application_number
string | publication_number
string | title
string | decision
string | date_produced
string | date_published
string | main_cpc_label
string | cpc_labels
string | main_ipcr_label
string | ipcr_labels
string | patent_number
string | filing_date
string | patent_issue_date
string | abandon_date
string | uspc_class
string | uspc_subclass
string | examiner_id
string | examiner_name_last
string | examiner_name_first
string | examiner_name_middle
string | inventor_list
string | abstract
string | claims
string | background
string | summary
string | full_description
string | ipcr_label_section
string | ipcr_label_class
string | ipcr_label_subclass
string | ipcr_label_group
string | ipcr_label_subgroup
string |
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11749149
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US20070211113A1-20070913
|
WIDE FORMAT PRINT ASSEMBLY HAVING CMOS DRIVE CIRCUITRY
|
ACCEPTED
|
20070829
|
20070913
|
[]
|
B41J204
|
["B41J204"]
|
7591534
|
20070515
|
20090922
|
347
|
042000
|
76004.0
|
NGUYEN
|
LAMSON
|
[{"inventor_name_last": "Silverbrook", "inventor_name_first": "Kia", "inventor_city": "Balmain", "inventor_state": "", "inventor_country": "AU"}]
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A print assembly is provided having an elongate carrier that is mountable on a support structure of a printer, printhead integrated circuits mounted on the carrier, and CMOS drive circuitry positioned on the carrier and operatively connected to the printhead integrated circuits to drive operation thereof. The printhead integrated circuits are provided in a number and configuration such that the printhead integrated circuits define an elongate printing zone of at least 914 mm. Each printhead integrated circuit incorporates nozzle arrangements each having a nozzle, an ink chamber, an ink inlet, an actuator, and a drive circuit to achieve the ejection of ink from the nozzle arrangement.
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1. A print assembly comprising: an elongate carrier mountable on a support structure of a printer; a plurality of printhead integrated circuits mounted on the carrier, the printhead integrated circuits being provided in a number and configuration such that the printhead integrated circuits define an elongate printing zone of at least 914 mm, each printhead integrated circuit incorporating a plurality of nozzle arrangements, each nozzle arrangement comprising a nozzle, an ink chamber, an ink inlet, an actuator, and a drive circuit to achieve the ejection of ink from the nozzle arrangement; and CMOS drive circuitry positioned on the carrier and operatively connected to the printhead integrated circuits to drive operation thereof. 2. A print assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nozzle arrangements are positioned on CMOS drive circuitry layers defined on wafer substrates, the CMOS drive circuitry being connected to the CMOS layers of the printhead integrated circuits. 3. A print assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nozzle arrangements and CMOS drive circuitry are configured so that the printhead integrated circuits are driven by the CMOS drive circuitry to print more than one billion drops of ink per second. 4. A print assembly as claimed in claim 3, wherein the printhead integrated circuits are driven by the CMOS drive circuitry to print at least 1.8 billion drops of ink per second. 5. A print assembly as claimed in claim 3, wherein the printhead integrated circuits are driven by the CMOS drive circuitry to print up to 21.6 billion drops of ink per second. 6. A print assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the CMOS drive circuitry incorporates a plurality of print engine integrated circuits positioned on the carrier, each print engine integrated circuit being connected to an associated number of the printhead integrated circuits. 7. A print assembly as claimed in claim 6, wherein each print engine integrated circuit is connected to up to sixteen printhead integrated circuits. 8. A print assembly as claimed in claim 6, wherein each print engine integrated circuit drives operation of at least 100,000 nozzle arrangements. 9. A print assembly as claimed in claim 6, wherein each print engine integrated circuit incorporates processing circuitry for processing print data to be printed by the printhead integrated circuits. 10. A print assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein between 40 and 100 printhead integrated circuits are mounted on the carrier. 11. A print assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the printhead integrated circuits are each positioned at a common angle of greater than zero degrees and less than ninety degrees with respect to a straight line extending at right angles to a feed direction of print media, with consecutive ends of the printhead integrated circuits overlapping to ensure continuous printing in the printing zone. 12. A print assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein the a plurality of modules are detachably mounted on the carrier, one printhead integrated circuit being incorporated in each module. 13. A print assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein an ink reservoir assembly is mounted on the carrier in fluid communication with the printhead integrated circuits, the ink reservoir assembly being configured to supply the printhead integrated circuits with at least three inks of different colors. 14. A pagewidth inkjet printer comprising: a support structure; a print assembly as claimed in claim 1 supported by the support structure; and a feed mechanism supported by the support structure for feeding print media though the printing zone.
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<SOH> BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION <EOH>High volume, high resolution printing is an objective that has been sought by the manufacturers of wide format printers for some time. Wide format printers have been available to the public for many years. Examples of popular wide format printers are the Hewlett Packard (HP) 1000/5000, the HP 3000/3500, the Epson 7000/10000 and many others. These printers all have a traversing printhead that traverses a print medium while depositing ink on the medium. Applicant believes that these printers suffer from inherent disadvantages, particularly when attempts are made to utilize the design of such printers in order to achieve faster printing speeds at high resolutions. Central to the problem of achieving high printing speeds is the ability to achieve a printhead that is capable of generating the necessary number of ink dots at a suitable rate. Further, in order to achieve accurate printing, it is desirable that a row or band of the image be created in as little print cycles as possible, and preferably in a single print cycle. It follows that it is undesirable for a traversing printhead to be used in an attempt to achieve high print speeds and that a single printhead incorporating a suitable number of inkjet nozzles is required. Thermal printheads also referred to as bubble jet printheads and piezoelectric printheads have been available for some time. These suffer from excessive heat build up and energy consumption and have therefore been found by the applicant to not be suitable for use in a pagewidth configuration. A number of disadvantages associated with such printheads are set out in U.S. Pat. No. 6,443,555. The applicant has developed a printhead chip that is capable of producing images having a resolution as high as 1600 dpi. These chips are manufactured using integrated circuit fabrication techniques. Details of the chips are provided in the above referenced applications and patents. Applicant believes that these printhead chips are extremely suitable for use in wide format printers. The reason for this is that such chips operate at extremely high speeds due to the large number of nozzle arrangements required in a single chip and due to the fact that such chips can be driven at an extremely high cyclical rate. The Applicant has been faced with a number of difficulties in order to achieve the effective use of such printhead chips in wide format printers. One particular difficulty identified by the Applicant is the effective control of a number of such printhead chips to achieve accurate printing. This control must incorporate the use of effective image processing tools that are capable of processing stored images at a rate that corresponds with the physical rate of printing achievable by a number of the above printhead chips. Another difficulty that faces the manufacturers of wide format printers are the problems associated with heat build up. This can often result in the necessity for expensive heat extraction devices that add to the complexity of the printer.
