id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 25.7k | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
572fe10e04bcaa1900d76e32 | Armenia | Armenian cuisine is as ancient as the history of Armenia, a combination of different tastes and aromas. The food often has quite a distinct aroma. Closely related to eastern and Mediterranean cuisine, various spices, vegetables, fish, and fruits combine to present unique dishes. The main characteristics of Armenian cui... | What different uses does fruit have in Armenian food? | {
"text": [
"main ingredient as well as to sour food"
],
"answer_start": [
500
]
} |
572f876aa23a5019007fc6ef | Bacteria | Bacteria (i/bækˈtɪəriə/; singular: bacterium) constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. ... | What is a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms? | {
"text": [
"Bacteria"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
572f876aa23a5019007fc6f0 | Bacteria | Bacteria (i/bækˈtɪəriə/; singular: bacterium) constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. ... | What configurations can bacteria can bacteria take? | {
"text": [
"spheres to rods and spirals"
],
"answer_start": [
189
]
} |
572f876aa23a5019007fc6f1 | Bacteria | Bacteria (i/bækˈtɪəriə/; singular: bacterium) constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. ... | When is the typical lenght for bacteria? | {
"text": [
"few micrometres"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
572f876aa23a5019007fc6f2 | Bacteria | Bacteria (i/bækˈtɪəriə/; singular: bacterium) constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. ... | What environments can bacteria live? | {
"text": [
"present in most of its habitats"
],
"answer_start": [
287
]
} |
572f876aa23a5019007fc6f3 | Bacteria | Bacteria (i/bækˈtɪəriə/; singular: bacterium) constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. ... | What is the relationships between plants animals and bacteria? | {
"text": [
"symbiotic and parasitic relationships"
],
"answer_start": [
451
]
} |
572f8f15a23a5019007fc749 | Bacteria | There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. There are approximately 5×1030 bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many of the stages in nutrient ... | What amount of bacteria can be found in a gram of soil? | {
"text": [
"40 million bacterial cells"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
572f8f15a23a5019007fc74a | Bacteria | There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. There are approximately 5×1030 bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many of the stages in nutrient ... | How many bacteria cells can be in a milliltre of fresh water? | {
"text": [
"million bacterial cells"
],
"answer_start": [
71
]
} |
572f8f15a23a5019007fc74b | Bacteria | There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. There are approximately 5×1030 bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many of the stages in nutrient ... | How does bacteria help to sustain life in hydrothermal vents and cold seeps? | {
"text": [
"by converting dissolved compounds"
],
"answer_start": [
559
]
} |
572f8f15a23a5019007fc74c | Bacteria | There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. There are approximately 5×1030 bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many of the stages in nutrient ... | What deepest part of the ocean was bacteria found? | {
"text": [
"Mariana Trench"
],
"answer_start": [
738
]
} |
572f8f15a23a5019007fc74d | Bacteria | There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. There are approximately 5×1030 bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many of the stages in nutrient ... | Can bacteria survive inside rocks under the sea level? | {
"text": [
"thrive inside rocks"
],
"answer_start": [
896
]
} |
572f9551a23a5019007fc7ad | Bacteria | There are approximately ten times as many bacterial cells in the human flora as there are human cells in the body, with the largest number of the human flora being in the gut flora, and a large number on the skin. The vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by the protective effects of the immun... | What is the ratio of human/bacteria cells in human flora? | {
"text": [
"ten times as many bacterial cells"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
572f9551a23a5019007fc7ae | Bacteria | There are approximately ten times as many bacterial cells in the human flora as there are human cells in the body, with the largest number of the human flora being in the gut flora, and a large number on the skin. The vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by the protective effects of the immun... | What keeps bacteria at bay in human body? | {
"text": [
"the immune system"
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
} |
572f9551a23a5019007fc7af | Bacteria | There are approximately ten times as many bacterial cells in the human flora as there are human cells in the body, with the largest number of the human flora being in the gut flora, and a large number on the skin. The vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by the protective effects of the immun... | What type of bacteria can cause infectious diseases? | {
"text": [
"pathogenic"
],
"answer_start": [
396
]
} |
572f9551a23a5019007fc7b0 | Bacteria | There are approximately ten times as many bacterial cells in the human flora as there are human cells in the body, with the largest number of the human flora being in the gut flora, and a large number on the skin. The vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by the protective effects of the immun... | What are the deadliest diseases caused by bacteria? | {
"text": [
"respiratory infections"
],
"answer_start": [
550
]
} |
572f9551a23a5019007fc7b1 | Bacteria | There are approximately ten times as many bacterial cells in the human flora as there are human cells in the body, with the largest number of the human flora being in the gut flora, and a large number on the skin. The vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by the protective effects of the immun... | What makes bacteria resistant to antibiotic treatment? | {
"text": [
"farming"
],
"answer_start": [
765
]
} |
