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Each *modulator* is a special-purpose module that can be added to any Bitwig device or plug-in. The modules output is then assigned to control various parameters of the device. As in Bitwig Studio, the modulators are categorized below by the type of function they perform. For more information on using modulators, see section 16.2.1.   19.27.1. Audio-driven Category Devices that convert audio into a modulator signal **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.27.1.1. Audio Rate An instantaneous \(read: non-averaged\) sidechain control, routable from any audio signal within the current project. Gain control, an optional low-pass filter with adjustable cutoff frequency, and a *Rectify* switch \(to convert the incoming signal to all positive values\) are all available.   19.27.1.2. Audio Sidechain An averaged sidechain control, routable from any audio signal within the current project. Analysis of the incoming signal uses adjustable gain, switchable averaging modes, high-and low-pass filters, and *Attack* and *Release* times.   19.27.1.3. Envelope Follower A sidechain control that uses the device's incoming audio signal. Analysis of the incoming signal provides adjustable gain, switchable averaging modes, and *Attack* and *Release* times.   19.27.1.4. HW CV In A sidechain control for control voltage devices that are connected to your audio interface's inputs. Parameters include *Gain*, *Smooth*\(ing\), and a toggle between alternating current \(*AC*\) and direct current \(*DC*\) modes.   19.27.2. Envelope Category Periodic generators triggered by note ons or offs.   19.27.2.1. ADSR A standard envelope generator with attack, decay, sustain, and release segments. There is also a *Single Trigger* option, and an option to *Pre-delay* the envelope start in musical or real time. **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.27.2.2. AHD on Release An attack–hold–decay envelope generator triggered by note off messages, with *Single Trigger* option. The timed segments also have individual curve controls.   19.27.2.3. AHDSR A standard envelope generator with attack, hold, decay, sustain, and release segments. The timed segments also have individual curve controls. There is also a *Single Trigger* option, and an option to *Pre-delay* the envelope start in musical or real time.   19.27.2.4. Note Sidechain A standard envelope generator with attack, decay, sustain, and release segments. The gate message driving the envelope generator is routable from any note message source within the current project. There is also an option to *Pre-delay* the envelope start, in musical or real time.   19.27.2.5. Ramp A simple ramp generator with switchable direction, curve, and optional looping.   19.27.2.6. Segments A freely drawable, segmented envelope generator, with BWCURVE file support, making use of the Curve Editor \(see section 16.2.1.1\) › With all familiar envelope modulator controls › Four *Play Mode* options are available: *One-shot* \(⇀\) - Plays thru the entire shape \(while the voice is alive\) at note on *Hold* \(䷿\) - Uses any one of the curve's points as the hold/sustain level, which is also the release start *Looping* \(⥤\) - Uses any two of the curve's points, and loops forwards between them on sustain; the loop end point is also the release start **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   *Ping Pong* \(⇌\) - Uses any two of the curve's points, and loops forwards and backwards between them on sustain; the loop end point is also the release start The hold point or loop region & start/end points are shown in blue You can either drag one of these points to another point, or right-click on any point and choose the appropriate option — either *Set Hold Point* \(when in *Hold* mode\), or *Set Loop Start* / *Set Loop End* \(when in *Looping* or *Ping Pong* modes\) › A set *Rate* \(from *0.2* to *50*\) with regard to the set *Timebase* \(either *Minutes*, *Seconds*, *Milliseconds*, *Bars* or other beat-time units, *Pitch \(of* *current note\)*, or *Hold*\) Both the *Rate* and *Timebase* can be modulated for each note, for example by *Velocity* \(from the Expressions modulator\), or any other source This *Rate*–*Timebase* pair defines the *primary interval* of the whole envelope, which defaults to a setting of *1 bar*, and with a shape that ends after one iteration The Curve Editor is scrollable and shows a time ruler in the primary interval \(*1*, *2*… n\), with the set number of grid units displaying within each primary interval Clicking and dragging in the ruler area allows for zooming and scrolling, just as with the Arranger Points can be added or dragged to extend the length of the envelope, so taking the default settings and adding a point at the *4* line would extend the shape to be 4 bars long › Option to *Enabling Smoothing*, with *Smoothing Time* set in milliseconds/seconds Both settings can be automated and modulated, for controlling the sharpness vs. smoothness of each voice, for example by *Poly Pressure* \(from the Expressions modulator\), or any other source On the Polymer module version of Segments, both parameters are available in a context menu when right-clicking on the module's background › A *Bipolar* toggle \(*±*\) maintains the curve's shape but rescales it, so that the minimum value is *-1* and the middle value is now *0* \(zero\) **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   › A *Single Trigger* option to keep the envelope from retriggering when overlapping notes are received › An *Amount* parameter controlling output scaling of each voice   19.27.3. Interface Category Providing panel elements for better/unique control, or access to Transport-level interface items.   19.27.3.1. Button A binary toggle control. Selecting the modulator and viewing the Inspector Panel shows an optional smoothing parameter.   19.27.3.2. Buttons Two independent binary toggle controls. Selecting the modulator and viewing the Inspector Panel shows an optional smoothing parameter that applies to both buttons.   19.27.3.3. Globals Provides modulator signals for three project-wide controls: › *Fill* - A modulator signal reflecting the current *Fill* mode state \(see section 2.3.2\) › *A◆B* - A bipolar modulator signal reflecting the current Global Crossfader value \(see section 7.1.9\) › *Play* - A modulator signal reflecting whether the transport is currently playing \(*1*\) or not \(*0*\) The *Fill* and *A◆B* sources can be used as global control sources, routing hardware controllers or automation \(from *Master* > *Transport*\) to any and all tracks.   19.27.3.4. Macro One continuous knob control. **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.27.3.5. Macro-4 Four independent, continuous knob controls.   19.27.3.6. Select-4 Four control sources derived from one continuous fader control. The single fader is essentially a crossfader whose position determines which one or two control sources will receive a modulation value.   19.27.3.7. Vector-4 Four control sources derived from one continuous XY control. The single fader is essentially a crossfader whose X and Y positions determine the modulation values received by each control source.   19.27.3.8. Vector-8 Eight control sources derived from one continuous XY control. The single fader is essentially a crossfader whose X and Y positions determine the modulation values received by each control source.   19.27.3.9. XY Two control sources derived from one continuous XY control. The single fader is essentially a joystick whose X and Y positions are used as the control sources' values.   19.27.4. LFO Category For regularly repeating patterns or noise.   