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<SOH> SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION <EOH>According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a printing mechanism that comprises an elongate support structure; a pair of busbars that are mounted on the support structure; a plurality of printed circuit boards that are mounted on the support structure to be electrically connected to the busbars, each printed circuit board including print engine control circuitry that is configured to control operation of a number of printhead chips; a plurality of ink distribution structures that are mounted on the support structure and connectable to a supply of ink; and a plurality of printhead modules that are mounted on respective ink distribution structures, each printhead module having a carrier and a printhead chip positioned on the carrier, each printhead chip having a plurality of nozzle arrangements that are positioned on a wafer substrate, each nozzle arrangement incorporating a micro-electromechanical actuator for ejecting ink from a nozzle chamber, and being mounted on a respective ink distribution assembly, a number of the printhead chips being connected to the print engine control circuitry such that each nozzle arrangement can receive data signals from the print engine control circuitry. The support structure may include an elongate chassis that is interposed between a pair of end supports, the chassis being shaped to support the printed circuit boards on one side of the chassis and the ink distribution structures on another side of the chassis, with the busbars interposed between the printed circuit boards and said one side of the chassis. Each printhead module may include a flexible printed circuit board that interconnects the printhead chip to the control circuitry. The print engine control circuitry of each printed circuit board may be defined by an integrated circuit. The support structure may include a channel member that is mounted on the chassis and the ink distribution structures may be positioned in a channel defined by the channel member. Each ink distribution structure may define a plurality of ink reservoirs that extend through the ink distribution structure such that ink reservoirs extend a length of the channel member when the ink distribution structures are positioned in the channel. The printing mechanism may include a connecting assembly that is mounted on an endmost ink distribution structure to permit a plurality of ink conduits to be connected to the endmost ink distribution structure with each conduit being in fluid communication with a respective ink reservoir. According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a print assembly for a wide format pagewidth inkjet printer, the print assembly comprising an elongate carrier that is mountable on a support structure of the printer and is positioned an operative distance from a platen of the printer; a number of printhead chips that are mounted on the carrier, the printhead chips being provided in a number and configuration such that the printhead chips define a printing zone between the carrier and the platen, the printing zone having a length of at least 36 inches (914 mm), each printhead chip being of the type that incorporates a plurality of nozzle arrangements, each nozzle arrangement being in the form of a micro electromechanical system to achieve the ejection of ink from the nozzle arrangement; and control circuitry that is positioned on the carrier and is operatively connected to the printhead chips to control operation of the printhead chips. According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a wide format pagewidth inkjet printer that comprises a support structure; a platen positioned in the support structure; a print assembly positioned operatively with respect to the platen, the print assembly comprising an elongate carrier that is mounted on the support structure of the printer and is positioned an operative distance from the platen; a number of printhead chips mounted on the carrier, the printhead chips being provided in a number and configuration such that the printhead chips define a printing zone between the carrier and the platen, the printing zone having a length of at least 36 inches (914 mm), each printhead chip being of the type that incorporates a plurality of nozzle arrangements, each nozzle arrangement being in the form of a micro electromechanical system to achieve the ejection of ink from the nozzle arrangement; and control circuitry that is positioned on the carrier and is operatively connected to the printhead chips to control operation of the printhead chips; and a feed mechanism that is positioned on the support structure for feeding a print medium though the printing zone. The invention is now described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description is not intended to limit the broad scope of the above summary.
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CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/478,588 filed on Jul. 3, 2006, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/231,875 filed on Sep. 22, 2005, now issued U.S. Pat. No. 7,172,265, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/082,932 filed on 18 Mar. 2005, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,008,041, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/743,759 filed on Dec. 24, 2003, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,916,082 which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/120,351 filed on Apr. 12, 2002, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,672,706, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/112,767 filed on Jul. 10, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,416,167, the entire contents of which are herein incorporated by reference. The following United States applications and patents are hereby incorporated by reference: 6,227,652 6,213,588 6,213,589 6,231,163 6,247,795 6,394,581 6,244,691 6,257,704 6,416,168 6,220,694 6,257,705 6,247,794 6,234,610 6,247,793 6,264,306 6,241,342 6,247,792 6,264,307 6,254,220 6,234,611 6,302,528 6,283,582 6,239,821 6,338,547 6,247,796 6,390,603 6,362,843 6,293,653 6,312,107 6,227,653 6,234,609 6,238,040 6,188,415 6,227,654 6,209,989 6,247,791 6,336,710 6,217,153 6,416,167 6,243,113 6,283,581 6,247,790 6,260,953 6,267,469 6,273,544 6,309,048 6,420,196 6,443,558 6,439,689 6,378,989 6,406,129 6,505,916 6,457,809 6,457,812 6,428,133 6,362,868, 6,443,555 6,634,735 6,557,977 6,623,101 FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a wide format pagewidth inkjet printer. More particularly, this invention relates to a printing mechanism for a wide format pagewidth inkjet printer and to a wide format pagewidth inkjet printer. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION High volume, high resolution printing is an objective that has been sought by the manufacturers of wide format printers for some time. Wide format printers have been available to the public for many years. Examples of popular wide format printers are the Hewlett Packard (HP) 1000/5000, the HP 3000/3500, the Epson 7000/10000 and many others. These printers all have a traversing printhead that traverses a print medium while depositing ink on the medium. Applicant believes that these printers suffer from inherent disadvantages, particularly when attempts are made to utilize the design of such printers in order to achieve faster printing speeds at high resolutions. Central to the problem of achieving high printing speeds is the ability to achieve a printhead that is capable of generating the necessary number of ink dots at a suitable rate. Further, in order to achieve accurate printing, it is desirable that a row or band of the image be created in as little print cycles as possible, and preferably in a single print cycle. It follows that it is undesirable for a traversing printhead to be used in an attempt to achieve high print speeds and that a single printhead incorporating a suitable number of inkjet nozzles is required. Thermal printheads also referred to as bubble jet printheads and piezoelectric printheads have been available for some time. These suffer from excessive heat build up and energy consumption and have therefore been found by the applicant to not be suitable for use in a pagewidth configuration. A number of disadvantages associated with such printheads are set out in U.S. Pat. No. 6,443,555. The applicant has developed a printhead chip that is capable of producing images having a resolution as high as 1600 dpi. These chips are manufactured using integrated circuit fabrication techniques. Details of the chips are provided in the above referenced applications and patents. Applicant believes that these printhead chips are extremely suitable for use in wide format printers. The reason for this is that such chips operate at extremely high speeds due to the large number of nozzle arrangements required in a single chip and due to the fact that such chips can be driven at an extremely high cyclical rate. The Applicant has been faced with a number of difficulties in order to achieve the effective use of such printhead chips in wide format printers. One particular difficulty identified by the Applicant is the effective control of a number of such printhead chips to achieve accurate printing. This control must incorporate the use of effective image processing tools that are capable of processing stored images at a rate that corresponds with the physical rate of printing achievable by a number of the above printhead chips. Another difficulty that faces the manufacturers of wide format printers are the problems associated with heat build up. This can often result in the necessity for expensive heat extraction devices that add to the complexity of the printer. