Boston Spring Open were greeted by a beautiful spring day: bright sun, birds chirping, warm breezes… wait, is that snow I see outside? So, players at the Boston Spring Open braved another harsh Boston spring to compete at the Microsoft NERD center overlooking a frozen Charles River. However, the atmosphere inside heated up quickly, as participants battled through four rounds to top their division.
The Boston Open is the first in a new series of tournaments that introduces a new format: players are split into divisions about five ranks wide and play all even games, except for the 6k – 15k range who play with handicap. This led to many competitive games and a few upsets, although this time the highest ranked players won their divisions. Full results are below.
Special thanks to Andrew Hall, who willed the tournament into existence, and Chun Sun, who arranged for space at the NERD center and dealt with much of the logistics. Also, thanks to Kate Baxter for helping to pick up coffee and donuts, as well as Neil Ritter for generously making his boards, stones, and clocks available for general use.- Walther Chen; photos by Chun Sun 5d and Chanho Park; click here for the complete album.
Winner Report: 47 people participated in the tournament, divided into four divisions, with cash prizes for the top three places in each.
Junnun Jiang Wins the British Open: The British Open was part of the British Go Congress and it was held this year in the Prince Rupert Hotel in Shrewsbury. The Open was played on Saturday and Sunday, with the BGA AGM held on the Saturday evening in between. 68 players took part. The winner was Junnan Jiang 4d with 6 wins and the runner-up was Alex Kent 3d with 5 wins.
Alistair Wall Misses Record by Half Point: Alistair Wall 2d scored a massive 45 points to win the Stacey Grand Prix, the grand prix for most games won in the top group at a year’s tournaments. The record of 45.5 points was set in 1996 by Francis Roads. Ironically, the game that cost Alistair the record was against Francis at the 2014 Mind Sports Olympiad, where Alistair passed with a dame point left on the board and lost the game by half a point.
Registration for the 2015 AGA Go Camp is now open. The Go Camp will be held from July 18th to July 25th at YMCA Camp Kern in Oregonia, OH, about half an hour from Cincinnati. Camp directors Amanda Miller and Nano Rivera invite campers of all skill levels, between the ages of 8 and 18 to join them for a week of go-playing and fun. Youth who played in the NAKC or the Redmond Cup are eligible for a $400 scholarship, and need-based scholarships of up to $250 are also available. For more information on the latest camp-related news, and to download the registration forms, please visit the camp website. Any questions can be e-mailed to Amanda Miller at agagocampeast@gmail.com.- Story and photo by Amanda Miller: Yilun Yang 7P plays a simul at last year’s camp. | 2024-01-17T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/3316 |
SGP Linear Blitz Case for iPhone 4S and iPhone 4 review
The SGP Linear Blitz Case for iPhone 4S and iPhone is simply beautiful and the attention to detail is exquisite. The SGP Linear Blitz Case has rounded, two metallic-looking sides. The main, top part is finished in champagne gold while the the lower portion is finished in satin sliver. The back comes in red, gunmetal gray, and black. I took a look at the red version and... my, oh my.
The gold and silver sections of the side treatment aren't just decorative, they're functional. They come up slightly higher than the edges of your iPhone to protect it should you desire to put it face down on the table. They also delineate where the SHP Linear Blitz Case comes apart. To take it off, simply remove the bottom section, slip the metal backplate out, and take off the top.
There are good sized cutouts for all the ports. The ones around the dock port, 3.5mm headset jack, sleep/wake button, camera, and volume controls are all well crafted and well spaced. The one around the Apple logo is just stunning. Instead of the usual circle, they've traced the edges of the logo. They've also got the same metallic finish as the edges of the case, and it really shines against the brushed red of the backplate.
Now some may worry about the size of the case and it is bigger than a skin case. It's supposed to be.The SGP Linear Blitz Case isn't about minimalism. It's about protecting your iPhone and being stylish about it.
The good
Stunning looking
Easy to put on/take off
Apple logo cutout
The bad
Bulkier than a skin case
The bottom line
The SGP Linear Blitz is simply one of the hottest iPhone cases I've ever seen. It's bulkier than ultra-light or feather cases, but offers more protection. The Apple logo cutout is simply amazing. If you don't mind trading a little extra size for incredible good looks, the SGP Linear Blitz Case is for you.
Reader comments
SGP Linear Blitz Case for iPhone 4S and iPhone 4 review
Georgia,
You description sold me on the case. Went to Amazon to buy it and, after reading all the negative comments, have decided it's not right for me.
You seem to have received one that's better finished... Also, it appears that you might need to check that your reception has not impacted (like others have reported).
The case is beautiful and still fits in most carrying cases designed for the phone because it slips in so easily. Which I might say is it's biggest drawback. The case is so slippery it's very likely to slip right through your hands and has slipped through mine on many occasions.. Still, it is one of the nicest looking cases I've seen.
Really interesting. I have gone to look at the reviews on other sites but I haven't found any of the issues.
Now I don't know if the newer models are better or if I got a really good one but I haven't had any reception issues and I don't find the sides slippery.
Really love it and it has been on my phone for 2 weeks but ill keep you posted. Perhaps our site has the newer model of the case? No clue but if someone gets the case let me know and we can compare.
Now I also get the case from our store model the same as anyone else so I get a shipping model.
Georgia, All I can say that maybe your hands are stickier than most lol. No joke, I have a good grip but that phone in the SGP Linear Blitz Black case has literally shot out of my hand across the room. Although, to it's credit the case didn't come apart and my 4s didn't suffer a scratch. | 2023-11-12T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/4401 |
Industrial-scale catalytic gas phase oxidation reaction generally uses a fixed-bed reactor in which a starting compound-containing gas is made to pass through a reaction tube filled with catalyst and is thus allowed, to react. In particular for the production of (meth)acrolein and (meth)acrylic acid by catalytic gas-phase oxidation reaction of propylene, propane, isobutylene, etc., as a raw material compound, there has widely been employed a catalytic gas-phase oxidation reaction with a fixed bed multitubular reactor which is filled with solid particulate heterogeneous catalyst. Solid particulate heterogeneous catalyst which is to be used for this purpose generally includes a molded catalyst (unsupported catalyst) which is composed of active ingredients which have been molded into a specific geometric shape and a supported catalyst which is composed of a carrier material which has a geometric shape like that of molded catalyst and which has been coated with active ingredients (Patent Document 1).
Most popular for producing acrylic acid with a fixed-bed multitubular reactor which is filled with solid particulate heterogeneous catalyst is a method of two-step catalytic gas-phase oxidation by which acrolein is mainly obtained by catalytic gas-phase oxidation of propylene, and, then, acrylic acid is obtained by catalytic gas-phase oxidation of thus obtained acrolein. Also for the second step reaction of producing acrylic acid by the oxidation of acrolein, there have been proposed various methods for producing acrylic acid with a high yield. Most of such proposals relate to molybdenum-vanadium catalysts each of which mainly comprises molybdenum and vanadium which are used in the above-mentioned reaction, in detail to the composition, shape, physical properties of the catalysts and how to produce the same (Patent Documents 2, 3, and the like). There have also been made some proposals which relate to how to fill reaction tubes of a fixed-bed multitubular reactor with catalyst (Patent Documents 4, 5 and 6). | 2023-09-16T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/4491 |
Research consultants: To hire or not to hire
For cash-strapped dot-coms these days, getting their names in a Forrester Research report seems nearly as important to establish their brand as getting their names on Times Square billboards.
But what price are they willing to pay for expertise? Becoming a research consultancy client is an expensive proposition: Annual fees range from $18,000 to more than $100,000 for top-tier consultancies depending on the services provided. That's no small change, especially for a start-up with limited venture capital. And becoming a client of a research consultancy doesn't guarantee a company instant fame, especially if the consultancy thinks the client's business model stinks.
With limited time and money to burn, dot-coms must carefully weigh contracting with researchers as a marketing expense while they navigate the waters toward profitability.
EXPOSURE FOR EDUCATION
Consultancies such as Forrester, Gartner Group, Jupiter Communications and Yankee Group make money by bringing companies on as clients. Jupiter, a unit of Jupiter Media Metrix, earned $24.8 million in revenue from research services for the six months ended June 30, up from $8.2 million in the same period in 1999. In a mutually beneficial relationship, clients get feedback, guidance and exposure, and analysts get educated about the state of the industry.
"Research analysts play a pivotal role in helping to, in the early stages of a company's life, validate or invalidate pieces of a business model," said Nathaniel Clevenger, VP-corporate and public affairs practice group at KVO Public Relations. The Portland, Ore., PR agency helps a number of dot-coms craft strategy and often refers them to research consultancies for additional expertise.
Research consultancies, he said, are particularly helpful to dot-coms, which are "inherently youthful and therefore idealistic." Said Mr. Clevenger: "It's kind of like rent-a-brain."
"There's an obvious benefit," said Kate Berg, director of corporate communications at Jupiter. "The most obvious would be the
opportunity to brief analysts and not only have them become aware of your business model, but also have them be available for press comment. Also the data and research available to a company on the market is critical for anyone who's going to be wanting to set up shop."
Jupiter charges clients an average annual fee of $40,000 for its services. Prospective clients get a "one-shot opportunity to put [their] best foot forward" in a free briefing with a Jupiter analyst, Ms. Berg said. After about 45 minutes, analysts provide feedback. Then companies decide whether to enter into a "contract relationship" with Jupiter, Ms. Berg said. Non-clients may not quote Jupiter research in news releases.
CBS SportsLine.com has been with Jupiter since its inception in 1995, said Larry Kruger, VP-marketing, and being a client has its rewards for the site.
"There are certain benefits and services that you only get if you are a paid, ongoing client," Mr. Kruger said. SportsLine is "every so often mentioned in reports" and is able to refer reporters to Jupiter analysts.
Mr. Kruger declined to disclose how much SportsLine pays Jupiter. "It's sensitive information, probably because we are getting a reasonable price break because of our longstanding relationship," he said. "We've been able to broker a deal that is very favorable for us."
SUCCESS NOT CERTAIN
Other Jupiter clients include America Online, Inktomi, Mall.com, MP3.com and RealNetworks. Hiring a well-known consultancy is no guarantee of success: Jupiter consulted with Value America, an e-tailer that filed for bankruptcy protection in August.
Inktomi also is a client of Forrester, Giga Information Group and International Data Corp. The search-engine technology provider contracted with the four since each has its own strength, a spokeswoman said. Forrester has analysts that do a good job of "reaching out," the spokeswoman said, making an effort to visit the company on a regular basis. Jupiter offers good research, but in-person briefings often require Inktomi executives to visit Jupiter's offices.
Forrester's full advisory services start at $30,000. Dot-com clients benefit from "the ideas, the perspectives and the value for those companies," said Jim Nail, senior analyst at Forrester. "If they are trying to make strategic decisions, they need the broader picture of what direction the industry is taking."
Mr. Nail said some analyst groups charge just for writing a report featuring a company. In that case, the company's goal is more likely getting an analyst-branded marketing tool. When he was director of marketing at ad network Adsmart in 1997, Mr. Nail picked Aberdeen Group to "write a marketing piece for us" for about $8,000.
A spokeswoman at Aberdeen said: "We're not in the position of evaluating companies for end users or consumers." Rather, Aberdeen helps companies "articulate and determine their value proposition" to help them best position themselves in the market, she said.
Forrester doesn't offer such a service. "Forrester's value is a high-level perspective, totally objective," Mr. Nail said. "We tell as best we can in our vision what the truth is."
ACCESS CRUCIAL
Yankee Group, which Reuters Group acquired in June, charges an annual minimum of $26,000. But Marty Kurowski, VP-marketing and events, cautioned: "We don't keep it at a fixed or rigid price." Rather, the company charges clients depending on what round of funding they've secured, the type of business they're in, the size of their revenue and the extent to which they are in the process of change, he said. A paid relationship with Yankee Group affords clients monthly research reports and "instantaneous access to our analysts."
Yankee Group grants free vendor briefings "as long as it fits into an area that we cover," he said. "The real value is using us as a strategic partner to help you grow your business. If you look at it that way, it's not a bad investment."
Industry experts agree that contracting with research consultancies could cost too much for some. "For a small mom-and-pop dot-com, it could probably be a little too expensive for their needs," said SportsLine's Mr. Kruger.
"Their pricing structures are so high that it does often exclude the small to midsize companies," those with $10 million to $50 million in funding, said Mr. Clevenger. "They find it extremely difficult to justify a $100,000 expense to an analyst when they are trying to get their act together."
Critics argue Internet consultancies charge high prices of dot-coms they know are well-funded. But Forrester, for example, said it does not recommend its $30,000 product package to start-up companies. Rather, Forrester offers summary research packages that can be licensed for $1,500 to $2,500.
DOES MONEY SKEW COMMENTARY?
Some industry players question whether client relationships skew what consultancies say about clients and non-clients in reports and media commentary.
"I have seen really strong businesses we've worked with that didn't buy the service of a particular analyst and (were) not referenced in a report," Mr. Clevenger said. "If you paid, are you then given favorability? You might find some of that."
But Mr. Clevenger was quick to note: "Of all the [analysts] I've worked with, these guys have solid reputations and they are the high priests of ethics."
To maintain objectivity, Mr. Nail said Forrester will meet with non-clients, mention them in reports and let them use Forrester as a media reference; will omit clients from reports if they are not relevant or appropriate; and will write reports criticizing clients.
Likewise, Yankee's business is to provide unbiased research and analysis, Mr. Kurowski said.
Part of maintaining objectivity is meeting with non-client companies just to stay knowledgeable.
"The analysts are only as good as what they cover," said Pam Brewster, VP-marketing communications at OneCore, a company that provides online financial services for small businesses. OneCore has briefed several consultancies, such as Forrester, Jupiter, Meridien Research, Summit Strategies and Yankee -- all without paying a fee. "If you are perceived as being an innovator in your space, [the analysts] are going to be interested in your story," whether or not you are a client.
Still, OneCore is weighing hiring one consultancy to get "more personal attention from the analysts" and research to back up the company's claims, Ms. Brewster said. So it was worthwhile for consultants to give OneCore a free visit that could lead to a paid engagement. | 2023-12-17T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/1241 |
Richard Leonard tells Labour leadership candidates they must listen to the party in Scotland
Richard Leonard has told Labour's leadership candidates they must listen to the party in Scotland.
By Scotsman Reporter Friday, 24th January 2020, 6:07 pm
Scottish Labour leader said those standing in the race need to allow colleagues at Holyrood to determine the party's stance on issues such as the constitution. Picture: John Devlin
The Scottish Labour leader said those standing in the race need to allow colleagues at Holyrood to determine the party's stance on issues such as the constitution.
Last year, shadow chancellor John McDonnell was criticised by some within the party after he intervened in the debate by saying Labour would not block another referendum from being held.
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Speaking on a visit to a Men's Shed in Shettleston on Friday, Mr Leonard said: "I've made clear to all of the candidates that in my view decisions on the Scottish constitutional question, for example, should be made by the Scottish Labour Party.
"I've also made clear that the next big electoral challenge the Labour Party faces in the UK are the Welsh Assembly and the Scottish Parliament elections in 2021.
• READ MORE: Richard Leonard: Why Scotland now needs an urgent devolution plan"So we will be looking for support, we will be looking for political and organisational support in this elections."
He added: "We are a party which is organised right across these shared islands and I think that's a strength.
"From what I've tried to say to anybody who's standing, either for the leadership or the deputy leadership of the Labour Party, is that it's good that they are understanding that Scotland is a key battleground for the Labour Party if it is to win power back at a UK level, but they need to listen to the Scottish Labour Party."
• READ MORE: SNP’s independence plans would leave £100 billion bill, says Richard LeonardMr Leonard also reiterated his position in favour of home rule within the UK, although outlined his view that having such an option on the ballot paper in any future independence vote would prove difficult.
"Home rule is a long-standing tradition of the Labour Party," he said.
"We have always envisaged a strong Scottish Parliament but within the United Kingdom so that we would still send MPs to Westminster, that we would still see that the pooling and sharing at a UK level of defence, foreign policy, elements of macroeconomic policy, pooling and sharing of welfare, makes a huge amount of sense.
"If we're going to see a redistribution of wealth and power, which as a Labour Party is something we stand for, then it makes sense to do that at a level where there can be a meaningful redistribution of wealth from the very rich to the poorer parts of society.
"I think that makes sense to be implemented at a UK level."
He added: "There are things that we can do in Scotland as well but I think a lot of that makes sense to he done at a UK level.
"We're clear that we do not favour a second independence referendum. We are not in favour of independence.
"The offer has been made in the past by Nicola Sturgeon to other parties to consider whether a third question could be put on the ballot paper. | 2024-04-09T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/5907 |
Now just imagine what if Rep. Ron Paul somehow got elected -- any last
vestige of the Black middle class would be completely swept away during
the cleansing of the government payrolls.
Black people are reliant on government jobs; we've talked about it many times at SBPDL, but The New York Times
recently put an exclamation point on this subject that illustrates the
meme "Asteroid destroys earth, women and minorities suffer greatest" to a
T:
Don Buckley lost his job driving a Chicago
Transit Authority bus almost two years ago and has been looking for
work ever since, even as other municipal bus drivers around the country
are being laid off.
At 34, Mr. Buckley, his two daughters and his fiancée have moved
into the basement of his mother’s house. He has had to delay his
marriage, and his entire savings, $27,000, is gone. “I was the kind of
person who put away for a rainy day,” he said recently. “It’s flooding
now.”
Mr. Buckley is one of tens of thousands of once solidly middle-class
African-American government workers — bus drivers in Chicago, police
officers and firefighters in Cleveland, nurses and doctors in Florida —
who have been laid off since the recession
ended in June 2009. Such job losses have blunted gains made in
employment and wealth during the previous decade and undermined the
stability of neighborhoods where there are now fewer black professionals
who own homes or who get up every morning to go to work.
Though the recession and continuing economic downturn have been
devastating to the American middle class as a whole, the two and a half
years since the declared end of the recession have been singularly
harmful to middle-class blacks in terms of layoffs and unemployment,
according to economists and recent government data. About one in five
black workers have public-sector jobs, and African-American workers are
one-third more likely than white ones to be employed in the public
sector.
“The reliance on these jobs has provided African-Americans a path upward,” said Robert H. Zieger,
emeritus professor of history at the University of Florida, and the
author of a book on race and labor. “But it is also a vulnerability.” A study
by the Center for Labor Research and Education at the University of
California this spring concluded, “Any analysis of the impact to society
of additional layoffs in the public sector as a strategy to address
the fiscal crisis should take into account the disproportionate impact
the reductions in government employment have on the black community.”
Jobless rates among blacks have consistently been about double those of
whites. In October, the black unemployment rate was 15.1 percent,
compared with 8 percent for whites. Last summer, the black unemployment
rate hit 16.7 percent, its highest level since 1984.
Economists say there are probably a variety of reasons for the racial
gap, including generally lower educational levels for African-Americans,
continuing discrimination and the fact that many live in areas that
have been slow to recover economically.
Though the precise number of African-Americans who have lost
public-sector jobs nationally since 2009 is unclear, observers say the
current situation in Chicago is typical. There, nearly two-thirds of 212
city employees facing layoffs are black, according to the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees Union.
The central role played by government employment in black communities
is hard to overstate. African-Americans in the public sector earn 25
percent more than other black workers, and the jobs have long been
regarded as respectable, stable work for college graduates, allowing
many to buy homes, send children to private colleges and achieve other
markers of middle-class life that were otherwise closed to them.
Blacks have relied on government jobs in large numbers since at least
Reconstruction, when the United States Postal Service hired freed
slaves. The relationship continued through a century during which racial
discrimination barred blacks from many private-sector jobs, and
carried over into the 1960s when government was vastly expanded to
provide more services, like bus lines to new suburbs, additional public
hospitals and schools, and more.
But during the past year, while the private sector has added 1.6
million jobs, state and local governments have shed at least 142,000
positions, according to the Labor Department. Those losses are in
addition to 200,000 public-sector jobs lost in 2010 and more than
500,000 since the start of the recession. The layoffs are only the latest piece of bad news for the nation’s struggling black middle class.A study by the Brookings Institution in 2007
found that fewer than one-third of blacks born to middle-class parents
went on to earn incomes greater than their parents, compared with more
than two-thirds of whites from the same income bracket. The
foreclosure crisis also wiped out a large part of a generation of black
homeowners.
The layoffs are not expected to end any time soon. The United States Postal Service, where about 25 percent of employees are black, is considering eliminating 220,000 positions
in order to stay solvent, and areas with large black populations —
from urban Detroit to rural Jefferson County, Miss. — are struggling
with budget problems that could also lead to mass layoffs.
Mr. Buckley, the unemployed Chicago bus driver who now lives in his
mother’s basement, said his mother, a Postal Service employee, had grown
tired of him “eating up all her food.”
“She’s ready for me to get up out of here,” he said. In the meantime,
Mr. Buckley says his life has drifted into the tedium of looking for
decent-paying jobs that do not exist.
“I was living the American dream — my version of the American dream,”
he said of his $23.76-an-hour job. “Then it crumbled. They get you used
to having things and then they take them away, and you realize how
lucky you were.” No Mr. Buckley, you were
living the Black-Run America (BRA) dream, which a dwindling majority -
of primarily white - Americans pay to keep afloat. Because for more than
50 years we have spent lavishly to make that dream a reality, the
consequences of this policy are nightmarishly transpiring before our
eyes (remember the Section 8 riot in Atlanta or the Detroit stimulus
money fiasco?).
Because not only are African-Americans
disproportionately the beneficiaries of federal programs, from the
Earned Income Tax Credit to aid for education and student loans, they
are even more over-represented in the federal workforce than they are
on state payrolls. Though
10 percent of the U.S. civilian labor force, African-Americans are 18
percent of U.S. government workers. They are 25 percent of the
employees at Treasury and Veterans Affairs, 31 percent of the State
Department, 37 percent of Department of Education employees and 38
percent of Housing and Urban Development. They are 42 percent of the
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and Pension Benefit Guaranty
Corp., 55 percent of the employees at the Government Printing Office and
82 percent at the Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency. When
the Obama administration suggested shutting down Fannie Mae and
Freddie Mac, the mortgage giants whose losses of $150 billion have had
to be made up by taxpayers, The Washington Post warned, in a story
headlined, “Winding Down Fannie and Freddie Could Put Minority Careers
at Risk,” that 44 percent of Fannie employees and 50 percent of
Freddie’s were persons of color.There is a war on white
America. It didn't start with Mein Obama but his election has put a
paperbag test passing face on that war. Same goes with Eric "My People"
Holder. In March of 2012, you'll find out more in Down to Slavery: Obama's War on White America.
Tavis Smiley said that 2012 would be the most racial divisive election
in American history.We'll do our part to show voters the truth of BRA
and who helped erect this system (the answer is members of both
political organizations); help us do that by making a contribution to
SBPDL via PayPal or send a message to SBPDL1@gmail.com. For each
donation of $100, you'll get copies of all three published books, plus
the soon-to-be published SBPDL Episode II.
Now, more than ever, is the time to take SBPDL to the next level (and a new site) Help us accomplish that.
Liveleak opposes racial slurs - if you do spot comments that fall into this category, please report them for us to review.
"Fall of Black Middle Class" Your fuckin kidding right? they walk around w/ wads of 100's and get food stamps/ make babies/ sell crack, Not all but most and definitely not Hussein Bary Ubamer but his Bro is smokin joe yo...
Posted Dec-6-2011 By
T_Bone69
Our own United States government is the biggest RACIST around!!!
African-Americans are:
10 percent of the U.S. civilian labor force
25 percent of the employees at Treasury and Veterans Affairs
31 percent of the State Department
37 percent of Department of Education
38 percent of Housing and Urban Development
42 percent of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and Pension Benefit Guaranty Corp
55 percent of the employees at the Government Printing Office
82 percent at the Court Services anMore..d Offender Supervision Agency
44 percent of Fannie(Mae) employees
50 percent of Freddie(Mac) employeesLess..
thoth1
Posted Dec-6-2011 By
Pestis
If they only depend on Govt Jobs,.. well,.. that is the problem right there in front of you,.
you can't depend on Govt jobs,especially ones paid for with Fed Air Money,..
you need to get real jobs,from the private sector,.or even one better,.
CREATE ONE YOURSELF!
Posted Dec-6-2011 By
patriots_act
@patriots_act
sooner or later,the Govt is going to have to invest into the private sector with our tax dollars instead of employing the Military Complex,and investing into stupid Nation Building,
and invest in us for once,something this Congress & current President have forgotten,.Obama is all talk,. | 2024-01-28T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/3441 |
Q:
DLL cannot be found because the file name is different than the one referenced?
I have been baffled on how can this be happening.
So heres the deal, im trying to play a V2M chiptune with a dll called NV2.dll
Its referenced, and I used its functions like normal.
BUT when i try to run the application i get
Unable to load DLL 'V2.dll': The specified module could not be found. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x8007007E)
The referenced DLL i used is called NV2, I have checked it, the assembly goes by NV2, not V2, why is it trying to load a dll with a different name?!
