INSTRUCTION stringlengths 1 46.3k | RESPONSE stringlengths 75 80.2k |
|---|---|
Convert the `ETags` object into a python set. Per default all the
weak etags are not part of this set. | def as_set(self, include_weak=False):
"""Convert the `ETags` object into a python set. Per default all the
weak etags are not part of this set."""
rv = set(self._strong)
if include_weak:
rv.update(self._weak)
return rv |
Convert the etags set into a HTTP header string. | def to_header(self):
"""Convert the etags set into a HTTP header string."""
if self.star_tag:
return "*"
return ", ".join(
['"%s"' % x for x in self._strong] + ['W/"%s"' % x for x in self._weak]
) |
Converts the object back into an HTTP header. | def to_header(self):
"""Converts the object back into an HTTP header."""
if self.date is not None:
return http_date(self.date)
if self.etag is not None:
return quote_etag(self.etag)
return "" |
If the range is for bytes, the length is not None and there is
exactly one range and it is satisfiable it returns a ``(start, stop)``
tuple, otherwise `None`. | def range_for_length(self, length):
"""If the range is for bytes, the length is not None and there is
exactly one range and it is satisfiable it returns a ``(start, stop)``
tuple, otherwise `None`.
"""
if self.units != "bytes" or length is None or len(self.ranges) != 1:
... |
Creates a :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ContentRange` object
from the current range and given content length. | def make_content_range(self, length):
"""Creates a :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ContentRange` object
from the current range and given content length.
"""
rng = self.range_for_length(length)
if rng is not None:
return ContentRange(self.units, rng[0], rng[1], length... |
Converts the object back into an HTTP header. | def to_header(self):
"""Converts the object back into an HTTP header."""
ranges = []
for begin, end in self.ranges:
if end is None:
ranges.append("%s-" % begin if begin >= 0 else str(begin))
else:
ranges.append("%s-%s" % (begin, end - 1))
... |
Converts the object into `Content-Range` HTTP header,
based on given length | def to_content_range_header(self, length):
"""Converts the object into `Content-Range` HTTP header,
based on given length
"""
range_for_length = self.range_for_length(length)
if range_for_length is not None:
return "%s %d-%d/%d" % (
self.units,
... |
Clear the auth info and enable digest auth. | def set_digest(
self, realm, nonce, qop=("auth",), opaque=None, algorithm=None, stale=False
):
"""Clear the auth info and enable digest auth."""
d = {
"__auth_type__": "digest",
"realm": realm,
"nonce": nonce,
"qop": dump_header(qop),
}... |
Convert the stored values into a WWW-Authenticate header. | def to_header(self):
"""Convert the stored values into a WWW-Authenticate header."""
d = dict(self)
auth_type = d.pop("__auth_type__", None) or "basic"
return "%s %s" % (
auth_type.title(),
", ".join(
[
"%s=%s"
... |
A static helper function for subclasses to add extra authentication
system properties onto a class::
class FooAuthenticate(WWWAuthenticate):
special_realm = auth_property('special_realm')
For more information have a look at the sourcecode to see how the
regular prop... | def auth_property(name, doc=None): # noqa: B902
"""A static helper function for subclasses to add extra authentication
system properties onto a class::
class FooAuthenticate(WWWAuthenticate):
special_realm = auth_property('special_realm')
For more information have ... |
Save the file to a destination path or file object. If the
destination is a file object you have to close it yourself after the
call. The buffer size is the number of bytes held in memory during
the copy process. It defaults to 16KB.
For secure file saving also have a look at :func:`... | def save(self, dst, buffer_size=16384):
"""Save the file to a destination path or file object. If the
destination is a file object you have to close it yourself after the
call. The buffer size is the number of bytes held in memory during
the copy process. It defaults to 16KB.
... |
Enforce that the WSGI response is a response object of the current
type. Werkzeug will use the :class:`BaseResponse` internally in many
situations like the exceptions. If you call :meth:`get_response` on an
exception you will get back a regular :class:`BaseResponse` object, even
if you... | def force_type(cls, response, environ=None):
"""Enforce that the WSGI response is a response object of the current
type. Werkzeug will use the :class:`BaseResponse` internally in many
situations like the exceptions. If you call :meth:`get_response` on an
exception you will get back a r... |
Create a new response object from an application output. This
works best if you pass it an application that returns a generator all
the time. Sometimes applications may use the `write()` callable
returned by the `start_response` function. This tries to resolve such
edge cases automati... | def from_app(cls, app, environ, buffered=False):
"""Create a new response object from an application output. This
works best if you pass it an application that returns a generator all
the time. Sometimes applications may use the `write()` callable
returned by the `start_response` funct... |
Returns the content length if available or `None` otherwise. | def calculate_content_length(self):
"""Returns the content length if available or `None` otherwise."""
try:
self._ensure_sequence()
except RuntimeError:
return None
return sum(len(x) for x in self.iter_encoded()) |
Converts the response iterator in a list. By default this happens
automatically if required. If `implicit_sequence_conversion` is
disabled, this method is not automatically called and some properties
might raise exceptions. This also encodes all the items.
