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2510.13741
Dynamics and Observational Signatures of Core-Collapse Supernovae with Central Engines: Hydrodynamics Simulations with Monte Carlo Post-Processing
A long-lived central engine embedded in expanding supernova ejecta can alter the dynamics and observational signatures of the event, producing an unusually luminous, energetic, and/or rapidly-evolving transient. We use two-dimensional hydrodynamics simulations to study the effect of a central energy source, varying the amount, rate, and isotropy of the energy deposition. We post-process the results with a time-dependent Monte Carlo radiation transport code to extract observational signatures. The engine excavates a bubble at the centre of the ejecta, which becomes Rayleigh-Taylor unstable. Sufficiently powerful engines are able to break through the edge of the bubble and accelerate, shred, and compositionally mix the entire ejecta. The breakout of the engine-driven wind occurs at distinct rupture points, and the outflowing high-velocity gas may eventually give rise to radio emission. The dynamical impact of the engine leads to faster rising optical light curves, with photon escape facilitated by the faster expansion of the ejecta and the opening of low-density channels. For models with strong engines, the spectra are initially hot and featureless, but later evolve to resemble those of broad-line Ic supernovae. Under certain conditions, line emission from ionized, low-velocity material near the centre of the ejecta may be able to escape and produce narrow emission similar to that seen in interacting supernovae. We discuss how variability in the engine energy reservoir and injection rate could give rise to a heterogeneous set of events spanning multiple observational classes, including the fast blue optical transients, broad-line Ic supernovae, and superluminous supernovae.
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3.90458
3.878742
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013741E
[ "strong engines", "line emission", "observational signatures", "multiple observational classes", "narrow emission", "radio emission", "injection rate", "distinct rupture points", "the engine energy reservoir", "Monte Carlo" ]
[ "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
0
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2510.13741" ]
[ "Eiden, Kiran", "Kasen, Daniel" ]
[ "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37258034
2510.13742
Primordial magnetogenesis in loop quantum cosmology
Primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) are magnetic fields generated during the early universe. These fields are thought to be the seeds of extragalactic magnetic fields. The origin of PMFs is not well known. Further, if they are indeed sources of extragalactic fields, then there is a possibility that observations of extragalactic magnetic fields could provide insights into the primordial physics. With this motivation, we study the generation of the primordial magnetic field in the context of loop quantum cosmology (LQC). In LQC, inflation is preceded by a quantum bounce. In this work, we consider an electromagnetic field coupled to the background as a test field and study its evolution through the bounce and through the subsequent inflationary phase. We investigate the power spectra generated in LQC and show that it is scale-dependent. We study the power spectra with different initial conditions, discuss equivalent forms of coupling functions, investigate backreaction, and compute the amount of primordial magnetic field which can be measured today. We conclude the article with a summary and discussion of the results.
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12.195026
-0.617596
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013742N
[ "Primordial magnetic fields", "primordial magnetic field", "extragalactic magnetic fields", "magnetic fields", "extragalactic fields", "the primordial magnetic field", "loop quantum cosmology", "different initial conditions", "LQC", "equivalent forms" ]
[ "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology", "Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics", "High Energy Physics - Theory" ]
0
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2510.13742" ]
[ "Nair, Ganga R.", "Sreenath, V." ]
[ "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37258048
2510.13752
Effects of primordial magnetic fields on 21 cm multifrequency angular power spectra
The cosmic 21 cm line signal of neutral hydrogen provides the possibility to constrain the matter power spectrum. Primordial magnetic fields present before decoupling have an effect on the linear matter power spectrum. The redshifted 21 cm line signal is observed at different frequencies allowing to determine multifrequency angular power spectra. These are presented for cosmological models including the adiabatic, primordial curvature mode as well as the compensated magnetic mode for different values of the magnetic field parameters. For multifrequency angular power spectra frequency ranges have been set around central frequencies of uGMRT Band 3 data as well as MeerKAT L band data. For these signal-over-noise ratios are obtained as well as for SKA1-MID which is part of the currently under construction SKAO.
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13.046263
3.200241
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013752K
[ "angular power spectra frequency ranges", "multifrequency angular power spectra", "Primordial magnetic fields", "different frequencies", "central frequencies", "MeerKAT L band data", "different values", "neutral hydrogen", "cosmological models", "the linear matter power spectrum" ]
[ "Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics" ]
0
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2510.13752" ]
[ "Kunze, Kerstin E." ]
[ "-" ]
[]
[]
37258057
2510.13765
Optimizing Supernova Classification with Interpretable Machine Learning Models
Photometric classification of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is critical for cosmological studies but remains difficult due to class imbalance and observational noise. While deep learning models have been explored, they are often resource-intensive and lack interpretability. We present a computationally efficient and interpretable classification framework that maintains high performance on imbalanced datasets. We emphasize the use of PR-AUC and F1-score as more informative metrics than ROC-AUC in severely imbalanced settings. Using an XGBoost ensemble optimized via Bayesian hyperparameter tuning, we classified light curves from the Supernova Photometric Classification Challenge (SPCC), comprising 21,318 events with a 3.19 imbalance ratio (non-Ia to Ia). Our model achieved a PR-AUC of $0.993^{+0.03}_{-0.02}$, an F1-score of $0.923 \pm 0.008$, and a ROC-AUC of $0.976 \pm 0.004$, matching or exceeding deep learning performance on precision-recall trade-offs while using fewer resources. Despite slightly lower overall accuracy, our method balances false positives and false negatives, improving the efficiency of spectroscopic follow-up. We show that optimized ensemble models offer a reproducible and lightweight alternative to complex architectures, particularly for large-scale surveys such as the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) where transparency and efficiency are essential.
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2.440269
4.518992
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013765G
[ "deep learning models", "optimized ensemble models", "deep learning performance", "Type Ia supernovae", "class imbalance", "SNe Ia", "false negatives", "high performance", "false positives", "Bayesian hyperparameter tuning" ]
[ "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics" ]
0
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2510.13765" ]
[ "Garg, Anurag" ]
[ "-" ]
[]
[]
37258062
2510.13776
Polarization dynamics of X-ray synchrotron emission from a multi-zone blazar jet
The polarization of X-ray synchrotron emission in blazars offers a direct probe into the magnetic field geometry and particle acceleration processes operating in relativistic jets. We use particle-in-cell simulations of magnetic reconnection and magnetized turbulence, coupled to polarization-sensitive radiative transfer code, to interpret IXPE observations of Mrk 421 during a high flux state recorded in December of 2023. To evaluate the fitness of the theoretical scenarios, we rely on a quantitative comparison the statistical properties of simulated and observed X-ray flux and polarization light curves using five evaluation metrics, rather than attempting to fit individual data points. We propose a multi-zone model where jet emission is represented as the sum of the radiative output of many independent cells, each described by a simulation run viewed at different orientations. Comparison of ensembles of simulated Stokes-parameter light curves with IXPE data shows that magnetic reconnection dominated models provide the best match to the observed X-ray flux and polarization dynamics. The optimal configuration corresponds to N = 15 emitting cells, which reproduces the observed amplitudes and timescales of the X-ray flux and polarization variations. Magnetized turbulence models underpredict both the flux and polarization variability. Our results indicate that a multi-zone, reconnection-powered emission scenario can describe the X-ray polarization behavior of Mrk 421 and establish a quantitative framework for testing theoretical models against IXPE observations of other high-synchrotron-peaked blazars.
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16.547127
5.275784
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013776D
[ "X-ray synchrotron emission", "magnetic reconnection dominated models", "Magnetized turbulence models", "magnetic reconnection", "theoretical models", "the observed X-ray flux", "the X-ray polarization behavior", "polarization dynamics", "jet emission", "many independent cells" ]
[ "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
0
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2510.13776" ]
[ "de Jonge, Benjamin", "Zhang, Haocheng", "Errando, Manel", "Gokus, Andrea", "Rabinowitz, Pazit" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37258074
2510.13788
Investigating double bump air showers with the SKA-Low
Double-bump showers are a rare class of extensive air showers (EAS) predicted by Monte Carlo simulations. They occur when a high-energy secondary particle, the leading particle, travels significantly farther than the rest, creating a distinct double-peaked longitudinal profile. So far, no experiment has been able to directly detect these showers. The unique radio footprint of double-bump showers, characterized by multiple Cherenkov rings, provides a way to reconstruct longitudinal profiles from radio observations. With its dense antenna array and broad frequency range, the Square Kilometer Array Observatory (SKAO) will be the first experiment capable of detecting these features, offering a new opportunity to probe hadronic interactions and constrain particle cross sections at high energies. In our analysis, we simulate the EAS using CORSIKA with the CoREAS plugin for radio. We developed a new method based on the Akaike information criterion to identify double bump showers in simulations by analyzing their longitudinal profiles. Then we investigate the prevalence of these double bump showers across different cosmic ray primary particles and various hadronic interaction models. We create a skeleton of the EAS which consists of all the particles with at least $1\%$ of the primary energy, allowing us to confirm the leading particle hypothesis and track shower development following these particles. This will enable us to relate the attributes of the leading particle to measurable parameters. Depending on the exact shower properties, the radio footprint of a double bump shower can create a complex interference pattern, consisting of multiple rings. From this information, the longitudinal profiles can be extracted. SKA due to its dense antenna array and frequency range will be the first experiment able to observe these double bump showers in detail.
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6.528649
-0.023935
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013788D
[ "double bump showers", "shower development", "extensive air showers", "different cosmic ray primary particles", "particle cross sections", "Double-bump showers", "a double bump shower", "double-bump showers", "these double bump showers", "longitudinal profiles" ]
[ "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
0
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2510.13788" ]
[ "De Henau, V.", "Bouma, S.", "Bray, J.", "Buitink, S.", "Corstanje, A.", "Desmet, M.", "Dickinson, E.", "van Dongen, L.", "Hare, B.", "He, H.", "Hörandel, J. R.", "Huege, T.", "James, C. W.", "Jetti, M.", "Laub, P.", "Mathes, H. -J.", "Mulrey, K.", "Nelles, A.", "Scholten, O.", "Sterpka, C.", "ter Veen, S.", "Terveer, K.", "Turekova, P.", "Trinh, T. N. G.", "Saha, S.", "Sharma, S.", "Spencer, R.", "Veberič, D.", "Watanabe, K.", "Waterson, M.", "Zhang, C.", "Zhang, P.", "Zhang, Y." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37258090
2510.13803
Density reconstruction from biased tracers: Testing the equivalence principle through consistency relations
Consistency relations of large-scale structure offer a unique and powerful test of the weak equivalence principle (EP) on cosmological scales. If the EP is violated, different tracers will undergo different accelerations in response to a uniform gravitational field, and this loss of universality manifests as a dipole with a characteristic $1/K$ scale dependence in the squeezed limit of the bispectrum. In this work we show that such a violation can be identified with a particular anti-symmetric {modulation} in the local cross-power spectrum of distinct tracers. Based on this observation, we propose to test the EP using quadratic estimators as a more practical alternative to the conventional approach of directly estimating the bispectrum. We apply our quadratic estimator to a DESI-like survey and forecast constraints on the overall amplitude of EP violation. Including mildly nonlinear scales in our reconstruction ($k_\mathrm{max}\simeq0.15\, h\,\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$), we find that our estimator is competitive with the more exhaustive direct bispectrum approach. This means surveys like DESI can already benefit from the quadratic estimator approach.
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11.649837
0.844815
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013803D
[ "quadratic estimators", "cosmological scales", "different tracers", "EP", "different accelerations", "EP violation", "distinct tracers", "universality manifests", "forecast constraints", "the quadratic estimator approach" ]
[ "Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics" ]
0
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2510.13803" ]
[ "Dam, Lawrence", "Darwish, Omar" ]
[ "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37258099
2510.13805
$\texttt{SBi3PCF:}$ Simulation-based inference with the integrated 3PCF
We present $\texttt{SBi3PCF}$, a simulation-based inference (SBI) framework for analysing a higher-order weak lensing statistic, the integrated 3-point correlation function (i3PCF). Our approach forward-models the cosmic shear field using the $\texttt{CosmoGridV1}$ suite of N-body simulations, including a comprehensive set of systematic effects such as intrinsic alignment, baryonic feedback, photometric redshift uncertainty, shear calibration bias, and shape noise. Using this, we have produced a set of DES Y3-like synthetic measurements for 2-point shear correlation functions $ξ_{\pm}$ (2PCFs) and i3PCFs $ζ_{\pm}$ across 6 cosmological and 11 systematic parameters. Having validated these measurements against theoretical predictions and thoroughly examined for potential systematic biases, we have found that the impact of source galaxy clustering and reduced shear on the i3PCF is negligible for Stage-III surveys. Furthermore, we have tested the Gaussianity assumption for the likelihood of our data vector and found that while the sampling distribution of the 2PCF can be well approximated by a Gaussian function, the likelihood of the combined 2PCF + i3PCF data vector including filter sizes of $90'$ and larger can deviate from this assumption. Our SBI pipeline employs masked autoregressive flows to perform neural likelihood estimation and is validated to give statistically accurate posterior estimates. On mock data, we find that including the i3PCF yields a substantial $63.8\%$ median improvement in the figure of merit for $Ω_m - σ_8 - w_0$. These findings are consistent with previous works on the i3PCF and demonstrate that our SBI framework can achieve the accuracy and realism needed to analyse the i3PCF in wide-area weak lensing surveys.
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12.251491
3.194783
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013805G
[ "potential systematic biases", "neural likelihood estimation", "shear calibration bias", "i3PCF", "systematic effects", "reduced shear", "mock data", "masked autoregressive flows", "2PCF + i3PCF", "photometric redshift uncertainty" ]
[ "Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics" ]
0
[ "10.48550/arXiv.2510.13805" ]
[ "Gebauer, David", "Halder, Anik", "Seitz, Stella", "Anbajagane, Dhayaa" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278250
2510.13863
Detecting Ca II Absorption Lines with a Fe II assisted Dual Neural Network
Ca II absorbers, characterized by dusty and metal-rich environments, provide unique insights into the interstellar medium of galaxies. However, their rarity and weak absorption features have hindered comprehensive studies. In this work, we present a novel dual CNN approach to detect Ca II absorption systems, analyzing over 100,000 quasar spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 16. Our primary CNN identifies Ca II features, while a secondary CNN cross-verifies these detections using five Fe II absorption lines. This approach yielded 1,646 Ca II absorption systems, including 525 previously known absorbers and 1,121 new discoveries, nearly tripling the size of any previously reported catalog. Among our Ca II absorbers, 95 are found to show the 2175Å dust feature (2DA), corresponding to 22% of strong absorbers, 7% of weak absorbers, and $\sim$12% of the overall Ca II population at $0.8 < z_{\text{abs}} < 1.4$. Across the full redshift range of $0.36 < z_{\text{abs}} < 1.4$, $\sim$1.5% of Mg II absorbers host Ca II.
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14.059967
8.534365
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013863W
[ "Mg II absorbers host Ca II", "Ca II absorbers", "Ca II absorption systems", "Ca II features", "Ca II", "weak absorption features", "Mg II", "II", "weak absorbers", "strong absorbers" ]
[ "Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
0
null
[ "Wang, Lucas", "Ge, Jian", "Willis, Kevin" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278347
2510.13945
Probing Quadratically Coupled Ultralight Dark Matter with Pulsar Timing Arrays
Ultralight dark matter may couple quadratically to Standard Model particles. Such quadratic interactions give rise to both coherent and stochastic signals in pulsar timing array (PTA) observations. In this work, we characterize these signals, including the effects of dark matter propagation in a finite-density medium, and assess the sensitivity of current and upcoming PTA observations to their detection. For coherent signals, we find that the sensitivity of current PTA observations competes with and sometimes exceeds that of other probes, such as equivalence principle tests and atomic clocks. For stochastic signals, we find that PTA sensitivities underperform equivalence principle constraints for both existing and upcoming PTA data sets.
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8.74526
-0.885288
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013945G
[ "current PTA observations", "PTA sensitivities", "PTA observations", "coherent signals", "stochastic signals", "dark matter propagation", "equivalence principle constraints", "PTA data sets", "equivalence principle tests", "PTA" ]
[ "High Energy Physics - Phenomenology", "Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Gan, Xucheng", "Kim, Hyungjin", "Mitridate, Andrea" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278336
2510.13946
Bell Instability and Cosmic-Ray Acceleration in AGN Ultrafast Outflow Shocks
We investigate magnetic-field amplification driven by the nonresonant hybrid (NRH or Bell) instability and its impact on cosmic-ray (CR) acceleration at reverse shocks of ultrafast outflows (UFOs) from active galactic nuclei (AGN). Previous kinetic studies by particle-in-cell simulations have demonstrated that when maximum CR energy is near the injection scale, NRH instability efficiently amplifies magnetic field up to the saturation level. However, the efficiency of NRH instability goes down as maximum energy increase since CR current is carried by escaping CRs near the maximum energy. We employ a one-dimensional MHD--CR framework solving telegraph-type diffusion--convection equations to trace the coupled evolution of CRs, magnetic fields, and shock dynamics under realistic parameters. We find a distinct transition with magnetic field strength: for weak background fields ($B_{0}\!\lesssim\!10^{-4}\,\mathrm{G}$), NRH instability efficiently amplifies upstream turbulence, driving a self-regulated state where $E_{\max}$ becomes independent of initial strength of magnetic turbulence. In contrast, for stronger background fields ($B_{0}\!\gtrsim\!10^{-3}\,\mathrm{G}$), the escaping CR current is too weak to drive NRH instability, and magnetic turbulence further decays through parametric instabilities, potentially reducing the acceleration efficiency. We give the physical interpretation for the transition and discuss conditions for PeV--EeV acceleration at UFO reverse shocks.
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7.031817
4.234697
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013946N
[ "magnetic field", "magnetic fields", "magnetic field strength", "NRH instability", "maximum CR energy", "magnetic turbulence", "weak background fields", "CR current", "stronger background fields", "parametric instabilities" ]
[ "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "Plasma Physics" ]
0
null
[ "Nishiura, Rei", "Inoue, Tsuyoshi" ]
[ "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278340
2510.13948
Large Neutrino "Collider"
We propose using current and future large-volume neutrino telescopes as ``Large Neutrino Colliders" (L$ν$Cs) to explore TeV-scale physics beyond the Standard Model. Cosmic neutrinos with energies above 100 PeV colliding with nucleons in the detector reach center-of-mass energies beyond the 14 TeV limit of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Using recently predicted and measured high-energy and ultra-high-energy neutrino fluxes from IceCube and KM3NeT, we estimate mass-scale sensitivities for representative new physics scenarios at 1--30 km$^3$ L$ν$Cs. Our results demonstrate that L$ν$Cs provide a novel avenue to probe multi-TeV particles with sensitivities comparable to, or even surpassing, those of the LHC.
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5.92833
-0.539331
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013948B
[ "multi-TeV particles", "representative new physics scenarios", "Large Neutrino Colliders", "energies", "TeV", "Cosmic neutrinos", "sensitivities", "TeV-scale physics", "high-energy and ultra-high-energy neutrino fluxes", "mass-scale sensitivities" ]
[ "High Energy Physics - Phenomenology", "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "High Energy Physics - Experiment" ]
0
null
[ "Bai, Yang", "Xie, Keping", "Zhou, Bei" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278354
2510.13949
An Explicit M1 Radiation-hydrodynamics Scheme for Three-dimensional Protostellar Evolution
We present a radiation-hydrodynamics (RHD) scheme that enables three-dimensional simulations resolving both protostellar interiors and their surrounding accretion flows within a single framework, to clarify how a protostar evolves while interacting with the accretion flow. The method builds on an explicit M1 closure scheme with a reduced speed of light approximation (RSLA) for massively parallel computation. Our scheme introduces a complementary non-RSLA radiation component that dominates in optically thick regions. This hybrid treatment restores physical energy conservation inside protostars, which would otherwise be violated under the RSLA, while retaining the advantage of large time steps. To overcome the limitation of the conventional M1 closure in solving radiative transfer in extremely optically thick regions inside protostars and across steep optical-depth gradients near their surfaces, we incorporate the optical-depth information of neighboring cells into the radiative transfer calculation. We further evolve photon number densities in addition to radiation energy densities to reconstruct an effective local spectrum on the fly without resorting to costly multi-frequency transport. We implement this scheme in the adaptive mesh refinement code SFUMATO and verify its validity through a series of test calculations. As an application, we follow the early evolution of a massive protostar formed at high redshift, within a full cosmological context. The results reveal a continuous structure connecting the swollen protostar and its surrounding disk, which cannot be captured in conventional one-dimensional models. This explicit RHD scheme opens a path to studies of protostellar evolution and its interaction with the accretion flow in realistic three-dimensional environments.
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8.735405
4.749249
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013949K
[ "protostars", "radiation energy densities", "protostellar evolution", "costly multi-frequency transport", "physical energy conservation", "radiative transfer", "photon number densities", "an explicit M1 closure scheme", "high redshift", "a complementary non-RSLA radiation component" ]
[ "Solar and Stellar Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Kimura, Kazutaka", "Sugimura, Kazuyuki", "Hosokawa, Takashi", "Fukushima, Hajime", "Omukai, Kazuyuki" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278342
2510.13952
Modelling the nebular emission of galaxies across cosmic time with COLT
Extragalactic nebular emission has long been a workhorse probe of the processes driving galaxy evolution, but the richness of JWST spectroscopy has shifted the bottleneck from data acquisition to physical interpretation and modelling. In this context, we present a major update to the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code COLT to facilitate self-consistent modelling of nebular line and continuum emission from simulated galaxies. We introduce a new thermal equilibrium solver that iteratively couples to the existing ionization solver and radiation field to compute effective gas temperatures by accurately balancing photoionization heating, radiative and dielectronic recombination, collisional ionization, charge exchange, metal and primordial line cooling, free-free emission, and Compton scattering. To prevent over-cooling where non-equilibrium hydrodynamics dominate, we introduce a Courant-limited cooling prescription tied to each cell's sound-crossing time, preserving temperatures in the diffuse halo while allowing physically motivated cooling in the interstellar medium (ISM). Applied to an isolated local galaxy simulation, the equilibrium solver reshapes the ISM phase space by reducing spuriously excessive lukewarm ($T=10^3-10^4$K) gas and better resolving warm ionized and cold neutral phases, while leaving the CGM largely intact. We further implement a level population solver based on modern atomic data, enabling accurate cooling and emissivities for a large library of UV to infrared metal lines, together with newly implemented primordial nebular continuum emission from free-free, free-bound, and two-photon processes. Finally, by applying COLT to the high-redshift THESAN-ZOOM simulations, we reproduce observed emission-line ratios, establishing COLT as a robust framework for forward modelling nebular emission across cosmic time.
