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kshitijthakkar
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mcp-server-bench-gradio-optimized

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mcp
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scenario_id
large_stringlengths
40
56
server
large_stringclasses
2 values
protocol
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2 values
tool
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25
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successful_requests
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float64
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latency_min_ms
float64
2.93
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latency_p50_ms
float64
5.01
639
latency_p75_ms
float64
6
954
latency_p90_ms
float64
7
1.32k
latency_p95_ms
float64
8.01
1.6k
latency_p99_ms
float64
10
2.45k
latency_max_ms
float64
62.2
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latency_mean_ms
float64
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latency_stddev_ms
float64
2.29
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avg_cpu_pct
float64
0
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peak_memory_mb
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fastmcp__http_api__echo__vu1__clunlimited
fastmcp
http_api
echo
1
null
29.98
5,291
5,291
0
0
176.5
2.932
5.005
6.001
7.004
8.01
10.519
82.041
5.633
2.498
0
6.14
6.14
fastmcp__http_api__echo__vu10__clunlimited
fastmcp
http_api
echo
10
null
29.97
2,393
2,393
0
0
79.84
53.513
102.519
142.533
192.703
222.144
301.78
637.293
120.436
52.144
0
6.15
6.15
fastmcp__http_api__echo__vu25__clunlimited
fastmcp
http_api
echo
25
null
29.98
1,874
1,874
0
0
62.5
69.3
298.811
508.5
710.746
808.27
1,268.159
13,454.5
383.759
436.512
0
6.15
6.15
fastmcp__http_api__fibonacci__vu1__clunlimited
fastmcp
http_api
fibonacci
1
null
29.94
1,359
1,359
0
0
45.39
15.98
20.998
23.002
26.531
30.008
41.779
91.519
22.016
4.836
0
6.14
6.14
fastmcp__http_api__fibonacci__vu10__clunlimited
fastmcp
http_api
fibonacci
10
null
29.92
1,708
1,708
0
0
57.08
62.519
166.862
185.67
210.126
227.798
267.708
302.616
171.145
31.498
0
6.15
6.15
fastmcp__http_api__fibonacci__vu25__clunlimited
fastmcp
http_api
fibonacci
25
null
30
1,536
1,536
0
0
51.19
118.525
463.179
522.204
573.854
624.294
1,089.273
2,268.838
475.936
141.674
0
6.14
6.14
fastmcp__http_api__async_sleep__vu1__clunlimited
fastmcp
http_api
async_sleep
1
null
29.89
471
471
0
0
15.76
43.333
62.599
66.27
78.56
79.533
95.154
141.515
63.599
11.947
0
6.15
6.15
fastmcp__http_api__async_sleep__vu10__clunlimited
fastmcp
http_api
async_sleep
10
null
29.95
2,402
2,402
0
0
80.21
50.144
105.196
135.995
187.638
225.363
320.127
557.063
120.105
53.201
0
6.15
6.15
fastmcp__http_api__async_sleep__vu25__clunlimited
fastmcp
http_api
async_sleep
25
null
30
1,263
1,263
0
0
42.1
99.523
430.916
706.29
1,180.049
1,595.107
2,447.722
6,195.341
581.51
531.158
0
6.15
6.15
fastmcp__http_api__payload_echo__vu1__clunlimited
fastmcp
http_api
payload_echo
1
null
29.98
4,941
4,941
0
0
164.84
2.992
5.998
6.401
7.151
8.005
10.014
78.574
6.035
2.291
0
6.15
6.15
fastmcp__http_api__payload_echo__vu10__clunlimited
fastmcp
http_api
payload_echo
10
null
29.97
2,735
2,735
0
0
91.25
36.99
95.531
125.511
164.033
192.137
249.112
317.847
104.911
43.197
0
6.14
6.14
fastmcp__http_api__payload_echo__vu25__clunlimited
fastmcp
http_api
payload_echo
25
null
29.98
2,004
2,004
0
0
66.84
63.509
336.98
517.646
827.204
921.085
1,089.553
1,223.938
363.16
281.276
0
6.14
6.14