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a printing mechanism that comprises an elongate support structure; a pair of busbars that are mounted on the support structure; a plurality of printed circuit boards that are mounted on the support structure to be electrically connected to the busbars, each printed circuit board including print engine control circuitry that is configured to control operation of a number of printhead chips; a plurality of ink distribution structures that are mounted on the support structure and connectable to a supply of ink; and a plurality of printhead modules that are mounted on respective ink distribution structures, each printhead module having a carrier and a printhead chip positioned on the carrier, each printhead chip having a plurality of nozzle arrangements that are positioned on a wafer substrate, each nozzle arrangement incorporating a micro-electromechanical actuator for ejecting ink from a nozzle chamber, and being mounted on a respective ink distribution assembly, a number of the printhead chips being connected to the print engine control circuitry such that each nozzle arrangement can receive data signals from the print engine control circuitry. The support structure may include an elongate chassis that is interposed between a pair of end supports, the chassis being shaped to support the printed circuit boards on one side of the chassis and the ink distribution structures on another side of the chassis, with the busbars interposed between the printed circuit boards and said one side of the chassis. Each printhead module may include a flexible printed circuit board that interconnects the printhead chip to the control circuitry. The print engine control circuitry of each printed circuit board may be defined by an integrated circuit. The support structure may include a channel member that is mounted on the chassis and the ink distribution structures may be positioned in a channel defined by the channel member. Each ink distribution structure may define a plurality of ink reservoirs that extend through the ink distribution structure such that ink reservoirs extend a length of the channel member when the ink distribution structures are positioned in the channel. The printing mechanism may include a connecting assembly that is mounted on an endmost ink distribution structure to permit a plurality of ink conduits to be connected to the endmost ink distribution structure with each conduit being in fluid communication with a respective ink reservoir. According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a print assembly for a wide format pagewidth inkjet printer, the print assembly comprising an elongate carrier that is mountable on a support structure of the printer and is positioned an operative distance from a platen of the printer; a number of printhead chips that are mounted on the carrier, the printhead chips being provided in a number and configuration such that the printhead chips define a printing zone between the carrier and the platen, the printing zone having a length of at least 36 inches (914 mm), each printhead chip being of the type that incorporates a plurality of nozzle arrangements, each nozzle arrangement being in the form of a micro electromechanical system to achieve the ejection of ink from the nozzle arrangement; and control circuitry that is positioned on the carrier and is operatively connected to the printhead chips to control operation of the printhead chips. According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a wide format pagewidth inkjet printer that comprises a support structure; a platen positioned in the support structure; a print assembly positioned operatively with respect to the platen, the print assembly comprising an elongate carrier that is mounted on the support structure of the printer and is positioned an operative distance from the platen; a number of printhead chips mounted on the carrier, the printhead chips being provided in a number and configuration such that the printhead chips define a printing zone between the carrier and the platen, the printing zone having a length of at least 36 inches (914 mm), each printhead chip being of the type that incorporates a plurality of nozzle arrangements, each nozzle arrangement being in the form of a micro electromechanical system to achieve the ejection of ink from the nozzle arrangement; and control circuitry that is positioned on the carrier and is operatively connected to the printhead chips to control operation of the printhead chips; and a feed mechanism that is positioned on the support structure for feeding a print medium though the printing zone. The invention is now described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description is not intended to limit the broad scope of the above summary. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the drawings, FIG. 1 shows a schematic, three-dimensional view of part of a printing mechanism of a print assembly, in accordance with the invention, of a printer, also in accordance with the invention; FIG. 2 shows a front view of the printing mechanism of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 shows a rear view of the printing mechanism of FIG. 1; FIG. 4 shows a three dimensional, external view of the printer; FIG. 5 shows a schematic, three-dimensional view of operative parts of the printer; FIG. 6 shows a schematic, exploded view of the printer; FIG. 7 shows a schematic, side sectioned view of a portion of the printer incorporating the print assembly; FIG. 8 shows an exploded view of an operative portion of the printing mechanism; FIG. 9 shows a cross sectional view of an operative portion of the printing mechanism; FIG. 10 shows a high-level block diagram of an image processing apparatus of the print assembly; FIG. 11 shows an expanded block diagram of a page expansion unit of the image processing apparatus; FIG. 12 shows a block diagram of the image processing apparatus incorporating the page expansion unit; FIG. 13 shows a schematic, three-dimensional view of part of a printhead chip of the print assembly of the printer, showing one nozzle arrangement of the printhead chip; and FIG. 14 shows a schematic, three-dimensional view of a printhead module that incorporates a printhead chip. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In FIG. 4, reference numeral 10 generally indicates a printer, in accordance with the invention. The printer 10 has a support structure 12 that supports a print assembly 14, also in accordance with the invention, above a substrate. The support structure 12 includes a pair of spaced feet 16 and a leg 18 extending from each foot 16. The print assembly 14 is mounted on the legs 18 to span the legs 18. A media tray 20 is positioned between the legs 18. The media tray 20 is configured to store suitable print media, such as paper 22. The paper 22 is fed from a media feed mechanism in the form of a media roll 166 through the print assembly 14 and on to a take up spool 24. An electronics enclosure 26 is also positioned between the legs 18 to enclose various electronic components that are described below. The print assembly 14 includes a lid 28, with a handle 30, and a front cover 32. The lid 28 and front cover 32 are positioned between a pair of end moldings 34. The print assembly 14 also includes a color TFT LCD 36 with touch screen navigation. A stop button 38 is also provided to enable a user to stop operation of the print assembly 14. The print assembly 14 and its various components are shown in further detail in the remaining Figures. In FIGS. 1 to 3, reference numeral 40 generally indicates a printing mechanism of the print assembly 14. As can be seen in the drawings, the printing mechanism 40 is segmented. In particular, the printing mechanism 40 includes an image processing apparatus, in accordance with the invention, that includes nine printed circuit boards (PCB's) 42 connected to each other with corresponding connector blocks 44. The printing mechanism 40 further includes a printhead 41 having seventy-two printhead modules 46. Each PCB 42 is configured to control eight printhead modules 46. It follows that nine PCB's 42 are provided. The printhead modules 46 are described in further detail below. Each PCB 42 includes a print engine controller (PEC) 48. The PEC's 48 are also described in further detail below. Each PCB 42 also includes a memory storage device in the form of memory chips and more particularly in the form of 64 Mbit external DRAM chips 50. The DRAM chips 50 cooperate with the PEC 48 in a manner that is described below. Further, each PCB 42 includes a quality authentication (QA) chip 52. Details of a suitable QA chip are set out in the above referenced U.S. Pat. No. 6,362,868 and are therefore not set out in this description. The QA chip 52 serves to inhibit unauthorized refilling of ink in the manner described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,362,868, in addition to other functions such as ensuring the quality of print media used with the printer 10. An endmost PCB 42 includes a serial connector 54 that permits serial data cables 56 to be connected to the PCB's 42. Each PCB 42 is connected to its associated printhead modules 46 with a flexible PCB 58. The printing mechanism 40 includes a metal chassis 60 that extends between a pair of side moldings 61 that are positioned in the end moldings 34. The PCB's 42 are mounted on the chassis 60. The chassis 60 has a generally U-shaped cross section. A channel 62 of an Invar alloy is positioned on the chassis 60. A chassis molding 64 of a plastics material is positioned on an outside of the chassis 60 and the channel 62. Each PCB 42 is mounted on the chassis molding 64. The chassis molding 64 defines a pair of recesses 66 on an outer side of the chassis molding 64. The recesses 66 extend a length of the chassis molding 64. A busbar 68 is positioned in each recess 66. The busbars 68 are configured to supply electrical power to the PCB's 42. An ink reservoir assembly 70 is positioned in the Invar channel 62. The ink reservoir assembly 70 includes an ink distribution arrangement 72. Each printhead module 46 is positioned on a respective ink distribution arrangement 72. In particular, each printhead module 46 is removably mounted on its ink distribution arrangement 72 to facilitate removal and replacement when necessary. The ink reservoir assembly 70 includes a plurality of ink reservoir moldings 76. Each ink reservoir molding 76 corresponds with an associated printhead module 46. The ink reservoir moldings 76 are positioned end-to-end along and within the Invar channel 62. Each ink reservoir molding 76 defines a plurality of elongate ink channels 74, each accommodating a differently colored ink. Thus, effective elongate ink channels extend a length of the Invar channel 62. An end cap molding 78 is positioned on an endmost ink reservoir molding 76. The end cap molding 78 has a plurality of connectors 80 defined thereon and in alignment with respective ink channels 74 when the end cap molding 78 is positioned on said endmost ink reservoir molding 76. The connectors 80 are connectable to an ink hose connector 82. The ink hose connector 82 is, in turn, connected to each of a plurality of ink hoses 84. It follows that each hose 84 is in fluid communication with a respective ink channel 74. Each hose 84 supplies the ink reservoir assembly 70 with ink of a particular color. For example, the hoses 84 can carry Cyan (C), Magenta (M), Yellow (Y) and Black (K) inks, respectively. In this case, four hoses 84 are provided. Also, each reservoir molding 76 defines four ink channels 74. Alternatively, the hoses 84 can carry Cyan (C), Magenta (M), Yellow (Y), Red (R), Green (G) and Blue (B) inks, respectively. In this case, six hoses 84 are provided. Also, each reservoir molding 76 then defines six ink channels 74. Instead of six differently colored inks, the six hoses 84 can carry CMYK and Infrared (IR) inks and a fixative (F) for high speed printing so that the inks can dry rapidly. Each hose 84 is connected to a respective ink container 86 (FIG. 5), so that each hose 84 is connected between an ink container 86 and a