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contrast waveguides. such structures are essential for the dense integration of optical components. excellent performance characteristics are obtained by designing the waveguide intersection regions as low - q resonant cavities with certain symmetries and small radiation loss. a simple analysis, based on coupled mode t... | subdomain_quantum_optics | 0.605367 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:3be76ac3-388b-41cb-9f7b-145ed9f3a9ad> | 55 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T10:35:01.062503 |
operates analogously to an electronic - sampling oscilloscope. the tool is economically constructed by the use of commercially available video cameras and video - enhanced personal computers. an integrated software application operates the tool and displays multiplechannel waveforms. we demonstrate the oscilloscope - s... | subdomain_quantum_optics | 0.613988 | 385 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:3be76ac3-388b-41cb-9f7b-145ed9f3a9ad> | 57 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T10:35:01.064967 |
eastern mineral and environmental resources science center problem : the association of particluar critical mineral resources with certain known mineral deposit types is relatively well established. for example, platinum - group elements with layered mafic - ultramafic intrusions ( e. g., bushveld complex ), rare earth... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.63059 | 342 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:e85996dc-b560-4abd-9ad8-ccf0bbca9c7e> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T10:35:01.120120 |
of like kind ” ( eldredge and cracraft 1980 ). this concept has also been recommended for prokaryotes ( staley 2006 ) and has recently been referred to in several dna barcoding / dna taxonomy studies ( e. g., kelly et al. 2007 ; sarkar et al. 2008 ; monaghan et al. 2009 ). however, there are problems with this concept ... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.602431 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:b3725cc9-c5ff-44ec-b549-2a1459105f20> | 3 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T10:35:01.328688 |
and proposed a pattern - based species concept. adding genetics to the phenetic species concept that defines species as groups of individuals with few or no intermediates, he formulated the genotypic cluster definition according to which a species is a “ genotypic cluster that can overlap without fusing with its siblin... | subdomain_quantum_field_theory | 0.608652 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:b3725cc9-c5ff-44ec-b549-2a1459105f20> | 4 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T10:35:01.330041 |
that purpose ( harrison 1998 ). thus, cohesion is an effect, not a mechanism. based on the “ cohesion mechanisms, ” templeton ( 1989 ) formulated the cohesion species concept, according to which a species is “ the most inclusive group of organisms having the potential for genetic and / or demographic exchangeability. ”... | subdomain_quantum_field_theory | 0.601278 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:b3725cc9-c5ff-44ec-b549-2a1459105f20> | 5 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T10:35:01.331156 |
mutable and immutable objects mutable objects are objects whose state can change. immutable objects are objects whose state never changes after creation. immutable objects have many desirable properties : - immutable objects are thread - safe. threads cannot corrupt what they cannot change. - immutable objects make it ... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.602795 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:2736597f-580a-4de8-9264-5149605d9adf> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T10:35:01.740776 |
key : " s : " = show synset ( semantic ) relations, " w : " = show word ( lexical ) relations display options for sense : ( gloss ) " an example sentence " - s : ( n ) trim, trimness ( a state of arrangement or appearance ) " in good trim " - s : ( n ) trimming, trim, passementerie ( a decoration or adornment on a garm... | subdomain_quantum_optics | 0.610165 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:c39252fb-5feb-444a-a628-eb38d6ea662c> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T10:35:02.335195 |
the uk ' s national physical laboratory ( npl ) is part of a consortium that has been funded half a billion euros by the european commission to develop the potential of graphene along with related materials for applications in computing, batteries and sensors. a light sensitive graphene chip developed at npl the new fu... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.664532 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:638183c2-87c4-45bb-bf38-7ddd5b3667bb> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T10:35:03.136313 |
instructors : jan sykora, czech technical university in prague, czech republic and alister burr, university of york, u. k. the tutorial addresses strategies and principles of phy layer coding and signal processing fully respecting and utilizing knowledge of the network structure. this technique substantially increases ... | subdomain_quantum_information_theory | 0.602055 | 357 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:f41df97a-e258-4502-a6d3-848bd16b0828> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:15.757956 |
introduction to the " family " in the first lesson of the member functions segment of our series, we will take some time to " get to know the family. " i like to call one specific subset of the member functions and operators the " family " functions, because many of their names resemble those of family members. the fun... | subdomain_quantum_simulation | 0.61095 | 472 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:5a9146cb-ffe6-456f-b52d-6d694891b8cc> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:15.840171 |