572f9adf04bcaa1900d76acf | Bacteria | Once regarded as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now classified as prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryotes, the scientific... | What living organisms are bacteria being reffered as? | {
"text": [
"prokaryotes"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
572f9adf04bcaa1900d76ad0 | Bacteria | Once regarded as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now classified as prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryotes, the scientific... | What vital part is missing in bacteria to eukaryotes? | {
"text": [
"nucleus"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} |
572f9adf04bcaa1900d76ad1 | Bacteria | Once regarded as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now classified as prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryotes, the scientific... | When did the scientific classification change? | {
"text": [
"1990s"
],
"answer_start": [
371
]
} |
572f9adf04bcaa1900d76ad2 | Bacteria | Once regarded as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now classified as prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryotes, the scientific... | What are two main groups prokaryotes can be divided into? | {
"text": [
"Bacteria and Archaea"
],
"answer_start": [
528
]
} |
572f9ceab2c2fd1400568255 | Bacteria | The ancestors of modern bacteria were unicellular microorganisms that were the first forms of life to appear on Earth, about 4 billion years ago. For about 3 billion years, most organisms were microscopic, and bacteria and archaea were the dominant forms of life. In 2008, fossils of macroorganisms were discovered and n... | When did the first antecedents of bacteria appear on Earth? | {
"text": [
"4 billion years ago"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
572f9ceab2c2fd1400568256 | Bacteria | The ancestors of modern bacteria were unicellular microorganisms that were the first forms of life to appear on Earth, about 4 billion years ago. For about 3 billion years, most organisms were microscopic, and bacteria and archaea were the dominant forms of life. In 2008, fossils of macroorganisms were discovered and n... | Why were bacteria and archaea dominant forms of life? | {
"text": [
"most organisms were microscopic"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
572f9ceab2c2fd1400568257 | Bacteria | The ancestors of modern bacteria were unicellular microorganisms that were the first forms of life to appear on Earth, about 4 billion years ago. For about 3 billion years, most organisms were microscopic, and bacteria and archaea were the dominant forms of life. In 2008, fossils of macroorganisms were discovered and n... | What are Stromatolites? | {
"text": [
"bacterial fossils"
],
"answer_start": [
362
]
} |
572f9ceab2c2fd1400568258 | Bacteria | The ancestors of modern bacteria were unicellular microorganisms that were the first forms of life to appear on Earth, about 4 billion years ago. For about 3 billion years, most organisms were microscopic, and bacteria and archaea were the dominant forms of life. In 2008, fossils of macroorganisms were discovered and n... | What pre-historic group did bacteria evolve from? | {
"text": [
"archaeal/eukaryotic lineage"
],
"answer_start": [
730
]
} |
572f9ceab2c2fd1400568259 | Bacteria | The ancestors of modern bacteria were unicellular microorganisms that were the first forms of life to appear on Earth, about 4 billion years ago. For about 3 billion years, most organisms were microscopic, and bacteria and archaea were the dominant forms of life. In 2008, fossils of macroorganisms were discovered and n... | How did chloroplast appear in first vegetation? | {
"text": [
"mitochondria also engulfed cyanobacterial-like organisms"
],
"answer_start": [
1366
]
} |
572f9e5504bcaa1900d76aec | Bacteria | Bacteria display a wide diversity of shapes and sizes, called morphologies. Bacterial cells are about one-tenth the size of eukaryotic cells and are typically 0.5–5.0 micrometres in length. However, a few species are visible to the unaided eye — for example, Thiomargarita namibiensis is up to half a millimetre long and... | Are bacteria cells smaller than eukaryotic cells? | {
"text": [
"one-tenth the size"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
572f9e5504bcaa1900d76aeb | Bacteria | Bacteria display a wide diversity of shapes and sizes, called morphologies. Bacterial cells are about one-tenth the size of eukaryotic cells and are typically 0.5–5.0 micrometres in length. However, a few species are visible to the unaided eye — for example, Thiomargarita namibiensis is up to half a millimetre long and... | What is the common name for shapes and forms of bacteria? | {
"text": [
"morphologies"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
572f9e5504bcaa1900d76aed | Bacteria | Bacteria display a wide diversity of shapes and sizes, called morphologies. Bacterial cells are about one-tenth the size of eukaryotic cells and are typically 0.5–5.0 micrometres in length. However, a few species are visible to the unaided eye — for example, Thiomargarita namibiensis is up to half a millimetre long and... | How big is Epulopiscium bacteria? | {
"text": [
"0.7 mm"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
} |
572f9e5504bcaa1900d76aee | Bacteria | Bacteria display a wide diversity of shapes and sizes, called morphologies. Bacterial cells are about one-tenth the size of eukaryotic cells and are typically 0.5–5.0 micrometres in length. However, a few species are visible to the unaided eye — for example, Thiomargarita namibiensis is up to half a millimetre long and... | What are one of the smallest bacteria? | {
"text": [
"genus Mycoplasma"
],
"answer_start": [
408
]
} |
572f9e5504bcaa1900d76aef | Bacteria | Bacteria display a wide diversity of shapes and sizes, called morphologies. Bacterial cells are about one-tenth the size of eukaryotic cells and are typically 0.5–5.0 micrometres in length. However, a few species are visible to the unaided eye — for example, Thiomargarita namibiensis is up to half a millimetre long and... | Is ultramicrobacteria is well examined? | {
"text": [
"not well-studied"
],
"answer_start": [
563
]
} |