.. versionadded:: 0.6 | def make_sequence(self):
"""Converts the response iterator in a list. By default this happens
automatically if required. If `implicit_sequence_conversion` is
disabled, this method is not automatically called and some properties
might raise exceptions. This also encodes all the items.
... |
Close the wrapped response if possible. You can also use the object
in a with statement which will automatically close it.
.. versionadded:: 0.9
Can now be used in a with statement. | def close(self):
"""Close the wrapped response if possible. You can also use the object
in a with statement which will automatically close it.
.. versionadded:: 0.9
Can now be used in a with statement.
"""
if hasattr(self.response, "close"):
self.response... |
Sets a cookie. The parameters are the same as in the cookie `Morsel`
object in the Python standard library but it accepts unicode data, too.
A warning is raised if the size of the cookie header exceeds
:attr:`max_cookie_size`, but the header will still be set.
:param key: the key (name... | def set_cookie(
self,
key,
value="",
max_age=None,
expires=None,
path="/",
domain=None,
secure=False,
httponly=False,
samesite=None,
):
"""Sets a cookie. The parameters are the same as in the cookie `Morsel`
object in th... |
Returns the final WSGI response as tuple. The first item in
the tuple is the application iterator, the second the status and
the third the list of headers. The response returned is created
specially for the given environment. For example if the request
method in the WSGI environment i... | def get_wsgi_response(self, environ):
"""Returns the final WSGI response as tuple. The first item in
the tuple is the application iterator, the second the status and
the third the list of headers. The response returned is created
specially for the given environment. For example if the... |
Returns a binary digest for the PBKDF2 hash algorithm of `data`
with the given `salt`. It iterates `iterations` times and produces a
key of `keylen` bytes. By default, SHA-256 is used as hash function;
a different hashlib `hashfunc` can be provided.
.. versionadded:: 0.9
:param data: the data to d... | def pbkdf2_bin(
data, salt, iterations=DEFAULT_PBKDF2_ITERATIONS, keylen=None, hashfunc=None
):
"""Returns a binary digest for the PBKDF2 hash algorithm of `data`
with the given `salt`. It iterates `iterations` times and produces a
key of `keylen` bytes. By default, SHA-256 is used as hash function;
... |
Internal password hash helper. Supports plaintext without salt,
unsalted and salted passwords. In case salted passwords are used
hmac is used. | def _hash_internal(method, salt, password):
"""Internal password hash helper. Supports plaintext without salt,
unsalted and salted passwords. In case salted passwords are used
hmac is used.
"""
if method == "plain":
return password, method
if isinstance(password, text_type):
p... |
Safely join `directory` and one or more untrusted `pathnames`. If this
cannot be done, this function returns ``None``.
:param directory: the base directory.
:param pathnames: the untrusted pathnames relative to that directory. | def safe_join(directory, *pathnames):
"""Safely join `directory` and one or more untrusted `pathnames`. If this
cannot be done, this function returns ``None``.
:param directory: the base directory.
:param pathnames: the untrusted pathnames relative to that directory.
"""
parts = [directory]
... |
Generates an adhoc SSL context for the development server. | def generate_adhoc_ssl_context():
"""Generates an adhoc SSL context for the development server."""
crypto = _get_openssl_crypto_module()
import tempfile
import atexit
cert, pkey = generate_adhoc_ssl_pair()
cert_handle, cert_file = tempfile.mkstemp()
pkey_handle, pkey_file = tempfile.mkstemp... |
Loads SSL context from cert/private key files and optional protocol.
Many parameters are directly taken from the API of
:py:class:`ssl.SSLContext`.
:param cert_file: Path of the certificate to use.
:param pkey_file: Path of the private key to use. If not given, the key
will be obt... | def load_ssl_context(cert_file, pkey_file=None, protocol=None):
"""Loads SSL context from cert/private key files and optional protocol.
Many parameters are directly taken from the API of
:py:class:`ssl.SSLContext`.
:param cert_file: Path of the certificate to use.
:param pkey_file: Path of the priv... |
Checks if the given error (or the current one) is an SSL error. | def is_ssl_error(error=None):
"""Checks if the given error (or the current one) is an SSL error."""
exc_types = (ssl.SSLError,)
try:
from OpenSSL.SSL import Error
exc_types += (Error,)
except ImportError:
pass
if error is None:
error = sys.exc_info()[1]
return i... |
Return ``AF_INET4``, ``AF_INET6``, or ``AF_UNIX`` depending on
the host and port. | def select_address_family(host, port):
"""Return ``AF_INET4``, ``AF_INET6``, or ``AF_UNIX`` depending on
the host and port."""
# disabled due to problems with current ipv6 implementations
# and various operating systems. Probably this code also is
# not supposed to work, but I can't come up with an... |
Return a fully qualified socket address that can be passed to
:func:`socket.bind`. | def get_sockaddr(host, port, family):
"""Return a fully qualified socket address that can be passed to
:func:`socket.bind`."""
if family == af_unix:
return host.split("://", 1)[1]
try:
res = socket.getaddrinfo(
host, port, family, socket.SOCK_STREAM, socket.IPPROTO_TCP
... |
Start a WSGI application. Optional features include a reloader,
multithreading and fork support.