us 8139059 b2 methods and systems for displaying an image as a virtual representation of an object based upon detected external light are described. an illustrative computer - implemented method includes steps of detecting the ambient light of an environment, such as a room, at a display surface. data representative of... | subdomain_quantum_optics | 0.644257 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:f36c669e-1764-40bb-a094-b07f925ae476> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:16.223202 |
the change in the illumination causes the display of the graphical object on the display to change such that a shadow is displayed on the display in relation to the position of the non - virtual real light relative to the graphical object, wherein the shadow that is displayed on the display changes when the position of... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.639752 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:f36c669e-1764-40bb-a094-b07f925ae476> | 2 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:16.227495 |
scope of the invention. the following summary merely presents some concepts of the invention in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description provided below. in accordance with one or more aspects of the present invention, virtual objects as part of some display device are illuminated by detection of ... | subdomain_quantum_optics | 0.655945 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:f36c669e-1764-40bb-a094-b07f925ae476> | 3 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:16.229684 |
it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural and functional modifications may be made. the features herein are described in the general context of computer - executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. generally, program modules include routines, progr... | subdomain_quantum_computing | 0.618247 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:f36c669e-1764-40bb-a094-b07f925ae476> | 4 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:16.231047 |
may determine whether an object is touching the surface 301, and if the object is not touching, a distance between the object and the surface 301. accordingly, various physical objects ( e. g., fingers, elbows, hands, stylus pens, blocks, etc. ) may be used as physical control members, providing input to the device 300... | subdomain_quantum_optics | 0.610178 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:f36c669e-1764-40bb-a094-b07f925ae476> | 6 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:16.238072 |
the screen edges. light detection analysis is another step for displaying virtual objects and shadowing effects by detecting ambient light in accordance with one or more aspects of the present invention. in this step, a light input bitmap may be converted into a form usable for traditional graphics rendering. with a ca... | subdomain_quantum_optics | 0.614551 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:f36c669e-1764-40bb-a094-b07f925ae476> | 8 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:16.241550 |
‘ n ’ point lights based on the technique of creating directional lights. in still another approach, pre - computed lighting with spherical harmonics may be used. output data from the technique of creating directional lights or creating an environmental map may be compressed using spherical harmonic basis functions. th... | subdomain_quantum_optics | 0.606162 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:f36c669e-1764-40bb-a094-b07f925ae476> | 10 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:16.244268 |
be to take an average of all the light inputs. before the image is displayed, standard techniques for increasing or decreasing the brightness of an image may be used. from light input through rendering, the level of brightness and even the gamma curve of brightness are not necessarily preserved in a realistic fashion. ... | subdomain_quantum_optics | 0.622718 | 341 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:f36c669e-1764-40bb-a094-b07f925ae476> | 11 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:16.245018 |
- a lot of people view - this delta operator, they actually define it. - they say that is equal to the partial with respect to x in - the i direction plus the partial with respect to - y in the j direction. - and then if you wanted to do it into three space - - that ' s not - going to apply to our problem because we on... | subdomain_quantum_field_theory | 0.607876 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:f9a10a24-e79f-4f27-a9b0-edd54247de21> | 1 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:16.558881 |
within the human body. 26 the present critical review was conducted to analyze experimental and clinical reports purporting to show neurotoxic effects attributable to silver absorption, and to identify circumstances under which they might occur in patients fitted with a medical device with silver antibiotic content or ... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.622263 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:eb035989-6ca8-4e7c-abf6-6b1fb22ca4b2> | 3 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:17.407170 |
( also called abscondence ) is obscuring something from view or rendering it inconspicuous, the opposite of exposure. a military term is ccd : camouflage, concealment and deception ( looks the same as the surroundings, cannot be seen, looks like something else, respectively ) ; in a wider sense the other two are also f... | subdomain_quantum_cryptography | 0.642854 | 375 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:7c8a27dc-d91e-4b07-ae5c-7f5e3a4dbea9> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:17.706044 |
