id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 25.7k | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5731b311b9d445190005e46b | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson's metaphor of a wall of separation has been cited repeatedly by the U.S. Supreme Court. In Reynolds v. United States (1879) the Court wrote that Jefferson's comments "may be accepted almost as an authoritative declaration of the scope and effect of the [First] Amendment." In Everson v. Board of Education (194... | Who made a metaphor about a wall of separation? | {
"text": [
"Jefferson"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5731b311b9d445190005e46c | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson's metaphor of a wall of separation has been cited repeatedly by the U.S. Supreme Court. In Reynolds v. United States (1879) the Court wrote that Jefferson's comments "may be accepted almost as an authoritative declaration of the scope and effect of the [First] Amendment." In Everson v. Board of Education (194... | What has the U.S. Supreme Court repeatedly cited? | {
"text": [
"metaphor"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
5731b311b9d445190005e46d | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson's metaphor of a wall of separation has been cited repeatedly by the U.S. Supreme Court. In Reynolds v. United States (1879) the Court wrote that Jefferson's comments "may be accepted almost as an authoritative declaration of the scope and effect of the [First] Amendment." In Everson v. Board of Education (194... | When was the case of Reynolds v. United States? | {
"text": [
"1879"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
5731b311b9d445190005e46e | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson's metaphor of a wall of separation has been cited repeatedly by the U.S. Supreme Court. In Reynolds v. United States (1879) the Court wrote that Jefferson's comments "may be accepted almost as an authoritative declaration of the scope and effect of the [First] Amendment." In Everson v. Board of Education (194... | What did the Court write about Jefferson's comments as it related to the scope and effect of the First Amendment? | {
"text": [
"authoritative declaration"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
5731b311b9d445190005e46f | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson's metaphor of a wall of separation has been cited repeatedly by the U.S. Supreme Court. In Reynolds v. United States (1879) the Court wrote that Jefferson's comments "may be accepted almost as an authoritative declaration of the scope and effect of the [First] Amendment." In Everson v. Board of Education (194... | What was the clause against establishment of religion by law intended to erect? | {
"text": [
"a wall of separation between church and state"
],
"answer_start": [
459
]
} |
5731b3b7b9d445190005e475 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Many early immigrant groups traveled to America to worship freely, particularly after the English Civil War and religious conflict in France and Germany. They included nonconformists like the Puritans, who were Protestant Christians fleeing religious persecution from the Anglican King of England. Despite a common backg... | What was one of the reason early immigrant groups came to America? | {
"text": [
"to worship freely"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
5731b3b7b9d445190005e476 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Many early immigrant groups traveled to America to worship freely, particularly after the English Civil War and religious conflict in France and Germany. They included nonconformists like the Puritans, who were Protestant Christians fleeing religious persecution from the Anglican King of England. Despite a common backg... | What were Protestant Christians fleeing from? | {
"text": [
"religious persecution"
],
"answer_start": [
241
]
} |
5731b3b7b9d445190005e477 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Many early immigrant groups traveled to America to worship freely, particularly after the English Civil War and religious conflict in France and Germany. They included nonconformists like the Puritans, who were Protestant Christians fleeing religious persecution from the Anglican King of England. Despite a common backg... | Who was persecuting the Puritans? | {
"text": [
"King of England"
],
"answer_start": [
281
]
} |
5731b3b7b9d445190005e478 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Many early immigrant groups traveled to America to worship freely, particularly after the English Civil War and religious conflict in France and Germany. They included nonconformists like the Puritans, who were Protestant Christians fleeing religious persecution from the Anglican King of England. Despite a common backg... | What did William Penn ensure the protection of in his colony? | {
"text": [
"religious minorities"
],
"answer_start": [
490
]
} |
5731b3b7b9d445190005e479 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Many early immigrant groups traveled to America to worship freely, particularly after the English Civil War and religious conflict in France and Germany. They included nonconformists like the Puritans, who were Protestant Christians fleeing religious persecution from the Anglican King of England. Despite a common backg... | What did the Plymouth Colony and Massachusetts Bay Colony both establish? | {
"text": [
"churches"
],
"answer_start": [
611
]
} |
5731b46ee99e3014001e61e6 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | ^Note 2: in 1789 the Georgia Constitution was amended as follows: "Article IV. Section 10. No person within this state shall, upon any pretense, be deprived of the inestimable privilege of worshipping God in any manner agreeable to his own conscience, nor be compelled to attend any place of worship contrary to his own ... | What may no person within Georgia be deprived of the privilege of doing in any manner agreeable to them? | {
"text": [
"worshipping God"
],
"answer_start": [
189
]
} |
5731b46ee99e3014001e61e7 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | ^Note 2: in 1789 the Georgia Constitution was amended as follows: "Article IV. Section 10. No person within this state shall, upon any pretense, be deprived of the inestimable privilege of worshipping God in any manner agreeable to his own conscience, nor be compelled to attend any place of worship contrary to his own ... | When was the Georgia Constitution amended to add Article IV, Section 10? | {