particular ink channel 74. The hoses 84 are connected to their respective containers 86 with T-piece connectors 94 shown in FIG. 1. The print assembly 14 includes a plurality of capping devices 88 that correspond with respective printhead modules 46. Each capping device 88 is displaceable between an operative position in which it serves to cap its respective printhead module 46, to inhibit drying of ink, and an inoperative position in which ink can be ejected from the printhead module 46. A camshaft 90 is positioned in the chassis 60. A translating member 92 interconnects the camshaft 90 and the capping devices 88, so that rotational movement of the camshaft 90 results in reciprocal movement of the capping devices 88 between their operative and inoperative positions. The camshaft 90 is driven with a suitable motor, indicated generally at 96 in FIG. 5. Further detail of the print assembly 14 is shown in FIG. 7. As can be seen in this drawing, the front cover 32, the lid 28 and a rear cover 98 together define a housing 100 for the print assembly 14. A plurality of ink cartridges 102 is positioned beneath the lid 28. Each ink cartridge 102 stores one of the inks mentioned above. Each ink cartridge 102 is positioned between a pair of clips 104 so that it can be replaced when necessary. Each ink cartridge 102 and a respective ink reservoir 86 are in fluid communication with each other, when the ink cartridge 102 is received between the clips 104. A pair of platens, in the form of an upper platen 106 and a lower platen 108 is positioned within the housing 100. A pair of spaced primary rollers in the form of an upper primary roller 110 and a lower primary roller 112 is provided to displace the paper 22 through the print assembly 14. The upper roller 110 is positioned at an upper end of the platens 106, 108, while the lower roller 112 is positioned between the platens 106, 108. The rollers 110, 112 are configured to drive a sheet of the paper 22 over, consecutively, an inner surface of the lower platen 108 and an outer surface of the upper platen 106. Thus, the paper 22 passes over the upper roller 110, while the lower roller 112 is positioned between upwardly and downwardly moving portions of the paper 22. A brush 114 is pivotally mounted at 116 to the housing 100. The brush 114 has an arcuate transverse profile that corresponds with the upper primary roller 110. The brush 114 is positioned in the housing 100 so that the paper 22 can pass between the brush 114 and the housing 100. A pinch roller 118 is positioned downstream of the brush 114 to bear against the upper primary roller 110. Thus, when the paper 22 is displaced from between the brush 114 and the upper primary roller 110, the pinch roller 118 retains the paper 22 against lateral movement. The upper platen 106 defines an upper printing zone 120 and a lower cutting zone 122. A gap 124 is defined between the upper and lower printing zones 120, 122. A plurality of spiked wheels 126 is partially received through the gap 124 to engage the paper 22 and the lower primary roller 112. A crossbar 128 is operatively positioned with respect to the spiked wheels 126 to retain the spiked wheels 126 in position. The spiked wheels 126 and the pinch roller 118 are configured so that a suitable tension is set up in the paper 22 when the paper 22 passes over the printing zone 120 of the upper platen 106. The chassis 60 and channel 62 are positioned above the printing zone 120 of the upper platen 106. The chassis 60 and the channel 62 are connected to a displacement mechanism 129 so that the chassis 60 and channel 62 can be displaced from the printing zone 120 when necessary. In particular, the chassis 60 and channel 62 are displaceable between an operative position in which the printhead modules 46 are a distance from the printing zone 120 that is suitable for printing and an inoperative position in which the paper 22 can be released from the printing zone 120. The chassis 60 and channel 62 are connected to the pinch roller 118 with suitable metalwork 130. Further, the chassis 60 and channel 62 are connected to the crossbar 128. It follows that, when the displacement mechanism 129 is operated, the pinch roller 118 and the spiked wheels 126 are displaced from the upper platen 106 together with the chassis 60 and the channel 62. The displacement mechanism 129 includes a camshaft 132 and a pusher 134. The pusher 134 is connected to the chassis 60 and the channel 62 so that, upon rotation of the camshaft 132, the chassis 60 and channel 62 are displaced towards and away from the printing zone of the upper platen 106. Upper idler rollers 136 are rotatably mounted above the upper platen 106 so that the paper 22 is received between the upper platen 106 and the upper idler rollers 136. A lower, sprung idler roller 138 is mounted on the lower platen 108 to be partially received through a gap 140 defined in the lower platen 108. The sprung idler roller 138 is configured and positioned to bear against the lower primary roller 112. Thus, an upwardly moving portion of the paper 22 is gripped, and passes between, the lower primary roller 112 and the sprung idler roller 138. The print assembly 14 includes a cutting mechanism 142 that is mounted in the housing 100 above the cutting zone 122 of the upper platen 106. The cutting mechanism includes a cutter 146 that traverses the paper 22 to cut the paper 22. The cutting mechanism 142 includes an optical sensor 144 so that the cutter 146 can be stopped when it reaches an end of a cutting stroke. The cutting zone 122 defines a cutting formation 148 that cooperates with the cutter 146 to facilitate cutting of the paper 22. As can be seen in FIG. 6, the print assembly 14 includes an air impeller 150 and a motor 152 to drive the air impeller 150. The air impeller 150 serves to generate an air current within the housing 100 for cooling purposes. An air filter 153 is also positioned in the housing 100 to filter the air passing through the housing 100. The air impeller 150 also serves to generate the air current to a sufficient extent to minimize the build up of dust on the printhead modules 46. As can further be seen in FIG. 6, the primary rollers 110, 112 are connected to a gearbox 154 that is mounted on a bracket 156. The gearbox 154 and bracket 156 are positioned on one of the legs 18 and covered with one of the end moldings 34. Thus, the primary rollers 110, 112 serve to drive the paper 22 through the print assembly 14. A printhead bracket 157 is positioned in the housing 100 and extends between the legs 18. The printhead bracket 157 provides a support structure for the chassis 60 and channel 62. The printhead bracket 157 also provides a support structure for the upper idler rollers 136. The housing 100 is shaped to define an opening 158 for passage of the paper 22 into and out of the print assembly 14. Feed rollers 162 are rotatably mounted on a tie bar 160 that extends between the legs 18. The feed rollers 162 are positioned so that the paper 22 passes over the feed rollers 162 when the paper is fed into the print assembly 14. The tie bar 160 also serves a structural purpose in that it provides structural rigidity to the printer 10. Discharge rollers 164 are rotatably mounted on the upper platen 106. The discharge rollers 164 are positioned so that the paper 22 passes over the discharge rollers 164 when the paper 22 is fed from the print assembly 14. Both the media roll 166 and the take up spool 24 are driven with a media roll drive motor 168 and a take up spool drive motor 170, respectively (FIG. 5). The printer 10 includes a power supply unit 172 that is positioned in the electronics enclosure 26. The power supply unit 172 is configured to be powered by either a 110V or 220V power supply. Further, the power supply unit 172 is configured so that up to 90 Amps can be drawn from the power supply unit 172. The power supply unit 172 is connected with power cables 173 to various components of the printer 10, such as the various drive motors to supply the components with required operational energy. The printer 10 includes an ATX motherboard 174 that is also positioned in the electronics enclosure 26. A printhead interface card 176 is mounted on the motherboard 174. The printhead interface card 176 is connected to the nine PCB's 42 with suitable data cables 178. Thus, conventional print data supplied to the interface card 176 from the motherboard 174 can be converted into a suitable form for reading by the various PCB's 42. The printer 10 includes a hard drive unit 180. Conveniently, the hard drive unit 180 can have a capacity of 40 Gigabytes. This facilitates the storage of entire images to be printed. The hard drive unit 180 is connected to the motherboard 174 in a conventional fashion. The hard drive unit 180 is a conventional hard drive unit and is therefore capable of storing images in any number of formats, such as the well-known JPEG format. The manner in which the image data is read from the hard drive unit 180 is also conventional. As is set out below, printing of the images is digitally controlled as a result of the printhead technology utilized in this invention. It follows that transferal of image data from the hard drive unit 180 to the PCB's 42, via the printhead interface card 176 can take place without the requirement of significant data transformation, in particular, without the requirement of digital to analogue signal conversion. The interface card 176 is also connected to a motor and LCD controller PCB 182 to control operation of the various drive motors and the TFT LCD. Details of such control are set out in the above referenced applications and are therefore not provided in this description. The motor and LCD controller PCB 182 is connected to a cut off switch 184 that is, in turn, connected to the stop button 38 so that operation of the printer 10 can be halted. As can be seen in FIG. 14, the printhead modules 46 each include a printhead chip 186. The printhead chip 186 can be in the form of any of the printhead chips described in the above referenced applications/patents. Each printhead module 46 includes a carrier 187 in which the printhead chip 186 is positioned. The carrier 187 defines a suitable connection zone for the flexible PCB 58 associated with the printhead chip 186. FIG. 13 shows a schematic diagram of part of a printhead chip 186 that is suitable for use in the printer 10. Each printhead module 46 includes what are known as on chip fiducials 258. The on chip fiducials 258 are essentially in the form of markers to facilitate accurate alignment of the printhead modules 46 in the print assembly 14. The printhead chip 186 is described in detail in the above referenced U.S. Pat. No. 6,416,167 and will therefore not be described in such detail in this specification. Briefly, however, the chip 186 includes a wafer substrate 188. A CMOS drive circuitry layer 190 is positioned on the wafer substrate 188 and is connected to the flexible PCB 58. A plurality of nozzle arrangements 210 is