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11.770354
8.433116
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013952M
[ "Extragalactic nebular emission", "nebular line", "continuum emission", "line cooling", "infrared metal lines", "effective gas temperatures", "accurate cooling", "solver", "galaxy evolution", "newly implemented primordial nebular continuum emission" ]
[ "Astrophysics of Galaxies", "Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "McClymont, William", "Smith, Aaron", "Tacchella, Sandro" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278346
2510.13954
The quasinormal mode content of binary black hole ringdown
We present a fully Bayesian, data-driven framework for identifying quasinormal modes in high-accuracy Cauchy-Characteristic Evolution (CCE) gravitational waveforms. Applying this to a public catalog, we identify QNM overtones, retrograde modes, and nonlinear modes up to cubic order in the ringdown. The ringdown mode content is tabulated across a wide range of start times for all available simulations, providing a systematic reference for theoretical and observational studies. We also search for late-time power-law tails, which are, as expected, absent from the CCE waveforms.
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8.66912
1.962529
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013954D
[ "quasinormal modes", "retrograde modes", "nonlinear modes", "start times", "QNM overtones", "CCE", "cubic order", "The ringdown mode content", "QNM", "late-time power-law tails" ]
[ "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology", "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
0
null
[ "Dyer, Richard", "Moore, Christopher J." ]
[ "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278356
2510.13955
Radiation Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation of sub-Eddington Circumbinary Disk in a 10:1 Massive Black Hole Binary
We present a global three-dimensional radiation magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) simulation of a circumbinary disk (CBD) around a massive black hole binary (MBHB) with a total mass $2 \times 10^7\,M_{\odot}$ and mass ratio $0.1$, separated by $100\, GM_{\rm tot}/c^2$. The inclusion of radiation makes the disk thinner, denser, less eccentric at the inner edge, and more filamentary when compared to an otherwise identical locally isothermal MHD disk. The RMHD disk has accretion rate $\sim 0.23\,\dot{M}_{\mathrm{Edd}}$ and produces thermal emission peaking in the near-UV/optical with a luminosity of $\sim 1\, \% L_{\rm {Edd }}$. Compared with an equal-mass binary with the same total mass, the thermal emission of the CBD around the unequal-mass binary is several orders of magnitude brighter and much more variable at far-UV/soft X-rays frequencies. Similarly, we find that the light curve associated with the $0.1$ mass ratio binary exhibits dominant periodicity corresponding to 2 binary orbits, compared to the equal-mass binary that shows periodicity at 2.5-5 binary orbits. Our results highlight the importance of radiation for the structure and observational properties of MBHB circumbinary disks and have implications for detecting electromagnetic counterparts to LISA gravitational wave precursors and for the heavier binaries targeted by the Pulsar Timing Arrays.
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7.859964
3.459565
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013955T
[ "MBHB circumbinary disks", "mass ratio", "binary exhibits dominant periodicity", "radiation", "LISA gravitational wave precursors", "electromagnetic counterparts", "several orders", "observational properties", "MBHB", "accretion rate" ]
[ "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
0
null
[ "Tiwari, Vishal", "Chan, Chi-Ho", "Bogdanović, Tamara", "Jiang, Yan-Fei", "Davis, Shane W." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278362
2510.13956
No cosmological constraints on dark photon dark matter from resonant conversion: Impact of nonlinear plasma dynamics
We revisit and invalidate all dark photon dark matter constraints from resonant conversion of dark photons into photons (plasmons) in the early universe. These constraints rely on the resonant transfer of a substantial portion of the dark photon energy density into the SM plasma, heating the plasma in the process. We demonstrate that this resonant transfer saturates because of plasma nonlinearities. Dark photon dark matter resonantly converts into $k \simeq 0$ Langmuir waves in the early universe electron-ion plasma. Once the Langmuir-wave energy approaches the thermal energy of the plasma, nonlinear effects driven by the ponderomotive force become significant. In particular, we show using dedicated Particle-in-Cell simulations that large-amplitude $k = 0$ Langmuir waves excite higher-k Langmuir and ion acoustic waves, producing strong spatial variations in density and plasma frequency. These inhomogeneities suppress further resonant conversion, limiting the deposited energy to about the thermal energy of the electrons at the time of conversion, orders of magnitude below observable cosmological thresholds. Consequently, the dark photon dark matter constraints are weaker by factors of $3000$ to $10^7$ across ten orders of magnitude in dark photon mass.
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8.49343
-1.38356
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013956H
[ "dark photons", "dark photon mass", "ion acoustic waves", "resonant conversion", "plasma nonlinearities", "further resonant conversion", "all dark photon dark matter constraints", "the dark photon dark matter constraints", "Dark photon dark matter resonantly converts", "the dark photon energy density" ]
[ "High Energy Physics - Phenomenology", "Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics", "Plasma Physics" ]
0
null
[ "Hook, Anson", "Huang, Junwu", "Shalaby, Mohamad" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278359
2510.13957
Resonant Loop Interferometers for High-Frequency Gravitational Waves
Gravitational waves at kilohertz and higher frequencies offer a unique probe of the early Universe at temperatures well beyond the reach of the cosmic microwave background, corresponding to energy scales $\gtrsim 10^9$ GeV. Existing detector concepts fall many orders of magnitude short of the big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) bound on the stochastic background in this regime. We propose a new interferometric architecture based on closed optical loops, in which the gravitational-wave-induced phase shift accumulates coherently over many traversals. This produces sharp, narrowband resonances whose predictable comb structure provides a distinct experimental signature. For square or triangular loops with parameters compatible with the Einstein Telescope infrastructure, and finesse values of order 500, we project sensitivity that approaches and even surpasses the BBN bound up to tens of kilohertz after one year of integration. Such loop interferometers thus open a realistic and distinctive path toward exploring high-frequency stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds.
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7.835323
1.828934
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013957H
[ "closed optical loops", "Gravitational waves", "many orders", "Such loop interferometers", "higher frequencies", "Existing detector concepts", "narrowband resonances", "many traversals", "order", "finesse values" ]
[ "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology", "Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics", "Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics", "High Energy Physics - Phenomenology" ]
0
null
[ "Heisig, Jan" ]
[ "-" ]
[]
[]
37278353
2510.13959
Strong Evidence for Cosmic Ray-Supported $\sim$L$^{\ast}$ Galaxy Halos via X-ray \& tSZ Constraints
Many state-of-the-art galaxy simulations featuring traditional feedback modes have significant challenges producing enough extended soft X-ray ($\sim 0.5-2$ keV) emission at R $\sim 0.5-1$ R$_{\rm vir}$ observed around galaxies with stellar masses M$_{\rm \ast} \lesssim 10^{11} \rm M_\odot$, without violating galaxy mass function constraints. Moreover, thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) measurements probing the thermal pressure of similar galaxies indicate it is orders-of-magnitude lower than predictions from simple halo hydrodynamics and many hydrodynamical simulations. We demonstrate that these constraints can be met congruously with a large non-thermal pressure contribution in the form of cosmic rays (CRs) from SNe and/or AGN, which lowers the tSZ signal while CR leptons produce plentiful soft X-rays via inverse Compton scattering of the CMB. The combination of these two observations is far more constraining on the pressure budget of galactic halos than either alone -- if these novel tSZ and X-ray observations are borne out by future studies, then taken together they reveal \textit{the strongest evidence for CR support in halos to date}. Conversely, it is very difficult to produce the extended X-rays via traditional thermal emission without increasing the overall thermal pressure and thus tSZ signal in tandem, making these tensions even worse. Finally, tSZ \& X-rays together unlock a novel observational method to constrain halo CR pressure relative to thermal pressure, with implications for CR transport parameters and AGN feedback energetics across various galaxy mass scales. Taking the currently observed constraints at M$_{\rm halo} \sim 10^{\rm 12} \rm M_\odot$ imply the halo CR pressure must at least be equal to the gas thermal pressure.
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13.433584
2.986753
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013959P
[ "halo CR pressure", "thermal pressure", "traditional thermal emission", "galaxy mass function constraints", "cosmic rays", "rays", "various galaxy mass scales", "similar galaxies", "simple halo hydrodynamics", "CR transport parameters" ]
[ "Astrophysics of Galaxies", "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
0
null
[ "Ponnada, Sam B.", "Hopkins, Philip F.", "Lu, Yue Samuel", "Silich, Emily M.", "Butsky, Iryna S.", "Keres, Dusan" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278364
2510.13962
Simulation budgeting for hybrid effective field theories
In this work, we forecast the number of, and requirements on, N-body simulations needed to train hybrid effective field theory (HEFT) emulators for a range of use cases, using a hybrid of HMcode and perturbation theory as a surrogate model. Our accuracy goals, determined with careful consideration of statistical and systematic uncertainties, are $1\%$ accurate in the high-likelihood range of cosmological parameters, and $2\%$ accurate over a broader parameter space volume for $k<1 h Mpc^{-1}$ and $z<3$. Focusing in part on the 8-parameter $w_0w_a$CDM+$m_ν$ cosmological model, we find that $<225$ simulations are required to meet our error goals over our wide parameter space, including models with rapidly evolving dark energy, given our simulation and emulator recommendations. For a more restricted parameter space volume, as few as 80 simulations are sufficient. We additionally present simulation forecasts for example use cases, and make the code used in our analyses publicly available. These results offer practical guidance for efficient emulator design and simulation budgeting in future cosmological analyses.
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11.686788
3.248398
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013962B
[ "simulation budgeting", "simulation forecasts", "cosmological parameters", "example use cases", "use cases", "hybrid effective field theory", "future cosmological analyses", "efficient emulator design", "perturbation theory", "a broader parameter space volume" ]
[ "Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Bartlett, Alexa", "DeRose, Joseph", "White, Martin" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278366
2510.13965
MHDuet : a high-order General Relativistic Radiation MHD code for CPU and GPU architectures
We present MHDuet, an open source evolution code for general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics with neutrino transport. The code solves the full set of Einstein equations coupled to a relativistic, magnetized fluid with an M1 neutrino radiation scheme using advanced techniques, including adaptive mesh and large eddy simulation techniques, to achieve high accuracy. The Simflowny platform generates the code from a high-level specification of the computational system, producing code that runs with either the SAMRAI or AMReX infrastructure. The choice of AMReX enables compilation and execution on GPUs, running an order of magnitude faster than on CPUs at the node level. We validate the code against benchmark tests, reproducing previous results obtained with the SAMRAI infrastructure, and demonstrate its capabilities with simulations of neutron stars employing realistic tabulated equations of state. Resolution studies clearly demonstrate convergence faster than second order in the grid spacing. Scaling tests reveal excellent strong and weak scaling performance when running on GPUs. The goal of the code is to provide a powerful tool for studying the dynamics of compact objects within multi-messenger astrophysics.
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8.778931
4.517247
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013965P
[ "code", "large eddy simulation techniques", "general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics", "realistic tabulated equations", "second order", "advanced techniques", "Scaling tests", "multi-messenger astrophysics", "Einstein equations", "benchmark tests" ]
[ "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology", "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Palenzuela, Carlos", "Bezares, Miguel", "Liebling, Steven", "Schianchi, Federico", "Abalos, Julio Fernando", "Aguilera-Miret, Ricard", "Bona, Carles", "Carretero, Juan Antonio", "Massò, Joan", "Smith, Matthew P.", "Amponsah, Kwabena", "Kornet, Kacper", "Miñano, Borja", "Pareek, Shrey", "Radia, Miren" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278358
2510.13968
Constraining Power of Wavelet vs. Power Spectrum Statistics for CMB Lensing and Weak Lensing with Learned Binning
We present forecasts for constraints on the matter density ($Ω_m$) and the amplitude of matter density fluctuations at 8h$^{-1}$Mpc ($σ_8$) from CMB lensing convergence maps and galaxy weak lensing convergence maps. For CMB lensing convergence auto statistics, we compare the angular power spectra ($C_\ell$'s) to the wavelet scattering transform (WST) coefficients. For CMB lensing convergence $\times$ galaxy weak lensing convergence statistics, we compare the cross angular power spectra to wavelet phase harmonics (WPH). This work also serves as the first application of WST and WPH to these probes. For CMB lensing convergence, we find that WST and $C_\ell$'s yield similar constraints in forecasts for the $\textit{Simons}$ Observatory and the South Pole Telescope. However, WST gives a tighter constraint on $σ_8$ by a factor of $1.7$ for $\textit{Planck}$ data. When CMB lensing convergence is crossed with galaxy weak lensing convergence projected from $\textit{Euclid}$ Data Release 2 (DR2), we find that WPH outperforms cross-$C_\ell$'s by factors between $2.4$ and $3.8$ for individual parameter constraints. To compare these different summary statistics we develop a novel learned binning approach. This method compresses summary statistics while maintaining interpretability. We find this leads to improved constraints compared to more naive binning schemes for $C_\ell$'s, WST, and most significantly WPH. By learning the binning and measuring constraints on distinct data sets, our method is robust to overfitting by construction.
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12.302573
3.137822
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013968B
[ "weak lensing convergence statistics", "CMB lensing convergence auto statistics", "weak lensing convergence maps", "galaxy weak lensing convergence", "similar constraints", "improved constraints", "individual parameter constraints", "constraints", "convergence maps", "summary statistics" ]
[ "Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics", "Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics", "Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability" ]
0
null
[ "Boone, Kyle", "Valogiannis, Georgios", "Gatti, Marco", "Dvorkin, Cora" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278379
2510.13974
Predictions of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Galactic Exoplanet Survey. IV. Lens Mass and Distance Measurements
As part of the Galactic Bulge Time Domain Survey (GBTDS), the Nancy Grace Roman Galactic Exoplanet Survey (RGES) will use microlensing to discover cold outer planets and free-floating planets unbound to stars. NASA has established several science requirements for the GBTDS to ensure RGES success. A key advantage of RGES is Roman's high angular resolution, which will allow detection of flux from many host stars. One requirement specifies that Roman must measure the masses and distances of 40% of detected planet hosts with 20% precision or better. To test this, we simulated microlensing events toward the GBTDS fields and used Fisher matrix analysis to estimate light curve parameter uncertainties. Combining these with Roman imaging observables (lens flux, relative lens-source proper motion), we estimated the achievable precision of lens mass and distance measurements. Using pyLIMASS, a publicly available code for estimating lens properties, we applied this analysis to 3,000 simulated events. Assuming the Cassan et al. (2012) exoplanet mass function, we find that >40% of host stars meet the required 20% precision threshold, confirming that the GBTDS can satisfy the mission requirement. We validated our approach by comparing our inferred lens masses and distances to empirical measurements from detailed image-constrained light curve modeling of historical microlensing events with Hubble and Keck follow-up imaging. Our results agree within roughly 1 sigma, demonstrating that both approaches yield consistent and reliable mass and distance estimates, and confirming the robustness of our simulations for Roman-era microlensing science.
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14.168392
12.210033
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013974T
[ "lens properties", "historical microlensing events", "microlensing events", "detected planet hosts", "GBTDS", "many host stars", "host stars", "several science requirements", "distances", "Roman imaging observables" ]
[ "Earth and Planetary Astrophysics", "Astrophysics of Galaxies", "Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Terry, Sean K.", "Bachelet, Etienne", "Zohrabi, Farzaneh", "Verma, Himanshu", "Crisp, Alison", "Huston, Macy", "McGee, Carrisma", "Penny, Matthew", "Abrams, Natasha S.", "Albrow, Michael D.", "Anderson, Jay", "Bagheri, Fatemeh", "Beaulieu, Jean-Phillipe", "Bellini, Andrea", "Bennett, David P.", "Bergsten, Galen", "Dex Bhadra, T.", "Bhattacharya, Aparna", "Bond, Ian A.", "Bozza, Valerio", "Brandon, Christopher", "Calchi Novati, Sebastiano", "Carey, Sean", "Christiansen, Jessie", "DeRocco, William", "Gaudi, B. Scott", "Hulberg, Jon", "Ishitani Silva, Stela", "Jones, Sinclaire E.", "Kerins, Eamonn", "Khakpash, Somayeh", "Kruszynska, Katarzyna", "Lam, Casey", "Lu, Jessica R.", "Malpas, Amber", "Miyazaki, Shota", "Mroz, Przemek", "Murlidhar, Arjun", "Nataf, David", "Newman, Marz", "Olmschenk, Greg", "Poleski, Rakek", "Ranc, Clement", "Rattenbury, Nicholas J.", "Rybicki, Krzysztof", "Saggese, Vito", "Sobeck, Jennifer", "Stassun, Keivan G.", "Stephan, Alexander P.", "Street, Rachel A.", "Sumi, Takahiro", "Suzuki, Daisuke", "Vandorou, Aikaterini", "Vyas, Meet", "Yee, Jennifer C.", "Zang, Weicheng", "Zhang, Keming" ]
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[]
[]
37278369
2510.13976
The ASTRID Simulation at z=0: from Massive Black Holes to Large-scale Structure
We present the $z=0$ results for the cosmological simulation ASTRID. Hosting $2\times 5500^3\approx$ 0.33 trillion particles in a box of $370\, {\rm Mpc}$ per side, ASTRID is one of the largest cosmological hydrodynamic simulations evolved to $z=0$. ASTRID features a large population of massive black holes (MBHs), covering a wide mass range $4\times10^{4}\sim 2\times 10^{11}\ M_{\odot}$. The adopted dynamical friction model provides a relatively accurate description of MBH dynamics, making ASTRID a powerful tool to study MBH growth and mergers in a cosmological context. ASTRID successfully captures the co-evolution of MBHs and their host galaxies, producing $M_{\rm BH}-M_{\star}$ and $M_{\rm BH}-σ$ relations in good agreement with observations. Notably, ASTRID generates scatter in these relations that is more consistent with observations than previous simulations, indicating a more realistic MBH diversity. The galaxy stellar mass function at $z=0$ is generally consistent with observational constraints. When dust attenuation is applied, the galaxy luminosity function also agrees well with observations, and the bimodality in galaxy colors is reproduced as well. ASTRID hosts a large population of massive galaxy groups and clusters: 7 halos have $M_{\rm 200c}>10^{15}\ M_{\odot}$, and 9709 halos have $M_{\rm 200c}>10^{13}\ M_{\odot}$. We quantify the stellar mass content in these halos, and find that the correlations between the stellar and halo mass match well with observational constraints. Finally, we present the $z=0$ power spectra of MBH and galaxies, as well as their bias with respect to the matter power spectrum. We find that MBHs with $M_{\rm BH}\geq 10^{8}\ M_{\odot}$ and galaxies with $M_{\star}\geq 10^{10.5}\ M_{\odot}$ serve as good tracers of large-scale structure.
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11.970222
5.72292
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013976Z
[ "massive galaxy groups", "galaxy colors", "galaxies", "MBH growth", "MBH dynamics", "z=0$. ASTRID", "ASTRID", "MBH", "previous simulations", "The galaxy stellar mass function" ]
[ "Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
0
null
[ "Zhou, Yihao", "Di Matteo, Tiziana", "Bird, Simeon", "Croft, Rupert", "Ni, Yueying", "Yang, Yanhui", "Chen, Nianyi", "Lachance, Patrick", "Zhang, Xiaowen", "Hafezianzadeh, Fatemeh" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278368
2510.13977
The THESAN-ZOOM project: The Hidden Neighbours of OI Absorbers during Reionization
Metal absorbers represent a powerful probe of galaxy feedback and reionization, as highlighted by both observational and theoretical results showing an increased abundance of low-ionised metal species at higher redshifts. The origin of such absorbers is currently largely unknown because of the low number of galaxy counterparts detected, suggesting that they might be surrounded by low-mass faint sources that fall below the detection threshold of current instruments. We use the THESAN-ZOOM radiation hydrodynamic simulations to investigate the connection between properties of neutral oxygen (OI) absorbers and galaxies within the redshift range $z = 5 - 8$. We find that the circumgalactic medium of galaxies becomes progressively ionised with cosmic time, leading to a decrease of $\approx 0.2$ in the covering fraction of neutral oxygen, while the total oxygen covering fraction remains constant. The observable absorbers ($N_{\rm OI} \gtrsim 10^{13}\,\text{cm}^{-2}$) are not confined to haloes: at $z \geq 5$ the majority ($\gtrsim 60\%$) arise beyond $R_{\rm{vir}}$, and including these systems is essential to reproduce the observed increase in absorber incidence with redshift. The simulated absorbers preferentially reside in overdensities rich in low-mass galaxies ($M_\star \leq 10^8\,\rm{M}_\odot$), explaining the scarcity of detected counterparts, while not excluding the possibility of nearby star-forming sources ($\geq 5\,\text{M}_\odot\,\text{yr}^{-1}$) similar to those suggested by the latest ALMA observations and, at larger distances, by the JWST. These results establish OI absorbers as sensitive tracers of the evolving ionisation structure around faint galaxies to be probed by forthcoming deep spectroscopic surveys.
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13.657386
8.252887
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013977P
[ "faint galaxies", "galaxy counterparts", "OI absorbers", "galaxy feedback", "galaxies", "Metal absorbers", "such absorbers", "neutral oxygen", "detected counterparts", "N_{\\rm OI" ]
[ "Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
0
null
[ "Pruto, Giulia", "Keating, Laura", "Kannan, Rahul", "Puchwein, Ewald", "Smith, Aaron", "Borrow, Josh", "Garaldi, Enrico", "Vogelsberger, Mark", "Zier, Oliver", "McClymont, William", "Shen, Xuejian", "Tacchella, Sandro" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278380
2510.13990
The Nephele ecosystem: stars, globular clusters, and stellar streams associated with the progenitor galaxy of $ω$ Centauri
Globular clusters (GCs) and their associated stellar streams are key tracers of the hierarchical assembly history of the Milky Way. $ω$ Centauri, the most massive and chemically complex GC in the Galaxy, is widely believed to be the remnant nucleus of an accreted dwarf galaxy. Identifying its associated debris and that of chemically similar clusters can provide important constraints on the nature of this progenitor system. We aim to identify field stars that are chemically and kinematically linked to $ω$ Cen and to a group of globular clusters associated with the Nephele accretion event. We analyse APOGEE DR17 data using a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) in a 8-dimensional chemical space to identify field stars whose abundances match those of $ω$ Cen. We then compute the orbital energy and angular momentum of these stars and apply a second GMM, calibrated on simulations from the e-TidalGCs project, to determine kinematic compatibility with the predicted streams of $ω$ Cen and the associated Nephele GCs. We identify 470 stars chemically compatible with $ω$ Cen, of which 58 are also Al-rich, consistent with second-generation stars found in GCs. Of these, 6 stars show kinematics consistent with the predicted $ω$ Cen stream, and additional stars are linked to the tidal streams of NGC 6205, NGC 6254, NGC 6273, NGC 6656, and NGC 6809. We also find overlap in chemical and kinematic properties between Nephele stars and the Gaia Sausage-Enceladus population. Our findings indicate stellar debris linked to $ω$ Cen and its candidate globular cluster family, consistent with a shared, now-disrupted galactic progenitor. Despite residual uncertainties from disc contamination and limited sky coverage, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of combined chemical and dynamical analyses in uncovering relics of past accretion events in the inner Galaxy.