A:
So obviously, there is a reference to V2.dll inside the NV2.dll. Either the documentation is just shitty or you didn't notice that part, but inside the constructor of the NV2 class they try to write that V2.dll, which is saved inside the Resources of the dll as a byte[] V2 to disk, namely to the directory C:\Windows\system32. Code:
public NV2()
{
List<WeakReference> _ENCList = NV2.__ENCList;
Monitor.Enter(_ENCList);
try
{
NV2.__ENCList.Add(new WeakReference(this));
}
finally
{
Monitor.Exit(_ENCList);
}
//Here comes the part that writes the resources
FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(string.Concat(Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.System), "\\V2.dll"), FileMode.OpenOrCreate);
fileStream.Write(Resources.V2, 0, checked((int)Resources.V2.Length));
fileStream.Close();
}
Meaning that either in your application you first have to do a
var engine = new NV2(); //triggers the constructor code
to trigger that, or you go hardcore on that and dump the byte[] from their dll.
I've dumped that file here for you and zipped it: http://www.file-upload.net/download-11263190/V2.zip.html
(You could have done that by saving the project using teleriks decompiler, fixing the errors in the ressources, changing the project to a console project, then coding a Main function like)
using System.IO;
using NV2.My.Resources;
namespace NV2
{
class MainClass
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
FileStream fileStream = new FileStream("V2.dll", FileMode.OpenOrCreate);
fileStream.Write(Resources.V2, 0, checked((int)Resources.V2.Length));
fileStream.Close();
}
}
}
| 2024-06-11T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/9098 |
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a semiconductor device and is particularly suitable for a semiconductor device incorporating both an analog circuit and a digital circuit.
2. Description of the Related Art
FIG. 1 shows a conventional vertical npn bipolar transistor used as a high-speed bipolar transistor. As shown in FIG. 1, in the high-speed bipolar transistor 101 in form of the vertical npn bipolar transistor, an n-type epitaxial layer 103 is grown on a p-type silicon (Si) substrate 102. The Si substrate 102 has formed an n.sup.+ -type buried diffusion layer 104 in its upper portion so as to bite into a lower portion of the n-type epitaxial layer 103. Formed on the n-type epitaxial layer 103 is a device separating region 105 made of an oxide to isolate the high-speed bipolar transistor 101 from another device. Formed under the device separating region 105 is a p.sup.+ -type device separating diffusion region 106 extending into the Si substrate 102.
A p-type base layer 107 is formed in an upper portion of the n-type epitaxial layer 103 surrounded by the device separating region 105, and a p.sup.+ -type graft base layer 108 is formed in opposite ends of the base layer 107 in connection therewith. An n.sup.+ -type emitter layer 109 lies on the base layer 107, and an n.sup.+ -type collector lead-out layer 110 is formed in the n-type epitaxial layer 103 in connection with the buried diffusion layer 104 in a location distant from the graft base layer 108.
A first oxide film 111 lies on the n-type epitaxial layer 103 and has formed an aperture 112 above the graft base layer 108. Formed on the first oxide film 111 is a base lead-out electrode 113 connected to the graft base layer 108 through the aperture 112. The base lead-out electrode 113 is covered by a second oxide film 114 formed on the first oxide film 111. The second oxide film 114 has formed an aperture 114a above the emitter layer 109, and its inner wall is covered by a side wall film 116 made of silicon oxide (SiO.sub.2). The inner side of the side wall film 116 is used as an emitter aperture 116a through which an emitter lead-out electrode 117 is connected to the emitter layer 109.
Further formed are a base electrode 118 connected to the base lead-out electrode 113 through an aperture 114b formed in the second oxide film 114, an emitter electrode 119 connected to the emitter lead-out electrode 117 through the emitter aperture 116a, and a collector electrode 120 connected to the collector lead-out layer 110 through an aperture 114c formed in the second oxide film 114 and an aperture 111a formed in the first oxide film 111.
Next shown is a conventional vertical npn bipolar transistor used as a high voltage-resistant bipolar transistor. As shown in FIG. 2, in the high voltage-resistant bipolar transistor 121 in form of the vertical npn bipolar transistor, grown on a p-type Si substrate 122 is an n-type epitaxial layer 123 thicker than the n-type epitaxial layer 103 of the high-sped bipolar transistor 101 shown in FIG. 1. The Si substrate 122 has formed an n.sup.+ -type buried diffusion layer 124 in its upper portion to bite into a lower portion of the n-type epitaxial layer 123. The buried diffusion layer 124 is deeper than the buried diffusion layer 104 in the high-speed bipolar transistor 101. Formed in the n-type epitaxial layer 123 is a device separating region 125 to isolate the high voltage-resistant bipolar transistor 122 from another device. Formed below the device separating region 125 is a p.sup.+ -type device separating diffusion region 126 extending into the Si substrate 122.
A p-type base layer 127 is formed in an upper portion of the n-type epitaxial layer 123 surrounded by the device separating diffusion region 126, and a p.sup.+ -type graft base layer 128 is formed in opposite sides of the base layer 127 in connection therewith. An n.sup.+ -type emitter layer 129 lies on the base layer 127, and an n.sup.+ -type collector lead-out layer 130 is formed in the n-type epitaxial layer 123 in connection with the buried diffusion layer 124.
A first oxide film 131 lies on the n-type epitaxial layer 123 and has formed an aperture 131a above the graft base layer 128. Formed on the first oxide film 131 is a base lead-out electrode 132 connected to the graft base layer 128 through the aperture 131a. The base lead-out electrode 132 is covered by a second oxide film 133 formed on the first oxide film 131. The second oxide film 133 has formed an aperture 133a above the emitter layer 129, and its inner wall is covered by a side wall film 134 made of SiO.sub.2. The inner side of the side wall film 134 is used as an emitter aperture 134a through which an emitter lead-out electrode 135 is connected to the emitter layer 129.
Further formed are a base electrode 136 connected to the base lead-out electrode 132 through an aperture 133b formed in the second oxide film 133, an emitter electrode 137 connected to the emitter lead-out electrode 135 through the emitter aperture 134a, and a collector electrode 138 connected to the collector lead-out layer 130 through an aperture 133c formed in the second oxide film 133 and an aperture 131b formed in the first oxide film 131.
Next explained are distributions of impurity concentration in the depth direction of the high-speed bipolar transistor 101 and the high voltage-resistant bipolar transistor, both taken along the A--A lines, with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. In these drawings, the ordinate shows impurity concentration in logarithm of arbitrary unit, and the abscissa shows the depth from the surface of the epitaxial layers 103, 123 formed on the Si substrate 102, 122.
As shown in FIG. 3, the distribution of impurity concentration in the depth direction of the high-speed bipolar transistor 121 is characterized in that the n-type epitaxial layer 103 is thin and exhibits a high impurity concentration.
In the impurity concentration of the high voltage-resistant bipolar transistor 121 in FIG. 4, the n.sup.+ -type emitter layer 129 and the p-type Si substrate 122 have substantially the same impurity concentrations as those of the emitter layer 109 and the Si substrate 102 of the high-speed bipolar transistor 101, but the n-type epitaxial layer 123 has a larger thickness and a lower impurity concentration than those of the n-type epitaxial layer 103 of the high-speed bipolar transistor 101. Additionally, the p-type base layer 127 is generally thicker than the base-layer 107 of the high-speed bipolar transistor 101.
To realize a high voltage-resistance BVcbo in a bipolar transistor, in general, its n-type epitaxial layer must have a low impurity concentration and an ample thickness.
Next shown in FIG. 5 is a conventional bipolar CMOS IC having an n-channel MOS transistor and a vertical npn bipolar transistor. As shown in FIG. 5, in the n-channel MOS transistor 141, an n-type epitaxial layer 143 is grown on a p-type Si substrate 142, and a p.sup.+ -type diffusion layer 144 is formed in an upper portion of the Si substrate 142 and in the n-type epitaxial layer 143. The n-type epitaxial layer 143 has formed a device separating region 145 made of an oxide to isolate the n-channel MOS transistor 141 from another device. A p-type well region 146 is formed in a portion surrounded by the device separating region 145 which has formed, in its upper portion, an n.sup.+ -type source region 147 and a drain region 148 in self alignment, and a p.sup.+ -type diffusion region 149. A gate electrode 151 covered by an oxide film 152 is formed on a portion of the p-type well region 146 between the source region 147 and the drain region 148 via a gate oxide film 150. The oxide film 152 covers the entire surface of the n-type epitaxial layer 143. The oxide film 152 has formed apertures in predetermined portions. Through the apertures, the source electrode 153 is formed and connected to the source region 147 and the diffusion region 149, and the drain electrode 154 is formed and connected to the drain region 148.
Next explained is the vertical npn bipolar transistor 155 formed in the n-type epitaxial layer 143 on the Si substrate 142. Construction of the vertical npn bipolar transistor 155 is similar to the high-speed bipolar transistor 101 and the high voltage-resistant bipolar transistor 121 referred to above. That is, formed in an upper portion of the Si substrate 142 is an n.sup.+ -type buried layer 156 diffused into the n-type epitaxial layer 143, and an n.sup.+ -type collector lead-out layer 157 is formed in connection with the buried layer 156. A p.sup.+ -type device separating diffusion region 158 is formed below the device separating region 145 of the n-type epitaxial layer 143. A p-type base layer 159 is formed in an upper portion surrounded by the device separating region 145, and a p-type graft base layer 160 is formed on opposite sides of the base layer 159 in connection therewith. Formed on the base layer 159 is an n.sup.+ -type emitter region 161. Formed on the n-type epitaxial layer 143 is a first oxide film 162 which is made simultaneously with the gate oxide film 150 in the n-channel MOS transistor 141, and a base lead-out electrode 163 connected to the graft base layer 160 is formed on the first oxide film 162. The base lead-out electrode 163 is covered by the oxide film 152, and a side wall film 164 made of SiO.sub.2 is formed in an aperture made in the oxide film 152 above the base layer 160. The inner side of the side wall film 164 is used as an emitter aperture 164a, and an emitter lead-out electrode 165 in form of a polycrystalline Si film is formed and connected to the emitter layer 161 through the emitter aperture 164a.
Further formed are a base electrode 166 connected to the base lead-out electrode 163 through another aperture of the oxide film 152, an emitter electrode 167 connected to the emitter lead-out electrode 165 through another aperture of the oxide film 152, and a collector electrode 168 connected to the collector lead-out layer 157 through another aperture of the oxide film 152 and an aperture formed in the first oxide film 162.
In the bipolar CMOS IC explained above, part of a current i passing through the n-channel MOS transistor flows into the p-type Si substrate 142 through the p-type well region 146, and causes the Si substrate 142 to change in potential. It invites changes in value of the junction capacitance composed of the n.sup.+ -type buried layer 156 of the bipolar transistor 155 and the Si substrate 142, and hence causes various parameters to vary. Especially in an analog/digital mixed bipolar CMOS IC, this phenomenon causes the problem of so-called analog/digital interference noise, in which digital noise enters in an analog signal, and it is a serious problem in a bipolar CMOS IC.
For the purpose of reducing the analog/digital interference noise, it has been proposed to use a npn junction to separate the p-type well region 146 and the Si substrate 142 in the n-channel MOS transistor as shown in FIG. 6. FIG. 7 is a graph showing impurity concentration distribution along the A--A line of FIG. 6.
As shown in FIG. 6, the Si substrate 142 has formed an n-type separation layer 169, and p-type well regions 146 and 170 a of a retrograde structure overlie the n-type separation layer 169. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, even when part of the current passing through the n-channel MOS transistor 141 flows into the p-type well regions 146, 170, the n-type separation region 169 prevents it from reaching the Si substrate 142, and therefore reduce the analog/digital interference noise in the bipolar CMOS IC.
However, when the high-speed bipolar transistor 101, high voltage-resistant bipolar transistor 121 and MOS transistor are formed on a common semiconductor substrate, the following problem arises. That is, the n-type epitaxial layer 103 in the high-speed bipolar transistor 101 must have a high impurity concentration and a small thickness to suppress the Kirk effect of the collector whereas the n-type epitaxial layer 123 must has a low impurity concentration and a large thickness to ensure a high resistivity to voltage.
Moreover, if the n-type separation layer is used in the part of the MOS transistor in a bipolar CMOS semiconductor device including the bipolar transistors and the MOS transistor, then a step therefore must be added to the manufacturing process of the bipolar CMOS semiconductor device, and it further increases the manufacturing cost of the bipolar CMOS semiconductor device which is originally expensive, in general. | 2023-08-09T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/7539 |
Château de Ventadour (Ardèche)
The Château de Ventadour is a ruined castle in the commune of Tournon-sur-Rhône in the Ardèche département of France. Situated to the south east of Meyras, the castle has architectural elements dating from the 11th, 12th, 15th and 16th centuries.
Geography
The castle is situated 74 m above the confluence of Fontolière and Ardèche rivers, on a rocky outcrop, at about 373 m altitude
History
The castle was built in the 12th century when the fief of Meyras belonged to the Solignacs. In 1195, the lord of Montlaur married Miracle de Solignac and her brother, Béraud de Solignac, relinquished to them the fief. The Solignacs left at the end of the 14th century, and in 1472 the lord of Meyras married Blanche de Ventadour. The castle was not inhabited again and, at the time of the French Revolution, was described as destroyed. After the Revolution, it was largely used as a stone quarry. A painting by Jules Thibon, Les ruines du château de Ventadour, painted in 1860 and in a private collection, shows its state in the 19th century.
Since 1969, it has been the object of a restoration project by Pierre and Françoise Pottier and a handful of volunteers. Visitors can see a square tower, two pigeon lofts and a fortified gateway.
The castle was restored by the voluntary work organisation, Union REMPART.
Architecture
The castle plan is based on the typical Savoy castle model, the keep being attached to the surrounding wall.
According to research works on site and a paper by Georges Grégoire, the oldest part of the castle is the square keep.
The exterior fortification is accessible via a drawbridge. The square tower in the north east corner comprises vaulted rooms. The square tower in the south west corner is topped by two bartizans dating from work carried out in the 14th century.
It has been listed since 1927 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture, with additional protection in 1938 and 1960.
See also
List of castles in France
Meyras
External links
Château de Ventadour - official site
Tournon-sur-Rhône, Château in Ministry of Culture database
Ministry of Culture photos
References
Category:Ruined castles in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Category:Buildings and structures in Ardèche
Category:Monuments historiques of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes | 2024-02-14T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/7825 |
Tyrone Senior Football Championship
The Tyrone Senior Football Championship (known for sponsorship reasons as the LCC Group Tyrone Senior Football Championship) is an annual Gaelic Athletic Association competition organised by Tyrone GAA between the top gaelic football clubs in County Tyrone. The winners represent Tyrone in the Ulster Senior Club Football Championship.
The 16 clubs in Division 1 of the All-County Football League in Tyrone compete on a straight knockout basis. Between 1999 and 2007, the competition was played for between 24 clubs.
The winners receive the O'Neill Cup.
Trillick St. Macartan's are the current (2019) champions by defeating Errigal Ciaran in the final.
History
To date, 24 different clubs have won the Tyrone Senior Football Championship though some of these no longer exist, including Washingbay Shamrocks, Cookstown Brian Og, Fintona Davitts and Strabane Faugh-a-Bealach.
There was no Tyrone senior football club championship in the 1906-7, 1909–13, 1914–16, 1918–19, 1920-23 seasons and in 1932. The 1939 competition was left unfinished.
The first tournament took place in the 1904-5 season and Coalisland Fianna were crowned champions defeating Strabane Lamh Dearg in the final.
Carrickmore have the most wins with 15 Senior Football Championships, the last being in 2005. Dungannon and Coalisland Fianna are second with 10 titles, with Dungannon last being in 1956 and their last final appearance in 1986.
Winners Listed By Club
Finals Listed By Year
References
External links
Official Tyrone GAA Website
Tyrone at CLUBGAA
Tyrone Club Titles
1
Category:Senior Gaelic football county championships | 2024-07-30T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/9488 |
From initial missteps to a memorable meeting with the president and a raucous atmosphere at the antiquated RFK Stadium, how the 2005 Nationals remember baseball's return to D.C.
It’s hard to blame some Nationals fans for taking the whole thing for granted. They have been spoiled for much of the last decade by a perennial World Series contender led by headliners Max Scherzer, Stephen Strasburg, Juan Soto and the since-departed Bryce Harper and Anthony Rendon.
Washington has become a desired destination for free agents. The team is responsible for several grassroots baseball programs thanks to the Nationals Youth Baseball Academy. D.C. hosted one of baseball’s marquee events with the 2018 All-Star Game. There was also a parade down Constitution Avenue in 2019.
For modern-day Nationals fans, this is normal. In some cases, it may be all they know.
But in 2005, much of this would have seemed like a pipe dream. Back then, just having a major league team to call their own was a victory for Washingtonians. The District had gone more than three decades without one.
On Sept. 29, 2004, Major League Baseball announced that the Montreal Expos were moving to D.C. In November, they were formally introduced as the Nationals during a rush hour press conference in Union Station.
Fifteen years ago this week, Major League Baseball officially returned to D.C., when the Nationals hosted the Arizona Diamondbacks in their home opener at RFK Stadium.
It was Washington’s first home opener since 1971. It was also the culmination of a tumultuous three years for the core of the team, which had been operating without an owner since 2002 and had split home games the previous two seasons between Montreal and San Juan.
Below are some memories and audio clips from those associated with the 2005 Nationals who experienced the move and were part of the home opener on April 14, 2005.
toggle audio on and off change volume download audio
AUDIO - LIVAN HERNANDEZ THROWS OPENING PITCH AS BASEBALL RETURNS TO DC
JOHN DEVER (SENIOR DIRECTOR OF BASEBALL INFORMATION): You’ve got to start with D-Day, unfortunately, in Montreal and how hard and fast and real that all was. It was the day before the final home game in Montreal when the news came in. It was incredibly emotional. I’m a baseball lifer, and to see a city and its ballclub put to bed like that was tough. It was heart wrenching.
BRIAN SCHNEIDER (CATCHER): There were a lot of unknowns. We were leaving a city in Montreal that had given a lot of us a chance to start our big league careers. It had such a storied history, so that was tough. But we had to start to look forward. We knew Washington was excited, so we were talking a lot that offseason, but we really had no idea what to expect.
CHAD CORDERO (CLOSER): It was a weird situation for me because I had played in Montreal for just over a year, but I had just started to settle in. I loved the city. The city is beautiful. So it was sad because that last game in Montreal, you saw all the heartbreak from the fans. People were crying. But at the same time, it was an exciting time for us that offseason.
JAMEY CARROLL (INFIELDER): The thing that led to the excitement is we knew where we were going. The last few years in Montreal, you just never knew what the situation was going to be. So, MLB finally making a decision and giving us a home caused some excitement because we knew there was going to be a next year.
While players looked forward to a fresh start, a bare-bones office and sales staff was assembled in Washington. The staff primarily worked out of trailers outside RFK Stadium in the months leading up to the season opener. A handful of employees spent the winter at the team’s spring training home in Florida.
JIM BOWDEN (GENERAL MANAGER): It was quite the challenge. We didn’t have offices. When I got there, the organization had been completely stripped of scouts and player development [personnel]. It was right down to the bare bones, because it was being sold. It was extremely challenging.
DEVER: We were on conference calls all the time. It was difficult to picture it all coming together. The few employees that [team president] Tony Tavares and [executive VP] Kevin Uhlich were able to secure, none of them, or precious few of them, had any baseball experience.
BOWDEN: One of the rules that we had was that we couldn’t hire any new positions — we could only hire people to replace people.
CHARLIE SLOWES (PLAY-BY-PLAY BROADCASTER): A few weeks before the season, I was hired over the phone without even meeting anybody. A crazy scenario! So, in mid-March, I drove up to D.C. to find a place to live and I stopped by RFK. They were operating out of trailers while the offices were being remodeled. The press box was being rebuilt. They had removed all of the stands on the first and third base sides to install the batting cage tunnels under the stands. So, when I saw RFK two weeks before the exhibition game, I thought, “There’s no way we’re going to have a game here in two weeks!”
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AUDIO - JAMEY CARROLL ON PLAYING AT RFK STADIUM
On April 3, 2005, the Nationals hosted the New York Mets in an exhibition game at RFK Stadium. It was widely viewed as a dress rehearsal for the home opener 11 days later. Upon arrival, the Mets got off the team bus with their equipment bags only to be denied entry by stadium security guards.
DEVER: That day was a debacle.
CORDERO: We didn’t know how RFK was going to be. We figured it was going to be a step up from Olympic Stadium [in Montreal], but I remember that exhibition game against the Mets, it felt like mid-20s with the wind chill and then there was no hot water after the game. We were like, “Oh, maybe we didn’t step into a better stadium situation.”
BOWDEN: On the one hand, there was history at RFK. There was the chair of Frank Howard’s upper-deck home run. But at the same time, there was the smell of sewer.
SLOWES: The Nationals were in a terrible clubhouse. They were in the old visiting football locker room. D.C. United had the big old Redskins locker room because they were the team already housed in the stadium. The Nationals got the other room.
DEVER: That morning, I couldn’t even put out lineups — the most basic function that they were probably doing 100 years ago — because I couldn’t find a working copier. I couldn’t find a copier that wasn’t broken. I couldn’t do my most basic function as a PR person. So it was a learning experience. Fortunately, I don’t think anybody up in the press box cared a lick. All they cared about were the guys on the field and that they weren’t going away any time soon.
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AUDIO - JIM BOWDEN RECALLS BASEBALL RETURNING TO DC
The Nationals opened the season with a three-city, nine-game road trip and returned home with a winning record. The season-opening trip allowed the stadium grounds crew to put the finishing touches on a revamped RFK. Tremendous anticipation was building in D.C. in the hours leading up to the home opener and the pomp and circumstance surrounding it.
SLOWES: People were excited just to have baseball, but now they were excited about a team that was playing well. I think people jumped right onto the wagon from Day One.
BOWDEN: It was a surreal feeling. I remember going on Chris Matthews’ “Hardball” show that morning. Everybody was there. It wasn’t just Opening Day. It wasn’t just a sporting event. It was a national event. It was a news event. All the news people were there. It wasn’t just sports. I had been through really special Opening Days in Cincinnati, because Cincinnati used to be the franchise that opened up every season. So I was used to great Opening Days, but this was a whole other level.
SLOWES: I wanted to be there when the gates opened and people came in. That’s a tremendous memory for me. People came running in, streaming in, kids, parents, you could see grandparents, and maybe a lot of folks who were at that last game in 1971. When people came into the ballpark, they entered at the top of the lower bowl and they just kind of streaked to the railings looking down onto the field to see the Nationals taking batting practice. The smiles, the looks on people’s faces. Some of the older folks had tears streaming down their faces, because to them, RFK Stadium looked almost identical to how it looked when the Senators last played there back in 1971.
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AUDIO CHARLIE SLOWES SHARES MEMORIES OF 2005 HOME OPENER
CORDERO: You could feel the buzz. There was a real buzz about baseball being back in D.C. So when I walked into the stadium it was like, ‘Wow this is really happening.’ And With President [George W.] Bush coming that night, we had to go through all this security with the metal detectors and bomb-sniffing dogs. You had the snipers up on the roof. We had a Secret Service guy in a uniform in the dugout. It was surreal. It was the first game back, and we had the president throwing out the first pitch. It was a whole lot of new things that I had never experienced before in my life. I was excited just to be a part of it.
DEVER: We had President Bush meet the team, and I will always appreciate him doing that, because it lent us a little dose of legitimacy that I think everybody needed — everybody that had been working towards baseball in Washington, D.C. To have the president show up on Opening Day, spend time with the ballclub in the clubhouse before the game — and we were only a few years post 9/11 — that was special.
SLOWES: He was a huge baseball fan, a former owner of the Texas Rangers. We were told he used to listen to games on Air Force One when he traveled to pass some of the time. All throughout that year, he’d invite players to the White House for coffee or lunch.
BOWDEN: He loved to talk baseball. I remember that first year talking trades with him. One of the trades that I made when I was GM in those early years, I traded Brad Wilkerson [to Texas] for Alfonso Soriano. Well, before I made that deal, I was talking to him about possibly trading Brad Wilkerson for Vernon Wells of Toronto. And so, the whole discussion of trading Brad Wilkerson I actually had with the president of the United States. I got his input on the trade, so we ended up eventually doing Wilkerson for Soriano. But what GM gets to have the president of the United States come to his box and talk trades with?
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AUDIO - JOHN DEVER ON PRESIDENT BUSH MEETING THE NATS
SCHNEIDER: Before the game, the Secret Service was telling us what we can do, what we can’t do, where to stand. We didn’t know how formal or how relaxed it was going to be. But President Bush is a great baseball guy, and he made you feel like he was just another guy. It was a great time.
When he met [starting pitcher] Tomo Ohka, he said a few things in Japanese. When he met the Spanish-speaking guys, he spoke Spanish to them. Very nonchalant, nothing formal. Just made everyone feel comfortable. [Reliever] Joey Eischen was very formal, very “Hi, Mr. President. Very nice to meet you. It’s a pleasure.” And then Bush is like: “Joey Eischen? When I was with the Rangers we traded you!” And he gave the date or the year and said, “We traded you for Oil Can Boyd.”
And then Joey Eischen was just at a loss for words. He was like: “I can’t believe you remember that. You know my name?” And Bush said, “Yeah, I remember you, Joey.” Joey was in shock. [Bush] was the president, but he just made everyone feel relaxed. One of the best things I’ve ever experienced — seeing him interact with us and making everyone feel at ease.
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AUDIO - JAMEY CARROLL RECALLS MEETING PRESIDENT BUSH
SLOWES: The guy who got to spend the most time with him was Schneider. The president wanted to play catch and really warm up … under stands before the first pitch. So they got to talk and take pictures.