"text": [
"1789"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
5731b46ee99e3014001e61e8 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | ^Note 2: in 1789 the Georgia Constitution was amended as follows: "Article IV. Section 10. No person within this state shall, upon any pretense, be deprived of the inestimable privilege of worshipping God in any manner agreeable to his own conscience, nor be compelled to attend any place of worship contrary to his own ... | What can a citizen of Georgia not be compelled to do? | {
"text": [
"attend any place of worship contrary to his own faith and judgment"
],
"answer_start": [
272
]
} |
5731b46ee99e3014001e61e9 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | ^Note 2: in 1789 the Georgia Constitution was amended as follows: "Article IV. Section 10. No person within this state shall, upon any pretense, be deprived of the inestimable privilege of worshipping God in any manner agreeable to his own conscience, nor be compelled to attend any place of worship contrary to his own ... | What is constitutionally forbidden to be established in the state of Georgia? | {
"text": [
"No one religious society"
],
"answer_start": [
591
]
} |
5731b46ee99e3014001e61ea | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | ^Note 2: in 1789 the Georgia Constitution was amended as follows: "Article IV. Section 10. No person within this state shall, upon any pretense, be deprived of the inestimable privilege of worshipping God in any manner agreeable to his own conscience, nor be compelled to attend any place of worship contrary to his own ... | What will no person be denied the enjoyment of in Georgia based on their religious principles? | {
"text": [
"any civil right"
],
"answer_start": [
731
]
} |
5731b510e99e3014001e61f0 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | ^Note 5: The North Carolina Constitution of 1776 disestablished the Anglican church, but until 1835 the NC Constitution allowed only Protestants to hold public office. From 1835-1876 it allowed only Christians (including Catholics) to hold public office. Article VI, Section 8 of the current NC Constitution forbids only... | When did the North Carolina Constitution disestablish the Anglican church? | {
"text": [
"1776"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
5731b510e99e3014001e61f1 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | ^Note 5: The North Carolina Constitution of 1776 disestablished the Anglican church, but until 1835 the NC Constitution allowed only Protestants to hold public office. From 1835-1876 it allowed only Christians (including Catholics) to hold public office. Article VI, Section 8 of the current NC Constitution forbids only... | What religious denomination was the only one allowed to hold public office in NC until 1835? | {
"text": [
"Protestants"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
5731b510e99e3014001e61f2 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | ^Note 5: The North Carolina Constitution of 1776 disestablished the Anglican church, but until 1835 the NC Constitution allowed only Protestants to hold public office. From 1835-1876 it allowed only Christians (including Catholics) to hold public office. Article VI, Section 8 of the current NC Constitution forbids only... | What category did the NC Constitution broaden the people allowed to hold public office to from 1835 to 1876? | {
"text": [
"Christians"
],
"answer_start": [
199
]
} |
5731b510e99e3014001e61f3 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | ^Note 5: The North Carolina Constitution of 1776 disestablished the Anglican church, but until 1835 the NC Constitution allowed only Protestants to hold public office. From 1835-1876 it allowed only Christians (including Catholics) to hold public office. Article VI, Section 8 of the current NC Constitution forbids only... | What part of the NC Constitution forbids atheists from holding public office? | {
"text": [
"Article VI, Section 8"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
5731b510e99e3014001e61f4 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | ^Note 5: The North Carolina Constitution of 1776 disestablished the Anglican church, but until 1835 the NC Constitution allowed only Protestants to hold public office. From 1835-1876 it allowed only Christians (including Catholics) to hold public office. Article VI, Section 8 of the current NC Constitution forbids only... | When did the U.S. Supreme Court rule clauses forbidding people from holding public office based on their religion was unenforceable? | {
"text": [
"1961"
],
"answer_start": [
443
]
} |
5731b5b50fdd8d15006c646f | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The Flushing Remonstrance shows support for separation of church and state as early as the mid-17th century, stating their opposition to religious persecution of any sort: "The law of love, peace and liberty in the states extending to Jews, Turks and Egyptians, as they are considered sons of Adam, which is the glory of... | What shows support for the separation of church and state as early as the mid-17th century? | {
"text": [
"The Flushing Remonstrance"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5731b5b50fdd8d15006c6470 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The Flushing Remonstrance shows support for separation of church and state as early as the mid-17th century, stating their opposition to religious persecution of any sort: "The law of love, peace and liberty in the states extending to Jews, Turks and Egyptians, as they are considered sons of Adam, which is the glory of... | What were the Remonstrance opposed to? | {
"text": [
"religious persecution of any sort"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
} |
5731b5b50fdd8d15006c6471 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The Flushing Remonstrance shows support for separation of church and state as early as the mid-17th century, stating their opposition to religious persecution of any sort: "The law of love, peace and liberty in the states extending to Jews, Turks and Egyptians, as they are considered sons of Adam, which is the glory of... | When did a group of English citizens sign a document condemning hatred, war and bondage? | {
"text": [
"December 27, 1657"
],
"answer_start": [
472
]
} |