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8.728807
8.42657
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013990P
[ "Nephele stars", "field stars", "additional stars", "Cen", "Globular clusters", "globular clusters", "past accretion events", "limited sky coverage", "stellar debris", "kinematic compatibility" ]
[ "Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
0
null
[ "Pagnini, G.", "Di Matteo, P.", "Haywood, M.", "Bianchini, P.", "Ferrone, S.", "Mastrobuono-Battisti, A.", "Agertz, O.", "Khoperskov, S.", "Renaud, F.", "Ryde, N." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278397
2510.13997
Dynamic SBI: Round-free Sequential Simulation-Based Inference with Adaptive Datasets
Simulation-based inference (SBI) is emerging as a new statistical paradigm for addressing complex scientific inference problems. By leveraging the representational power of deep neural networks, SBI can extract the most informative simulation features for the parameters of interest. Sequential SBI methods extend this approach by iteratively steering the simulation process towards the most relevant regions of parameter space. This is typically implemented through an algorithmic structure, in which simulation and network training alternate over multiple rounds. This strategy is particularly well suited for high-precision inference in high-dimensional settings, which are commonplace in physics applications with growing data volumes and increasing model fidelity. Here, we introduce dynamic SBI, which implements the core ideas of sequential methods in a round-free, asynchronous, and highly parallelisable manner. At its core is an adaptive dataset that is iteratively transformed during inference to resemble the target observation. Simulation and training proceed in parallel: trained networks are used both to filter out simulations incompatible with the data and to propose new, more promising ones. Compared to round-based sequential methods, this asynchronous structure can significantly reduce simulation costs and training overhead. We demonstrate that dynamic SBI achieves significant improvements in simulation and training efficiency while maintaining inference performance. We further validate our framework on two challenging astrophysical inference tasks: characterising the stochastic gravitational wave background and analysing strong gravitational lensing systems. Overall, this work presents a flexible and efficient new paradigm for sequential SBI.
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11.56277
3.319706
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251013997L
[ "Sequential SBI methods", "sequential SBI", "Simulation", "simulation", "simulations", "simulation costs", "inference", "inference performance", "complex scientific inference problems", "dynamic SBI" ]
[ "Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics", "Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics", "Machine Learning" ]
0
null
[ "Lyu, Huifang", "Alvey, James", "Anau Montel, Noemi", "Pieroni, Mauro", "Weniger, Christoph" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278422
2510.14021
Quantum Damping of Cosmological Shear: A New Prediction from Loop Quantum Cosmologies
We analyze the dynamics of the Bianchi I universe in modified loop quantum cosmology (Model I, or mLQC-I), uncovering a robust mechanism for isotropization. As in the standard LQC, the classical singularities are resolved by quantum bounce. Remarkably, mLQC-I exhibits a distinctive feature: following the bounce, the shear is dynamically suppressed and decays rapidly to zero within the deep quantum regime. This occurs independently of the collapsing matter fields, leading to a natural quantum isotropization. Consequently, the three spatial directions expand rapidly to macroscopic scales, producing a homogeneous and isotropic universe directly from the quantum epoch without fine-tuning. Our findings demonstrate that mLQC-I not only resolves singularities but also provides a more effective pathway for suppressing anisotropies than other models, thereby reinforcing its viability as a description of the early universe.
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10.689747
-0.191537
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014021G
[ "quantum bounce", "modified loop quantum cosmology", "quantum", "mLQC", "macroscopic scales", "other models", "Model I", "singularities", "a natural quantum isotropization", "the deep quantum regime" ]
[ "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology", "Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics", "High Energy Physics - Phenomenology", "High Energy Physics - Theory" ]
0
null
[ "Gan, Wen-Cong", "Graef, Leila L.", "Ramos, Rudnei O.", "Vicente, Gustavo S.", "Wang, Anzhong" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278424
2510.14022
Anatomy of the Class I protostar L1489 IRS with NOEMA - II. A disk replenished by a massive streamer
(abridged) Streamers are newly identified channels that transport mass from large, molecular-cloud scales down to small, protoplanetary-disk scales. To better understand their impact on planet formation, it is essential to study their physical and chemical properties. In this framework, we aim to characterize the longest streamer identified in carbon chain emission within the Class I system L1489 IRS, connecting the nearby prestellar core L1489 to the young stellar object (YSO). We observed multiple transitions of C$_2$H, ortho-c-C$_3$H$_2$, and HC$_3$N in L1489 IRS with NOEMA and IRAM-30m at 3mm and 2mm. Using a variety of radiative transfer methods, including a hyperfine structure (HFS) fitting, rotational diagrams, and proposing a new self-consistent Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach combined with the non-LTE RADEX code, we derived the column densities and abundances of those molecules, as well as the H$_2$ number density along the streamer. This enabled us to estimate its mass, infall rate, and its impact on the {star+disk} system's mass. We found lower limits on the streamer mass of $\geq(4.67-18.3)\times10^{-3}$ $M_\odot$ (i.e., $\geq0.65-2.57$ times the current disk mass) and an infall rate of $\geq(1.94-7.57)\times10^{-7}$ $M_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$, where the ranges correspond to the different molecular tracers. These values are consistent with those derived in similar Class I objects. This suggests that the disk could be fully replenished by streamer material. Given its mass, the streamer is likely at the origin of the external warped disk seen in this system, as predicted by numerical simulations. Moreover, the first investigations based on the C$_2$H/c-C$_3$H$_2$ and HC$_3$N/c-C$_3$H$_2$ abundance ratios suggest that the streamer chemistry may be inherited from the core. These results suggest, for the first time, that the chemical composition of a Class I object is [...]
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10.787693
11.577465
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014022T
[ "streamer material", "Streamers", "L1489 IRS", "mass", "carbon chain emission", "radiative transfer methods", "M_\\odot$ yr$^{-1}$", "planet formation", "the current disk mass", "IRS" ]
[ "Solar and Stellar Astrophysics", "Earth and Planetary Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Tanious, M.", "Le Gal, R.", "Faure, A.", "Maret, S.", "López-Sepulcre, A.", "Hily-Blant, P." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278414
2510.14026
Conversion and Damping of Non-axisymmetric Internal Gravity Waves in Magnetized Stellar Cores
Magnetism is thought to play an important role in the evolution and dynamics of stars, though little is known about magnetic fields deep within stellar interiors. A promising avenue for probing these fields uses asteroseismic observations of global oscillations that result from the coupling of acoustic waves in the convective zone to internal gravity waves (IGWs) in the radiative interior. Recent modeling efforts implicate deep magnetic fields in the suppression of dipole mixed modes observed in 20% of red giants and a number of high-mass main sequence stars. Previous numerical and theoretical work shows that core magnetic fields could suppress axisymmetric global modes by refracting down-going IGWs into slow-magnetosonic (SM) waves that damp at magnetic cutoff heights. Here, we extend these results to the non-axisymmetric case, for which the IGWs and SM waves are coupled to a continuous spectrum of Alfven waves (AWs). We consider a Cartesian model of the radiative interior with uniform stratification and a spatially-varying, current-free magnetic field. Using a Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation to solve for the vertical mode structure, corroborated with numerical simulations, we show that IGWs convert to up-going SM waves, which resonate with the Alfven spectrum and produce mixed SM-AW modes. We find cutoff heights (as in the axisymmetric case), above which the SM/SM-AWs convert to AWs. Latitudinal variations of the background magnetic field lead to phase mixing of the AWs, resulting in rapid damping. Our results suggest that energy in both axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric IGWs is lost via interactions with a strong magnetic field.
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8.128653
11.899076
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014026D
[ "magnetic fields", "deep magnetic fields", "core magnetic fields", "SM waves", "axisymmetric global modes", "magnetic cutoff heights", "Alfven waves", "internal gravity waves", "acoustic waves", "dipole mixed modes" ]
[ "Solar and Stellar Astrophysics", "Fluid Dynamics" ]
0
null
[ "David, Cy S.", "Lecoanet, Daniel", "Garaud, Pascale" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278421
2510.14031
Investigating Nonlinear Landau Damping in Hybrid Simulations
Phenomenological studies of cosmic-ray self-confinement often hinge on the linear theory for the growth rate of the streaming instability and for the damping rate of the generated magnetic modes. Largely different expressions exist, especially for the rate of nonlinear Landau damping, which is often assumed to be the most important damping mechanism in warm ionized plasmas. Using hybrid-PIC simulations in the resonant streaming instability regime, we present a comprehensive assessment of nonlinear Landau damping and show that the damping rate at a given scale depends on the power in magnetic fields on larger scales. Furthermore, we find that an inverse cascade develops, which produces magnetic fields on scales larger than the resonant ones. Here we extend previous results obtained for a mono-energetic distribution of non-thermal particles to the case of broader CR distributions, as a first step towards developing phenomenological models. Pre-existing turbulence of Alfvénic nature at large scales severely affects the damping of waves produced by low-energy CRs; depending on its amplitude, such a turbulence may inhibit the growth of streaming instability so that CRs are either self-confined at all energies or not at all.
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7.19104
3.936018
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014031S
[ "large scales", "larger scales", "streaming instability", "broader CR distributions", "non-thermal particles", "magnetic fields", "Pre-existing turbulence", "nonlinear Landau", "scales", "Phenomenological studies" ]
[ "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
0
null
[ "Schroer, Benedikt", "Caprioli, Damiano", "Blasi, Pasquale" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278432
2510.14037
Exploring the impact of electromagnetic dissipation on ultra-relativistic plasma outflows
Ultra-relativistic plasma outflows are intrinsically connected with gamma-ray bursts. Over the years, a large number of analytical and numerical works has been devoted to understanding the intricacies of their complex dynamics, with most of these past studies performed in the ideal MHD regime. We propose a self-similar formalism, based on the expansion of the equations of resistive relativistic magnetohydrodynamics, for the description of these outflows in the vicinity of their symmetry axis and present semi-analytical solutions describing strongly relativistic jets in both the ideal and resistive MHD regimes. Our solutions provide a clear picture of the impact of electromagnetic dissipation on the acceleration and collimation mechanisms which determine the kinetic and morphological characteristics of these relativistic outflows. The resistive MHD solutions are compared to their ideal MHD counterparts, revealing the key differences between the two regimes. Our comparative analysis sheds light on the possible role of electromagnetic dissipation in shaping the dynamics of the ultra-relativistic outflows associated with gamma-ray bursts.
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15.655499
4.718369
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014037L
[ "Ultra-relativistic plasma outflows", "resistive relativistic magnetohydrodynamics", "present semi-analytical solutions", "electromagnetic dissipation", "the ultra-relativistic outflows", "MHD", "morphological characteristics", "these relativistic outflows", "The resistive MHD solutions", "the ideal MHD regime" ]
[ "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
0
null
[ "Loules, Argyrios", "Vlahakis, Nektarios" ]
[ "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278461
2510.14059
Probing Helium Reionization Through the $^{3}\mathrm{He}^{+}$ Hyperfine Transition Line
We investigate the hyperfine transition of $^{3}\mathrm{He}^{+}$ as a promising probe of the IGM during the final stages of helium reionization. Utilising the most recent helium reionization simulation, we generate three-dimensional maps of the 3.5cm ($8.67$ GHz) differential brightness temperature and analyze its evolution. Our results show that the volume-averaged brightness temperature declines rapidly from $\sim 1 μ$K at $z = 4$ to $\sim 2.5 \times 10^{-3} μ$K by $z = 2.3$, tracing the HeII to HeIII transition driven by quasars. The power spectrum of the 3.5cm signal exhibits a scale-dependent evolution, peaking on small scales and declining as reionization progresses. We explore the cross-correlation of the 3.5cm transition line with the distribution of AGNs, which shows a transition from positive to negative correlation as ionized regions grow. We also examine the 3.5cm forest and demonstrate that absorption features persist down to $z \sim 2.90$, even when more than $85\%$ of HeII is ionized. Although current observational upper limits lie several orders of magnitude above theoretical predictions, future radio arrays such as $\mathrm{SKA-mid}$ offer promising prospects. Overall, this study highlights the $^{3}\mathrm{He}^{+}$ hyperfine transition as a sensitive tracer of the thermal and ionization history of the IGM during helium reionization.
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13.741843
5.660442
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014059B
[ "HeIII transition", "helium reionization", "reionization progresses", "negative correlation", "future radio arrays", "current observational upper limits", "small scales", "several orders", "promising prospects", "theoretical predictions" ]
[ "Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics", "Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
0
null
[ "Basu, Arghyadeep", "Ciardi, Benedetta", "Garaldi, Enrico" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278485
2510.14083
NGTS-11 c: a transiting Neptune-mass planet interior to the warm Saturn NGTS-11 b
We report the discovery of NGTS-11 c, a transiting warm Neptune ($P \approx 12.8$ d; $M_{p} = 1.2^{+0.3}_{-0.2} M_{\mathrm{Nep}}$; $R_{p} = 1.24 \pm 0.03 R_{\mathrm{Nep}}$), in an orbit interior to the previously reported transiting warm Saturn NGTS-11 b ($P \approx 35.5$ d). We also find evidence of a third outer companion orbiting the K-dwarf NGTS-11. We first detected transits of NGTS-11 c in TESS light curves and confirmed them with follow-up transits from NGTS and many other ground-based facilities. Radial-velocity monitoring with the HARPS and FEROS spectrographs revealed the mass of NGTS-11 c and provides evidence for a long-period companion ($P > 2300$ d; $M_{p} \sin i > 3.6 M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$). Taking into account the two additional bodies in our expanded datasets, we find that the mass of NGTS-11 b ($M_{p} = 0.63 \pm 0.09 M_{\mathrm{Sat}}$; $R_{p} = 0.97 \pm 0.02 R_{\mathrm{Sat}}$) is lower than previously reported ($M_{p} = 1.2 \pm 0.3 M_{\mathrm{Sat}}$). Given their near-circular and compact orbits, NGTS-11 c and b are unlikely to have reached their present locations via high-eccentricity migration. Instead, they probably either formed in situ or formed farther out and then underwent disk migration. A comparison of NGTS-11 with the eight other known systems hosting multiple well-characterized warm giants shows that it is most similar to Kepler-56. Finally, we find that the commonly used 10-day boundary between hot and warm Jupiters is empirically well supported.
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6.562309
13.916191
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014083A
[ "NGTS-11 c", "NGTS-11", "M_{p", "TESS light curves", "disk migration", "\\pm", "transits", "a transiting warm Neptune", "evidence", "many other ground-based facilities" ]
[ "Earth and Planetary Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Anderson, David R.", "Vines, Jose I.", "Hesse, Katharine", "Dyregaard Nielsen, Louise", "Brahm, Rafael", "Moyano, Maximiliano", "Wheatley, Peter J.", "Barkaoui, Khalid", "Bieryla, Allyson", "Burleigh, Matthew R.", "Cloutier, Ryan", "Collins, Karen A.", "Evans, Phil", "Howell, Steve B.", "Kielkopf, John", "Lewin, Pablo", "Schwarz, Richard P.", "Shporer, Avi", "Tan, Thiam-Guan", "Timmermans, Mathilde", "Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.", "Ziegler, Carl", "Apergis, Ioannis", "Armstrong, David J.", "Alves, Douglas R.", "Bayliss, Daniel", "Bouchy, Francois", "Casewell, Sarah L.", "Chaushev, Alexander", "Davies, Benjamin D. R.", "Daylan, Tansu", "Ducrot, Elsa", "Ghachoui, Mourad", "Gill, Samuel", "Gillen, Edward", "Gillon, Michael", "Gunther, Maximilian N.", "Henning, Thomas", "Hobson, Melissa", "Horne, Keith", "Jehin, Emmanuel", "Jenkins, James S.", "Jordan, Andres", "Kunimoto, Michelle", "Lachaume, Regis", "Lendl, Monika", "McCormac, James", "Murgas, Felipe", "Murray, Catriona", "Osborn, Ares", "Pozuelos, Francisco J.", "Queloz, Didier", "Saha, Suman", "Sebastian, Daniel", "Smith, Alexis M. S.", "Udry, Stephane", "Ulmer-Moll, Solène", "Vanderburg, Andrew", "West, Richard G." ]
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[]
[]
37278479
2510.14089
Towards field-level likelihood for projected fields: Evolved projected fields from initial projected fields
The evolved cosmological matter density field is fully determined by the initial matter density field at fixed cosmological parameters. However, the two-dimensional cosmological projected matter density field, relevant for weak-lensing and photometric galaxy studies, is fully determined by the initial projected matter density field only at the linear order. At non-linear order, the entire volume of initial matter contributes. We study a model for the evolved projected density field that is deterministic in the initial projected density fields and probabilistic in the effects of the remaining modes in the initial conditions. We write down predictions for the mean evolved projected field model using Lagrangian perturbation theory. We run a suite of small N-body simulations with fixed projected initial conditions and measure the statistical properties of the ensemble of evolved projected fields. Measurements and theory are in good agreement and show that the information on the initial projected fields is exponentially suppresses on non-linear scales. Our model offers a potential approach to a field-level likelihood of projected fields.
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11.594042
2.851046
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014089H
[ "evolved projected fields", "projected fields", "projected field model", "fixed projected initial conditions", "the initial projected matter density field", "the initial projected density fields", "the evolved projected density field", "the initial matter density field", "the initial projected fields", "non-linear order" ]
[ "Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Hong, Kevin", "Pund, Rugved", "Slosar, Anže" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278501
2510.14102
Extracting latent representations from X-ray spectra. Classification, regression, and accretion signatures of Chandra sources
The study of X-ray spectra is crucial to understanding the physical nature of astrophysical sources. Machine learning methods can extract compact and informative representations of data from large datasets. The Chandra Source Catalog (CSC) provides a rich archive of X-ray spectral data, which remains largely underexplored in this context. This work aims to develop a compact and physically meaningful representation of Chandra X-ray spectra using deep learning. To verify that the learned representation captures relevant information, we evaluate it through classification, regression, and interpretability analyses. We use a transformer-based autoencoder to compress X-ray spectra. The input spectra, drawn from the CSC, include only high-significance detections. Astrophysical source types and physical summary statistics are compiled from external catalogs. We evaluate the learned representation in terms of spectral reconstruction accuracy, clustering performance on 8 known astrophysical source classes, and correlation with physical quantities such as hardness ratios and hydrogen column density ($N_H$). The autoencoder accurately reconstructs spectra with 8 latent variables. Clustering in the latent space yields a balanced classification accuracy of $\sim$40% across the 8 source classes, increasing to $\sim$69% when restricted to AGNs and stellar-mass compact objects exclusively. Moreover, latent features correlate with non-linear combinations of spectral fluxes, suggesting that the compressed representation encodes physically relevant information. The proposed autoencoder-based pipeline is a powerful tool for the representation and interpretation of X-ray spectra, providing a compact latent space that supports both classification and the estimation of physical properties. This work demonstrates the potential of deep learning for spectral studies and uncovering new patterns in X-ray data.
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11.457386
4.671709
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014102P
[ "X-ray spectra", "X-ray spectral data", "Chandra X-ray spectra", "X-ray data", "Chandra X-ray", "spectral reconstruction accuracy", "spectral studies", "physical summary statistics", "Astrophysical source types", "astrophysical sources" ]
[ "Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics", "Artificial Intelligence", "Machine Learning" ]
0
null
[ "Pinciroli Vago, Nicolò Oreste", "Martínez-Galarza, Juan Rafael", "Amato, Roberta" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278528
2510.14127
Axisymmetric hydrodynamics in numerical relativity: treating coordinate singularity, artificial heating and modeling MHD instabilities
Two-dimensional axisymmetric simulations of binary neutron star (BNS) merger remnant are a cheap alternative to 3D simulations. To maintain realism for secular timescales, simulations must avoid accumulated errors from drifts in conserved quantities and artificial heating, and they must model turbulent transport in a way that remains plausible throughout the evolution. It is also crucial to avoid numerical artifacts due to the polar coordinate axis singularity. Methods that behave well near the axis often break flux-conservative form of the hydrodynamic equations, resulting in significant drifts in conserved quantities. We present a flux-conservative scheme that maintains smoothness near the axis without sacrificing conservative formulation of the equations or incurring drifts in conserved global quantities. We compare the numerical performance of different treatments of the hydrodynamic equations when evolving a hypermassive neutron star resembling the remnant of a BNS merger. These simulations demonstrate that the new scheme combines the axis smoothness of non-conservative methods with the mass and angular momentum conservation of other conservative methods on $\sim$ $10^2$ ms timescales of viscous and neutrino-driven evolution. Because fluid profiles remain smooth in the remnant interior, it is possible to remove artificial heating by evolving the entropy density. We show how physical heating and cooling terms can be easily calculated from source terms of the conservative evolution variables and demonstrate our implementation. Finally, we discuss and implement improvements to the effective viscosity scheme to better model the effect of magnetohydrodynamic instabilities as the remnant evolves.
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6.25258
2.381022
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014127C
[ "other conservative methods", "non-conservative methods", "conservative formulation", "artificial heating", "physical heating", "conserved global quantities", "3D simulations", "significant drifts", "conserved quantities", "binary neutron star" ]
[ "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology" ]
0
null
[ "Chawhan, Pavan", "Duez, Matthew D.", "Foucart, Francois", "Chi-Kit Cheong, Patrick", "Muhammed, Nishad" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278521
2510.14130
A formation mechanism for narrow rings around minor bodies
The recent discovery of narrow rings around minor bodies has raised many questions regarding their origin and current dynamics. Sharp ring boundaries seem indicative of shepherding moonlets, but none have been found. All rings lie close to spin-orbit resonances (SORs) with the central body, particularly the 1/3, even though it is not clear how these may be related. Furthermore, in at least one case the location of the ring is exterior to the Roche radius, adding to the striking differences with respect to giant planets. We study the dynamical evolution of a particle disk around a minor body, perturbed by the non-spherical component of the gravity field, particle collisions, and spin changes of the central mass linked to angular momentum conservation. By varying key parameters, we search for cases where the combined effects may lead to resonance capture and orbital configurations similar to those that have been observed. We performed N-body simulations of massless particles orbiting a central spherical body with a co-rotating mass anomaly. Collisions were modeled by adopting a simple radial damping force. Angular momentum conservation links the body spin to the disk orbital evolution. Since the gravitational effect of the test particles is neglected, this back-reaction is introduced externally assuming ad hoc spin-down rates and disk mass. Interaction between non-sphericity and collisions leads to the formation of a narrow ring that slowly recedes from the central mass. Spin-down of the minor planet shifts the SORs outward, enabling resonant capture. For suitable parameters, a portion -or all- of the initial disk can become trapped in the 1/3 SOR with the mass anomaly, in dynamically stable low-eccentricity orbits. Although the required disk mass is high ($\ge 1\%$ of the central body), long-term collisional erosion could reduce it to values that are consistent with observed ringlets.