19.27.4.1. Beat LFO A tempo-synced \(including the option to follow global shuffle\) low-frequency oscillator, with shape, phase, and polarity controls. **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.27.4.2. Classic LFO A tempo-synced low-frequency oscillator, typically used in Bitwig Studio version 1 devices. Provides a *Note Trigger* option and a *Per-Voice* toggle \(when applicable\).   19.27.4.3. Curves A freely drawable, segmented LFO, with BWCURVE file support, making use of the Curve Editor \(see section 16.2.1.1\) › With all familiar LFO modulator controls › A set *Rate* \(from *0.2* to *50*\) with regard to the set *Timebase* \(either *Hertz*, *Kilohertz*, *Bars* or other beat-time units, *Pitch \(of current note\)*, or *Hold*\) Both the *Rate* and *Timebase* can be modulated for each note, for example by *Velocity* \(from the Expressions modulator\), or any other source This *Rate*–*Timebase* pair defines the speed of the oscillator, which defaults to a setting of *1 Hz* › *Phase* parameter allows for full control of the envelope's position, small variations, or anything in between › Option to *Enabling Smoothing*, with *Smoothing Time* set in milliseconds/seconds Both settings can be automated and modulated, for controlling the sharpness vs. smoothness of each voice, for example by *Poly Pressure* \(from the Expressions modulator\), or any other source › A *Bipolar* toggle \(*±*\) maintains the curve's shape but rescales it, so that the minimum value is *-1* and the middle value is now *0* \(zero\) › Five *Trigger Mode* options, similar to other LFOs: *Free* - All voices play freely and never reset *Note* - Each voice resets to the current *Phase* when it receives a note *Sync* - Follows the relative phase \(*Phase* \+ Global transport position\) while transport is playing *Grv* \(Groove\) - Follows the groove-relative phase \(*Phase* \+ Global transport position, including groove\) while transport is playing **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   *Rnd* \(Random\) - Each voice goes to a random position when it receives a note › An *Amount* parameter controlling output scaling of each voice   19.27.4.4. LFO A fully functional low-frequency oscillator, with shape, phase, and polarity controls. It can also be tempo synced, set to fade in, given various reset modes, and be toggled to a polyphonic mode.   19.27.4.5. Random A tempo-synced random low-frequency oscillator. Output can be discrete or slewed, be unipolar or bipolar, be retriggered by *Note* or *Sync* messages, and be monophonic or polyphonic \(when applicable\).   19.27.4.6. Vibrato A musical LFO whose amount can be normalled to *Modwheel* or polyphonic *Pressure* \(which will use channel aftertouch if poly pressure isn't present\).   19.27.4.7. Wavetable LFO A morphable LFO, with Bitwig WT file support   19.27.5. Modifier Category Processor modulators.   19.27.5.1. Math One control source derived from two continuous knob controls. The output signal is a mathematical relation of the two signals, which is derived either by *MUL*\(tiplying\), *ADD*\(ing\), or *SUB*\(tracting\) the two **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   signals, or simply taking the *MIN*\(imum\) or *MAX*\(imum\) of the two values.   19.27.5.2. Mix One control source derived from two continuous fader controls. The output signal is determined by the current crossfade position between the two fader values.   19.27.5.3. Polynom A transfer function for reshaping an incoming modulation signal with a basic polynomial equation. The way to pass a signal into the module for processing is by modulating the *x=* parameter with any other modulator\(s\). Each of the four additional parameters represent a term of the cubic function used. *0* *1* *x * represents the offset applied to the function. *x * represents the function's slope \(or rotation\). *2* *x * represents the parabolic curve applied to the function, and *3* *x * represents a cubic curve \(like an S-curve\). The graphical interface helpfully visualizes the transfer function being used, and the processor will clip the output signal to stay within range.   19.27.5.4. Quantize A processor for reducing the resolution of an incoming modulation signal, often used to transform a fairly continuous signal into one that is more discrete. The way to pass a signal into the module for processing is by modulating the *Input* parameter with any other modulator\(s\). The *Quantize* factor sets the resolution of the output signal. A low setting restricts the output to be more like a pulse signal, and a high setting preserves the more continuous elements of the original signal. Additionally, four shape options \(*Linear*, *Log*, *Exp*, and *Sinh*\) adjust the spacing of the resolution grid used by the device.   19.27.5.5. Sample and Hold A processor that sustains \(or holds\) an incoming signal's value at the moment of each clock event. The way to pass a signal into the module **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   for processing is by modulating the *Input* parameter with any other modulator\(s\). The *Smooth* parameter represents the transition time between successive samples. The sampling clock can be set to various metronomic values \(such as *4th* for quarter notes, *1/8.* for dotted eighth notes, *bar* for one measure at the project's current tempo, etc.\), to free time values \(either hertz \[*Hz*\] or kilohertz \[*kHz*\]\), to the *Pitch* of the latest received note message, or to *Hold*, which keeps the output signal from changing. This base clock rate can then be scaled by the adjacent modulation knob, which at center is *1.00* \(100% or no change\), at far left is *0.02* \(2%\), and at far right is *50.00* \(5,000% or 50x\). At bottom, this device offers three modes of operation. *Free* allows the sampling clock to run independently, *Gate* restarts the clock whenever a new note message is received, and *Sync* restarts the clock whenever the transport is started.   19.27.6. Note-driven Category Devices triggered by notes or MIDI.   19.27.6.1. Channel-16 Sixteen control sources, one for each MIDI channel received. With global *Amount* and *Lag* controls, and an option to *Release with Note Offs* or not \(for per-voice uses\).   19.27.6.2. Expressions A module to extract incoming *VEL*\(ocity\), *REL*\(ease velocity\), *TIMB*\(re\), and *PRES*\(sure\) messages. Right-clicking the modulator's title or selecting the modulator itself and viewing the Inspector Panel shows parameters for enabling smoothing on all expressions and making the timbre expression relative at the time of each new note. All expressions are polyphonic when applicable.   19.27.6.3. Keytrack\+ Uses an embedded Curve Editor for drawing, saving, or loading keytracking curves \(see section 16.2.1.1\) **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.27.6.4. MIDI A module to extract either continuous controller \(*CC*\), *PRESSURE*, or pitch *BEND* messages arriving at the device's input.   19.27.6.5. Note Counter A module whose modulation output is incremented with each new note message received. The number of *Steps* counted and the value *Increment*-ed at each step can be set, as well as the *OUTPUT SCALING* method to be used for the modulation signal.   19.27.6.6. Pitch-12 Twelve control sources, one for each pitch class \(C, D, E, etc.\) received. With global *Amount* and *Lag* controls.   19.27.6.7. Relative Keytracking Note pitch modulator, with *Root* note and *Spread* options.   19.27.7. Sequence Category Providing step-/segment-based modulations.   19.27.7.1. 4-Stage A looping four-stage envelope generator, with definable times \(optionally tempo-synced\) and levels \(optionally bipolar\).   