This function has a command-line interface too::
python -m werkzeug.serving --help
.. versionadded:: 0.5
`static_files` was added to simplify serving of static files as well
as `passthro... | def run_simple(
hostname,
port,
application,
use_reloader=False,
use_debugger=False,
use_evalex=True,
extra_files=None,
reloader_interval=1,
reloader_type="auto",
threaded=False,
processes=1,
request_handler=None,
static_files=None,
passthrough_errors=False,
s... |
A simple command-line interface for :py:func:`run_simple`. | def main():
"""A simple command-line interface for :py:func:`run_simple`."""
# in contrast to argparse, this works at least under Python < 2.7
import optparse
from .utils import import_string
parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage="Usage: %prog [options] app_module:app_object")
parser.add_option... |
Handles a request ignoring dropped connections. | def handle(self):
"""Handles a request ignoring dropped connections."""
rv = None
try:
rv = BaseHTTPRequestHandler.handle(self)
except (_ConnectionError, socket.timeout) as e:
self.connection_dropped(e)
except Exception as e:
if self.server.ssl... |
A horrible, horrible way to kill the server for Python 2.6 and
later. It's the best we can do. | def initiate_shutdown(self):
"""A horrible, horrible way to kill the server for Python 2.6 and
later. It's the best we can do.
"""
# Windows does not provide SIGKILL, go with SIGTERM then.
sig = getattr(signal, "SIGKILL", signal.SIGTERM)
# reloader active
if is_r... |
Handle a single HTTP request. | def handle_one_request(self):
"""Handle a single HTTP request."""
self.raw_requestline = self.rfile.readline()
if not self.raw_requestline:
self.close_connection = 1
elif self.parse_request():
return self.run_wsgi() |
Send the response header and log the response code. | def send_response(self, code, message=None):
"""Send the response header and log the response code."""
self.log_request(code)
if message is None:
message = code in self.responses and self.responses[code][0] or ""
if self.request_version != "HTTP/0.9":
hdr = "%s %d... |
Get an iterable list of key/value pairs representing headers.
This function provides Python 2/3 compatibility as related to the
parsing of request headers. Python 2.7 is not compliant with
RFC 3875 Section 4.1.18 which requires multiple values for headers
to be provided. This function w... | def get_header_items(self):
"""
Get an iterable list of key/value pairs representing headers.
This function provides Python 2/3 compatibility as related to the
parsing of request headers. Python 2.7 is not compliant with
RFC 3875 Section 4.1.18 which requires multiple values for... |
Check if there is a handler in the logging chain that will handle
the given logger's effective level. | def _has_level_handler(logger):
"""Check if there is a handler in the logging chain that will handle
the given logger's effective level.
"""
level = logger.getEffectiveLevel()
current = logger
while current:
if any(handler.level <= level for handler in current.handlers):
ret... |
Log a message to the 'werkzeug' logger.
The logger is created the first time it is needed. If there is no
level set, it is set to :data:`logging.INFO`. If there is no handler
for the logger's effective level, a :class:`logging.StreamHandler`
is added. | def _log(type, message, *args, **kwargs):
"""Log a message to the 'werkzeug' logger.
The logger is created the first time it is needed. If there is no
level set, it is set to :data:`logging.INFO`. If there is no handler
for the logger's effective level, a :class:`logging.StreamHandler`
is added.
... |
Return a signature object for the function. | def _parse_signature(func):
"""Return a signature object for the function."""
if hasattr(func, "im_func"):
func = func.im_func
# if we have a cached validator for this function, return it
parse = _signature_cache.get(func)
if parse is not None:
return parse
# inspect the functi... |
Converts a timetuple, integer or datetime object into the seconds from
epoch in utc. | def _date_to_unix(arg):
"""Converts a timetuple, integer or datetime object into the seconds from
epoch in utc.
"""
if isinstance(arg, datetime):
arg = arg.utctimetuple()
elif isinstance(arg, integer_types + (float,)):
return int(arg)
year, month, day, hour, minute, second = arg[... |
Lowlevel cookie parsing facility that operates on bytes. | def _cookie_parse_impl(b):
"""Lowlevel cookie parsing facility that operates on bytes."""
i = 0
n = len(b)
while i < n:
match = _cookie_re.search(b + b";", i)
if not match:
break
key = match.group("key").strip()
value = match.group("val") or b""
i = ... |
Like the name says. But who knows how it works? | def _easteregg(app=None):
"""Like the name says. But who knows how it works?"""
def bzzzzzzz(gyver):
import base64
import zlib
return zlib.decompress(base64.b64decode(gyver)).decode("ascii")
gyver = u"\n".join(
[
x + (77 - len(x)) * u" "
for x in b... |
Given an application object this returns a semi-stable 9 digit pin
code and a random key. The hope is that this is stable between
restarts to not make debugging particularly frustrating. If the pin
was forcefully disabled this returns `None`.