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8.199041
15.715551
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014130B
[ "minor bodies", "particle collisions", "disk mass", "narrow rings", "Sharp ring boundaries", "spin changes", "massless particles", "resonance capture", "a central spherical body", "Angular momentum conservation" ]
[ "Earth and Planetary Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Beaugé, C.", "Gianuzzi, E.", "Trógolo, N.", "Leiva, A. M.", "Zoppetti, F. A.", "Cerioni, M." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278529
2510.14134
The 2025 Failed Outburst of IGR J17091-3624: Spectral Evolution and the Role of Ionized Absorbers
IGR J17091-3624 is the only black hole X-ray binary candidate, aside from the well-studied black hole system GRS 1915+105, observed to exhibit a wide range of structured variability patterns in its light curves. In 2025, the source underwent a ``failed'' outburst: it brightened in the hard state but did not transition to the soft state before returning to quiescence within a few weeks. During this period, IGR J17091-3624 was observed by multiple ground- and space-based facilities. Here, we present results from six pointed NuSTAR observations obtained during the outburst. None of the NuSTAR light curves showed the exotic variability classes typical of the soft state in this source; however, we detected, for the first time, strong dips in the count rate during one epoch, with a total duration of $\sim4\,\mathrm{ks}$ as seen by NuSTAR. Through spectral and timing analysis of all six epochs, we investigate the hard-state spectral evolution and the nature of the dips. A clear evolution of the coronal properties with luminosity is observed over all six epochs, with clear signatures of relativistic disk reflection which remain largely unchanged across the first five epochs. The first five epochs also show a strong and stable quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) feature in the power spectra. The dips observed in Epoch 5 are consistent with partial obscuration by ionized material with a column density $N_{\mathrm{H}} \approx 2.0 \times 10^{23}\,\mathrm{cm^{-2}}$. We discuss possible origins for this material and place constraints on the orbital parameters and distance of the system.
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6.0874
6.52514
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014134A
[ "ionized material", "structured variability patterns", "NuSTAR", "relativistic disk reflection", "the only black hole X-ray binary candidate", "clear signatures", "partial obscuration", "first", "possible origins", "QPO" ]
[ "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
0
null
[ "Adegoke, Oluwashina K.", "Garcia, Javier A.", "Mastroserio, Guglielmo", "Kammoun, Elias", "Connors, Riley M. T.", "Steiner, James F.", "Harrison, Fiona A.", "Buisson, Douglas J. K.", "coley, Joel B.", "Coughenour, Benjamin M.", "Dauser, Thomas", "Ewing, Melissa", "Ingram, Adam", "Kara, Erin", "Nathan, Edward", "Parra, Maxime", "Stern, Daniel", "Tomsick, John A." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278539
2510.14135
Probing cosmic velocities with the pairwise kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich signal in DESI Bright Galaxy Sample DR1 and ACT DR6
We present a measurement of the pairwise kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) signal using the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Bright Galaxy Sample (BGS) Data Release 1 (DR1) galaxy sample overlapping with the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) CMB temperature map. Our analysis makes use of $1.6$ million galaxies with stellar masses $\log M_\star/M_\odot > 10$, and we explore measurements across a range of aperture sizes ($2.1' < θ_{\rm ap} < 3.5'$) and stellar mass selections. This statistic directly probes the velocity field of the large-scale structure, a unique observable of cosmic dynamics and modified gravity. In particular, at low redshifts, this quantity is especially interesting, as deviations from General Relativity are expected to be largest. Notably, our result represents the highest-significance low-redshift ($z \sim 0.3$) detection of the kSZ pairwise effect yet. In our most optimal configuration ($θ_{\rm ap} = 3.3'$, $\log M_\star > 11$), we achieve a $5σ$ detection. Assuming that an estimate of the optical depth and galaxy bias of the sample exists via e.g., external observables, this measurement constrains the fundamental cosmological combination $H_0 f σ_8^2$. A key challenge is the degeneracy with the galaxy optical depth. We address this by combining CMB lensing, which allows us to infer the halo mass and galaxy population properties, with hydrodynamical simulation estimates of the mean optical depth, $\bar τ$. We stress that this is a proof-of-concept analysis; with BGS DR2 data we expect to improve the statistical precision by roughly a factor of two, paving the way toward robust tests of modified gravity with kSZ-informed velocity-field measurements at low redshift.
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13.28144
2.717173
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014135H
[ "low redshift", "low redshifts", "\\log M_\\star", "measurements", "BGS DR2 data", "hydrodynamical simulation estimates", "CMB temperature map", "external observables", "stellar masses", "stellar mass selections" ]
[ "Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Hadzhiyska, B.", "Gong, Y.", "Hsu, Y.", "Gallardo, P. A.", "Aguilar, J.", "Ahlen, S.", "Alonso, D.", "Bean, R.", "Bianchi, D.", "Brooks, D.", "Castander, F. J.", "Claybaugh, T.", "Cole, S.", "Cuceu, A.", "de la Macorra, A.", "Dey, Arjun", "Ferraro, S.", "Font-Ribera, A.", "Forero-Romero, J. E.", "Gontcho, S. Gontcho A", "Gutierrez, G.", "Guy, J.", "Herrera-Alcantar, H. K.", "Howlett, C.", "Huterer, D.", "Ishak, M.", "Joyce, R.", "Kisner, T.", "Kremin, A.", "Landriau, M.", "Le Guillou, L.", "Levi, M. E.", "Manera, M.", "Meisner, A.", "Miquel, R.", "Moodley, K.", "Mroczkowski, T.", "Nadathur, S.", "Palanque-Delabrouille, N.", "Percival, W. J.", "Prada, F.", "Qu, F. J.", "Perez-Rafols, I.", "Ried Guachalla, B.", "Rossi, G.", "Sanchez, E.", "Schaan, E.", "Schlegel, D.", "Schubnell, M.", "Seo, H.", "Sifon, C.", "Silber, J.", "Sprayberry, D.", "Tarle, G.", "Vavagiakis, E. M.", "Weaver, B. A.", "Zhou, R.", "Zou, H." ]
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[]
[]
37278549
2510.14149
Analysis of Planetary Nebulae in the Milky Way: Physical Properties, Chemical Abundances, and Galactic Distributions
In this study, we investigate the physical and chemical properties of planetary nebulae (PNe) from the Milky Way Galaxy using the largest number of sources to date, with 1,449 True PNe from the HASH database. Among the Galactic components thin disk, thick disk, halo, and bulge-most PNe are concentrated in the Galactic disk, with a median angular size of 12 arcseconds (0.45 pc), while halo PNe tend to have larger sizes. Physical parameters of whole PNe, extinction coefficent c(Hbeta), electron temperature (Te), and density (Ne) show Gaussian-like distributions with medians of 1.5, 9,900 K, and 1,200 cm(-3), respectively. The abundances of He, N, O, Ne, S, Cl, and Ar in PNe show Gaussian distributions with slight variations across Galactic components. PNe located in thin disk exhibit higher abundances, except for O and Ne, while PNe in halo have the lowest values for all elements. Strong correlations between elements, particularly Sulphur vs. Nitrogen (r=0.87), were identified using statistical tests. Comparisons with previous studies reveal variations ( 2 dex.) in abundance ratios, particularly in halo PNe. We also present the first detailed database in the literature, providing 7,200 abundance values for these elements, derived from 16,500 emission line measurements, to support the testing and development of theoretical models.
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10.186458
9.762864
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014149E
[ "halo PNe", "most PNe", "whole PNe", "PNe", "thin disk exhibit higher abundances", "thick disk", "Gaussian distributions", "abundance ratios", "Galactic components", "larger sizes" ]
[ "Astrophysics of Galaxies", "Solar and Stellar Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Erzincan, N.", "Aksaker, N.", "Akyuz, A.", "Parker, Q." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278559
2510.14152
Connecting outflows with radio emission in AGN at Cosmic Noon
AGN feedback is a well known mechanism in the evolution of galaxies. One open question is the driving mechanism of galaxy-scale outflows. At low redshift, radio jets often interact with the ISM, generating turbulence and driving ionized outflows. Despite this evidence at low redshift, relatively few studies have investigated the radio-ionized gas connection at cosmic noon. Thus, our main goal is to conduct a pilot study using VLA data for three quasars with moderate/high radio power, which have ionized outflows identified in observations from the SUPER survey. We used [OIII] data from SINFONI analyzed in earlier studies, along with new 6.2 GHz VLA radio observations, at comparable spatial resolution. We also incorporate radio data from the literature to explore the radio emission. We detected extended radio structure in our VLA A-array data for two quasars. The extended structure in J1333+1649 aligns with the smaller-scale emission seen in archival images, suggesting a jet propagating from nuclear to galaxy-wide scales. In all three quasars, we found that the brightest radio emission and ionized gas have comparable spatial scales. Furthermore, the position angles of the radio emission and ionized gas present small offsets for the two targets with extended structures. Given that the kinematics of the ionized gas in all three quasars is dominated by outflows, our results suggest a strong connection between radio emission and ionized outflows in typical AGN at cosmic noon. Based on energetic considerations and comparisons with archival data, radio jets could be a significant mechanism for driving outflows in AGN from cosmic noon to low redshifts. However, with the exception of one object (J1333+1649), we cannot rule out the possibility that the radio emission arises from shocks in the interstellar medium caused by disk winds or radiatively driven outflows.
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14.846295
7.194506
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014152I
[ "radio emission", "radio data", "radio jets", "extended radio structure", "ionized outflows", "ionized gas", "ionized gas present small offsets", "VLA data", "archival data", "outflows" ]
[ "Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
0
null
[ "Ilha, Gabriele S.", "Harrison, C. M.", "Mainieri, V.", "Njeri, Ann", "Bertola, E.", "Bischetti, M.", "Circosta, C.", "Cicone, C.", "Cresci, G.", "Fawcett, V. A.", "Georgakakis, A.", "Kakkad, D.", "Lamperti, I.", "Marconi, A.", "Perna, M.", "Puglisi, A.", "Rosario, D.", "Tozzi, G.", "Vignali, C.", "Zamorani, G." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278562
2510.14164
Breaking gyrochronology through the collapse of coronal winds
Gyrochronology, a method for dating aged field stars ($\gtrsim$ a few Gyr) based on their rotation rate, has recently been shown to fail for many stars older than the sun. The explanation most often put forth is that a shutdown or mode change in the stellar dynamo leads to a sharp decrease in angular momentum loss in magnetized coronal winds. In this paper, we explore an alternate possibility, namely a collapse of the wind itself through a reduction of coronal heating. We show that in the low coronal temperature ($T_0$) limit, even at solar-like low rotation rates ($Ω$) and coronal magnetic field strength ($B_{r0}$), magnetocentrifugal effects are important and preclude expression of the mass and angular momentum loss rates as power-laws of $T_0$ or $Ω$ when $T_0$ drops below $\simeq 1.5\,$MK. Mass loss is found to scale linearly with power input into the wind at all coronal temperatures. Introducing an ad hoc power law relationship $T_0\propto B_{r0}^σ$ while retaining the ``standard'' dynamo relationship $B_{r0}\proptoΩ$, we show that reproducing the observed break in gyrochronology requires an exponent $σ\gtrsim 1.5$, with which is associated a drop by over 3 orders of magnitude in power input into the quiet corona. This appears physically unrealistic, given current observations of chromospheric and coronal non-thermal emission in aged solar-type stars.
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8.504679
12.189268
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014164L
[ "magnetized coronal winds", "coronal magnetic field strength", "power input", "aged field stars", "angular momentum loss", "coronal heating", "Mass loss", "many stars", "chromospheric and coronal non-thermal emission", "mode change" ]
[ "Solar and Stellar Astrophysics", "Computational Physics" ]
0
null
[ "Lévesque, Michaël", "Charbonneau, Paul" ]
[ "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278565
2510.14173
Radiation pressure and equation of state are important in the envelope unbinding process in common envelope evolution
In common envelope evolution, the ultimate unbinding of the envelope during the plunge-in phase involves complex and poorly understood physical processes that may give rise to luminous red novae. In this work, we investigate the roles of radiation and gas pressures in envelope unbinding. We perform a parameter space survey using a self-consistent one-dimensional radiation hydrodynamic model that is solved by {\tt Guangqi} to study the impact of key parameters on the mass unbound fraction and resulting light curves. The parameters include the radiation to gas energy ratio $\E/\eg\in[0.2,3.2]$, speed of the ejecta, ranging from 70\% to 85\% of the escape velocity, and EoS. For comparison, we also perform simulations with pure hydrodynamic or no radiation pressure conditions. Our simulations demonstrate that the radiation pressure is crucial for the envelope unbinding. Specifically, the radiation pressure may dominate in a high opacity and high luminosity layer just below the recombination front, where it can accelerate the sub-escape material to escape velocities. A realistic EoS further enhances the pressure gradient, especially during the early phase of ejection at small radii, promoting additional envelope ejection. Both $\E/\eg$ and EoS significantly alter light curve shapes, provide observable diagnostics for these processes. We show that the relative energy error of all the simulations is no more than 1.4\%, and all the simulations are close to convergence.
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6.125471
9.811088
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014173C
[ "envelope unbinding", "additional envelope ejection", "light curve shapes", "common envelope evolution", "high luminosity layer", "simulations", "key parameters", "radiation and gas pressures", "physical processes", "no radiation pressure conditions" ]
[ "Solar and Stellar Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Chen, Zhuo" ]
[ "-" ]
[]
[]
37278568
2510.14178
Polarisation Performance of Offset Phase Antennas: A Study for FARSIDE
Several radio telescopes have been planned or proposed to be deployed on the Lunar farside in the coming years. These will observe the unexplored ultra-long wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum from the lunar farside's unique radio-quiet and ionosphere-free environment. One such lunar radio array is the NASA-funded concept - the Farside Array for Radio Science Investigations of the Dark Ages and Exoplanets (FARSIDE). FARSIDE will operate over 100~kHz to 40~MHz with 128 spatially non-co-located orthogonal pairs of antenna nodes distributed over a 12 X 12 km area in a four-arm spiral configuration. Being on the lunar farside, this radio interferometer will be deployed by tele-operated rovers. The rover deployment mode could lead to a phase offset between each of the two orthogonally polarised antenna elements in the array, which are typically co-located. In this paper, we quantify the effects of such antenna phase offsets on the polarisation response and imaging performance of the lunar radio array. Modelling and analysing the FARSIDE dipole beams with and without offset, we find the latter leads to additional leakages into Stokes U and V corresponding to Muller matrix terms of M2(0,1,2,3) and M3(0,1,2,3). Using a custom simulation pipeline to incorporate all four Stokes beams of spatially co-located and non-co-located dipoles, we produce visibilities and simulated images for the GLEAM (GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky MWA) sky model through the FARSIDE array. We find that for a pure Stokes I input sky, the output image maximum Stokes V/I flux ratio for the offset case has increased to 2.5% versus 0.05% for the co-located case. The additional Stokes V needs to be corrected since the detection of Electron Cyclotron Maser (ECM) emissions from exoplanets requires high-fidelity Stokes V measurements.
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10.413755
3.602909
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014178M
[ "co-located orthogonal pairs", "Stokes V", "such antenna phase offsets", "Stokes U", "Several radio telescopes", "antenna nodes", "spatially co-located and non-co-located dipoles", "Muller matrix terms", "One such lunar radio array", "the co-located case" ]
[ "Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Mahesh, Nivedita", "Bowman, Judd D", "Gehlot, Bharat", "Jacobs, Danny" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278570
2510.14182
Quasi-periodic oscillations in optical color evolutions to support sub-pc binary black hole systems in broad line active galactic nuclei
Optical quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) with periodicity around hundreds to thousands of days have been accepted as an efficient indicator for sub-pc binary black hole systems (BBHs) in broad line active galactic nuclei (BLAGN). However, considering intrinsic variability (red noises) of BLAGN, it is still an open question on physical origin of detected optical QPOs from AGN variability or truly from sub-pc BBHs. Here, a simple method is proposed to support optical QPOs related to sub-pc BBHs by detecting QPOs in time dependent optical color evolutions of BLAGN. Periodic variations of obscurations are expected on optical light curves related to sub-pc BBHs, but there should be non-periodic variable obscurations on optical light curves in normal BLAGN. Through simulated optical light curves for intrinsic AGN variability by Continuous AutoRegressive process with time durations around 2800days (similar as time durations of light curves in ZTF), the probability is definitely smaller than $3.3\times10^{-7}$ that QPOs can be detected in the corresponding optical color evolutions, but about $3.1\times10^{-2}$ that optical QPOs with periodicity smaller than 1400days (at least two cycles) can be detected in the simulated single-band light curves. Therefore, confidence level is definitely higher than 5$σ$ to support the QPOs in color evolutions not related to intrinsic AGN variability but truly related to sub-pc BBHs. In the near future, the proposed method can be applied for searching reliable optical QPOs in BLAGN through multi-band light curves from the ZTF and the upcoming LSST.
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17.088503
5.710896
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014182X
[ "optical light curves", "simulated optical light curves", "optical QPOs", "sub-pc BBHs", "detected optical QPOs", "Optical quasi-periodic oscillations", "multi-band light curves", "time dependent optical color evolutions", "reliable optical QPOs", "sub-pc binary black hole systems" ]
[ "Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
0
null
[ "XueGuang, Zhang" ]
[ "-" ]
[]
[]
37278583
2510.14183
Molecular gas content of gravitational-lensed quasars at cosmic noon
Star-forming activity in the host galaxies of high-redshift quasars is crucial to understanding the connection between supermassive black hole (SMBH) activity and galaxy evolution. While most existing studies are biased toward luminous quasars, we conduct carbon monoxide (CO) observations of 17 gravitationally lensed quasars that have four images using the IRAM 30m telescope to investigate the molecular gas content of moderate- to low-luminosity quasars. CO emissions are detected in five out of 17 quasars, corresponding to a detection rate of about 30\%. Analysis of their star formation activity reveals that these quasars live in gas-rich environments but exhibit weaker starbursts and lower star formation efficiencies compared to other luminous high-redshift quasars. In addition, the CO spectral line energy distributions of the two quasars (SDSS J0924+0219, SDSS J1330+1810) are also consistent with mild star formation instead of extreme starbursts. These results suggest that these lensed quasars reside in weaker starburst environments.
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14.12285
7.477033
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014183Z
[ "luminous quasars", "lower star formation efficiencies", "mild star formation", "other luminous high-redshift quasars", "high-redshift quasars", "weaker starburst environments", "CO emissions", "low-luminosity quasars", "supermassive black hole", "weaker starbursts" ]
[ "Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
0
null
[ "Zheng, Zhiyuan", "Shi, Yong", "Gu, Qiusheng", "Zhang, Zhi-Yu", "Wang, Junzhi", "Chen, Yanmei", "Bian, Fuyan" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278591
2510.14202
Hierarchical Simulation-Based Inference of Supernova Power Sources and their Physical Properties
Time domain surveys such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory are projected to annually discover millions of astronomical transients. This and complementary programs demand fast, automated methods to constrain the physical properties of the most interesting objects for spectroscopic follow up. Traditional approaches to likelihood-based inference are computationally expensive and ignore the multi-component energy sources powering astrophysical phenomena. In this work, we present a hierarchical simulation-based inference model for multi-band light curves that 1) identifies the energy sources powering an event of interest, 2) infers the physical properties of each subclass, and 3) separates physical anomalies in the learned embedding space. Our architecture consists of a transformer-based light curve summarizer coupled to a flow-matching regression module and a categorical classifier for the physical components. We train and test our model on $\sim$150k synthetic light curves generated with $\texttt{MOSFiT}$. Our network achieves a 90% classification accuracy at identifying energy sources, yields well-calibrated posteriors for all active components, and detects rare anomalies such as tidal disruption events (TDEs) through the learned latent space. This work demonstrates a scalable joint framework for population studies of known transients and the discovery of novel populations in the era of Rubin.
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10.835071
4.491716
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014202V
[ "multi-band light curves", "energy sources", "physical anomalies", "tidal disruption events", "rare anomalies", "population studies", "novel populations", "the multi-component energy sources", "known transients", "astronomical transients" ]
[ "Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics", "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
0
null
[ "Vidal, Edgar P.", "Gagliano, Alexander T.", "Cuesta-Lazaro, Carolina" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278625
2510.14219
Design and Performance of the SPT-SLIM Receiver Cryostat
The South Pole Telescope Shirokoff Line Intensity Mapper (SPT-SLIM) is a millimeter-wavelength line-intensity mapping experiment, which was deployed on the South Pole Telescope (SPT) during the 2024-2025 Austral summer season. This pathfinder experiment serves to demonstrate the on-sky operation of multi-pixel on-chip spectrometer technology. We report on the cryogenic performance of the SPT-SLIM receiver for the first year of commissioning observations. The SPT-SLIM receiver utilizes an Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator (ADR) for cooling the focal plane of superconducting filterbank spectrometers to a temperature of 150 mK. We demonstrate stable thermal performance of the focal plane module during observations consistent with thermal modeling, enabling a cryogenic operating efficiency above 80%. We also report on the receiver control system design utilizing the Observatory Control System (OCS) platform for automated cryogenic operation on the SPT.
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5.349015
-0.811479
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014219Y
[ "automated cryogenic operation", "SPT", "stable thermal performance", "thermal modeling", "filterbank spectrometers", "The South Pole Telescope Shirokoff Line Intensity Mapper", "commissioning observations", "observations", "summer season", "the South Pole Telescope" ]
[ "Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics", "Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Young, M. R.", "Adamic, M.", "Anderson, A. J.", "Barry, P. S.", "Benson, B. A.", "Benson, C. S.", "Brooks, E.", "Carlstrom, J. E.", "Cecil, T.", "Chang, C. L.", "Dibert, K. R.", "Dobbs, M.", "Fichman, K.", "Hollister, M.", "Karkare, K. S.", "Keating, G. K.", "Lapuente, A. M.", "Lisovenko, M.", "Marrone, D. P.", "Mitchell, D.", "Montgomery, J.", "Natoli, T.", "Pan, Z.", "Rahlin, A.", "Robson, G.", "Rouble, M.", "Smecher, G.", "Yefremenko, V.", "Yu, C.", "Zebrowski, J. A.", "Zhang, C." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278618
2510.14220
An On-Sky Atmospheric Calibration of SPT-SLIM
We present the methodology and results of the on-sky responsivity calibration of the South Pole Telescope Shirokoff Line Intensity Mapper (SPT-SLIM). SPT-SLIM is a pathfinder line intensity mapping experiment utilizing the on-chip spectrometer technology, and was first deployed during the 2024-2025 Austral Summer season on the South Pole Telescope. During the two-week on-sky operation of SPT-SLIM, we performed periodic measurements of the detector response as a function of the telescope elevation angle. Combining these data with atmospheric opacity measurements from an on-site atmospheric tipping radiometer, simulated South Pole atmospheric spectra, and measured detector spectral responses, we construct estimates for the responsivity of SPT-SLIM detectors to sky loading. We then use this model to calibrate observations of the moon taken by SPT-SLIM, cross-checking the result against the known brightness temperature of the Moon as a function of its phase.