19.27.7.2. ParSeq-8 A special parameter sequencer, with the same global parameters as Steps \(see section 19.27.7.3\). Each step is its own modulation source so **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   assigned parameters are modulated and then reset when advancing to the next step. Each step starts with its step number, which can also be clicked to temporarily disable that step's modulations from taking effect. Next is a button with a musical *fermata* icon, which holds any previous modulations when this step begins \(instead of resetting them to zero\). Finally each step has a bipolar fader for scaling the depth of all modulations on that step.   19.27.7.3. Steps A tempo-syncable, bipolar step sequencer. Parameters include step count, direction \(forward, backward, and/or ping-pong mode that switches direction on each loop\), polarity, and phase \(*ø*\) for manual control of the play position. Trigger modes determine when the step sequencer advances: › *Transport* - Links to the global transport for play–stop status, tempo, and beat position › *with Groove* - Links to the global transport for play–stop status, tempo, and beat position with groove › *Free running* - Plays at the set rate, independent of the transport and incoming notes › *Note / Restart* - Plays at the set rate, with new notes restarting the pattern › *Note / Random* - Plays at the set rate, with new notes randomizing the position › *Note / Advance* - Holds the playhead in place, advancing only on incoming new note Right-clicking on the pattern interface also provides options to copy and paste the pattern, as well as to *Generate* a preset pattern to replace the current one, or to *Transform* the current pattern .   19.27.8. Voice Stacking Category Devices that work differently on each of the individual voices within an active voice stack. Proper function of these modules requires Voice Stacking to be active on the parent device \(see section 16.2.5\). **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.27.8.1. Stack Spread Offers 12 spread modes, for varying all voices in a stack with one modulation mapping to any parameter\(s\). All modes visualize the relative effect on each voice in the Inspector Panel. The first four modes offer simple *splits*, most of which are evenly distributed: › *0 to 1* spreads voices in a unipolar fashion, from 0% of the set modulation level to 100%. ›*-1 to 1* spreads voices in a bipolar fashion, from -100% of the set modulation level to 100% \(just as the built-in *Voice Stack Spread ±* modulator works\). › *Value* spreads voices from 0% in successive increments of 100% for each additional voice, making it easier to set amounts in some cases and to work with enumerated list parameters. › *Manual* allows you to manually create the distribution of values across voices with faders in the Inspector Panel \(which can even be automated/modulated themselves\). The middle four modes offer various defined *distributions*, all starting with maximum modulation on voice 1, and then reflecting to smaller and smaller values: › *Flipped* provides simple reciprocals \[1, 1/2, 1/3, ... 1/n\]. › n *Straight* gives harmonic relationships \[1, 1/2, 1/4, ... 1/2\], whether for pitch or rhythms. › *Primes* is the series of prime numbers, inverted \[1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/5, 1/7, 1/11...\]. › *Golden* provides the Fibonacci sequence \[1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/5, 1/8, 1/13...\]. **Note** If you want to reorient any of these distributions, consider using the modulation transfer functions \(see section 16.2.4.3\). For example, the *Toward Zero* mode would flip any of the distribution modes, giving the last voice a maximum modulation and the earlier voices getting smaller and smaller. The bottom four modes offer unique kinds of *randomization*, relating all the voices in any particular stack to each other. In this way, you'll either **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   get centered values that tend to peak on few voices each time \(with the first and third modes\), or you'll get more pronounced values that extend to the minimum and maximum each time \(with the second and fourth modes\): › *Rand\+* creates a unipolar random value for each voice \(at note on\), with all values adding up to *1*. › *Rand\+ ↕* offers a scaled, stronger version of *Rand\+*, tending towards more large values. › *Rand±* creates a bipolar random value for each voice \(at note on\), with all values adding up to *0* \(zero\). › *Rand\+ ↕* offers a scaled, stronger version of *Rand±*, tending towards more large values.   19.27.8.2. Voice Control Offers individual control of each voice with an active voice stack, with individual modulators for *Stack Voice 1* thru *Stack Voice 16* directly in the modulator square. **19.28. Grid Modules**
Each *Grid module* is a building block that can be loaded within any Grid device and interconnected with other modules. As in Bitwig Studio, the modules are categorized below by the type of function they perform and can be browsed that way. For more information on using The Grid and working with Grid devices, see ## **chapter 17**. And for full information on the parameters of each module, see the module's help view within Bitwig Studio \(see section 17.1.2.1.\).   19.28.1. I/O Category Terminal modules for signals entering or exiting this Grid device   19.28.1.1. Gate In Supplies note gate signals from the device **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.1.2. Phase In Supplies the device's default phase signal   19.28.1.3. Pitch In Supplies note pitch signals from the device   19.28.1.4. Velocity In Supplies note velocity signals from the device. *Velocity Mode* determines whether velocities are coming only from note *Ons* or note *Offs*, or if both note *Ons & Offs* velocities are offered together. *Velocity Mode* is visualized on the device face, and can be adjusted from the device's context menu \(via right-click\) or the Inspector Panel.   19.28.1.5. Audio In Supplies audio signals from the device   19.28.1.6. Audio Out Path to the device's audio output buss. Has an *Output Clipping Mode* option \(*Off*, *Hard*, or *Soft*\) and an *Output Clipping Level* setting \(*0 dB*, *\+6 dB*, *\+12 dB*, or *\+24 dB*\) for how to handles overages.   19.28.1.7. Gain In Supplies note gain expressions   19.28.1.8. Pan In Supplies note pan expressions **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.1.9. Pressure In Supplies note poly pressure signals from the device   19.28.1.10. Timbre In Supplies timbre expressions from the device   19.28.1.11. CC In Supplies select continuous control signals from any/all MIDI channels   19.28.1.12. CC Out Outputs continuous control signals on any MIDI channel   19.28.1.13. Note In Provides gate, expressions, and channel of every incoming note. Its eight out ports match the Note Out configuration \(including the *Enable All Expressions* \[*…*\] toggle for unfolding and showing all ports\), for easy processor patching.   19.28.1.14. Note Out Creates output notes, with all expressions available via eight in ports. › *Gate In* port triggers a note to be created › *Pitch In*, *Velocity In*, and *Channel In* can either be set with fixed values on the module's face, or provided with signals **Note** The *Pitch In* port requires an input signal between note C-2 \(*-0.5*\) and G8 \(*\+0.558*\). The *Velocity In* port requires an input signal at or above zero. **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   Only when these conditions are met will a high-logic signal at the *Gate In* port create a new note on. › When *Enable All Expressions* \(*…* toggle\) is on, *Timbre In*, *Pressure In*, *Gain In*, and *Pan In* ports are available for signal control of all note expressions › When *Enable All Expressions* \(*…* toggle\) is off, connections to these additional expression ports are remembered but inactive › As with any module, multiple Note Out modules can be loaded, helpful for sequencer or "groovebox" style patches, or whenever you want to group notes onto different MIDI channels, *etc.