Second item in the resulting tuple is the cookie name for ... | def get_pin_and_cookie_name(app):
"""Given an application object this returns a semi-stable 9 digit pin
code and a random key. The hope is that this is stable between
restarts to not make debugging particularly frustrating. If the pin
was forcefully disabled this returns `None`.
Second item in th... |
The name of the pin cookie. | def pin_cookie_name(self):
"""The name of the pin cookie."""
if not hasattr(self, "_pin_cookie"):
self._pin, self._pin_cookie = get_pin_and_cookie_name(self.app)
return self._pin_cookie |
Execute a command in a console. | def execute_command(self, request, command, frame):
"""Execute a command in a console."""
return Response(frame.console.eval(command), mimetype="text/html") |
Display a standalone shell. | def display_console(self, request):
"""Display a standalone shell."""
if 0 not in self.frames:
if self.console_init_func is None:
ns = {}
else:
ns = dict(self.console_init_func())
ns.setdefault("app", self.app)
self.frames[0... |
Return a static resource from the shared folder. | def get_resource(self, request, filename):
"""Return a static resource from the shared folder."""
filename = join("shared", basename(filename))
try:
data = pkgutil.get_data(__package__, filename)
except OSError:
data = None
if data is not None:
... |
Checks if the request passed the pin test. This returns `True` if the
request is trusted on a pin/cookie basis and returns `False` if not.
Additionally if the cookie's stored pin hash is wrong it will return
`None` so that appropriate action can be taken. | def check_pin_trust(self, environ):
"""Checks if the request passed the pin test. This returns `True` if the
request is trusted on a pin/cookie basis and returns `False` if not.
Additionally if the cookie's stored pin hash is wrong it will return
`None` so that appropriate action can be... |
Authenticates with the pin. | def pin_auth(self, request):
"""Authenticates with the pin."""
exhausted = False
auth = False
trust = self.check_pin_trust(request.environ)
# If the trust return value is `None` it means that the cookie is
# set but the stored pin hash value is bad. This means that the
... |
Log the pin if needed. | def log_pin_request(self):
"""Log the pin if needed."""
if self.pin_logging and self.pin is not None:
_log(
"info", " * To enable the debugger you need to enter the security pin:"
)
_log("info", " * Debugger pin code: %s" % self.pin)
return Res... |
r"""Unquotes a header value. (Reversal of :func:`quote_header_value`).
This does not use the real unquoting but what browsers are actually
using for quoting.
.. versionadded:: 0.5
:param value: the header value to unquote. | def unquote_header_value(value, is_filename=False):
r"""Unquotes a header value. (Reversal of :func:`quote_header_value`).
This does not use the real unquoting but what browsers are actually
using for quoting.
.. versionadded:: 0.5
:param value: the header value to unquote.
"""
if value a... |
The reverse function to :func:`parse_options_header`.
:param header: the header to dump
:param options: a dict of options to append. | def dump_options_header(header, options):
"""The reverse function to :func:`parse_options_header`.
:param header: the header to dump
:param options: a dict of options to append.
"""
segments = []
if header is not None:
segments.append(header)
for key, value in iteritems(options):
... |
Dump an HTTP header again. This is the reversal of
:func:`parse_list_header`, :func:`parse_set_header` and
:func:`parse_dict_header`. This also quotes strings that include an
equals sign unless you pass it as dict of key, value pairs.
>>> dump_header({'foo': 'bar baz'})
'foo="bar baz"'
>>> du... | def dump_header(iterable, allow_token=True):
"""Dump an HTTP header again. This is the reversal of
:func:`parse_list_header`, :func:`parse_set_header` and
:func:`parse_dict_header`. This also quotes strings that include an
equals sign unless you pass it as dict of key, value pairs.
>>> dump_heade... |
Parse lists of key, value pairs as described by RFC 2068 Section 2 and
convert them into a python dict (or any other mapping object created from
the type with a dict like interface provided by the `cls` argument):
>>> d = parse_dict_header('foo="is a fish", bar="as well"')
>>> type(d) is dict
True
... | def parse_dict_header(value, cls=dict):
"""Parse lists of key, value pairs as described by RFC 2068 Section 2 and
convert them into a python dict (or any other mapping object created from
the type with a dict like interface provided by the `cls` argument):
>>> d = parse_dict_header('foo="is a fish", ba... |
Parse a ``Content-Type`` like header into a tuple with the content
type and the options:
>>> parse_options_header('text/html; charset=utf8')
('text/html', {'charset': 'utf8'})
This should not be used to parse ``Cache-Control`` like headers that use
a slightly different format. For these headers u... | def parse_options_header(value, multiple=False):
"""Parse a ``Content-Type`` like header into a tuple with the content
type and the options:
>>> parse_options_header('text/html; charset=utf8')
('text/html', {'charset': 'utf8'})
This should not be used to parse ``Cache-Control`` like headers that u... |
Parses an HTTP Accept-* header. This does not implement a complete
valid algorithm but one that supports at least value and quality
extraction.
Returns a new :class:`Accept` object (basically a list of ``(value, quality)``
tuples sorted by the quality with some additional accessor methods).