572fa02704bcaa1900d76b09 | Bacteria | Most bacterial species are either spherical, called cocci (sing. coccus, from Greek kókkos, grain, seed), or rod-shaped, called bacilli (sing. bacillus, from Latin baculus, stick). Elongation is associated with swimming. Some bacteria, called vibrio, are shaped like slightly curved rods or comma-shaped; others can be s... | What shape does usually cocci type of bacteria can be? | {
"text": [
"spherical"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
572fa02704bcaa1900d76b0a | Bacteria | Most bacterial species are either spherical, called cocci (sing. coccus, from Greek kókkos, grain, seed), or rod-shaped, called bacilli (sing. bacillus, from Latin baculus, stick). Elongation is associated with swimming. Some bacteria, called vibrio, are shaped like slightly curved rods or comma-shaped; others can be s... | What type of bacteria usually takes rod-shaped form? | {
"text": [
"bacilli"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
572fa02704bcaa1900d76b0b | Bacteria | Most bacterial species are either spherical, called cocci (sing. coccus, from Greek kókkos, grain, seed), or rod-shaped, called bacilli (sing. bacillus, from Latin baculus, stick). Elongation is associated with swimming. Some bacteria, called vibrio, are shaped like slightly curved rods or comma-shaped; others can be s... | What shape Spirochaetes are? | {
"text": [
"tightly coiled"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
572fa02704bcaa1900d76b0c | Bacteria | Most bacterial species are either spherical, called cocci (sing. coccus, from Greek kókkos, grain, seed), or rod-shaped, called bacilli (sing. bacillus, from Latin baculus, stick). Elongation is associated with swimming. Some bacteria, called vibrio, are shaped like slightly curved rods or comma-shaped; others can be s... | What shape was newly discovered bacteria from deep under Earth? | {
"text": [
"branching filamentous types with a star-shaped cross-section"
],
"answer_start": [
542
]
} |
572fa02704bcaa1900d76b0d | Bacteria | Most bacterial species are either spherical, called cocci (sing. coccus, from Greek kókkos, grain, seed), or rod-shaped, called bacilli (sing. bacillus, from Latin baculus, stick). Elongation is associated with swimming. Some bacteria, called vibrio, are shaped like slightly curved rods or comma-shaped; others can be s... | Can shape of bacteria be beneficial to their survival? | {
"text": [
"can influence the ability of bacteria to acquire nutrients"
],
"answer_start": [
845
]
} |
572fa1f9a23a5019007fc7e7 | Bacteria | Many bacterial species exist simply as single cells, others associate in characteristic patterns: Neisseria form diploids (pairs), Streptococcus form chains, and Staphylococcus group together in "bunch of grapes" clusters. Bacteria can also be elongated to form filaments, for example the Actinobacteria. Filamentous bac... | What is the usual form for Neiserria bacteria? | {
"text": [
"diploids (pairs)"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} |
572fa1f9a23a5019007fc7ea | Bacteria | Many bacterial species exist simply as single cells, others associate in characteristic patterns: Neisseria form diploids (pairs), Streptococcus form chains, and Staphylococcus group together in "bunch of grapes" clusters. Bacteria can also be elongated to form filaments, for example the Actinobacteria. Filamentous bac... | What type of bacteria is surrounded by a capsule? | {
"text": [
"Filamentous bacteria"
],
"answer_start": [
305
]
} |
572fa1f9a23a5019007fc7e8 | Bacteria | Many bacterial species exist simply as single cells, others associate in characteristic patterns: Neisseria form diploids (pairs), Streptococcus form chains, and Staphylococcus group together in "bunch of grapes" clusters. Bacteria can also be elongated to form filaments, for example the Actinobacteria. Filamentous bac... | What well known bacteria structure chains? | {
"text": [
"Streptococcus"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
572fa1f9a23a5019007fc7e9 | Bacteria | Many bacterial species exist simply as single cells, others associate in characteristic patterns: Neisseria form diploids (pairs), Streptococcus form chains, and Staphylococcus group together in "bunch of grapes" clusters. Bacteria can also be elongated to form filaments, for example the Actinobacteria. Filamentous bac... | What does typically Staphylococcus look like? | {
"text": [
"clusters"
],
"answer_start": [
213
]
} |
572fa1f9a23a5019007fc7eb | Bacteria | Many bacterial species exist simply as single cells, others associate in characteristic patterns: Neisseria form diploids (pairs), Streptococcus form chains, and Staphylococcus group together in "bunch of grapes" clusters. Bacteria can also be elongated to form filaments, for example the Actinobacteria. Filamentous bac... | Formation of what can be related to fungal mycelia? | {
"text": [
"branched filaments"
],
"answer_start": [
469
]
} |
572fa3e9b2c2fd140056827d | Bacteria | Bacteria often attach to surfaces and form dense aggregations called biofilms or bacterial mats. These films can range from a few micrometers in thickness to up to half a meter in depth, and may contain multiple species of bacteria, protists and archaea. Bacteria living in biofilms display a complex arrangement of cell... | What does bacteria use to adhere to surfaces? | {
"text": [
"biofilms"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
572fa3e9b2c2fd140056827e | Bacteria | Bacteria often attach to surfaces and form dense aggregations called biofilms or bacterial mats. These films can range from a few micrometers in thickness to up to half a meter in depth, and may contain multiple species of bacteria, protists and archaea. Bacteria living in biofilms display a complex arrangement of cell... | How extent can biofilm be? | {
"text": [
"up to half a meter in depth"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
572fa3e9b2c2fd140056827f | Bacteria | Bacteria often attach to surfaces and form dense aggregations called biofilms or bacterial mats. These films can range from a few micrometers in thickness to up to half a meter in depth, and may contain multiple species of bacteria, protists and archaea. Bacteria living in biofilms display a complex arrangement of cell... | What is part of secondary structure in the complex formation of bacteria? | {
"text": [
"microcolonies,"
],
"answer_start": [
390
]
} |