* *etc.*   19.28.1.15. Audio Sidechain Supplies audio signals from a selected project path   19.28.1.16. HW In Supplies audio signals from a selected external path   19.28.1.17. HW Out Path to a selected external audio output buss   19.28.1.18. CV In Supplies control voltage \(CV\) signals from a selected external path   19.28.1.19. CV Out Path to a selected external CV output buss   19.28.1.20. CV Pitch Out Path to a selected external CV output pitch buss **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.1.21. Key On Supplies note gate signals from a specified note and channel   19.28.1.22. Keys Held Number of keys currently held   19.28.1.23. Transport Playing Supplies the application's playback status   19.28.1.24. Voice Stack Info Supplies current voice stack index \(a polyphonic signal\) and the voice stack size   19.28.1.25. Modulator Out Makes incoming signals available as a modulator signal   19.28.2. Display Category Visualization and note-taking modules   19.28.2.1. Label Large text widget   19.28.2.2. Comment Smaller text widget **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.2.3. Oscilloscope Dual trace oscilloscope, with thru ports and controls for the *Y Maximum* level, whether to paint *Y Bipolar* or not \(for unipolar\), and whether the *Voice Shown* should be only the *Last voice* played or a sum of *All voices*.   19.28.2.4. Spectrum Spectrogram for up to four signals   19.28.2.5. VU Meter Averaging meter   19.28.2.6. XY Two-dimensional control pad   19.28.2.7. Value Readout Stereo numeric readout for various domains   19.28.3. Phase Category Modules that output wrapped phase signals   19.28.3.1. Phasor Phase signal generator with typical oscillator controls   19.28.3.2. Ø Bend Imposes a variable curve onto a phase signal **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.3.3. Ø Pinch Imposes an S-curve onto a phase signal   19.28.3.4. Ø Reset Offsets the incoming phase signal to *0* each time a trigger is received   19.28.3.5. Ø Scaler Scales an incoming phase signal to be proportionally faster or slower   19.28.3.6. Ø Reverse Inverts a proper phase signal   19.28.3.7. Ø Wrap Wraps any signal into the phase signal range   19.28.3.8. Pitch → Ø Wraps pitch signal's octave as phase signal   19.28.3.9. Ø Counter Translates successive trigger signals into discrete phase values   19.28.3.10. Ø Formant Amplifies the incoming signal around *\+0.5*   19.28.3.11. Ø Lag Lag processor that stays within the phase range **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.3.12. Ø Mirror Applies gain to the incoming phase signal and then reflects it   19.28.3.13. Ø Shift Offsets the incoming phase signal by a set amount   19.28.3.14. Ø Sinemod Modulates the incoming phase signal with a sine wave   19.28.3.15. Ø Skew Sets the incoming level to remap to *\+0.5*   19.28.3.16. Ø Sync Amplifies the incoming phase signal before wrapping it   19.28.3.17. Ø Split Equally distributes phase signal across up to 8 out ports   19.28.4. Data Category Lookup modules that are read with incoming phase signals   19.28.4.1. Gates Event sequencer   19.28.4.2. Pitches Mono pitch sequencer **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.4.3. Slopes A freely drawable, segmented sequencer, with BWCURVE file support, making use of the Curve Editor \(see section 16.2.1.1\) › With all familiar data sequencer module controls, and their common phase-driven approach › A stereo *Phase In* port for controlling playback, along with a *Use Device* *Phase* pre-cord › A *Bipolar* toggle \(*±*\) maintains the curve's shape but rescales it, so that the minimum value is *-1* and the middle value is now *0* \(zero\) › *Anti-aliasing* toggle enables smoothed playback of the curve › *Mute when stopped* option will force *0* \(zero\) output when the global transport isn't running   19.28.4.4. Steps Step sequencer   19.28.4.5. Triggers Generates N triggers evenly across each cycle   19.28.4.6. Probabilities Probabilistic event sequencer   19.28.4.7. Ø Pulse Pulse lookup module   19.28.4.8. Ø Saw Saw lookup module **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.4.9. Ø Sine Sine lookup module   19.28.4.10. Ø Triangle Triangle lookup module   19.28.4.11. Ø Window Cosine window module   19.28.4.12. Array Recordable lookup table   19.28.5. Oscillator Category Periodic signal generators based on waveforms or samples   19.28.5.1. Pulse Geometric pulse oscillator   19.28.5.2. Sawtooth Geometric sawtooth oscillator   19.28.5.3. Sine Sine wave oscillator   19.28.5.4. Triangle Geometric triangle oscillator **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.5.5. Union A DC-drifting, analog-inspired oscillator that blends pulse, saw, and triangle waves. Each of these three waves has its own *Level* control, or each waveform visual can be clicked to turn that wave all the way up \(*100 %*\) and to set the other two waves to zero. *Pulse Width* can be controlled directly by dragging the slider within the overview display.   19.28.5.6. Wavetable Wavetable oscillator, with special unison modes & processing options › Embedded graphic shows the full table contents with the current, interpolated output on top › Clicking on the display loads a visual wavetable browser, showing previews of all files, side by side › Factory content includes over 200 wavetables \(WT files\) across various categories, including: *Acoustic* - Based on real-world instruments & sounds *Analog* - Using analog techniques and sources *Digital* - Using digital techniques and sources *Fractal* - Spectra that grow recursively *Harmonics* - Basic wave morphs and harmonic series *LFO and Sequences* - Control signals of various kinds, well suited for the Wavetable LFO modulator \(see section 19.27.4.7\) and Grid module \(see section 19.28.7.3\) › Any WT file \(Surge format \[https://github.com/surge-synthesizer/ surge/blob/bffb770fe8a93db2587ac97ffda99121782a2e5b/doc/ wavetables.md\]\) can be read, as well as Serum-and WaveEdit— compatible WAV files, *etc.* › All in ports are fully stereo including *Table Index*, so the left and right channels can read different parts of the same wavetable Defaults to interpolating the loaded wavetable for smooth transitions, but has an option to disable this \(so that only tables in the loaded file are available\) › Three unique unison modes: **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   *Fat*, for stacking detuned voices flatly *Focused*, keeping in-tune voices more center and loud *Complex*, producing polyrhythms between voices \(and providing smoother retriggering\) › *Spread Unison Phases* option, which gives a different phase offset for each unison voice, resulting in a smoother unison sound with less beating › *Harmonic Phases* option, with different modes for affecting the loaded wavetable: *Aligned* - All harmonics use the same phase \(for a "focused" sound\) *Diffuse* - All phases are randomized \(for a "blurred" sound\) *Original* - Original wavetable file's values are preserved › *Remove Fundamental* option, to suppress the fundamental from each table \(which can be a nice bass trick\) › *Remove DC Offset* option, to offset the signal output so that it centers around zero. This can transform wavetables made for modulation \(such as the *LFO and Sequences* category\) into interesting audio sources. › When loaded in Polymer, these various processing options are available within a Pop-out Editor › Context-specific anti-aliasing is applied on playback   19.28.5.7. Sub Sub oscillator, with six *Waveform* options and an *Octave* offset   19.28.5.8. Bite A *Techniques*-driven oscillator, offering exponential FM, hard sync, PWM, and ring mod from dual oscillator feedback › Anti-aliasing and internal feedback allow for some very crisp, fresh, and/or modular analog sounds › Internal Oscillator A & B are identical, each providing seven