kshitijthakkar/mcp-server-bench

🔬 Gradio vs FastMCP Benchmark Report

Generated: 2026-02-28T05:20:52.935313

Total scenarios: 360

Executive Summary

• echo: Fastmcp wins (48.2 vs 192.8 RPS, 4.0x difference)
  • Gradio best config: concurrency_limit=10.0
• fibonacci: Fastmcp wins (36.2 vs 58.3 RPS, 1.61x difference)
  • Gradio best config: concurrency_limit=5.0
• json_transform: Fastmcp wins (50.8 vs 174.8 RPS, 3.44x difference)
  • Gradio best config: concurrency_limit=nan
• async_sleep: Fastmcp wins (59.6 vs 99.2 RPS, 1.66x difference)
  • Gradio best config: concurrency_limit=5.0
• payload_echo: Fastmcp wins (46.9 vs 171.1 RPS, 3.65x difference)
  • Gradio best config: concurrency_limit=nan

Throughput (Requests/Second)

	('fastmcp', 'http_api')	('fastmcp', 'mcp_streamable')	('gradio', 'http_api')	('gradio', 'mcp_streamable')
('async_sleep', 1)	15.57	13.89	8.62	0.36
('async_sleep', 10)	99.16	52.92	59.65	3.64
('async_sleep', 25)	58.15	37.44	37.33	8.98
('async_sleep', 50)	53.35	30.79	34.05	29.91
('echo', 1)	192.82	74.57	11.66	0.36
('echo', 10)	74.9	43.59	48.22	3.62
('echo', 25)	75.61	38.04	38.25	9.05
('echo', 50)	65.28	31.81	31.34	30.06
('fibonacci', 1)	46.53	31.48	12.58	0.36
('fibonacci', 10)	58.27	44.81	36.24	3.63
('fibonacci', 25)	56.53	32.83	33.02	8.98
('fibonacci', 50)	47.45	28.91	30.01	29.94
('json_transform', 1)	174.8	69.46	11.39	0.37
('json_transform', 10)	78.21	44.07	50.81	3.62
('json_transform', 25)	55.76	39.04	39.54	9
('json_transform', 50)	63.12	32.64	33.62	30.12
('payload_echo', 1)	171.09	72.97	11.76	0.36
('payload_echo', 10)	77.13	47.08	46.87	3.63
('payload_echo', 25)	63.39	40	38.12	9
('payload_echo', 50)	66.41	34.28	33.98	29.97

Latency p50 (ms)

	('fastmcp', 'http_api')	('fastmcp', 'mcp_streamable')	('gradio', 'http_api')	('gradio', 'mcp_streamable')
('async_sleep', 1)	62.55	76.702	111.588	4120.86
('async_sleep', 10)	89.146	167.851	157.104	4083.55
('async_sleep', 25)	327.049	599.597	541.56	4097.19
('async_sleep', 50)	638.245	1346.07	1152.1	2120.95
('echo', 1)	5	12.999	79.26	4129.99
('echo', 10)	90.528	202.528	177.813	4100.18
('echo', 25)	219.384	561.208	564.806	4096.84
('echo', 50)	489.309	1171.99	1247.51	2106.4
('fibonacci', 1)	20.466	30.001	65.026	4128.83
('fibonacci', 10)	163.974	204.065	263.913	4064.71
('fibonacci', 25)	427.19	693.387	648.3	4121.86
('fibonacci', 50)	688.597	1308.94	1464.07	2091.53
('json_transform', 1)	5.133	13.556	78.729	4115.32
('json_transform', 10)	89.402	201.688	168.247	4114.56
('json_transform', 25)	373.373	561.928	504.812	4089.93
('json_transform', 50)	508.344	1244.63	1214.53	2107.65
('payload_echo', 1)	5.414	13.003	97.087	4119.44
('payload_echo', 10)	77.202	189.617	176.908	4109.25
('payload_echo', 25)	313.41	543.924	543.665	4078.82
('payload_echo', 50)	468.582	1149.26	1196.27	2118.73

Gradio concurrency_limit Scaling

How does Gradio's throughput change as concurrency_limit increases?