572fa3e9b2c2fd1400568280 | Bacteria | Bacteria often attach to surfaces and form dense aggregations called biofilms or bacterial mats. These films can range from a few micrometers in thickness to up to half a meter in depth, and may contain multiple species of bacteria, protists and archaea. Bacteria living in biofilms display a complex arrangement of cell... | What is the purpose of networks of channels in microcolonies? | {
"text": [
"to enable better diffusion of nutrients"
],
"answer_start": [
450
]
} |
572fa3e9b2c2fd1400568281 | Bacteria | Bacteria often attach to surfaces and form dense aggregations called biofilms or bacterial mats. These films can range from a few micrometers in thickness to up to half a meter in depth, and may contain multiple species of bacteria, protists and archaea. Bacteria living in biofilms display a complex arrangement of cell... | Which bacteria is more difficult to eradicate? | {
"text": [
"bacteria protected within biofilms"
],
"answer_start": [
782
]
} |
572fa576b2c2fd1400568299 | Bacteria | Even more complex morphological changes are sometimes possible. For example, when starved of amino acids, Myxobacteria detect surrounding cells in a process known as quorum sensing, migrate toward each other, and aggregate to form fruiting bodies up to 500 micrometres long and containing approximately 100,000 bacterial... | What is the vital nutriment for Myxobacteria? | {
"text": [
"amino acids"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
572fa576b2c2fd140056829a | Bacteria | Even more complex morphological changes are sometimes possible. For example, when starved of amino acids, Myxobacteria detect surrounding cells in a process known as quorum sensing, migrate toward each other, and aggregate to form fruiting bodies up to 500 micrometres long and containing approximately 100,000 bacterial... | Why do cells of Myxobacteria migrate towards each other? | {
"text": [
"aggregate to form fruiting bodies"
],
"answer_start": [
213
]
} |
572fa576b2c2fd140056829b | Bacteria | Even more complex morphological changes are sometimes possible. For example, when starved of amino acids, Myxobacteria detect surrounding cells in a process known as quorum sensing, migrate toward each other, and aggregate to form fruiting bodies up to 500 micrometres long and containing approximately 100,000 bacterial... | How hard to treat bacteria cells in a passive state? | {
"text": [
"more resistant"
],
"answer_start": [
623
]
} |
572fa576b2c2fd140056829c | Bacteria | Even more complex morphological changes are sometimes possible. For example, when starved of amino acids, Myxobacteria detect surrounding cells in a process known as quorum sensing, migrate toward each other, and aggregate to form fruiting bodies up to 500 micrometres long and containing approximately 100,000 bacterial... | What bacteria do in fruiting bodies? | {
"text": [
"multicellular organisation"
],
"answer_start": [
436
]
} |
572fa77004bcaa1900d76b49 | Bacteria | The bacterial cell is surrounded by a cell membrane (also known as a lipid, cytoplasmic or plasma membrane). This membrane encloses the contents of the cell and acts as a barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components of the cytoplasm within the cell. As they are prokaryotes, bacteria do not usually... | What is a cell membrane? | {
"text": [
"lipid"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
572fa77004bcaa1900d76b4a | Bacteria | The bacterial cell is surrounded by a cell membrane (also known as a lipid, cytoplasmic or plasma membrane). This membrane encloses the contents of the cell and acts as a barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components of the cytoplasm within the cell. As they are prokaryotes, bacteria do not usually... | What does membrane accomplish? | {
"text": [
"barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
572fa77004bcaa1900d76b4b | Bacteria | The bacterial cell is surrounded by a cell membrane (also known as a lipid, cytoplasmic or plasma membrane). This membrane encloses the contents of the cell and acts as a barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components of the cytoplasm within the cell. As they are prokaryotes, bacteria do not usually... | Do bacteria have membrabe-bound organelles in their cytoplasm? | {
"text": [
"do not"
],
"answer_start": [
306
]
} |
572fa77004bcaa1900d76b4c | Bacteria | The bacterial cell is surrounded by a cell membrane (also known as a lipid, cytoplasmic or plasma membrane). This membrane encloses the contents of the cell and acts as a barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components of the cytoplasm within the cell. As they are prokaryotes, bacteria do not usually... | Absence of what make bacteria belong to prokaryotes? | {
"text": [
"true nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and the other organelles"
],
"answer_start": [
437
]
} |
572fa77004bcaa1900d76b4d | Bacteria | The bacterial cell is surrounded by a cell membrane (also known as a lipid, cytoplasmic or plasma membrane). This membrane encloses the contents of the cell and acts as a barrier to hold nutrients, proteins and other essential components of the cytoplasm within the cell. As they are prokaryotes, bacteria do not usually... | What bacteria was observed as before prokaryotic cytoskeleton was discovered? | {
"text": [
"simple bags of cytoplasm"
],
"answer_start": [
559
]
} |
572fa91e04bcaa1900d76b67 | Bacteria | Many important biochemical reactions, such as energy generation, use concentration gradients across membranes. The general lack of internal membranes in bacteria means reactions such as electron transport occur across the cell membrane between the cytoplasm and the periplasmic space. However, in many photosynthetic bac... | What is crucial for biochemical reactions? | {
"text": [
"concentration gradients across membranes"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
572fa91e04bcaa1900d76b69 | Bacteria | Many important biochemical reactions, such as energy generation, use concentration gradients across membranes. The general lack of internal membranes in bacteria means reactions such as electron transport occur across the cell membrane between the cytoplasm and the periplasmic space. However, in many photosynthetic bac... | What kind of membrane do bacteria cells are filled with? | {