mar. 28, 2011 new insights into why and how nanowires take the form they do promise to have profound implications for the development of future electronic components. phd student peter krogstrup from the nano - science center at the university of copenhagen is behind the new theoretical model, which is developed in col... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.672126 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:feb4d14f-1152-4077-8abb-e969d2e52225> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:18.168882 |
a lattice, and the nanowire crystal will grow. " we have shown that it is the shape of the droplet, which determines what kind of crystal structure the nanowires obtain and with this knowledge it will be easier to improve the properties of the nanowires, " explains peter krogstrup and continues : " the crystal structur... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.640298 | 281 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:feb4d14f-1152-4077-8abb-e969d2e52225> | 1 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:18.169376 |
mineral processing involves the chemical and physical treatment of the ore to upgrade the valuable mineral component before the metal - extraction stage. this processing eliminates as much of the waste portion as possible. two principal steps are involved : comminution and separation. comminution is liberation of the d... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.611322 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:14fcff61-847a-4df2-8506-69dbc0294d52> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:18.558567 |
blavatsky ' s first major work on theosophy, examining religion and science in the light of western and oriental ancient wisdom and occult and spiritualistic phenomena. theosophical university press online edition ( print version also available ). electronic version isbn 1 - 55700 - 135 - 9. this edition may be downloa... | subdomain_quantum_optics | 0.602501 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:c4199adb-8421-46a7-b40b-d25b7291d501> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:18.603531 |
solar energy is the energy that comes from the sun in the form of radiant light and heat. it is considered the most widespread form of renewable energy of the planet. solar powered electrical generation relies on heat engines and photovoltaics. solar thermal / electric power plants generate electricity by concentrating... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.603191 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:df1acbce-18b4-4a48-a075-0ea5c4bc5d1a> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:18.894900 |
the discovery and application of quantum theory turned the characterization of materials upside down : a field once dominated by simple assemblies of lenses and mirrors now has access to an innumerable array of techniques that use particles and the nuances of physics to explore the nature of materials. researchers have... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.714396 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:b230cc39-2d18-4903-9ced-1152978f776c> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:19.248085 |
invisibility cloaks — optical materials that hide objects by distorting the path of light or altering its scattering pattern — have captured the imagination of scientists and the public alike. unfortunately, an obstacle to manufacturing cloaks is the need to make them from anisotropic materials, which are difficult to ... | subdomain_quantum_optics | 0.62344 | 354 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:438e0826-0bee-4d7a-a87d-1f995a721dbd> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:20.640647 |
a new anaerobic digestion system will convert food that can ’ t be sold or donated into biogas to power a california distribution center. in the simplest terms, urban mining is recycling. the broad definition is the reclaiming of compounds and elements from products, buildings. the average lifespan of a cellphone in th... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.617779 | 269 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:1bb540b8-57f6-4f60-8516-2cc53692e2ae> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:20.840047 |
in search of.... real science the student concept of what is science when kids take their first science class in school, they think that every lab activity is an experiment. this notion is far from the truth. i maintain that an experiment is an investigation in which the experimenter attempts to test a hypothesis. we d... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.604444 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:09955efa-b373-4dd9-bd0a-6ecf96beefed> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:20.928074 |
vekt i gram : special relativity : an introduction with 200 problems and solutions the theory of special relativity, although a century old, it is still a theory which has yet a long way to go. special relativity is the ground on which particle physics and general relativity are based and constitutes an everyday labora... | subdomain_quantum_field_theory | 0.689307 | 431 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:2e542cf1-e11f-49c4-8b08-178cd6e6f2dc> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:20.938883 |
