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LeAudio

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enhanced aptx codec into their chips now they decided to push further ahead and see if
they could discover a way to allow the adp specification to be used to stream stereo to two
independent earbuds
their efforts succeeded and started a new era for bluetooth audio which would lead to
massive growth the consumer uptake of wireless earbuds meant that bluetooth technology
decoupled itself from spot ifys growth and gained a new momentum of its own csrs
innovation was to develop a way for a single earbud to receive an adp stream and forward
one channel of the stereo stream together with timing information to a second earbud using
the timing in formation the first earbud could delay render ing its audio channel until it knew
the second earbud had received its audio data and was ready to render its stream as far as
chapter the background and heritage
the user was concerned it appeared as if each earbud was receiving its own left or right
channel it was not quite as simple as that to make it work as well see later but it would
become a game changer
the first movers were not the big companies at the start of two companies in europe
earin in sweden and bragi in germany kicked it all off with crowdfunding campaigns for
stereo wireless earbuds earins offering was a pair of wireless earbuds that used the new
chipsets to push the boundaries of what could be done theyre still making iconic designs
launc hing their third generation at the start of however it was bragis dash that really
caught the imagination in the spring of they broke the kickstarter record for the highest
funded campaign to date raising over million for their dash wireless earbuds it was an
amazing piece of engineering which promised to cram almost every feature you could think
of into a pair of earbuds it raised the bar of what you can do with something in your ear
opening up a whol e new market sector for which i coined the name hearables it was a
massively ambitio us concept and t o their credit they managed to ship the dash despite an
enthusiastic following it showed that its not enough to just integrate the technology you
need to find a use for it despite providing an sdk for software developers the dash failed
to gain enough traction with consumers in the following two years other crowdfunded
projects dreamt up even more complexity and managed to attract around million dollars
of funding many failed to deliver coming to realise just how hard it is to cram that amount
of technology into a small earbud hardware is hard most of these startups fell by the
wayside and even bragi was forced to make the difficu lt decision to move out of hardware
selling its product range and concentrating on embedded operating systems for other
mainstream audio products
gradually bigger names started to dip their toes into the hearables pond utilizing their deeper
resource s to make these difficult products then in september apple launched its
airpods although initially derided by many journalists consumers loved them in just two
years they became the fastest selling consumer product ever and h ave sold over million
pairs since they were launched other brands rapidly followed on with chinas chip vendors
jumping on the bandwagon back in when bragi and earin were setting out the future
of the market there were only four or five sil icon vendors making bluetooth audio chipsets
today there are over thirty despite supply chain problems it is estimate d that around
million earbuds were shipped in with a prediction that the number will double by the
end of those figur es are for earbuds based on the classic hfp and adp profiles as
new bluetooth le audio products start to ship with their additional functionality broadcast
features and enhanced battery life the numbers are likely to exceed those predictions
however wireless audio is not just about earbuds most of the growth in bluetooth audio has
been driven by music streaming which in turn has been driven by the ready avail ability of
content from services like spotify apple music and amazon prime music the arrival of
streaming video has been equally popular with wireless earbuds becoming the device of choice
for listening consumers like ease of use and in most cases t hat translates into consuming
section the hearing aid legacy
content not generating it themselves although applications like tiktok are showing that if
content generation can be made simple and amusing users will produce and share their own
in this evolution voice mainly the prese rve of voice calls had looked as if it was becoming
the poor relati on that changed when amazon launched alexa despite reservations
consumers started talking to the internet since then voice recognition has seen a renaissance
to the point where mo st home appliances now want to talk to us and for us to talk to them
those applications are likely to grow with the introduction of the new features supported by
bluetooth le audio which are covered in this book with broadcast topologies and the
ability to prioritise which devices can talk to you it becomes possible to add extra functionality
and new opportunities to voice to machine communication it may be the saviour of the
smart home industry
the speed of development surrounding th e introductio n of earbuds and apples airpods in
particular has been amazing we have seen many new companies developing bluetooth audio
chips advances in miniature audio transducers and mems microphones along with a
massive growth in the number of companies prov iding advanced audio algorithms to enable
features like active noise cancellation echo cancellation spatial sound and frequency
balancing
although the hands free profile and adp continue to serve us well both were designed for
a simple peer topeer topology referred to as bluetooth classic audio their design assumes
a single connection between two devices where each individual audio data packet is
acknowledged that doesnt work if there are two separate devices that want to receive the
audio stream because of that todays stereo earbuds depend on proprietary solutions which
generally involve the addition of a second radio to communicate between the left and r ight
earbuds to ensure that both of them play the audio at the right time another limitation is that
the hands free profile was not designed for the wide range of cellular and voice over ip
telephony applications we use today having just these two independent dedicated audio
profiles has led to multi profile problems when users want to swap from one application to
another thats before you add in new requirements which have emerged for concurrent voice
control and shared audio
were all using wireless audio more frequently throughout our daily lives whether thats to
talk to each other or insulate ourselves from the outside wor ld to support this change in
behaviour we need to think less about connections between individual devices that are
norma lly used together like a headset and the phone instead we need to be far more aware
of a wider audio ecosystem where we have different devices that we might wear on our ears
during the course of a day constantly listening to and changing what they do with other
mems stands for microelectromechanical systems which in this case refers to microphones which
have been made by etching physical structures into a silicon wafer i ts a very efficient way of making
small highly accurate sensors
chapter the background and heritage
devices for that to work seamlessly control needs to become far more flexible this is the
background that led to the development of bluetooth le audio
the bluetooth sig realised that the ir audio specifications needed to evolve and adapt both
to cope with current requirements and also to look to the increasingly diverse range of things
were doing with audio as well as what we can expect to appear over the next years there
are some very similar requirements that come up in many of the use cases designers want
lower power not just for extended battery life but to be able to support more processing for