The s... | def parse_accept_header(value, cls=None):
"""Parses an HTTP Accept-* header. This does not implement a complete
valid algorithm but one that supports at least value and quality
extraction.
Returns a new :class:`Accept` object (basically a list of ``(value, quality)``
tuples sorted by the quality w... |
Parse a cache control header. The RFC differs between response and
request cache control, this method does not. It's your responsibility
to not use the wrong control statements.
.. versionadded:: 0.5
The `cls` was added. If not specified an immutable
:class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.Reques... | def parse_cache_control_header(value, on_update=None, cls=None):
"""Parse a cache control header. The RFC differs between response and
request cache control, this method does not. It's your responsibility
to not use the wrong control statements.
.. versionadded:: 0.5
The `cls` was added. If n... |
Parse a set-like header and return a
:class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.HeaderSet` object:
>>> hs = parse_set_header('token, "quoted value"')
The return value is an object that treats the items case-insensitively
and keeps the order of the items:
>>> 'TOKEN' in hs
True
>>> hs.index('quoted ... | def parse_set_header(value, on_update=None):
"""Parse a set-like header and return a
:class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.HeaderSet` object:
>>> hs = parse_set_header('token, "quoted value"')
The return value is an object that treats the items case-insensitively
and keeps the order of the items:
... |
Parse an HTTP basic/digest authorization header transmitted by the web
browser. The return value is either `None` if the header was invalid or
not given, otherwise an :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.Authorization`
object.
:param value: the authorization header to parse.
:return: a :class:`~werkze... | def parse_authorization_header(value):
"""Parse an HTTP basic/digest authorization header transmitted by the web
browser. The return value is either `None` if the header was invalid or
not given, otherwise an :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.Authorization`
object.
:param value: the authorization h... |
Parse an HTTP WWW-Authenticate header into a
:class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.WWWAuthenticate` object.
:param value: a WWW-Authenticate header to parse.
:param on_update: an optional callable that is called every time a value
on the :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.WWWAuthenticate`
... | def parse_www_authenticate_header(value, on_update=None):
"""Parse an HTTP WWW-Authenticate header into a
:class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.WWWAuthenticate` object.
:param value: a WWW-Authenticate header to parse.
:param on_update: an optional callable that is called every time a value
... |
Parses an if-range header which can be an etag or a date. Returns
a :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.IfRange` object.
.. versionadded:: 0.7 | def parse_if_range_header(value):
"""Parses an if-range header which can be an etag or a date. Returns
a :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.IfRange` object.
.. versionadded:: 0.7
"""
if not value:
return IfRange()
date = parse_date(value)
if date is not None:
return IfRange(d... |
Parse one of the following date formats into a datetime object:
.. sourcecode:: text
Sun, 06 Nov 1994 08:49:37 GMT ; RFC 822, updated by RFC 1123
Sunday, 06-Nov-94 08:49:37 GMT ; RFC 850, obsoleted by RFC 1036
Sun Nov 6 08:49:37 1994 ; ANSI C's asctime() format
If parsing fail... | def parse_date(value):
"""Parse one of the following date formats into a datetime object:
.. sourcecode:: text
Sun, 06 Nov 1994 08:49:37 GMT ; RFC 822, updated by RFC 1123
Sunday, 06-Nov-94 08:49:37 GMT ; RFC 850, obsoleted by RFC 1036
Sun Nov 6 08:49:37 1994 ; ANSI C's asctime... |
Used for `http_date` and `cookie_date`. | def _dump_date(d, delim):
"""Used for `http_date` and `cookie_date`."""
if d is None:
d = gmtime()
elif isinstance(d, datetime):
d = d.utctimetuple()
elif isinstance(d, (integer_types, float)):
d = gmtime(d)
return "%s, %02d%s%s%s%s %02d:%02d:%02d GMT" % (
("Mon", "Tu... |
Parses a base-10 integer count of seconds into a timedelta.
If parsing fails, the return value is `None`.
:param value: a string consisting of an integer represented in base-10
:return: a :class:`datetime.timedelta` object or `None`. | def parse_age(value=None):
"""Parses a base-10 integer count of seconds into a timedelta.
If parsing fails, the return value is `None`.
:param value: a string consisting of an integer represented in base-10
:return: a :class:`datetime.timedelta` object or `None`.
"""
if not value:
retu... |
Formats the duration as a base-10 integer.
:param age: should be an integer number of seconds,
a :class:`datetime.timedelta` object, or,
if the age is unknown, `None` (default). | def dump_age(age=None):
"""Formats the duration as a base-10 integer.
:param age: should be an integer number of seconds,
a :class:`datetime.timedelta` object, or,
if the age is unknown, `None` (default).
"""
if age is None:
return
if isinstance(age, timedelt... |
Convenience method for conditional requests.
:param environ: the WSGI environment of the request to be checked.
:param etag: the etag for the response for comparison.
:param data: or alternatively the data of the response to automatically
generate an etag using :func:`generate_etag`.
:... | def is_resource_modified(
environ, etag=None, data=None, last_modified=None, ignore_if_range=True
):
"""Convenience method for conditional requests.