positioned on the CMOS drive circuitry layer 190. For the purposes of convenience, one such nozzle arrangement 210 is shown in FIG. 13. The printhead chip 186 comprises a multiple replication of the nozzle arrangement 210 on the wafer substrate 188. As set out in the above referenced applications and patents, the printhead chip 186 is the product of an integrated circuit fabrication technique. Replication of components in order to achieve a product is a well-known feature of such a fabrication technique. It follows that the printhead chip 186 can readily be understood by a person of ordinary skill in the field of chip fabrication. Each nozzle arrangement 210 includes a thermal bend actuator 192 that is positioned on the CMOS layer 190 to receive an actuating signal from the CMOS layer 190. In particular, the thermal bend actuator 192 includes a support post 194 that is mounted on the CMOS layer 190 to extend from the CMOS layer 190. The thermal bend actuator 192 includes an actuator arm 196 that is fixed to, and extends from, the support post 194. The actuator arm 196 includes a heating layer 198 in the form of an electrical heating circuit of a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion that is such that the material is capable of performing useful work on a MEMS scale as a result of expansion upon heating. The heating layer 198 is positioned on a layer 200 of a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion that is less that that of the heating layer 198 defining the electrical heating circuit. The heating layer 198 is positioned intermediate the layer 200 and the substrate 188 so that the actuator arm 196 is bent away from the substrate 188 when a current is passed through the heating layer 198. Nozzle chamber walls 202 are positioned on the CMOS layer 190. A roof wall 204 is positioned on the nozzle chamber walls 202. The nozzle chamber walls 202 and the roof wall 204 define a nozzle chamber 206. The roof wall 204 defines an ink ejection port 208 from which ink is ejected, in use. A paddle member 212 is mounted on the actuator arm 196 to extend into the nozzle chamber 206. The paddle member 212 is configured and positioned in the nozzle chamber 206 so that, upon displacement of the actuator arm 196, as described above, ink is ejected from the nozzle chamber 206. The actuator arm 196 is connected to the CMOS layer 190 through the support post 194 so that the heating layer 198 can receive an electrical signal from the CMOS layer 190. As can be seen in FIGS. 3 and 9, the printhead chips 186 are each positioned at an angle with respect to a straight line running the length of the printing zone 120. This facilitates a measure of overlap at adjacent ends of the printhead chips 186 to ensure printing continuity. It is clear from the above referenced United States applications and patents that a pagewidth printhead including printhead chips as described above can incorporate up to 84000 nozzle arrangements. It follows that, by using the printhead chips 186, it is possible for the print assembly 14 to have over as many as 200000 nozzle arrangements. It follows that over 200000 dots can be printed on the paper 22 in the printing zone 120. In one particular example, the seventy-two printhead chips 186 provide a print width of 57.6 inches with 552960 nozzle arrangements 210. The nozzle arrangements 210 of each chip 186 are positioned side-by-side in two rows in a staggered fashion. It follows that true 1600 dpi printing can be achieved with the printhead chips 186. Each printhead chip 186 therefore includes 7680 nozzle arrangements 210. Each nozzle arrangement 210 is independently controlled by the PCB 42 to eject a 1-picolitre drop on demand. The integrated circuit fabrication technology used is based on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) technology that is fully described in the above referenced applications and patents. As a result of the manufacturing techniques used, each nozzle arrangement 210 can be as little as 32 microns wide. This allows each printhead chip 186 to have a surface area as little as 21 mm2. The characteristics of each nozzle arrangement 210 are such that it is capable of being driven at a cyclical rate of up to 80 kHz by its associated PEC 48. This permits printing of up to 21.6 billion drops per second that provides thirty-five thousand square feet per hour at 1600 dpi. Each printhead chip 186 is connected to its associated PCB 42 with the flexible PCB 58. It follows that each flexible PCB 58 is connected to the CMOS layer 190 of its associated printhead chip 186. Each PEC 48 is a page rendering engine application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) that receives input data relating to compressed page images from the printhead interface 176. The PEC 48 produces decompressed page images at up to six channels of bi-level dot data as output. It will be appreciated that each PEC 48 communicates with eight printhead chips 186 in this example. Each PEC 48 is capable, however, of communication with up to sixteen such printhead chips 186. In particular, each PEC 48 can address up to sixteen printhead chips in up to six color channels at 15000 lines/sec. It follows that each PEC 48 allows for a 12.8-inch printhead width for full bleed printing of A3, A4 and letter pages. Each PEC 48 is color space agnostic. This means that the PEC 48 can accept print data in any color. While each PEC 48 can accept contone data as CMYX or RGBX where X is an optional fourth channel, it can also accept contone data in any print color space. Additionally, each PEC 48 is configured to define a mechanism for arbitrary mapping of input channels to output channels. The PEC 48 is also configured for combining dots for ink optimization and the generation of channels based on any number of other channels. In this example, data input is typically based on CMYK for contone printing, K for a bi-level input, fixative, and optional further ink channels. The PEC 48 is also configured to generate a fixative channel for fast printing applications. Each PEC 48 is configured to be resolution agnostic. This means that each PEC 48 simply provides a mapping between input resolutions and output resolutions by means of various scale factors. In this example, the expected output resolution is 1600 dpi. However, the PEC 48 does not store any data to this effect. Each PEC 48 is also configured to be page-length agnostic. Each PEC 48 operates a printing band at a time and a page can have any number of bands. It follows that a “page” can have any reasonable length. Each PEC 48 defines an interface so that it can be synchronized with other PEC's 48, as is the requirement with this invention. This allows a simple two-PEC solution for simultaneous A3/A4/Letter duplex printing. This also allows each PEC 48 to be responsible for the printing of only a portion of a page. It will be appreciated that combining synchronization functionality with partial page rendering allows multiple PEC's to be readily combined for alternative printing requirements including simultaneous duplex printing, wide format printing, commercial printing, specialist high contone resolution printing, and printing applications where more than six ink channels are required. The following table sets out the features of each PEC 48 and its associated benefits. TABLE 1 Features and Benefits of PEC Feature Benefits Optimized print architecture in 30 ppm full page photographic quality color printing from a hardware desktop PC 0.18micron CMOS High speed (>3 million transistors) Low cost High functionality 1.8 billion dots per second Extremely fast page generation 15,000 lines per second at 1600 dpi 1.1 A4/Letter pages per PEC chip per second 1 chip drives up to 122,880 nozzles Low cost page-width printers 1 chip drives up to 6 color planes 99% of printers can use 1 chip per page Sophisticated internal memory Only requires 1 external memory, leading to low cost buffering and caching systems JPEG expansion low bandwidth from PC low memory requirements in printer Lossless bitplane expansion high resolution text and line art with low bandwidth from PC (e.g. over USB) Netpage tag expansion Generates interactive paper Stochastic dispersed dot dither Optically smooth image quality No moire effects Hardware compositor for 6 image Pages composited in real-time planes Dead nozzle compensation Extends printhead life and yield Reduces printhead cost Color space agnostic Compatible with all inksets and image sources including RGB, CMYK, spot, CIE L*a*b*, hexachrome, YCrCbK, sRGB and other Color space conversion Higher quality/lower bandwidth Computer interface agnostic Works with USB1, USB2, IEEE1394 (Firewire), ethernet, IEEE1284 (Centronics) Variable page length Print any page length (up to 64 km) Cascadable in resolution Printers of any resolution Cascadable in color depth Special color sets e.g. hexachrome can be used Cascadable in image size Printers of any width Cascadable in pages Printers can print both sides simultaneously Cascadable in speed Very high speed printers can be built Fixative channel data generation Extremely fast ink drying without wasteage Built-in security Revenue models are protected Undercolor removal on dot-by-dot Reduced ink useage basis Does not require fonts for high No font substitution or missing fonts speed operation Flexible printhead configuration Many configurations of printheads are supported by one chip type Drives Memjet ™ printheads No print driver chips required, results in lower cost directly Determines dot accurate ink usaege Removes need for physical ink monitoring system in ink cartridges In FIG. 10, there is shown a block diagram of the PEC 48. The PEC 48 includes a micro controller interface in the form of a high-speed interface 214 through which an external micro controller 216 can write to the 64 Mbit DRAM chip 50. The high-speed interface 214 forms part of a data input means of the PEC 48. The PEC 48 also includes a control circuitry interface in the form of a low speed serial interface 220 through which the micro controller 216 can access registers of the PEC 48 and the DRAM chip 50. The PEC 48 also includes page expansion circuitry in the form of a page expansion unit (PEU) 222 that receives data relating to compressed pages and renders it into data relating to bi-level dots. Line loader and line formatter circuitry in the form of a line loader/formatter unit 224 is also provided that formats dots for a given print line destined for a printhead interface 226 that communicates directly with the printhead chips 186 of each printhead module 46. As can be seen, the PEC 48 performs three basic tasks. These are: a) Accepting register and DRAM access commands via the low speed interface 220 (or from the external DRAM chip 50). b) Accepting DRAM write accesses (typically compressed page bands and register command blocks) via the high speed interface 214. c) Rendering page bands from the external DRAM chip 50 to the printhead chips 186. These tasks are independent. However, they