waveshapes with *Pulse Width* controls, as well as fixed *Saw* and *Sine* options **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   Like the Union oscillator, the oscillators exhibit some smooth analog drift when *Pulse Width*, for example, is moved › Oscillator B can pulse-width modulate \(*PWM*\) Oscillator A › Oscillator A can do exponential frequency modulation \(*xFM*\) on Oscillator B › Oscillator A can also hard *SYNC* Oscillator B: *SYNC* is a useful way to use exponential FM without breaking the pitch of Oscillator B Oscillator B also has its own *Pitch Offset* control, for setting \(or modulating\) more interesting hard sync waveshapes › A trio of mix controls set the output level for oscillator *A*, oscillator *B*, and a ring-modulated mix \(*RM*\) of the two › The Grid module version has a special *Independent Mono Mode* toggle in the Inspector Panel This flattens the module to a mono output This also allows individual oscillator targeting via the in ports, routing left channel inputs only to Oscillator A and right channel inputs to Oscillator B   19.28.5.9. Phase-1 Phase distortion oscillator   19.28.5.10. Scrawl A freely drawable, segmented oscillator, with BWCURVE file support, making use of the Curve Editor \(see section 16.2.1.1\) › With anti-aliasing on the oscillator, to help make \(almost\) any shape work › With all familiar oscillator module controls › All the standard module pitch controls: *Key Tracking* pre-cord, automatically connecting note pitches to the pitch buss **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   *Numerator* and *Denominator* controls, for controlling pitch via ratio A *Pitch Offset*, for adjustment in semitones A *Detune* control, for adjustment in Hertz, along with the *Stereo Detune* toggle for an inverse detuning of the right channel › A *Retrigger on Notes* pre-cord, for reseting the oscillator's phase at note on › The Polymer module version of Scrawl also has: *Phase Modulation Amount* attenuator \(range *0 %* to *800 %*\) to allow modulation from the Sub *↑SYNC↑* toggle to enable hard sync from the Sub › The Grid module version of Scrawl also has standard oscillator module options: A stereo *Retrigger In* port A stereo *Phase In* port, with attenuator \(range *0 %* to *800 %*\) A stereo *Pitch In* port and input attenuator   19.28.5.11. Swarm Unison oscillator   19.28.5.12. Sampler Module version of the Sampler device \(see section 19.23.5\).   19.28.6. Random Category Aperiodic and randomized signal generators   19.28.6.1. Noise White/pink noise generator **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.6.2. S/H LFO Free/beat-synced random oscillator   19.28.6.3. Chance Weighted random logic signal generator   19.28.6.4. Dice Uniform random value generator   19.28.7. LFO Category Periodic low frequency oscillators   19.28.7.1. LFO Free/beat-synced geometric oscillator   19.28.7.2. Curves A freely drawable, segmented LFO, with BWCURVE file support, making use of the Curve Editor \(see section 16.2.1.1\) › With all familiar LFO modulator/module controls › A set *Rate* \(from *0.2* to *50*\) with regard to the set *Timebase* \(either *Hertz*, *Kilohertz*, *Bars* or other beat-time units, or *Hold*\) Both the *Rate* and *Timebase* can be modulated for each note, for example by *Velocity* \(from the Expressions modulator\), or any other source This *Rate*–*Timebase* pair defines the speed of the oscillator, which defaults to a setting of *1 Hz* › *Phase* parameter allows for full control of the envelope's position, small variations, or anything in between **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   › Option to *Enabling Smoothing*, with *Smoothing Time* set in milliseconds/seconds Both settings can be automated and modulated, for controlling the sharpness vs. smoothness of each voice, for example by *Poly Pressure* \(from the Expressions modulator\), or any other source › A *Bipolar* toggle \(*±*\) maintains the curve's shape but rescales it, so that the minimum value is *-1* and the middle value is now *0* \(zero\) › A stereo *Retrigger In* port, as well as a pre-cord to *Retrigger on Notes* › A stereo *Phase In* port and input attenuator › A stereo *Rate In* port and input attenuator › A *Phase Offset \(R\)* control, for adjusting the right channel's phase in relation to the general *Phase* value   19.28.7.3. Wavetable LFO A morphable LFO, with Bitwig WT file support   19.28.7.4. Clock Phase-signal generator set in Hertz   19.28.7.5. Transport Synced phase-signal generator   19.28.8. Envelope Category Modules that produce or extract an envelope, often with a normalled amplifier   19.28.8.1. ADSR Four-stage gated envelope generator with amplifier. Three *Model* options are available, shown by a clickable letter icon in the top left of the module \(*A*, *R*, or *D*\): **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   › *Analog* - Emulating Moog-style fixed curves and nonlinearities › *Relative* - With adjustable rate-differential curves › *Digital* - Clean math with adjustable curves, for precise time segments ADSR has the common *Gate In* port \(for controlling the envelope\), the *Envelope Out* port \(for the created envelope signal\), and the *Signal In* and *Out* ports \(for attenuating any incoming signal via the envelope\). Additionally, ADSR also has a special *Bias Out* port. This port outputs an offset version of the envelope signal that centers around zero in the sustain segment. So if the *Sustain* level is set to *35.0 %*, the *Bias Out* signal will go from *-0.35* to *\+0.65* in the attack segment, then coming down to *0* \(zero\) in the decay segment. After holding at zero for the sustain segment, the release will go from zero back down to *-0.35*. This could be used for a pitch effect that stabilizes in the sustain segment, or anything else you want to try.   19.28.8.2. AD Two-stage triggered envelope generator with amplifier, looping mode, and three *Model* options \(see section 19.28.8.1\)   19.28.8.3. AR Three-stage gated envelope generator with amplifier and three *Model* options \(see section 19.28.8.1\)   19.28.8.4. Pluck Plucked string-style envelope generator with amplifier   19.28.8.5. Segments A freely drawable, segmented envelope generator, with BWCURVE file support, making use of the Curve Editor \(see section 16.2.1.1\) › A freely drawable, segmented envelope generator › With all familiar envelope module controls › Four *Play Mode* options are available: **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   *One-shot* \(⇀\) - Plays thru the entire shape \(while the voice is alive\) at note on *Hold* \(䷿\) - Uses any one of the curve's points as the hold/sustain level, which is also the release start *Looping* \(⥤\) - Uses any two of the curve's points, and loops forwards between them on sustain; the loop end point is also the release start *Ping Pong* \(⇌\) - Uses any two of the curve's points, and loops forwards and backwards between them on sustain; the loop end point is also the release start The hold point or loop region & start/end points are shown in the inverse color of the interface You can either drag one of these points to another point, or right-click on any point and choose the appropriate option — either *Set Hold Point* \(when in *Hold* mode\), or *Set Loop Start* / *Set Loop End* \(when in *Looping* or *Ping Pong* modes\) › A set *Rate* \(from *0.2* to *50*\) with regard to the set *Timebase* \(either *Minutes*, *Seconds*, *Milliseconds*, *Bars* or other beat-time units, or *Hold*\) Both the *Rate* and *Timebase* can be modulated for each note, for example by *Velocity* \(from the Expressions modulator\), or any other source This *Rate* –*Timebase* pair defines the *primary interval* of the whole envelope, which defaults to a setting of *1 bar*, and with a shape that ends after one iteration The Curve