fastmcp__mcp_streamable__echo__vu1__clunlimited
fastmcp
mcp_streamable
echo
1
null
29.97
2,169
2,169
0
0
72.37
7.999
13.005
14.514
16.008
17.8
30.553
66.033
13.677
3.354
0
6.15
6.15
fastmcp__mcp_streamable__echo__vu10__clunlimited
fastmcp
mcp_streamable
echo
10
null
30.14
1,306
1,306
0
0
43.33
68.483
201.01
279.13
366.184
421.553
569.638
911.797
226.235
105.841
0
6.14
6.14
fastmcp__mcp_streamable__echo__vu25__clunlimited
fastmcp
mcp_streamable
echo
25
null
30.35
1,197
1,197
0
0
39.44
129.038
529.175
808.145
1,141.542
1,414.687
1,915.135
2,530.729
630.03
383.876
0
6.14
6.14
fastmcp__mcp_streamable__fibonacci__vu1__clunlimited
fastmcp
mcp_streamable
fibonacci
1
null
30
1,078
1,078
0
0
35.94
20.585
26.535
29.014
32.035
36.104
45.115
73.513
27.692
4.76
0
6.14
6.14
fastmcp__mcp_streamable__fibonacci__vu10__clunlimited
fastmcp
mcp_streamable
fibonacci
10
null
30.17
1,446
1,446
0
0
47.93
89.227
189.789
224.824
283.638
328.134
416.903
743.338
204.502
63.924
0
6.14
6.14
fastmcp__mcp_streamable__fibonacci__vu25__clunlimited
fastmcp
mcp_streamable
fibonacci
25
null
30.47
1,095
1,095
0
0
35.94
158.38
591.419
885.729
1,191.097
1,485.671
2,086.941
2,543.414
693.763
398.649
0
6.15
6.15
fastmcp__mcp_streamable__async_sleep__vu1__clunlimited
fastmcp
mcp_streamable
async_sleep
1
null
29.98
432
432
0
0
14.41
45.562
64.32
77.982
79.024
79.566
90.538
97.416
69.451
9.344
0
6.14
6.14
fastmcp__mcp_streamable__async_sleep__vu10__clunlimited
fastmcp
mcp_streamable
async_sleep
10
null
30.11
1,700
1,700
0
0
56.47
83.053
159.981
201.221
251.949
292.616
388.245
550.882
173.472
61.635
0
6.15
6.15
fastmcp__mcp_streamable__async_sleep__vu25__clunlimited
fastmcp
mcp_streamable
async_sleep
25
null
30.35
1,218
1,218
0
0
40.13
169.123
528.933
783.304
1,058.388
1,266.581
1,625.259
2,568.397
619.474
327.891
0
6.14
6.14
fastmcp__mcp_streamable__payload_echo__vu1__clunlimited
fastmcp
mcp_streamable
payload_echo
1
null
30
2,403
2,403
0
0
80.1
7.987
12
13.003
14.118
16
27.983
140.608
12.352
4.182
0
6.14
6.14
fastmcp__mcp_streamable__payload_echo__vu10__clunlimited
fastmcp
mcp_streamable
payload_echo
10
null
30.1
1,521
1,521
0
0
50.53
67.33
175.658
232.208
311.766
365.956
488.193
712.824
193.629
86.745
0
6.15
6.15
fastmcp__mcp_streamable__payload_echo__vu25__clunlimited
fastmcp
mcp_streamable
payload_echo
25
null
30.33
1,261
1,261
0
0
41.57
107.666
514.13
777.264
1,084.508
1,257.857
1,670.214
2,969.446
597.646
349.87
0
6.14
6.14
gradio__http_api__echo__vu1__clunlimited
gradio
http_api
echo
1
null
29.85
333
333
0
0
11.16
13.511
101.503
123.789
130.088
140.509
143.881
172.227
89.691
38.855
0
6.14
6.14
gradio__http_api__echo__vu10__clunlimited
gradio
http_api
echo
10
null
29.98
1,480
1,480
0
0
49.37
75.068
177.598
238.641
317.53
373.029
485.971
624.073
197.764
87.277
0
6.14
6.14
gradio__http_api__echo__vu25__clunlimited
gradio
http_api
echo
25
null
29.97
1,135
1,135
0
0
37.87
142.872
549.508
869.29
1,164.792
1,367.116
1,951.2
3,251.031
646.785
394.573
0
6.14
6.14
gradio__http_api__fibonacci__vu1__clunlimited
gradio
http_api
fibonacci
1
null
29.89
356
356
0
0
11.91
28.654
66.875
116.96
125.672
130.702
142.617
157.272
84.182
28.957
0
6.14
6.14
gradio__http_api__fibonacci__vu10__clunlimited
gradio
http_api
fibonacci
10
null
29.9
1,118
1,118
0
0
37.39
97.558
266.299
292
326.196
362.053
486.665
594.698
264.042
61.102
0
6.15
6.15
gradio__http_api__fibonacci__vu25__clunlimited
gradio
http_api
fibonacci
25
null
30.05
982
982
0
0
32.67
167.161
639.153
954.057
1,321.747
1,532.636
2,143.529
2,869.706
747.795
417.64
0
6.15
6.15
