episode stringlengths 45 100 | text stringlengths 1 528 | timestamp_link stringlengths 56 56 |
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Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | But there's been a lot of success on the supervised learning side. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:31:35.720 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | Yes, yes. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:31:39.840 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | And one of the things I'm really passionate about is how humans and robots work together. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:31:40.840 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | And in the context of supervised learning, that means the process of annotation. Do you | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:31:46.680 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | think about the problem of annotation put in a more interesting way as humans teaching | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:31:52.800 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | machines? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:32:00.080 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | Yes. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:32:01.080 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | Is there? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:32:02.080 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | Yes. I think it's an important subject. Reducing it to annotation may be useful for somebody | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:32:03.080 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | building a system tomorrow. But longer term, the process of teaching, I think, is something | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:32:09.560 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | that deserves a lot more attention from the machine learning community. So there are people | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:32:16.300 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | who have coined the term machine teaching. So what are good strategies for teaching a | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:32:19.960 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | learning agent? And can we design and train a system that is going to be a good teacher? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:32:24.560 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | So in my group, we have a project called BBI or BBI game, where there is a game or scenario | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:32:33.160 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | where there's a learning agent and a teaching agent. Presumably, the teaching agent would | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:32:42.200 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | eventually be a human. But we're not there yet. And the role of the teacher is to use | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:32:48.480 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | its knowledge of the environment, which it can acquire using whatever way brute force | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:32:57.960 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | to help the learner learn as quickly as possible. So the learner is going to try to learn by | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:33:04.840 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | itself, maybe using some exploration and whatever. But the teacher can choose, can have an influence | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:33:10.760 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | on the interaction with the learner, so as to guide the learner, maybe teach it the things | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:33:19.920 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | that the learner has most trouble with, or just add the boundary between what it knows | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:33:27.160 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | and doesn't know, and so on. So there's a tradition of these kind of ideas from other | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:33:30.840 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | fields and like tutorial systems, for example, and AI. And of course, people in the humanities | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:33:36.180 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | have been thinking about these questions. But I think it's time that machine learning | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:33:45.320 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | people look at this, because in the future, we'll have more and more human machine interaction | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:33:48.240 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | with the human in the loop. And I think understanding how to make this work better, all the problems | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:33:55.440 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | around that are very interesting and not sufficiently addressed. You've done a lot of work with | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:34:01.040 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | language, too. What aspect of the traditionally formulated Turing test, a test of natural | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:34:06.160 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | language understanding and generation in your eyes is the most difficult of conversation? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:34:14.000 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | What in your eyes is the hardest part of conversation to solve for machines? So I would say it's | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:34:19.520 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | everything having to do with the non linguistic knowledge, which implicitly you need in order | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:34:25.640 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | to make sense of sentences, things like the Winograd schema. So these sentences that are | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:34:32.300 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | semantically ambiguous. In other words, you need to understand enough about the world | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:34:37.680 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | in order to really interpret properly those sentences. I think these are interesting challenges | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:34:43.720 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | for machine learning, because they point in the direction of building systems that both | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:34:49.280 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | understand how the world works and this causal relationships in the world and associate that | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:34:57.300 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | knowledge with how to express it in language, either for reading or writing. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:35:03.760 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | You speak French? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:35:12.080 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | Yes, it's my mother tongue. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:35:13.080 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | It's one of the romance languages. Do you think passing the Turing test and all the | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:35:14.760 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | underlying challenges we just mentioned depend on language? Do you think it might be easier | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:35:20.400 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | in French than it is in English, or is independent of language? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:35:24.320 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | I think it's independent of language. I would like to build systems that can use the same | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:35:28.920 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | principles, the same learning mechanisms to learn from human agents, whatever their language. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:35:37.600 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | Well, certainly us humans can talk more beautifully and smoothly in poetry, some Russian originally. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:35:46.720 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | I know poetry in Russian is maybe easier to convey complex ideas than it is in English. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:35:53.560 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | But maybe I'm showing my bias and some people could say that about French. But of course, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:36:02.600 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | the goal ultimately is our human brain is able to utilize any kind of those languages | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:36:09.480 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | to use them as tools to convey meaning. