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dev_uid
int64
unit_id
int64
chl_id
int64
test_id
int64
seq_id
int64
step_type
int32
step_changecount
int64
Cycle [#]
int32
step_id
int32
Time [datetime]
timestamp[ms, tz=UTC]
StepTime [s]
float64
Current [A]
float64
Voltage [V]
float64
Power [W]
float64
Capacity [Ah]
float64
Energy [Wh]
float64
Temperature [degC]
float64
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
1
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:54:49
0
1.4981
3.3568
5.028822
0
0
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
2
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:54:58
10
1.4996
3.3965
5.093391
0.004165
0.014106
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
3
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:55:08
20
1.4996
3.4105
5.114386
0.008331
0.028285
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
4
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:55:18
30
1.4996
3.4223
5.132081
0.012496
0.042517
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
5
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:55:28
40
1.4996
3.4331
5.148277
0.016662
0.056796
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
6
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:55:38
50
1.4996
3.4427
5.162673
0.020828
0.071118
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
7
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:55:48
60
1.4996
3.4514
5.175719
0.024993
0.085477
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
8
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:55:58
70
1.4996
3.4598
5.188316
0.029159
0.099872
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
9
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:56:08
80
1.4996
3.4672
5.199413
0.033324
0.1143
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
10
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:56:18
90
1.4996
3.4743
5.21006
0.03749
0.128758
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
11
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:56:28
100
1.4996
3.4809
5.219958
0.041655
0.143244
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
12
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:56:38
110
1.4996
3.4867
5.228655
0.045821
0.157756
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
13
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:56:48
120
1.4996
3.492
5.236603
0.049986
0.172291
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
14
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:56:58
130
1.4996
3.4967
5.243651
0.054152
0.186848
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
15
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:57:08
140
1.4996
3.5001
5.24875
0.058318
0.20142
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
16
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:57:18
150
1.4996
3.5032
5.253399
0.062483
0.216007
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
17
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:57:28
160
1.4996
3.5057
5.257148
0.066649
0.230605
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
18
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:57:38
170
1.4996
3.5072
5.259397
0.070814
0.245211
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
19
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:57:48
180
1.4996
3.5091
5.262246
0.07498
0.259825
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
20
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:57:58
190
1.4996
3.5106
5.264496
0.079145
0.274446
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
21
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:58:08
200
1.4996
3.5119
5.266445
0.083311
0.289072
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
22
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:58:18
210
1.4996
3.5131
5.268245
0.087476
0.303704
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
23
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:58:28
220
1.4996
3.5143
5.270044
0.091642
0.318341
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
24
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:58:38
230
1.4996
3.5156
5.271994
0.095807
0.332983
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
25
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:58:48
240
1.4996
3.5171
5.274243
0.099973
0.34763
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
26
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:58:58
250
1.4996
3.5184
5.276193
0.104139
0.362283
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
27
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:59:08
260
1.4996
3.5193
5.277542
0.108304
0.37694
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
28
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:59:18
270
1.4996
3.5205
5.279342
0.11247
0.391603
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
29
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:59:28
280
1.4996
3.5218
5.281291
0.116635
0.40627
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
30
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:59:38
290
1.4996
3.5227
5.282641
0.120801
0.420942
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
31
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:59:48
300
1.4996
3.5239
5.28444
0.124966
0.435619
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
32
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T14:59:58
310
1.4996
3.5255
5.28684
0.129132
0.450301
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
33
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:00:08
320
1.4996
3.5264
5.288189
0.133297
0.464989
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
34
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:00:18
330
1.4996
3.5277
5.290139
0.137463
0.479681
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
35
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:00:28
340
1.4996
3.5289
5.291938
0.141629
0.494379
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
36
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:00:38
350
1.4996
3.5301
5.293738
0.145794
0.509081
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
37
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:00:48
360
1.4996
3.5314
5.295687
0.14996
0.523788
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
38
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:00:58
370
1.4996
3.5326
5.297487
0.154125
0.538501
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
39
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:01:08
380
1.4996
3.5339
5.299436
0.158291
0.55322
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
40
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:01:18
390
1.4996
3.5351
5.301236
0.162456
0.567943
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
41
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:01:28
400
1.4996
3.5363
5.303035
0.166622
0.582671
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
42
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:01:38
410
1.4996
3.5376
5.304985
0.170788
0.597405
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
43
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:01:48
420
1.4996
3.5388
5.306784
0.174953
0.612143
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
44
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:01:58
430
1.4996
3.5404
5.309184
0.179119
0.626887
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
45
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:02:08
440
1.4996
3.5416
5.310983
0.183284
0.641637
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
46
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:02:18
450
1.4996
3.5425
5.312333
0.18745
0.656392
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
47
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:02:28
460
1.4996
3.5438
5.314282
0.191615
0.671152
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
48
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:02:38
470
1.4996
3.545
5.316082
0.195781
0.685916
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
49
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:02:48
480
1.4996
3.5463
5.318031
0.199946
0.700686
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
50
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:02:58