do share the external DRAM chip 50. It follows that arbitration is required. The PEC 48 is configured so that DRAM accesses required for rendering page bands always have the highest priority. The PEC 48 includes control circuitry in the form of a PEC controller 228 that provides external clients with the means to read and write PEC registers, and read and write DRAM in single 32 bit data chunks. The DRAM chip 50 is connected to memory storage control circuitry in the form of an SDRAM controller 234. In turn, the SDRAM controller 234 is connected to memory storage control circuitry in the form of a DRAM interface unit 236. The PEC 48 includes a data bus 230 and a low speed serial bus 232. Both the SDRAM controller 234 and the DRAM interface unit 236 are connected to the low speed serial bus 232. The PEC controller 228 is connected to the data bus 230. The PEC controller 228 is also connected to the low speed serial bus 232 via the low speed interface 220. The high-speed interface 214, the PEU 222 and the line loader/formatter unit are also connected to the data bus 230. In use, since the PEC 48 prints page bands from DRAM, a given band B is loaded into DRAM via the high-speed interface 214 before printing can begin. Then, while the PEC 48 is rendering band B via the PEU, band B+1 can be loaded to DRAM. While band B+1 is being expanded and printed, band B+2 can be loaded, and so on. In the following table, the various components of the PEC 48 mentioned above are described briefly. TABLE 2 Units within PEC (high level) unit reference acronym unit name numeral description DIU DRAM interface unit 236 Provides the interface for DRAM read and write access for the various PEC units. The DIU provides arbitration between competing units and passes on DRAM requests to the SCU. HSI High speed interface 214 Provides external clients (such as the microcontroller) with the means to write to DRAM. LLFU Line loader formatter 224 Reads the expanded page image from line unit store, formatting the data appropriately for the Memjet printhead. LSI Low speed interface 220 Provides external clients with the means to send commands to the PCU and receive register reads. PCU PEC controller 228 Provides external clients with the means to read and write PEC registers, and read and write DRAM in single 32-bit chunks. PEU Page expansion unit 222 Reads compressed page data and writes out the decompressed form of the same to DRAM. PHI Printhead interface 226 Is responsible for sending dot data to the Memjet printhead segments and for providing line synchronization between multiple PECs. SCU SDRAM controller 234 Provides the DIU with access to the external unit DRAM. An expanded block diagram of the PEU 222 is shown in FIG. 11. In the following table, the various components of the PEU 222 are described briefly. TABLE 3 Units within Page Expansion Unit (high level) unit acronym unit name reference numeral description CDU Contone decoder unit 238 Expands JPEG compressed contone layer and writes decompressed contone to DRAM CLBI Contone line buffer 240 Provides line buffering between CRU interface and HCU CRU Contone reader unit 242 Reads expanded contone image from DRAM DNC Dead nozzle compensator 244 Compensates for dead nozzles by error diffusing dead nozzle data into surrounding dots. DWU Dotline writer unit 246 Writes out the 6 channels of dot data for a given printline to the line store DRAM HCU Halftoner compositor unit 248 Dithers contone layer and composites the bi-level spot 0 and position tag dots. LBD Lossless bilevel decoder 250 Expands compressed bi-level layer. SLBI Spot line buffer interface 252 Provides line buffering between LBD and HCU TE Tag encoder 254 Encodes tag data into line of tag dots. TLBI Tag line buffer interface 256 Provides line buffering between TE and HCU A first stage in page expansion occurs along a pipeline defined by the CDU 238/CRU 242, the LBD 250 and the TE 254. The CDU 238 expands a JPEG-compressed contone (typically CMYK) layer. The LBD 250 expands a compressed bi-level layer (typically K), and the TE 254 encodes data tags for rendering (typically in IR or K ink) at a later stage. The CLBI 240, the SLBI 252 and the TLBI 256 receive output data from this stage. The HCU 248 carries out a second stage. The HCU 248 dithers a contone layer and composites position tags and a bi-level spot0 layer over a resulting bi-level dithered layer. A data stream generated by the HCU 248 is adjusted to create smooth transitions across overlapping segments or printhead chips 186. The HCU 248 is configured so that a number of options exist for the way in which compositing occurs. This stage can produce up to six channels of bi-level data. It should be noted that not all six channels might be present on the printhead chips 186. For example, the printhead chips 186 may be CMY only, with K pushed into the CMY channels and IR ignored. Alternatively, the position tags mentioned above may be printed in K if IR ink is not available or for testing purposes. The DNC 244 carries out a third stage. In this stage, the DNC 244 compensates for dead nozzles in the printhead chips 186 by error diffusing dead nozzle data into surrounding dots. Bi-level, six channel dot-data (typically CMYK-IRF) generated in the above stages is buffered and written out to a set of line buffers stored in the off-chip DRAM via the DWU 246. In a final stage, the dot-data is loaded back from the DRAM, formatted for the printhead, and passed to the printhead interface 226 via a dot FIFO (not shown). The dot FIFO accepts data from the line loader/formatter unit 224 at pclk rate, while the printhead interface 226 removes data from the FIFO and sends it to the printhead chips 186 at a rate of either pclk/4, pclk/2 or pclk. FIG. 12 simply shows the PEC 48 incorporating the exploded PEU 222. The printing benefits associated with the printhead chips 186 are set out in detail in the above referenced applications and patents. However, some benefits are particularly important when applied to wide printing formats. A particular benefit is the high number of nozzle arrangements 210 per printhead chip 186. This facilitates extremely rapid printing in that a single print cycle can achieve an image band. It follow that it is not necessary for further print cycles to be used to fill in “missing” dots as is the case with a scanning printhead. The PEC's 48 provide the necessary synchronized control of the printhead chips 186 as described above. Furthermore, as is clear from a number of the above referenced applications and patents, for example U.S. Pat. No. 6,362,868, the printhead chips 186 allow for the conversion from analogue printing processes to fully digital processes. This allows for a substantial amount of flexibility and speed. Digital control of the printhead chips 186 is by means of the PEC's 48. The fact that the PEC's 48 digitally control the printhead chips 186 allows for the high printing speed of up to 21.6 billion drops per second. In particular, the need for separate printhead chip drivers is removed, which is key to the high printing speed of the chips 186. The incorporation of the CMOS layer 190 serves to integrate CMOS technology with MEMS technology on each printhead chip 186. It follows that at least one off-chip connection for each nozzle arrangement 210 is not required. It will be appreciated that such a requirement would make a printhead unreliable and cost-prohibitive to manufacture. A further important advantage associated with the printer 10 is that a width of the printing zone 120 is extremely small when compared to the length. In a particular example, the printing zone 120 can be as little as 0.5 mm thick. It will be appreciated that it is necessary to achieve extremely stable paper movement through the printing zone 120 in order to ensure that accurate printing takes place in the printing zone. The narrow width of the printing zone 120 facilitates minimal control over the paper 22 as it passes through the printing zone. In the event that a substantially wider printing zone were provided, it would be necessary to provide further control over movement of the paper 22 through such a printing zone. This would require such devices as vacuum platens to retain the paper 22 against any form of pivotal or lateral movement as the paper 22 moves through the printing zone. This could greatly increase the cost of the wide format printer. This highlights some reasons why thermal or bubble jet and piezoelectric printheads would not be practical choices when attempting to achieve the printing characteristics of the printer 10. As set out in the above referenced applications and patents, such printheads are not suitable for providing the high density of nozzle arrangements achieved with the printheads of the above referenced matters. It follows that, in attempting to apply thermal and piezoelectric printheads to a wide format printer, it would be necessary to have a relatively wide printing zone so that overlapping of printheads could occur to the necessary extent. This would immediately raise the problem mentioned above. Still further, especially with the thermal printheads, a suitable cooling system would be required to keep the temperature in the printing zone at a reasonable level. This would also increase the cost to an unacceptably high level. In order to achieve an appreciation of the speed of the printer 10 at a resolution of 1600 dpi, the following comparative table is set out below. It should be noted that the purpose of the following table is simply to illustrate the speed of printing and is not intended to denigrate the various printers used for comparison. Wide Format Printers Memjet OEM Printhead 38.4 44.8 51.2 57.6 64.0 70.4 76.8 Print Width (inches) Number of 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 Printhead Chips Number of Nozzles 368,640 430,080 491,520 552,960 614,400 675,840 737,280 Max. print speed 17,578 20,508 23,438 26,367 29,297 32,227 35,156 (sq ft/hr at 1600 × 1600 dpi) Make Model Resolution Speed Speed Advantage (# of times faster) Comparison HP 1000/5000 600 × 600 120 146 171 195 220 224 269 293 HP 3000/3500 600 × 300 72 244 285 326 366 407 448 488 Epson 7000/10000 720 × 720 90 195 226 260 293 326 358 391 Encad Novajet 800 600 × 600 96 183 214 244 275 305 336 366 Gretag Arizona Draft mode 444 40 46 53 59 66 73 79 Gretag Arizona 309 × 618 220 80 93 107 120 133 146 160 Colorspan Mach X11 600 × 600 115 153 178 204 229 255 280 306 Canon BJW 9000 600 × 1200 72 244 285 326 366 407 448 488 Mutoh Albatross 792 × 792 65 270 316 361 406 451 496 541 Roland HiFi Jet 720 × 720 96 183 214 244 275 305 336 366 Nur Fresco 360 × 360 300 59 68 78 88 98 107 117 As is known by those of skill in the fabrication of integrated circuits, while a set up cost for the manufacture of an integrated circuit device can be high, the cost of commercial manufacture of such devices is relatively low. It follows that Applicant envisages that the cost of manufacture of a wide format printer in accordance with this invention will be comparable to the cost of manufacture of the wide format printers listed in the above table. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many obvious modifications and variations may be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