"text": [
"light-gathering membrane"
],
"answer_start": [
405
]
} |
572fa91e04bcaa1900d76b68 | Bacteria | Many important biochemical reactions, such as energy generation, use concentration gradients across membranes. The general lack of internal membranes in bacteria means reactions such as electron transport occur across the cell membrane between the cytoplasm and the periplasmic space. However, in many photosynthetic bac... | How does electron transit occur in bacteria? | {
"text": [
"between the cytoplasm and the periplasmic space"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
572fa91e04bcaa1900d76b6a | Bacteria | Many important biochemical reactions, such as energy generation, use concentration gradients across membranes. The general lack of internal membranes in bacteria means reactions such as electron transport occur across the cell membrane between the cytoplasm and the periplasmic space. However, in many photosynthetic bac... | Can membrane of bacteria create lipid structure? | {
"text": [
"light-gathering complexes may even form lipid-enclosed structures"
],
"answer_start": [
437
]
} |
572fab18947a6a140053cb3a | Bacteria | Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus, and their genetic material is typically a single circular DNA chromosome located in the cytoplasm in an irregularly shaped body called the nucleoid. The nucleoid contains the chromosome with its associated proteins and RNA. The phylum Planctomycetes and candidate phylum Po... | What is genetic make of bacteria? | {
"text": [
"a single circular DNA chromosome"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
572fab18947a6a140053cb3b | Bacteria | Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus, and their genetic material is typically a single circular DNA chromosome located in the cytoplasm in an irregularly shaped body called the nucleoid. The nucleoid contains the chromosome with its associated proteins and RNA. The phylum Planctomycetes and candidate phylum Po... | Where is DNA chromosome of bacteria located? | {
"text": [
"in the cytoplasm"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
572fab18947a6a140053cb3c | Bacteria | Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus, and their genetic material is typically a single circular DNA chromosome located in the cytoplasm in an irregularly shaped body called the nucleoid. The nucleoid contains the chromosome with its associated proteins and RNA. The phylum Planctomycetes and candidate phylum Po... | How does nucleoid look? | {
"text": [
"irregularly shaped body"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} |
572fab18947a6a140053cb3d | Bacteria | Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus, and their genetic material is typically a single circular DNA chromosome located in the cytoplasm in an irregularly shaped body called the nucleoid. The nucleoid contains the chromosome with its associated proteins and RNA. The phylum Planctomycetes and candidate phylum Po... | What are the exceptions of non-internal membrane bacteria? | {
"text": [
"phylum Planctomycetes and candidate phylum Poribacteria"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} |
572fab18947a6a140053cb3e | Bacteria | Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus, and their genetic material is typically a single circular DNA chromosome located in the cytoplasm in an irregularly shaped body called the nucleoid. The nucleoid contains the chromosome with its associated proteins and RNA. The phylum Planctomycetes and candidate phylum Po... | What is the purpose of polyribosomes in bacteria? | {
"text": [
"production of proteins"
],
"answer_start": [
639
]
} |
572fad2cb2c2fd1400568317 | Bacteria | Some bacteria produce intracellular nutrient storage granules for later use, such as glycogen, polyphosphate, sulfur or polyhydroxyalkanoates. Certain bacterial species, such as the photosynthetic Cyanobacteria, produce internal gas vesicles, which they use to regulate their buoyancy – allowing them to move up or down ... | What types of intracellar nutrient can bacteria produce? | {
"text": [
"glycogen, polyphosphate, sulfur or polyhydroxyalkanoates"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} |
572fad2cb2c2fd140056831b | Bacteria | Some bacteria produce intracellular nutrient storage granules for later use, such as glycogen, polyphosphate, sulfur or polyhydroxyalkanoates. Certain bacterial species, such as the photosynthetic Cyanobacteria, produce internal gas vesicles, which they use to regulate their buoyancy – allowing them to move up or down ... | What gas vacuoles are respoonsible for in bacteria? | {
"text": [
"to control their buoyancy"
],
"answer_start": [
1418
]
} |
572fad2cb2c2fd140056831a | Bacteria | Some bacteria produce intracellular nutrient storage granules for later use, such as glycogen, polyphosphate, sulfur or polyhydroxyalkanoates. Certain bacterial species, such as the photosynthetic Cyanobacteria, produce internal gas vesicles, which they use to regulate their buoyancy – allowing them to move up or down ... | What are the most common nonliving compositions in bacteria? | {
"text": [
"glycogen, lipid droplets, crystals, and pigments"
],
"answer_start": [
954
]
} |
572fad2cb2c2fd1400568318 | Bacteria | Some bacteria produce intracellular nutrient storage granules for later use, such as glycogen, polyphosphate, sulfur or polyhydroxyalkanoates. Certain bacterial species, such as the photosynthetic Cyanobacteria, produce internal gas vesicles, which they use to regulate their buoyancy – allowing them to move up or down ... | How does gas vesicles produced by Cyanobacteria help her to move in water? | {
"text": [
"move up or down into water layers with different light intensities"
],
"answer_start": [
304
]
} |
572fad2cb2c2fd1400568319 | Bacteria | Some bacteria produce intracellular nutrient storage granules for later use, such as glycogen, polyphosphate, sulfur or polyhydroxyalkanoates. Certain bacterial species, such as the photosynthetic Cyanobacteria, produce internal gas vesicles, which they use to regulate their buoyancy – allowing them to move up or down ... | What are chromatophores used for? | {
"text": [
"photosynthesis"
],
"answer_start": [