SCHNEIDER: Shoot, it was a good 15 to 20 minutes. He just wanted to loosen up his arm. He had the [bullet-proof] vest and jacket on, so he wanted to get used to throwing with that. He’d throw a couple pitches and then ask me where I’m from. I’d answer, he’d throw a couple more pitches, and we’d talk some more. We just had a nonchalant, great conversation going back and forth about where my family was from. I told him my dad went to the Naval Academy; he thanked him for his service.
CARROLL: I still, to this day, love to pick on Brian Schneider because for the years prior to that, I was always the guy who caught the first pitch. Then all of a sudden he’d show up when the star or the celebrity would come. So of course I got kicked to the curb that day, and Schneider got to continue to live out his dream of getting the A-listers.
SCHNEIDER: Hey, when you’re the catcher you catch the first pitch right? Isn’t that how it’s supposed to work? That just comes with the territory. But I guess I wasn’t afraid to throw my weight around. When there was someone good, I definitely volunteered for those ones.
SLOWES: President Bush didn’t stand in front of the mound. He went to the rubber to throw that ceremonial first pitch, and he threw a strike. It was another picture for Brian and the president.
DEVER: Having the president there really was the exclamation point that I think everybody needed to understand in Washington, in Virginia and in Maryland that this was real. We weren’t going anywhere. This wasn’t a fly-by-night organization.
SCHNEIDER: Goosebumps, all the way. But after that first pitch, I don’t want to say it was just another game, because obviously it wasn’t, but you had to get into game mode. We’ve all played in big games, but that was definitely one of the biggest ones I’ve played in.
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AUDIO - CHAD CORDERO ON THE BUZZ LEADING INTO HOME OPENER
The Nationals went on to beat the Diamondbacks 5-3 before a sellout crowd of 45,596 fans. Third baseman Vinny Castilla went 3-for-3 with a two-run triple and a two-run homer.
On the mound, Livan Hernandez took a shutout into the ninth inning, ultimately throwing 121 pitches in 8 1/3 innings. Nearly a decade after defecting from Cuba, Hernandez threw a gem in baseball’s return to the U.S. capital.
DEVER: Livan was made for that type of stage. He was perfect for that game for us and to be in that role.
CORDERO: Livo was the guy who needed to start that game. It didn’t matter how big the stage was. He just went out there and pitched. He just went out there and did Livo. That year, Livo was the man.
CARROLL: I don’t think there was a better person on our staff to be that guy at that time.
DEVER: This is a guy who was one of the first players to come over from Cuba. He’d pitched in the biggest games on the biggest stage. He had been to the World Series. Nothing fazed him. So, for him, this was small potatoes. For us, it was the biggest thing ever. So, to have a calming person like that, who doesn’t get riled up or too geeked up was perfect. He was perfect for us.
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AUDIO - JIM BOWDEN ON LIVAN HERNANDEZ IN 2005
CARROLL: Definitely, he was the right guy in the right situation. He did what he always does: He pitched forever with that rubber arm of his and gave us an opportunity to win a ballgame.
SLOWES: [Manager] Frank Robinson was trying to have him throw a complete game on Opening Day at home. Just couldn’t get there.
Arizona’s Chad Tracy hit a three-run homer off Hernandez with one out in the top of the ninth inning. With the Nationals suddenly clinging to a 5-3 lead, closer Chad Cordero, then 23, was summoned from the bullpen.
CORDERO: I could feel the energy during that game. I could see the crowd the entire time I was warming up and getting ready to go in. You could feel everyone jumping up and down. You could feel the excitement that they were so close to getting that first win in 30-some years. I didn’t want to be the one who messed it up.
After allowing a two-out base hit, Cordero faced Arizona’s Tony Clark, who represented the game-tying run.
CORDERO: I was really nervous trying to get that last out. Tony Clark was a really good hitter. He was [6’8”] and he was an intimidating guy. If I left one over the plate, he was going to tie it up. So, I didn’t want to give him anything to hit. I didn’t want to let the whole city of D.C. down and let them come back and tie it. So, that last pitch, I remember it was a slider that just got in on him just enough. When he hit it [in the air to center field], I thought he got it better than he did. So, once I looked back and saw that the ball was going to be playable, I took a big sigh of relief and was like, “Yes, we’ve got this one here.”
SLOWES: It felt like a postseason game. It felt like you won something bigger than just that first home game on April 14.
CARROLL: There was a lot of pride in that and being a part of that night. Honestly, there’s still a lot of pride for me in being part of that first team that was there.
DEVER: People jumped up and down in those bleachers on the third-base side and rocked them pretty good. That took them back to their Redskins roots. They hadn’t been able to do that in a long time over there. So it set a really nice tone. It was a great night. I know a lot of people had waited a lifetime for that night, and I think we delivered.
BOWDEN: On Opening Day to see that place packed and literally to feel the stands move and to feel it rock like you’re on a boat during the game, that was such an incredible experience.
SLOWES: The anticipation of what that day was going to be like was big for everybody, and it just lived up to it. The game was the real deal. The team played like they were the real deal, like a contender. There were tremendous performances from Livan and Vinny Castilla, and to hold on and win in front of a sellout crowd, you just sat there and said: “You know what? That was perfect.”
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AUDIO - CHARLIE SLOWES ON HOME OPENER LIVING UP TO THE HYPE
CAROLL: Actually, I have a funny memory from all that. So, we have this great night that we’ll never forget. And I remember after the game, I came running into the family room. My parents are there, my brothers are there, my wife is there and I’m coming in all fired up. Then I come to find out there was a mix up with tickets for family members at the beginning of the game. They were still outside the stadium when they fly-over was happening, when all the pregame stuff was going on.
So, my dad eventually snuck in with the hot dog [vendors] to be able to see as much of the game as he could. He walked in and the hot dog buns cart was getting pushed in, so he snuck in with them and rode up the elevator and somehow made his way into the game. Then when my mom and my brothers and my wife finally made it into the game, they gave him his ticket. It’s become a bit of a family fun story. I think it’s hilarious that my dad would sneak in and leave everyone else behind.
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HIGHLIGHT- VINNY CASTILLA CLUBS 2-RUN HOMER FOR 5-0 LEAD
The Nationals went on to sweep Arizona in their three-game series, and later hit the midpoint of the season in first place. Aided by a 10-game winning streak in June, the Nationals were 50-31 on July 4 and held a 5 ½ game lead atop the NL East. It proved to be the high-water mark of that first season.
SLOWES: When they had that great stretch in June, they were the top story on “SportsCenter” every night. “It’s the Washington Nationals and they win again!” It was a 10-game winning streak, they went 20-6 in June and had one of the best records in all of baseball. The city had its chest out. It was, “Hey not only do we have a baseball team, but they’re good!”
BOWDEN: We were the story of the first half. We’re in first place at the All-Star break, and a lot of that wasn’t just because we had a great bullpen, and it wasn’t because we caught the ball and played good baseball. Part of it was just the intangibles and the excitement these players felt from everyone in D.C. It was an amazing feeling every single night. And even though we were playing at this old decrepit stadium, you felt like you were playing at the Taj Mahal.
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AUDIO - JIM BOWDEN ON THE 2005 NATS FIRST HALF SUCCESS
SCHNEIDER: A lot of us weren’t used to playing in front of big crowds, so the atmosphere and everything that went with RFK — we just fed off the energy there. It didn’t take a couple of hits or runs for us to get going. It could just be one or two hits, and the crowd would come alive, and we felt that and fed off that. It was a great place to play.
CARROLL: I think if you look at what we went through the two prior years and playing games in Puerto Rico and you feel like you’re bouncing all over the place, looking back, I think that really bonded and connected a lot of us. Then to be able to come out and start as well as we did and to feed off the fans, we really tried to make something special.
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AUDIO - JAMEY CARROLL ON SPECIAL BOND ON 2005 NATS
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AUDIO - BRIAN SCHNEIDER ON NATIONALS MANAGER FRANK ROBINSON
SCHNEIDER: We were resilient. We had so many come-from-behind victories in the first half. We played the game hard, we played the right way. Frank set the tone. We didn’t have a lot of big names, but we played hard and we played with excitement. We were trying to make a good first impression.
DEVER: We had the dream first half. We were winning a lot of games by one run, which is a testament to a good bullpen. It’s a testament to a really good manager. It’s a testament to timely hitting. And we had a bunch of those guys that delivered for about four months. But the law of averages can also creep in when you play so many games, and there was a little bit of diminishing returns after the All-Star break.
SLOWES: They end up going 31-50 in the second half of the year and finish 81-81 — which was good enough for last place in the NL East. But nobody expected they’d even be a .500 team. So I think every player from that team looks back on that season so fondly — almost as if they had won something, even though they didn’t win anything as far as a division championship. They did win the hearts of D.C., though.
CARROLL: Obviously it didn’t end the way we wanted it to, but we went through that and enjoyed the ride and it made it that much more special. It was the first year baseball was back. We had a home, and we had been through a lot to get there. So I think when you’re a part of baseball and some sort of history, it’s special. It will definitely be a year that I’ll never forget. | 2023-10-09T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/3911 |
English:
In my channel i have an intro
that I do in every video
i say G´day parceros!
and G´day (good day) is good morning in australian
the country where I was born and raised
so I would really like it if
everyone can help with a
G´day parceros!
a la cuenta de
three, two
G´day parceros!!
ok, done
i feel more relaxed as a youtuber
well
it seems that the majority of you are
entrepreneurs, is that correct?
can the entrepreneurs raise their hand?
ok good, investors as well
investors?
no? only entrepreneurs
English:
ok cool
i always wanted to be an entrepreneur
always, since i was a little kid
i don't know why
it wasn't for the figures
I never wanted to gain millions
but what i saw of the entrepreneurs
is that the had freedom
they had control of
of their lives and how they wanted to live
and that really caught my attention
because if we have a goal
of figures, of getting certain amount of money
what happens after that?
where's the happiness?
i've always been focused on
that vision, to have that liberty
and entrepreneurs usually
have financial independence as well
so when I was a kid i sold firecrackers
in school until
i got detention
i sold like hair clips
anything
I mowed the neighbor's lawn
anything
English:
and after graduating
with a business bachelors degree
and like a good worker i started in an office
and after three months
it exhausted me, i couldn't do it anymore
i couldn't see a life so predictable for me
whit phones, fax's, emails
like a piece of machinery
so i left
i went south
teaching english, anything
to gain money and the liberty
to decide what i wanted to do with my live
i arrived to Canada
with 24 or 25 years already
and thinking "i have to go back to the real world"
i haven't found my path as an entrepreneur
i know i want to be an entrepreneur
but of what am I going to be an entrepreneur of?
so to procrastinate a little bit more
i started a trip on motorbike
from Canada to Argentina
to delay
real life in Australia
English:
a little bit more
and i passed through Panama
Costa Rica
these countries that have so
much recognition in the world
with their beaches
culture, stuff like that
and i arrived to Colombia
and i saw so much more
so much potential
a lot of things, opportunities
opportunities as a potential
cool life style
and it caught my attention
with an entrepreneurs mind why
are we looking
areas where there are real perceptions
and the market's perception
sometimes those are different
when i arrived to Bogotá
i saw that there were perceptions
of parts in the city
that weren't true
when i arrived 8 years ago
English:
if someone lived on the south of the 72nd street
people said "that's dangerous"
it's ugly, until Chapinero Alto
and Chapinero Alto is the coolest
they have all of the crossfits gyms
it has all of the vegan restaurants
all of the places like that
so that was a market perception
as big as the actual perception
and that's it
so then I started a vlog
about the things i was learning
in real state
i did it in english
for the english market
because I thought "hey i'm not gonna be the only one
to see the potential that Bogotá, Colombia has"
so i started writing articles
I became a partner because,
to navigate a foreign system
I needed help
so my strategy to find partners
English:
was somewhere where i knew, where felt i had some strengths
and that was to arrive on google
to get the attention of the people coming
and the people that were coming to Bogotá 8 years ago
not a lot of them where buying real state
most of them rent a place
some of the businesses looking for emotions
but there wasn't a lot of things back then
so i spent 6 years
searching, failing but trying it
and sometimes they say "you have to focus"
but when you're an entrepreneur
an entrepreneur looking for any business
it's hard to focus
so when
we understood that the key to success
was to add value
to the client
like Javier said
when that's your focus
English:
you're not going to do what was done before
like when i thought
the life of an entrepreneur was starting businesses
being on google, the clients arriving and that was it
that's not right
but when you start to think on how to add value
to their lives
that's when we start to grow
so instead of a realtor
saying "look here's a property in Chapinero Central
it has a lot of potential
you have to buy it
look for a team to renovate it
you have to buy all of the things
furnish it and the you can rent it
in Airbnb
and you're going to gain about 12%
good luck"
we can sell it
and get our commission"
that was our strategy
and it didn't go well we failed
that's when we started to add value
English:
adding time to the life of the investors
that's when we started to grow
when we say:
do you see this apartment, this building?
we're going to buy it for you
we're going to renovate it for you
we're going to furnish it for you
and we're going to manage them
in the short term rent market
because there's where you're going to gain double or triple
instead of renting for a year without any furnish
that's when we started to grow
and we're doing good
we're working in Bogotá, Cali, Cartagena and Medellín
we manage 185 apartments
so we have a big flow of guests
we're 8 partners now
and a 100 employees
that are focused on that
English:
and my contribution to the team
is been a vlogger
to capture the attention of the tourists
and the investors that come
looking for opportunities
so that's my story
I would like to know what you want to know?
do you have any questions of what we do?
or about what I do or what I know of these things?
I have a question
you talked about partners
and you talked about investors
at what point you considered it was key to have partners first and investors second?
or it was definitively only partners without the need to have investors?
yeah for the moment we're only partners
we haven't open any window for investors
for the next stage we're considering it
and because we're 8
we're 2 australians
2 colombians
and 4 americans
English:
we are a team that
is understanding
and helping each one of us
to find our strengths
it's a really great team
where we can have a work environment like that
ok so, there's no more questions?
you're in charge of buying the property
let's say in some cases
you renovate or build
and you sell it completely
or do you have another business system?
that is the one of shares
i mean the owner of the state
gives you the management of the state and they become
share holders?
yes it's a model
there are a lot of builders that are making
English:
how is the business model of the investment plan of the property?
if we buy
when we find a really good state
something that is under valued
where we can add value
and generate higher returns from it
we secure it
and to save money on the public registry expenses
and things like that we sell it directly to the investors
the investors,
want their time and want their incomes
so as a business we focus in that
we have to kinds one for investors and the other apartments
what we're describing is that
there are bigger opportunities as well
like buildings that aren't being properly used
we create a small company (SAS)
and we open it up for the investors to
English:
be shareholders in that small company (SAS)
so instead of only just one investor getting their returns
it's like a business
and the small company is really just investors
so we're renovating a building
could be in 8 days
we're finishing one on Chapinero Alto
and it has 19 units
and when it's operating
investors will already have their returns
and that model came from looking at how
can we add value to the client
I understand that what you do as a vlogger is get the attention of foreigner investors
how is the process of that conversion of the investment here in Colombia
like, how easy is for a foreigner investor to invest here in Colombia?
English:
how easy they make the decision, you know with the probable risks
yes well
the investors that decide more easily to invest in Colombia
are the investors that have already visit the country
that already have a colombian connection
they already know what's happening
it's pretty obvious
when they arrive and see the reality here
there aren't as many objections
and people that haven't come to Colombia well that's different
because they have any view they want
that's why I think videos
is the most important thing now
for someone that wants to capture
attention and to show who they are
show authenticity
show who they are honestly
i think video is the most transparent way of being
so part of the strategy as a vlogger
English:
is to show everything
thats happening here
instead of visiting or ti
or to encourage people to come
done?
my question is
three important points
first of all marketing
innovation
and third management
you and I are in the same sector
that is real state
my question is from the point of management of an AirBnB
properties discounted from the market are found
in 10 different points in the city
is it a feasible model or not?
because you have to clean it
and you have to have it ready for the next guests
discounted how?
English:
discounted like over there and there?
yes
-ok
yeah for example in Bogotá we manage 47 properties
with one team, is hard work
it isn't easy
but we are having success
because were willing to work more for the clients
because we already have guests
and we pick them up at the airport
with bilingual drivers
we're constantly in touch with them via whatsapp
we're competing with hotels
and that the next step of innovation where
we're going and thats crating a point
a lobby that's inside
this cluster of properties
to take the best of the hotel experience
and the best of the AirBnB experience
and create the next generation of accommodation
English:
if i as an investor
have a state
and i have it rented
normally not in AirBnB or anything
how much is the difference that you have perceived
of the earnings when you do it through AirBnB
and if I as an investor can assign you the management of my property ?
ok well, a couple of things there
first it's to check with the board of the building if they allow short term rent
and according to legislation
you have to have a clause
by the assembly that says that it's possible to rent for less than 30 days
if that's good
we in some markets
accept properties to manage
so we could do it
we do it because we want to know
how much is the market rate for short time rent
English:
and about your question about investment income
purchasing on preconstruction
or buying new ones
and renting it without furniture
on average the net after
after expenses like taxes
were talking 3% or 4%
the properties that we've found
that haven't been renovated
the kitchens, bathrooms and rooms that are the same as 40 years ago
we're renovating them and furnishing them
what we do is to put everything in a package
so the investor
doesn't have to spend 3 or 6 months
doing all that process
in the property
and the investment income
of the purchase, renovation and furnishing
we're making results
English:
in between 8% and 12% net
and that's as passive
as it is without furniture
is something we're generating
each month with 3 or 8 guests
and sending those incomes to the investor each month
what is the role of social media
now with the new way of making businesses
with the clients
...
yeah social media, you're asking what advice do i have for that
well everyones has a cellphone in their pockets
and you've touched it in the last couple of minutes or hours
everyone is there
how do we get to the
first parts of
the feeds
you have to master the algorithms
English:
what are reading the algorithms?
the algorithms are looking if people are interacting
if they're watching the video completely or not
if they're commenting or reacting to posts
emotional reactions
you can't not like something you know
you can react with anger, sadness, happiness
but you can't put i don't like
you have to put anger
is something weird
the reactions and emotions
the drama
do you think it all works for all kinds of businesses?
yeah, yes off course
yeah the kind of reaction that
you have to generate is different
but yes it's possible
you have to make something of value
so if your thinking of the client's value
Spanish:
la versión de tu compañía aquí
es como el contrato que puedes comprar de la Panamericana
English:
what do you need to know?
before needing your product or service
what are they feeling, what kind of content
are consuming right now
before needing your service or product
i'll think of it
and that's it
thanks to everyone
and if you want to keep following
the story of Lifeafar
you can find me on Facebook or Youtube
the channel is called Sam LifeAFAR
life afar in english
thanks
an applause for Sam
we already have apartments in cities like Bogota, Cartagena and Cali
Spanish:
si sabes los que vas y compras y están hechos
es el formato y solo tienes que llenar los espacios
¿es así como la gente los usa?
si
-si
si en un nivel personal, como a nivel residencial si
pues el único problema con esos
en Israel, en realidad no se como es aquí
¿que es esto? estas haciendo un vlog
que es esto, un video vlog
¿es parte de mi video?
es de tu video, es parte de tu evento
así que tan solo estoy documentando
tengo una pregunta
ahora en esta era
donde no estas vendiendo ningún producto ni ningún servicio
pero vendes experiencias
¿como vas a
se llama ser ....
ahora si estamos hablando
¿como vas a vender experiencias al mundo de Colombia?
ok pero esa es la cosa que creo
Spanish:
que vender experiencias se esta volviendo muy popular ahora
todo el mundo esta vendiendo experiencias ¿cierto?
creo que después de que has viajado
y has experimentado todo
no se, he hecho eso, conozco gente que ha hecho eso
y no es la respuesta
y creo que más allá de la experiencia buscamos
relaciones satisfactorias
conexiones profundas
puedes ir y experimentar el paracaidismo
y ¿luego que?
sientes esa emoción por un tiempo pero luego vuelves ¿a que vuelves?
¿que debería durar en nuestras vidas?
¿es la experiencia o es
sentir algo con alguien?
¿pero y si viajas solo?
si viajas solo, seguro, he viajado solo
termino sintiéndome culpable
cuando viajo solo tengo experiencia tras experiencia por mi cuenta
esta todo en mi mente pero nadie más
experimenta eso
me hace sentir culpable, egoista
si lo hubiera hecho con otras personas
entonces se hace mas real
más duradero
Spanish:
nunca se convertiría en permanente
en la historia de la existencia
así se hace real, mas permanente, mas duradero
no creo que la experiencia de mercado
no creo que genere la conexión a algo más profunda
estoy de acuerdo con el gran Sam Miller
el gran Sam Miller
el esta en el negocio de los bienes raíces por cierto
así que este es su vlog hoy
y estoy muy feliz de que las conocí a las dos
fabris ideas que envió a obra es
directo a facebook
by caiga
| 2024-05-25T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/8864 |
Drug overdose has become the leading cause of death for Americans under 50, driven largely by abuse of opioids.^[@ref1]^ The number of opioid-related deaths in 2015 surpassed 33 000,^[@ref2]^ which rivaled U.S. motor vehicle fatalities (35 000);^[@ref3]^ preliminary estimates from 2016 showed the annual rate continuing to rise.^[@ref4]^ To counter this epidemic, replacement of abused opioids with alternate pain therapeutics has emerged as an increasingly sensible goal.^[@ref5]^ One alternative anti-nociceptive target under investigation is the *kappa*-opioid receptor (κ-OR), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is expressed throughout the nervous system and modulates consciousness, cognition, mood, and pain.^[@ref6],[@ref7]^ κ-OR-targeted analgesic development has focused on chemical property modification to generate peripherally restricted κ-OR agonists that lack central nervous system (CNS)-associated effects (e.g., hallucination),^[@ref8],[@ref9]^ or that promote biased signaling to minimize βarrestin-associated effects (e.g., sedation, dysphoria).^[@ref10]^ Among the more potent and selective agonists of the κ-OR is the brain-penetrant plant metabolite salvinorin A (SalA, **1**), which was identified as the primary psychoactive principle of *Salvia divinorum* and the most potent naturally occurring hallucinogen ever discovered.^[@ref11]^ As a result, SalA has been subject to semisynthetic modification^[@ref12],[@ref13]^ and total synthesis^[@ref14]−[@ref17]^ to adjust its chemical properties and/or promote biased signaling of the κ-OR. Notably, a thiocyanate analogue of SalA, RB-64, was shown to strongly bias toward G protein-coupled signaling.^[@ref18]^ While many semisynthetic analogues of SalA have been explored, the most prolific investigators recently noted that its "chemical liabilities\...narrow the available pool of viable chemical transformations."^[@ref13]^
For example, both semisynthesis and total synthesis encounter the configurational lability of the C8 carbon, which undergoes epimerization to a lower affinity isomer, 8-*epi-*SalA (154--356-fold loss in potency).^[@ref19]^ The reaction mechanism has been hypothesized to involve either ring-fragmentation/reclosure or simple enolization/reprotonation, with the bulk of evidence pointing to the latter.^[@ref20]^ However, the driving force for this *trans*- to *cis*-ring fusion has not been identified. We believed a combination of lactone planarity and C20 axial-strain to be responsible ([Figure [1](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}). Analogy can be drawn to bridgehead (C10) methyl substitution of 1-decalone, which alters its *trans:cis* equilibrium ratio from 95:5 (C10--H) to 59:41 (C10-Me), driven by relief of the Me--C3--H~ax~ 1,3-diaxial interaction in the *cis*-isomer.^[@ref21]^ In order to stabilize the scaffold and attenuate epimerization, C20 of SalA might be resected through chemical synthesis, whereas semisynthetic removal would be difficult. The effect of this modification on the chemical synthesis itself is profound.
{#fig1}
When strategic bonds (SBs)^[@ref22],[@ref23]^ in SalA are considered, the quaternary carbon (C9) bearing the C20 methyl reveals its importance. Two SBs in SalA take priority over other possibilities through the large reduction of complexity associated with their cleavage: a C12--O lactonization transform removes a heteroatom bond, ring, and stereocenter, and a C8--9 Michael transform removes a ring and three stereocenters, leaving a simple cyclohexanone. However, strategic prioritization of the C9--10 bond ignores stereocontrol, which suffers from the small potential energy calculated to separate subtargets **i**--**iii** from stereoisomers **iv**--**vi** ([Figure [2](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}](#fig2){ref-type="fig"}). As a result of the diaxial C19/C20 methyls, **i** and **iii** only favor the desired *trans*-decalone by a slim margin, and alkyne **ii** heavily favors the *cis*-decalone **v**. Notably, the four prior total syntheses avoid decalone intermediates altogether, despite their simplicity. Furthermore, precursor **3** contains a tetrasubstituted neopentyl alkene (C9=10) in which one substituent is a quaternary carbon, which is difficult to form due to A^1,3^ strain.
{#fig2}
These problems abate if the target is treated not as static but as dynamic. The C9--10 bond becomes strategic for disconnection only by resection of the C20 methyl; C9--10 can be considered a "dynamic strategic bond." Three benefits emerge. First, the intermediate *trans*-decalin (**vii**) is calculated to predominate over the *cis*-isomer (**viii**), in contrast to **i**--**iii** vs **iv**--**vi** ([Figure [3](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}). Second, the unsaturated cyclohexanone precursor would arise from condensation of a β,β-disubstituted cyclohexenolate with an aldehyde instead of a methyl ketone: the latter is a challenging reaction for which we found no precedent. Third, 20-nor-SalA is calculated to be more stable than its C8-epimer, reversing the configurational preferences of SalA itself. Taken together, there is only one reason not to resect C20: 20-nor-SalA is an unknown molecule with unknown binding affinity to the κ-OR.