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10.55217
3.001391
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014220D
[ "simulated South Pole atmospheric spectra", "South Pole", "measured detector spectral responses", "SPT", "atmospheric opacity measurements", "SLIM", "periodic measurements", "the South Pole Telescope Shirokoff Line Intensity Mapper", "sky loading", "Austral Summer season" ]
[ "Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics", "Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Dibert, K. R.", "Adamic, M.", "Anderson, A. J.", "Barry, P. S.", "Benson, B. A.", "Benson, C. S.", "Brooks, E.", "Carlstrom, J. E.", "Cecil, T.", "Chang, C. L.", "Dobbs, M.", "Fichman, K.", "Karkare, K. S.", "Keating, G. K.", "Lapuente, A. M.", "Lisovenko, M.", "Marrone, D. P.", "Montgomery, J.", "Natoli, T.", "Pan, Z.", "Rahlin, A.", "Robson, G.", "Rouble, M.", "Smecher, G.", "Yefremenko, V.", "Young, M. R.", "Yu, C.", "Zebrowski, J. A.", "Zhang, C." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278630
2510.14229
Demonstrating Exoplanet Transit Photometry from Space with a 15-mm Aperture Optical Navigation Camera on Hayabusa2
Observations of exoplanet transits by small satellites have gained increasing attention for reducing detection biases. However, no unambiguous detection of an exoplanet has yet been demonstrated using optics with apertures smaller than 60 mm. Here, we investigated the detectability of exoplanet transits using the telescopic Optical Navigation Camera (ONC-T) onboard the Hayabusa2 spacecraft, which has an effective aperture of only 15 mm. We conducted transit observations of the hot Jupiters WASP-189 b and MASCARA-1 b, collecting data for ten and four events, respectively. The transit signal was detected with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 13 for WASP-189 b and 8 for MASCARA-1 b for each event. Stacking all events improved the SNR to 40 and 16, respectively. The transit mid-times of each event were measured with a precision of 6 minutes and were consistent with Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) data to within 2 minutes. The planet-to-star radius ratio was determined with an absolute precision of 0.004 (6% relative) and agreed with TESS results to within 0.002 (3% relative). The recent ONC-T and TESS data enabled an update to the planetary ephemerides. We report a 4 sigma discrepancy between the updated orbital period of MASCARA-1 b and previously reported values. ONC-T sets a new record for the smallest-aperture instrument to detect an exoplanet transit from space, advancing the frontier of exoplanet science with miniature instrumentation. Our results suggest that optics as small as ONC-T may be capable of detecting transiting long-period Jupiters: a population that remains underrepresented in current surveys.
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6.546995
14.478669
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014229Y
[ "exoplanet transits", "MASCARA-1 b", "transit observations", "small satellites", "Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite", "TESS results", "WASP-189 b", "data", "exoplanet science", "increasing attention" ]
[ "Earth and Planetary Astrophysics", "Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Yumoto, Koki", "Kouyama, Toru", "Yamada, Manabu", "Mimasu, Yuya", "Morota, Tomokatsu", "Cho, Yuichiro", "Yokota, Yasuhiro", "Hayakawa, Masahiko", "Arfaux, Anthony", "Tatsumi, Eri", "Matsuoka, Moe", "Sakatani, Naoya", "Shimomura, Sumito", "Kameda, Shingo", "Tanaka, Satoshi", "Enya, Keigo", "Sugita, Seiji" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278640
2510.14239
Estimation of gravitational wave from solar emerging magnetic flux tube
This study investigates the gravitational waves (GWs) generated by the emergence of magnetic flux tubes in the solar convection zone. We focus on the upward buoyancy of magnetic flux tubes, which leads to significant magnetic activity and the formation of active region sunspots. This study adopts parameters representative of a moderate-sized solar active region to estimate the GWs generated by the emergence of magnetic flux tubes. Our results indicate that the GW strain amplitude, achievable through signal superposition and detection at close proximity (e.g., approximately one solar radius from the solar surface), may reach $\sim$10$^{-29}$. The characteristic GW frequency is estimated at $\sim$10$^{-5}$ Hz, placing it at the high-frequency end of the sensitivity band of Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) methods. However, the estimated strain amplitudes remain orders of magnitude below the sensitivity thresholds of current and foreseeable gravitational wave detectors. Notably, reducing the cadence $Δt$ of Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) observations to approximately 2 hours ($Δt = 2\text{hours}$) would raise the maximum detectable frequency to about $5.8 \times 10^{-5} \text{Hz}$, thereby encompassing the dominant spectral component of solar activity-related GWs predicted in this study, offering a potential pathway for future detection. Successful detection in the future may help to predict the super solar active region emergence in space weather forecasting.
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7.337147
2.583308
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014239G
[ "magnetic flux tubes", "Pulsar Timing Array", "significant magnetic activity", "active region sunspots", "the super solar active region emergence", "future detection", "Successful detection", "solar activity-related GWs", "detection", "signal superposition" ]
[ "Solar and Stellar Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Guan, Siqi", "Yang, Shangbin", "Guo, Xiao" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278684
2510.14291
Glitch noise classification in KAGRA O3GK observing data using unsupervised machine learning
Gravitational wave interferometers are disrupted by various types of nonstationary noise, referred to as glitch noise, that affect data analysis and interferometer sensitivity. The accurate identification and classification of glitch noise are essential for improving the reliability of gravitational wave observations. In this study, we demonstrated the effectiveness of unsupervised machine learning for classifying images with nonstationary noise in the KAGRA O3GK data. Using a variational autoencoder (VAE) combined with spectral clustering, we identified eight distinct glitch noise categories. The latent variables obtained from VAE were dimensionally compressed, visualized in three-dimensional space, and classified using spectral clustering to better understand the glitch noise characteristics of KAGRA during the O3GK period. Our results highlight the potential of unsupervised learning for efficient glitch noise classification, which may in turn potentially facilitate interferometer upgrades and the development of future third-generation gravitational wave observatories.
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7.548667
1.97011
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014291O
[ "glitch noise", "efficient glitch noise classification", "nonstationary noise", "Gravitational wave interferometers", "gravitational wave observations", "spectral clustering", "unsupervised learning", "interferometer upgrades", "eight distinct glitch noise categories", "data analysis" ]
[ "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology", "Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Oshino, Shoichi", "Sakai, Yusuke", "Meyer-Conde, Marco", "Uchiyama, Takashi", "Itoh, Yousuke", "Shikano, Yutaka", "Terada, Yoshikazu", "Takahashi, Hirotaka" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278686
2510.14294
Water Snowline in Young Stellar Objects with Various Density Structures Using Radiative Transfer Models
Tracing the water snowline in low-mass young stellar objects (YSOs) is important because dust grain growth is promoted and the chemical composition varies at the water snowline, which influences planet formation and its properties. In protostellar envelopes, the water snowline can be estimated as a function of luminosity using a relation derived from radiative transfer models, and these predictions are consistent with observations. However, accurately estimating the water snowline in protoplanetary disks requires new relations that account for the disk structure. We present the relations between luminosity and water snowline using the dust continuum radiative transfer models with various density structures. We adopt two-dimensional density structures for an envelope-only model (Model E), an envelope+disk+cavity model (Model E+D), and a protoplanetary disk model (Model PPD). The relations between the water snowline, where T_dust = 100 K, and the total luminosity, ranging 0.1-1,000 solar luminosity, are well fitted by a power-law relation, R_snow=a * (L/L_solar)^p au. The factor a decreases with increasing disk density, while the power index p has values around 0.5 in all models. As the disk becomes denser, the water snowline forms at smaller radii even at the same luminosity, since dense dust hinders photon propagation. We also explore the effect of viscous heating on the water snowline. In Model PPD with viscous heating, the water snowline shifts outward by a few au up to 15 au, increasing the factor a and decreasing the power index p. In Model E+D with lower disk mass, the effect of viscous heating is negligible, indicating that the disk mass controls the effect. The discrepancy between our models and direct observations provides insights into the recent outburst event and the presence of a disk structure in low-mass YSOs.
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10.13641
13.093343
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014294K
[ "lower disk mass", "increasing disk density", "radiative transfer models", "protoplanetary disks", "continuum radiative transfer models", "various density structures", "luminosity and water snowline", "viscous heating", "dust grain growth", "new relations" ]
[ "Solar and Stellar Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Kim, Young-Jun", "Lee, Jeong-Eun", "Baek, Giseon", "Lee, Seokho" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278753
2510.14355
Combining spectral analysis and narrow band pass filtering to predict solar cycle parameters in the next solar grand minimum
We introduce a new method for predicting sunspot number (SSN) that, based on successful back projections, can predict features of the SSN several solar cycles in advance. The method applies Fourier analysis to the annual SILSO SSN record, from 1700.5 to 2023.5, to identify in the spectrum, four strong components in the decadal, 10 to 11 year period, range and four weaker components in the octal, 8 to 9 year period, range. The time variation of each component is isolated by a new method of narrow band pass filtering. The components are fitted with sinusoids at the beginning/end of the SSN record for back/forward projection. Back projection successfully replicated the long term features of the Maunder Minimum. Forward projection predicts a Maunder-like grand minimum from 2030 to 2110, encompassing solar cycles 26 to 35. Details of short term features of SSN within the grand minimum are less certain. The octal contribution to SSN is shown to occasionally exceed the decadal contribution both in the projection and also within the observational record. Predicted SSN amplitudes for cycles 26 and 28 are about 50, about half the amplitude of cycles 24 and 25. The amplitude of cycle 27 is difficult to forecast as it may emerge as a double peak of cycle 26 rather than as two separate cycles 26 and 27. Amplitudes forecast for cycles 29 to 33 are, on average, about half the amplitude of cycles 26 and 27 with the lowest cycle of the grand minimum, cycle 30, occurring around 2070. Macro changes in SSN such as the occurrence of grand solar minima and maxima and micro changes such as the Waldmeier Effect are explained in terms of interference between the octal and decadal components evident in the SSN spectrum. The explanation differs from current theories that suggest SSN variability is due to stochastic forcing of a single solar dynamo process.
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11.35351
15.732552
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014355E
[ "SSN amplitudes", "SSN variability", "SSN", "solar cycles", "short term features", "cycle", "cycles", "the SSN several solar cycles", "successful back projections", "Back projection" ]
[ "Solar and Stellar Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Edmonds, Ian", "Killen, Peter" ]
[ "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278761
2510.14363
Is GW231123 a hierarchical merger?
The binary black hole merger GW231123 is both the most massive gravitational-wave event observed and has the highest component spins measured to date. The dimensionless spins of the more massive (primary) and less massive (secondary) black holes are measured to be $χ_1 = 0.90^{+0.10}_{-0.19}$ and $χ_2 = 0.80^{+0.20}_{-0.51}$ ($90\%$ credible intervals), respectively. Its large mass and extremal spins are challenging to explain through standard binary stellar physics, though a flurry of hypothetical scenarios have been proposed. Hierarchical assembly -- i.e., mergers of black holes that are themselves formed from previous generations of mergers -- is generally a promising way to explain massive and rapidly spinning black holes. Here, we investigate the possibility that both GW231123 was assembled hierarchically in a dense star cluster as the merger of two second-generation black holes. Taking the inferred spin values at face value, we find that it is possible, though unlikely ($p\lesssim 1\%$), that a compact binary with both component spins like GW231123 could form in a cluster from hierarchical assembly.
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7.668973
2.955131
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014363P
[ "black holes", "The binary black hole merger GW231123", "standard binary stellar physics", "mergers", "GW231123", "face value", "previous generations", "Hierarchical assembly", "hierarchical assembly", "hypothetical scenarios" ]
[ "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
0
null
[ "Passenger, Lachlan", "Banagiri, Sharan", "Thrane, Eric", "Lasky, Paul D.", "Borchers, Angela", "Fishbach, Maya", "Ye, Claire S." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278782
2510.14390
Evidence for the dynamical dark energy with evolving Hubble constant
Hubble constant tension, together with the recent indications of dynamical dark energy proposed from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements, poses significant challenges to the standard cosmological model. In this work, we perform a model-independent reconstruction of the dark-energy equation of state $w(z)$, jointly with an evolving Hubble constant $H_0(z)$. Using the DESI DR2 data combined with multiple type Ia supernova samples, we find that $w(z)$ varies with redshift and exhibits two potential phantom crossings at $z\sim0.5$ and $z\sim1.5$. Meanwhile, $H_0$ decreases continually from local to high redshift, alleviating the Hubble constant tension effectively. The joint $w(z)$-$H_0(z)$ model is strongly favored over the $w$CDM ($Λ$CDM) framework, with a logarithmic Bayes factor $\ln \boldsymbol{\mathcal B}= 5.04~(8.53)$. Across various prior assumptions and dataset combinations, we obtain consistent, data-driven reconstructions of both $w(z)$ and $H_0(z)$. Future BAO measurements from Euclid and next-generation CMB experiments will provide critical tests of these results and bring deeper insights into the nature of dark energy and the evolution of cosmic expansion.
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11.51364
1.092998
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014390W
[ "dark energy", "dynamical dark energy", "Future BAO measurements", "Hubble constant tension", "multiple type Ia supernova samples", "high redshift", "dataset combinations", "various prior assumptions", "significant challenges", "critical tests" ]
[ "Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics", "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology" ]
0
null
[ "Wang, Yi-Ying", "Li, Yin-Jie", "Fan, Yi-Zhong" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278795
2510.14402
Recursive Target Body Approach for Low-Thrust Multiple Gravity-Assist Sequence Optimization
This work aims to automate the design of Multiple Gravity-Assist (MGA) transfers between planets using low-thrust propulsion. In particular, during the preliminary design phase of space missions, the combinatorial complexity of MGA sequencing is very large, and current optimization approaches require extensive experience and can take many days to simulate. Therefore, a novel optimization approach is developed here -- called the Recursive Target Body Approach (RTBA) -- that uses the hodographic-shaping low-thrust trajectory representation together with a unique combination of tree-search methods to automate the optimization of MGA sequences. The approach gradually constructs the optimal MGA sequence by recursively evaluating the optimality of subsequent gravity-assist targets. Another significant contribution to the novelty of this work is the use of parallelization in an original way involving the Generalized Island Model (GIM) that enables the use of new figures of merit to further increase the robustness and accelerate the convergence. An Earth-Jupiter transfer with a maximum of three gravity assists is considered as a reference problem. The RTBA takes 21.5 hours to find an EMJ transfer with 15.4 km/s $ΔV$ to be the optimum. Extensive tuning improved the quality of the MGA trajectories substantially, and as a result a robust low-thrust trajectory optimization could be ensured. A distinct group of highly fit MGA sequences is consistently found that can be passed on to a higher-fidelity method. In conclusion, the RTBA can automatically and reliably be used for the preliminary optimization of low-thrust MGA trajectories.
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8.015767
15.719918
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014402C
[ "MGA sequences", "MGA", "current optimization approaches", "low-thrust MGA trajectories", "extensive experience", "highly fit MGA sequences", "the optimal MGA sequence", "new figures", "Extensive tuning", "the MGA trajectories" ]
[ "Optimization and Control", "Earth and Planetary Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Cowan, Sean", "Noomen, Ron" ]
[ "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278820
2510.14416
A unified model of dark energy and inflation from the Markov-Mukhanov action
We propose a unified model of dark energy and inflation through the Markov-Mukhanov modification of the Einstein-Hilbert action, where the matter sector is coupled to gravity via a scalar coupling function depending only on the energy density of the matter content. We assume that the coupling function encodes the UV corrections to the standard model of cosmology and we determine the form of the coupling that allows for the dark energy component to be dynamical and act as the inflaton field in the early universe. Interestingly we show that our model, in order to account for inflation, prefers a dark energy equation of state with $w$ close but not equal to $-1$ in agreement with the latest DESI data.
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10.926149
0.32457
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014416C
[ "dark energy", "the dark energy component", "a dark energy equation", "inflation", "a scalar coupling function", "agreement", "the energy density", "state", "cosmology", "Markov" ]
[ "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology", "Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Chakrabarty, Hrishikesh", "Malafarina, Daniele" ]
[ "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278845
2510.14441
Accounting for the absence of anomalous microwave emission in the M 31 halo
The discovery of a temperature asymmetry in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) data towards various galaxies has opened a window for a deeper comprehension of galactic halos. A crucial step forward is that of estimating the fraction of missing baryons in the halos, but it relies on understanding the real cause of the observed CMB temperature asymmetry since many effects might give a non-negligible contribution. Here, we analyzed the contribution played by the anomalous microwave emission (AME) from halo dust grains in the halo of the M 31 galaxy. Assuming either amorphous carbon and silicates dust grains with size ranging from $0.01~μ$m to about $0.3~μ$m and mass in the range $10^{-14} - 10^{-13}$ g, we estimated the total mass, distribution, and diffuse emission in the $100\,μ$m band of the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS). Then, we estimated the temperature asymmetry induced by the rotation of the M 31 halo and compared the obtained values with the \textit{Planck}'s SMICA-processed data. We find that the AME cannot account for the measured CMB temperature asymmetry, with its contribution constrained to $\lesssim 7\%$, thereby indicating that additional physical mechanisms must be responsible for the observed signal.
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13.510443
2.521087
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014441D
[ "halo dust grains", "galactic halos", "dust grains", "the observed CMB temperature asymmetry", "CMB", "additional physical mechanisms", "the measured CMB temperature asymmetry", "various galaxies", "emission", "missing baryons" ]
[ "Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
0
null
[ "De Paolis, Francesco", "Naseem, Faryal", "Tahir, Noraiz" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278867
2510.14464
Built-in precision: Improving cluster cosmology through the self-calibration of a galaxy cluster sample
We examine the potential improvements in constraints on the dark energy equation of state parameter $w$ and matter density $Ω_M$ from using clustering information along with number counts for future samples of thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich selected galaxy clusters. We quantify the relative improvement from including the clustering power spectrum information for three cluster sample sizes from 33,000 to 140,000 clusters and for three assumed priors on the mass slope and redshift evolution of the mass-observable relation. As expected, clustering information has the largest impact when (i) there are more clusters and (ii) the mass-observable priors are weaker. For current knowledge of the cluster mass-observable relationship, we find the addition of clustering information reduces the uncertainty on the dark energy equation of state, $σ(w)$, by factors of $1.023\pm 0.007$ to $1.0790\pm 0.011$, with larger improvements observed with more clusters. Clustering information is more important for the matter density, with $σ(Ω_M)$ reduced by factors of $1.068 \pm 007$ to $1.145 \pm 0.012$. The improvement in $w$ constraints from adding clustering information largely vanishes after tightening priors on the mass-observable relationship by a factor of two. For weaker priors, we find clustering information improves the determination of the cluster mass slope and redshift evolution by factors of $1.389 \pm 0.041$ and $1.340 \pm 0.039$ respectively. These findings highlight that, with the anticipated surge in cluster detections from next generation surveys, self-calibration through clustering information will provide an independent cross-check on the mass slope and redshift evolution of the mass-observable relationship as well as enhancing the precision achievable from cluster cosmology.
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12.561272
3.133204
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014464Z
[ "Clustering information", "clustering information", "more clusters", "cluster detections", "spectrum information", "cluster cosmology", "larger improvements", "thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich selected galaxy clusters", "next generation surveys", "factors" ]
[ "Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Zhan, Junhao", "Reichardt, Christian L." ]
[ "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278859
2510.14468
The Stochastic Schwinger Effect
We formulate a stochastic generalisation of the Schwinger effect, extending pair production to statistically fluctuating gauge-field backgrounds. Our approach captures realistic field configurations that are transient, inhomogeneous, and stochastic, as commonly encountered in cosmological and high-energy astrophysical settings. Using the effective action formalism, we compute the vacuum decay rate and number density of charged particles, obtaining closed-form analytical expressions for both scalar and fermionic cases. To isolate the essential physics, the analysis is performed in flat spacetime and at zero temperature, providing a controlled setting in which curvature and thermal effects can be neglected. As a proof of concept, we present representative phenomenological examples relevant to astrophysical plasmas and early-Universe-motivated scenarios.
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10.357446
-0.824116
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014468G
[ "realistic field configurations", "representative phenomenological examples", "astrophysical plasmas", "flat spacetime", "pair production", "charged particles", "number density", "closed-form analytical expressions", "Schwinger", "curvature and thermal effects" ]
[ "High Energy Physics - Theory", "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology", "High Energy Physics - Phenomenology" ]
0
null
[ "García-Consuegra, Lucas Vicente", "Maleknejad, Azadeh" ]
[ "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278860
2510.14469
ALP couplings to muons and electrons: a comprehensive analysis of supernova bounds
We provide a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenology of axion-like particles (ALPs) produced in core-collapse supernovae (ccSNe) through interactions with electrons and muons, both of which have a non-negligible abundance in the SN plasma. We identify and calculate six significant ALP-production channels, two of which are loop-level processes involving photons. We then examine several observational constraints on the ALP-electron and ALP-muon parameter spaces. Those include the bounds on anomalous cooling, energy deposition, decay into photons, diffuse gamma rays, and the 511 keV line. Our results provide updated and robust constraints on ALP couplings to electrons and muons from an improved treatment of production and absorption processes. Furthermore, we quantify the uncertainties of the results by using three state-of-the-art supernova models based on two independent simulation codes, finding that constraints vary by factors of O(2-10).
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9.393406
-2.58527
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014469F
[ "ALP couplings", "several observational constraints", "ALP", "constraints", "muons", "energy deposition", "anomalous cooling", "gamma rays", "electrons", "photons" ]
[ "High Energy Physics - Phenomenology", "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
0
null
[ "Ferreira, Ricardo Z.", "Marsh, M. C. David", "Ravensburg, Eike" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278886
2510.14484
High-Precision Photometry with a scientific CMOS Camera: I Lab Testing of the Marana camera
Scientific CMOS cameras are becoming increasingly prevalent in modern observational astronomy. We assess the ability of CMOS image sensors technology to perform high-precision photometry with a detailed laboratory characterization of the Marana 4.2BV-11 CMOS camera. We characterise the camera in the Fastest Frame Rate (FFR) and High Dynamic Range (HDR) modes. Our evaluation includes read noise, dark current, photo response and dark signal non-uniformities, quantum efficiency and window transmittance. The read noise is found to be 1.577\,e$^-$ for the FFR mode. For the HDR mode the read noise floor is measured to be 1.571\,e$^-$ for signal levels below approximately 1800\,e$^-$. The bias level shows dark signal non-uniformities with values of 0.318\,e$^-$ and 0.232\,e$^-$ for FFR and HDR mode, respectively. Pixel well capacity reached 2366 e$^-$pix$^{-1}$ for the FFR mode and 69026 e$^-$pix$^{-1}$ with a dynamic range of 93\,dB for the HDR mode. The camera demonstrates good linearity, yielding linearity errors of 0.099\,\% for FFR mode and 0.122\,\% for HDR mode. The uniformity across the image arrays show a photo response non-uniformity of 0.294\,\% for the FFR mode and 0.131\,\% for the HDR mode. The dark current displays a noticeable glow pattern, resulting in mean dark current levels of $1.674\pm0.011$\, \eps\, for the FFR mode and $1.617\pm0.008$\,\eps\, for the HDR mode at a constant temperature of -25\,$^\circ$C. We measured the quantum efficiency across the visible spectrum, with a peak of of >95\,\% at 560\,nm. Our tests indicate that the Marana CMOS camera is potentially capable of performing precise photometry.