Editor is scrollable and shows a time ruler in the primary interval \(*1*, *2*… n\), with the set number of grid units displaying within each primary interval Clicking and dragging in the ruler area allows for zooming and scrolling, just as with the Arranger Points can be added or dragged to extend the length of the envelope, so taking the default settings and adding a point at the *4* line would extend the shape to be 4 bars long › Option to *Enabling Smoothing*, with *Smoothing Time* set in milliseconds/seconds Both settings can be automated and modulated, for controlling the sharpness vs. smoothness of each voice, for example by *Poly Pressure* \(from the Expressions modulator\), or any other source **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   On the Polymer module version of Segments, both parameters are available in a context menu when right-clicking on the module's background › A *Bipolar* toggle \(*±*\) maintains the curve's shape but rescales it, so that the minimum value is *-1* and the middle value is now *0* \(zero\) › A stereo *Gate In* port, as well as a pre-cord to *Gate on Notes* › A stereo in and out port for an internal amplifier, under the control of the envelope signal › An *Affect voice lifetime* toggle to allow the module to keep voices active   19.28.8.6. Follower-RF Envelope extractor with segment times   19.28.8.7. Slope ↗ Slope shaper for rising signals   19.28.8.8. Slope ↘ Slope shaper for falling signals   19.28.8.9. Follower Symmetric envelope extractor   19.28.9. Filter Category Frequency-dependent amplifiers   19.28.9.1. Low-pass LD Resonant low-pass ladder filter **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.9.2. Low-pass MG A Moog-inspired low-pass filter, with mix buss saturation via the *Drive* control   19.28.9.3. Sallen-Key Resonant Sallen-Key filter, with 16 different models of either low-pass, high-pass, or band-pass configurations, with various slopes   19.28.9.4. SVF Highly resonant multimode filter   19.28.9.5. XP Friend of Ladder device and inspired by Mr Oberheim, with 15 filter configurations   19.28.9.6. Comb Comb filter with *Feedback* control and *Dampening Frequency* \(which is relative to the module's *Cutoff Frequency*\)   19.28.9.7. Vowels An *Inspired* filter that produces vowel sounds › Can be used several ways, including: Setting \(or hard modulating/automating\) a single vowel Setting and morphing anywhere between two and five vowels Any combination, all with different configurations and vowel models › Standard filter controls include: *Drive* to affect the incoming signal level **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   A *Q Limit* Inspector Panel \(or *Resonance Limit* via right-click context menu\) control, for adjusting when the filter model saturates › Five *Vowel Position* choosers are available, located around a central, bipolar *Vowel Blend* knob: *Vowel Blend* at *-100 %* uses only the nearby *Vowel Position 1* *Vowel Blend* at *0 %* uses only the nearby *Vowel Position 3* *Vowel Blend* at *\+100 %* uses only the nearby *Vowel Position 5* *Vowel Blend* corresponds to *Vowel Position 2* at *-50 %* and *Vowel Position 4* at *\+50 %*; if set to vowel sounds, only those values will be heard; if set to *None* \(the default\), the surrounding vowels will be blended perfectly there Each position offers 27 different vowel sounds to choose from: *i* - As in “see” or “eat” *y* - With a rounded w-, like “we” *ɪ* - As in “sit” or “hit” *ʏ* - A medium oo, like “ooze” *ɨ* - An exaggerated oo, like “eww” \(gross\) *ʉ* - A slow oo, like "ooh\!" \(surprise\) *ɯ* - As in “hook” or “book” *u* - As in “pool” or “cool” *e* - As in “say” or “rain” *ø* - With a closed -l, like “ool” *ɘ* - Partly closed, as in “eh” *ɵ* - As in “foot” or “would” *ɣ* - Partly closed, as in “uh” *o* - First sound in “coat” or “bold” *ə* - As in “run” or “ton” *ɛ* - As in “get” or “rent” **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   *œ* - With a round -l, like “ole” *ɜ* - Partly closed, as in “ah” *ɞ* - Partly closed, as in “aw” *ʌ* - As in “fun” or “come” *ɔ* - As in “more” or “floor” *æ* - As in “cat” or “hat” *ɐ* - With a subtle -r, like “are” *a* - First sound in “hi” or “fight” *Œ* - With an open -l, like “all” *ɑ* - As in “far” or “star” *ɒ* - As in “want” or “job” Each *Vowel Position* can be set in two ways: Clicking on any position opens a pop-up menu of all available vowels sounds and description texts Clicking and dragging on any position starts moving thru the vowels sounds, for a quick workflow with audible results \(if audio is passing\) In The Grid, a stereo in port \(*Vowel In*\) is available for adding to the *Vowel Blend* value › *Profile* selects which set of vowel data to use, with choices including: *Women 1* - an older data set, with average values from several women *Women 2* - a modern data set, with average values from several women *Female* - values from one individual female *Men 1* - an older data set, with average values from several men *Men 2* - a modern data set, with average values from several men *Male* - values from one individual male *Kids* - average values from several children **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   › The *Topology* chooser \(on the right edge of the module\) sets the structure of the filter, from three choices: *Cascade* - Serial low-pass filters; a bit better for traditional text-to-speech sounds *LP/BP* - Low-pass and band-pass filters, processed in parallel; a synth-ier, Autobahn-friendly vibe *LP/BP/HP* - Low-pass, band-pass, and high-pass filters in parallel; adds a slight bit more highs › Several parameters influence the tuning of the internal filters in use: *Cutoff Pitch Offset* moves the internal filters by semitones The *Cutoff In* port and its associated *Cutoff Modulation Amount* attenuator allows stereo manipulation of the *Cutoff Pitch Offset* Note: While this is like moving the cutoff of a normal filter up and down, the result is different and you might want to start by disabling pitch modulation The *Cutoff Frequency Offset* \(in the Inspector Panel or via right-click context menu\) allows linear frequency manipulation, which can be interesting for formants *Resonance* adjusts the relative sharpness of the internal filters   19.28.9.8. Fizz A modern *Character* filter for spreading harmonic nodes around › Has a bit of a moving formant sensibility › Takes place inside a stereo, resonant low-pass filter, with standard options: *Drive* to affect the incoming signal level *Main Cutoff Frequency* control Stereo input for cutoff modulation, with *Cutoff Modulation Amount* set in semitones *Key Tracking Amount*, for using incoming note pitches to affect the cutoff buss › For this algorithm, additional controls include: **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   *Feedback Gain*, which feeds or chokes the nested filter *Feedback Cutoff Frequency*, for tuning the nested filter A bipolar *Color* control, which shifts the placement and variation of formant peaks An *Alternate Color* toggle, for a reorienting and different tuning of the circuit   19.28.9.9. Rasp A modern *Character* filter that can scream or whisper › Creates resonant peaks on top of the standard filter › Takes place inside a stereo, resonant filter, with standard options: *Drive* to affect the incoming signal level A *Filter Type* setting, to switch between an outer *Low-pass* filter or a *Band-pass* model *Cutoff/Center Frequency* control Stereo input for cutoff modulation, with *Cutoff Modulation Amount* set in semitones *Key Tracking Amount*, for using incoming note pitches to affect the cutoff buss A *Feedback Limit* Inspector Panel \(and right-click context menu\) control, for adjusting when the filter model saturates › For this algorithm, additional controls include: *Resonance*, which enunciates or