:param environ: the WSGI environment of the request to be checked.
:param etag: the etag for the response for comparison.
:param data: or alternativel... |
Remove all entity headers from a list or :class:`Headers` object. This
operation works in-place. `Expires` and `Content-Location` headers are
by default not removed. The reason for this is :rfc:`2616` section
10.3.5 which specifies some entity headers that should be sent.
.. versionchanged:: 0.5
... | def remove_entity_headers(headers, allowed=("expires", "content-location")):
"""Remove all entity headers from a list or :class:`Headers` object. This
operation works in-place. `Expires` and `Content-Location` headers are
by default not removed. The reason for this is :rfc:`2616` section
10.3.5 which... |
Remove all HTTP/1.1 "Hop-by-Hop" headers from a list or
:class:`Headers` object. This operation works in-place.
.. versionadded:: 0.5
:param headers: a list or :class:`Headers` object. | def remove_hop_by_hop_headers(headers):
"""Remove all HTTP/1.1 "Hop-by-Hop" headers from a list or
:class:`Headers` object. This operation works in-place.
.. versionadded:: 0.5
:param headers: a list or :class:`Headers` object.
"""
headers[:] = [
(key, value) for key, value in headers... |
Parse a cookie. Either from a string or WSGI environ.
Per default encoding errors are ignored. If you want a different behavior
you can set `errors` to ``'replace'`` or ``'strict'``. In strict mode a
:exc:`HTTPUnicodeError` is raised.
.. versionchanged:: 0.5
This function now returns a :clas... | def parse_cookie(header, charset="utf-8", errors="replace", cls=None):
"""Parse a cookie. Either from a string or WSGI environ.
Per default encoding errors are ignored. If you want a different behavior
you can set `errors` to ``'replace'`` or ``'strict'``. In strict mode a
:exc:`HTTPUnicodeError` is... |
Creates a new Set-Cookie header without the ``Set-Cookie`` prefix
The parameters are the same as in the cookie Morsel object in the
Python standard library but it accepts unicode data, too.
On Python 3 the return value of this function will be a unicode
string, on Python 2 it will be a native string. ... | def dump_cookie(
key,
value="",
max_age=None,
expires=None,
path="/",
domain=None,
secure=False,
httponly=False,
charset="utf-8",
sync_expires=True,
max_size=4093,
samesite=None,
):
"""Creates a new Set-Cookie header without the ``Set-Cookie`` prefix
The parameter... |
Checks if a given byte content range is valid for the given length.
.. versionadded:: 0.7 | def is_byte_range_valid(start, stop, length):
"""Checks if a given byte content range is valid for the given length.
.. versionadded:: 0.7
"""
if (start is None) != (stop is None):
return False
elif start is None:
return length is None or length >= 0
elif length is None:
... |
Expose this function to the web layer. | def expose(url_rule, endpoint=None, **kwargs):
"""Expose this function to the web layer."""
def decorate(f):
e = endpoint or f.__name__
endpoints[e] = f
url_map.add(Rule(url_rule, endpoint=e, **kwargs))
return f
return decorate |
Render a template into a response. | def render_template(template_name, **context):
"""Render a template into a response."""
tmpl = jinja_env.get_template(template_name)
context["url_for"] = url_for
return Response(tmpl.render(context), mimetype="text/html") |
Add paragraphs to a text. | def nl2p(s):
"""Add paragraphs to a text."""
return u"\n".join(u"<p>%s</p>" % p for p in _par_re.split(s)) |
Resolve HTML entities and remove tags from a string. | def strip_tags(s):
"""Resolve HTML entities and remove tags from a string."""
def handle_match(m):
name = m.group(1)
if name in html_entities:
return unichr(html_entities[name])
if name[:2] in ("#x", "#X"):
try:
return unichr(int(name[2:], 16))
... |
Check if the mimetype indicates JSON data, either
:mimetype:`application/json` or :mimetype:`application/*+json`. | def is_json(self):
"""Check if the mimetype indicates JSON data, either
:mimetype:`application/json` or :mimetype:`application/*+json`.
"""
mt = self.mimetype
return (
mt == "application/json"
or mt.startswith("application/")
and mt.endswith("+... |
Parse :attr:`data` as JSON.
If the mimetype does not indicate JSON
(:mimetype:`application/json`, see :meth:`is_json`), this
returns ``None``.
If parsing fails, :meth:`on_json_loading_failed` is called and
its return value is used as the return value.
:param force: Ign... | def get_json(self, force=False, silent=False, cache=True):
"""Parse :attr:`data` as JSON.
If the mimetype does not indicate JSON
(:mimetype:`application/json`, see :meth:`is_json`), this
returns ``None``.
If parsing fails, :meth:`on_json_loading_failed` is called and
it... |
Get the real value from a comma-separated header based on the
configured number of trusted proxies.
:param trusted: Number of values to trust in the header.
:param value: Header value to parse.
:return: The real value, or ``None`` if there are fewer values
than the number of... | def _get_trusted_comma(self, trusted, value):
"""Get the real value from a comma-separated header based on the
configured number of trusted proxies.