5731b5b50fdd8d15006c6472 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The Flushing Remonstrance shows support for separation of church and state as early as the mid-17th century, stating their opposition to religious persecution of any sort: "The law of love, peace and liberty in the states extending to Jews, Turks and Egyptians, as they are considered sons of Adam, which is the glory of... | Who were the signers of the document affronted by the persecution of? | {
"text": [
"Quakers"
],
"answer_start": [
569
]
} |
5731b5b50fdd8d15006c6473 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The Flushing Remonstrance shows support for separation of church and state as early as the mid-17th century, stating their opposition to religious persecution of any sort: "The law of love, peace and liberty in the states extending to Jews, Turks and Egyptians, as they are considered sons of Adam, which is the glory of... | What had Peter Stuyvesant formally banned all of other than the Dutch Reformed Church? | {
"text": [
"religions"
],
"answer_start": [
692
]
} |
5731b690b9d445190005e49d | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | There were also opponents to the support of any established church even at the state level. In 1773, Isaac Backus, a prominent Baptist minister in New England, wrote against a state sanctioned religion, saying: "Now who can hear Christ declare, that his kingdom is, not of this world, and yet believe that this blending ... | What did an established church, even at the state level, have? | {
"text": [
"opponents"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
5731b690b9d445190005e49e | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | There were also opponents to the support of any established church even at the state level. In 1773, Isaac Backus, a prominent Baptist minister in New England, wrote against a state sanctioned religion, saying: "Now who can hear Christ declare, that his kingdom is, not of this world, and yet believe that this blending ... | What was Issac Backus' profession? | {
"text": [
"Baptist minister"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
5731b690b9d445190005e49f | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | There were also opponents to the support of any established church even at the state level. In 1773, Isaac Backus, a prominent Baptist minister in New England, wrote against a state sanctioned religion, saying: "Now who can hear Christ declare, that his kingdom is, not of this world, and yet believe that this blending ... | What region did Isaac Backus come from? | {
"text": [
"New England"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} |
5731b690b9d445190005e4a0 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | There were also opponents to the support of any established church even at the state level. In 1773, Isaac Backus, a prominent Baptist minister in New England, wrote against a state sanctioned religion, saying: "Now who can hear Christ declare, that his kingdom is, not of this world, and yet believe that this blending ... | When did Isaac Backus write against a state sanctioned religion? | {
"text": [
"1773"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
5731b690b9d445190005e4a1 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | There were also opponents to the support of any established church even at the state level. In 1773, Isaac Backus, a prominent Baptist minister in New England, wrote against a state sanctioned religion, saying: "Now who can hear Christ declare, that his kingdom is, not of this world, and yet believe that this blending ... | When was Thomas Jefferson's Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom enacted? | {
"text": [
"1786"
],
"answer_start": [
707
]
} |
5731b71e0fdd8d15006c6483 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The phrase "[A] hedge or wall of separation between the garden of the church and the wilderness of the world" was first used by Baptist theologian Roger Williams, the founder of the colony of Rhode Island, in his 1644 book The Bloody Tenent of Persecution. The phrase was later used by Thomas Jefferson as a description ... | Who was Roger Williams? | {
"text": [
"Baptist theologian"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
5731b71e0fdd8d15006c6484 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The phrase "[A] hedge or wall of separation between the garden of the church and the wilderness of the world" was first used by Baptist theologian Roger Williams, the founder of the colony of Rhode Island, in his 1644 book The Bloody Tenent of Persecution. The phrase was later used by Thomas Jefferson as a description ... | What phrase did Roger Williams first use? | {
"text": [
"\"[A] hedge or wall of separation between the garden of the church and the wilderness of the world\""
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
5731b71e0fdd8d15006c6485 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The phrase "[A] hedge or wall of separation between the garden of the church and the wilderness of the world" was first used by Baptist theologian Roger Williams, the founder of the colony of Rhode Island, in his 1644 book The Bloody Tenent of Persecution. The phrase was later used by Thomas Jefferson as a description ... | What colony was Roger Williams the founder of? | {
"text": [
"Rhode Island"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
5731b71e0fdd8d15006c6486 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The phrase "[A] hedge or wall of separation between the garden of the church and the wilderness of the world" was first used by Baptist theologian Roger Williams, the founder of the colony of Rhode Island, in his 1644 book The Bloody Tenent of Persecution. The phrase was later used by Thomas Jefferson as a description ... | When was the book The Bloody Tenent of Persecution published? | {
"text": [
"1644"
],
"answer_start": [
213
]
} |
5731b71e0fdd8d15006c6487 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The phrase "[A] hedge or wall of separation between the garden of the church and the wilderness of the world" was first used by Baptist theologian Roger Williams, the founder of the colony of Rhode Island, in his 1644 book The Bloody Tenent of Persecution. The phrase was later used by Thomas Jefferson as a description ... | Who used William's phrase as a description of the First Amendment and its restriction on the legislative branch? | {
"text": [
"Thomas Jefferson"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} |