{ref-type="fig"}](#fig5){ref-type="fig"}) becomes very easy to synthesize.](oc-2017-00488d_0002){#fig3}
The prospect of undertaking a total synthesis of a complex molecule for application opioid receptor pharmacology with no guaranteed target affinity was daunting. So, we first explored the binding of 20-nor-SalA to the κ-OR *in silico*. However, the recent crystal structure of a κ-OR with antagonist JDTic^[@ref6]^ reflects an inactive state conformation of the binding pocket, specific to JDTic, and therefore is not well suited for binding of agonist SalA or its analogues. Therefore, we developed an active-like model of the κ-OR by using homology modeling based on an active state agonist-bound crystal structure of the mu-opioid receptor (μ-OR) (PDB ID: 5c1m). Receptor modeling included thorough sampling and optimization of the binding pocket side chains. The resulting active-like κ-OR receptor model was used to dock SalA and 20-nor-SalA using an all-atom global energy optimization algorithm, based on Monte Carlo sampling of the ligand and residue side chains within 4 Å of the ligand.^[@ref24]^ In the predicted docking models SalA and 20-nor-SalA bind in similar poses and with comparable binding scores (−28.76 and −27.42, respectively). In this binding pose 20-nor-SalA forms polar interactions with Q115^2.60^, Y312^7.35^, and C210^ECL2^ residues and, potentially, with N122^ECL1^ and/or R202^ECL2^ residues. The ligands also make extensive hydrophobic interactions with residues lining transmembrane 2, 3, and 7 including V118^2.63^, W124^ECL1^, I135^3.29^, and I316^7.39^ residues. This pose also satisfies the ligand interaction contacts derived from mutagenesis data for SalA.^[@ref25]^ In this pose, the 20-methyl group is directed toward the extracellular region with no apparent interactions with the receptor. This binding pose suggested comparable binding affinity for SalA and its 20-nor derivative.
{#fig4}
These calculations provided a theoretical basis for investigation; justification for total synthesis usually depends on experimentally observed activity. However, knowledge of κ-OR affinity in this case required synthesis---a catch-22. A study to probe structure--activity relationships in SalA could not reach the nor-20 target,^[@ref26]^ so no empirical data was available. Nevertheless, we felt the potential benefits for therapeutic development outweighed the risk. Furthermore, the simplification imparted by C20 resection significantly improved material access by unlocking the C9--10 bond, whereas prior syntheses of SalA produced only small amounts of late-stage material over multiple operations (20--29 steps; 0.7--1% yield).^[@ref14]−[@ref17]^ Shown in [Figure [5](#fig5){ref-type="fig"}](#fig5){ref-type="fig"} is a 10-step synthesis of 20-nor-SalA.
{#fig5}
The synthesis commenced from Hagemann's ester (**4**), a commercially available building block common in terpene synthesis,^[@ref27]^ which appeared to be an obvious precursor to 20-nor-SalA via vicinal difunctionalization. Grignard reagent **5** was generated from commercially available *tert*-butyl(4-chlorobutoxy)dimethylsilane and used directly. However, early experiments to trap the sterically encumbered enolates resulting from conjugate addition proved fruitless, even with the simplest electrophiles like acetaldehyde. Enolate transmetalation with diethylzinc allowed enol silane formation and Mukaiyama aldol addition,^[@ref28]^ but always in low yield and never with electron-rich aldehydes. Instead, we found that addition of zinc chloride^[@ref29],[@ref30]^ and five equivalents of acrolein resulted in efficient formation of **6** as an inconsequential 6:1 mixture of allylic alcohols. Elimination of this alcohol was effected by mesylation, followed by ketone enolization by addition of DBU. These conditions initially delivered a mixture of (*E*)- and (*Z*)-dieneones, but isomerization mediated by reversible DBU addition occurred with prolonged reaction time to favor (*E*)-**7** with 20:1 selectivity.
Subsequent steps for elaboration to 20-nor-1 involved careful choreography of (1) cyclization, (2) α-acetoxylation, (3) aryl appendage, and (4) lactonization steps, based on extensive reconnaissance briefly discussed here. An initial Heck arylation of **7** with 3-bromofuran or its boronic esters proved low yielding, and δ-(3-furyl)-substitution lowered the electrophilicity of the dienone toward nucleophiles. Several ketone α-hydroxylations competitively oxidized the furan ring if present, and Hagiwara's conditions for acetate installation by Mitsunobu stereoinversion^[@ref15]^ were inefficient and required purification from 20 equiv of PPh~3~ and 10 equiv of diisopropyl azodicarboxylate. The aldehyde, not carboxylic acid oxidation state, was chosen to engage in Michael addition due to its ease of enolization (or enamine formation) in the presence of the two other enolizable carbonyls. As a result, the final sequence involved *tert*-butyldimethylsilyl removal with 2 M HCl, followed by Swern oxidation of the deprotected alcohol to aldehyde **8**. Intramolecular Michael addition was carried out from the corresponding pyrrolidine enamine in methanol/tetrahydrofuran with added acetic acid. As the alcoholic cosolvent increased in size, the ratio of *trans-* and *cis-*decalone (see [Figure [5](#fig5){ref-type="fig"}](#fig5){ref-type="fig"}B) increasingly favored the undesired *cis-*decalin. Quench by potassium carbonate served to equilibrate an initially low ratio of *trans-/cis-*decalones to predominantly one isomer **9** (*cis-*decalone lower than 5% content by crude ^1^H NMR), which contained the contiguous stereopentad found in the salvinorin A scaffold. Substitution of methanol cosolvent with ethanol resulted in a dramatically slower equilibration. Pinnick oxidation of aldehyde **9** capped a facile route to diversifiable carboxylic acid (**10**, X-ray confirmation), which was successfully scaled to 5.3 g in a single pass. After much experimentation, we found only four steps to separate **10** from 20-nor-SalA, affording a convenient platform for eventual diversification to alter the chemical properties of the SalA chemotype.
The first two of these steps address appendage of the equatorial acetate, which is challenged by the high selectivity for axial approach of electrophiles,^[@ref16]^ the difficulty of S~N~2 stereoinversion of these axial α-hydroxy and α-bromo cyclohexanones, and the high oxidation potential of furanyl intermediates. In some cases, α-debromination by acetate outcompeted substitution. These problems were solved by deprotonation of **10** with 2.1 equiv of LDA followed by Davis oxaziridine^[@ref31]^ addition, which generated in high diastereoselectivity the axial α-hydroxy-decalone. Subsequent acetylization occurred at both the alcohol and the carboxylic acid; warming this reaction mixture led to equilibration to favor the equatorial acetate without affecting the stereochemistry at any other position. Careful aqueous workup was performed to decompose the mixed anhydride at high pH and recover the carboxylic acid at low pH, while sparing the acetate from cleavage during these operations.
The carboxylic acid itself was found to be crucial for the Heck arylation with 3-bromofuran. Early experiments to arylate the electronically unbiased olefin of aldehyde **9** surveyed a range of palladium sources, oxidants, ligands, solvents, and bases, under both oxidative^[@ref32]^ and traditional Heck conditions with little success. The optimal results in these early versions of the synthesis required 10 portion-wise additions of palladium(II) acetate, 3-furanylboronic acid, and a bifluoride source. Ultimately, the yield, reproducibility, and enthusiasm for this intensive procedure were low. Fortunately, we discovered that carboxylic acids **10** or **11** (in contrast to aldehyde **9**) underwent very efficient Heck arylation as their alkali salts: the potassium carboxylate provided the highest yields of **12** and XPhos ligands promoted the highest rates and catalyst turnovers. The superiority of carboxylic acids to the corresponding aldehyde may derive from accelerated coordination/migratory insertion by initial coordination of the 3-furyl-palladium(II) by the potassium carboxylate ([Figure [5](#fig5){ref-type="fig"}](#fig5){ref-type="fig"}B). Analogy can be drawn to classic proximity effects^[@ref33]^ recently brought to bear on palladium catalysis using carboxylic acids.^[@ref34]^ To the best of our knowledge, the closest precedent in the Heck reaction of haloarenes^[@ref35]^ involves the accelerated arylation of unsaturated primary amides compared to their corresponding phthalimides.^[@ref36]^
The final obstacle to 20-nor-**1** required lactonization of the carboxylic acid onto an electron-rich conjugated alkene with Markovnikov regioselectivity and equatorial stereoselectivity---on its face an uncomplicated scenario. We were dismayed to discover that subjection of **12** to a variety of strong Brønsted acids led to furan decomposition at rates competitive with lactonization, and what little lactones could be recovered were equimolar mixtures of diastereomers at C12. The same lactones were generated in trace quantities by the Heck reaction (**11** → **12**), possibly by a Pd--H-mediated pathway,^[@ref37]^ but never in preparatively useful yields, nor with stereoselectivity. Experimentation with radical-polar crossover cyclization^[@ref38]^ and Lewis acid-assisted cyclization honed in on Bi(OTf)~3~ in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) solvent as the highest yielding conditions that exhibited good lactonization rate (61%, *t*~1/2~ = 30 min at 0 °C), but no stereoselectivity. We were surprised to find that HFIP solutions of **12** in the absence of any Lewis acids underwent lactonization, albeit with substantially decreased rates (*t*~1/2~ = 3.5 days at 40 °C). These were the only conditions to exhibit stereochemical preference for 20-nor-**1** (4:1 d.r. @ 63% conversion). Neither trifluoroethanol (TFE, p*K*~a~ = 12.4)^[@ref39]^ nor nonafluoro-*tert*-butanol (p*K*~a~ = 5.2) promoted efficient lactonization, even at elevated temperature (90 °C), highlighting the idiosyncracy of HFIP (p*K*~a~ = 9.3). Weak and moderate Brønsted acids (CH~3~CO~2~H, p*K*~a~ = 4.8; phenol, p*K*~a~ = 10; CF~3~CO~2~H, p*K*~a~ = −0.25) did not cause any reaction at room temperature, whereas strong Brønsted acids (CF~3~SO~3~H, p*K*~a~ = −14) caused nonstereoselective lactonization concomitant with decomposition. The lactonization is reversible in HFIP: at elevated temperatures 20-nor-**1** equilibrates to **12** and 12-*epi*-20-nor-**1** with no stereoselectivity but favoring the lactones. Therefore, the stereoselectivity imparted by HFIP is not thermodynamic but kinetically determined. All of these observations exclude an intermolecular alkene protonation by HFIP, and instead may derive from acidification of the substrate carboxylic acid via a hydrogen bonding network, followed by internal protonation and collapse of the ion pair ([Figure [5](#fig5){ref-type="fig"}](#fig5){ref-type="fig"}B). For preparative purposes, we have found it easiest to generate 20-nor-**1** with high conversion from **12**, but with low stereoselectivity since 12-*epi*-20-nor-**1** is easily separable. Alternatively, we can halt these reactions at low conversion and good stereoselectivity (e.g., 63%, 4:1 d.r.), which may be useful for analogues whose diastereomers are inseparable.
Access to 20-nor-**1** allowed us to compare its chemical reactivity and biological activity to **1**. As reported by multiple investigators, SalA is undergoes epimerization under basic conditions to disfavor the natural configuration at C8. Similarly, we found 0.5 equiv of DBU in acetonitrile-*d*~3~ generates a 29:71 mixture of **1**:8-epi-**1** at 50 °C ([Figure [6](#fig6){ref-type="fig"}](#fig6){ref-type="fig"}A). In contrast, this relative stability is reversed in 20-nor-SalA: under identical conditions the equilibrium holds at 70:30, close to the calculated *K*~eq~ ([Figure [3](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}](#fig3){ref-type="fig"}). More importantly, 20-nor-SalA retains high affinity for the κ-OR, as measured by radioligand competition binding against \[^3^H\]-U69,593. It also behaves as a full agonist in G protein signaling assays measured by the inhibition of forskolin-stimulated, adenylyl cyclase-mediated, cAMP accumulation. The pharmacological properties of 20-nor-SalA closely match the conventional, selective agonist U69,593, although SalA has slightly higher affinity and efficacy than either ([Figure [6](#fig6){ref-type="fig"}](#fig6){ref-type="fig"}C). While we consider our chemical synthesis to be more useful for scaffold diversification than for large-scale production, its brevity has allowed us to prepare enough material (\>75 mg) to test its properties in vivo. κ-OR agonists suppress non-histamine-related itch in rodents and in humans, so we evaluated the ability of 20-nor-**1** to suppress itch in mice, and found it similarly effective to SalA and another conventional agonist (U50,488H) ([Figure [6](#fig6){ref-type="fig"}](#fig6){ref-type="fig"}B) indicating a functional equivalence.
![Comparison of chemical reactivity and biological activity of 1 and 20-nor-**1**. (A) Treatment of **1** and 20-nor-**1** with DBU in MeCN-*d*~3~ at 50 °C results in slow epimerization at C8. However, **1** favors 8-*epi*-**1** (equilibrium after 11 days), whereas 20-nor-**1** is more stable than its C8 epimer (equilibrium after 3 days). (B) *Kappa* agonists suppress chloroquine phosphate-induced pruritus in mice.^[@ref10],[@ref40]^ Chloroquine phosphate (CP 40 mg/kg, s.c.) was administered 10 min following a 3 mg/kg, (s.c.) injection of each compound and scratching behaviors were monitored over time. All compounds suppressed the itch response at this dose over time compared to vehicle (1:1:8, DMSO:Tween 80:0.9% sterile saline) pretreatment (interaction of time and drug: *F*~(36, 273)~ = 19.87, *p* \< 0.0001, 2-way ANOVA (*n* = 10 veh, 5 U50, 5 20-nor-SalA, 5 SalA). (C) Affinity and functional signaling parameters at the human KOR expressed in CHO-K1 cells.^[@ref41],[@ref42]^ Radioligand competition binding assays were performed against 3H-U69,593 to determine *K*~*i*~ (*n* = 3--9). Competition binding with ^3^H-DAMGO and ^3^H-Diprenorphine was performed to determine affinity at μ-OR and δ-OR (*n* = 3). Inhibition of cAMP accumulation was used to determine EC~50~ and *E*~MAX~ values by nonlinear regression analysis (*n* = 6--8). Data are shown as the mean ± SEM. (D) Analogues synthesized from intermediate **11** using the same sequence as [Figure [5](#fig5){ref-type="fig"}](#fig5){ref-type="fig"}.](oc-2017-00488d_0005){#fig6}
Preliminary proof-of-principle for the generality of this route, especially the late stage carboxylate-accelerated Heck reaction and alkene lactonization, was established by the synthesis of aryl analogues that have been inaccessible by semisynthetic modification of isolated **1** ([Figure [6](#fig6){ref-type="fig"}](#fig6){ref-type="fig"}D). For example, a thiophene has never been substituted for the naturally occurring furan, as in **13**, which exhibits high binding affinity but reduced agonism compared to 20-nor-**1**. Similarly, purely unsubstituted phenyl analogues of 20-nor-**1** (**14**) retain the same binding affinity as their furyl counterparts, even the C12-epimer of **14**. This observation stands in contrast to prior analogues formed by cycloaddition of dimethylacetylene dicarboxylate with **1** whose disubsituted phenyl rings led to 31--39 fold losses in binding affinity.^[@ref43]^ None of our analogues show appreciable binding to the alternative μ- or δ-opioid receptors (μ-OR/ δ-OR), maintaining the high receptor selectivity of **1**. Thus, a small handful of analogues has already opened opportunities for scaffold alteration, and this information should aid the design of analogues with modified physical properties.^[@ref44]^
As demonstrated here, the integration of structure perturbation, *in silico* docking, and retrosynthetic analysis can advance the use of complex secondary metabolites (natural products) as drug leads ([Figure [7](#fig7){ref-type="fig"}](#fig7){ref-type="fig"}, visualized using the Rubik's Cube analogy, as in ref ([@ref45])). The attributes of secondary metabolites have been embraced as useful library characteristics, especially high-fraction sp^3^ content, improving selectivity and hit rate.^[@ref46]−[@ref48]^ These same attributes can lead to arduous synthesis campaigns and have prompted scaffold redesign to significantly reduce complexity.^[@ref49]^ While structural complexity and synthetic complexity are related, they are nonidentical: synthesis can be simplified while structural complexity is maintained.^[@ref49],[@ref50]^ We hope to apply the approach demonstrated manually here---computed affinity/dynamic retrosynthetic analysis---to minimally perturb complexity^[@ref51]^ and affinity, only enough to reveal the most efficient retrosynthetic path. A docking program coupled to traditional retrosynthesis search algorithms^[@ref23],[@ref45]^ might easily be deployed against complex metabolites with known targets. Although restricted to a single illustration, this approach has proved successful for the salvinorin chemotype of κ-OR agonist. By deletion of a single methyl group (C20), identified here as the primary driving force for C8 epimerization, we have simultaneously stabilized the salvinorin scaffold and simplified its synthesis, while maintaining target engagement.^[@ref52]^ This chemical platform includes a carboxylate-directed Heck reaction and an unusual fluorous alcohol-promoted lactonization, which are capable of generating previously inaccessible analogues that retain high potency at the κ-OR and high selectivity against other opioid receptors. Additional modification of the 20-nor-SalA scaffold will focus on improvement of half-life in blood, bioavailability, peripheral nervous system restriction, and bias against βarrestin recruitment, as well as further scaffold stabilization. Success in these goals should deliver multiple candidates for next generation analgesics.
{#fig7}
The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the [ACS Publications website](http://pubs.acs.org) at DOI: [10.1021/acscentsci.7b00488](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acscentsci.7b00488).NMR spectra, X-ray crystallographic data ([PDF](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acscentsci.7b00488/suppl_file/oc7b00488_si_001.pdf))Protein docking structures ([PDB1](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acscentsci.7b00488/suppl_file/oc7b00488_si_002.pdb), [PDB2](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acscentsci.7b00488/suppl_file/oc7b00488_si_003.pdb))Crystallographic data for **10** and 20-nor-**1** are available free of charge from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC) under reference numbers 1569390 and 1569389 ([CIF1](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acscentsci.7b00488/suppl_file/oc7b00488_si_004.cif), [CIF2](http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acscentsci.7b00488/suppl_file/oc7b00488_si_005.cif))
Supplementary Material
======================
######
oc7b00488_si_001.pdf
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oc7b00488_si_002.pdb
######
oc7b00488_si_003.pdb
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oc7b00488_si_004.cif
######
oc7b00488_si_005.cif
^\#^ Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
J.J.R. and Y.S. designed and performed synthetic experiments, and analyzed the corresponding data, with R.A.S. assisting. C.L.S. designed and performed biological assays, and analyzed the corresponding data. S.Z. and V.K. designed and performed docking experiments and analyzed the corresponding data. R.C.S., L.M.B., and R.A.S. supervised the project. R.A.S. wrote the manuscript.
The authors declare the following competing financial interest(s): A chemical process patent has been filed on the synthetic route, U.S. Patent Appl. 62,519,363.
We thank Keary Engle for helpful conversations, Min Cho for technical support, and Arnold Rheingold, Curtis Moore, and Milan Gembicky for X-ray crystallographic analysis. Financial support for this work was provided by the NIH (GM104180, GM105766, DA031927) and Tohoku University. Additional support was provided by Eli Lilly, Novartis, Bristol-Meyers Squibb, Amgen, Boehringer-Ingelheim, the Sloan Foundation, and the Baxter Foundation.
| 2024-05-17T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/4106 |
In order to run for president in 2020, you must be on Twitter. Your staff, organizers, and volunteers must also be on Twitter. They must also be on Instagram, and Facebook, and perhaps even TikTok. But of these, Twitter is the only place to fight with everyone.
South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg’s staff does a lot of fighting online. This isn’t, in itself, unusual: in the past few weeks, Mayor Pete has crept up in the polls and faced a renewed wave of scrutiny over his work for McKinsey and Company and public flip-flops around issues like Medicare for All.
As his staff engaged, many of the fights got personal, like this one between leftist writer David Klion and Lis Smith, Buttigieg’s senior communications advisor:
You worked to engineer GOP control of the NY state senate, which blocked progressive laws from passing here for years until we overthrew your guys. You’re a hack, and your presence on this campaign is a bigger indictment of Mayor Pete than anything his critics could come up with. — David Klion (@DavidKlion) December 5, 2019
You retweeted a disgustingly racist thread about our traveling press secretary @ninasophia81– a friend, a colleague, and one of @PeteButtigieg’s most trusted advisors. If you think you are going to lecture anyone here after posting that, then you are deeply mistaken. pic.twitter.com/zS9tm4p3k6 — Lis Smith (@Lis_Smith) December 5, 2019
The specifics of these arguments are interesting—this one, for instance, touches both on Buttigieg’s well-documented lack of support with black voters and Smith’s personal record of working with the entrenched centrist wing of the Democratic party—but taken together, they beg a larger question: what does a presidential campaign get from being Mad Online?
“Being aggressive is often a way to be interesting—either to get attention or distract it away,” Macon Phillips, a political consultant and former Director of New Media in the Obama White House said in an email. “It all depends on the situation.”
It’s not just Team Pete: at earlier moments in the race, Kamala Harris’s #KHive was more than willing to dish it out online, Tulsi Gabbard’s sister tried to start a fight with MSNBC while her candidate was still onstage in the June debate. Bernie Sanders has plenty of Twitter-war veterans on staff, including surrogates like Nina Turner and staffers David Sirota and Briahna Joy Gray. The campaigns fight because that’s what they’re supposed to do, but also because the new environment of 2019 social media has made turning the other cheek largely a losing strategy.
David Goldstein, the founder of Tovo Labs, a digital consultancy firm, said that some of this infighting is particularly brutal in primary campaigns, because the differences between candidates is often relatively slim.
Buttigieg’s involvement with McKinsey, for instance, started out as a frequently-lobbed bomb from left-wing Twitter users, serving as a bellwether for Buttigieg’s perceived amorality and as evidence for a popular theory that he’d served in the CIA.
As Smith and the rest of the team responded aggressively to these charges, the story garnered more and more media attention, culminating in a lengthy piece by reporter Isaac Edward-Dovere in the Atlantic, in which Buttigieg, freed from his McKinsey non-disclosure agreement, explained most of the work he did for the company. Team Pete declared victory, though the interview left plenty of space for his detractors to emphasize the destructive role McKinsey’s work has played worldwide.
Goldstein said that all of the online drama is also a way that campaigns try to “work the refs.” “They [communications staffers] want the journalists who are writing about them to pick up negative narratives about their rivals and positive narratives about their candidates,” Goldstein said. Online spats can be spun either way, and often “helps reinforce something they very much want to make a thing,” which can then be leveraged “into an attack to get voters to question whether or not this candidate really exhibits the values that they want in their next president.”
Here’s a great example of Elizabeth Warren doing that to Pete, and Smith once again firing back.
If @ewarren wants to have a debate about transparency, she can start by opening up the doors to the decades of tax returns she’s hiding from her work as a corporate lawyer- often defending the types of corporate bad actors she now denounces. https://t.co/3nGZc7Dzhj — Lis Smith (@Lis_Smith) December 6, 2019
Phillips, the former Obama official, said that the fights are less interesting to him than the larger movements candidates build online. Twitter is a perfect platform to test that organizing—anyone can chime in, while likes and retweets give a highly unscientific rubric to score whose punches are landing. Supporters networks, too, will amplify differences between candidates and keep news cycles going, an effect that Phillips said is particularly pronounced when a campaign gets aggressive.
“Any political staffer worth their salt knows that when they consider “going negative,” often they just need to start a sentence and let others finish it,” Phillips said. “Social media just makes that easier. All the more reason that the very people who lament the vitriol and confusion consider their own contributions to this chaos.”
That chaos, however, does do one thing for a candidate: it keeps them in the news, securing them “earned media,” or headlines based on a campaign’s actions. This has been Smith’s strategy from the beginning, of course—and staying mad online only helps that.
The Buttigieg campaign said that Twitter was only one part of their communications strategy, and kept well clear of emphasizing their various spats online.
“We’re not focused on the small echo chamber of Washington insiders talking to each other on Twitter, we’re focused on talking to voters about the issues that matter most to voters,” Buttigieg’s press secretary, Chris Meagher said in a statement.
Still, communications experts say that the strategy is pretty clear: if Team Pete gets into a beef with Elizabeth Warren, an objectively more qualified and better-polling candidate, that’s only good. If his staffers seem not-so-chill about it online, it doesn’t matter. All press is good press, and therefore all fights are good fights.
We appreciate the publicity. We all know how instrumental our “go everywhere” earned media strategy was. We can now check Jacobin off the list! https://t.co/4LajcgiM2u — Lis Smith (@Lis_Smith) December 10, 2019
“Any time you can create a tweet or a comment memorable enough that it gets into an article or coverage, you’re increasing that amount of earned media,” Goldstein said. “Trump proved how beneficial that can be to a campaign.”
The specter hanging over all of this, of course, is the pioneer of modern politics always mad, always online ethos: Donald Trump. “Democratic voters are terrified that whoever we nominate is not going to be able to go into the octagon with Trump, that they’ll get beat up smashed around laid into,” Goldstein said. Fighting online, therefore, “is a way for them to show off to a lot of the opinion-makers on the democratic side that they can hang in there punch for punch.”
It’s unclear, though, how much Twitter itself plays into this. “I’m not sure any of this has been proven out with voters themselves,” Goldstein said. “I’m not sure that anyone has found that voters are like ‘wow they really tweeted… powerfully.’”
Hillary Clinton has famously fiery surrogates in 2016, but it’s unlikely that was the only thing carrying her to a primary victory. Rather, the tweets make a narrative, which gets reflected in the press.