a recent study from northwestern university researcher mark beeman extends his work on creativity and inspiration. we all know those moments when we ’ ve been struggling with a problem for a while, and then suddenly we see the answer. an article in the new york times gives an example : what do “ trip, ” “ house, ” and ... | subdomain_quantum_simulation | 0.604303 | 481 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:0b30acef-74e5-4ba8-b052-3130ee099e62> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:22.909965 |
in a solution, the solvent is generally a liquid, which can be a pure substance or a mixture. the species that dissolves, the solute, can be a gas, another liquid, or a solid. solubilities range widely, from infinitely soluble such as ethanol in water, to poorly soluble, such as silver chloride in water. the term insol... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.628678 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:08416d03-24f6-4faf-9ca7-827ba533783b> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:23.154386 |
a lesser extent, solubility will depend on the ionic strength of liquid solutions. the last two effects can be quantified using the equation for solubility equilibrium. solubility ( metastable ) also depends on the physical size of the crystal or droplet of solute ( or, strictly speaking, on the specific or molar surfa... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.604257 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:08416d03-24f6-4faf-9ca7-827ba533783b> | 1 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:23.155519 |
of differential solubility of a compound in a hydrophobic solvent ( octanol ) and a hydrophilic solvent ( water ). the logarithm of these two values enables compounds to be ranked in terms of hydrophilicity ( or hydrophobicity ). solubility is often said to be one of the " characteristic properties of a substance, " wh... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.640794 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:08416d03-24f6-4faf-9ca7-827ba533783b> | 3 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:23.157733 |
definition of hemoglobin hemoglobin : the oxygen - carrying pigment and predominant protein in the red blood cells. hemoglobin forms an unstable, reversible bond with oxygen. in its oxygenated state it is called oxyhemoglobin and is bright red. in the reduced state it is called deoxyhemoglobin and is purple - blue. eac... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.633821 | 329 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:a8a439ac-64d1-4171-a232-fe536862bd4b> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:23.426530 |
finding new ways to tackle the growing challenge of accessing clean drinking water has become a priority for most countries around the world, including south africa. with recent statistics indicating that more people are dying annually from unsafe water than from all forms of violence combined, including war, there has... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.606608 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:32171e2b-79fa-460b-b08e-0f70054a84ca> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:23.661999 |
aromaticity is a chemical property in which a conjugated ring of unsaturated bonds, lone pairs, or empty orbitals exhibit a stabilization stronger than would be expected by the stabilization of conjugation alone. it can also be considered a manifestation of cyclic delocalization and of resonance. this is usually consid... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.671847 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:1c718911-2e2f-42ad-9b37-25d860ff5155> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:23.691573 |
a chemical term - - namely, to apply to compounds that contain the phenyl radical - - occurs in an article by august wilhelm hofmann in 1855. if this is indeed the earliest introduction of the term, it is curious that hofmann says nothing about why he introduced an adjective indicating olfactory character to apply to a... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.655711 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:1c718911-2e2f-42ad-9b37-25d860ff5155> | 1 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:23.692671 |
, in which ( fourthly ) the conjugation of the ring is broken. he introduced the symbol c centered on the ring as a shorthand for the inner cycle, thus anticipating eric clar ' s notation. arguably, he also anticipated the nature of wave mechanics, since he recognized that his affinities had direction, not merely being... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.627706 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:1c718911-2e2f-42ad-9b37-25d860ff5155> | 2 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:23.693642 |
substantially further down - field than those on non - aromatic sp² carbons. this is an important way of detecting aromaticity. by the same mechanism, the signals of protons located near the ring axis are shifted up - field. planar monocyclic molecules containing 4n π electrons are called antiaromatic and are, in gener... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.65105 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:1c718911-2e2f-42ad-9b37-25d860ff5155> | 3 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:23.694835 |
their benzannulated analogs ( benzimidazole, for example ). polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( pah ) are molecules containing two or more simple aromatic rings fused together by sharing two neighboring carbon atoms ( see also simple aromatic rings ). examples are naphthalene, anthracene and phenanthrene. aromaticity in... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.637673 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:1c718911-2e2f-42ad-9b37-25d860ff5155> | 4 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:23.699920 |