chokes the nested filter A *Brightness Mode* setting, with various options for how resonance peaks move: *Shift* - Gently moves past the main cutoff, usually emphasizing a central peak *Double* - A tuned mixture of the *Shift* and *Gravity* modes *Gravity* - Pulls and pushes toward the main cutoff with a bit of magnetism **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   The bipolar *Brightness* control applies the set *Brightness Mode*, bending the new resonant nodes thru various harmonic — and inharmonic — positions   19.28.9.10. Ripple A modern *Character* filter with hyper-resonance › Three elemental modes provide different levels of fun/wreckage that often anchors to harmonics of the incoming signal › Takes place inside a stereo, resonant filter, with standard options: *Drive* to affect the incoming signal level *Main Cutoff Frequency* control Stereo input for cutoff modulation, with *Cutoff Modulation Amount* set in semitones *Key Tracking Amount*, for using incoming note pitches to affect the cutoff buss › For this algorithm, additional controls include: Bipolar *Feedback Gain*, which feeds or chokes the nested filter *Feedback Cutoff Frequency*, for tuning the nested filter A *Nature* setting, with various models for the filter: *Earth* - Gently moves past the main cutoff, usually emphasizing a central peak *Wind* - Focused feedback, ready to blow *Fire* - Broad feedback, with some motion Two additional toggles, *Tweak Feedback* and *Tweak Feedforward*, modify those points in the filter circuit, either dampening or expanding resonance A *Low Quality* toggle \(in the Inspector Panel or via right-click context menu\), for adjusting the filter's tuning and reducing the CPU load **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.9.11. All-pass All-pass filter with adjustable slope   19.28.9.12. High-pass High-pass filter with adjustable slope   19.28.9.13. Low-pass Low-pass filter with adjustable slope   19.28.10. Shaper Category Various linear and nonlinear waveshapers   19.28.10.1. Chebyshev Nonlinear shaper that can target harmonics   19.28.10.2. Distortion Gentle distortion, with optional *Anti-aliasing* mode   19.28.10.3. Hard Clip Simple clipper, with optional *Anti-aliasing* mode   19.28.10.4. Quantizer Reduces signal resolution, with optional *Anti-aliasing* mode   19.28.10.5. Wavefolder Reflects each cycle back on itself, with optional *Anti-aliasing* mode **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.10.6. Diode A *Parametric* shaper modeling the classic circuit in a modern way › *Bias* parameter for offsetting the signal to be asymmetric › *Drive* parameter for pushing the signal to bend › *Low-pass Cutoff Frequency* control for rounding it off and restoring some order › One *Drive* parameter for going thru the module's unique path, with optional high-order *Anti-aliasing* \(*AA*\)   19.28.10.7. Rectifier Scales the positive and negative signal excursions separately, with optional *Anti-aliasing* mode   19.28.10.8. Saturator Waveshaper with loud/quiet settings \+ bipolar skews. Module version of the Saturator device \(see section 19.6.5\).   19.28.10.9. Transfer A freely drawable, segmented waveshaper, with BWCURVE file support, making use of the Curve Editor \(see section 16.2.1.1\) › A freely drawable, segmented waveshaper › With familiar shaper module controls and form › *Anti-aliasing* \(*AA*\) toggle enables smoothed response of the shaper › Modulatable *Drive* control that goes in both directions \(±24 dB\), for pushing the incoming signal to interesting parts of the curve › A *Bipolar* toggle \(*±*\) maintains the curve's shape but rescales it, so that the minimum value is *-1* and the middle value is now *0* \(zero\) › The unipolar mode \(when *Bipolar* is off\) has two options: *Clip* - To truncate signals below zero at the value set there **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   *Reflect* - To mirror signal below zero negatively, good for processing a bipolar signal symmetrically   19.28.10.10. Push A *Character* soft clipper with a detailed curve, using one *Drive* parameter for going thru the module's unique path, with optional high-order *Anti-aliasing* \(*AA*\)   19.28.10.11. Heat A *Character* S-shaped clipper that starts soft but can drive hard, using one *Drive* parameter for going thru the module's unique path, with optional high-order *Anti-aliasing* \(*AA*\)   19.28.10.12. Soar A *Character* soft wave folder that makes the quietest parts loud, using one *Drive* parameter for going thru the module's unique path, with optional high-order *Anti-aliasing* \(*AA*\)   19.28.10.13. Howl A *Character* wave folder that puts different parts of the signal into loud focus, using one *Drive* parameter for going thru the module's unique path, with optional high-order *Anti-aliasing* \(*AA*\)   19.28.10.14. Shred A *Character* nonlinear wave folder for subtle cancellation or big-time artifacts, using one *Drive* parameter for going thru the module's unique path, with optional high-order *Anti-aliasing* \(*AA*\)   19.28.10.15. Curve Remaps defined input and output levels **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.11. Delay/FX Category Delay functions and other timebased audio FX   19.28.11.1. Delay Simple delay   19.28.11.2. Long Delay Delay set in time or beat units; also allows feedback connections   19.28.11.3. Mod Delay Modulator delay with internal feedback loop   19.28.11.4. Chorus\+ Chorus, with four different *Character* modes. Module version of the Chorus\+ device \(see section 19.14.1\).   19.28.11.5. Flanger\+ Flanger, with four different *Character* modes. Module version of the Flanger\+ device \(see section 19.14.3\).   19.28.11.6. Phaser\+ Phaser, with four different *Character* modes. Module version of the Phaser\+ device \(see section 19.14.5\).   19.28.11.7. All-pass Delay All-pass filter configured as a delay **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.11.8. Recorder Signal capture device   19.28.12. Mix Category Signal routing and mixing modules   19.28.12.1. Blend Crossfades between two incoming signals   19.28.12.2. Mixer Stereo mixer for up to six channels   19.28.12.3. Pan Panning control   19.28.12.4. Stereo Width Signal width control   19.28.12.5. Toggle In Switch between two incoming signals, with a button directly on the module   19.28.12.6. Toggle Out Switch between two outgoing paths, with a button directly on the module **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.12.7. Toggle Signal gate, with an on/off button directly on the module   19.28.12.8. Crossover-2 Two-band Linkwitz–Riley frequency split, for subsequent routing/audio processing of your choice **Note** This module swaps well *Filter* modules, maintaining the *Crossover-2* frequency by using it for the primary frequency control of just about any filter, and vice versa.   19.28.12.9. Crossover-3 Three-band Linkwitz–Riley frequency split, for subsequent routing/audio processing of your choice **Note** When replacing Crossover-2 with Crossover-3, the *Crossover-2* frequency will be used for the *Low Crossover Frequency* parameter of Crossover-3.   