If someone has a combative staff, they may get known as more of a pugilist in the media, which shores up that intangible idea that they’d be able to beat Trump in the fight to come. Joe Biden famously skipped the digital middlemen and joked about physically fighting Trump in 2018—a move that honestly wasn’t a bad idea. But until we get federally-sanctioned presidential boxing bouts, we’ll all have to settle for sparring online.
READ MORE: | 2023-09-14T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/4750 |
Chemistry, clones, and circadian control of the dinoflagellate bioluminescent system. The Marlene DeLuca memorial lecture.
Bioluminescence in the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra occurs as brief bright flashes, originating from many (approximately 400) small (approximately 0.5 microns) cytoplasmic organelles which protrude into the acidic vacuole, and are thus surrounded by the tonoplast. Biochemically, the substrate is unusual; it is an open chain tetrapyrrole, highly unstable to air but protected in the cell at pH 8 by virtue of a luciferin binding protein (LBP). This molecule is a dimer of 72 kDa subunits which, upon a decrease in pH, releases luciferin to react with oxygen in the luciferase (approximately 140 kDa) catalysed luminescent reaction. cDNAs for both luciferase and LBP have been isolated and cloned, and the identity of LBP was confirmed by hybrid selection and in vitro translation of the message. The tenfold circadian (day to night) change in the amount of LBP, which parallels the in vivo rhythm of luminescence, is due to de novo synthesis and subsequent degradation of the protein each day. The LBP mRNA levels, as determined by in vitro translations and by Northern hybridizations, do not vary over the daily cycle, indicating that circadian control of bioluminescence in this species is mediated at the level of translation. | 2023-09-25T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/8713 |
Q:
Timeout error always occurs when tried to test firestore security rules with emulator
I tried to test firestore security rules with emulator, but timeout error always occur...
Please let me know if you have the same phenomenon or have a solution.
Test result
Start emulator
% firebase serve --only firestore
Run test
% yarn test
yarn run v1.19.2
$ jest
FAIL tests/firestore.test.ts (7.123s)
Firestore Security Rule
✕ sample1 (5044ms)
● Firestore Security Rule › sample1
: Timeout - Async callback was not invoked within the 5000ms timeout specified by jest.setTimeout.Timeout - Async callback was not invoked within the 5000ms timeout specified by jest.setTimeout.Error:
30 | });
31 |
> 32 | test("sample1", async () => {
| ^
33 | const db = createAuthApp();
34 | const user = usersRef(db).doc("test");
35 | await firebase.assertSucceeds(user.set({ name: "John" }));
at new Spec (node_modules/jest-jasmine2/build/jasmine/Spec.js:116:22)
at Suite.<anonymous> (tests/firestore.test.ts:32:3)
at Object.<anonymous> (tests/firestore.test.ts:16:1)
Test Suites: 1 failed, 1 total
Tests: 1 failed, 1 total
Snapshots: 0 total
Time: 8.038s
Ran all test suites.
error Command failed with exit code 1.
info Visit https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/cli/run for documentation about this command.
Environment
※Firestore security rule is allowing everything because of sample
■firestore.test.ts
import * as firebase from "@firebase/testing";
import * as fs from "fs";
const PROJECT_ID = "firestore-rule-test";
const RULES_PATH = "firestore.rules";
// Create Firestore app with auth
const createAuthApp = (auth?: object): firebase.firestore.Firestore => {
return firebase
.initializeTestApp({ projectId: RULES_PATH, auth: auth })
.firestore();
};
const usersRef = (db: firebase.firestore.Firestore) => db.collection("user");
describe("Firestore Security Rule", () => {
beforeAll(async () => {
await firebase.loadFirestoreRules({
projectId: PROJECT_ID,
rules: fs.readFileSync(RULES_PATH, "utf8")
});
});
afterEach(async () => {
await firebase.clearFirestoreData({ projectId: PROJECT_ID });
});
afterAll(async () => {
await Promise.all(firebase.apps().map(app => app.delete()));
});
test("sample1", async () => {
const db = createAuthApp();
const user = usersRef(db).doc("test");
await firebase.assertSucceeds(user.set({ name: "John" }));
await firebase.assertSucceeds(user.get());
});
});;
A:
In your createAuthApp() function, you are initialising the test application with a project ID of RULES_PATH but in your tests you are loading security rules using a project ID of PROJECT_ID.
Changing
.initializeTestApp({ projectId: RULES_PATH, auth: auth })
to
.initializeTestApp({ projectId: PROJECT_ID, auth: auth })
should fix your issue.
In case that it doesn't solve the issue, you can change the Jest timeout to more than 5 seconds using --testTimeout=<number of ms> to give the test more time to complete.
Lastly, for clarity, consider renaming createAuthApp to createFirestoreInstance as "create Auth" implies something to do with the FirebaseAuth class.
| 2023-09-10T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/6719 |
The stage dependent changes in NK cell activity and the expression of activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors in melanoma patients.
As NK cell antitumor activity is regulated by the balance between numerous activating and inhibitory receptors the aim of this study was to analyze the changes in these receptors expression as well as the differences in their association with NK cell activity in melanoma patients in different clinical stages. Forty-three melanoma patients in the three different clinical stages and 17 healthy controls were analyzed for NK cell activity by the standard (51)Cr radioactive assay, as well as for the percentage and absolute number of CD3-CD56+ NK cells and their subsets and the expression of degranulation marker CD107a, activating NKG2D and CD161, and inhibitory KIR, CD158a, and CD158b receptors on CD3-CD56+ NK cells by flow cytometry. IFN-γ and TNF-α PBL production were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We show that contrary to nonmetastatic, metastatic melanoma patients have significantly impaired NK cell activity, lower CD107a expression, as well as decreased production of IFN-γ and TNF-α. Furthermore, these melanoma patients have a significant decrease in the expression of activating NKG2D receptor, which positively correlates with NK cytotoxicity, and a significant increase in the expression of inhibitory CD158b on CD3-CD56+ NK cells compared with healthy controls. In this study, we show that metastatic melanoma patients have significant changes in NK cell activity and the expression of activating as well as inhibitory NK cell receptors. These results indicate that only in this patient group, the blocking of inhibitory or enhancing of activating NK cell receptor expression may promote NK cell-mediated cytolysis. | 2024-05-04T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/5547 |
Q:
WPF application in one window
I am new in WPF and want to create WPF application like cookbook. I already done this and app work correctly. But I make it in this way:
First screen show buttons, which open new windows to do something. As a result i have 14 different windows. It is ok, but now i want to make it in other way.
I am trying to make one window, which will be showed at start, and change content. I divided window on two grids. First is static and is placed on bottom. It contains buttons, which represents functionality of the program. Second one will be dynamic. There i want to show content of every window. So i want to change content of this panel instead of creating new windows.
I tried to make *.cs files which will create controls in code-behind, functions and data. But my idea is not succesful and i do not know how to do this.
At all, I want to create app, which will work like this:
- if you click button "Add receip" then app will show controls to add name, ingredients and save it at the end.
- if you clik "Show receip" previous content will be replaced by list of ingredients
and etc.
I hope you will understand me.
A:
You can create a Frame instead of second grid. Frame allows you to show pages, and not in seperate windows, in Frame itself. You can navigate the frame into the page like
mainFrame.Source = new Uri("Page1.xaml",UriKind.Relative);
This changes the frame to your page. You can change the source again, if you wanna change the page again.
Note: You can add tags to your buttons like "showReceip" and you can make just one buttonclick event for your buttons. Code will look like this.
mainFrame.Source = new Uri((sender as Button).Tag.ToString() + ".xaml",UriKind.Relative);
That takes the tag of your clicked button, add the string ".xaml" on it and take it on the source part. So, if your tag is "Page1", Source will look like "Page1.xaml" as my solution.
| 2024-07-11T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/6051 |
Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Premier League wage costs are rising, but not to unsustainable levels, Deloitte says
Increasingly large TV deals are helping English Premier League clubs to enter "a new era of sustained financial performance", according to Deloitte.
It says the current TV deals saw Premier League clubs generate £3.3bn record revenues in 2014-15, up by 3%.
Top flight clubs also recorded a second straight year of pre-tax profits in 2014-15, for the first time since 1999.
With more lucrative TV deals from 2016, Deloitte says clubs are "looking at at least three more years of big growth".
'Turned the corner'
Launching its 25th Annual Review of Football Finance, Dan Jones from the business consultancy's Sport Business Group said: "What we are seeing is a continuation of club profitability, it is certainly not a one-off.
Media playback is unsupported on your device Media caption English football's booming balance sheets
"We feel Premier League clubs have turned the corner, and are entering a new era of sustained profitability. Clubs are now attractive propositions to investors, and not merely as vanity projects."
He said increased profitability meant that top flight English clubs could compete with overseas teams in order to buy up the best players in the world, and still have money left in reserve.
From 2016-17 clubs will receive even more cash from broadcasters, with Sky and BT Sport paying a record £5.136bn (up from £3.018bn in 2013-16) for live Premier League TV rights for three seasons.
Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Broadcasting revenues are at the heart of Premier League clubs' profitability
"When the enhanced new broadcast deals commence in the 2016-17 season, operating profits could rise as high as £1bn," Mr Jones said.
He also said that it was encouraging to see that much of this new-found TV wealth was being spent by clubs not only on players, but also on improving stadia and infrastructure.
Wage costs
"The pace of football's financial growth in two and a half decades is staggering," said Mr Jones, referring to the foundation of the Premier League in 1992.
"By half-time of the second televised Premier League game next year, more broadcast revenue will have been generated than during the whole of the First Division season 25 years ago."
Image copyright PA Image caption Football match day income accounts for about one-fifth of Premier League revenues
He added: "The impact of the Premier League's broadcast deal is clear to see. For the first time, the Premier League leads the football world in all three key revenue categories - commercial, match day and broadcast - and this is driving sustainable profitability.
Although the wages/revenue ratio has increased for the Premier League clubs, Mr Jones does not see this as cause for concern.
"Wage costs grew at a faster rate than revenues in 2014-15 and as a result the division's wages/revenue ratio rose from 58% to 61%," he said.
"However, this represents the second lowest level since 2004-05 and is 10 percentage points lower than in 2012-13.
"In fact, in the last two years, only 30% of revenue increases have been consumed by wage growth, whereas in the five years to 2012-13 this figure was 99%."
Premier League highlights 2014-15
Image copyright Getty Images
Broadcast rights deals saw Premier League clubs enjoy the second-highest level of both operating profits (£546m) and pre-tax profits (£121m) in 2014-15
A total of 17 Premier League clubs recorded an operating profit; 14 recorded a pre-tax profit
Clubs' wage costs increased by 7% to exceed £2bn for the first time
Clubs' revenues were more than €2bn (£1.5bn) higher than the next highest earning league, Germany's Bundesliga
Premier League matchday revenues now account for about one-fifth of club revenues
Clubs' combined gross spending to acquire players was a record-high of £1.1bn
Clubs' net debt remained at £2.4bn with interest-free soft loans, usually from owners, accounting for 75% of the total
European leagues
The 92 clubs in the English Premier League and Football League generated more than £4bn in revenues for the first time in 2014-15, a new record.
Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Clubs are giving more money in tax to the UK government than before
Meanwhile, the UK government's tax take from the top 92 professional football clubs in 2014-15 was roughly £1.5bn, up from £1.4bn the previous season.
Deloitte's review of football finance also found that combined revenue for the "big five" European leagues (England, Germany, Spain, Italy, and France) rose 6% to a record €12bn (£9.2bn) in 2014-15.
While the Premier League, Bundesliga and Spain's La Liga were profitable, Italy's Serie A and France's Ligue 1 generated combined operating losses.
'Unsustainable'
In England's second tier, the Championship, combined revenues grew 12% to £548m in 2014-15, exceeding £500m for the first time.
"Wage costs rose by 4% to £541m which, despite a reduction in the wages/revenue ratio from 106% in 2013-14 to 99%, means clubs spent almost as much on wages as they generated in revenue," said Deloitte.
Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Celtic failed to qualify for the group stages of the Champions League in 2014-15 season
"This remains an unsustainable level of spending without the support of owner funding. This resulted in operating losses of £225m and a combined pre-tax loss of £191m."
In Scotland, Celtic's failure to qualify for the group stages of the Champions League contributed to a fall in Premiership clubs' aggregate revenues of 9%, or some £13m.
However, the Glasgow club still accounted for 50% of all revenues in the division, as they lifted the title for a fourth successive year.
Deloitte said a new deal to market the international (non EEA - European Economic Area) TV rights meant Scottish football was now being shown in more than 100 countries. | 2024-04-05T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/3471 |
export declare const _MAT_HINT: InjectionToken<MatHint>;
export declare type FloatLabelType = 'always' | 'never' | 'auto';
export declare function getMatFormFieldDuplicatedHintError(align: string): Error;
export declare function getMatFormFieldMissingControlError(): Error;
export declare function getMatFormFieldPlaceholderConflictError(): Error;
export declare const MAT_ERROR: InjectionToken<MatError>;
export declare const MAT_FORM_FIELD: InjectionToken<MatFormField>;
export declare const MAT_FORM_FIELD_DEFAULT_OPTIONS: InjectionToken<MatFormFieldDefaultOptions>;
export declare const MAT_PREFIX: InjectionToken<MatPrefix>;
export declare const MAT_SUFFIX: InjectionToken<MatSuffix>;
export declare class MatError {
id: string;
static ɵdir: i0.ɵɵDirectiveDefWithMeta<MatError, "mat-error", never, { "id": "id"; }, {}, never>;
static ɵfac: i0.ɵɵFactoryDef<MatError, never>;
}
export declare class MatFormField extends _MatFormFieldMixinBase implements AfterContentInit, AfterContentChecked, AfterViewInit, OnDestroy, CanColor {
_animationsEnabled: boolean;
_appearance: MatFormFieldAppearance;
_connectionContainerRef: ElementRef;
get _control(): MatFormFieldControl<any>;
set _control(value: MatFormFieldControl<any>);
_controlNonStatic: MatFormFieldControl<any>;
_controlStatic: MatFormFieldControl<any>;
_elementRef: ElementRef;
_errorChildren: QueryList<MatError>;
_hintChildren: QueryList<MatHint>;
readonly _hintLabelId: string;
_inputContainerRef: ElementRef;
_labelChildNonStatic: MatLabel;
_labelChildStatic: MatLabel;
readonly _labelId: string;
_placeholderChild: MatPlaceholder;
_prefixChildren: QueryList<MatPrefix>;
_subscriptAnimationState: string;
_suffixChildren: QueryList<MatSuffix>;
get appearance(): MatFormFieldAppearance;
set appearance(value: MatFormFieldAppearance);
get floatLabel(): FloatLabelType;
set floatLabel(value: FloatLabelType);
get hideRequiredMarker(): boolean;
set hideRequiredMarker(value: boolean);
get hintLabel(): string;
set hintLabel(value: string);
underlineRef: ElementRef;
constructor(_elementRef: ElementRef, _changeDetectorRef: ChangeDetectorRef, labelOptions: LabelOptions, _dir: Directionality, _defaults: MatFormFieldDefaultOptions, _platform: Platform, _ngZone: NgZone, _animationMode: string);
_animateAndLockLabel(): void;
_canLabelFloat(): boolean;
_getDisplayedMessages(): 'error' | 'hint';
_hasFloatingLabel(): boolean;
_hasLabel(): boolean;
_hasPlaceholder(): boolean;
_hideControlPlaceholder(): boolean;
_shouldAlwaysFloat(): boolean;
_shouldForward(prop: keyof NgControl): boolean;
_shouldLabelFloat(): boolean;
protected _validateControlChild(): void;
getConnectedOverlayOrigin(): ElementRef;
getLabelId(): string | null;
ngAfterContentChecked(): void;
ngAfterContentInit(): void;
ngAfterViewInit(): void;
ngOnDestroy(): void;
updateOutlineGap(): void;
static ngAcceptInputType_hideRequiredMarker: BooleanInput;
static ɵcmp: i0.ɵɵComponentDefWithMeta<MatFormField, "mat-form-field", ["matFormField"], { "color": "color"; "appearance": "appearance"; "hideRequiredMarker": "hideRequiredMarker"; "hintLabel": "hintLabel"; "floatLabel": "floatLabel"; }, {}, ["_controlNonStatic", "_controlStatic", "_labelChildNonStatic", "_labelChildStatic", "_placeholderChild", "_errorChildren", "_hintChildren", "_prefixChildren", "_suffixChildren"], ["[matPrefix]", "*", "mat-placeholder", "mat-label", "[matSuffix]", "mat-error", "mat-hint:not([align='end'])", "mat-hint[align='end']"]>;
static ɵfac: i0.ɵɵFactoryDef<MatFormField, [null, null, { optional: true; }, { optional: true; }, { optional: true; }, null, null, { optional: true; }]>;
}
export declare const matFormFieldAnimations: {
readonly transitionMessages: AnimationTriggerMetadata;
};
export declare type MatFormFieldAppearance = 'legacy' | 'standard' | 'fill' | 'outline';
export declare abstract class MatFormFieldControl<T> {
readonly autofilled?: boolean;
readonly controlType?: string;
readonly disabled: boolean;
readonly empty: boolean;
readonly errorState: boolean;
readonly focused: boolean;
readonly id: string;
readonly ngControl: NgControl | null;
readonly placeholder: string;
readonly required: boolean;
readonly shouldLabelFloat: boolean;
readonly stateChanges: Observable<void>;
readonly userAriaDescribedBy?: string;
value: T | null;
abstract onContainerClick(event: MouseEvent): void;
abstract setDescribedByIds(ids: string[]): void;
static ɵdir: i0.ɵɵDirectiveDefWithMeta<MatFormFieldControl<any>, never, never, {}, {}, never>;
static ɵfac: i0.ɵɵFactoryDef<MatFormFieldControl<any>, never>;
}
export interface MatFormFieldDefaultOptions {
appearance?: MatFormFieldAppearance;
floatLabel?: FloatLabelType;
hideRequiredMarker?: boolean;
}
export declare class MatFormFieldModule {
static ɵinj: i0.ɵɵInjectorDef<MatFormFieldModule>;
static ɵmod: i0.ɵɵNgModuleDefWithMeta<MatFormFieldModule, [typeof i1.MatError, typeof i2.MatFormField, typeof i3.MatHint, typeof i4.MatLabel, typeof i5.MatPlaceholder, typeof i6.MatPrefix, typeof i7.MatSuffix], [typeof i8.CommonModule, typeof i9.MatCommonModule, typeof i10.ObserversModule], [typeof i9.MatCommonModule, typeof i1.MatError, typeof i2.MatFormField, typeof i3.MatHint, typeof i4.MatLabel, typeof i5.MatPlaceholder, typeof i6.MatPrefix, typeof i7.MatSuffix]>;
}
export declare class MatHint {
align: 'start' | 'end';
id: string;
static ɵdir: i0.ɵɵDirectiveDefWithMeta<MatHint, "mat-hint", never, { "align": "align"; "id": "id"; }, {}, never>;
static ɵfac: i0.ɵɵFactoryDef<MatHint, never>;
}
export declare class MatLabel {
static ɵdir: i0.ɵɵDirectiveDefWithMeta<MatLabel, "mat-label", never, {}, {}, never>;
static ɵfac: i0.ɵɵFactoryDef<MatLabel, never>;
}
export declare class MatPlaceholder {
static ɵdir: i0.ɵɵDirectiveDefWithMeta<MatPlaceholder, "mat-placeholder", never, {}, {}, never>;
static ɵfac: i0.ɵɵFactoryDef<MatPlaceholder, never>;
}
export declare class MatPrefix {
static ɵdir: i0.ɵɵDirectiveDefWithMeta<MatPrefix, "[matPrefix]", never, {}, {}, never>;
static ɵfac: i0.ɵɵFactoryDef<MatPrefix, never>;
}
export declare class MatSuffix {
static ɵdir: i0.ɵɵDirectiveDefWithMeta<MatSuffix, "[matSuffix]", never, {}, {}, never>;
static ɵfac: i0.ɵɵFactoryDef<MatSuffix, never>;
}
| 2023-09-12T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/2827 |
Granddaddy’s scuppernong grapes
At a country store in Brevard not long ago, the overflowing peach basket of greenish gold scuppernongs and their unmistakable aroma brought me back to Granddaddy’s backyard “vineyard.” I could hear the bees buzzing around the ripening fruit and taste the sweetness of the freshly picked scuppernongs and dark purple grapes that he grew on his homemade cedar post arbor.
When the day arrived to pick the fruit, the fun really began. Grandmother hulled the grapes and brought the hulls to simmer on her kerosene kitchen stove. When she determined all the juice was out of the hulls, she poured the juice through an upright sieve lined with cheesecloth, using the pestle to squeeze out every drop of juice. She then processed the juice into a wonderful grape jelly that would have made Welch’s envious. To her, it would be sinful to waste the fruit. I do know that they never made scuppernong wine. That would have invoked sin on a whole other level. | 2024-01-19T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/4168 |
I like your interpretation of the Tarot with a Tolkien theme.
Your artwork is certainly great!
But: The Hanged Man is a sacrificial Card, where the Hero undergoes this ordeal voluntarily (actively):
The Position of the legs like a "4" upside down is a symbol of this, quite well used by Waite/Coleman-Smith in their Tarot.
It is the inverted "The Tree" Asana (position) of Yoga and a shamanic Trance position also, and it is used in masonic ritual (3rd degree) in a similar fashion.
Perhaps you can think about a Card number 12 with this symbolism intact ??
This is always a problem with Tarot artwork, some decks are so fantastic to the eye, but symbolically all wrong, a real pity. | 2023-08-01T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/4353 |
652 S.E.2d 867 (2007)
HARRIS et al.
v.
BAKER.
No. A07A1323.
Court of Appeals of Georgia.
October 12, 2007.
*868 Winburn, Lewis & Stolz, James W. Hurt Jr., Athens, for Appellants.
M. Barton Rice Jr., J. Mitchell Gibbs, for Appellee.
BERNES, Judge.
In this action for breach of a building contract, plaintiffs Andrew and Bonnie Harris (collectively, "Harris") appeal from the trial court's grant of summary judgment in favor of defendant Leon Baker. The trial court held that Harris' contract claim was barred by the four-year statute of limitation set forth in OCGA § 9-3-25. Finding no error, we affirm.
Summary judgment is proper when there is no genuine issue of material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. OCGA § 9-11-56(c). A de novo standard of review applies to an appeal from a grant of summary judgment, and we view the evidence, and all reasonable conclusions and inferences drawn from it, in the light most favorable to the nonmovant.
(Citation and footnote omitted.) Jordan v. Tri County Ag, 248 Ga.App. 661, 546 S.E.2d 528 (2001).
So viewed, the record reflects that Baker is in the residential construction business. In 2000, Baker contracted with Harris to build a single family dwelling in Oconee County. Baker substantially completed construction of the home in November 2000, and the Oconee County Department of Building Inspection issued a certificate of occupancy. Thereafter, Harris allegedly discovered numerous defects and uncompleted details of the newly constructed home, requiring thousands of dollars to remedy.
In March 2006, Harris commenced this lawsuit against Baker for breach of the building contract. Baker moved for summary judgment on the ground that the lawsuit was barred by the four-year statute of limitation imposed by OCGA § 9-3-25. Both parties agreed that a building contract between the parties had been created. But, the parties disagreed as to whether the building contract should be construed as a written or oral/parol contract for statute of limitation purposes. According to Baker, the contract between the parties was an oral/parol contract controlled by the limitation period set forth in OCGA § 9-3-25. In contrast, Harris argued that a May 24, 2000 document written by Baker, when read in conjunction with a set of construction blueprints, created a complete, written contract controlled by the longer limitation period set forth in OCGA § 9-3-24.[1] The trial court agreed with Baker and held that the action was time barred under OCGA § 9-3-25. This appeal followed.
Under Georgia law, written contracts are subject to the six-year statute of limitation imposed by OCGA § 9-3-24, whereas oral/parol contracts are subject to the four-year statute of limitation imposed by OCGA § 9-3-25. See King Indus. Realty v. Rich, 224 Ga.App. 629, 633-634(5)(a), 481 S.E.2d 861 (1997); Plumlee v. Davis, 221 Ga.App. 848, 852-853(3), 473 S.E.2d 510 (1996). Compare OCGA § 9-3-24 ("All actions upon simple contracts in writing shall be brought within six years after the same become due and payable."), with OCGA § 9-3-25 ("All actions . . . for the breach of any contract not under the hand of the party sought to be charged . . . shall be brought within four years after the right of action accrues."). "When a contract is not wholly in writing, but is partly in writing and partly in parol, the entire contract is considered as one in parol," and "the four-year statute of limitation applicable to oral contracts must be applied in such cases." (Citations and punctuation omitted.) Plumlee, 221 Ga.App. at 852-853(3), 473 S.E.2d 510. See Frates v. *869 Sutherland, Asbill & Brennan, 164 Ga.App. 243, 246(1), 296 S.E.2d 788 (1982); Jankowski v. Taylor, Bishop & Lee, 154 Ga.App. 752, 754-755(2), (3), 269 S.E.2d 871 (1980). Thus, when essential terms of a contract are not in writing but instead must be implied or presumed from parol evidence of the parties' conduct, the contract is not considered a written one, and the four-year limitation period set forth in OCGA § 9-3-25 controls. Cf. Bd. of Regents, etc. of Ga. v. Tyson, 261 Ga. 368, 369-370(1), 404 S.E.2d 557 (1991) (contract where essential term of consideration had to be implied from the parties' conduct was not a written contract for sovereign immunity purposes).