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10.254052
3.510865
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014484A
[ "FFR mode", "HDR mode", "FFR", "Scientific CMOS cameras", "dark current levels", "dark signal", "FFR and HDR mode", "CMOS image sensors technology", "signal levels", "HDR" ]
[ "Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Apergis, Ioannis", "Bayliss, Daniel", "Asimakoulas, Leonidas", "Chote, Paul", "McCormac, James", "Mitchell, Morgan A.", "Gill, Sam", "Steen, Philip G.", "Wheatley, Peter" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278895
2510.14506
SETI Post-Detection Protocols: Progress Towards a New Version
The International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) SETI Committee has long provided guiding principles for responding to a potential detection of a SETI signal. The foundational Declaration of Principles Concerning Activities Following the Detection of Extraterrestrial Intelligence, first formulated in 1989, has been widely recognised by the international scientific community. A supplemental set of draft protocols addressing the possibility of a reply to an extraterrestrial signal was prepared in 1995 by the IAA SETI Permanent Committee, with both documents presented in a position paper to the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space in 2000. In keeping with the evolving landscape of SETI research, the IAA Declaration of Principles was streamlined and updated in 2010. Recognising the need for continued adaptation, the IAA SETI Committee established a Task Group in 2022 to re-examine the protocols in light of recent advances in search methodologies, the expansion of international participation in SETI, and the increasing complexity of the global information environment. The Group recognises the living document nature of the protocols, which will require ongoing refinement to remain relevant and effective in a rapidly changing world. A draft revised Declaration of Principles was presented at the IAC 2024 in Milan, and initial feedback was received from the community, particularly members of the IAA SETI Committee. Since then, we have continued to seek broader community input in a structured process, refining the proposed updates based on further discussions and consultations. A Revised Declaration of Principles, is presented here.
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12.885615
12.88289
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014506G
[ "SETI Committee", "SETI research", "SETI", "draft protocols", "IAA", "the IAA SETI Permanent Committee", "broader community input", "the IAA SETI Committee", "Principles", "international participation" ]
[ "Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics", "Popular Physics" ]
0
null
[ "Garrett, Michael A.", "Denning, Kathryn", "Tennen, Leslie I.", "Oliver, Carol" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278912
2510.14519
New Level Resolved Ground and Excited State Pb III, IV, V & VI Photoionization Cross Sections for Heavy Metal Subdwarf Modeling
High abundances of various lead (Pb) species have been identified in the spectra of many Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars and O- and B-type subdwarfs (sdO/B). Additional atomic data relating to Pb, and in particular photoionization cross sections, are needed to allow a greater understanding of the origin of these observed Pb abundances, and hence discern the evolutionary pathway of these stars. We have calculated level-resolved photoionization cross sections for Pb III, IV, V and VI. Four new target structures have been developed with the General Relativistic Atomic Structure Package (GRASP0), whose corresponding energy levels, Einstein A-coefficients and oscillator strengths have been found to be in good agreement with previous experimental and theoretical sources. The photoionization cross sections calculated using the Dirac Atomic R-matrix Codes (DARC) are available in TOPBASE format, and follow the trends expected for an isonuclear series. These new Pb data sets will now allow for the modelling of Pb abundances and line opacities under Non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (non-LTE) conditions. Using the helium-rich hot subdwarf EC 22536-5304 as a test case, we show that there are noticeable differences in the Pb line profiles across the ultraviolet and optical wavelength regions under LTE and non-LTE conditions. There is both depletion and enrichment of individual Pb species. This highlights the importance of applying non-LTE conditions when modelling EC 22536-5304, as well as other O/B-type stars.
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8.201055
9.316196
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014519D
[ "Pb abundances", "individual Pb species", "Pb III", "Pb", "non-LTE conditions", "particular photoionization cross sections", "Non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium", "High abundances", "line opacities", "Asymptotic Giant Branch" ]
[ "Solar and Stellar Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Dougan, David J.", "Dorsch, Matti", "Scott, Laura J. A.", "McElroy, Niall E.", "Ramsbottom, Catherine A.", "Ballance, Connor P." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278926
2510.14521
Influence of kinetic effects in large-scale magnetic reconnection with multi-hierarchy simulation code KAMMUY
Magnetic reconnection is a multiscale phenomenon where fluid- and particle-scale processes interact. The particle-in-cell (PIC) method, capable of resolving kinetic (particle-scale) physics, is extensively used to study the kinetic effects in magnetic reconnection. Meanwhile, because of the high computational cost, PIC simulations cannot capture the interaction between kinetic and fluid dynamics, which poses a major obstacle to understanding magnetic reconnection in large-scale phenomena such as solar flares. A multi-hierarchy simulation that combines Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and PIC provides a promising means to overcome these spatial and temporal scale gaps. We developed a multi-hierarchy simulation code KAMMUY (Kinetic And Magnetohydrodynamic MUlti-hierarchY simulation code), in which an ideal MHD simulation for a large domain and a PIC simulation for a smaller domain are solved in parallel with mutual information exchange. To validate the code, we conducted test simulations of MHD wave propagation and the shock tube problem. The results demonstrate that short-wavelength, high-frequency waves generated in the PIC region do not propagate into the MHD region, whereas MHD-scale structures propagate smoothly into the PIC region, highlighting the capability of our code for numerical studies of magnetic reconnection. By applying the KAMMUY code to magnetic reconnection while varying the PIC domain size, we find that the reconnection rate remains unchanged, regardless of the extent of the PIC region where the Hall magnetic field is present. It suggests that the spatial extension of the Hall magnetic field on the scale of $10 \sim 100 λ_i$ does not influence the reconnection rate.
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13.314764
14.632679
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014521A
[ "PIC simulations", "Magnetic reconnection", "magnetic reconnection", "PIC", "test simulations", "MHD wave propagation", "MHD", "Kinetic And Magnetohydrodynamic MUlti-hierarchY simulation code", "a multi-hierarchy simulation code KAMMUY", "a PIC simulation" ]
[ "Solar and Stellar Astrophysics", "Earth and Planetary Astrophysics", "Plasma Physics" ]
0
null
[ "Akutagawa, Keita", "Imada, Shinsuke", "Shoda, Munehito" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278927
2510.14529
The variability of active galaxies: I. Broad-band noise X-ray power spectra from XMM-Newton and Swift
Accreting supermassive black holes at the centres of galaxies are the engine of active galactic nuclei (AGN). X-ray light curves of unabsorbed AGN show dramatic random variability on timescales ranging from seconds to years. The power spectrum of the fluctuations is usually well-modelled with a power law that decays as $1/f$ at low frequencies, and which bends to $1/f^{2-3}$ at high frequencies. The timescale associated with the bend correlates well with the mass of the black hole and may also correlate with bolometric luminosity in the `X-ray variability plane'. Because AGN light curves are usually irregularly sampled, the estimation of AGN power spectra is challenging. In a previous paper, we introduced a new method to estimate the parameters of bending power law power spectra from AGN light curves. We apply this method to a sample of 56 variable and unabsorbed AGN, observed with XMM-Newton and Swift in the $0.3-1.5$ keV band over the past two decades. We obtain estimates of the bends in 50 sources, which is the largest sample of X-ray bends in the soft band. We also find that the high-frequency power spectrum is often steeper than 2. We update the X-ray variability plane with new bend timescale measurements spanning from 7 min to 62 days. We report the detections of low-frequency bends in the power spectra of five AGN, three of which are previously unpublished: 1H 1934-063, Mkn 766 and Mkn 279.
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16.061357
7.289711
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014529L
[ "power law power", "X-ray bends", "AGN power", "AGN power spectra", "X-ray light curves", "AGN light curves", "unabsorbed AGN", "AGN", "new bend timescale measurements", "supermassive black holes" ]
[ "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
0
null
[ "Lefkir, Mehdy", "Vaughan, Simon", "Goad, Mike", "Huppenkothen, Daniela", "Uttley, Phil" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278944
2510.14544
Revisiting electron-capture decay for Galactic cosmic-ray data
Electron-capture (EC) unstable species in Galactic cosmic rays constrain the time elapsed between nucleosynthesis and acceleration. They have also been advocated as tracers of reacceleration or gas inhomogeneities during their transport. The number of EC-unstable species grows with mass, with an expected EC-decay impact more important for larger atomic number and lower energy. We revisit the modelling of EC decay and its detectability in the context of recent unmodulated low-energy (Voyager) and high-precision data for heavy (AMS-02) and very-heavy nuclei (ACE-CRIS, CALET and Super-TIGER). We solve the transport equation for a multi-level configuration (up to any number of electrons attached) in the diffusion and leaky-box models. Their decayed fractions are found to be qualitatively similar but with very different absolute fluxes. We check that the standard two-level approximation, wherein the cosmic-ray nucleus is fully ionised or with one electron attached, is sufficient for most situations. We find that the impact of EC-decay is negligible in current data, except possibly for fluxes or ratios involving $^{51}$Cr, $^{55}$Fe, and Co. These conclusions are robust against significant uncertainties in the attachment and stripping cross-sections. This first analysis calls for further investigation, as several forthcoming projects (e.g., TIGERISS) are targeting $Z>30$ cosmic rays.
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6.729606
0.155613
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014544B
[ "EC decay", "Galactic cosmic rays", "EC", "larger atomic number", "several forthcoming projects", "lower energy", "current data", "Super-TIGER", "Electron", "electrons" ]
[ "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
0
null
[ "Borchiellini, M.", "Maurin, D.", "Vecchi, M." ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37278978
2510.14575
Linear damping of magneto-acoustic waves in two-fluid partially ionized plasmas
Magneto-acoustic waves in partially ionized plasmas are damped due to elastic collisions between charged and neutral particles. Here, we use a linearized two-fluid model to describe the influence of this collisional interaction on the properties of small-amplitude waves propagating in a uniform and static background. Mainly focusing on the case of waves generated by a periodic driver, we perform a detailed study of the dependence of the wavenumbers and damping rates on the ionization degree of the plasma, the strength of the collisional coupling, and the angle of propagation. We describe how the different wave modes (fast, slow, acoustic) are related to the individual properties of each fluid in a wide range of physical conditions. In addition, we derive analytical approximations for the damping rates due to charge-neutral collisions in the limits of weak and strong coupling and check their range of validity in comparison with the exact numerical results. These approximations can be generally applied to a large variety of astrophysical and laboratory partially ionized plasmas, but here we also discuss the particular application to plasmas only composed of hydrogen.
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12.400492
14.66703
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014575M
[ "waves", "elastic collisions", "analytical approximations", "rates", "small-amplitude waves", "Magneto-acoustic waves", "the different wave modes", "physical conditions", "comparison", "partially ionized plasmas" ]
[ "Plasma Physics", "Solar and Stellar Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Martínez-Gómez, David" ]
[ "-" ]
[]
[]
37278994
2510.14587
Eclipsing Stellar Flare on the Demon Star Algol Binary System Observed during the MAXI-NICER Follow-up Campaign in 2018
Algol is a well-known eclipsing binary hosting an active and variable star that exhibits frequent stellar flares. Here, we report our pre-planned and coordinated rapid X-ray follow-up observations of an eclipsing flare on Algol. The Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI) detected a flare on Algol at 05:52 UT on 2018 July 4. Subsequently, we carried out a prompt X-ray monitoring with the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) starting at 19:45 UT on the same day, and the observation ended at 06:02 UT on 2018 July 6. During the decaying phase of the flare, we successfully detected a 5.8-hour-long eclipse, corresponding to the secondary eclipse in which Algol A blocks the line of sight to Algol B. During the eclipse, the 2--10 keV X-ray flux is decreased to 20\% level from $1.9\times10^{-10}~ \mathrm{erg~cm^{-2}~s^{-1} }$ to $4.5\times10^{-11}~ \mathrm{erg~cm^{-2}~s^{-1} }$. We found a configuration of the flare size and location to explain the X-ray observations; e.g., the flare occurred at the latitude 45°S of the Algol B surface with a flare height of $1.9\times10^{11}~\mathrm{cm}$, corresponding to 0.8 times the stellar radius of Algol B, giving 80% obscuration of the flare loop by Algol A. The apparent absorption increase before the eclipse might originate from coronal mass ejection (CME) in the line of sight ejected during the flare.
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6.872884
11.030346
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014587N
[ "Algol B", "frequent stellar flares", "Algol A", "Algol", "Algol B.", "Algol A.", "-", "the X-ray observations", "a prompt X-ray monitoring", "coronal mass ejection" ]
[ "Solar and Stellar Astrophysics", "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
0
null
[ "Nakayama, Kazuya", "Buz Iwakiri, Wataru", "Enoto, Teruaki", "Inoue, Shun", "Notsu, Yuta", "Gendreau, Keith", "Arzoumanian, Zaven", "Hamaguchi, Kenji", "Mihara, Tatehiro" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279003
2510.14613
The multimessenger view of Pulsar Timing Array black holes with the Horizon-AGN simulation
We use the Horizon-AGN cosmological simulation to study the properties of supermassive black hole binaries (MBHBs) contributing most to the gravitational wave background (GWB) signal expected in the pulsar timing array (PTA) band. We develop a pipeline to generate realistic populations of MBHBs, allowing us to estimate both the characteristic strain and GWB time series observable by PTA experiments. We identify potential continuous wave (CW) candidates standing above the background noise, using toy PTA sensitivities representing the current EPTA and future SKA. We estimate the probability of detecting at least one CW with signal-to-noise ratio $>3$ to be $4\%$ ($20\%$) for EPTA (SKA)-like sensitivities, assuming a 10-year baseline. We find the GWB to be dominated by hundreds to thousands of binaries at redshifts in the range $0.05-1$, with chirp masses of $10^{8.5}-10^{9.5}\, M_\odot$, hosted mainly in quiescent massive galaxies residing in halos of mass $\sim 10^{13}\, M_\odot$. CW candidates have larger masses, lower redshifts and are found in even more massive halos, typical of galaxy groups and clusters. The majority of these systems would appear as AGN rather than quasars, because of their low Eddington ratios. Nevertheless, CW candidates with $f_{\rm Edd}>10^{-3}$ can still outshine their hosts, particularly in radio and X-ray bands, suggesting them as the most promising route for identification. Our findings imply that optical and near-infrared searches based on light curve variability are challenging and biased toward more luminous systems. Finally, we highlight important caveats in the common method used to compare PTA observations with theoretical models. We find that GWB spectral inferences used by PTAs could be biased toward shallower slopes and higher amplitudes at $f=1/\rm yr$, thereby reducing the apparent tension between astrophysical expectations and PTA observations.
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7.282897
3.012399
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014613Q
[ "toy PTA sensitivities", "PTA observations", "CW candidates", "PTA experiments", "PTA", "GWB time series", "GWB spectral inferences", "quiescent massive galaxies", "supermassive black hole binaries", "lower redshifts" ]
[ "Astrophysics of Galaxies", "Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Quelquejay Leclere, Hippolyte", "Li, Kunyang", "Volonteri, Marta", "Babak, Stanislav", "Beckmann, Ricarda S.", "Dubois, Yohan", "Laigle, Clotilde", "Webb, Natalie A." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279026
2510.14636
Performance of the Prototype Station of the IceCube Surface Array Enhancement
The prototype station of the Surface Array Enhancement at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory has been taking data in its final design since 2023. This station is part of the planned extension within the footprint of the existing surface array, IceTop. One station consists of 8 scintillator detectors, 3 radio antennas, and a central DAQ. The final upgrade of the scintillation detectors and their firmware at the prototype station has extended the dynamic range and increased the data-taking up-time, thereby expanding the observation window for air showers. This contribution will discuss the performance of the upgraded prototype station after commissioning and its angular resolution capabilities when observing air showers with the scintillation detectors and in coincidence with IceTop. Furthermore, the integration of additional stations during the most recent deployment will be discussed.
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5.622271
-0.569304
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014636S
[ "additional stations", "air showers", "the upgraded prototype station", "The prototype station", "the prototype station", "the scintillation detectors", "data", "8 scintillator detectors", "One station", "This station" ]
[ "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "High Energy Physics - Experiment" ]
0
null
[ "Shefali for the IceCube Collaboration" ]
[ "-" ]
[]
[]
37279055
2510.14652
Local Particle Acceleration in an ICME-in-Sheath Structure Observed by Solar Orbiter
Local particle acceleration in the shock sheath region formed during the interaction between multiple coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is a complicated process that is still under investigation. On March 23, 2024, the successive eruption of two magnetic flux ropes (MFRs) from the solar active region 3614 produced twin CMEs, as identified in coronagraph images. By analyzing in-situ data from Solar Orbiter and Wind, it is found that the primary ICME-driven shock overtook the preceding ICME, trapping it in the sheath between the shock and the primary ICME, forming the ICME-in-sheath (IIS) structure. Using Solar Orbiter observations, we show that both electrons and ions are accelerated within the IIS. A clear enhancement of suprathermal electrons was observed at the IIS boundary, where strong flow shear and large magnetic field variation suggest possible local electron acceleration. Electrons (>38 keV) exhibit a long-lasting enhancement in the IIS with a spectral index of ~2.2, similar to that in the shock sheath and the primary ICME, indicating a similar solar origin. Inside both the sheath and IIS, spectra of proton and 4He are generally consistent with the prediction of the diffusive shock acceleration, whereas Fe and O present a double power-law shape. Additionally, the Fe/O ratio in the IIS is higher than that in the sheath, and more close to the abundance of the flare-related particles, suggesting the remnant particles of flare confined in the IIS.
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13.326743
16.266068
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014652C
[ "possible local electron acceleration", "Local particle acceleration", "Solar Orbiter observations", "suprathermal electrons", "Solar Orbiter", "sheath", "multiple coronal mass ejections", "ICME", "Electrons", "twin CMEs" ]
[ "Solar and Stellar Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Chen, Xiaomin", "Li, Chuan", "Xu, Zigong", "Nicolaou, Georgios", "Kollhoff, Alexander", "Ho, George C.", "Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F.", "Owen, Christopher J." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279060
2510.14667
Active galactic nucleus outflows accelerate when they escape the bulge
Large-scale outflows driven by AGNs are an important element of galaxy evolution. Detailed analysis of their properties allows us to probe the activity history of the galactic nucleus and, potentially, other properties of the host galaxy. A recent paper presents detailed radial velocity profiles of outflows in ten AGN host galaxies and shows a common trend of approximately constant velocity in the centre followed by rapid acceleration outside $R_{\rm tr} \sim 1 - 3$ kpc. We show that this is a consequence of the AGN-driven outflows clearing the gaseous bulges of the host galaxies and beginning to expand into a region of negligible gas density. We used a 1D semi-analytical code to calculate outflow propagation in each of the ten galaxies, assuming a constant AGN luminosity and an isothermal bulge density profile, with a finite bulge radius, and leaving the gas fraction and total mass of the bulge as free parameters. We also considered the effect of different gas density profiles, variations in bulge velocity dispersion, AGN luminosity, and the effect of outflow fragmentation. Our simplest model can fit six outflow profiles essentially perfectly, while another can be fit if the bulge gas density profile is shallower than isothermal. A shallower density profile also improves the fit in the central regions of the remaining three outflows, but they accelerate faster than our models predict; this could be evidence of significant gas cooling and star formation that reduce the total mass of outflowing gas. We conclude that a simple AGN-driven wind feedback model can explain the detailed velocity profiles of real outflows in local AGN hosts. The free parameters of our model have values that fall well within reasonable ranges. This suggests that the simple scenario we envisioned is close to the true conditions governing the general trends of large-scale outflow expansion.
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14.673444
7.730568
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014667Z
[ "different gas density profiles", "detailed radial velocity profiles", "outflow propagation", "real outflows", "outflows", "negligible gas density", "outflow fragmentation", "bulge velocity dispersion", "local AGN hosts", "significant gas cooling" ]
[ "Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
0
null
[ "Zubovas, Kastytis", "Tartėnas, Matas" ]
[ "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279076
2510.14671
Diffusion-Free Dynamics in Rotating Spherical Shell Convection Driven By Internal Heating and Cooling
The bulk properties of convection in stellar and giant planet interiors are often assumed to be independent of the molecular diffusivities, which are very small. By contrast, simulations of this process in rotating, spherical shells, which are typically driven by conductive boundary heat fluxes, generally yield results that depend on the diffusivity. This makes it challenging to extrapolate these simulation results to real objects. However, laboratory models and Cartesian-box simulations suggest diffusion-free dynamics can be obtained if convection is driven using prescribed internal heating and cooling instead of boundary fluxes. Here, we apply this methodology to simulations of Boussinesq, hydrodynamic rotating spherical shell convection. We find that this set-up unambiguously yields diffusion-free behaviour for bulk 'thermal' properties of the convection, such as the radial temperature contrast and the convective heat transport. Moreover, the transition from prograde to retrograde equatorial zonal flow is diffusion-free and only depends on the convective Rossby number. The diffusivity dependence of other bulk 'kinematic' properties is regime-dependent. In simulations that are rotationally constrained, the convective velocities, and the strength and structure of the zonal flow, are diffusion-dependent, although the zonal flow appears to approach a diffusion-free state for sufficiently high supercriticality. In simulations that are uninfluenced by rotation, or are only influenced by rotation at large scales, diffusion-free convective velocities and zonal flow amplitudes are obtained. The result that many aspects of our idealised simulations are diffusion-free has promising implications for the development of realistic stellar and giant planet convection models that can access diffusion-free regimes.
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10.948109
14.400446
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014671L
[ "simulations", "equatorial zonal flow", "diffusion-free convective velocities", "zonal flow amplitudes", "conductive boundary heat fluxes", "diffusion-free regimes", "convection", "diffusion-free dynamics", "diffusion-free behaviour", "spherical shells" ]
[ "Solar and Stellar Astrophysics", "Earth and Planetary Astrophysics", "Fluid Dynamics" ]
0
null
[ "Lewis, Neil T.", "Joshi-Hartley, Tom", "Tobias, Steven M.", "Currie, Laura K.", "Browning, Matthew K." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279087
2510.14682
Detection of spin-modulated circular polarisation and radial velocity variations in the long period Intermediate Polar 1RXS J080114.6-462324
We present a comprehensive photometric, spectroscopic, and polarimetric study of the intermediate polar (IP) 1RXS J080114.6-462324, using observations from the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO) 1.0-m and 1.9-m telescopes and the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT), complemented by archival TESS photometry. Photometric and photo-polarimetric data reveal a coherent modulation at the white dwarf (WD) spin period. TESS confirms periodicities of 1307.517 s (spin) and 11.803 h (orbital). Photopolarimetric and circular spectropolarimetric measurements show circular polarisation reaching ~+5%, modulated with the WD spin period, consistent with cyclotron emission from an accreting magnetic pole. Time-resolved optical spectra display prominent Balmer (H$γ$, H$β$, and H$α$) and He\textsc{ii} $λ$4686 emission features and additional He\textsc{i} emissions, all exhibiting minimal radial-velocity variations. We detect red-shifted absorption dips adjacent to the He\textsc{ii} and H$β$ lines, modulated at the WD spin period; periodogram analysis of the emission lines also yields spin modulation. These observations indicate that the system is a disc-fed, low-inclination IP. The combination of circular polarisation and spin-modulated absorption by infalling accretion curtain material supports this classification. Its comparatively long orbital period among IPs and the detection of polarised emission render 1RXS J080114.6-462324 an appealing candidate for evolutionary studies, potentially offering insight into how magnetic accretion systems evolve toward synchronism at longer orbital periods.