gradio__http_api__async_sleep__vu1__clunlimited
gradio
http_api
async_sleep
1
null
29.86
255
255
0
0
8.54
64.046
112.296
129.785
140.586
141.937
155.341
158.579
117.493
18.753
0
6.15
6.15
gradio__http_api__async_sleep__vu10__clunlimited
gradio
http_api
async_sleep
10
null
29.92
1,699
1,699
0
0
56.79
87.033
155.612
194.836
243.773
284.701
385.102
542.275
173.102
56.973
0
6.15
6.15
gradio__http_api__async_sleep__vu25__clunlimited
gradio
http_api
async_sleep
25
null
29.95
1,120
1,120
0
0
37.4
149.323
546.454
823.548
1,215.106
1,453.883
2,088.07
3,326.629
653.341
407.634
0
6.14
6.14
gradio__http_api__payload_echo__vu1__clunlimited
gradio
http_api
payload_echo
1
null
29.96
348
348
0
0
11.62
12.015
81.067
120.586
126.046
139.94
156.571
185.235
86.306
38.488
0
6.14
6.14
gradio__http_api__payload_echo__vu10__clunlimited
gradio
http_api
payload_echo
10
null
29.98
1,497
1,497
0
0
49.93
79.025
175.569
233.175
306.835
365.083
506.413
644.411
195.463
86.006
0
6.15
6.15
gradio__http_api__payload_echo__vu25__clunlimited
gradio
http_api
payload_echo
25
null
29.97
1,115
1,115
0
0
37.2
136.796
557.964
850.969
1,198.376
1,474.799
2,079.043
2,985.357
661.505
417.332
0
6.15
6.15
gradio__mcp_streamable__echo__vu1__clunlimited
gradio
mcp_streamable
echo
1
null
29.99
2,163
2,163
0
0
72.12
8.993
13.037
14.605
16.018
17.59
29.219
75.006
13.737
3.514
0
6.14
6.14
gradio__mcp_streamable__echo__vu10__clunlimited
gradio
mcp_streamable
echo
10
null
30.05
2,902
2,902
0
0
96.56
35.594
95.355
114.238
143.697
168.066
221.097
412.279
101.759
35.015
0
6.14
6.14
gradio__mcp_streamable__echo__vu25__clunlimited
gradio
mcp_streamable
echo
25
null
30.23
2,129
2,129
0
0
70.43
68.006
275.746
446.781
700.295
898.535
1,248.976
2,023.06
348.264
264.983
0
6.14
6.14
gradio__mcp_streamable__fibonacci__vu1__clunlimited
gradio
mcp_streamable
fibonacci
1
null
29.96
1,054
1,054
0
0
35.18
21.999
27.521
29.513
32.048
35.516
45.517
62.241
28.33
4.083
0
6.14
6.14
gradio__mcp_streamable__fibonacci__vu10__clunlimited
gradio
mcp_streamable
fibonacci
10
null
30.02
1,306
1,306
0
0
43.5
138.628
226.342
243.976
268.401
285.686
319.534
368.629
229.367
29.632
0
6.14
6.14
gradio__mcp_streamable__fibonacci__vu25__clunlimited
gradio
mcp_streamable
fibonacci
25
null
30.27
1,308
1,308
0
0
43.21
365.876
573.479
601.822
642.305
676.37
722.515
738.436
578.77
49.686
0
6.14
6.14
gradio__mcp_streamable__async_sleep__vu1__clunlimited
gradio
mcp_streamable
async_sleep
1
null
29.94
426
426
0
0
14.23
45.999
75.659
78.114
79.101
80.152
95.399
124.734
70.272
10.066
0
6.15
6.15
gradio__mcp_streamable__async_sleep__vu10__clunlimited
gradio
mcp_streamable
async_sleep
10
null
30.08
2,801
2,801
0
0
93.11
62.142
102.057
116.027
136.033
152.025
177.587
281.766
105.948
23.265
0
6.14
6.14
gradio__mcp_streamable__async_sleep__vu25__clunlimited
gradio
mcp_streamable
async_sleep
25
null
30.41
1,726
1,726
0
0
56.76
101.593
337.852
547.716
819.942
1,003.303
1,559.515
2,374.336
434.311
295.689
0
6.15
6.15
gradio__mcp_streamable__payload_echo__vu1__clunlimited
gradio
mcp_streamable
payload_echo
1
null
29.99
2,116
2,116
0
0
70.56
9.016
13.662
15.002
16.543
18.01
28.525
69.62
14.062
3.383
0
6.14
6.14
gradio__mcp_streamable__payload_echo__vu10__clunlimited
gradio
mcp_streamable
payload_echo
10
null
30.1
2,484
2,484
0
0
82.54
42.532
110.116
133.134
168.378
201.605
290.758
488.88
119.114
43.665
0
6.15
6.15
gradio__mcp_streamable__payload_echo__vu25__clunlimited
gradio
mcp_streamable
payload_echo
25
null
30.28
1,852
1,852
0
0
61.16
72.55
321.014
522.119
791.47
942.839
1,422.33
2,718.887
399.85
296.857
0
6.15
6.15