490
1.4996
3.5478
5.320281
0.204112
0.715461
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
51
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:03:08
500
1.4996
3.5487
5.321631
0.208278
0.730242
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
52
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:03:18
510
1.4996
3.5503
5.32403
0.212443
0.745028
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
53
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:03:28
520
1.4996
3.5515
5.325829
0.216609
0.759819
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
54
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:03:38
530
1.4996
3.5525
5.327329
0.220774
0.774615
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
55
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:03:48
540
1.4996
3.5537
5.329129
0.22494
0.789416
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
56
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:03:58
550
1.4996
3.5549
5.330928
0.229105
0.804222
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
57
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:04:08
560
1.4996
3.5565
5.333327
0.233271
0.819034
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
58
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:04:18
570
1.4996
3.5577
5.335127
0.237436
0.833851
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
59
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:04:28
580
1.4996
3.559
5.337076
0.241602
0.848673
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
60
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:04:38
590
1.4996
3.5599
5.338426
0.245768
0.863501
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
61
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:04:48
600
1.4996
3.5611
5.340226
0.249933
0.878333
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
62
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:04:58
610
1.4996
3.5624
5.342175
0.254099
0.89317
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
63
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:05:08
620
1.4996
3.5639
5.344424
0.258264
0.908013
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
64
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:05:18
630
1.4996
3.5652
5.346374
0.26243
0.922862
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
65
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:05:28
640
1.4996
3.5664
5.348173
0.266595
0.937716
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
66
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:05:38
650
1.4996
3.5677
5.350123
0.270761
0.952574
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
67
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:05:48
660
1.4996
3.5689
5.351922
0.274926
0.967438
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
68
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:05:58
670
1.4996
3.5701
5.353722
0.279092
0.982307
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
69
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:06:08
680
1.4996
3.5717
5.356121
0.283258
0.997181
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
70
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:06:18
690
1.4996
3.5729
5.357921
0.287423
1.012062
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
71
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:06:28
700
1.4996
3.5742
5.35987
0.291589
1.026948
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
72
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:06:38
710
1.4996
3.5754
5.36167
0.295754
1.041838
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
73
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:06:48
720
1.4996
3.5766
5.363469
0.29992
1.056734
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
74
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:06:58
730
1.4996
3.5779
5.365419
0.304085
1.071636
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
75
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:07:08
740
1.4996
3.5794
5.367668
0.308251
1.086543
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
76
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:07:18
750
1.4996
3.5807
5.369618
0.312416
1.101456
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
77
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:07:28
760
1.4996
3.5819
5.371417
0.316582
1.116375
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
78
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:07:38
770
1.4996
3.5832
5.373367
0.320748
1.131299
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
79
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:07:48
780
1.4996
3.5847
5.375616
0.324913
1.146228
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
80
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:07:58
790
1.4996
3.5859
5.377416
0.329079
1.161162
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
81
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:08:08
800
1.4996
3.5875
5.379815
0.333244
1.176103
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
82
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:08:18
810
1.4996
3.5887
5.381615
0.33741
1.19105
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
83
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:08:28
820
1.4996
3.59
5.383564
0.341575
1.206002
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
84
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:08:38
830
1.4996
3.5915
5.385813
0.345741
1.220959
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
85
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:08:48
840
1.4996
3.5928
5.387763
0.349906
1.235922
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
86
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:08:58
850
1.4996
3.5943
5.390012
0.354072
1.250891
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
87
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:09:08
860
1.4996
3.5956
5.391962
0.358238
1.265866
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
88
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:09:18
870
1.4996
3.5968
5.393761
0.362403
1.280846
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
89
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:09:28
880
1.4996
3.598
5.395561
0.366569
1.295831
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
90
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:09:38
890
1.4996
3.5993
5.39751
0.370734
1.310823
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
91
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:09:48
900
1.4996
3.6008
5.39976
0.3749
1.325819
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
92
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:09:58
910
1.4996
3.6024
5.402159
0.379065
1.340821
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
93
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:10:08
920
1.4996
3.6036
5.403959
0.383231
1.355829
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
94
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:10:18
930
1.4996
3.6049
5.405908
0.387396
1.370843
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
95
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:10:28
940
1.4996
3.6061
5.407708
0.391562
1.385862
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
96
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:10:38
950
1.4996
3.6073
5.409507
0.395727
1.400886
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
97
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:10:48
960
1.4996
3.6086
5.411457
0.399893
1.415916
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
98
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:10:58
970
1.4996
3.6104
5.414156
0.404059
1.430952
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
99
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:11:08
980
1.4996
3.6117
5.416105
0.408224
1.445993
null
240,011
2
3
2,818,575,071
100
7
1
0
1
2020-12-10T15:11:18
990
1.4996
3.6129
5.417905
0.41239
1.46104
null
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Dataset for publication "Toward an Autonomous Robotic Battery Materials Research Platform Powered by Automated Workflow and Ontologized Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable Data Management"