101, 1115 - 1118. doi : 10. 1021 / cr0103221 abstract. - ↑ a. t. balaban, p. v. r. schleyer and h. s. rzepa, " crocker, not armit and robinson, begat the six aromatic electrons ", chemical reviews, 2005, 105, 3436 - 3447. doi : 10. 1021 / cr0103221 abstract. - ↑ p. v. r. schleyer, " introduction : delocalization - π an... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.604107 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:1c718911-2e2f-42ad-9b37-25d860ff5155> | 5 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:23.702018 |
exist, at best fills a gap in what is known as the standard model used for describing the elementary particles ( like proton, electron, etc ) and the forces associated with them. the higgs boson is one of a class of elementary ( or subatomic ) particles called ‘ bosons ’ that are used to account for forces at the atomi... | subdomain_quantum_field_theory | 0.678588 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:cb86501c-b83b-4f7a-9c85-50a8b84c7509> | 1 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:24.006804 |
some help from meghnad saha. it was an exciting time in physics brimming with new ideas and results in relativity, quantum physics and atomic physics. in 1921, bose had moved to the newly established dhaka university. he was already known as a talented young mathematician who had published several articles in the prest... | subdomain_quantum_optics | 0.662144 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:cb86501c-b83b-4f7a-9c85-50a8b84c7509> | 2 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:24.007909 |
time ), while the quantum world seems to have no geometry, even though quantum physics is essentially a geometric theory based on concepts like hilbert spaces and operators. several workers ( including this writer ) believe that the many paradoxes that plague quantum physics like particles flying through double slits a... | subdomain_quantum_field_theory | 0.652343 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:cb86501c-b83b-4f7a-9c85-50a8b84c7509> | 4 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:24.010196 |
a cave or cavern is a natural underground space large enough for a human to enter. caves form naturally by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. the word " cave " can also refer to much smaller openings such as sea caves, rock shelters, and grottos. it is estimated that the maximum depth of the cave... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.619086 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:92651e64-b7a8-42f8-9f49-f8458307f5af> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:25.242530 |
in organic chemistry, cis / trans isomerism ( also known as geometric isomerism ) is a form of stereoisomerism describing the relative orientation of functional groups within a molecule. it is not to be confused with e / z isomerism which are related absolute stereochemical descriptors, only to be used with alkenes. in... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.622996 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:20a2ec9c-4d2c-4e8e-85e9-90835318353d> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:25.279997 |
in a cis isomer will add up to give an overall molecular dipole. in a trans isomer, the dipoles of the substituents will cancel out due to their being on opposite site of the molecule. trans isomers also tend to have lower densities than their cis counterparts. usually, for acyclic systems trans isomers are more stable... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.629048 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:20a2ec9c-4d2c-4e8e-85e9-90835318353d> | 2 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:25.288224 |
a related type of isomerism in octahedral mx3y3 complexes is facial - meridional ( or fac / mer ) isomerism, in which different numbers of ligands are cis or trans to each other. characterizing whether a metal carbonyl compound is fac or mer can be done by using infrared spectroscopy. see also - " iupac gold book - geo... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.602399 | 401 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:20a2ec9c-4d2c-4e8e-85e9-90835318353d> | 4 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:25.293053 |
be realized by actual clocks in the earth system. the main realization of tt is supplied by tai. the tai service, running since 1958, attempts to match the rate of proper time on the geoid, using an ensemble of atomic clocks spread over the surface and low orbital space of the earth. tai is canonically defined retrospe... | subdomain_quantum_metrology | 0.636762 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:a68259c2-1f9d-450d-9a3e-6d7146e606ec> | 3 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:25.693601 |
a particular level of gravitational time dilation relative to a notional observer located at infinitely high altitude. the present definition of tt is a linear scaling of geocentric coordinate time ( tcg ), which is the proper time of a notional observer who is infinitely far away ( so not affected by gravitational tim... | subdomain_quantum_metrology | 0.624897 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:a68259c2-1f9d-450d-9a3e-6d7146e606ec> | 4 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:25.741689 |
atomtronics has the goal of developing a one - to - one analogy of electronic systems, components and devices with ultracold atoms trapped in optical lattices. it is being researched at the university of colorado. the atomtronic anderson group of optical physics their atom - optical analogy to electronic circuits begin... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.737512 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:7352ab3b-37ad-439d-98e0-77331316b1e9> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:30.018389 |