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5.580862
10.07603
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014682M
[ "spin modulation", "polarised emission render", "longer orbital periods", "cyclotron emission", "spin", "circular polarisation", "accretion curtain material", "evolutionary studies", "the WD spin period", "archival TESS photometry" ]
[ "Solar and Stellar Astrophysics", "Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Moloi, V.", "Potter, S. B.", "Khangale, Z. N.", "Buckley, D. A. H.", "Booi, L.", "Woudt, P. A." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279084
2510.14687
Search for exocomets transits in Kepler light curves: Ten new transits identified
The Kepler mission, despite its conclusion over a decade ago, continues to offer a rich dataset for uncovering new astrophysical objects and phenomena. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive search for exocometary transit signatures within the Kepler light curves, using a machine learning approach based on a neural network trained on a library of theoretical exocomet transit light curves. By analyzing the light curves of 201,820 stars, we identified candidate events through the neural network and subjected the output to filtering and visual inspection to mitigate false positives. Our results are presented into three catalogs of increasing ambiguity. The first-tier catalog includes 17 high-confidence exocometary transit events, comprising 7 previously reported events and 10 newly identified ones, each associated with a different host star. The second-tier catalog lists 30 lower-confidence events that remain consistent with possible exocometary transits. The third-tier catalog consists of 49 more symmetric photometric events that could be either exocometary transits, exoplanet mono-transits, or false positives due to eclipsing binaries mimicking transits. Contrary to previous studies, which suggested that the cometary activity was favored by stellar youth, we find a broad age distribution among candidate host stars, including several red giants. This challenges the general idea of a decline in cometary activity with stellar age and underlines the need for further investigation into the temporal evolution of exocometary activity in planetary systems.
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6.921581
13.674429
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014687D
[ "theoretical exocomet transit light curves", "exocometary transit signatures", "possible exocometary transits", "candidate events", "binaries mimicking transits", "cometary activity", "exocometary activity", "candidate host stars", "stellar age", "false positives" ]
[ "Earth and Planetary Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Dumond, Pierre", "Lecavelier des Etangs, Alain", "Kiefer, Flavien", "Hébrard, Guillaume", "Caillé, Vincent" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279096
2510.14707
Toward a unified view of agnostic parametrizations for deformed black holes
A variety of robust and effective descriptions have been devised to extract model-independent information about the fundamental properties of black holes from observational data when searching for deviations from general relativity. In this work, we construct explicit transformation maps establishing the equivalence among three relevant parametrizations for different spacetime patches: Johannsen-Psaltis, Rezzolla-Zhidenko, and Effective Metric Description. We then select representative black hole geometries to determine the minimal number of parameters required within each scheme to reproduce the associated quasi-normal mode spectra with a prescribed degree of accuracy. Our analysis shows that, for the given observables, a finite set of coefficients suffices to attain the desired precision in the three frameworks. Finally, we emphasize how the individual strengths of these effective descriptions can be exploited to probe complementary aspects of black hole physics.
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8.921935
2.513749
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014707D
[ "black holes", "representative black hole geometries", "black hole physics", "Effective Metric Description", "explicit transformation maps", "different spacetime", "observational data", "complementary aspects", "the associated quasi-normal mode spectra", "robust and effective descriptions" ]
[ "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology", "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "High Energy Physics - Theory" ]
0
null
[ "Del Piano, Manuel", "De Simone, Ciro", "Damia Paciarini, Mattia", "Myszkowski, Mikołaj", "Sannino, Francesco", "Vellucci, Vania" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279107
2510.14715
Numerical Studies on the Radio Afterglows in TDE (I): Forward Shock
Recent long-term radio monitoring of tidal disruption events (TDEs) suggests that radio afterglows are common. Most studies argue that these afterglows may arise from forward shocks (FS) produced by the interaction between the TDE outflow and the hot, diffuse circumnuclear medium (CNM). Current theoretical models do not model the evolution of relativistic electrons in space, which introduces uncertainties. Here we conducted hydrodynamic simulations to study the hydrodynamic evolution of relativistic electrons, and calculated the synchrotron spectra via radiative transfer. We focus on the FS scenario with non-relativistic outflows, and various parameters of the outflow and CNM are explored. A moderate outflow with kinetic energy of several $10^{50}$ erg in a Galactic center - like CNM can produce mJy-level radio afterglows at a distance of 100 Mpc. The self-absorption frequency exhibits a slow decline at early times and a rapid decrease at late times. We derived the temporal evolution of the high-frequency radio flux, revealing its characteristic rise and decline pattern. We also find that: (1) the radio spectra for narrow outflows are clearly anisotropic along different sight lines; (2) the FS parameters inferred from radio spectra using conventional analytical formulas deviate significantly from those in simulations, in which the inferred shock radii are half of those from simulations, and the inferred energies are an order of magnitude lower.
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6.955599
5.440722
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014715M
[ "radio spectra", "radio afterglows", "non-relativistic outflows", "relativistic electrons", "narrow outflows", "hydrodynamic simulations", "forward shocks", "FS", "tidal disruption events", "kinetic energy" ]
[ "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
0
null
[ "Mou, Guobin" ]
[ "-" ]
[]
[]
37279121
2510.14733
Expansion kinematics of young clusters. II. NGC 2264 N & S and Collinder 95 with HectoSpec
Aims: Studying the dynamical evolution of young clusters is crucial for a more general understanding of the star formation process. Methods: We took spectra of >600 candidate pre-main sequence (PMS) stars in several nearby young clusters (NGC 2264 N & S, Collinder 95, and Collinder 359) using MMT/Hectospec. These spectra were analyzed for Hα emission and lithium absorption, features indicative of low-mass young stellar objects (YSOs) still in their PMS evolution. We complemented these samples with YSOs identified via Gaia DR3 variability. In conjunction with Gaia astrometry, these data enable an analysis of cluster structure, kinematics and ages. In particular, we searched for halos of YSOs around our targets to test models of young cluster dynamical evolution. Results: For the NGC 2264 N & S cluster pair we identified 354 YSOs, while for Collinder 95 and 359 we identified 130 and 7 YSOs, respectively. We calculate kinematic "traceback ages" for YSOs in these clusters, which we compare to isochronal ages estimated using several sets of stellar evolution models. We find for NGC 2264 N & S that kinematic ages are generally smaller than their isochronal ages, which may indicate these systems remained bound for a few Myr before their current state of expansion. On the other hand, kinematic ages for Collinder 95 are often significantly larger than isochronal ages, which implies many of these YSOs did not originate from a central, dense region, leading to overestimated kinematic ages. Conclusions: We conclude that NGC 2264 N & S clusters likely formed as initially bound and compact systems, but have been gradually evaporating as cluster members become unbound, forming halos of unbound YSOs surrounding the cluster cores. We conclude that Collinder 95 likely formed initially sparse and substructured and has been dispersing since gas expulsion.
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9.913321
9.345559
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014733C
[ "young clusters", "several nearby young clusters", "kinematic ages", "overestimated kinematic ages", "isochronal ages", "cluster members", "cluster structure", "young cluster dynamical evolution", "ages", "unbound YSOs" ]
[ "Solar and Stellar Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Cheshire, Ishani", "Armstrong, Joseph J.", "Tan, Jonathan C." ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279147
2510.14743
Mergers lighting the early Universe: enhanced star formation, AGN triggering, and Ly$α$ emission in close pairs at $z=3-9$
Galaxy mergers and interactions are often invoked to explain enhanced star formation, black hole growth, and mass build-up of galaxies at later cosmic times, but their effect is poorly understood at high redshift ($z>2$). We use JADES data to analyse a mass-complete sample of 2095 galaxies at $z=3-9$ with ${\rm log}(M_\star/{\rm M_\odot}) = [8, 10]$, identifying major merger pairs (projected separation of $5-100$ pkpc, mass ratio $\geq 1/4$) using a probabilistic method. To look for signatures of enhancement in multiple physical properties, we carefully build a control sample of non-pairs that are simultaneously matched in redshift, stellar mass, isolation, and environment to the pair sample. We find a moderate enhancement in specific star formation rate (sSFR) of $1.12 \pm 0.05$ at separations $\lesssim 20$ kpc, which is weakly detectable out to $\sim50$ kpc. We find that at longer averaging timescales (50-100 Myr) the sSFR is more affected by interactions and environment, whereas at shorter timescales (5-10 Myr) it is dominated by internal feedback and burstiness. By averaging star formation histories, we find two distinct populations: pre-first passage/coalescence (monotonically rising SFR) and post-pericentre pairs (earlier peak in SFR). Finally, we find no significant excess of AGN in pairs, suggesting galaxy interactions are not effectively triggering black hole activity at separations $>5$ kpc. Similarly, we also do not detect an excess in the fraction of Lyman-$α$ emitters in pairs, implying that at the probed separations, galaxy interactions are not efficient at enhancing Lyman-$α$ photon production and escape, which may only become important at the smallest scales.
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11.829067
6.863175
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014743P
[ "galaxy interactions", "post-pericentre pairs", "major merger pairs", "pairs", "enhanced star formation", "star formation histories", "specific star formation rate", "projected separation", "galaxies", "black hole growth" ]
[ "Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
0
null
[ "Puskás, Dávid", "Tacchella, Sandro", "Simmonds, Charlotte", "Jones, Gareth C.", "Juodžbalis, Ignas", "Scholtz, Jan", "Baker, William M.", "Bunker, Andrew J.", "Carniani, Stefano", "Curtis-Lake, Emma", "Duan, Qiao", "Eisenstein, Daniel J.", "Hainline, Kevin", "Johnson, Benjamin D.", "Maiolino, Roberto", "Rieke, Marcia", "Robertson, Brant", "Williams, Christina C.", "Witstok, Joris" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279136
2510.14747
The predictive power of the calculated line lists of carbon monoxide
The ability of our semi-empirical irregular dipole-moment functions (2022) and (2025) to predict the intensities of the yet unobserved lines, as well as to describe the observed ones not used in the fitting, is demonstrated by comparison with recent measurements in the 0-0, 1-0, 3-0, and 7-0 bands.
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11.726178
12.478768
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014747M
[ "recent measurements", "comparison", "our semi-empirical irregular dipole-moment functions", "the observed ones", "the yet unobserved lines", "the fitting", "the intensities", "The ability", "7-0 bands", "0" ]
[ "Chemical Physics", "Earth and Planetary Astrophysics", "Astrophysics of Galaxies", "Solar and Stellar Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Medvedev, E. S.", "Ushakov, V. G." ]
[ "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279137
2510.14748
QFP Waves Driven by the Tuning-Fork Effect during Magnetic Reconnecion
Through three-dimensional MHD simulations, we have uncovered a kind of fast coronal wave originating from both ends of a current sheet (CS) during a solar eruption. These waves are observed to appear near the top and bottom ends of the reconnection-related CS. The simulations demonstrate the presence of termination shock regions above the two ends of the CS. As the reconnection outflows escape from the vertical CS and encounter these termination shocks, they undergo partial reflection, redirecting towards the CS terminal fork walls. The identified waves propagate rapidly at a speed of approximately 1400 km/s with a period of just 2 s. Concurrently, the time-evolution of intensity within a small region of the CS terminal fork structures, exhibits a similar oscillation period of 2 s. All these evidence supports the notion that these QFP (Quasi-periodic Fast-Propagating) waves were excited by tuning fork effects within the CS system. Essentially, the rapid reconnection outflows are reflected by the terminal shocks, striking the fork walls at the CS ends. Moreover, parts of the oscillations along the tuning fork handle are transformed into thermal energy, accumulating in the CS center and elevating the temperature. This is the first time to report such QFP waves resulting from tuning fork effects within the CS during a solar eruption. These waves are anticipated to manifest closely following the propagation of CMEs and adjacent to the related post-flare loops in observations, with partial confirmation in current observations.
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13.291516
15.721644
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014748H
[ "CS", "such QFP waves", "fork effects", "fast coronal wave", "termination shock regions", "the CS terminal fork structures", "the CS terminal fork walls", "partial reflection", "current observations", "partial confirmation" ]
[ "Solar and Stellar Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Hu, Jialiang", "Zhao, Xiaozhou", "Zhou, Guiping", "Chen, Yuhao", "Jin, Chunlan", "Shi, Mijie", "Cheng, Guanchong", "Yu, Xiaoxia", "Ye, Jing", "Zhou, Xinping", "Fang, Hanxian" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279151
2510.14757
The Hidden Story of Chemical Evolution in Local Star-Forming Nuclear Rings
A VLT/MUSE population synthesis study of metallicities in the nuclear star-forming rings of four disk galaxies (NGC 613, NGC 1097, NGC 3351, NGC 7552) is presented. Disentangling the spectral contributions of young and old stellar populations, we find a large spread of ages and metallicities of the old stars in the nuclear rings. This indicates a persistent infall of metal-poor gas and ongoing episodic star formation over many gigayears. The young stars have metallicities a factor two to three higher than solar in all galaxies except NGC 3351, where the range is from half to twice solar. Previously reported detections of extremely metal poor regions at young stellar age on the rings of these four galaxies are a methodological artifact of the average over all stars, young and old. In addition, it is important to include contributions of very young stars ($<6$ Myr) in this environment. For each of the four galaxies, the extinction maps generated through our population synthesis analysis provide support for the infall scenario. They reveal dust lanes along the leading edges of the stellar bars, indicating the flow of interstellar material towards the circumnuclear zone. Prominent stellar clusters show little extinction, most likely because of the onset of stellar winds. Inside and on the nuclear rings, regions that are largely free of extinction are detected.
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11.249151
7.920353
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014757S
[ "young stellar age", "ongoing episodic star formation", "Prominent stellar clusters", "stellar winds", "young and old stellar populations", "little extinction", "NGC", "extinction", "interstellar material", "metallicities" ]
[ "Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
0
null
[ "Sextl, Eva", "Kudritzki, Rolf-Peter" ]
[ "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279170
2510.14766
Predicting the Subhalo Mass Functions in Simulations from Galaxy Images
Strong gravitational lensing provides a powerful tool to directly infer the dark matter (DM) subhalo mass function (SHMF) in lens galaxies. However, comparing observationally inferred SHMFs to theoretical predictions remains challenging, as the predicted SHMF can vary significantly between galaxies - even within the same cosmological model - due to differences in the properties and environment of individual galaxies. We present a machine learning framework to infer the galaxy-specific predicted SHMF from galaxy images, conditioned on the assumed inverse warm DM particle mass $M^{-1}_{\rm DM}$. To train the model, we use 1024 high-resolution hydrodynamical zoom-in simulations from the DREAMS suite. Mock observations are generated using Synthesizer, excluding gas particle contributions, and SHMFs are computed with the Rockstar halo finder. Our neural network takes as input both the galaxy images and the inverse DM mass. This method enables scalable, image-based predictions for the theoretical DM SHMFs of individual galaxies, facilitating direct comparisons with observational measurements.
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11.931008
4.112136
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014766F
[ "galaxy images", "individual galaxies", "lens galaxies", "galaxies", "gas particle contributions", "DM", "theoretical predictions", "the assumed inverse warm DM particle mass", "SHMF", "Strong gravitational lensing" ]
[ "Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics", "Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
0
null
[ "Filipp, Andreas", "Nguyen, Tri", "Perreault-Levasseur, Laurence", "Rose, Jonah", "Lovell, Chris", "Payot, Nicolas", "Villaescusa-Navarro, Francisco", "Hezaveh, Yashar" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279177
2510.14775
CHILLING: Continuum Halos in LVHIS Local Irregular Nearby Galaxies - Radio continuum spectral behavior of dwarf galaxies
Dwarf galaxies, due to their shallow gravitational potentials, provide critical environments for studying feedback mechanisms from star formation and its impacts on dwarf galaxy evolution. In particular, radio continuum (RC) observations offer valuable insights into cosmic ray dynamics, which play a significant role in shaping these processes. This study investigates the detectability and spectral characteristics of RC emission in a sample of 15 dwarf galaxies (11 gas-rich, star forming dwarfs and 4 blue compact dwarfs) spanning a broad range of stellar masses and star formation histories. Using multi-band RC data (L/S-, C-, and X-band) from the Australia Telescope Compact Array, we analyse the physical conditions responsible for RC emission and explore the dominant emission mechanisms within these systems. RC emission is detected in 11 out of the 15 galaxies. Our results indicate that RC emission correlates strongly with star formation rate, far-infrared, and stellar mass, while dynamic parameters such as HI and rotational velocity exhibit no significant correlation with RC detectability. Spectral analysis reveals that the RC spectral energy distribution in these galaxies frequently deviate from a simple power-law behavior, instead displaying curvature that suggests more complex underlying physical processes. Statistical model comparison confirms that a single power-law model is inadequate to capture the observed spectral shapes, emphasising the necessity of more sophisticated approaches. Additionally, the observed radio-far-infrared correlation indicates that cosmic ray electrons in lower-mass dwarf galaxies cool more rapidly than they can escape (e.g. via galactic winds), resulting in a measurable RC deficit.
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12.960467
8.22595
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014775T
[ "RC emission", "Dwarf galaxies", "RC detectability", "multi-band RC data", "dwarf galaxy evolution", "star formation", "star formation rate", "star formation histories", "cosmic ray dynamics", "cosmic ray electrons" ]
[ "Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
0
null
[ "Taziaux, Sam", "Johnson, Megan C.", "Shuvo, Onic I.", "Bomans, Dominik J.", "Riseley, Christopher J.", "Galvin, Timothy J.", "Thomson, Alec J. M.", "Kamphuis, Peter", "Kimball, Amy", "Kepley, Amanda", "Stein, Michael", "Heald, George H.", "Seymour, Nicholas", "Grundy, Joe A.", "Adebahr, Björn", "Dettmar, Ralf-Jürgen" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279179
2510.14776
Evaluating Habitability and Biosignature Detection on TOI-700 d: The Role of UV Environment and Atmospheric Pressure
M dwarfs have long been prime targets in the search for habitable exoplanets, owing to their abundance in the galaxy and the relative ease of detecting Earth-sized worlds within their narrower habitable zones. Yet, these low-mass stars can emit high-energy radiation that may gradually erode planetary atmospheres, raising concerns about long-term habitability. TOI-700, a relatively quiescent M dwarf that hosts four known planets, stands out due to its Earth-sized TOI-700 d in the star's habitable zone. Here, we assess whether a habitable environment can be sustained on TOI-700 d by analyzing different UV flux levels and atmospheric pressures. We focus on two atmospheric scenarios - one analogous to the Archean Earth and another representing a modern Earth-like environment - using a 1D photochemistry-climate model. Our results indicate that all simulated cases can maintain temperatures compatible with liquid water on the surface. However, the dominant photochemical pathways differ substantially with UV levels: under low-UV conditions, haze formation in the Archean-like atmosphere provides the main UV shielding, whereas under intensified UV, ozone production in the modern-like atmospheres can protect the surface from harmful doses. Interestingly, although haze can impede the detection of certain biosignatures, such as CH4, CO2 and O2, it also enhances the overall atmospheric signal by increasing scattering and transit depth, potentially aiding in revealing the presence of an atmosphere. These findings underscore the dual role of hazes as both a challenge for biosignature detection and a potential protection of surface habitability.
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7.750262
14.396631
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014776S
[ "different UV flux levels", "UV levels", "planetary atmospheres", "intensified UV", "habitable exoplanets", "biosignature detection", "haze formation", "surface habitability", "M dwarfs", "Earth" ]
[ "Earth and Planetary Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Sumida, Viktor Y. D.", "Estrela, Raissa", "Valio, Adriana" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279173
2510.14779
The dark side of early galaxies: $\texttt{geko}$ uncovers dark-matter fractions at $z\sim4-6$
JWST/NIRCam slitless spectroscopy enables dynamical mass measurements for typical star-forming galaxies only a billion years after the Big Bang. We model the H$α$ morpho-kinematics of 163 galaxies at redshift $z\approx4$-6 from FRESCO and CONGRESS (with JADES imaging), using the $\texttt{geko}$ code, and infer rotational velocities and dispersions within $r_{\rm e}$. Our sample spans $\log M_{\star}\approx7$-10 and $\log M_{\rm dyn}\approx9$-11. Gas masses are estimated via scaling relations, yielding baryonic masses and dark-matter (DM) fractions $f_{\rm DM}(r<r_{\rm e})$ within the H$α$ half-light radius. We find high median fractions of $\langle f_{\rm gas}\rangle=0.77$ and $\langle f_{\rm DM}\rangle=0.73$, where $f_{\rm gas}$ is measured with respect to the baryonic mass and $f_{\rm DM}$ with respect to the DM+baryonic mass. About two-thirds of systems are DM-dominated within $r_{\rm e}\sim0.5-1$ kpc. Both $f_{\rm gas}$ and $f_{\rm DM}$ decrease with stellar mass, consistent with simulations. The stellar Tully-Fisher relation shows a tentative offset to higher $v_{\rm circ}$ at fixed $M_{\star}$ and substantial intrinsic scatter, suggesting that the relation is only beginning to emerge at $z\sim5$. We measure a negative correlation between $f_{\rm DM}$ and baryonic surface density $Σ_{\rm bar}$, weaker but broadly consistent with trends at cosmic noon and at $z\sim0$. Qualitatively comparing with modified NFW profiles coupled to an empirical stellar-to-halo mass relation suggests that the lowest $f_{\rm DM}$ ($\lesssim0.4$) require cored inner DM profiles, while the highest fractions favour cuspier profiles, potentially reflecting adiabatic contraction. Overall, the elevated $f_{\rm gas}$ and $f_{\rm DM}$ at $z\gtrsim4$ are compatible with progenitors of baryon-dominated systems at $z\sim2$ and naturally anticipate overmassive black holes at fixed $M_{\star}$.
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11.767606
6.674097
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014779D
[ "stellar mass", "inner DM profiles", "high median fractions", "dynamical mass measurements", "modified NFW profiles", "baryonic masses", "baryonic surface density", "relations", "r_{\\rm e})$", "DM}$" ]
[ "Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
0
null
[ "Danhaive, A. Lola", "Tacchella, Sandro", "Bunker, Andrew J.", "Curtis-Lake, Emma", "de Graaff, Anna", "D'Eugenio, Francesco", "Duan, Qiao", "Egami, Eiichi", "Eisenstein, Daniel J.", "Johnson, Benjamin D.", "Maiolino, Roberto", "McClymont, William", "Rieke, Marcia", "Robertson, Brant", "Sun, Fengwu", "Willmer, Christopher N. A.", "Wu, Zihao", "Zhu, Yongda" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279180
2510.14791
Stellar population astrophysics (SPA) with the TNG. The Phosphorus abundance on the young side of MilkyWay
We present phosphorus abundance measurements for a total of 102 giant stars, including 82 stars in 24 open clusters and 20 Cepheids, based on high-resolution near-infrared spectra obtained with GIANO-B. Evolution of phosphorus abundance, despite its astrophysical and biological significance, remains poorly understood due to a scarcity of observational data. By combining precise stellar parameters from the optical, a robust line selection and measurement method, we measure phosphorus abundances using available P I lines. Our analysis confirms a declining trend in [P/Fe] with increasing [Fe/H] around solar metallicity for clusters and Cepheids, consistent with previous studies. We also report a [P/Fe]-age relation among open clusters older than 1 Gyr, indicating a time-dependent enrichment pattern. Such pattern can be explained by the different stellar formation history of their parental gas, with more efficient stellar formation in the gas of older clusters (thus with higher phosphorus abundances). [P/Fe] shows a flat trend among cepheids and clusters younger than 1 Gyr (along with three Cepheids inside open clusters), possibly hinting at the phosphorus contribution from the previous-generation low-mass stars. Such trend suggests that the young clusters share a nearly common chemical history, with a mild increase in phosphorus production by low-mass stars.