5731b79a0fdd8d15006c648d | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson and James Madison's conceptions of separation have long been debated. Jefferson refused to issue Proclamations of Thanksgiving sent to him by Congress during his presidency, though he did issue a Thanksgiving and Prayer proclamation as Governor of Virginia. Madison issued four religious proclamations while Pr... | Whose conceptions of separation have long been argued over? | {
"text": [
"Jefferson and James Madison's"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5731b79a0fdd8d15006c648e | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson and James Madison's conceptions of separation have long been debated. Jefferson refused to issue Proclamations of Thanksgiving sent to him by Congress during his presidency, though he did issue a Thanksgiving and Prayer proclamation as Governor of Virginia. Madison issued four religious proclamations while Pr... | What did Jefferson refuse to issue, when it was sent to him by Congress during his presidency? | {
"text": [
"Proclamations of Thanksgiving"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
5731b79a0fdd8d15006c6490 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson and James Madison's conceptions of separation have long been debated. Jefferson refused to issue Proclamations of Thanksgiving sent to him by Congress during his presidency, though he did issue a Thanksgiving and Prayer proclamation as Governor of Virginia. Madison issued four religious proclamations while Pr... | Where did both Jefferson and Madison attend religious services? | {
"text": [
"at the Capitol"
],
"answer_start": [
474
]
} |
5731b79a0fdd8d15006c648f | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson and James Madison's conceptions of separation have long been debated. Jefferson refused to issue Proclamations of Thanksgiving sent to him by Congress during his presidency, though he did issue a Thanksgiving and Prayer proclamation as Governor of Virginia. Madison issued four religious proclamations while Pr... | How many religious proclamations did Madison issue while President? | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
5731b79a0fdd8d15006c6491 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson and James Madison's conceptions of separation have long been debated. Jefferson refused to issue Proclamations of Thanksgiving sent to him by Congress during his presidency, though he did issue a Thanksgiving and Prayer proclamation as Governor of Virginia. Madison issued four religious proclamations while Pr... | What is essential to the purity of both religion and civil government? | {
"text": [
"practical distinction"
],
"answer_start": [
940
]
} |
5731b868e17f3d1400422311 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson's opponents said his position was the destruction and the governmental rejection of Christianity, but this was a caricature. In setting up the University of Virginia, Jefferson encouraged all the separate sects to have preachers of their own, though there was a constitutional ban on the State supporting a Pro... | What did Jefferson's opponents accuse him of wanting to do to Christianity? | {
"text": [
"destruction"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
5731b868e17f3d1400422312 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson's opponents said his position was the destruction and the governmental rejection of Christianity, but this was a caricature. In setting up the University of Virginia, Jefferson encouraged all the separate sects to have preachers of their own, though there was a constitutional ban on the State supporting a Pro... | What did Jefferson encourage the separate sects at the University of Virginia to have of their own? | {
"text": [
"preachers"
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} |
5731b868e17f3d1400422313 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson's opponents said his position was the destruction and the governmental rejection of Christianity, but this was a caricature. In setting up the University of Virginia, Jefferson encouraged all the separate sects to have preachers of their own, though there was a constitutional ban on the State supporting a Pro... | How was the state banned from supporting a Professorship of Divinity? | {
"text": [
"Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom"
],
"answer_start": [
365
]
} |
5731b868e17f3d1400422314 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson's opponents said his position was the destruction and the governmental rejection of Christianity, but this was a caricature. In setting up the University of Virginia, Jefferson encouraged all the separate sects to have preachers of their own, though there was a constitutional ban on the State supporting a Pro... | What scheme did Jefferson apparently support when it came to University students? | {
"text": [
"attend religious worship each morning"
],
"answer_start": [
629
]
} |
5731b868e17f3d1400422315 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson's opponents said his position was the destruction and the governmental rejection of Christianity, but this was a caricature. In setting up the University of Virginia, Jefferson encouraged all the separate sects to have preachers of their own, though there was a constitutional ban on the State supporting a Pro... | What does Mark David Hall think people focus on way too much? | {
"text": [
"one Jeffersonian letter"
],
"answer_start": [
889
]
} |
5731b8f8e17f3d1400422325 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson's letter entered American jurisprudence in the 1878 Mormon polygamy case Reynolds v. U.S., in which the court cited Jefferson and Madison, seeking a legal definition for the word religion. Writing for the majority, Justice Stephen Johnson Field cited Jefferson's Letter to the Danbury Baptists to state that "C... | When did Jefferson's letter enter American jurisprudence? | {
"text": [
"1878"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
5731b8f8e17f3d1400422326 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson's letter entered American jurisprudence in the 1878 Mormon polygamy case Reynolds v. U.S., in which the court cited Jefferson and Madison, seeking a legal definition for the word religion. Writing for the majority, Justice Stephen Johnson Field cited Jefferson's Letter to the Danbury Baptists to state that "C... | What was the case that used Jefferson's letter? | {
"text": [
"Reynolds v. U.S."