:param trusted: Number of values to trust in the header.
:param value: Header value to parse.
:return: The real value, or ``None``... |
Performs a synchronization. Articles that are already syncronized aren't
touched anymore. | def sync():
"""
Performs a synchronization. Articles that are already syncronized aren't
touched anymore.
"""
for blog in Blog.query.all():
# parse the feed. feedparser.parse will never given an exception
# but the bozo bit might be defined.
feed = feedparser.parse(blog.feed_... |
Precompile the translation table for a URL encoding function.
Unlike :func:`url_quote`, the generated function only takes the
string to quote.
:param charset: The charset to encode the result with.
:param errors: How to handle encoding errors.
:param safe: An optional sequence of safe characters t... | def _make_fast_url_quote(charset="utf-8", errors="strict", safe="/:", unsafe=""):
"""Precompile the translation table for a URL encoding function.
Unlike :func:`url_quote`, the generated function only takes the
string to quote.
:param charset: The charset to encode the result with.
:param errors: ... |
URL decode a single string with the given `charset` and decode "+" to
whitespace.
Per default encoding errors are ignored. If you want a different behavior
you can set `errors` to ``'replace'`` or ``'strict'``. In strict mode a
:exc:`HTTPUnicodeError` is raised.
:param s: The string to unquote.
... | def url_unquote_plus(s, charset="utf-8", errors="replace"):
"""URL decode a single string with the given `charset` and decode "+" to
whitespace.
Per default encoding errors are ignored. If you want a different behavior
you can set `errors` to ``'replace'`` or ``'strict'``. In strict mode a
:exc:`... |
Used in :func:`uri_to_iri` after unquoting to re-quote any
invalid bytes. | def _codec_error_url_quote(e):
"""Used in :func:`uri_to_iri` after unquoting to re-quote any
invalid bytes.
"""
out = _fast_url_quote(e.object[e.start : e.end])
if PY2:
out = out.decode("utf-8")
return out, e.end |
Join a base URL and a possibly relative URL to form an absolute
interpretation of the latter.
:param base: the base URL for the join operation.
:param url: the URL to join.
:param allow_fragments: indicates whether fragments should be allowed. | def url_join(base, url, allow_fragments=True):
"""Join a base URL and a possibly relative URL to form an absolute
interpretation of the latter.
:param base: the base URL for the join operation.
:param url: the URL to join.
:param allow_fragments: indicates whether fragments should be allowed.
"... |
Works exactly like :attr:`host` but will return a result that
is restricted to ASCII. If it finds a netloc that is not ASCII
it will attempt to idna decode it. This is useful for socket
operations when the URL might include internationalized characters. | def ascii_host(self):
"""Works exactly like :attr:`host` but will return a result that
is restricted to ASCII. If it finds a netloc that is not ASCII
it will attempt to idna decode it. This is useful for socket
operations when the URL might include internationalized characters.
... |
The port in the URL as an integer if it was present, `None`
otherwise. This does not fill in default ports. | def port(self):
"""The port in the URL as an integer if it was present, `None`
otherwise. This does not fill in default ports.
"""
try:
rv = int(to_native(self._split_host()[1]))
if 0 <= rv <= 65535:
return rv
except (ValueError, TypeError... |
Returns a tuple with the location of the file in the form
``(server, location)``. If the netloc is empty in the URL or
points to localhost, it's represented as ``None``.
The `pathformat` by default is autodetection but needs to be set
when working with URLs of a specific system. The s... | def get_file_location(self, pathformat=None):
"""Returns a tuple with the location of the file in the form
``(server, location)``. If the netloc is empty in the URL or
points to localhost, it's represented as ``None``.
The `pathformat` by default is autodetection but needs to be set
... |
Load and generate a template. | def generate_template(template_name, **context):
"""Load and generate a template."""
context.update(href=href, format_datetime=format_datetime)
return template_loader.load(template_name).generate(**context) |
Simple function for URL generation. Position arguments are used for the
URL path and keyword arguments are used for the url parameters. | def href(*args, **kw):
"""
Simple function for URL generation. Position arguments are used for the
URL path and keyword arguments are used for the url parameters.
"""
result = [(request.script_root if request else "") + "/"]
for idx, arg in enumerate(args):
result.append(("/" if idx els... |
Parse a rule and return it as generator. Each iteration yields tuples
in the form ``(converter, arguments, variable)``. If the converter is
`None` it's a static url part, otherwise it's a dynamic one.
:internal: | def parse_rule(rule):
"""Parse a rule and return it as generator. Each iteration yields tuples
in the form ``(converter, arguments, variable)``. If the converter is
`None` it's a static url part, otherwise it's a dynamic one.
:internal:
"""
pos = 0
end = len(rule)
do_match = _rule_re.ma... |
Iterate over all rules and check if the endpoint expects
the arguments provided. This is for example useful if you have
some URLs that expect a language code and others that do not and
you want to wrap the builder a bit so that the current language
code is automatically added if not pro... | def is_endpoint_expecting(self, endpoint, *arguments):
"""Iterate over all rules and check if the endpoint expects
the arguments provided. This is for example useful if you have
some URLs that expect a language code and others that do not and
you want to wrap the builder a bit so that t... |
Iterate over all rules or the rules of an endpoint.