🔬 Gradio vs FastMCP Benchmark Report

Generated: 2026-03-02T13:04:10.857215

Total scenarios: 48

Executive Summary

  • echo: Fastmcp wins (96.6 vs 176.5 RPS, 1.83x difference)
    • Gradio best config: concurrency_limit=nan
  • fibonacci: Fastmcp wins (43.5 vs 57.1 RPS, 1.31x difference)
    • Gradio best config: concurrency_limit=nan
  • async_sleep: Gradio wins (93.1 vs 80.2 RPS, 1.16x difference)
    • Gradio best config: concurrency_limit=nan
  • payload_echo: Fastmcp wins (82.5 vs 164.8 RPS, 2.0x difference)
    • Gradio best config: concurrency_limit=nan

Throughput (Requests/Second)

('fastmcp', 'http_api') ('fastmcp', 'mcp_streamable') ('gradio', 'http_api') ('gradio', 'mcp_streamable')
('async_sleep', 1) 15.76 14.41 8.54 14.23
('async_sleep', 10) 80.21 56.47 56.79 93.11
('async_sleep', 25) 42.1 40.13 37.4 56.76
('echo', 1) 176.5 72.37 11.16 72.12
('echo', 10) 79.84 43.33 49.37 96.56
('echo', 25) 62.5 39.44 37.87 70.43
('fibonacci', 1) 45.39 35.94 11.91 35.18
('fibonacci', 10) 57.08 47.93 37.39 43.5
('fibonacci', 25) 51.19 35.94 32.67 43.21
('payload_echo', 1) 164.84 80.1 11.62 70.56
('payload_echo', 10) 91.25 50.53 49.93 82.54
('payload_echo', 25) 66.84 41.57 37.2 61.16

Latency p50 (ms)

('fastmcp', 'http_api') ('fastmcp', 'mcp_streamable') ('gradio', 'http_api') ('gradio', 'mcp_streamable')
('async_sleep', 1) 62.599 64.32 112.296 75.659
('async_sleep', 10) 105.196 159.981 155.612 102.057
('async_sleep', 25) 430.916 528.933 546.454 337.852
('echo', 1) 5.005 13.005 101.503 13.037
('echo', 10) 102.519 201.01 177.598 95.355
('echo', 25) 298.811 529.175 549.508 275.746
('fibonacci', 1) 20.998 26.535 66.875 27.521
('fibonacci', 10) 166.862 189.789 266.299 226.342
('fibonacci', 25) 463.179 591.419 639.153 573.479
('payload_echo', 1) 5.998 12 81.067 13.662
('payload_echo', 10) 95.531 175.658 175.569 110.116
('payload_echo', 25) 336.98 514.13 557.964 321.014

Gradio concurrency_limit Scaling

How does Gradio's throughput change as concurrency_limit increases?

Protocol Overhead: HTTP API vs MCP

Comparing latency of the same tool called via REST API vs MCP protocol:

http_api mcp_streamable
('fastmcp', 'async_sleep') 199.57 251.078
('fastmcp', 'echo') 135.445 247.73
('fastmcp', 'fibonacci') 217.013 269.248
('fastmcp', 'payload_echo') 146.17 233.929
('gradio', 'async_sleep') 271.454 171.856
('gradio', 'echo') 276.203 128.046
('gradio', 'fibonacci') 324.109 275.781
('gradio', 'payload_echo') 271.533 148.264

Error Rates

All scenarios completed with 0% error rate. ✅

Resource Usage

server ('mean', 'avg_cpu_pct') ('mean', 'avg_memory_mb') ('mean', 'peak_memory_mb') ('max', 'avg_cpu_pct') ('max', 'avg_memory_mb') ('max', 'peak_memory_mb')
fastmcp 0 6.14458 6.14458 0 6.15 6.15
gradio 0 6.14417 6.14417 0 6.15 6.15

Benchmark Charts

Throughput Comparison

Latency Comparison

Gradio Concurrency Limit Scaling

Protocol Overhead

Methodology

  • Both servers use identical tool implementations (imported from shared_tools.py)
  • Each scenario runs in an isolated server subprocess
  • Warmup period excluded from measurements
  • Load generated by async httpx workers (not external tools)
  • MCP tests use full protocol lifecycle (initialize → call_tool)
  • System metrics sampled every 1s via psutil

Benchmarks generated by mcp-server-bench

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