πŸ”¬ Scope

  • The dataset comprises detailed data from 199 coin cell batteries with either NMC//graphite or LFP//graphite chemistry. :contentReference[oaicite:14]{index=14}
  • All battery cells were assembled and cycled using the automated robotic battery-materials research platform Aurora at Empa, the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, within the Laboratory for Materials for Energy Conversion. :contentReference[oaicite:15]{index=15}
  • Each battery was cycled for 1000 cycles under fully automated and precisely controlled conditions. :contentReference[oaicite:16]{index=16}
  • The dataset supports the peer-reviewed publication: Toward an Autonomous Robotic Battery Materials Research Platform… (Batteries & Supercaps, 2025). :contentReference[oaicite:17]{index=17}

πŸ“ Data Structure

  • The dataset is packaged as a RO-Crate (Research Object Crate) to facilitate standardized, machine-readable, and FAIR-compliant data sharing. :contentReference[oaicite:18]{index=18}

For each battery cell, the following files are included:

1. Battery Cell Metadata File

  • Filename: empa__ccid000XXX.metadata.json :contentReference[oaicite:19]{index=19}
  • Contents: Semantically annotated battery assembly data and the cycling protocol applied to that battery cell.
  • Format: JSON-LD, using the Battery Interface Ontology (BattINFO) to ensure semantic interoperability and rich metadata representation. :contentReference[oaicite:20]{index=20}

2. Battery Cell Cycling Data Files

  • Filenames:
    • empa__ccid000XXX.bdf.csv
    • empa__ccid000XXX.bdf.parquet :contentReference[oaicite:21]{index=21}
  • Description: Both files contain identical cycling data.
    • .csv β€” for easy human inspection.
    • .parquet β€” for faster automated parsing and processing.
  • Format: Conform to the Battery Data Format (BDF) for time-series data, as recommended by the Battery Data Alliance. :contentReference[oaicite:22]{index=22}

πŸ“¦ Files Included in the Dataset

  • Dataset-rocrate.zip β€” contains the full RO-Crate. :contentReference[oaicite:23]{index=23}
  • The archive is approximately 2.5 GB in size. :contentReference[oaicite:24]{index=24}

πŸ“Œ Additional Details

  • License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0) β€” allows redistribution and reuse with appropriate credit. :contentReference[oaicite:25]{index=25}
  • Related Publication: 10.1002/batt.202500155 (Batteries & Supercaps, 2025) β€” describes the robotic platform, workflow, and data management strategy. :contentReference[oaicite:26]{index=26}
  • Purpose / Importance: Released by the Battery Data Alliance (BDA) in cooperation with Empa and partners to set a new standard for battery-research data: FAIR-compliant, traceable, interoperable and suitable for automated data analysis pipelines. :contentReference[oaicite:29]{index=29}

πŸ§ͺ Usage Notes

  • You can download and unpack the RO-Crate to access metadata and cycling data for all 199 batteries. :contentReference[oaicite:30]{index=30}
  • The JSON-LD metadata facilitates semantic queries (e.g., via ontology-aware tools) to filter batteries by chemistry, assembly protocol, cycling conditions, etc.
  • The BDF cycling data β€” in .parquet β€” is well suited for automated analysis workflows (e.g., in Python or Julia), enabling time-series analysis, degradation modelling, machine learning, etc.

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