Bearing these principles in mind, we turn to the contentions in the present case. As noted, Harris relies upon two documents in arguing that a written contract exists between the parties such that OCGA § 9-3-24 controls. The first document, dated May 24, 2000, is an untitled and unsigned two-page document with Baker's name and address at the top. The document contains a "To" line followed by the names "Andy & Bonny Harris." The remainder of the document is a handwritten list of various construction-related items and prices, followed by a line that reads "Total Contract Price $196,751.00." The final sentence of the document states: "Owener to pay for building perment & septic tank perment. [sic]" The document does not reflect whether the construction is of a new home or involves the remodeling of all or part of an existing home. Nor does the document provide a description of the property or address where the house will be located, the payment terms, or any plans or specifications for the construction of the home. Likewise, the document contains no recitals, definitions, signature lines, or signatures.
The second document is a set of construction blueprints dated April 6, 1995. The blueprints are form documents and provide: "These construction documents are designed for universal use and do not address a specific site. We recommend these drawings and specifications be supplemented with appropriate site plans and specifications." As such, the blueprints do not refer to a particular address or piece of property, are unsigned, and do not reference or mention any specific property owners or builders, including the parties to this case.
According to Harris, the May 24 document and the blueprints, when read together, contain all of the necessary terms of a contract and thus create a complete, written contract between the parties. We cannot agree. It is true that "multiple documents may be considered together as a single contract as long as all the necessary terms are contained in signed contemporaneous writings." (Citation and punctuation omitted.) Tyson, 261 Ga. at 369(1), 404 S.E.2d 557. See Baker v. Jellibeans, Inc., 252 Ga. 458, 459(1), 314 S.E.2d 874 (1984). Additionally, two or more documents can together create a single contract if one of them is referenced by or incorporated into the other. See Berry v. Discount Lumber & Supply Co., 235 Ga. 320, 320-321, 219 S.E.2d 434 (1975); Peachtree Med. Bldg. v. Keel, 107 Ga.App. 438, 440(1), 130 S.E.2d 530 (1963). Here, however, neither the May 24 document nor the blueprints reference or incorporate one another. Neither is attached to the other. And, the documents were not contemporaneous since the unsigned, form blueprints are dated April 6, 1995 and thus were created long before the unsigned May 24, 2000 document. The May 24 document and blueprints thus cannot be read in conjunction with each other to create a single written contract.
In any event, the May 24 document and the blueprints do not create a binding written contract even if they are read together. "A contract is not complete and enforceable until there is a meeting of the minds as to all essential terms." (Citations and punctuation omitted.) Chong v. Reebaa Constr. Co., 284 Ga.App. 830, 832(1)(a), 645 S.E.2d 47 (2007). "To constitute a valid contract, there must be parties able to contract, a consideration moving to the contract, the assent of the parties to the terms of the contract, and a subject matter upon which the contract can operate." OCGA § 13-3-1. But, neither the May 24 document nor the blueprints provide an address or describe in any manner the location of the property where the construction is to occur, and thus fail to adequately *870 identify the subject matter of the contract. See Peachtree Med. Bldg., 107 Ga.App. at 440(1), 130 S.E.2d 530 (construction agreement lacked essential term where agreement did "not set forth with sufficient certainty . . . the building on which the purported agreement [was] to operate"). Furthermore, neither document identifies the specific parties to the contract. As previously pointed out, the blueprints are form documents that do not provide any information particular to this case, including the names of the contracting parties. Similarly, although the May 24 document contains Baker's name and address at the top and lists the names "Andy & Bonny Harris" in the "To" line, the document never states who the contracting parties are or who is agreeing to do what, and it contains no recitals, definitions, signature lines, or signatures that might provide clarification on the issue. Finally, neither the May 24 document nor the blueprints contain signatures of the parties, and so the documents fail to reflect the parties' assent to the contract. Under these circumstances where essential terms are not included, the May 24 document and the blueprints cannot constitute a binding written contract. See, e.g., Berry, 235 Ga. at 320-321, 219 S.E.2d 434; Key v. Haitchi, 129 Ga.App. 898, 898-899, 201 S.E.2d 832 (1973); Williams v. Bell, 126 Ga.App. 432, 435(2), 190 S.E.2d 818 (1972); Peachtree Med. Bldg., 107 Ga.App. at 440-441(1), 130 S.E.2d 530.
Because an enforceable written contract does not exist between the parties, the trial court committed no error in concluding that the breach of contract claim asserted by Harris was time barred. While there ultimately may have been a binding contract between the parties with the missing essential terms implied from their conduct or addressed by oral agreement, the contract was not wholly in writing and thus was controlled by the four-year limitation period set forth in OCGA § 9-3-25. See Plumlee, 221 Ga.App. at 852-853(3), 473 S.E.2d 510; Frates, 164 Ga.App. at 246(1), 296 S.E.2d 788; Jankowski, 154 Ga.App. at 754-755(2), 269 S.E.2d 871, (3). Cf. Tyson, 261 Ga. at 369-370(1), 404 S.E.2d 557. Summary judgment, therefore, was properly granted to Baker.
Judgment affirmed.
BLACKBURN, P.J., and RUFFIN, J., concur.
NOTES
[1] In the trial court, Harris also relied on a third document dated September 7, 2000 to support the claim that the building contract was a written one. Harris, however, has explicitly abandoned any reliance on that document on appeal, noting that the decision initially to rely upon the document was a mistake recognized during discovery.
| 2024-01-22T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/3880 |
How to make a BJ Replica? People ask me a lot of questions about BJ Replicas, So Today I'm making this Tutorial. This Includes all commonly asked questions like 'Steps to Stick', 'Frequently asked Questions' etc. Hope you guys like it.
Things You'll Need
To make a BJ Replica, You'll have to meet the following requirements.
A Guitar
A Blue Stratocaster Guitar is highly recommended, But you can use any guitar and any color you wish, for pics of custom replicas, Click here.
Access to a PC Printer for Printing
A Printer is needed for printing purposes.
Some Papers
Normal A4 Size Paper works well with Printer.
White Glue
White glue is the Best for sticking stickers since it gets removed easily without harming guitars body and paint. It is widely known as Carpenter Glue or PVA Glue or Fevicol. So look out for it in your country.
A Scissor
For Cutting Stickers out from paper.
To make a BJ Replica, You'll have to meet the following requirements.A Blue Stratocaster Guitar is highly recommended, But you can use any guitar and any color you wish, for pics of custom replicas, Click here.A Printer is needed for printing purposes.Normal A4 Size Paper works well with Printer.White glue is the Best for sticking stickers since it gets removed easily without harming guitars body and paint. It is widely known as Carpenter Glue or PVA Glue or Fevicol. So look out for it in your country.For Cutting Stickers out from paper.
Steps to put on guitar:
Now Get BJ Stickers from here, For Hi-Res version click here. Now Get BJ Stickers from here, For Hi-Res version click here.
Print them on Paper using PC Printer. (You Can also use Sticker paper)
After Printing, Use Scissors to cut out the stickers from paper. Place the stickers on your guitar as in your favorite version.
When Satisfied with its look, Stick them using white glue.
After sticking Stickers, Leave your guitar for a few minutes so that the glue Dries off.
Now Plug your guitar into an Amp and Rock On!!!
Some Tips
White glue can be removed easily, It is safe and does not harm your guitar body and Paint. It doesn't even leave any marks.
I'll not suggest the use of Double-sided tape or Sticker Paper etc. for sticking because it'll be hard to remove and can damage guitar body, Use it at your Own Risk. | 2023-12-21T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/9931 |
Hypoxia and Radiation Response in Human Tumors.
This study demonstrates by an updated analysis of an ongoing prospective study that tumor oxygenation, as measured with a validated standardized polarographic needle electrode method before treatment, powerfully predicts the prognosis of patients receiving radiotherapy for intermediate and advanced stage cancer of the uterine cervix. First evidence for a host component in tumor oxygenation based on a significant correlation between median pO(2) values determined in normal subcutaneous fatty tissue and in cervical cancer is also presented. Further investigations are necessary to clarify whether tumor hypoxia is just a marker of intrinsic tumor aggressiveness or whether the negative impact of tumor hypoxia on survival is related to radiobiological mechanisms caused by hypoxia per se, which may include (1) the reduced oxygen enhancement effect, (2) increased radioresistance due to expression of genes for cell cycle delay and stress proteins, and/or (3) accelerated tumor progression to more radioresistant and metastatic variants by increased genetic heterogeneity. | 2024-05-28T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/9311 |
/*
* Copyright © 2013-2016 The Nxt Core Developers.
* Copyright © 2016-2018 Jelurida IP B.V.
*
* See the LICENSE.txt file at the top-level directory of this distribution
* for licensing information.
*
* Unless otherwise agreed in a custom licensing agreement with Jelurida B.V.,
* no part of the Nxt software, including this file, may be copied, modified,
* propagated, or distributed except according to the terms contained in the
* LICENSE.txt file.
*
* Removal or modification of this copyright notice is prohibited.
*
*/
package nxt;
import nxt.crypto.Crypto;
import nxt.db.DbKey;
import nxt.util.Convert;
import nxt.util.Filter;
import nxt.util.Logger;
import org.json.simple.JSONObject;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
final class TransactionImpl implements Transaction {
static final class BuilderImpl implements Builder {
private final short deadline;
private final byte[] senderPublicKey;
private final long amountNQT;
private final long feeNQT;
private final TransactionType type;
private final byte version;
private Attachment.AbstractAttachment attachment;
private long recipientId;
private byte[] referencedTransactionFullHash;
private byte[] signature;
private Appendix.Message message;
private Appendix.EncryptedMessage encryptedMessage;
private Appendix.EncryptToSelfMessage encryptToSelfMessage;
private Appendix.PublicKeyAnnouncement publicKeyAnnouncement;
private Appendix.Phasing phasing;
private Appendix.PrunablePlainMessage prunablePlainMessage;
private Appendix.PrunableEncryptedMessage prunableEncryptedMessage;
private long blockId;
private int height = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
private long id;
private long senderId;
private int timestamp = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
private int blockTimestamp = -1;
private byte[] fullHash;
private boolean ecBlockSet = false;
private int ecBlockHeight;
private long ecBlockId;
private short index = -1;
BuilderImpl(byte version, byte[] senderPublicKey, long amountNQT, long feeNQT, short deadline,
Attachment.AbstractAttachment attachment) {
this.version = version;
this.deadline = deadline;
this.senderPublicKey = senderPublicKey;
this.amountNQT = amountNQT;
this.feeNQT = feeNQT;
this.attachment = attachment;
this.type = attachment.getTransactionType();
}
@Override
public TransactionImpl build(String secretPhrase) throws NxtException.NotValidException {
if (timestamp == Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
timestamp = Nxt.getEpochTime();
}
if (!ecBlockSet) {
Block ecBlock = BlockchainImpl.getInstance().getECBlock(timestamp);
this.ecBlockHeight = ecBlock.getHeight();
this.ecBlockId = ecBlock.getId();
}
return new TransactionImpl(this, secretPhrase);
}
@Override
public TransactionImpl build() throws NxtException.NotValidException {
return build(null);
}
public BuilderImpl recipientId(long recipientId) {
this.recipientId = recipientId;
return this;
}
@Override
public BuilderImpl referencedTransactionFullHash(String referencedTransactionFullHash) {
this.referencedTransactionFullHash = Convert.parseHexString(referencedTransactionFullHash);
return this;
}
BuilderImpl referencedTransactionFullHash(byte[] referencedTransactionFullHash) {
this.referencedTransactionFullHash = referencedTransactionFullHash;
return this;
}
BuilderImpl appendix(Attachment.AbstractAttachment attachment) {
this.attachment = attachment;
return this;
}
@Override
public BuilderImpl appendix(Appendix.Message message) {
this.message = message;
return this;
}
@Override
public BuilderImpl appendix(Appendix.EncryptedMessage encryptedMessage) {
this.encryptedMessage = encryptedMessage;
return this;
}
@Override
public BuilderImpl appendix(Appendix.EncryptToSelfMessage encryptToSelfMessage) {
this.encryptToSelfMessage = encryptToSelfMessage;
return this;
}
@Override
public BuilderImpl appendix(Appendix.PublicKeyAnnouncement publicKeyAnnouncement) {
this.publicKeyAnnouncement = publicKeyAnnouncement;
return this;
}
@Override
public BuilderImpl appendix(Appendix.PrunablePlainMessage prunablePlainMessage) {
this.prunablePlainMessage = prunablePlainMessage;
return this;
}
@Override
public BuilderImpl appendix(Appendix.PrunableEncryptedMessage prunableEncryptedMessage) {
this.prunableEncryptedMessage = prunableEncryptedMessage;
return this;
}
@Override
public BuilderImpl appendix(Appendix.Phasing phasing) {
this.phasing = phasing;
return this;
}
@Override
public BuilderImpl timestamp(int timestamp) {
this.timestamp = timestamp;
return this;
}
@Override
public BuilderImpl ecBlockHeight(int height) {
this.ecBlockHeight = height;
this.ecBlockSet = true;
return this;
}
@Override
public BuilderImpl ecBlockId(long blockId) {
this.ecBlockId = blockId;
this.ecBlockSet = true;
return this;
}
BuilderImpl id(long id) {
this.id = id;
return this;
}
BuilderImpl signature(byte[] signature) {
this.signature = signature;
return this;
}
BuilderImpl blockId(long blockId) {
this.blockId = blockId;
return this;
}
BuilderImpl height(int height) {
this.height = height;
return this;
}
BuilderImpl senderId(long senderId) {
this.senderId = senderId;
return this;
}
BuilderImpl fullHash(byte[] fullHash) {
this.fullHash = fullHash;
return this;
}
BuilderImpl blockTimestamp(int blockTimestamp) {
this.blockTimestamp = blockTimestamp;
return this;
}
BuilderImpl index(short index) {
this.index = index;
return this;
}
}
private final short deadline;
private volatile byte[] senderPublicKey;
private final long recipientId;
private final long amountNQT;
private final long feeNQT;
private final byte[] referencedTransactionFullHash;
private final TransactionType type;
private final int ecBlockHeight;
private final long ecBlockId;
private final byte version;
private final int timestamp;
private final byte[] signature;
private final Attachment.AbstractAttachment attachment;
private final Appendix.Message message;
private final Appendix.EncryptedMessage encryptedMessage;
private final Appendix.EncryptToSelfMessage encryptToSelfMessage;
private final Appendix.PublicKeyAnnouncement publicKeyAnnouncement;
private final Appendix.Phasing phasing;
private final Appendix.PrunablePlainMessage prunablePlainMessage;
private final Appendix.PrunableEncryptedMessage prunableEncryptedMessage;
private final List<Appendix.AbstractAppendix> appendages;
private final int appendagesSize;
private volatile int height;
private volatile long blockId;
private volatile BlockImpl block;
private volatile int blockTimestamp;
private volatile short index;
private volatile long id;
private volatile String stringId;
private volatile long senderId;
private volatile byte[] fullHash;
private volatile DbKey dbKey;
private volatile byte[] bytes = null;
private TransactionImpl(BuilderImpl builder, String secretPhrase) throws NxtException.NotValidException {
this.timestamp = builder.timestamp;
this.deadline = builder.deadline;
this.senderPublicKey = builder.senderPublicKey;
this.recipientId = builder.recipientId;
this.amountNQT = builder.amountNQT;
this.referencedTransactionFullHash = builder.referencedTransactionFullHash;
this.type = builder.type;
this.version = builder.version;
this.blockId = builder.blockId;
this.height = builder.height;
this.index = builder.index;
this.id = builder.id;
this.senderId = builder.senderId;
this.blockTimestamp = builder.blockTimestamp;
this.fullHash = builder.fullHash;
this.ecBlockHeight = builder.ecBlockHeight;
this.ecBlockId = builder.ecBlockId;
List<Appendix.AbstractAppendix> list = new ArrayList<>();
if ((this.attachment = builder.attachment) != null) {
list.add(this.attachment);
}
if ((this.message = builder.message) != null) {
list.add(this.message);
}
if ((this.encryptedMessage = builder.encryptedMessage) != null) {
list.add(this.encryptedMessage);
}
if ((this.publicKeyAnnouncement = builder.publicKeyAnnouncement) != null) {
list.add(this.publicKeyAnnouncement);
}
if ((this.encryptToSelfMessage = builder.encryptToSelfMessage) != null) {
list.add(this.encryptToSelfMessage);
}
if ((this.phasing = builder.phasing) != null) {
list.add(this.phasing);
}
if ((this.prunablePlainMessage = builder.prunablePlainMessage) != null) {
list.add(this.prunablePlainMessage);
}
if ((this.prunableEncryptedMessage = builder.prunableEncryptedMessage) != null) {
list.add(this.prunableEncryptedMessage);
}
this.appendages = Collections.unmodifiableList(list);
int appendagesSize = 0;
for (Appendix appendage : appendages) {
if (secretPhrase != null && appendage instanceof Appendix.Encryptable) {
((Appendix.Encryptable)appendage).encrypt(secretPhrase);
}
appendagesSize += appendage.getSize();
}
this.appendagesSize = appendagesSize;
if (builder.feeNQT <= 0 || (Constants.correctInvalidFees && builder.signature == null)) {
int effectiveHeight = (height < Integer.MAX_VALUE ? height : Nxt.getBlockchain().getHeight());
long minFee = getMinimumFeeNQT(effectiveHeight);
feeNQT = Math.max(minFee, builder.feeNQT);
} else {
feeNQT = builder.feeNQT;
}
if (builder.signature != null && secretPhrase != null) {
throw new NxtException.NotValidException("Transaction is already signed");
} else if (builder.signature != null) {
this.signature = builder.signature;
} else if (secretPhrase != null) {
if (getSenderPublicKey() != null && ! Arrays.equals(senderPublicKey, Crypto.getPublicKey(secretPhrase))) {
throw new NxtException.NotValidException("Secret phrase doesn't match transaction sender public key");
}
signature = Crypto.sign(bytes(), secretPhrase);
bytes = null;
} else {
signature = null;
}
}
@Override
public short getDeadline() {
return deadline;
}
@Override
public byte[] getSenderPublicKey() {
if (senderPublicKey == null) {
senderPublicKey = Account.getPublicKey(senderId);
}
return senderPublicKey;
}
@Override
public long getRecipientId() {
return recipientId;
}
@Override
public long getAmountNQT() {
return amountNQT;
}
@Override
public long getFeeNQT() {
return feeNQT;
}
long[] getBackFees() {
return type.getBackFees(this);
}
@Override
public String getReferencedTransactionFullHash() {
return Convert.toHexString(referencedTransactionFullHash);
}
byte[] referencedTransactionFullHash() {
return referencedTransactionFullHash;
}
@Override
public int getHeight() {
return height;
}
void setHeight(int height) {
this.height = height;
}
@Override
public byte[] getSignature() {
return signature;
}
@Override
public TransactionType getType() {
return type;
}
@Override
public byte getVersion() {
return version;
}
@Override
public long getBlockId() {
return blockId;
}
@Override
public BlockImpl getBlock() {
if (block == null && blockId != 0) {
block = BlockchainImpl.getInstance().getBlock(blockId);
}
return block;
}
void setBlock(BlockImpl block) {
this.block = block;
this.blockId = block.getId();
this.height = block.getHeight();
this.blockTimestamp = block.getTimestamp();
}
void unsetBlock() {
this.block = null;
this.blockId = 0;
this.blockTimestamp = -1;
this.index = -1;
// must keep the height set, as transactions already having been included in a popped-off block before
// get priority when sorted for inclusion in a new block
}
@Override
public short getIndex() {
if (index == -1) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Transaction index has not been set");
}
return index;
}
void setIndex(int index) {
this.index = (short)index;
}
@Override
public int getTimestamp() {
return timestamp;
}
@Override
public int getBlockTimestamp() {
return blockTimestamp;
}
@Override
public int getExpiration() {
return timestamp + deadline * 60;
}
@Override
public Attachment.AbstractAttachment getAttachment() {
attachment.loadPrunable(this);
return attachment;
}
@Override
public List<Appendix.AbstractAppendix> getAppendages() {
return getAppendages(false);
}
@Override
public List<Appendix.AbstractAppendix> getAppendages(boolean includeExpiredPrunable) {
for (Appendix.AbstractAppendix appendage : appendages) {
appendage.loadPrunable(this, includeExpiredPrunable);
}
return appendages;
}
@Override
public List<Appendix> getAppendages(Filter<Appendix> filter, boolean includeExpiredPrunable) {
List<Appendix> result = new ArrayList<>();
appendages.forEach(appendix -> {
if (filter.ok(appendix)) {
appendix.loadPrunable(this, includeExpiredPrunable);
result.add(appendix);
}
});
return result;
}
@Override
public long getId() {
if (id == 0) {
if (signature == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Transaction is not signed yet");
}
if (useNQT()) {
byte[] data = zeroSignature(getBytes());
byte[] signatureHash = Crypto.sha256().digest(signature);
MessageDigest digest = Crypto.sha256();
digest.update(data);
fullHash = digest.digest(signatureHash);
} else {
fullHash = Crypto.sha256().digest(bytes());
}
BigInteger bigInteger = new BigInteger(1, new byte[] {fullHash[7], fullHash[6], fullHash[5], fullHash[4], fullHash[3], fullHash[2], fullHash[1], fullHash[0]});
id = bigInteger.longValue();
stringId = bigInteger.toString();
}
return id;
}
@Override
public String getStringId() {
if (stringId == null) {
getId();
if (stringId == null) {
stringId = Long.toUnsignedString(id);
}
}
return stringId;
}
@Override
public String getFullHash() {
return Convert.toHexString(fullHash());
}
byte[] fullHash() {
if (fullHash == null) {
getId();
}
return fullHash;
}
@Override
public long getSenderId() {
if (senderId == 0) {
senderId = Account.getId(getSenderPublicKey());
}
return senderId;
}
DbKey getDbKey() {
if (dbKey == null) {
dbKey = TransactionProcessorImpl.getInstance().unconfirmedTransactionDbKeyFactory.newKey(getId());
}
return dbKey;
}
@Override
public Appendix.Message getMessage() {
return message;
}
@Override
public Appendix.EncryptedMessage getEncryptedMessage() {
return encryptedMessage;
}
@Override
public Appendix.EncryptToSelfMessage getEncryptToSelfMessage() {
return encryptToSelfMessage;
}
@Override
public Appendix.Phasing getPhasing() {
return phasing;
}
boolean attachmentIsPhased() {
return attachment.isPhased(this);
}
Appendix.PublicKeyAnnouncement getPublicKeyAnnouncement() {
return publicKeyAnnouncement;
}
@Override
public Appendix.PrunablePlainMessage getPrunablePlainMessage() {
if (prunablePlainMessage != null) {
prunablePlainMessage.loadPrunable(this);
}
return prunablePlainMessage;
}
boolean hasPrunablePlainMessage() {
return prunablePlainMessage != null;
}
@Override
public Appendix.PrunableEncryptedMessage getPrunableEncryptedMessage() {
if (prunableEncryptedMessage != null) {
prunableEncryptedMessage.loadPrunable(this);
}
return prunableEncryptedMessage;
}
boolean hasPrunableEncryptedMessage() {
return prunableEncryptedMessage != null;
}
public byte[] getBytes() {
return Arrays.copyOf(bytes(), bytes.length);
}
byte[] bytes() {
if (bytes == null) {
try {
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(getSize());
buffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
buffer.put(type.getType());
buffer.put((byte) ((version << 4) | type.getSubtype()));
buffer.putInt(timestamp);
buffer.putShort(deadline);
buffer.put(getSenderPublicKey());
buffer.putLong(type.canHaveRecipient() ? recipientId : Genesis.CREATOR_ID);
if (useNQT()) {
buffer.putLong(amountNQT);
buffer.putLong(feeNQT);
if (referencedTransactionFullHash != null) {
buffer.put(referencedTransactionFullHash);
} else {
buffer.put(new byte[32]);
}
} else {
buffer.putInt((int) (amountNQT / Constants.ONE_NXT));
buffer.putInt((int) (feeNQT / Constants.ONE_NXT));
if (referencedTransactionFullHash != null) {
buffer.putLong(Convert.fullHashToId(referencedTransactionFullHash));
} else {
buffer.putLong(0L);
}
}
buffer.put(signature != null ? signature : new byte[64]);
if (version > 0) {
buffer.putInt(getFlags());
buffer.putInt(ecBlockHeight);
buffer.putLong(ecBlockId);
}
for (Appendix appendage : appendages) {
