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LeAudio

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care home that requirement lies on a spectrum which extends to the provision of a
broadcast replacement for the current telecoil induction loops this required a bluetooth
broadcast transmitter which could broadcast mono or stereo audio streams capable of being
received by any number of hearing aids which are within range as shown in figure
section the use cases
figure a bro adcast topology to replace telecoil infrastructure
figure also recognises the fact that some people have hearing loss in only one ear whereas
other s have hearing loss in both which may often be different levels of hearing loss that
means that it should be possible to broadcast stereo signals at the same time as mono signals
it also highlights the fact that a user may wear hearing aids from two different companies to
cope with those differences or a hearing aid in one ear and a consumer earbud in the other
coordinating left and right hearing aids
whatever the combination it should be possible to treat a pair of hearing aids as a single set
of devices so that both connect to the same audio source and common features like volume
control work on both of them in a consistent manner this introduced the concept of
coordination where different devices which may come from different manufacturers would
accept control commands at the same time and interpret them in the same way
help with finding broadcasts and encryption
with telecoil users have only o ne option to obtain a signal turn their telecoil receiver on
which picks up audio from the induction loop that surrounds them or turn it off only one
telecoil signal can be present in an area so you dont have to choose which signal you want
on the other hand that means you cant do things like broadcast multiple languages at the
same time
with bluetooth multiple broadcast transmitters c an operate in the same area that has
obvious advantages but introduces two new problems how do you pick up the right audio
stream and how do you prevent others from listening in to a private conversation
to help choose the correct stream its imp ortant that users can find out information about
what they are so they can jump straight to their preferred choice the richness of that
experience will obviously differ depending upon how the search for the broadcast streams is
implemented either on th e hearing aid or on a phone or remote control but the
specification needs to cover all of those possibilities many public broadcasts wouldnt need
chapter the bluetooth le audio architecture
to be private as they reinforce public audio announcements but others would in
environments like the h ome you wouldnt want to pick up your neighbours tv therefore
it is important that the audio streams c an be encrypted requiring the ability to distribute
encryption keys to authorised users that process has to be secure but easy to do
as well as the low latency emulating current hearing aid usage added some other constraints
where the user wears two hearing aids regardless of whether they are receiving the same
mono or stereo audio streams they need to render the audio within µs of each ot her to
ensure that the audio image stays stable thats equally true for stereo earbuds but is
challenging when the left and right devices may come from different manufacturers
practical requirements
hearing aids are very small which means they have ve ry limited space for buttons they are
worn by all ages but some older wearers have limited manual dexterity so its important that
controls for adjusting volume and making connections can be implemented on other
devices which are easier to use that may be the audio source typically the users phone
but its common for hearing aid users to have small keyfob like remote controls as well
these have the advantage that they work instantly if you want to reduce the volume of
your hearing aid you jus t press the volume or mute button you dont need to enable the
phone find the hearing aid app and control it from there that can take too long and is not
a user experience that most hearing aid users appreciate they need a volume and mute
control met hod which is quick and convenient otherwise theyll take their hearing aid out of
their ear which is not the desired behaviour
there is another hearing aid requirement around volume which is that the volume level
actually the gain should be impleme nted on the hearing aid the rationale for this is if the
audio streams are transmitted at line level you get the maximum dynamic range to work with
for a hearing aid which is processing the sound it is important that the incoming signal
provides th e best possible signal to noise ratio particularly if it is being mixed with an audio
stream from ambient microphones if the gain of the audio is reduced at the source it result s
in a lower signal to noise ratio
an important difference between hearing aids and earbuds or headphones is that hearing aids
are worn most of the time and are constantly active amplifying and adapting the ambient
sound to help the wearer hear more clearly users dont regularly take them off and pop them
back in a charging c ase the typical time a pair of hearing aids is worn each day is around nine
and a half hours although some users may wear them for fifteen hours or more thats very
line level is an audio engineer ing term referring to a standardised output level which is fed into an
amplifier in its general sense it refer s to a signal which has been set so that ma ximum volume of the
audio volume would correspond to the full range of the output signal ie it makes full use of the
available dynamic range
section the use cases
different from earbuds and headphones which are only worn when the user is about to m ake
or take a phone call or listen to audio earbud manufacturers have been very clever with the
design of their charging cases to encourage users to regularly recharge the ir earbuds during the
course of a day giving the impression of a much greater bat tery life hearing aids dont have
that option so designers need to do everything they can to minimise power consumption
one of the things that takes up power is looking for other devices and maintaining background
connections earbuds get clear signal s about when to do this its when theyre taken out of
the charging box most also contain optical sensors to detect when they are in the ear so they
can go back to sleep if theyre on your desk hearing aids dont get the same unambiguous
signal to start a bluetooth connection as theyre always on constantly working as hearing aids
that implies that they need to maintain ongoing bluetooth connections with other devices
while theyre waiting for something to happen th ese can be low duty cycle connections but
not too low otherwise the hearing aid might miss an incoming call or take too long to respond
to a music streaming app being started because a hearing aid may connect to multiple
different devices for example a tv a phone or even a doorbell connections like this would
drain too much power so there was a requirement for a new mechanism to allow them to
make fast connections with a range of different products without killing the battery life
core requirements to support th e hearing aid use cases
having defined the requirements for topology and connections it became obvious that a
significant number of new features needed to be added to the core specification to support
them this led to a second round of work to determine how best to meet the hearing aid
requirements in the core
the first part of the process was an analysis of whether the new features could be supported
by extending the existing bluetooth audio specifications rather than introducing a new audio
streaming capability into bluetooth low energy if that w ere possible it w ould have provide d
backwards compatibility with current audio profiles the conclusion similar to an analysis
that had been performed when bluetooth le was first developed was that it wou ld involve