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
5731b8f8e17f3d1400422327 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson's letter entered American jurisprudence in the 1878 Mormon polygamy case Reynolds v. U.S., in which the court cited Jefferson and Madison, seeking a legal definition for the word religion. Writing for the majority, Justice Stephen Johnson Field cited Jefferson's Letter to the Danbury Baptists to state that "C... | What was the topic of Reynolds v. U.S.? | {
"text": [
"Mormon polygamy"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
5731b8f8e17f3d1400422328 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson's letter entered American jurisprudence in the 1878 Mormon polygamy case Reynolds v. U.S., in which the court cited Jefferson and Madison, seeking a legal definition for the word religion. Writing for the majority, Justice Stephen Johnson Field cited Jefferson's Letter to the Danbury Baptists to state that "C... | What was the court seeking, in using Jefferson's letter? | {
"text": [
"legal definition for the word religion"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
5731b8f8e17f3d1400422329 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson's letter entered American jurisprudence in the 1878 Mormon polygamy case Reynolds v. U.S., in which the court cited Jefferson and Madison, seeking a legal definition for the word religion. Writing for the majority, Justice Stephen Johnson Field cited Jefferson's Letter to the Danbury Baptists to state that "C... | What did the court rule outlawing polygamy was? | {
"text": [
"constitutional"
],
"answer_start": [
553
]
} |
5731b9d9b9d445190005e4c5 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson and Madison's approach was not the only one taken in the eighteenth century. Jefferson's Statute of Religious Freedom was drafted in opposition to a bill, chiefly supported by Patrick Henry, which would permit any Virginian to belong to any denomination, but which would require him to belong to some denominat... | What approach was not the only one taken in the 18th century? | {
"text": [
"Jefferson and Madison's"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5731b9d9b9d445190005e4c6 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson and Madison's approach was not the only one taken in the eighteenth century. Jefferson's Statute of Religious Freedom was drafted in opposition to a bill, chiefly supported by Patrick Henry, which would permit any Virginian to belong to any denomination, but which would require him to belong to some denominat... | What did Jefferson draft his Statute of Religious Freedom in opposition to? | {
"text": [
"a bill"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
5731b9d9b9d445190005e4c7 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson and Madison's approach was not the only one taken in the eighteenth century. Jefferson's Statute of Religious Freedom was drafted in opposition to a bill, chiefly supported by Patrick Henry, which would permit any Virginian to belong to any denomination, but which would require him to belong to some denominat... | Who was the chief supporter of the bill that got Jefferson motivated to draft his Statute? | {
"text": [
"Patrick Henry"
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} |
5731b9d9b9d445190005e4c8 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson and Madison's approach was not the only one taken in the eighteenth century. Jefferson's Statute of Religious Freedom was drafted in opposition to a bill, chiefly supported by Patrick Henry, which would permit any Virginian to belong to any denomination, but which would require him to belong to some denominat... | What did Patrick Henry want to require Virginians to pay taxes to support? | {
"text": [
"some denomination"
],
"answer_start": [
306
]
} |
5731b9d9b9d445190005e4c9 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson and Madison's approach was not the only one taken in the eighteenth century. Jefferson's Statute of Religious Freedom was drafted in opposition to a bill, chiefly supported by Patrick Henry, which would permit any Virginian to belong to any denomination, but which would require him to belong to some denominat... | What did the Constitution of Massachusetts express no one would be restrained from doing? | {
"text": [
"worshipping God"
],
"answer_start": [
514
]
} |
5731ba670fdd8d15006c64ab | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The Duke of York had required that every community in his new lands of New York and New Jersey support some church, but this was more often Dutch Reformed, Quaker or Presbyterian, than Anglican. Some chose to support more than one church. He also ordained that the tax-payers were free, having paid his local tax, to cho... | What did the Duke of York require every community in his lands to support? | {
"text": [
"some church"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
5731ba670fdd8d15006c64ac | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The Duke of York had required that every community in his new lands of New York and New Jersey support some church, but this was more often Dutch Reformed, Quaker or Presbyterian, than Anglican. Some chose to support more than one church. He also ordained that the tax-payers were free, having paid his local tax, to cho... | Instead of Anglican, what were the churches most often supported in New York and New Jersey? | {
"text": [
"Dutch Reformed, Quaker or Presbyterian"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
5731ba670fdd8d15006c64ad | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The Duke of York had required that every community in his new lands of New York and New Jersey support some church, but this was more often Dutch Reformed, Quaker or Presbyterian, than Anglican. Some chose to support more than one church. He also ordained that the tax-payers were free, having paid his local tax, to cho... | What were taxpayers free to do after they paid the Duke of York his local tax? | {
"text": [
"to choose their own church"
],
"answer_start": [
314
]
} |
5731ba670fdd8d15006c64ae | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The Duke of York had required that every community in his new lands of New York and New Jersey support some church, but this was more often Dutch Reformed, Quaker or Presbyterian, than Anglican. Some chose to support more than one church. He also ordained that the tax-payers were free, having paid his local tax, to cho... | Why was the Duke not a friend of Anglicanism? | {
"text": [
"openly divine-right Catholic,"
],
"answer_start": [
469
]
} |
5731ba670fdd8d15006c64af | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The Duke of York had required that every community in his new lands of New York and New Jersey support some church, but this was more often Dutch Reformed, Quaker or Presbyterian, than Anglican. Some chose to support more than one church. He also ordained that the tax-payers were free, having paid his local tax, to cho... | When did the first Anglican minister arrive in New Jersey? | {
"text": [
"1698"
],
"answer_start": [
582
]
} |
