README.md

---
license: cc-by-nc-nd-4.0
language:
- en
pretty_name: US Parcel Layer — The Landrecords.us Nationwide Parcel Dataset
size_categories:
- 100B<n<1T
task_categories:
- tabular-classification
- tabular-regression
tags:
- geospatial
- parcels
- cadastral
- real-estate
- land-records
- united-states
- gis
- property
- tax-assessment
- multipolygon
source_datasets:
- original
---

# US Parcel Layer — The Landrecords.us Nationwide Parcel Dataset

The [Landrecords.us](https://www.landrecords.us) National Parcel Dataset is a comprehensive,
standardized geospatial dataset aggregating **~157 million** parcel boundaries and their
associated land-ownership and taxation attributes, harmonized from thousands of local
jurisdictions across the United States into a single national schema.

Each record is a land parcel: a polygon representing the boundary of an individual tract of
land as delineated for tax-assessment purposes by the jurisdiction in which it resides, together
with ~94 standardized attributes describing that parcel. Geometries are derived from digitized
cadastral maps, surveys, recorded deeds, and legal descriptions.

This dataset redacts property ownership details.

- **Curated by:** [landrecords.us](https://www.landrecords.us)
- **Language(s):** English (US)
- **License:** [CC BY-NC-ND 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
  (Attribution — NonCommercial — NoDerivatives)
- **Records:** ~157M land parcels
- **Coverage:** United States (all states and territories)
- **Coordinate reference system:** WGS 84 (EPSG:4326)
- **Update cadence:** Quarterly
- **File Format**: GeoParquet

## Uses

### Direct Use

- Real-estate and housing-market analysis
- Land-ownership and public/private land research
- Geospatial and cadastral analysis, mapping, and enrichment
- Joining property attributes to external datasets by FIPS, address, or geometry
- Flood-risk, zoning, land-use, and environmental-permit screening

### Out-of-Scope Use

The license (**CC BY-NC-ND 4.0**) prohibits **commercial use** and the distribution of
**derivative/adapted** versions of the data. It is intended for research, education, and
non-commercial analysis. For commercial licensing or the redistributable/current production
feed, see [landrecords.us](https://www.landrecords.us).

## Dataset Structure

The dataset is distributed as a single compressed archive.

| Item | Value |
|------|-------|
| File | `archive.zip` |
| Size | ~115GB |
| Format | Geospatial vector — parcel polygons + tabular attributes |
| Kaggle version | v2 |

### Schema

Each parcel record carries the following harmonized attributes. `REQUIRED` fields are
populated for every record; `NULLABLE` fields depend on availability from the source
jurisdiction.

**Identifiers & jurisdiction**

| Column | Type | Req. | Description |
|--------|------|------|-------------|
| `lrid` | UUID | ✔ | Universally unique ID assigned to each parcel by Land Records |
| `parcelid` | string | ✔ | Local parcel identifier (APN / AIN / PID / PIN); format varies |
| `parcelid2` | string |  | Alternate parcel ID from the local/state authority |
| `ogparcelid` | string |  | Original parcel identifier (as received) |
| `ogparcelid2` | string |  | Secondary original parcel identifier |
| `parentid` | string |  | Parent parcel identifier |
| `stackid` | UUID |  | Identifier for a parcel stack (co-located/overlapping parcels) |
| `geoid` | string | ✔ | Combined state+county FIPS code |
| `statefp` | string | ✔ | State FIPS code |
| `countyfp` | string | ✔ | County FIPS code |
| `countyname` | string |  | County name |
| `cousubfp` | string |  | County-subdivision FIPS code |
| `cousubname` | string |  | County-subdivision name |
| `tractce` | string |  | Census tract code |
| `tractname` | string |  | Census tract name |
| `taxdistrict` | string |  | Tax district name |

**Assessment & taxation**

| Column | Type | Req. | Description |
|--------|------|------|-------------|
| `taxacctnum` | string |  | Tax account number |
| `taxyear` | int |  | Year for which taxes are assessed |
| `imprvalue` | bigint |  | Assessed value of improvements (buildings) |
| `landvalue` | bigint |  | Assessed surface land value only |
| `agvalue` | bigint |  | Assessed value of agricultural rights |
| `totalvalue` | bigint |  | Total assessed value (`landvalue + imprvalue + agvalue`) |
| `saleamt` | bigint |  | Most recent recorded sale amount |
| `saledate` | date |  | Most recent recorded sale date |
| `taxacres` | float |  | Assessor-specified acreage (may differ from calculated area) |

**Land use, zoning & structures**

| Column | Type | Req. | Description |
|--------|------|------|-------------|
| `usecode` | string |  | Land-use code (mapped to standard categories where possible) |
| `usedesc` | string |  | Land-use description |
| `zoningcode` | string |  | Zoning code (jurisdiction-specific) |
| `zoningdesc` | string |  | Zoning description |
| `numbldgs` | string |  | Number of buildings (primary + accessory) |
| `numunits` | string |  | Number of living units (often estimated from mailing addresses) |
| `yearbuilt` | string |  | Construction year of primary building |
| `numfloors` | string |  | Number of stories/floors (rarely available; may be estimated) |
| `bldgsqft` | string |  | Assessed square footage of primary building |
| `bldgtype` | string |  | Building type |
| `bedrooms` | int |  | Assessed bedrooms in main building |
| `fullbaths` | int |  | Assessed full bathrooms |
| `halfbaths` | int |  | Assessed half bathrooms |
| `fireplaces` | int |  | Number of fireplaces |
| `heating` | string |  | Heat-distribution system type (enumerated) |
| `heatfuel` | string |  | Primary heating fuel (enumerated) |
| `cooling` | string |  | Cooling/AC system type (enumerated) |
| `foundation` | string |  | Foundation type |
| `roofcover` | string |  | Roof-covering material |
| `siding` | string |  | Siding type |
| `naicscode` | string |  | NAICS industry classification code |