appendage.putBytes(buffer);
}
bytes = buffer.array();
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
if (signature != null) {
Logger.logDebugMessage("Failed to get transaction bytes for transaction: " + getJSONObject().toJSONString());
}
throw e;
}
}
return bytes;
}
static TransactionImpl.BuilderImpl newTransactionBuilder(byte[] bytes) throws NxtException.NotValidException {
try {
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes);
buffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
byte type = buffer.get();
byte subtype = buffer.get();
byte version = (byte) ((subtype & 0xF0) >> 4);
subtype = (byte) (subtype & 0x0F);
int timestamp = buffer.getInt();
short deadline = buffer.getShort();
byte[] senderPublicKey = new byte[32];
buffer.get(senderPublicKey);
long recipientId = buffer.getLong();
long amountNQT = buffer.getLong();
long feeNQT = buffer.getLong();
byte[] referencedTransactionFullHash = new byte[32];
buffer.get(referencedTransactionFullHash);
referencedTransactionFullHash = Convert.emptyToNull(referencedTransactionFullHash);
byte[] signature = new byte[64];
buffer.get(signature);
signature = Convert.emptyToNull(signature);
int flags = 0;
int ecBlockHeight = 0;
long ecBlockId = 0;
if (version > 0) {
flags = buffer.getInt();
ecBlockHeight = buffer.getInt();
ecBlockId = buffer.getLong();
}
TransactionType transactionType = TransactionType.findTransactionType(type, subtype);
TransactionImpl.BuilderImpl builder = new BuilderImpl(version, senderPublicKey, amountNQT, feeNQT,
deadline, transactionType.parseAttachment(buffer, version))
.timestamp(timestamp)
.referencedTransactionFullHash(referencedTransactionFullHash)
.signature(signature)
.ecBlockHeight(ecBlockHeight)
.ecBlockId(ecBlockId);
if (transactionType.canHaveRecipient()) {
builder.recipientId(recipientId);
}
int position = 1;
if ((flags & position) != 0 || (version == 0 && transactionType == TransactionType.Messaging.ARBITRARY_MESSAGE)) {
builder.appendix(new Appendix.Message(buffer, version));
}
position <<= 1;
if ((flags & position) != 0) {
builder.appendix(new Appendix.EncryptedMessage(buffer, version));
}
position <<= 1;
if ((flags & position) != 0) {
builder.appendix(new Appendix.PublicKeyAnnouncement(buffer, version));
}
position <<= 1;
if ((flags & position) != 0) {
builder.appendix(new Appendix.EncryptToSelfMessage(buffer, version));
}
position <<= 1;
if ((flags & position) != 0) {
builder.appendix(new Appendix.Phasing(buffer, version));
}
position <<= 1;
if ((flags & position) != 0) {
builder.appendix(new Appendix.PrunablePlainMessage(buffer, version));
}
position <<= 1;
if ((flags & position) != 0) {
builder.appendix(new Appendix.PrunableEncryptedMessage(buffer, version));
}
if (buffer.hasRemaining()) {
throw new NxtException.NotValidException("Transaction bytes too long, " + buffer.remaining() + " extra bytes");
}
return builder;
} catch (NxtException.NotValidException|RuntimeException e) {
Logger.logDebugMessage("Failed to parse transaction bytes: " + Convert.toHexString(bytes));
throw e;
}
}
static TransactionImpl.BuilderImpl newTransactionBuilder(byte[] bytes, JSONObject prunableAttachments) throws NxtException.NotValidException {
BuilderImpl builder = newTransactionBuilder(bytes);
if (prunableAttachments != null) {
Attachment.ShufflingProcessing shufflingProcessing = Attachment.ShufflingProcessing.parse(prunableAttachments);
if (shufflingProcessing != null) {
builder.appendix(shufflingProcessing);
}
Attachment.TaggedDataUpload taggedDataUpload = Attachment.TaggedDataUpload.parse(prunableAttachments);
if (taggedDataUpload != null) {
builder.appendix(taggedDataUpload);
}
Attachment.TaggedDataExtend taggedDataExtend = Attachment.TaggedDataExtend.parse(prunableAttachments);
if (taggedDataExtend != null) {
builder.appendix(taggedDataExtend);
}
Appendix.PrunablePlainMessage prunablePlainMessage = Appendix.PrunablePlainMessage.parse(prunableAttachments);
if (prunablePlainMessage != null) {
builder.appendix(prunablePlainMessage);
}
Appendix.PrunableEncryptedMessage prunableEncryptedMessage = Appendix.PrunableEncryptedMessage.parse(prunableAttachments);
if (prunableEncryptedMessage != null) {
builder.appendix(prunableEncryptedMessage);
}
}
return builder;
}
public byte[] getUnsignedBytes() {
return zeroSignature(getBytes());
}
@Override
public JSONObject getJSONObject() {
JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
json.put("type", type.getType());
json.put("subtype", type.getSubtype());
json.put("timestamp", timestamp);
json.put("deadline", deadline);
json.put("senderPublicKey", Convert.toHexString(getSenderPublicKey()));
if (type.canHaveRecipient()) {
json.put("recipient", Long.toUnsignedString(recipientId));
}
json.put("amountNQT", amountNQT);
json.put("feeNQT", feeNQT);
if (referencedTransactionFullHash != null) {
json.put("referencedTransactionFullHash", Convert.toHexString(referencedTransactionFullHash));
}
json.put("ecBlockHeight", ecBlockHeight);
json.put("ecBlockId", Long.toUnsignedString(ecBlockId));
json.put("signature", Convert.toHexString(signature));
JSONObject attachmentJSON = new JSONObject();
for (Appendix.AbstractAppendix appendage : appendages) {
appendage.loadPrunable(this);
attachmentJSON.putAll(appendage.getJSONObject());
}
if (! attachmentJSON.isEmpty()) {
json.put("attachment", attachmentJSON);
}
json.put("version", version);
return json;
}
@Override
public JSONObject getPrunableAttachmentJSON() {
JSONObject prunableJSON = null;
for (Appendix.AbstractAppendix appendage : appendages) {
if (appendage instanceof Appendix.Prunable) {
appendage.loadPrunable(this);
if (prunableJSON == null) {
prunableJSON = appendage.getJSONObject();
} else {
prunableJSON.putAll(appendage.getJSONObject());
}
}
}
return prunableJSON;
}
static TransactionImpl parseTransaction(JSONObject transactionData) throws NxtException.NotValidException {
TransactionImpl transaction = newTransactionBuilder(transactionData).build();
if (transaction.getSignature() != null && !transaction.checkSignature()) {
throw new NxtException.NotValidException("Invalid transaction signature for transaction " + transaction.getJSONObject().toJSONString());
}
return transaction;
}
static TransactionImpl.BuilderImpl newTransactionBuilder(JSONObject transactionData) throws NxtException.NotValidException {
try {
byte type = ((Long) transactionData.get("type")).byteValue();
byte subtype = ((Long) transactionData.get("subtype")).byteValue();
int timestamp = ((Long) transactionData.get("timestamp")).intValue();
short deadline = ((Long) transactionData.get("deadline")).shortValue();
byte[] senderPublicKey = Convert.parseHexString((String) transactionData.get("senderPublicKey"));
long amountNQT = Convert.parseLong(transactionData.get("amountNQT"));
long feeNQT = Convert.parseLong(transactionData.get("feeNQT"));
String referencedTransactionFullHash = (String) transactionData.get("referencedTransactionFullHash");
byte[] signature = Convert.parseHexString((String) transactionData.get("signature"));
Long versionValue = (Long) transactionData.get("version");
byte version = versionValue == null ? 0 : versionValue.byteValue();
JSONObject attachmentData = (JSONObject) transactionData.get("attachment");
int ecBlockHeight = 0;
long ecBlockId = 0;
if (version > 0) {
ecBlockHeight = ((Long) transactionData.get("ecBlockHeight")).intValue();
ecBlockId = Convert.parseUnsignedLong((String) transactionData.get("ecBlockId"));
}
TransactionType transactionType = TransactionType.findTransactionType(type, subtype);
if (transactionType == null) {
throw new NxtException.NotValidException("Invalid transaction type: " + type + ", " + subtype);
}
TransactionImpl.BuilderImpl builder = new BuilderImpl(version, senderPublicKey,
amountNQT, feeNQT, deadline,
transactionType.parseAttachment(attachmentData))
.timestamp(timestamp)
.referencedTransactionFullHash(referencedTransactionFullHash)
.signature(signature)
.ecBlockHeight(ecBlockHeight)
.ecBlockId(ecBlockId);
if (transactionType.canHaveRecipient()) {
long recipientId = Convert.parseUnsignedLong((String) transactionData.get("recipient"));
builder.recipientId(recipientId);
}
if (attachmentData != null) {
builder.appendix(Appendix.Message.parse(attachmentData));
builder.appendix(Appendix.EncryptedMessage.parse(attachmentData));
builder.appendix((Appendix.PublicKeyAnnouncement.parse(attachmentData)));
builder.appendix(Appendix.EncryptToSelfMessage.parse(attachmentData));
builder.appendix(Appendix.Phasing.parse(attachmentData));
builder.appendix(Appendix.PrunablePlainMessage.parse(attachmentData));
builder.appendix(Appendix.PrunableEncryptedMessage.parse(attachmentData));
}
return builder;
} catch (NxtException.NotValidException|RuntimeException e) {
Logger.logDebugMessage("Failed to parse transaction: " + transactionData.toJSONString());
throw e;
}
}
@Override
public int getECBlockHeight() {
return ecBlockHeight;
}
@Override
public long getECBlockId() {
return ecBlockId;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
return o instanceof TransactionImpl && this.getId() == ((Transaction)o).getId();
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return (int)(getId() ^ (getId() >>> 32));
}
public boolean verifySignature() {
return checkSignature() && Account.setOrVerify(getSenderId(), getSenderPublicKey());
}
private volatile boolean hasValidSignature = false;
private boolean checkSignature() {
if (!hasValidSignature) {
hasValidSignature = signature != null && Crypto.verify(signature, zeroSignature(getBytes()), getSenderPublicKey(), useNQT());
}
return hasValidSignature;
}
private int getSize() {
return signatureOffset() + 64 + (version > 0 ? 4 + 4 + 8 : 0) + appendagesSize;
}
@Override
public int getFullSize() {
int fullSize = getSize() - appendagesSize;
for (Appendix.AbstractAppendix appendage : getAppendages()) {
fullSize += appendage.getFullSize();
}
return fullSize;
}
private int signatureOffset() {
return 1 + 1 + 4 + 2 + 32 + 8 + (useNQT() ? 8 + 8 + 32 : 4 + 4 + 8);
}
private boolean useNQT() {
return this.height > Constants.NQT_BLOCK
&& (this.timestamp > (Constants.isTestnet ? 12908200 : 14271000)
|| Nxt.getBlockchain().getHeight() >= Constants.NQT_BLOCK);
}
private byte[] zeroSignature(byte[] data) {
int start = signatureOffset();
for (int i = start; i < start + 64; i++) {
data[i] = 0;
}
return data;
}
private int getFlags() {
int flags = 0;
int position = 1;
if (message != null) {
flags |= position;
}
position <<= 1;
if (encryptedMessage != null) {
flags |= position;
}
position <<= 1;
if (publicKeyAnnouncement != null) {
flags |= position;
}
position <<= 1;
if (encryptToSelfMessage != null) {
flags |= position;
}
position <<= 1;
if (phasing != null) {
flags |= position;
}
position <<= 1;
if (prunablePlainMessage != null) {
flags |= position;
}
position <<= 1;
if (prunableEncryptedMessage != null) {
flags |= position;
}
return flags;
}
@Override
public void validate() throws NxtException.ValidationException {
if (timestamp == 0 ? (deadline != 0 || feeNQT != 0) : (deadline < 1 || feeNQT <= 0)
|| feeNQT > Constants.MAX_BALANCE_NQT
|| amountNQT < 0
|| amountNQT > Constants.MAX_BALANCE_NQT
|| type == null) {
throw new NxtException.NotValidException("Invalid transaction parameters:\n type: " + type + ", timestamp: " + timestamp
+ ", deadline: " + deadline + ", fee: " + feeNQT + ", amount: " + amountNQT);
}
if (referencedTransactionFullHash != null && referencedTransactionFullHash.length != 32) {
throw new NxtException.NotValidException("Invalid referenced transaction full hash " + Convert.toHexString(referencedTransactionFullHash));
}
if (attachment == null || type != attachment.getTransactionType()) {
throw new NxtException.NotValidException("Invalid attachment " + attachment + " for transaction of type " + type);
}
if (! type.canHaveRecipient()) {
if (recipientId != 0 || getAmountNQT() != 0) {
throw new NxtException.NotValidException("Transactions of this type must have recipient == 0, amount == 0");
}
}
if (type.mustHaveRecipient() && version > 0) {
if (recipientId == 0) {
throw new NxtException.NotValidException("Transactions of this type must have a valid recipient");
}
}
boolean validatingAtFinish = phasing != null && getSignature() != null && PhasingPoll.getPoll(getId()) != null;
for (Appendix.AbstractAppendix appendage : appendages) {
appendage.loadPrunable(this);
if (! appendage.verifyVersion(this.version)) {
throw new NxtException.NotValidException("Invalid attachment version " + appendage.getVersion()
+ " for transaction version " + this.version);
}
if (validatingAtFinish) {
appendage.validateAtFinish(this);
} else {
appendage.validate(this);
}
}
if (getFullSize() > Constants.MAX_PAYLOAD_LENGTH) {
throw new NxtException.NotValidException("Transaction size " + getFullSize() + " exceeds maximum payload size");
}
int blockchainHeight = Nxt.getBlockchain().getHeight();
if (!validatingAtFinish) {
long minimumFeeNQT = getMinimumFeeNQT(blockchainHeight);
if (feeNQT < minimumFeeNQT) {
throw new NxtException.NotCurrentlyValidException(String.format("Transaction fee %f NXT less than minimum fee %f NXT at height %d",
((double) feeNQT) / Constants.ONE_NXT, ((double) minimumFeeNQT) / Constants.ONE_NXT, blockchainHeight));
}
if (blockchainHeight > Constants.FXT_BLOCK && ecBlockId != 0) {
if (blockchainHeight < ecBlockHeight) {
throw new NxtException.NotCurrentlyValidException("ecBlockHeight " + ecBlockHeight
+ " exceeds blockchain height " + blockchainHeight);
}
if (BlockDb.findBlockIdAtHeight(ecBlockHeight) != ecBlockId) {
throw new NxtException.NotCurrentlyValidException("ecBlockHeight " + ecBlockHeight
+ " does not match ecBlockId " + Long.toUnsignedString(ecBlockId)
+ ", transaction was generated on a fork");
}
}
}
if (blockchainHeight < Constants.IGNIS_BLOCK || !validatingAtFinish) {
AccountRestrictions.checkTransaction(this, validatingAtFinish);
}
}
// returns false iff double spending
boolean applyUnconfirmed() {
Account senderAccount = Account.getAccount(getSenderId());
return senderAccount != null && type.applyUnconfirmed(this, senderAccount);
}
void apply() {
Account senderAccount = Account.getAccount(getSenderId());
senderAccount.apply(getSenderPublicKey());
Account recipientAccount = null;
if (recipientId != 0) {
recipientAccount = Account.getAccount(recipientId);
if (recipientAccount == null) {
recipientAccount = Account.addOrGetAccount(recipientId);
}
}
if (referencedTransactionFullHash != null
&& timestamp > Constants.REFERENCED_TRANSACTION_FULL_HASH_BLOCK_TIMESTAMP) {
senderAccount.addToUnconfirmedBalanceNQT(getType().getLedgerEvent(), getId(),
0, Constants.UNCONFIRMED_POOL_DEPOSIT_NQT);
}
if (attachmentIsPhased()) {
senderAccount.addToBalanceNQT(getType().getLedgerEvent(), getId(), 0, -feeNQT);
}
for (Appendix.AbstractAppendix appendage : appendages) {
if (!appendage.isPhased(this)) {
appendage.loadPrunable(this);
appendage.apply(this, senderAccount, recipientAccount);
}
}
}
void undoUnconfirmed() {
Account senderAccount = Account.getAccount(getSenderId());
type.undoUnconfirmed(this, senderAccount);
}
boolean attachmentIsDuplicate(Map<TransactionType, Map<String, Integer>> duplicates, boolean atAcceptanceHeight) {
if (!attachmentIsPhased() && !atAcceptanceHeight) {
// can happen for phased transactions having non-phasable attachment
return false;
}
if (atAcceptanceHeight) {
if (AccountRestrictions.isBlockDuplicate(this, duplicates)) {
return true;
}
// all are checked at acceptance height for block duplicates
if (type.isBlockDuplicate(this, duplicates)) {
return true;
}
// phased are not further checked at acceptance height
if (attachmentIsPhased()) {
return false;
}
}
// non-phased at acceptance height, and phased at execution height
return type.isDuplicate(this, duplicates);
}
boolean isUnconfirmedDuplicate(Map<TransactionType, Map<String, Integer>> duplicates) {
return type.isUnconfirmedDuplicate(this, duplicates);
}
private long getMinimumFeeNQT(int blockchainHeight) {
long totalFee = 0;
for (Appendix.AbstractAppendix appendage : appendages) {
appendage.loadPrunable(this);
if (blockchainHeight < appendage.getBaselineFeeHeight()) {
return 0; // No need to validate fees before baseline block
}
Fee fee = blockchainHeight >= appendage.getNextFeeHeight() ? appendage.getNextFee(this) : appendage.getBaselineFee(this);
totalFee = Math.addExact(totalFee, fee.getFee(this, appendage));
}
if (referencedTransactionFullHash != null) {
totalFee = Math.addExact(totalFee, Constants.ONE_NXT);
}
return totalFee;
}
}
| 2024-02-25T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/7039 |
Identification and QTL mapping of resistance to Turnip yellows virus (TuYV) in oilseed rape, Brassica napus.
Partially dominant resistance to Turnip yellows virus associated with one major QTL was identified in the natural allotetraploid oilseed rape cultivar Yudal. Turnip yellows virus (TuYV) is transmitted by the peach-potato aphid (Myzus persicae) and causes severe yield losses in commercial oilseed rape crops (Brassica napus). There is currently only one genetic resource for resistance to TuYV available in brassica, which was identified in the re-synthesised B. napus line 'R54'. In our study, 27 mostly homozygous B. napus accessions, either doubled-haploid (DH) or inbred lines, representing a diverse subset of the B. napus genepool, were screened for TuYV resistance/susceptibility. Partial resistance to TuYV was identified in the Korean spring oilseed rape, B. napus variety Yudal, whilst the dwarf French winter oilseed rape line Darmor-bzh was susceptible. QTL mapping using the established Darmor-bzh × Yudal DH mapping population (DYDH) revealed one major QTL explaining 36% and 18% of the phenotypic variation in two independent experiments. A DYDH line was crossed to Yudal, and reciprocal backcross (BC1) populations from the F1 with either the susceptible or resistant parent revealed the dominant inheritance of the TuYV resistance. The QTL on ChrA04 was verified in the segregating BC1 population. A second minor QTL on ChrC05 was identified in one of the two DYDH experiments, and it was not observed in the BC1 population. The TuYV resistance QTL in 'R54' is within the QTL interval on Chr A04 of Yudal; however, the markers co-segregating with the 'R54' resistance are not conserved in Yudal, suggesting an independent origin of the TuYV resistances. This is the first report of the QTL mapping of TuYV resistance in natural B. napus. | 2024-02-27T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/1123 |
Sgorio Rhyngwladol – Cymru v Azerbaijan
Live Euro 2020 qualifier between Wales and Azerbaijan. After a promising start to the campaign, two losses in the last two games have put Wales’s hopes of a place in the Euro 2020 finals in serious jeopardy. Nothing less than a victory will be acceptable for Ryan Giggs and his squad against Azerbaijan, the group’s minnows.
All the action with Dylan Ebenezer, Nic Parry and former internationals John Hartson, Gwennan Harries, Owain Tudur Jones and Malcolm Allen. Live this Friday at 19:25, with kick off 19:45. | 2024-07-03T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/4179 |
Gopal Ballav Pattanaik
Gopal Ballav Pattanaik was the 32nd Chief Justice of India.
He was born on 19 December 1937 in the city of Cuttack, now in Odisha, India. He is the eldest son of Rashbehari Pattnaik and Bidulata Dei.
He studied at the Ravenshaw College in Cuttack and graduated in Science from the Ewing Christian College,Allahabad University and earned his degree in Law from Madhusudan Law College, Utkal University in Odisha.
In 1962, he enrolled as an advocate in the Orissa High Court, where he practiced in civil, criminal, constitutional and corporate cases. He also appeared before the Supreme Court of India.His legal career started in the chambers of late lawyer Bimal Pal and Barrister Birendra Mohan Patnaik. Justice Souri Prasad Mahapatra was instrumental in encouraging him to take up the legal profession.
In 1971, he was appointed to the Standing Counsel for the state Government of Orissa. In 1974 he became an Additional Government Advocate and subsequently the Govt Advocate of the state. In 1983, he was elevated to the bench of the Orissa High Court as a permanent judge. In 1995, he was appointed the Chief Justice of Patna High Court. Only four months later, he was appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Court of India. He went on to occupy the highest judicial post in the country as the 32nd Chief Justice of India on 8 November 2002.
When Justice Patnaik took over as the Chief Justice of India, it appeared that he would not be able to achieve much in the administration of the judiciary, in view of his short tenure .Yet, he began a momentous chapter in the history of Indian judiciary by putting into practice the 'in-house procedure' evolved in 1997 to deal with allegations of misconduct against members of the higher judiciary.
Some of the far reaching and well published judgements of Justice Patnaik include:-
the Narmada Dam Project.
Denying the central government of India the ability to grant permission to Hindu organisations to perform ceremonies at the disputed Babri masjid site in Ayodhya.
Contempt of court case against Booker Prize winner Arundhati Roy.
Acquittal of several persons belonging to the minority community in cases relating to the Bombay riots.
The constitutional reference on the minority educational institutions.
In a landmark judgement in the Daniel Latifi v. Union of India, 2001 (7) SCC 740, heading the Constitutional Bench of the Supreme Court in this case, Justice Patnaik held that liability of Muslim husband to his divorced wife arising under Section 3(1) (a) of the Act to pay maintenance is not confined to iddat period. This judgement was a landmark one uplifting the rights of muslim women in India to maintenance from their divorced husband
Read more at: http://www.livelaw.in/womens-day-special-15-judgments-that-made-india-a-better-place-for-women/
Justice Pattanaik was a member of the Indo British and Indo-U.S. judicial exchange programme. He visited UK and the United States and participated in joint workshops and seminars with the judges of the House of Lords in Britain and the U.S Supreme Court, respectively.
He was conferred with an honorary doctorate in law LLD by the Utkal University.
Justice Pattnaik is a former Chairperson of the National Judicial Academy of India , Executive Chairman of the National Legal Services Authority of India ( NALSA) and Former President of the Association of Retired Judges of Supreme Court and High Courts of India.
He now resides in New Delhi with his wife Meera and is active as an arbitrator in India and overseas. He has 3 children Amar, Anjan, and Rinku. He has 3 Grandchildren: Aaryaman Patnaik, Ayushman Patnaik and Devansh Patnaik.
External links: https://www.ommcomnews.com/odisha-news/world-human-rights-day-naveen-reiterates-inclusion-of-non-violence-in-preamble-
References
Supreme Court of India - virtual tour
External links
https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2002/11/09/stories/2002110903541300.htm
www.frontlineonnet.com
supremecourtofindia.nic.in
ibnlive.in
orissa.gov.in
http://orissadiary.com/Shownews.asp?id=18357
Category:1937 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Cuttack
Category:University of Allahabad alumni
Category:Utkal University alumni
Category:Chief Justices of India
Category:Judges of the Orissa High Court
Category:Chief Justices of the Patna High Court
Category:20th-century Indian judges
Category:20th-century Indian lawyers
Category:21st-century Indian lawyers
Category:21st-century Indian judges | 2023-08-31T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/3561 |
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a surface acoustic wave functional element, and moreover to a suitable thin film piezoelectric substrate thereto and a manufacturing method thereof. The surface acoustic wave functional element is a device utilizing a surface acoustic wave, and includes a filter, a resonator, a convolver or the like.
2. Description of Related Art
LiTaO.sub.3 and LiNbO.sub.3 have very superior properties in electromechanical coupling coefficient, electro-optical effect, non-linear optical effect or the like, and are practically used as a material for a surface acoustic wave (SAW) device. LiTaO.sub.3 and LiNbO.sub.3 have substantially equal material properties including crystal structure, lattice constant, thermal expansion coefficient or the like. A material represented by LiNb.sub.x Ta.sub.1-x O.sub.3 (`x` is 0 or more and 1 or less) exhibits material properties similar to LiTaO.sub.3 and LiNbO.sub.3.
An elastic wave is divided into a bulk wave and a surface acoustic wave. The bulk wave includes longitudinal and shear waves. The surface acoustic wave includes a Rayleigh wave, a Love wave, a Sezawa wave, a pseudo surface acoustic wave or the like. The pseudo surface acoustic wave has a propagation loss. The Rayleigh wave, Love wave, and Sezawa wave do not have such propagation loss. The Love wave is a wave mainly composed of a displacement component vertical to a propagation direction and parallel to a substrate surface. The Rayleigh wave and Sezawa wave are waves that have a less displacement of which the Love wave is mainly composed; and that are mainly composed of a displacement component in a propagation direction, or a depth direction to a substrate surface, respectively. Because the Love wave has shear-wave oriented properties as described above, it has a small propagation loss in a solution. Thus, an application to a surface acoustic wave sensor in the solution or the like is expected.