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:36:15.880 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | Yeah, of course, there are differences between languages, and maybe some are slightly better | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:36:18.280 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | at some things, but in the grand scheme of things, where we're trying to understand how | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:36:22.040 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | the brain works and language and so on, I think these differences are minute. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:36:26.120 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | So you've lived perhaps through an AI winter of sorts? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:36:32.040 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | Yes. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:36:38.880 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | How did you stay warm and continue your research? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:36:39.920 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | Stay warm with friends. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:36:44.740 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | With friends. Okay, so it's important to have friends. And what have you learned from the | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:36:45.740 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | experience? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:36:51.160 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | Listen to your inner voice. Don't, you know, be trying to just please the crowds and the | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:36:53.600 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | fashion. And if you have a strong intuition about something that is not contradicted by | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:37:02.040 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | actual evidence, go for it. I mean, it could be contradicted by people. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:37:10.320 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | Not your own instinct of based on everything you've learned? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:37:17.280 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | Of course, you have to adapt your beliefs when your experiments contradict those beliefs. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:37:20.600 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | But you have to stick to your beliefs. Otherwise, it's what allowed me to go through those years. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:37:28.320 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | It's what allowed me to persist in directions that, you know, took time, whatever other | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:37:35.000 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | people think, took time to mature and bring fruits. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:37:42.040 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | So history of AI is marked with these, of course, it's marked with technical breakthroughs, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:37:48.040 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | but it's also marked with these seminal events that capture the imagination of the community. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:37:54.520 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | Most recent, I would say, AlphaGo beating the world champion human Go player was one | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:38:00.980 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | of those moments. What do you think the next such moment might be? | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:38:06.400 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | Okay, so first of all, I think that these so called seminal events are overrated. As | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:38:12.360 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | I said, science really moves by small steps. Now what happens is you make one more small | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:38:22.600 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | step and it's like the drop that, you know, that fills the bucket and then you have drastic | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:38:30.200 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | consequences because now you're able to do something you were not able to do before. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:38:39.480 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | Or now, say, the cost of building some device or solving a problem becomes cheaper than | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:38:43.920 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | what existed and you have a new market that opens up, right? So especially in the world | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:38:49.720 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | of commerce and applications, the impact of a small scientific progress could be huge. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:38:53.900 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | But in the science itself, I think it's very, very gradual. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:39:03.760 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | And where are these steps being taken now? So there's unsupervised learning. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:39:07.800 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | So if I look at one trend that I like in my community, so for example, at Milan, my institute, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:39:13.160 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | what are the two hardest topics? GANs and reinforcement learning. Even though in Montreal | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:39:23.380 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | in particular, reinforcement learning was something pretty much absent just two or three | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:39:31.840 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | years ago. So there's really a big interest from students and there's a big interest from | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:39:37.020 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | people like me. So I would say this is something where we're going to see more progress, even | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:39:44.280 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | though it hasn't yet provided much in terms of actual industrial fallout. Like even though | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:39:51.560 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | there's AlphaGo, there's no, like Google is not making money on this right now. But I | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:39:58.680 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | think over the long term, this is really, really important for many reasons. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:40:03.360 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | So in other words, I would say reinforcement learning may be more generally agent learning | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:40:08.960 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | because it doesn't have to be with rewards. It could be in all kinds of ways that an agent | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:40:13.840 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | is learning about its environment. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:40:17.520 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | Now reinforcement learning you're excited about, do you think GANs could provide something, | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:40:20.720 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | at the moment? Well, GANs or other generative models, I believe, will be crucial ingredients | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:40:28.840 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | in building agents that can understand the world. A lot of the successes in reinforcement | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:40:38.880 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | learning in the past has been with policy gradient, where you just learn a policy, you | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:40:45.480 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | don't actually learn a model of the world. But there are lots of issues with that. And | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:40:51.160 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | we don't know how to do model based RL right now. But I think this is where we have to | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:40:55.760 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | go in order to build models that can generalize faster and better like to new distributions | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:41:00.880 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | that capture to some extent, at least the underlying causal mechanisms in the world. | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:41:09.340 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | Last question. What made you fall in love with artificial intelligence? If you look | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:41:16.120 |
Yoshua Bengio: Deep Learning | Lex Fridman Podcast #4 | back, what was the first moment in your life when you were fascinated by either the human | https://karpathy.ai/lexicap/0004-large.html#00:41:21.480 |
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