511
]
} |
572faebea23a5019007fc887 | Bacteria | In most bacteria, a cell wall is present on the outside of the cell membrane. The cell membrane and cell wall comprise the cell envelope. A common bacterial cell wall material is peptidoglycan (called "murein" in older sources), which is made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by peptides containing D-amino acids.... | What composes the cell envelope? | {
"text": [
"cell membrane and cell wall"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
572faebea23a5019007fc888 | Bacteria | In most bacteria, a cell wall is present on the outside of the cell membrane. The cell membrane and cell wall comprise the cell envelope. A common bacterial cell wall material is peptidoglycan (called "murein" in older sources), which is made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by peptides containing D-amino acids.... | What is most common cell wall material? | {
"text": [
"peptidoglycan"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} |
572faebea23a5019007fc889 | Bacteria | In most bacteria, a cell wall is present on the outside of the cell membrane. The cell membrane and cell wall comprise the cell envelope. A common bacterial cell wall material is peptidoglycan (called "murein" in older sources), which is made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by peptides containing D-amino acids.... | Are cell walls of bacteria similar to cell walls of plants and fungi? | {
"text": [
"Bacterial cell walls are different"
],
"answer_start": [
321
]
} |
572faebea23a5019007fc88b | Bacteria | In most bacteria, a cell wall is present on the outside of the cell membrane. The cell membrane and cell wall comprise the cell envelope. A common bacterial cell wall material is peptidoglycan (called "murein" in older sources), which is made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by peptides containing D-amino acids.... | How can antibiotic penicillin destroy bacteria? | {
"text": [
"by inhibiting a step in the synthesis of peptidoglycan"
],
"answer_start": [
668
]
} |
572faebea23a5019007fc88a | Bacteria | In most bacteria, a cell wall is present on the outside of the cell membrane. The cell membrane and cell wall comprise the cell envelope. A common bacterial cell wall material is peptidoglycan (called "murein" in older sources), which is made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by peptides containing D-amino acids.... | What are the main materials of cell walls of plants and fungi? | {
"text": [
"cellulose and chitin"
],
"answer_start": [
415
]
} |
572fb096a23a5019007fc8a1 | Bacteria | Gram-positive bacteria possess a thick cell wall containing many layers of peptidoglycan and teichoic acids. In contrast, gram-negative bacteria have a relatively thin cell wall consisting of a few layers of peptidoglycan surrounded by a second lipid membrane containing lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins. Lipopolysac... | What does gram-positive bacteria have? | {
"text": [
"thick cell wall containing many layers of peptidoglycan and teichoic acids"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
572fb096a23a5019007fc8a3 | Bacteria | Gram-positive bacteria possess a thick cell wall containing many layers of peptidoglycan and teichoic acids. In contrast, gram-negative bacteria have a relatively thin cell wall consisting of a few layers of peptidoglycan surrounded by a second lipid membrane containing lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins. Lipopolysac... | Why gram-negative cell bacteria is more toxic than gram-positive bacteria? | {
"text": [
"polysaccharides and lipid A"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
} |
572fb096a23a5019007fc8a2 | Bacteria | Gram-positive bacteria possess a thick cell wall containing many layers of peptidoglycan and teichoic acids. In contrast, gram-negative bacteria have a relatively thin cell wall consisting of a few layers of peptidoglycan surrounded by a second lipid membrane containing lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins. Lipopolysac... | What can be endotoxins called? | {
"text": [
"Lipopolysaccharides"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
572fb096a23a5019007fc8a4 | Bacteria | Gram-positive bacteria possess a thick cell wall containing many layers of peptidoglycan and teichoic acids. In contrast, gram-negative bacteria have a relatively thin cell wall consisting of a few layers of peptidoglycan surrounded by a second lipid membrane containing lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins. Lipopolysac... | What can different structure of the cell walls of bacteria effect? | {
"text": [
"differences in antibiotic susceptibility"
],
"answer_start": [
757
]
} |
572fb096a23a5019007fc8a5 | Bacteria | Gram-positive bacteria possess a thick cell wall containing many layers of peptidoglycan and teichoic acids. In contrast, gram-negative bacteria have a relatively thin cell wall consisting of a few layers of peptidoglycan surrounded by a second lipid membrane containing lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins. Lipopolysac... | What is the main defense of human body against eye infections? | {
"text": [
"enzyme lysozyme, found in human tears"
],
"answer_start": [
1235
]
} |
572fb31fa23a5019007fc8c1 | Bacteria | Acid-fast bacteria, such as Mycobacteria, are resistant to decolorization by acids during staining procedures. The high mycolic acid content of Mycobacteria, is responsible for the staining pattern of poor absorption followed by high retention. The most common staining technique used to identify acid-fast bacteria is t... | What is the most typical staining technique used to identify acid-fast bacteria? | {
"text": [
"Ziehl-Neelsen stain"
],
"answer_start": [
323
]
} |
572fb31fa23a5019007fc8c0 | Bacteria | Acid-fast bacteria, such as Mycobacteria, are resistant to decolorization by acids during staining procedures. The high mycolic acid content of Mycobacteria, is responsible for the staining pattern of poor absorption followed by high retention. The most common staining technique used to identify acid-fast bacteria is t... | What is mycolic acid is responsible for in Mycobacteria? | {
"text": [
"staining pattern of poor absorption followed by high retention."