In creating a high-frequency wide-bandwidth SAW filter, it is preferable to employ a wave having a high surface acoustic wave velocity (V) and a large electromechanical coupling coefficient (K.sup.2) and being free of a propagation loss. In a commercially available single crystal material, V=4000 m/s and K.sup.2 =5.5% are achieved with 128Y LiNbO.sub.3 in a Rayleigh wave which is free of a propagation loss. For use of an SAW device such as SAW filter, assuming that a surface acoustic wave velocity is V and a wavelength of the surface acoustic wave is .lambda., a use frequency is represented by f=V/.lambda.. Hence, in employing SAW filter in a high-frequency band, the low surface acoustic wave velocity results in reduced .lambda.. A pitch of a electrode of interdigital transducer is generally .lambda./4 or less. When .lambda. is reduced, it becomes difficult to carry out an electrode fabrication process using lithography; and therefore, a material having higher V is desired. A technique for improving V includes a method for forming a thin film of LiNbO.sub.3, LiTaO.sub.3, ZnO or the like on a sapphire substrate having a high V and using it, which is practically used with a ZnO thin film. However, the ZnO thin film, has such is a disadvantage that K.sup.2 is small, i.e., not greater than 5%. A material having high K.sup.2 is required to form a filter with a wide bandwidth. In order to obtain a piezoelectric substrate material having high V together with large K.sup.2, there is a growing need for making a thin film of LiTaO.sub.3 and LiNbO.sub.3 having higher V and larger K.sup.2 than ZnO, and a variety of studies have been made. The inventors have succeeded in making a thin film of piezoelectric (012) LiTaO.sub.3 on a (012) sapphire substrate and (001) LiNbO.sub.3 on a (001) sapphire substrate using a laser abrasion method, and has reported that its SAW velocity is significantly higher than that of a bulk material, and this material can be advantageously employed as a material for high frequency. However, the electromechanical coupling coefficients are obtained by theoretical calculation less than 5% for the LiTaO.sub.3 film (Y. Shibata et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 34 (1995) 249-253.) and less than 6.9% for the LiNbO.sub.3 film (Y. Shibata et al., J. Appl. Phys., 77 (1995) 1489-1503), so their use has been limited.
In a two-layer structure of a substrate and a piezoelectric film, it is known that when a velocity of the longitudinal wave in the substrate is greater than that in a bulk single crystal of a piezoelectric film material, the Sezawa wave or Love wave appears (Y. Shibata et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 34 (1995) 249-253, T. Mitsuyu et al., J. Appl. Phys., 51 (1980) 2464-2470, etc.). However, a surface acoustic wave functional element employing a Love wave or a Sezawa wave with a large electromechanical coupling coefficient and a high surface acoustic wave velocity is not practically used expect in a case that K.sup.2 is about 4.3% or less at the Sezawa wave in the ZnO film.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to achieve high V together with large K.sup.2 for a wave free of a propagation loss with a LiNb.sub.x Ta.sub.1-x O.sub.3 film. In particular, another object of the present invention is to generate a Love wave having a high surface acoustic wave velocity and a large electromechanical coupling coefficient. | 2024-04-06T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/6678 |
'use strict';
const assert = require('chai').assert;
const testdata = require('./testdata');
const H = require('./harness');
describe('#query', () => {
H.requireFeature(H.Features.Query, () => {
const testUid = H.genTestKey();
const idxName = H.genTestKey();
const sidxName = H.genTestKey();
before(async () => {
await testdata.upsertData(H.dco, testUid);
});
after(async () => {
await testdata.removeTestData(H.dco, testUid);
});
it('should successfully create a primary index', async () => {
await H.c.queryIndexes().createPrimaryIndex(H.b.name, {
name: idxName,
});
}).timeout(60000);
it('should fail to create a duplicate primary index', async () => {
await H.throwsHelper(async () => {
await H.c.queryIndexes().createPrimaryIndex(H.b.name, {
name: idxName,
});
}, H.lib.IndexExistsError);
});
it('should successfully create a secondary index', async () => {
await H.c.queryIndexes().createIndex(H.b.name, sidxName, ['name']);
}).timeout(20000);
it('should fail to create a duplicate secondary index', async () => {
await H.throwsHelper(async () => {
await H.c.queryIndexes().createIndex(H.b.name, sidxName, ['name']);
}, H.lib.IndexExistsError);
});
it('should successfully get all indexes', async () => {
var idxs = await H.c.queryIndexes().getAllIndexes(H.b.name);
assert.isAtLeast(idxs.length, 1);
});
it('should see test data correctly', async () => {
/* eslint-disable-next-line no-constant-condition */
while (true) {
var res = null;
try {
var qs = `SELECT * FROM ${H.b.name} WHERE testUid='${testUid}'`;
res = await H.c.query(qs);
} catch (e) {} // eslint-disable-line no-empty
if (!res || res.rows.length !== testdata.docCount()) {
await H.sleep(100);
continue;
}
assert.isArray(res.rows);
assert.lengthOf(res.rows, testdata.docCount());
assert.isObject(res.meta);
break;
}
}).timeout(10000);
it('should work with parameters correctly', async () => {
/* eslint-disable-next-line no-constant-condition */
while (true) {
var res = null;
try {
var qs = `SELECT * FROM ${H.b.name} WHERE testUid=$1`;
res = await H.c.query(qs, {
parameters: [testUid],
});
} catch (e) {} // eslint-disable-line no-empty
if (res.rows.length !== testdata.docCount()) {
await H.sleep(100);
continue;
}
assert.isArray(res.rows);
assert.lengthOf(res.rows, testdata.docCount());
assert.isObject(res.meta);
break;
}
}).timeout(10000);
it('should work with named parameters correctly', async () => {
/* eslint-disable-next-line no-constant-condition */
while (true) {
var res = null;
try {
var qs = `SELECT * FROM ${H.b.name} WHERE testUid=$tuid`;
res = await H.c.query(qs, {
parameters: {
tuid: testUid,
},
});
} catch (e) {} // eslint-disable-line no-empty
if (res.rows.length !== testdata.docCount()) {
await H.sleep(100);
continue;
}
assert.isArray(res.rows);
assert.lengthOf(res.rows, testdata.docCount());
assert.isObject(res.meta);
break;
}
}).timeout(10000);
it('should work with lots of options specified', async () => {
/* eslint-disable-next-line no-constant-condition */
while (true) {
var res = null;
try {
var qs =
'SELECT * FROM ' + H.b.name + ' WHERE testUid="' + testUid + '"';
res = await H.c.query(qs, {
adhoc: true,
clientContextId: 'hello-world',
maxParallelism: 10,
pipelineBatch: 10,
pipelineCap: 10,
scanCap: 10,
readOnly: true,
profile: H.lib.QueryProfileMode.Timings,
metrics: true,
});
} catch (e) {} // eslint-disable-line no-empty
if (res.rows.length !== testdata.docCount()) {
await H.sleep(100);
continue;
}
assert.isArray(res.rows);
assert.lengthOf(res.rows, testdata.docCount());
assert.isObject(res.meta);
assert.isString(res.meta.requestId);
assert.equal(res.meta.clientContextId, 'hello-world');
assert.equal(res.meta.status, H.lib.QueryStatus.Success);
assert.isObject(res.meta.signature);
assert.isObject(res.meta.metrics);
assert.isObject(res.meta.profile);
break;
}
}).timeout(10000);
it('should wait till all indexes are online', async () => {
await H.c
.queryIndexes()
.watchIndexes(H.b.name, [idxName, sidxName], 2000);
}).timeout(3000);
it('should fail watching when some indexes are missing', async () => {
await H.throwsHelper(async () => {
await H.c
.queryIndexes()
.watchIndexes(H.b.name, ['invalid-index'], 2000);
}, H.lib.CouchbaseError);
}).timeout(3000);
it('should successfully drop a secondary index', async () => {
await H.c.queryIndexes().dropIndex(H.b.name, sidxName);
});
it('should fail to drop a missing secondary index', async () => {
await H.throwsHelper(async () => {
await H.c.queryIndexes().dropIndex(H.b.name, sidxName);
}, H.lib.QueryIndexNotFoundError);
});
it('should successfully drop a primary index', async () => {
await H.c.queryIndexes().dropPrimaryIndex(H.b.name, {
name: idxName,
});
});
it('should fail to drop a missing primary index', async () => {
await H.throwsHelper(async () => {
await H.c.queryIndexes().dropPrimaryIndex(H.b.name, {
name: idxName,
});
}, H.lib.QueryIndexNotFoundError);
});
});
});
| 2024-03-20T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/9943 |
Jon Stewart Breaks Silence on Trevor Noah Controversy (Video)
“I can say this without hesitation: Trevor Noah will earn your trust and respect … or not,” the 52-year-old talk show host said on his show on Monday (April 6). “Just as I earned your respect … or did not.”
“I do hope you give him the opportunity to earn that trust and respect. My experience with him is that he is an incredibly thoughtful and considerate and funny and smart individual. I think, you give him that time, and it’s going to be well worth it. I’m excited for where he’s going to take the thing,” Jon added. | 2023-11-11T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/5705 |
/* Add the identifier globally.
* Note: Since these are the first identifiers (and references)
* to be added to the program, they will be numbered in
* sequence starting at 0 (zero). This means that the
* counter num_create_args is sufficient extra information
* to be able to keep track of them.
*/
/* FIXMEs
* It would be nice if 'return' would exit from
* the surrounding function rather than from the
* implicit lambda. (I think) So beware that the
* behaviour of 'return' might change some day.
* -Hubbe
*
* It would also be nice if it was possible to send
* arguments to the implicit function, but it would
* require using ugly implicit variables or extending
* the syntax, and if you extend the syntax you might
* as well use lambda() instead.
* -Hubbe
*
* We might want to allow having more than block after
* a function ( ie. func(args) {} {} {} {} )
* -Hubbe
*/
struct reference *ref = Pike_compiler->new_program->identifier_references + i;
if (!TEST_COMPAT (7, 2) &&
IDENTIFIER_IS_VARIABLE (
ID_FROM_PTR (Pike_compiler->new_program, ref)->identifier_flags)) {
/* Allowing local:: on variables would lead to pathological
* behavior: If a non-local variable in a class is referenced
* both with and without local::, both references would
* address the same variable in all cases except where an
* inheriting program overrides it (c.f. [bug 1252]).
*
* Furthermore, that's not how it works currently; if this
* error is removed then local:: will do nothing on variables
* except forcing a lookup in the closest surrounding class
* scope. */ | 2024-03-03T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/6467 |
On June 12, 2016 Pulse nightclub was setting of what has been called one of the most horrific incidents in modern United States history, a mass shooting taking place between the hours of two and five a.m. The targeted were the LGBTQ community attending a Latin Night hosted by Pulse. It left 49 dead and affected many more.
In the wake of this tragedy I saw a city coming together in the aftermath. Blood donation centers were turning people away not being able to take anymore in just some 10 hours after the incident taking place. Local businesses showed their support in a number of ways across the city, seemingly everywhere you looked was "ORLANDO STRONG" or some other unifying phrase.
Over 50,000 people came to a candlelight vigil held at Lake Eola in Downtown Orlando for the victims and their families. As an Orlando native it was a truly inspirational sight. | 2024-03-21T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/7521 |
The item cannot be added to your registry. Please select alternate item(s) or consider purchasing the item(s) now!The item(s) you want to add may not be available for purchase from your registry in the future. Consider purchasing the item(s) now, and check your local store if we are out of stock online.Please make a selection to add to registry.
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Product Description
Papi is back, and he's ready to party! From the studio that brought you Beverly Hills Chihuahua - you're invited to the ultimate celebration of friendship and family: Beverly Hills Chihuahua 3: Viva La Fiesta! Join Papi (voiced by George Lopez) and his two- and four-legged family as they move into a posh Beverly Hills hotel, complete with a luxurious doggy spa. But there's trouble in puppy paradise when Rosa, the littlest member of the pack, feels smaller and less special than ever. Now it's up to Papi to help Rosa find - and celebrate - her inner strength, which turns out to be bigger than she ever dreamed. Overflowing with laughter, love and excitement, this is tail-wagging fun for the whole family!
Additional Info
“R”Web#:098045
SKU:DDB37B4A
UPC/EAN/ISBN:786936821819
Manufacturer #: 10908600
Product Weight:0.2 pounds
Product Dimensions (in inches):7.5 x 5.4 x 0.6
How to Get It
Shipping Info:
This item can be shipped to the entire United States including Alaska, Hawaii, and all U.S. territories including Puerto Rico
This item can also be shipped to APO/FPO addresses and to P.O. Boxes in all 50 states
Shipping Methods:
This item may be shipped via Standard Shipping, Expedited Shipping or Express Shipping
Please Note: Some addresses are eligible for Standard Shipping only (APO/FPO, P.O. Boxes, U.S. Territories and Puerto Rico) | 2023-10-23T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/8045 |
[Cardiac involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].
In a 47-year-old man with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which had been treated by polychemotherapy and radiation, cardiac involvement was suspected on computed tomography (CT) two years after diagnosis. The ECG demonstrated atrial flutter and a slow ventricular rate. After a further cycle of chemotherapy the patients declined further treatment. Two years later he was admitted urgently because of cardiac failure, atrial fibrillation with a slow ventricular rate, and clear signs of abnormal repolarization. CT of the thorax again provided signs of cardiac involvement with lymphoma. In addition there were extensive tumour infiltrates in the liver and paraaortic lymph-node. Despite intensive medical treatment he died shortly after admission from cardiac failure. At necropsy all four cardiac chambers and the coronary arteries were surrounded completely by tumour tissue. The membranous interventricular septum, the area of the Hiss bundle and the tricuspid and mitral valves had also been infiltrated. Histologically the infiltrates consisted of lymphoid cells of centrocytic type. Increasing tumour cell involvement went together with complete disintegration of myocardial fibres. | 2023-11-29T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/4380 |
Richard Boyd Barrett
Richard Boyd Barrett (born 6 February 1967) is an Irish Solidarity–People Before Profit politician who has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dún Laoghaire constituency since the 2011 general election.
Boyd Barrett is a former member of Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown County Council. He is chair of the Irish Anti-War Movement and on multiple occasions has been cited on war issues in the Irish media. He opposed the Iraq War and helped organise protests against it in 2003, amid concerns that the war would lead to thousands of unnecessary deaths. Domestically, he has campaigned to reverse job losses, supported the Rossport Five and voiced opposition to Ireland's bank-bail outs and the National Asset Management Agency (NAMA) among other issues.
Family and education
Richard Boyd Barrett was adopted as a baby. He was raised as a Roman Catholic in Glenageary, by his adoptive parents, David Boyd Barrett, an accountant, and his wife, Valerie. He attended St Michael's College in Dublin. He holds a master's degree in English Literature from University College Dublin.
His birth mother is Sinéad Cusack, with whom he was later reunited. This was revealed in the last week of his unsuccessful attempt to be elected to the Dáil, at the 2007 general election, during which Cusack, a vocal opponent of the Iraq War, canvassed for him. In May 2013, he announced that theatre director Vincent Dowling was his biological father.
Political career
Local politics
Boyd Barrett contested the 2004 local elections for Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown County Council. He was not elected and received 1,439 votes (7.4% of the poll). In 2009, he was elected to Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council, winning 22.8% of the vote and topping the poll.
National politics
Boyd Barrett stood in the Dún Laoghaire constituency at the 2002 general election for the Socialist Workers Party and at the 2007 general election for the People Before Profit. This switch of identification was intended to increase his support from non-socialist voters. In the run-up to the election in 2007 he participated in high-profile campaigns against high-rise development, bin and water charges, privatisation of hospitals and support for the Rossport Five. Boyd Barrett lost to Ciarán Cuffe of the Green Party, by 9,910 votes to 7,890 votes on the 10th count.
Boyd Barrett again contested the Dún Laoghaire constituency at the 2011 general election as part of the United Left Alliance. On the ballot paper, Boyd Barrett was named a member of People Before Profit, because the United Left Alliance had not yet been registered as a political party.
He was elected on the 10th count without reaching the quota. This followed a "nail-biting two days" of counting and recounting votes.
Dáil Éireann
As a TD, Boyd Barrett, supported protests against cuts to Dublin Bus services, saying that "Some of the older and disabled people are literally prisoners in their homes now as a result of the cut or discontinuation of the service they previously relied on". In Dáil Éireann, he condemned the 2011 murder of PSNI officer Ronan Kerr as "an utterly brutal action, which leads back down a road which has failed". He drafted the text of the first Private Members' motion which suggests there is an "overwhelming democratic case" for putting the EU-IMF bank bailout to a referendum of the Irish people. He also committed to facilitating the nomination of Senator David Norris, for a place on the ballot paper ahead of the 2011 presidential election, and welcomed the release of Teresa Treacy, who was imprisoned for contempt of court over a land development dispute with the ESB and Eirgrid. Marie O'Halloran in The Irish Times described his "consistently passionate outrage and opposition to the Government's handling of the financial and banking crisis."
Boyd Barrett spoke at the Dublin location of the 15 October 2011 global protests, inspired by the Spanish "Indignants" and the Occupy Wall Street movements. The same month he said Enda Kenny's government was engaging in "spin and disingenuity" to cover up its austerity policies, decrying the closure of hospital emergency departments around the country for "health and safety" reasons.
On 2 November 2011, Boyd Barrett led the United Left Alliance TDs out of the Dáil, in protest against the government's decision not to hold a debate on the payment of more than €700 million to Anglo Irish Bank bondholders. "You will not even give the parliament the right to vote on the handover of all the money you have taken out of the health service", he objected. On 15 December 2011, he helped launch a nationwide campaign against a proposed household charge being brought in as part of the 2012 Irish budget.
The Phoenix reported that, after a Technical group meeting with the Troika on 17 January 2012, another member of the Technical Group, Mick Wallace, confronted Boyd Barrett and angrily criticized him for "ignoring their advance strategy of dividing up questions between them and dominating the meeting with a raft of his own queries and assertions. Boyd Barrett was part of an Oireachtas delegation that met the Bundestag's Budgetary and European Affairs committees in Berlin, in late January 2012.
In October 2012, he confirmed that he had claimed €12,000 in 2011 expenses for travelling to the Dáil from his home in Glenageary, in his Dún Laoghaire constituency – a distance of 12 km.
On 10 March 2016, at the first sitting of the 32nd Dáil, he was one of four candidates nominated for the position of Taoiseach, all of whom failed to reach a majority. Ruth Coppinger nominated Boyd Barrett for the role, quoting James Connolly from a hundred years previously when she said: "The day has passed for patching up the capitalist system. It must go" and declaring: "We will not vote for the identical twin candidates" of Fine Gael and Fianna Fáil, after they "imposed austerity". Bríd Smith seconded the nomination. The nomination of Boyd Barrett was defeated by 9 votes to 111. As well as the 6 other AAA–PBP TDs, he also had the support of Séamus Healy of the Workers and Unemployed Action, Tommy Broughan of Independents 4 Change, and Independent TD Catherine Connolly.
Campaigns and policies
Domestic policy
Richard Boyd Barrett has campaigned against Ireland's bank-bail outs and the National Asset Management Agency (NAMA), organised protests, and supported initiatives such as The Right to Work Campaign. He also proposed direct investment in public enterprise and strategic industry to create jobs in areas such as renewable energy, food production, generic medicines and IT development. Boyd Barrett has organised a campaign to oppose the sale of St Michael's Hospital to private developers, led campaigns to protect public amenities in Dún Laoghaire, including the Save Our Seafront campaign against a high rise development on the site of the Dún Laoghaire baths, and he has also campaigned to prevent the acquisition of Dún Laoghaire harbour by private companies.
Foreign policy
Boyd Barrett helped to organise mass protests against the war in Iraq in 2003. He addressed the Dublin leg of the 20 March 2003 International Day of Action. He said that it was "almost certain" that any war would lead to between 50,000 and 100,000 deaths. He said "the complicity of the Irish Government in this murderous war through providing facilities for the US military at Shannon airport" was "an absolute disgrace" and urged people to protest in their thousands "to show this carnage is not being mounted in our names". In 2009, he supported the pro-democracy protests in Iran.
In March 2005, according to the Irish Anti-War organisation, Boyd Barrett attended the Cairo Anti-war Conference in Cairo, Egypt, focusing on American intervention in Iraq.
In 2007, he called for Ibrahim Moussawi, head of the Hezbollah-owned Al-Manar TV station, to be allowed to enter Ireland to attend a Dublin conference organised by the Irish Anti-War Movement. According to the Irish Independent, Boyd Barrett said that banning Moussawi amounted to the suppression of "free public debate in the country".
In April 2009, Boyd Barrett addressed the Al-Aqsa Conference in Dublin. He said that Israel is "a state built on violence, oppression and apartheid" and "has no right to exist as long as it denies rights to Palestinians."
References
Category:1967 births
Category:Living people
Category:Solidarity–People Before Profit TDs
Category:Alumni of University College Dublin
Category:Cusack family (Ireland)
Category:Irish anti-war activists
Category:Irish tax resisters
Category:Local councillors in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown
Category:Members of the 31st Dáil
Category:Members of the 32nd Dáil
Category:Members of the 33rd Dáil
Category:People Before Profit Alliance TDs
Category:People from Dún Laoghaire
Category:Socialist Workers Party (Ireland) politicians | 2024-03-27T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/8710 |
UEFA Champions League Tip: Porto vs Liverpool
Porto is outstanding performance, 24 consecutive unbeaten records. 8 straight wins in home game. Liverpool is back form, 3 consecutive unbeaten, however they are still weak on defensive. Asian Handicap odds is Liverpool -0.25, basically, this odds level is some support to Liverpool, however Porto should higher chance unbeaten this match. | 2023-09-29T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/8128 |
Determination of trans,trans-muconic acid in workers' urine through ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.
A novel method for the biological monitoring of benzene-exposed workers has been developed through ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The method uses trans,trans-muconic acid in urine as the benzene-exposure biomarker. The method was developed using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with enough sensitivity to facilitate diluting and injecting the urine samples directly, rather than performing a solid-phase extraction procedure as is common in the available protocols. Moreover, compared with a conventional high-pressure liquid chromatography system, the separation power provided by the ultra-performance liquid chromatography system allows a 10-fold reduction in run time. The method was adjusted to a dynamic range of between 198.9 and 4916.7 µg/L to cover the biological exposure index of trans,trans-muconic acid in urine. Also, the method demonstrated intra-day and inter-day precision at 98%, and accuracy within an acceptable range of 101 ± 8%. The method has been used to quantify various types of urine samples, such as workers' urine and inter-laboratory proficiency tests. Depending on the sample, the quantified levels ranged from less than the limit of quantitation to 3836.7 µg/L. No levels exceeding the calibration range were detected in the urine of workers, and the reported concentrations in urine for the proficiency tests were, as expected, based on known values. Moreover, the new method using sample dilution and faster chromatographic run was more effective, facilitating fast communication of results, as needed, to decision-makers. | 2024-07-25T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/4448 |
Q:
Ampersand and number sign (& and #)
Ampersands and number signs do not get stored in MS SQL whenever I insert data (and it will cut the next word after the ampersand and number sign). I’m using an NVARCHAR column on my MS SQL Server 2014.
For example if I type “AJ & J,” after I search it the output will be only “AJ.”
This is my JavaScript function:
function GGPFUNCTION_AUTOSAVEHEADER() {
var OBJECTS = object;
var EVENTPARAMETER = 'INSERTUPDATE';
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "../../../MODELS/86/MAINTENANCE/MODEL_86_SHIPPINGLINES.php?SHIPPINGLINENO=" + $("#SHIPPINGLINENO").val() +
'&SHIPPINGLINENAME=' + $("#SHIPPINGLINENAME").val() +
'&ADDRESS=' + $("#ADDRESS").val() +
'&CONTACTPERSON=' + $("#CONTACTPERSON").val() +
'&DESIGNATION=' + $("#DESIGNATION").val() +
'&PHONENO=' + $("#PHONENO").val() +
'&CONTACTNO=' + $("#CONTACTNO").val() +
'&EMAILADDRESS=' + $("#EMAILADDRESS").val() +
'&BLOCKED=' + $("#BLOCKED").val() +
'&NOTEPADNO=' + notePadNo +
'&USERNAME=' + username +
'&OBJECTS=' + '<?php echo $_GET['
objectno '];?>' +
'&EVENTPARAMETER=' + EVENTPARAMETER,
data: "",
success: function(data) {
$.each($.parseJSON(data), function() {
if (this.ERROR.length != 0) {
parent.test_error(this.ERROR);
//$("#SHIPPINGLINENO").val('');
$("#SHIPPINGLINENO").focus();
} else {
if (this.NEWMODE.length != 0) {
$("#SHIPPINGLINENO").focus();
}
if (this.EXISTING.length != 0 && newMode == true) {
newMode = false;
searchMode = true;
GGPFUNCTION_SEARCHHEADER_DOCUMENTNO(this.SHIPPINGLINENO);
}
if (this.EXISTING.length == 0 && this.SHIPPINGLINENO.length != 0) {
$("#SHIPPINGLINENO").val(this.SHIPPINGLINENO);
}
newMode = false;
searchMode = true;
}
});
}
});
}
A:
You should use jQuery's jQuery.param() function to turn an object into a query string. This will do all the escaping for you.
var obj = {
"SHIPPINGLINENO": $("#SHIPPINGLINENO").val(),
"SHIPPINGLINENAME": $("#SHIPPINGLINENAME").val(),
"ADDRESS": $("#ADDRESS").val(),
"CONTACTPERSON": $("#CONTACTPERSON").val(),
"DESIGNATION": $("#DESIGNATION").val(),
"PHONENO": $("#PHONENO").val(),
"CONTACTNO": $("#CONTACTNO").val(),
"EMAILADDRESS": $("#EMAILADDRESS").val(),
"BLOCKED": $("#BLOCKED").val(),
"NOTEPADNO": notePadNo,
"USERNAME": username,
"OBJECTS": '<?php echo $_GET['objectno'];?>',
"EVENTPARAMETER": EVENTPARAMETER
}
var querystring = $.param(obj);
Now you have a query string and can use it on the end of the URL:
url: "../../../MODELS/86/MAINTENANCE/MODEL_86_SHIPPINGLINES.php?" + querystring
| 2024-04-16T01:26:35.434368 | https://example.com/article/1325 |
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