19.28.12.10. Select In Binary selector between two incoming signals   19.28.12.11. Select Out Binary selector between two outputs   19.28.12.12. Merge Router with up to eight in ports, passing one or two adjacent incoming signals out at a time **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.12.13. Split Router with up to eight out ports, sending the incoming signal to one or two adjacent out ports at a time   19.28.12.14. LR Gain Independent gain controls for a signal's left and right channels   19.28.12.15. Stereo Merge Constructs a signal from left/right and mid/side components   19.28.12.16. Stereo Split Separates a signal into its left/right and mid/side components   19.28.12.17. Voice Stack Mix Modulatable processor with standard mix controls \(volume, panning, solo, enable\) for each voice in the stack, at any point within a patch   19.28.12.18. Voice Stack Tog Modulatable processor to toggle the signal for each voice in the stack, at any point within a patch   19.28.13. Level Category Amplitude-based functions, values, and converters   19.28.13.1. Level Constant set in decibels **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.13.2. Value Constant set as percentage   19.28.13.3. Amplify Signal amplifier set in percentage \(up to *800 %*\)   19.28.13.4. Attenuate Signal attenuator   19.28.13.5. Bias Signal offset   19.28.13.6. Gain - dB Decibel gain control   19.28.13.7. Gain - Vol ## Volume gain control 19.28.13.8. Velo Mult Velocity-controlled scaler   19.28.13.9. Average Signal averager   19.28.13.10. Lag Lag processor **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.13.11. Bend Imposes a variable curve onto a signal   19.28.13.12. Clip Signal clipper   19.28.13.13. Level Scaler Scales incoming unipolar signal to a defined decibel range   19.28.13.14. Pinch Imposes an S-curve onto an audio signal, with *Stereo-ize* option   19.28.13.15. Value Scaler Scales incoming unipolar signal to a defined value range   19.28.13.16. AM/RM Crossfades between dry carrier, classic amplitude modulation, and ring modulation   19.28.13.17. Hold Level sustainer   19.28.13.18. Sample / Hold Level sampler   19.28.13.19. Shift Register Serial level sampler, with up to eight out ports **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.13.20. Bi→Uni Converts a bipolar signal to unipolar   19.28.13.21. Uni→Bi Converts a unipolar signal to bipolar   19.28.13.22. Poly→Mono Flattens any signal, making it the same for all voices. With five modes: › *Last* - Newest voice's signal › *Sum* - All voices are added together › *Average* - All voices are averaged › *Min* - Lowest signal level is used › *Max* - Highest signal level is used   19.28.14. Pitch Category Modules that produce pitch values   19.28.14.1. Pitch Constant set as pitch   19.28.14.2. Octaver Octave pitch shifter   19.28.14.3. Ratio Ratio-based pitch shifter **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.14.4. Transpose Semitone pitch shifter   19.28.14.5. Pitch Quantize Quantizes incoming signal to designated or currently held pitch classes   19.28.14.6. by Semitone Quantizes incoming signal to exact semitones   19.28.14.7. Pitch Buss Pitch summing buss with attenuators for up to six inputs › Attenuators are set in a range of ±36 semitones › Inputs two to six also have a *Thru \(No Attenuation\)* option \(a clickable *=* icon\) that adds that incoming signal without attenuation, good in the case of actual pitch signals, *etc.*   19.28.14.8. Pitch Scaler Scales incoming unipolar signal to a defined pitch range   19.28.14.9. Zero Crossings Rough pitch estimator   19.28.14.10. Freq → Pitch Hertz \(or kilohertz\) to pitch converter, with optional stereo detune   19.28.14.11. Pitch → Freq Pitch to Hertz \(or kilohertz\) converter, with optional stereo detune **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.15. Math Category Basic arithmetic operators   19.28.15.1. Constant Constant for large, precise numbers   19.28.15.2. Invert   Gives a button to reverse polarity -1\) of the incoming signal, with \(× *Stereo-ness* option   19.28.15.3. Reciprocal Gives a button to flip \(1/x\) the incoming signal, with *Stereo-ness* option   19.28.15.4. Add Add two signals   19.28.15.5. Divide Divide one signal from another   19.28.15.6. Multiply Multiply two signals   19.28.15.7. Subtract Subtract one signal from another   19.28.15.8. Abs Separates a signal into its magnitude and sign components **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.15.9. Ceil Rounds all decimal values up to the next integer   19.28.15.10. Floor Rounds all decimal values down to the previous integer   19.28.15.11. MinMax Provides the current higher and lower values of two signals   19.28.15.12. Quantize Uses a set step size for the signal   19.28.15.13. Round Rounds all decimal values below '0.5' increments down and those at or above '0.5' up   19.28.15.14. Product Multiplies all inputs together   19.28.15.15. Sum Adds all inputs together   19.28.15.16. Exp Provides either *x* *x* *x* *2* , *e* , or *10* of the incoming signal \(x\), depending on the *Base* parameter **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.15.17. Exponents Provides a power of the incoming signal, with an integer *Exponent* parameter between *-9* and *\+9*   19.28.15.18. Lin → dB Converts linear amplitudes to decibel values   19.28.15.19. Log Provides either *log**2**x*, *log**e**x*, or *log**10**x* of the incoming signal \(x\), depending on the *Base* parameter   19.28.15.20. Power Raises one signal to the power of another   19.28.15.21. Roots Provides a root of the incoming signal, with an integer *Degree* parameter between *1* and *9*   19.28.15.22. dB → Lin Converts decibel values to linear amplitudes   19.28.16. Logic Category Comparators and other modules that output logic signals   19.28.16.1. Button Toggle for sending a logic signal **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.16.2. Trigger Momentary toggle for sending a logic signal   19.28.16.3. Clock Divide Divides a clock signal to trigger every N pulses   19.28.16.4. Clock Quantize Holds a trigger signal until the next clock pulse   19.28.16.5. Gate Length Produces a logic pulse of set duration on trigger   19.28.16.6. Gate Repeat Produces repeated logic pulses of set duration while input is high   19.28.16.7. Logic Delay Delays the high-or low-logic states   19.28.16.8. Latch Allows trigger signals to alternate or set an output state   19.28.16.9. N-Latch Allows trigger signals to alternate between multiple output states   19.28.16.10. = Comparator assessing if two signals are roughly equal **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.16.11. ≥ Comparator assessing if one signal is either greater than or equal to another   19.28.16.12. > Comparator assessing if one signal is greater than another   19.28.16.13. ≤ Comparator assessing if one signal is either less than or equal to another   19.28.16.14. < Comparator assessing if one signal is less than another   19.28.16.15. ≠ Comparator assessing if two signals are unequal   19.28.16.16. NOT Logic inverter   19.28.16.17. AND Logic gate seeking all inputs to be true   19.28.16.18. OR Logic gate seeking any input to be true   19.28.16.19. XOR Logic gate seeking only one input to be true **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.28.16.20. NAND Logic gate seeking any inputs to be false   19.28.16.21. NOR Logic gate seeking all inputs to be false   19.28.16.22. XNOR Logic gate seeking all inputs to be matching **19.29. Legacy Devices**
These Bitwig devices were previously included at the top level of the program. They are still part of Bitwig Studio for compatibility purposes.   19.29.1. Audio MOD \(A Bitwig Studio version 1 *modulator* device; now a *container* device, when shown\) A modulator that applies a filter and envelope follower to an incoming audio signal, which is then used as the control signal.   19.29.2. LFO MOD \(A Bitwig Studio version 1 *modulator* device; now a *container* device, when shown\) A modulator that provides two low-frequency, tempo-syncable oscillators as independent modulation sources.   19.29.3. Note MOD \(A Bitwig Studio version 1 *modulator* device; now a *container* device, when shown\) A modulator that takes incoming or designated note signals and creates summed, monophonic versions of their expressions along with a configurable envelope signal. **19. DEVICE DESCRIPTIONS**   19.29.4. Step MOD \(A Bitwig Studio version 1 *modulator* device; now a *container* device, when shown\) A step sequencer whose output is used as a modulation source.