:param endpoint: if provided only the rules for that endpoint
are returned.
:return: an iterator | def iter_rules(self, endpoint=None):
"""Iterate over all rules or the rules of an endpoint.
:param endpoint: if provided only the rules for that endpoint
are returned.
:return: an iterator
"""
self.update()
if endpoint is not None:
re... |
Add a new rule or factory to the map and bind it. Requires that the
rule is not bound to another map.
:param rulefactory: a :class:`Rule` or :class:`RuleFactory` | def add(self, rulefactory):
"""Add a new rule or factory to the map and bind it. Requires that the
rule is not bound to another map.
:param rulefactory: a :class:`Rule` or :class:`RuleFactory`
"""
for rule in rulefactory.get_rules(self):
rule.bind(self)
... |
Return a new :class:`MapAdapter` with the details specified to the
call. Note that `script_name` will default to ``'/'`` if not further
specified or `None`. The `server_name` at least is a requirement
because the HTTP RFC requires absolute URLs for redirects and so all
redirect excepti... | def bind(
self,
server_name,
script_name=None,
subdomain=None,
url_scheme="http",
default_method="GET",
path_info=None,
query_args=None,
):
"""Return a new :class:`MapAdapter` with the details specified to the
call. Note that `script_n... |
Like :meth:`bind` but you can pass it an WSGI environment and it
will fetch the information from that dictionary. Note that because of
limitations in the protocol there is no way to get the current
subdomain and real `server_name` from the environment. If you don't
provide it, Werkzeug... | def bind_to_environ(self, environ, server_name=None, subdomain=None):
"""Like :meth:`bind` but you can pass it an WSGI environment and it
will fetch the information from that dictionary. Note that because of
limitations in the protocol there is no way to get the current
subdomain and re... |
Called before matching and building to keep the compiled rules
in the correct order after things changed. | def update(self):
"""Called before matching and building to keep the compiled rules
in the correct order after things changed.
"""
if not self._remap:
return
with self._remap_lock:
if not self._remap:
return
self._rules.sort(k... |
Does the complete dispatching process. `view_func` is called with
the endpoint and a dict with the values for the view. It should
look up the view function, call it, and return a response object
or WSGI application. http exceptions are not caught by default
so that applications can di... | def dispatch(
self, view_func, path_info=None, method=None, catch_http_exceptions=False
):
"""Does the complete dispatching process. `view_func` is called with
the endpoint and a dict with the values for the view. It should
look up the view function, call it, and return a response ... |
Returns the valid methods that match for a given path.
.. versionadded:: 0.7 | def allowed_methods(self, path_info=None):
"""Returns the valid methods that match for a given path.
.. versionadded:: 0.7
"""
try:
self.match(path_info, method="--")
except MethodNotAllowed as e:
return e.valid_methods
except HTTPException:
... |
Figures out the full host name for the given domain part. The
domain part is a subdomain in case host matching is disabled or
a full host name. | def get_host(self, domain_part):
"""Figures out the full host name for the given domain part. The
domain part is a subdomain in case host matching is disabled or
a full host name.
"""
if self.map.host_matching:
if domain_part is None:
return self.serv... |
A helper that returns the URL to redirect to if it finds one.
This is used for default redirecting only.
:internal: | def get_default_redirect(self, rule, method, values, query_args):
"""A helper that returns the URL to redirect to if it finds one.
This is used for default redirecting only.
:internal:
"""
assert self.map.redirect_defaults
for r in self.map._rules_by_endpoint[rule.endpoi... |
Creates a redirect URL.
:internal: | def make_redirect_url(self, path_info, query_args=None, domain_part=None):
"""Creates a redirect URL.
:internal:
"""
suffix = ""
if query_args:
suffix = "?" + self.encode_query_args(query_args)
return str(
"%s://%s/%s%s"
% (
... |
Helper for :meth:`build`. Returns subdomain and path for the
rule that accepts this endpoint, values and method.
:internal: | def _partial_build(self, endpoint, values, method, append_unknown):
"""Helper for :meth:`build`. Returns subdomain and path for the
rule that accepts this endpoint, values and method.
:internal:
"""
# in case the method is none, try with the default method first
if meth... |
Building URLs works pretty much the other way round. Instead of
`match` you call `build` and pass it the endpoint and a dict of
arguments for the placeholders.
The `build` function also accepts an argument called `force_external`
which, if you set it to `True` will force external URLs.... | def build(
self,
endpoint,
values=None,
method=None,
force_external=False,
append_unknown=True,
):
"""Building URLs works pretty much the other way round. Instead of
`match` you call `build` and pass it the endpoint and a dict of
arguments for... |
Decorator for registering view functions and adding
templates to it. | def export(string, template=None, **extra):
"""
Decorator for registering view functions and adding
templates to it.
"""
def wrapped(f):
endpoint = (f.__module__ + "." + f.__name__)[16:]
if template is not None:
old_f = f
def f(**kwargs):
rv ... |
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