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B
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B41
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B41J
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2
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04
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11768747
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US20080036145A1-20080214
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METHOD FOR PLAYING A GAME
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ACCEPTED
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20080130
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20080214
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[]
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A63F300
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["A63F300"]
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7571911
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20070626
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20090811
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273
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243000
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88219.0
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MENDIRATTA
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VISHU
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[{"inventor_name_last": "Lim", "inventor_name_first": "Clinton", "inventor_city": "Singapore", "inventor_state": "", "inventor_country": "SG"}]
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A game includes a board having a start position and at least two possible finish positions. A number of sequential positions are located between the start position and the possible finish positions. Each player has a playing piece which starts on the start position and a player designating one of the finish positions prior to starting the game. The game finishing when a player's playing piece lands on the designated finish position.
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1. A method of playing a game comprising providing a number of representations of functions of the brain, and acquiring a minimum number of functions in order to win the game. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the representations include functions of the left side and the right side of the brain, and functions from both sides of the brain must be acquired to win the game. 3. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein a function is acquired by purchasing the function. 4. A method according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein a function is acquired by picking up a card relating to the function.
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<SOH> BACKGROUND <EOH>The invention relates to apparatus and methods for playing a game.
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<SOH> SUMMARY <EOH>In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided apparatus for playing a game comprising a board marked substantially as shown in the drawings, and one or more playing pieces, the playing pieces being moved in accordance with directions in the specification. In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a game comprising a board having a start position and at least two possible finish positions and a number of sequential positions located between the start position and the possible finish positions, each player having a playing piece which starts on the start position, a player designating one of the finish positions prior to starting the game, and the game finishing when a player's playing piece lands on the designated finish position. In accordance with a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of playing a game comprising providing a number of representations of functions of the brain, and acquiring a minimum number of functions in order to win the game.
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CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS The present application is a divisional U.S. Utility application Ser. No. 10/502,374, filed Jul. 23, 2004, entitled Apparatus For Playing A Game, which was the National Phase of International Application No. PCT/SG02/00010, filed Jan. 23, 2002. BACKGROUND The invention relates to apparatus and methods for playing a game. SUMMARY In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided apparatus for playing a game comprising a board marked substantially as shown in the drawings, and one or more playing pieces, the playing pieces being moved in accordance with directions in the specification. In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a game comprising a board having a start position and at least two possible finish positions and a number of sequential positions located between the start position and the possible finish positions, each player having a playing piece which starts on the start position, a player designating one of the finish positions prior to starting the game, and the game finishing when a player's playing piece lands on the designated finish position. In accordance with a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of playing a game comprising providing a number of representations of functions of the brain, and acquiring a minimum number of functions in order to win the game. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS An example of apparatus for playing a game in accordance with the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a plan view of a board; FIG. 2 shows a large brain playing piece; FIG. 3 shows a small brain playing piece; FIG. 4 shows a circular brain counter; FIGS. 5a to 5d show examples of procrastination cards; FIGS. 6a to 6c show examples of learning cards; FIGS. 7a to 7f show examples of self-booster cards; and FIGS. 8a to 8c show example of synergy cards. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Certain terms are used throughout the following description and claims to refer to particular system components. This document does not intend to distinguish between components that differ in name but not function. Preferably, the sequential positions comprises a number of purchasable positions, at least one of which must be purchased by a player during the game in order for a player to win the game. Typically, the apparatus may also comprise a set of cards which provide a player with additional instructions. Preferably, a player takes a card when the player's playing piece lands on a corresponding sequential position on the board. Preferably, there may be more than one set of cards, each set of cards being associated with specified sequential positions of the board such that when a player's playing piece lands on a specified sequential position, the player takes a card from the set of cards corresponding to the specified position. Typically, the sequential positions are divided into at least two sections, each section corresponding to a level of the game. Preferably, a player must complete the first level before proceeding to the second level. Typically, the start position is on the first level and the possible finishing positions are on the second level. Typically, the game may be played by two to six players. However, it is possible that it may be played by more than six players. Preferably, a player's playing piece proceeds round the board by moving the number of places shown by a dice (or die) rolled by the player. Typically, the layout of the sequential positions on the board depicts the brain with the first level forming the left side of the brain and the second level forming the right side of the brain. Typically, the possible finish positions correspond to desired destiny chosen by a player. Preferably, the purchasable positions in the first level comprise the main functions of the left brain: logic; words; analysis; listing; sequence; linearity; and numbers. Preferably the purchasable positions in the second level comprise the main functions of the right brain: rhythm; colour; dimension; spatial awareness; daydreaming; imagination; and holistic awareness. In one example of the invention, the game may be implemented using a real physical board and playing piece. However, in another example of the invention, the game may be implemented as an electronic game with the board and playing piece represented on a display device, such as a visual display unit. Where the game also includes cards and money, these may also be electronic and represented on the display device. Preferably, the representations include function of the left side and the right side of the brain, and functions from both sides of the brain must be acquired to win the game. Typically, a function may be acquired by purchasing the function or by picking up a card relating to the function. FIG. 1 shows a board 10. The board includes a left brain section 11 and a right brain section 12 which each include sequential positions along which a playing piece 21 (see FIG. 3) can be moved. In addition, the board 10 has positions 13, 14, 15, 16 marked. On each portion 13-16, set of cards 23, 24, 25, 26 may be placed containing additional instructions for players playing the game. A set of procrastination cards 23 are placed on the portion 13, a set of self-booster cards 24 are placed on the portion 14, a set of learning cards 25 are placed on the portion 15 and a set of synergy cards 26 are placed on the portion 16. Examples of procrastination cards 23 are shown in FIGS. 5a to 5d, examples of learning cards 25 are shown in FIGS. 6a to 6c, examples of self-booster cards 24 are shown in FIGS. 7a to 7f and examples of synergy cards 26 are shown in FIGS. 8a to 8c. In order to play the game, each player is provided with a large brain playing piece 20 (see FIG. 2) and a small brain playing piece 21 (see FIG. 3) and a number of circular brain counters 22 (see FIG. 4). Each of the playing pieces 20, 21 and the counter 22 are of the same colour for each player and each player's colour is different from that of the other players. In addition, each player is provided with $500,000 of play money. The game is played using the board 10, the playing pieces 20, 21, the circular counters 22 and the sets of cards 13, 14, 15, 16 in accordance with the rules set out below. Rules 1. Any number, from 2-6 players can play 2. A “banker” is appointed. A player may double-up as a “banker”. 3. Each player starts with a capital of $500,000 of play money from the banker. 