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
572fb31fa23a5019007fc8bf | Bacteria | Acid-fast bacteria, such as Mycobacteria, are resistant to decolorization by acids during staining procedures. The high mycolic acid content of Mycobacteria, is responsible for the staining pattern of poor absorption followed by high retention. The most common staining technique used to identify acid-fast bacteria is t... | What helps Mycobacteria be resistant to decolorization? | {
"text": [
"high mycolic acid content"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
572fb31fa23a5019007fc8c2 | Bacteria | Acid-fast bacteria, such as Mycobacteria, are resistant to decolorization by acids during staining procedures. The high mycolic acid content of Mycobacteria, is responsible for the staining pattern of poor absorption followed by high retention. The most common staining technique used to identify acid-fast bacteria is t... | What is the main pathogenic bacteria in L-form class ? | {
"text": [
"Mycoplasma"
],
"answer_start": [
574
]
} |
572fb448947a6a140053cbbc | Bacteria | Fimbriae (sometimes called "attachment pili") are fine filaments of protein, usually 2–10 nanometres in diameter and up to several micrometers in length. They are distributed over the surface of the cell, and resemble fine hairs when seen under the electron microscope. Fimbriae are believed to be involved in attachment... | What are fimbriae? | {
"text": [
"fine filaments of protein"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
572fb448947a6a140053cbbe | Bacteria | Fimbriae (sometimes called "attachment pili") are fine filaments of protein, usually 2–10 nanometres in diameter and up to several micrometers in length. They are distributed over the surface of the cell, and resemble fine hairs when seen under the electron microscope. Fimbriae are believed to be involved in attachment... | What are fimbriae liable for? | {
"text": [
"involved in attachment to solid surfaces or to other cells"
],
"answer_start": [
298
]
} |
572fb448947a6a140053cbbd | Bacteria | Fimbriae (sometimes called "attachment pili") are fine filaments of protein, usually 2–10 nanometres in diameter and up to several micrometers in length. They are distributed over the surface of the cell, and resemble fine hairs when seen under the electron microscope. Fimbriae are believed to be involved in attachment... | What is the diameter of fimbriae? | {
"text": [
"2–10 nanometres"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} |
572fb448947a6a140053cbbf | Bacteria | Fimbriae (sometimes called "attachment pili") are fine filaments of protein, usually 2–10 nanometres in diameter and up to several micrometers in length. They are distributed over the surface of the cell, and resemble fine hairs when seen under the electron microscope. Fimbriae are believed to be involved in attachment... | What are pili? | {
"text": [
"cellular appendages"
],
"answer_start": [
446
]
} |
572fb5b0b2c2fd1400568395 | Bacteria | Certain genera of Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus, Clostridium, Sporohalobacter, Anaerobacter, and Heliobacterium, can form highly resistant, dormant structures called endospores. In almost all cases, one endospore is formed and this is not a reproductive process, although Anaerobacter can make up to seven end... | What are highly resistant dormant structures of certain gram-positive bacteria called? | {
"text": [
"endospores"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
572fb5b0b2c2fd1400568396 | Bacteria | Certain genera of Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus, Clostridium, Sporohalobacter, Anaerobacter, and Heliobacterium, can form highly resistant, dormant structures called endospores. In almost all cases, one endospore is formed and this is not a reproductive process, although Anaerobacter can make up to seven end... | Is creating endospore a reproductive process? | {
"text": [
"is not a reproductive process"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
572fb5b0b2c2fd1400568397 | Bacteria | Certain genera of Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus, Clostridium, Sporohalobacter, Anaerobacter, and Heliobacterium, can form highly resistant, dormant structures called endospores. In almost all cases, one endospore is formed and this is not a reproductive process, although Anaerobacter can make up to seven end... | What are ribosomes in endospores are enclosed in? | {
"text": [
"cortex layer"
],
"answer_start": [
435
]
} |
572fb5b0b2c2fd1400568398 | Bacteria | Certain genera of Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus, Clostridium, Sporohalobacter, Anaerobacter, and Heliobacterium, can form highly resistant, dormant structures called endospores. In almost all cases, one endospore is formed and this is not a reproductive process, although Anaerobacter can make up to seven end... | What chemical compound comprises 5% to 15% of the dry weight of bacterial spores? | {
"text": [
"Dipicolinic acid"
],
"answer_start": [
496
]
} |