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11.526143
12.862949
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014791J
[ "phosphorus abundance measurements", "higher phosphorus abundances", "phosphorus abundance", "phosphorus abundances", "open clusters", "older clusters", "clusters", "phosphorus production", "precise stellar parameters", "Such trend" ]
[ "Solar and Stellar Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Jian, Mingjie", "Fu, Xiaoting", "D'Orazi, Valentina", "Bragaglia, Angela", "Bijavara Seshashayana, S.", "Zhao, He", "Guo, Ziyi", "Lind, Karin", "Matsunaga, Noriyuki", "Nunnari, Antonino", "Bono, Giuseppe", "Sanna, Nicoletta", "Romano, Donatella", "Dal Ponte, Marina" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279195
2510.14801
A new photometric ephemeris for the 2M1510 AB double brown dwarf eclipsing binary system
Eclipsing brown dwarfs are important calibrators of sub-stellar evolution models used to infer the characteristics of directly imaged brown dwarfs and giant exoplanets. Only two double brown dwarf eclipsing binary systems are known, among them 2MASS J15104786-2818174 (2M1510 AB), published in 2020 with a poorly constrained orbital period. Here we analyse TESS full-frame image (FFI) photometry of this faint ($T=15.9$) binary and detect a significant (${>}10σ$) periodic signal spanning TESS Cycles 1-7, consistent with previous data. We refine the orbital period to $20.897782 \pm 0.000036$ d, reducing its present-day uncertainty from 18 h to 8 min. Our work is crucial for scheduling follow-up observations of this system for detailed study with other photometric facilities. We also find that a recent orbital solution from Doppler data is inconsistent with existing photometry. A timing offset in the Doppler data may have produced a spurious signal mimicking retrograde apsidal precession, from which the claimed circumbinary planet 2M1510 ABb was inferred. From our best attempt at correcting the data we were unable to reconcile the radial velocity data with the photometry, suggesting that the radial velocity uncertainties are underestimated, and that the circumbinary planet 2M1510 ABb may be a false positive.
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6.720931
11.479835
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014801M
[ "Doppler data", "previous data", "Eclipsing brown dwarfs", "binary systems", "sub-stellar evolution models", "existing photometry", "detailed study", "other photometric facilities", "TESS Cycles", "important calibrators" ]
[ "Solar and Stellar Astrophysics", "Earth and Planetary Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Millward, Seb T.", "Kunovac, Vedad" ]
[ "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279211
2510.14809
The Nearby Evolved Stars Survey III: First data release of JCMT CO-line observations
Low- to intermediate-mass ($\sim$0.8$-$8 M$_\odot$) evolved stars contribute significantly to the chemical enrichment of the interstellar medium in the local Universe, making accurate mass-return estimates in their final stages crucial. The Nearby Evolved Stars Survey (NESS) is a large multi-telescope project targeting a volume-limited sample of $\sim$850 stars within 3 kpc in order to derive the dust and gas return rates in the Solar Neighbourhood, and to constrain the physics underlying these processes. We present an initial analysis of the CO-line observations, including detection statistics, carbon isotopic ratios, initial mass-loss rates, and gas-to-dust ratios. We describe a new data reduction pipeline to analyse the available NESS CO data from the JCMT, measuring line parameters and calculating empirical gas mass-loss rates. We present the first release of the available data on 485 sources, one of the largest homogeneous samples of CO data to date. Comparison with a large literature sample finds that high mass-loss rate and especially carbon-rich sources are over-represented in literature, while NESS is probing significantly more sources at low mass-loss rates, detecting 59 sources in CO for the first time and providing useful upper limits. CO line detection rates are 81% for the CO (2--1) line and 75% for CO (3--2). The majority (82%) of detected lines conform to the expected soft parabola shape, while eleven sources show a double wind. Calculated mass-loss rates show power-law relations with both the dust-production rates and expansion velocities up to $\sim 5 \times 10^{-6}$~\msunyr. Median gas-to-dust ratios of 250 and 680 are found for oxygen-rich and carbon-rich sources, respectively. Our analysis of CO observations in this first data release highlights the importance of our volume-limited approach in characterizing the local AGB population as a whole.
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9.7644
10.760602
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014809W
[ "CO line detection rates", "NESS CO", "CO data", "CO observations", "detected lines", "CO", "empirical gas mass-loss rates", "line parameters", "carbon isotopic ratios", "initial mass-loss rates" ]
[ "Astrophysics of Galaxies", "Solar and Stellar Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Wallström, S. H. J.", "Scicluna, P.", "Srinivasan, S.", "Wouterloot, J. G. A.", "McDonald, I.", "Decock, L.", "Wijshoff, M.", "Chen, R.", "Torres, D.", "Umans, L.", "Willebrords, B.", "Kemper, F.", "Rau, G.", "Feng, S.", "Jeste, M.", "Kaminski, T.", "Li, D.", "Liu, F. C.", "Trejo-Cruz, A.", "Chawner, H.", "Goldman, S.", "MacIsaac, H.", "Tang, J.", "Zeegers, S. T.", "Danilovich, T.", "Matsuura, M.", "Menten, K. M.", "van Loon, J. Th", "Cami, J.", "Clark, C. J. R.", "Dharmawardena, T. E.", "Greaves, J.", "He, Jinhua", "Imai, H.", "Jones, O. C.", "Kim, H.", "Marshall, J. P.", "Shinnaga, H.", "Wesson, R.", "the NESS Collaboration" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279212
2510.14820
Exploring a cosmic ray inverse-Compton origin to the SZ-to-X-ray pressure deficit in the cool core cluster ZwCl 3146
We explore the possibility that inverse-Compton (IC) scattering of cosmic microwave background photons by $\sim$GeV cosmic rays (CRs) injected by the central active galactic nucleus (AGN) in cool core (CC) clusters produces a non-negligible continuum-like X-ray signal that is easily misinterpreted as intracluster medium (ICM) thermal bremsstrahlung continuum. This is particularly relevant to the cooling flow problem--the lack of star formation relative to X-ray-inferred ICM cooling rates. Using ZwCl 3146, a relaxed CC system at $z = 0.291$, we compare pressure profiles derived via X-rays and the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect. While SZ measurements probe only thermal ICM electrons, additional CR-IC emission would appear to boost the X-ray-inferred pressure. Relative to unity, we measure a $\simeq30\%$ decrement in $P_{SZ}/P_X$ within 100 kpc of the ZwCl 3146 center at a statistical significance of $\simeq 3.3σ$, consistent with predicted deficits from CR-IC contamination in reasonable models of central AGN-driven CR injection. X-ray spectral fits of a two-component model with thermal ICM and CR-IC emission are consistent with CR-IC as the cause of this deficit. We test alternative explanations and systematics that could drive such a decrement, with the leading order systematics associated with halo triaxiality. Collectively, these systematics are unlikely to produce a $P_{SZ}/P_X$ decrement $\gtrsim10\%$. While our results establish that non-negligible CR-IC emission is plausible in ZwCl 3146, we stress that more detailed studies of larger cluster samples are required to robustly assess whether CR-IC is relevant to the cooling flow problem.
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14.102633
4.934484
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014820S
[ "X-ray spectral fits", "thermal ICM", "rays", "-", "non-negligible CR-IC emission", "larger cluster samples", "additional CR-IC emission", "X", "a non-negligible continuum-like X-ray signal", "cosmic microwave background photons" ]
[ "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Silich, Emily M.", "Sayers, Jack", "Hopkins, Philip F.", "Romero, Charles", "Mason, Brian", "Orlowski-Scherer, John", "Sarazin, Craig L." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279223
2510.14829
The Launching of Galactic Winds from a Multiphase ISM
Galactic outflows are a key agent of galaxy evolution, yet their observed multiphase nature remains difficult to reconcile with theoretical models, which often fail to explain how cold gas survives interactions with hot, fast winds. We present high-resolution 3D hydrodynamic simulations of hot outflows interacting with a multiphase interstellar medium (ISM), parameterised by its cold-gas volume filling fraction $f_v$, depth $L_{\rm ISM}$, and clump size $r_{\rm cl}$. We identify a universal survival criterion $f_v L_{\rm ISM} \gtrsim r_{\rm crit}$ that generalises the classical single-cloud condition ($r_{\rm cl} > r_{\rm crit}$) and correctly predicts cold-gas survival across diverse ISM configurations - including scale-free - down to $r_{\rm cl}/r_{\rm crit} \sim 10^{-2}$. The surviving cold phase rapidly loses memory of the initial ISM structure and evolves toward a self-similar clump mass spectrum following Zipf's law ($\mathrm{d}N/\mathrm{d}m \propto m^{-2}$), implying that turbulent mixing and radiative condensation universally shape multiphase outflows. Cold gas assembles into plumes or confined shells of size $\sim χr_{\mathrm{cl,min}}$, growing as mass is accreted from the hot phase. The interaction of a laminar wind with a clumpy ISM drives turbulence in both phases, with first-order velocity structure functions following a Kolmogorov scaling and an injection scale set by $L_{\rm ISM}$, while velocity dispersions reach $σ\sim c_{\rm s,cold}$. The areal covering fraction of cold gas approaches unity even for $f_v \sim 10^{-3}$, though its volume filling fraction stays low, explaining the "misty" appearance of observed outflows. Together, these results link small-scale cloud-wind interactions to galaxy-scale feedback, and we discuss their implications for interpreting observations and for modelling multiphase galactic winds in larger-scale simulations.
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12.166325
8.940737
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014829H
[ "Cold gas", "cold gas", "cold gas approaches unity", "modelling multiphase galactic winds", "diverse ISM configurations", "hot outflows", "r_{\\rm cl}$.", "ISM", "r_{\\rm", "observed outflows" ]
[ "Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
0
null
[ "Hidalgo-Pineda, Fernando", "Gronke, Max", "Grete, Philipp" ]
[ "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279226
2510.14839
Antarctic Infrared Binocular Telescope. I. System Overview, Laboratory Testing, and On-Sky Performance Evaluation
Infrared time-domain surveys remain significantly underdeveloped compared with their optical counterparts. We have developed the Antarctic Infrared Binocular Telescope (AIRBT) to study the dynamic infrared sky at Dome A, Antarctica, taking advantage of the superb infrared observational conditions at this site. AIRBT consists of two identical 15 cm f/3 optical tube assemblies and two cost-effective indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) cameras equipped with J and H filters, respectively. The cameras have 640 x 512 pixels with a size of 15 micrometers, providing a scale of 6.9 arcseconds per pixel and a field of view of 1.22 x 0.97 square degrees. We characterize the performance of the InGaAs cameras, including bias, readout noise, dark current, nonlinearity, and photon transfer curve. Our analysis highlights the distinct behaviors of InGaAs cameras compared with charge-coupled devices (CCDs). The bias and readout noise show temperature dependence, and the noise measured from the photon transfer curves has additional components that increase with exposure time. On-sky tests were conducted in October 2022 including system calibration, limiting depth, and photometric precision. For a single 3-second exposure, we achieved 5-sigma limiting magnitudes of 11.2 mag (Vega system) in J band and 9.7 mag in H band. The best photometric precision reached 20 millimagnitudes at the bright end, which could be further improved to sub-percent levels through image stacking. AIRBT was installed at Dome A in January 2023, and scientific observations began as soon as darkness set in.
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13.949703
11.098762
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014839D
[ "InGaAs cameras", "Dome A", "sub-percent levels", "optical tube assemblies", "photon transfer curve", "readout noise", "system calibration", "J band", "exposure time", "scientific observations" ]
[ "Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Dong, Zhongnan", "Ma, Bin", "Zhang, Haoran", "Li, Jinji", "Yang, Xu", "Hu, Yi", "Shang, Zhaohui", "Ashley, Michael C. B." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279247
2510.14850
General-relativistic radiation magnetohydrodynamics simulations of binary neutron star mergers: The influence of spin on the multi-messenger picture
The rich phenomenology of binary neutron star mergers offers a unique opportunity to test general relativity, investigate matter at supranuclear densities, and learn more about the origin of heavy elements. As multi-messenger sources, they emit both gravitational waves and electromagnetic radiation across several frequency bands. The interpretation of these signals relies heavily on accurate numerical-relativity simulations that incorporate the relevant microphysical processes. Using the latest updates of the BAM code, we perform general-relativistic radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations of binary neutron star mergers with two different spin configurations. We adopt a state-of-the-art equation of state based on relativistic mean-field theory developed for dense matter in neutron star mergers. To capture both dynamical ejecta and secular outflows from magnetic and neutrino-driven winds, we evolve the systems up to $\sim 100\ \rm ms$ after the merger at considerably high resolution with a grid spacing of $Δx \approx 93\ \rm m$ across the neutron stars. Our results show that the non-spinning configuration undergoes a more violent merger, producing more ejecta with lower electron fraction and higher velocities, while the spinning configuration forms a larger disk due to its higher angular momentum. Although the initial magnetic field amplification within $\lesssim 10\ \rm ms$ after merger is similar in both systems, the non-spinning system reaches stronger magnetic fields and higher energies at later times. For a detailed view of the multi-messenger observables, we extract the gravitational-wave signal and compute nucleosynthesis yields, the expected kilonova and afterglow light curves from our ejecta profiles.
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6.423892
2.41396
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014850N
[ "binary neutron star mergers", "neutron star mergers", "multi-messenger sources", "stronger magnetic fields", "merger", "higher velocities", "higher energies", "general relativity", "more ejecta", "afterglow light curves" ]
[ "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology" ]
0
null
[ "Neuweiler, Anna", "Gieg, Henrique", "Rose, Henrik", "Koehn, Hauke", "Markin, Ivan", "Schianchi, Federico", "Brodie, Liam", "Haber, Alexander", "Nedora, Vsevolod", "Bulla, Mattia", "Dietrich, Tim" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279270
2510.14875
AREPO-RSG: Aspherical Circumstellar Material and Winds from Pulsating Dusty Red Supergiants in Global 3D Radiation Hydrodynamic Simulations
Recent observations have revealed a surprisingly large fraction of hydrogen-rich supernovae (SNe) interacting with dense confined circumstellar material (CSM), whose origin is heavily debated. Exploiting our recent implementation of a sophisticated radiation transport scheme in the moving-mesh code AREPO, we perform full-sphere 3D radiation hydrodynamic simulations of red supergiant envelopes. For $10\, M_\odot$ and $20\, M_\odot$ core-carbon-burning stars, we find that large-amplitude radial pulsations lift the surface material of density $10^{-14}$-$10^{-12}\; \mathrm{g\; cm^{-3}}$ to the circumstellar environment up to $3\times10^{14}$ cm, consistent with the inferred density for the interacting SN 2013fs. There, radiation acts on dust to drive highly anisotropic outflows of $10^{-6}$-$10^{-5}\, M_\odot\, \mathrm{yr^{-1}}$. The total CSM masses for both simulations are $\sim 0.01\, M_\odot$. Due to convection, the CSM density structure has order-of-magnitude angular variations, dominated by large-scale asymmetries. We suggest that (1) the CSM around the progenitor is bound material instead of a widely-assumed steady wind, (2) highly aspherical CSM is common and can be created by surface convection rather than only from binary interactions, and (3) 3D effects need to be incorporated in 1D SN modeling, potentially via effective clumping. Based on our simulations, we propose a 1D analytical CSM model to be directly used for SN observable modeling. We predict that progenitor pulsations (seen in SN 2023ixf) and highly-confined CSM (seen in SN 2013fs) should be common among most hydrogen-rich SNe. This can be tested with progenitor monitoring using Rubin Observatory and near-future high-cadence surveys such as ULTRASAT and UVEX.
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3.361921
4.527069
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014875M
[ "1D SN modeling", "dense confined circumstellar material", "CSM", "SN 2013fs", "SN observable modeling", "progenitor pulsations", "surface convection", "SN", "bound material", "radiation" ]
[ "Solar and Stellar Astrophysics", "Astrophysics of Galaxies", "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena" ]
0
null
[ "Ma, Jing-Ze", "Justham, Stephen", "Pakmor, Ruediger", "Chiavassa, Andrea", "Ryu, Taeho", "de Mink, Selma" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279268
2510.14877
Astrophysical uncertainties challenge 21-cm forecasts: A primordial black hole case study
The 21-cm signal is a powerful probe of the early Universe's thermal history and could provide a unique avenue for constraining exotic physics. Previous studies have forecasted stringent constraints on energy injections from exotic sources that heat, excite, and ionize the background gas and thereby modify the 21-cm signal. In this work, we quantify the substantial impact that astrophysical uncertainties have on the projected sensitivity to exotic energy injection. In particular, there are significant uncertainties in the minimum star-forming dark matter halo mass, the Lyman-$α$ emission, and the X-ray emission, whose values characterize the fiducial astrophysical model when projecting bounds. As a case study, we investigate the energy injection of accreting primordial black holes of mass $\sim 1~M_\odot-10^3~M_\odot$, also taking into account uncertainties in the accretion model. We show that, depending on the chosen fiducial model and accretion uncertainties, the sensitivity of future 21-cm data could constrain the abundance of primordial black holes to be either slightly stronger, or significantly weaker, than current limits from the Cosmic Microwave Background.
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9.125759
-0.75737
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014877A
[ "exotic energy injection", "astrophysical uncertainties", "primordial black holes", "accretion uncertainties", "energy injections", "account uncertainties", "significant uncertainties", "exotic sources", "exotic physics", "current limits" ]
[ "Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics", "High Energy Physics - Phenomenology" ]
0
null
[ "Agius, Dominic", "Essig, Rouven", "Gaggero, Daniele", "Palomares-Ruiz, Sergio", "Suczewski, Gregory", "Valli, Mauro" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279280
2510.14879
Multi-wavelength analysis of the progenitor of GRB 230307A via Bayesian model comparison
GRB 230307A is one of the brightest long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) ever detected, yet its progenitor remains uncertain due to the variety of plausible astrophysical scenarios. In this work, we investigate four possible progenitors for GRB 230307A: a binary neutron star (BNS), a neutron star--white dwarf (NS--WD) system, a neutron star--black hole (NS--BH) merger, and a tidal disruption event (TDE) involving a white dwarf and a supermassive black hole. Additionally, we explore three distinct central engine models powering the kilonova associated with the BNS: radioactive decay of $r$-process nuclei in a two-component ejecta model, a magnetar-driven model including magnetic dipole spin-down, and a combined model of magnetar spin-down with ${}^{56}$Ni radioactive decay. We perform Bayesian multi-wavelength light-curve analyses using physically motivated models and priors, and evaluate model performance through Bayes factors and leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO) scores. Our results show a statistical preference for a BNS or NS--WD progenitor producing a kilonova powered by a magnetar and ${}^{56}$Ni decay, characterized by a ${}^{56}$Ni mass of $\sim4\times10^{-4}\,M_{\odot}$ and an ejecta mass of $0.06\,M_{\odot}$. Furthermore, under the assumption of a BNS origin within this model, we infer binary component masses of $m_{1} = 1.81^{+0.46}_{-0.61}\,M_{\odot}$ and $m_{2} = 1.61^{+0.65}_{-0.41}\,M_{\odot}$, with a dimensionless tidal deformability of $\tildeΛ = 471^{+318}_{-395}$. From the component mass posteriors, we infer that the observed offset can be explained by a natal kick as long as the systemic velocity is nearly aligned with the pre-kick orbital motion. In this case, the required kick velocity (co-moving frame) and binary separation range within $v'_{\mathrm{k}}\sim100$--$150~\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}}$, and $a_0\sim2$--$3~R_{\odot}$, respectively.
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6.473886
2.36233
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014879A
[ "model performance", "co-moving frame", "binary component masses", "binary separation range", "BNS", "radioactive decay", "GRB 230307A", "Bayesian multi-wavelength light-curve analyses", "NS", "black hole" ]
[ "High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena", "Astrophysics of Galaxies" ]
0
null
[ "Alfradique, V.", "da Mata, R.", "Rodríguez-Ramírez, J. C.", "Bom, C. R." ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
[]
37279290
2510.14888
Modeling nonlinear scales for dynamical dark energy cosmologies with COLA
Upcoming galaxy surveys will bring a wealth of information about the clustering of matter, but modeling small-scale structure beyond $Λ$CDM remains computationally challenging. While accurate $N$-body emulators exist to model the matter power spectrum for $Λ$CDM and some limited extensions, it's unfeasible to generate $N$-body simulation suites for all candidate models. Motivated by recent hints of an evolving dark energy equation of state, we assess the viability of employing the COmoving Lagrangian Acceleration (COLA) method to generate simulation suites for the $w_0w_a$ dark energy model. We combine COLA simulations with an existing high-precision $Λ$CDM emulator to extend its predictions into new regions of parameter space. We assess the precision of our emulator at the level of the matter power spectrum, finding that our emulator can reproduce the nonlinear boosts from EuclidEmulator2 at less than $2\%$ error. Moreover, we perform an analysis of a simulated cosmic shear survey akin to the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) first year of observations, assessing the differences in parameter constraints between our COLA-based emulator and the benchmark emulator. We find our emulator to be in excellent agreement with the benchmark, achieving less than $0.3σ$ shifts in cosmological parameters. We compare our emulator's performance to a commonly used approach: assuming the $Λ$CDM boost can be employed for extended parameter spaces without modification. We find that our emulator yields a significantly smaller $Δχ^2$ distribution, parameter constraint biases, and a more accurate figure of merit compared to this second approach. Our results demonstrate that COLA emulators provide a computationally efficient path forward for modeling nonlinear structure in extended cosmologies, offering a practical alternative to full $N$-body suites.
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11.608042
3.371739
2025-01-11
0
2025arXiv251014888R
[ "COLA emulators", "extended parameter spaces", "parameter constraint biases", "parameter constraints", "simulation suites", "parameter space", "cosmological parameters", "COLA simulations", "Λ$CDM", "nonlinear structure" ]
[ "Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics" ]
0
null
[ "Rebouças, João", "Lloyd, Victoria", "Gordon, Jonathan", "Brando, Guilherme", "Miranda, Vivian" ]
[ "-", "-", "-", "-", "-" ]
[]
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