5731bb10b9d445190005e4cf | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The original charter of the Province of East Jersey had restricted membership in the Assembly to Christians; the Duke of York was fervently Catholic, and the proprietors of Perth Amboy, New Jersey were Scottish Catholic peers. The Province of West Jersey had declared, in 1681, that there should be no religious test for... | What did the original charter of the Province of East Jersey restrict membership in its Assembly to? | {
"text": [
"Christians"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
5731bb10b9d445190005e4d0 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The original charter of the Province of East Jersey had restricted membership in the Assembly to Christians; the Duke of York was fervently Catholic, and the proprietors of Perth Amboy, New Jersey were Scottish Catholic peers. The Province of West Jersey had declared, in 1681, that there should be no religious test for... | What was the Duke of York's relationship to his religion described as being? | {
"text": [
"fervently Catholic"
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
} |
5731bb10b9d445190005e4d1 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The original charter of the Province of East Jersey had restricted membership in the Assembly to Christians; the Duke of York was fervently Catholic, and the proprietors of Perth Amboy, New Jersey were Scottish Catholic peers. The Province of West Jersey had declared, in 1681, that there should be no religious test for... | What religious sect were the proprietors of Perth Amboy? | {
"text": [
"Scottish Catholic"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
5731bb10b9d445190005e4d2 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The original charter of the Province of East Jersey had restricted membership in the Assembly to Christians; the Duke of York was fervently Catholic, and the proprietors of Perth Amboy, New Jersey were Scottish Catholic peers. The Province of West Jersey had declared, in 1681, that there should be no religious test for... | What did the Province of West Jersey specify there would not be for those running for an office, in 1681? | {
"text": [
"religious test"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
5731bb10b9d445190005e4d3 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The original charter of the Province of East Jersey had restricted membership in the Assembly to Christians; the Duke of York was fervently Catholic, and the proprietors of Perth Amboy, New Jersey were Scottish Catholic peers. The Province of West Jersey had declared, in 1681, that there should be no religious test for... | When was an oath requiring militia to abjure the pretensions of the pope replaced? | {
"text": [
"1799"
],
"answer_start": [
548
]
} |
5731bbb5e99e3014001e622c | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The first amendment to the US Constitution states "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof" The two parts, known as the "establishment clause" and the "free exercise clause" respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations ... | What does the first amendment to the US Constitution state? | {
"text": [
"\"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof\""
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
5731bbb5e99e3014001e622d | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The first amendment to the US Constitution states "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof" The two parts, known as the "establishment clause" and the "free exercise clause" respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations ... | What is the first part of the First Amendment know as? | {
"text": [
"\"establishment clause\""
],
"answer_start": [
189
]
} |
5731bbb5e99e3014001e622e | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The first amendment to the US Constitution states "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof" The two parts, known as the "establishment clause" and the "free exercise clause" respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations ... | What is the last part of the sentence of the First Amendment known as? | {
"text": [
"\"free exercise clause\""
],
"answer_start": [
220
]
} |
5731bbb5e99e3014001e622f | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The first amendment to the US Constitution states "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof" The two parts, known as the "establishment clause" and the "free exercise clause" respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations ... | What do the two clauses of the First Amendment for the basis of? | {
"text": [
"the Supreme Court's interpretations of the \"separation of church and state\" doctrine."
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
5731bbb5e99e3014001e6230 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The first amendment to the US Constitution states "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof" The two parts, known as the "establishment clause" and the "free exercise clause" respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations ... | What are citizens of the United States free to embrace or reject as they choose? | {
"text": [
"a faith"
],
"answer_start": [
677
]
} |
5731bcdc0fdd8d15006c64c3 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Some legal scholars, such as John Baker of LSU, theorize that Madison's initial proposed language—that Congress should make no law regarding the establishment of a "national religion"—was rejected by the House, in favor of the more general "religion" in an effort to appease the Anti-Federalists. To both the Anti-Federa... | What is John Baker of LSU's profession? | {
"text": [
"legal scholars"
],
"answer_start": [
5
]
} |
5731bcdc0fdd8d15006c64c4 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Some legal scholars, such as John Baker of LSU, theorize that Madison's initial proposed language—that Congress should make no law regarding the establishment of a "national religion"—was rejected by the House, in favor of the more general "religion" in an effort to appease the Anti-Federalists. To both the Anti-Federa... | Why was a more general "religion" used in the language of the First Amendment? | {
"text": [
"to appease the Anti-Federalists"
],
"answer_start": [
264
]
} |
5731bcdc0fdd8d15006c64c5 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Some legal scholars, such as John Baker of LSU, theorize that Madison's initial proposed language—that Congress should make no law regarding the establishment of a "national religion"—was rejected by the House, in favor of the more general "religion" in an effort to appease the Anti-Federalists. To both the Anti-Federa... | Why was the word "national" a cause for alarm to both Federalists and Anti-Federalists? | {
"text": [
"because of the experience under the British crown"
],
"answer_start": [
394
]
} |
5731bcdc0fdd8d15006c64c6 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Some legal scholars, such as John Baker of LSU, theorize that Madison's initial proposed language—that Congress should make no law regarding the establishment of a "national religion"—was rejected by the House, in favor of the more general "religion" in an effort to appease the Anti-Federalists. To both the Anti-Federa... | Who took issue with Madison's language during the debate over the establishment clause? | {