**Ownership & addresses**

| Column | Type | Req. | Description |
|--------|------|------|-------------|
| `ownername` | string |  | Recorded owner name (REDACTED) |
| `owneraddr` | string |  | Owner mailing street address (REDACTED) |
| `ownercity` | string |  | Owner mailing city |
| `ownerstate` | string |  | Owner mailing state |
| `ownerzip` | string |  | Owner mailing postal code |
| `ownertype` | string |  | Legal nature of owner (PERSON, BUSINESS, NONPROFIT, GOVERNMENT, TRUST, ESTATE) |
| `parceladdr` | string |  | Physical parcel street address |
| `parcelcity` | string |  | Parcel city |
| `parcelstate` | string | ✔ | Parcel state |
| `parcelzip` | string |  | Parcel postal code |
| `parceltype` | string |  | Ownership/management category (REDACTED) |
| `accesstype` | string |  | Public physical access (REDACTED) |
| `iucnclass` | string |  | IUCN protected-area classification |
| `placename` | string |  | Place name |
| `placetype` | string |  | Type of place |

**Legal description & PLSS**

| Column | Type | Req. | Description |
|--------|------|------|-------------|
| `legaldesc` | string |  | Legal description (lot/plat/book, etc.) |
| `township` | string |  | PLSS township |
| `range` | string |  | PLSS range |
| `section` | string |  | PLSS section |
| `qtrsection` | string |  | PLSS quarter-section |
| `plssdesc` | string |  | Full PLSS description (NULL in the 20 non-PLSS states) |
| `book` | string |  | Plat book |
| `page` | string |  | Plat book page |
| `block` | string |  | Plat block |
| `lot` | string |  | Plat lot |

**Geometry & geography**

| Column | Type | Req. | Description |
|--------|------|------|-------------|
| `geom` | geometry | ✔ | Parcel boundary as `MULTIPOLYGON` (EPSG:4326) |
| `calcarea` | float | ✔ | Calculated geometry area in square meters |
| `centroidx` | numeric | ✔ | Longitude of geographic center (EPSG:4326) |
| `centroidy` | numeric | ✔ | Latitude of geographic center (EPSG:4326) |
| `surfpointx` | numeric | ✔ | Longitude of a point guaranteed to fall inside the parcel |
| `surfpointy` | numeric | ✔ | Latitude of a point guaranteed to fall inside the parcel |
| `elevmin` | float |  | Minimum elevation |
| `elevmax` | float |  | Maximum elevation |
| `elevavg` | float |  | Average elevation |

**Flood, environment & permits**

| Column | Type | Req. | Description |
|--------|------|------|-------------|
| `firmid` | string |  | FEMA FIRM identifier |
| `firmdate` | date |  | Date associated with the FIRM |
| `fldzone` | string |  | Flood-zone designation |
| `zonesubty` | string |  | Flood-zone subtype |
| `staticbfe` | float |  | Static Base Flood Elevation |
| `frsid` | string |  | EPA Facility Registry Service identifier |
| `dfrurl` | string |  | URL to EPA Detailed Facility Report |
| `caapermit` | string |  | Clean Air Act permit identifier |
| `cwapermit` | string |  | Clean Water Act permit identifier |
| `rcrapermit` | string |  | RCRA permit identifier |

**Provenance & versioning**

| Column | Type | Req. | Description |
|--------|------|------|-------------|
| `updated` | date | ✔ | Last known update date of the source data |
| `lrversion` | string | ✔ | Dataset release version (`YEAR.QUARTER`) |
| `extras` | JSON |  | Additional/supplemental jurisdiction metadata |

## Dataset Creation

### Source Data

Parcel geometries and attributes are aggregated from **county and municipal tax-assessor
offices, planning departments, and GIS departments** across the United States. The raw source
data is ingested, harmonized to the common schema above, and validated. Locality-specific codes
(e.g., `zoningcode`, `usecode`) are mapped to standardized categories where possible and
otherwise retained in their original form.

### Precision & Processing

- **Source precision varies** with the original survey method vs. digitization from aerial
  imagery; there is no standardized way to ascertain per-county source accuracy.
- **Output geometry** is snapped to a `1e-7` uniform grid (~1 cm at most North American
  latitudes) and reprojected from source **NAD83** to **WGS 84** output; the datum
  transformation is typically accurate to within one meter but varies by latitude.
- Some structural attributes (`numunits`, `numfloors`) are **estimated** where direct source
  values are unavailable and confidence is high.

## Bias, Risks, and Limitations

- **Attribute completeness varies by jurisdiction.** Many `NULLABLE` fields are sparsely
  populated because thousands of independent authorities publish different attribute sets.
- **`lrid` identifies a parcel across space but not perfectly across time** — subdivisions and
  boundary changes can break lineage between quarterly versions.
- **Personal information:** ownership fields (`ownername`, `owner*` mailing address) originate
  from public records and may include the names/addresses of individuals. Handle in accordance
  with applicable privacy law and the non-commercial license terms.
- Standardized codes are best-effort mappings; verify against the originating jurisdiction for
  authoritative or legal use.

## Citation

Please attribute **Landrecords.us** when using this dataset.

```
Landrecords.us National Parcel Dataset. landrecords.us, 2026.
https://www.landrecords.us
```

## More Information

- Project & documentation: <https://www.landrecords.us>
- Schema reference: <https://www.landrecords.us/documentation/data-content>
- Original Kaggle release: <https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/landrecordsus/us-parcel-layer>