##copic systems and molecules, where many themes common with atomtronics emerge. a consequence of the near - ideal experimental conditions for optical lattice systems is that theoretical descriptions for atomtronic systems can be developed from first principles. this allows theorists to develop detailed models that can... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.707913 | 493 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:7352ab3b-37ad-439d-98e0-77331316b1e9> | 1 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:30.023000 |
15. intone a sound, as aum, slowly. as sound enters soundfulness, so do you. 16. in the beginning and gradual refinement of the sound of any letter, awake. 17. while listening to stringed instruments, hear their composite central sound ; thus omnipresence. i wonder whether or not you have heard about the concept of ant... | subdomain_quantum_optics | 0.636034 | 463 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:f041e5b1-440b-4337-b5d5-07da810d6426> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:30.557814 |
conditionals has at its center an extended essay on this problematic and much - debated subject in the philosophy of language and logic, which the widely respected oxford philosopher michael woods had been preparing for publication at the time of his death in 1993. it appears here edited by his eminent colleague david ... | subdomain_quantum_cryptography | 0.60448 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:dab6b1b1-51b9-461f-876f-b695a4e483cd> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:30.832155 |
certain diffidence. that our own account of abduction is itself abductive is methodological expression of this diffi - dence. a second objective is to test our conception of abduction ’ s logical structure against some of the more promising going accounts of abductive reasoning. this article traces the life of russian ch... | subdomain_quantum_field_theory | 0.616545 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:dab6b1b1-51b9-461f-876f-b695a4e483cd> | 6 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:30.840090 |
. analogies pivot on the point of limited similarity and substantial, even radical, difference. ( 3 ) the semantical theory for sentences making analogical attributions requires a distinction between ( sentential ) meaning as truth conditions and ( sentential ) meaning as a functional compound of the meanings (... ) of... | subdomain_quantum_field_theory | 0.63156 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:dab6b1b1-51b9-461f-876f-b695a4e483cd> | 8 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:30.842989 |
about the paradoxical qualities of ‘ omni ’ principles it argues that the agnostic position is ultimately more tenable than either theism or atheism. in the first part it regards the paradoxes of omnipotence and their replies strictly logically, declaring them to be true antimonies. in the second part it argues that cl... | subdomain_quantum_field_theory | 0.633952 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:dab6b1b1-51b9-461f-876f-b695a4e483cd> | 9 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:30.844050 |
on decidability of monadic theories, and a proof of semenov ' s result is presented. ( shrink ) abduction is or subsumes a process of inference. it entertains possible hypotheses and it chooses hypotheses for further scrutiny. there is a large literature on various aspects of non - symbolic, subconscious abduction. the... | subdomain_quantum_simulation | 0.627324 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:dab6b1b1-51b9-461f-876f-b695a4e483cd> | 12 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:30.850299 |
check out the picture accompanying this post ( courtesy nasa ). it is a graphical timeline of the history of our universe. let ' s walk through it step by step - from left to right. quantum fluctuations : the universe starts off as a tiny blob of quantum fuzz, perhaps 0. 000... thirty more zeroes... 1 centimeters in si... | subdomain_quantum_thermodynamics | 0.631498 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:476b5396-e9f7-45ff-aad0-0fba58f7e748> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:30.956853 |
in some sense, “ dielectric constant ” is a measure of how well an insulation material reduces the electric field within itself. hence, an insulation material with the highest possible “ field exclusion ” would be the best dielectric. on this basis, an entirely new class of dielectrics has recently been developed. the ... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.654438 | 422 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:7fbadc9e-63af-4337-8107-7aad87a5ba5d> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:31.119157 |
their books some love. so i found this in my inbox : unputdownable! this book is tremendous fun for any reader curious about our bizarre and beautiful universe. if only the profound concepts and laws of physics were presented in schools in the clear and fun way dave goldberg has in this book, we would attract many more... | subdomain_quantum_field_theory | 0.620681 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:4af66427-855d-4979-a1ec-7fef4b1a6e45> | 4 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:31.348710 |