"text": [
"Elbridge Gerry"
],
"answer_start": [
499
]
} |
5731bcdc0fdd8d15006c64c7 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Some legal scholars, such as John Baker of LSU, theorize that Madison's initial proposed language—that Congress should make no law regarding the establishment of a "national religion"—was rejected by the House, in favor of the more general "religion" in an effort to appease the Anti-Federalists. To both the Anti-Federa... | What was Elbridge Gerry's constituency? | {
"text": [
"Massachusetts"
],
"answer_start": [
517
]
} |
5731bd5e0fdd8d15006c64cd | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Others, such as Rep. Roger Sherman of Connecticut, believed the clause was unnecessary because the original Constitution only gave Congress stated powers, which did not include establishing a national religion. Anti-Federalists such as Rep. Thomas Tucker of South Carolina moved to strike the establishment clause comple... | Where was Representative Roger Sherman from? | {
"text": [
"Connecticut"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
5731bd5e0fdd8d15006c64ce | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Others, such as Rep. Roger Sherman of Connecticut, believed the clause was unnecessary because the original Constitution only gave Congress stated powers, which did not include establishing a national religion. Anti-Federalists such as Rep. Thomas Tucker of South Carolina moved to strike the establishment clause comple... | Why did Sherman believe the establishment clause was unnecessary? | {
"text": [
"Constitution only gave Congress stated powers"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
5731bd5e0fdd8d15006c64cf | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Others, such as Rep. Roger Sherman of Connecticut, believed the clause was unnecessary because the original Constitution only gave Congress stated powers, which did not include establishing a national religion. Anti-Federalists such as Rep. Thomas Tucker of South Carolina moved to strike the establishment clause comple... | What power was not granted to Congress by the Constitution? | {
"text": [
"establishing a national religion"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
5731bd5e0fdd8d15006c64d1 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Others, such as Rep. Roger Sherman of Connecticut, believed the clause was unnecessary because the original Constitution only gave Congress stated powers, which did not include establishing a national religion. Anti-Federalists such as Rep. Thomas Tucker of South Carolina moved to strike the establishment clause comple... | What was Tucker concerned the establishment clause could preempt? | {
"text": [
"religious clauses in the state constitutions"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
5731bd5e0fdd8d15006c64d0 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Others, such as Rep. Roger Sherman of Connecticut, believed the clause was unnecessary because the original Constitution only gave Congress stated powers, which did not include establishing a national religion. Anti-Federalists such as Rep. Thomas Tucker of South Carolina moved to strike the establishment clause comple... | Where was Representative Thomas Tucker from? | {
"text": [
"South Carolina"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
} |
5731bde8b9d445190005e4f7 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Amendment XIV) is one of the post-Civil War amendments, intended to secure rights for former slaves. It includes the due process and equal protection clauses among others. The amendment introduces the concept of incorporation of all relevant federal rights aga... | When was the 14th Amendment to the US Constitution created? | {
"text": [
"post-Civil War"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
5731bde8b9d445190005e4f8 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Amendment XIV) is one of the post-Civil War amendments, intended to secure rights for former slaves. It includes the due process and equal protection clauses among others. The amendment introduces the concept of incorporation of all relevant federal rights aga... | What was the intent of the 14th Amendment? | {
"text": [
"secure rights for former slaves"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
5731bde8b9d445190005e4fa | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Amendment XIV) is one of the post-Civil War amendments, intended to secure rights for former slaves. It includes the due process and equal protection clauses among others. The amendment introduces the concept of incorporation of all relevant federal rights aga... | What does the 14th Amendment also introduce the concept of? | {
"text": [
"incorporation of all relevant federal rights against the states"
],
"answer_start": [
272
]
} |
5731bde8b9d445190005e4f9 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Amendment XIV) is one of the post-Civil War amendments, intended to secure rights for former slaves. It includes the due process and equal protection clauses among others. The amendment introduces the concept of incorporation of all relevant federal rights aga... | What clauses does the 14th Amendment include? | {
"text": [
"due process and equal protection clauses"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
5731bde8b9d445190005e4fb | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Amendment XIV) is one of the post-Civil War amendments, intended to secure rights for former slaves. It includes the due process and equal protection clauses among others. The amendment introduces the concept of incorporation of all relevant federal rights aga... | What has the doctrine of incorporation been used to ensure? | {
"text": [
"application of most of the rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights to the states"
],
"answer_start": [
506
]
} |
5731bedce99e3014001e623e | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The incorporation of the First Amendment establishment clause in the landmark case of Everson v. Board of Education has impacted the subsequent interpretation of the separation of church and state in regard to the state governments. Although upholding the state law in that case, which provided for public busing to priv... | What landmark case has impacted all subsequent interpretations of the separation of church and state in regard to state governments? | {
"text": [
"Everson v. Board of Education"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
5731bedce99e3014001e623f | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The incorporation of the First Amendment establishment clause in the landmark case of Everson v. Board of Education has impacted the subsequent interpretation of the separation of church and state in regard to the state governments. Although upholding the state law in that case, which provided for public busing to priv... | What did the Supreme Court uphold in Everson v. Board of Education? | {
"text": [
"state law"
],
"answer_start": [
256
]
} |