	1.0	5.0	10.0
('async_sleep', 1)	4.4025	4.4475	4.315
('async_sleep', 10)	6.7975	30.11	23.1775
('async_sleep', 25)	8.7825	23.1125	19.5675
('async_sleep', 50)	20.295	31.5225	28.0425
('echo', 1)	5.34	5.9775	5.8675
('echo', 10)	10.9725	24.8075	25.4775
('echo', 25)	13.39	22.4475	22.7725
('echo', 50)	23.9525	29.7975	27.5275
('fibonacci', 1)	5.57	6.245	5.7525
('fibonacci', 10)	10.9175	19.72	19.7
('fibonacci', 25)	13.6075	20.255	19.3775
('fibonacci', 50)	24.4425	27.775	27.4
('json_transform', 1)	5.1075	5.65	5.2025
('json_transform', 10)	11.13	25.9975	23.0825
('json_transform', 25)	13.8575	23.365	20.8075
('json_transform', 50)	24.2775	31.5075	28.425
('payload_echo', 1)	5.1775	5.8375	4.93
('payload_echo', 10)	11.23	24.5025	21.6125
('payload_echo', 25)	13.68	22.19	20.47
('payload_echo', 50)	24.1675	31.21	28.0175

Protocol Overhead: HTTP API vs MCP

Comparing latency of the same tool called via REST API vs MCP protocol:

	http_api	mcp_streamable
('fastmcp', 'async_sleep')	279.248	547.556
('fastmcp', 'echo')	201.055	487.181
('fastmcp', 'fibonacci')	325.057	559.099
('fastmcp', 'json_transform')	244.063	505.451
('fastmcp', 'payload_echo')	216.152	473.951
('gradio', 'async_sleep')	942.756	3640.32
('gradio', 'echo')	709.837	3690
('gradio', 'fibonacci')	781.367	3640.18
('gradio', 'json_transform')	696.113	3641.42
('gradio', 'payload_echo')	706.047	3634.16

Error Rates

scenario_id	error_rate_pct
gradio__mcp_streamable__echo__vu50__cl1	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__echo__vu50__cl1__noq	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__fibonacci__vu50__cl1	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__fibonacci__vu50__cl1__noq	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__json_transform__vu50__cl1	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__json_transform__vu50__cl1__noq	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__async_sleep__vu50__cl1	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__async_sleep__vu50__cl1__noq	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__payload_echo__vu50__cl1	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__payload_echo__vu50__cl1__noq	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__echo__vu50__cl5	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__echo__vu50__cl5__noq	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__fibonacci__vu50__cl5	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__fibonacci__vu50__cl5__noq	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__json_transform__vu50__cl5	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__json_transform__vu50__cl5__noq	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__async_sleep__vu50__cl5	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__async_sleep__vu50__cl5__noq	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__payload_echo__vu50__cl5	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__payload_echo__vu50__cl5__noq	100
gradio__http_api__async_sleep__vu25__cl10	0.33
gradio__mcp_streamable__echo__vu50__cl10	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__echo__vu50__cl10__noq	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__fibonacci__vu50__cl10	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__fibonacci__vu50__cl10__noq	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__json_transform__vu50__cl10	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__json_transform__vu50__cl10__noq	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__async_sleep__vu50__cl10	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__async_sleep__vu50__cl10__noq	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__payload_echo__vu50__cl10	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__payload_echo__vu50__cl10__noq	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__echo__vu50__clunlimited	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__echo__vu50__clunlimited__noq	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__fibonacci__vu50__clunlimited	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__fibonacci__vu50__clunlimited__noq	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__json_transform__vu50__clunlimited	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__json_transform__vu50__clunlimited__noq	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__async_sleep__vu50__clunlimited	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__async_sleep__vu50__clunlimited__noq	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__payload_echo__vu50__clunlimited	100
gradio__mcp_streamable__payload_echo__vu50__clunlimited__noq	100

Resource Usage

server	('mean', 'avg_cpu_pct')	('mean', 'avg_memory_mb')	('mean', 'peak_memory_mb')	('max', 'avg_cpu_pct')	('max', 'avg_memory_mb')	('max', 'peak_memory_mb')
fastmcp	0	6.15475	6.15475	0	6.16	6.16
gradio	0	6.15472	6.15484	0	6.17	6.19

Benchmark Charts

Methodology

• Both servers use identical tool implementations (imported from shared_tools.py)
• Each scenario runs in an isolated server subprocess
• Warmup period excluded from measurements
• Load generated by async httpx workers (not external tools)
• MCP tests use full protocol lifecycle (initialize → call_tool)
• System metrics sampled every 1s via psutil

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Benchmarks generated by mcp-server-bench