the light traveling to the right, and half to the left. light does carry momentum, as we known since maxwell, and can easily be seen in a radiometer : where is the planck constant, and is the frequency of an individual photon. in this case, the momentum cancels. but now look at the box from a different inertial perspec... | subdomain_quantum_optics | 0.625579 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:4af66427-855d-4979-a1ec-7fef4b1a6e45> | 6 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:31.352817 |
at temperatures below 15 k, the meissner effect, superconducting gap and fluctuation supercurrent have been observed in 0. 4 nm carbon nanotube / zeolite composites. the measured superconducting behaviors display smooth temperature variation due to fluctuations, with a mean - field tc = 15 k. the three separately measu... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.716982 | 485 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:f93bac27-8477-475e-8801-913773f299a0> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:31.370717 |
in contrast to such systematic names, there are traditional names, semisystematic or trivial, which are widely used for a core group of common compounds. examples are " acetic acid ", " benzene ", " cholesterol ", " styrene ", " formaldehyde ", " water ", " iron ". many of these names are also part of general nonscient... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.654551 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:20581260-fbab-49bc-ab65-aa33361f194a> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:31.596493 |
to place compounds with the same parent skeleton together while at the same time minimizing the number of rules. the chemical abstracts index guide treats the majority of compounds, but is not complete. there are a number of other in - house procedures applied elsewhere, such as in beilstein ( not yet explicitly publis... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.607301 | 504 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:20581260-fbab-49bc-ab65-aa33361f194a> | 2 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:31.601841 |
controlling superconductors with light monday, august 27, 2012 tau researcher discovers that a ray of light could lead to the next generation of superconductors a superconductor, which can move electrical energy with no wasteful resistance, is the holy grail of cost - effective, efficient, and " green " power productio... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.663234 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:8456c457-8b98-4da7-baf4-783ebb10b659> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:31.618492 |
they found that shining an ultraviolet light heightened the material ' s critical temperature, while visible light lowered it. finally, with the third molecule, they found that simply by turning a light on, critical temperature was raised — and lowered again when the light was switched off. prof. dagan calls this disco... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.633736 | 261 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:8456c457-8b98-4da7-baf4-783ebb10b659> | 1 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:31.619141 |
smaller than galaxies, it is known as " microlensing. " as the stars are moving in the lensing galaxy, the microlensing magnification also changes with time. from earth, the brightness of the quasar images ( four in the case of the einstein cross ) flickers around a mean value, due to microlensing. the size of the area... | subdomain_quantum_metrology | 0.607909 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:5aac5052-cefd-41fc-ac92-599ab6cd5f7d> | 1 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:31.844842 |
by cameron chai research and markets has included a new book titled ‘ introduction to nanomaterials and devices ’ from john wiley and sons to its database. the comprehensive book covers the development of semiconductor nanomaterials, semiconductor thin films and bulk semiconductors. it provides data on quantum mechanic... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.708268 | 341 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:24d131b4-f119-46b7-9a7f-af2cc4b7ae9f> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:31.851457 |
to the left you see a logarithmic graph comparing the physical abundances, by weight in the earth ’ s crust, of what many would recognize to be the six most precious or “ noble ” metals. ir, au, rh, pd, pt, and ag stand for iridium, gold, rhodium, palladium, platinum, and silver respectively. these figures are at best ... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.621309 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:882c6330-33ec-45a5-b6b5-9bcee1f05a67> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:33.127755 |
their approach involved rethinking a phenomenon that drives many of today ' s high - speed semiconductors. negative differential resistance ( ndr ), as the phenomenon is called, works contrary to the normal laws of electricity, in which an increase in voltage translates into a direct increase in current. in ndr, as the... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.62216 | 512 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:ce4a5239-d7af-49da-b671-bdcc64898589> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:33.411506 |
fast breeder reactor ( fbr ) a fast neutron reactor ( q. v. ) configured to produce more fissile material than it consumes, using fertile material such as depleted uranium in a blanket around the core. neutron released during fission, travelling at very high velocity ( 20, 000 km / s ) and having high energy ( c 2 mev ... | subdomain_quantum_materials | 0.649404 | 370 | HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu | <urn:uuid:5ae863fe-1701-4d53-9fe9-0fececc9d2f9> | 0 | 0.6 | 2025-12-25T11:19:33.494950 |
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