572fb798b2c2fd14005683b1 | Bacteria | Endospores show no detectable metabolism and can survive extreme physical and chemical stresses, such as high levels of UV light, gamma radiation, detergents, disinfectants, heat, freezing, pressure, and desiccation. In this dormant state, these organisms may remain viable for millions of years, and endospores even all... | Is there a metabolism in endospores? | {
"text": [
"show no detectable metabolism"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
572fb798b2c2fd14005683b2 | Bacteria | Endospores show no detectable metabolism and can survive extreme physical and chemical stresses, such as high levels of UV light, gamma radiation, detergents, disinfectants, heat, freezing, pressure, and desiccation. In this dormant state, these organisms may remain viable for millions of years, and endospores even all... | What extreme physical and chemical stresses can endospores endure? | {
"text": [
"UV light, gamma radiation, detergents, disinfectants, heat, freezing, pressure"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} |
572fb798b2c2fd14005683b3 | Bacteria | Endospores show no detectable metabolism and can survive extreme physical and chemical stresses, such as high levels of UV light, gamma radiation, detergents, disinfectants, heat, freezing, pressure, and desiccation. In this dormant state, these organisms may remain viable for millions of years, and endospores even all... | How long can endospores of bacteria stay alive in dormant state? | {
"text": [
"for millions of years"
],
"answer_start": [
274
]
} |
572fb798b2c2fd14005683b4 | Bacteria | Endospores show no detectable metabolism and can survive extreme physical and chemical stresses, such as high levels of UV light, gamma radiation, detergents, disinfectants, heat, freezing, pressure, and desiccation. In this dormant state, these organisms may remain viable for millions of years, and endospores even all... | What endospore-forming bacteria can cause tetanus disease? | {
"text": [
"Clostridium tetani"
],
"answer_start": [
771
]
} |
572fb921947a6a140053cbde | Bacteria | Bacteria exhibit an extremely wide variety of metabolic types. The distribution of metabolic traits within a group of bacteria has traditionally been used to define their taxonomy, but these traits often do not correspond with modern genetic classifications. Bacterial metabolism is classified into nutritional groups on... | What is commonly used to determine taxonomy of bacteria? | {
"text": [
"The distribution of metabolic traits"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
572fb921947a6a140053cbdf | Bacteria | Bacteria exhibit an extremely wide variety of metabolic types. The distribution of metabolic traits within a group of bacteria has traditionally been used to define their taxonomy, but these traits often do not correspond with modern genetic classifications. Bacterial metabolism is classified into nutritional groups on... | How is bacterial metabolism determined? | {
"text": [
"nutritional groups"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} |
572fb921947a6a140053cbe1 | Bacteria | Bacteria exhibit an extremely wide variety of metabolic types. The distribution of metabolic traits within a group of bacteria has traditionally been used to define their taxonomy, but these traits often do not correspond with modern genetic classifications. Bacterial metabolism is classified into nutritional groups on... | What are electron acceptors accountable for? | {
"text": [
"aerobic or anaerobic respiration"
],
"answer_start": [
545
]
} |
572fb921947a6a140053cbe0 | Bacteria | Bacteria exhibit an extremely wide variety of metabolic types. The distribution of metabolic traits within a group of bacteria has traditionally been used to define their taxonomy, but these traits often do not correspond with modern genetic classifications. Bacterial metabolism is classified into nutritional groups on... | What are three main criterias of bacterial metabolism? | {
"text": [
"the kind of energy used for growth, the source of carbon, and the electron donors"
],
"answer_start": [
356
]
} |
572fbb81947a6a140053cbf6 | Bacteria | Carbon metabolism in bacteria is either heterotrophic, where organic carbon compounds are used as carbon sources, or autotrophic, meaning that cellular carbon is obtained by fixing carbon dioxide. Heterotrophic bacteria include parasitic types. Typical autotrophic bacteria are phototrophic cyanobacteria, green sulfur-b... | How does heterotrophic carbon metabolism occur? | {
"text": [
"organic carbon compounds are used as carbon sources"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
572fbb81947a6a140053cbf7 | Bacteria | Carbon metabolism in bacteria is either heterotrophic, where organic carbon compounds are used as carbon sources, or autotrophic, meaning that cellular carbon is obtained by fixing carbon dioxide. Heterotrophic bacteria include parasitic types. Typical autotrophic bacteria are phototrophic cyanobacteria, green sulfur-b... | When carbon metabolism is called autotrophic? | {
"text": [
"cellular carbon is obtained by fixing carbon dioxide"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.