5731bedce99e3014001e6240 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The incorporation of the First Amendment establishment clause in the landmark case of Everson v. Board of Education has impacted the subsequent interpretation of the separation of church and state in regard to the state governments. Although upholding the state law in that case, which provided for public busing to priv... | What did the Supreme Court hold the First Amendment establishment clause was fully applicable to? | {
"text": [
"state governments"
],
"answer_start": [
440
]
} |
5731bedce99e3014001e6241 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The incorporation of the First Amendment establishment clause in the landmark case of Everson v. Board of Education has impacted the subsequent interpretation of the separation of church and state in regard to the state governments. Although upholding the state law in that case, which provided for public busing to priv... | What was a recent case involving the application of the principle of the establishment clause against states? | {
"text": [
"Board of Education of Kiryas Joel Village School District v. Grumet"
],
"answer_start": [
545
]
} |
5731bedce99e3014001e6242 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The incorporation of the First Amendment establishment clause in the landmark case of Everson v. Board of Education has impacted the subsequent interpretation of the separation of church and state in regard to the state governments. Although upholding the state law in that case, which provided for public busing to priv... | When was the case of v. Grumet? | {
"text": [
"1994"
],
"answer_start": [
614
]
} |
5731c1e2e99e3014001e6252 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson's concept of "separation of church and state" first became a part of Establishment Clause jurisprudence in Reynolds v. U.S., 98 U.S. 145 (1878). In that case, the court examined the history of religious liberty in the US, determining that while the constitution guarantees religious freedom, "The word 'religio... | What did Jefferson's concept of 'separation of church and state" became part of what jurisprudence? | {
"text": [
"Establishment Clause"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
5731c1e2e99e3014001e6253 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson's concept of "separation of church and state" first became a part of Establishment Clause jurisprudence in Reynolds v. U.S., 98 U.S. 145 (1878). In that case, the court examined the history of religious liberty in the US, determining that while the constitution guarantees religious freedom, "The word 'religio... | What case was Jefferson's concept apropos to? | {
"text": [
"Reynolds v. U.S., 98 U.S. 145"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
5731c1e2e99e3014001e6254 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson's concept of "separation of church and state" first became a part of Establishment Clause jurisprudence in Reynolds v. U.S., 98 U.S. 145 (1878). In that case, the court examined the history of religious liberty in the US, determining that while the constitution guarantees religious freedom, "The word 'religio... | What does the constitution guarantee when it comes to religion? | {
"text": [
"freedom"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} |
5731c1e2e99e3014001e6255 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson's concept of "separation of church and state" first became a part of Establishment Clause jurisprudence in Reynolds v. U.S., 98 U.S. 145 (1878). In that case, the court examined the history of religious liberty in the US, determining that while the constitution guarantees religious freedom, "The word 'religio... | What word is not defined in the Constitution? | {
"text": [
"religion"
],
"answer_start": [
313
]
} |
5731c1e2e99e3014001e6256 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson's concept of "separation of church and state" first became a part of Establishment Clause jurisprudence in Reynolds v. U.S., 98 U.S. 145 (1878). In that case, the court examined the history of religious liberty in the US, determining that while the constitution guarantees religious freedom, "The word 'religio... | Who had Jefferson's letter been sent to? | {
"text": [
"the Danbury Baptists"
],
"answer_start": [
759
]
} |
5731c3a2b9d445190005e51f | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The centrality of the "separation" concept to the Religion Clauses of the Constitution was made explicit in Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1 (1947), a case dealing with a New Jersey law that allowed government funds to pay for transportation of students to both public and Catholic schools. This was the first c... | When was the centrality of the "separation" concept to the Religion Clauses of the Constitution made explicit? | {
"text": [
"1947"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} |
5731c3a2b9d445190005e521 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The centrality of the "separation" concept to the Religion Clauses of the Constitution was made explicit in Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1 (1947), a case dealing with a New Jersey law that allowed government funds to pay for transportation of students to both public and Catholic schools. This was the first c... | What was the topic of the Everson v. Board of Education? | {
"text": [
"government funds to pay for transportation of students to both public and Catholic schools"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
5731c3a2b9d445190005e520 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The centrality of the "separation" concept to the Religion Clauses of the Constitution was made explicit in Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1 (1947), a case dealing with a New Jersey law that allowed government funds to pay for transportation of students to both public and Catholic schools. This was the first c... | What case was the concept relevant? | {
"text": [
"Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
5731c3a2b9d445190005e522 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The centrality of the "separation" concept to the Religion Clauses of the Constitution was made explicit in Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1 (1947), a case dealing with a New Jersey law that allowed government funds to pay for transportation of students to both public and Catholic schools. This was the first c... | What was the case of Everson v. Board of Education the first instance of? | {
"text": [
"court applied the Establishment Clause to the laws of a state"
],
"answer_start": [
337
]
} |
5731c3a2b9d445190005e523 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The centrality of the "separation" concept to the Religion Clauses of the Constitution was made explicit in Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1 (1947), a case dealing with a New Jersey law that allowed government funds to pay for transportation of students to both public and Catholic schools. This was the first c... | How must the wall separating church and state be kept? | {
"text": [
"high and impregnable"
],
"answer_start": [
683
]
} |
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