4. The game commences with each player deciding which ambition (or goal in life) they wish from the ambitions 31 on the right brain section 12—doctor, engineer, author, school principal, entertainer, scientist, lawyer, entrepreneur or to achieve financial freedom. Left Brain 5. Each player chooses two brains 20, 21 of the same colour. The smaller brain is placed at “start” 30 on the left brain 11 and the other larger brain 20 at the site of the chosen ambition 31 on the right brain 12. 6. The challenge is to quickly get out of the “left brain” 11 so that you can advance to play on the “right brain” 12. To do this you must: i) purchase the “right brain” site 32 plus any 4 different 7 “left brain” activities 33; or ii) acquire any 5 different 7 “left brain” activities 33 plus paying $75,000 to the banker. 7. A circular brain counter 22 of the player's colour is placed on each site 32, 33 purchased by a player. 8. A player may purchase as many “right brain” sites 32 as they wish for $100,000 per site, provided that the player stops on it each time and by paying this amount to the banker. If a player does not have sufficient funds, the player may borrow from the banker at an interest rate of 10% per annum, payable upfront (banker issues $90,000 for a $100,000 loan). Debts must be settled in full, before a player can be declared the winner. 9. A player is permitted to sell a “right brain” site 32 (if the player has purchased more than one), to any other player on a “willing-buyer-willing-seller” basis. The maximum amount a player is allowed to charge for it is $200,000. 10. A player may purchase more left brain activity sites 33 than the player requires (at $25,000 each) and then sell the additional sites to another player at a profit not exceeding 100% per site. 11. On stopping at “LEARNING” 35 or “PROCRASTINATION” 36, a player is required to take the appropriate card 25, 23 and follow its instruction before proceeding to collect the reward. Fines are to be paid in cash. Right Brain 12. A player is permitted to play on the “right brain” 12 provided the player has fulfilled condition 6(i) or 6(ii). When 6(i) or 6(ii) are fulfilled, the small brain playing piece 21 is moved to the “Advance to Right Brain” 34. 13. On stopping at “SELF-BOOSTER” 37 or “SYNERGY” 38, a player is required to take the appropriate card 24, 26 and follow its instructions, before collecting the reward. 14. A player may purchase one or more right brain activity sites 39, and may purchase more sites than the player. Each site 39 is $30,000 each. Excess sites 39 may be sold to another player at a profit not exceeding 100% per site. 15. A circular brain counter 22 of the player's colour is placed on each site 39 purchased by that player. Declaration of Winner 16. There are three possible ways in which a player may be declared the winner: i) A player is playing on the right brain and has acquired all seven activities 39: rhythm colour spatial awareness dimension imagination daydreaming holistic awareness; or ii) A player stops on the site 31 of his chosen ambition; or iii) A player is playing on the right brain and at a prior agreed “stop time”, has amassed the most amount of assets and money. Although, as described above the game uses a real physical board 10, playing pieces 20, 21, 22, sets of cards 23, 24, 25, 26 and play money, it is possible is that the game could be implemented electronically, for example, using a computer and software. In this case, the board, playing pieces, sets of cards, and play money may be represented on a display coupled to the computer, and the game played by entering appropriate instructions into the computer. For example, the playing pieces may be moved across the board using a mouse or key board.
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A
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A63
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A63F
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3
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00
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11899216
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US20080004738A1-20080103
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Systems and method providing for remote system design
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ACCEPTED
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20071218
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20080103
|
[]
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G06F1900
|
["G06F1900"]
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7428441
|
20070905
|
20080923
|
700
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097000
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63121.0
|
VON BUHR
|
MARIA
|
[{"inventor_name_last": "Walters", "inventor_name_first": "Eric", "inventor_city": "Modesto", "inventor_state": "CA", "inventor_country": "US"}]
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A two-way communication and data transfer system allows a field technician and a designer to work together to create a retrofit design for a flow system, make a cost estimate for the retrofit, and gather an approval from a customer all in a single visit to the customer site. The field technician can utilize a remote unit including a digital camera, data entry device, and communication device, which allows the technician to transfer images and dimension information about the existing system to a base unit. A designer can take this information from the base unit and generate a virtual design for a new system, allowing a virtual view and cost estimate to be generated for display to the customer. The technician and the designer can communicate during the process to improve the accuracy of the design and estimate.
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1. A method of retrofitting elements of an existing circulation system for a pool in order to improve fluid flow comprising the steps of: obtaining a plurality of measurements at a pool site in order to characterize the existing circulation system; inputting the measurements into a data entry device; using the data entry device, transmitting the measurements to a technician at a remote design location; at the remote design location, creating a virtual design for the retrofit based on the measurements, said virtual design including new fittings and piping configured to improve fluid flow through the circulation system; and transmitting information related to the virtual design back to the pool site. 2. A method as recited in claim 1, further including the steps of: at the remote design location, generating pricing information sufficient to generate a cost estimate for the retrofit; and transmitting the pricing information to the pool site. 3. A method as recited in claim 1, further including the step of transmitting an image of the virtual design from the remote design location to the pool site for approval. 4. A method as recited in claim 1, further including the steps of: building a retrofit kit based on the virtual design including the new fittings and pipings; delivering the retrofit kit to the pool site; and installing the retrofit kit into the circulation system at the pool site. 5. A method as recited in claim 1, further including the step at the pool site of generating an image of the circulation system and transmitting said image to the remote design location for use in creating the virtual design. 6. A method as recited in claim 1, further including the step of establishing a verbal communication link between the remote technician and an installer at the pool site to facilitate transfer of additional information about the pool to the remote technician. 7. A method of retrofitting elements of an existing circulation system for a pool in order to improve fluid flow comprising the steps of: obtaining a plurality of measurements at a pool site in order to characterize the existing circulation system; obtaining an image of the existing fittings; transmitting the image and the measurements to a technician at a remote design location; at the remote design location, creating a virtual design for the retrofit based on the image and the measurements, said virtual design including new fittings and piping configured to improve fluid flow through the circulation system; transmitting information related to the virtual design back to the pool site. 8. A method as recited in claim 7, further including the steps of: at the remote design location, generating pricing information sufficient to generate a cost estimate for the retrofit; and transmitting the pricing information to the pool site. 9. A method as recited in claim 7, further including the step of transmitting an image of the virtual design from the remote design location to the pool site for approval. 10. A method as recited in claim 7, further including the steps of: building a retrofit kit based on the virtual design including the new fittings and pipings; delivering the retrofit kit to the pool site; and installing the retrofit kit into the circulation system at the pool site. 11. A method as recited in claim 7, further including the step of establishing a verbal communication link between the remote technician and an installer at the pool site to facilitate transfer of additional information about the pool to the remote technician. 12. A method as recited in claim 7, further including the step of inputting the measurements obtained at the pool site into a data entry device and using the data entry device to transmit the measurements to the remote design location. 13. A method of retrofitting elements of an existing circulation system for a pool in order to improve fluid flow comprising the steps of: obtaining a plurality of measurements at a pool site in order to characterize the existing circulation system; transmitting the measurements to a design technician at a remote design location; establishing a communication link between the field technician and the design technician allowing additional parameters related to the pool site to be discussed; at the remote design location, creating a virtual design for the retrofit based on the measurements and the additional parameters, said virtual design including new fittings and piping configured to improve fluid flow through the circulation system; transmitting information related to the virtual design back to the pool site. 14. A method as recited in claim 13, further including the steps of: at the remote design location, generating pricing information sufficient to generate a cost estimate for the retrofit; and transmitting the pricing information to the pool site. 15. A method as recited in claim 13, further including the step of transmitting an image of the virtual design from the remote design location to the pool site for approval. 16. A method as recited in claim 13, further including the steps of: building a retrofit kit based on the virtual design including the new fittings and pipings; delivering the retrofit kit to the pool site; and installing the retrofit kit into the circulation system at the pool site. 17. A method as recited in claim 13, further including the step at the pool site of generating an image of the circulation system and transmitting said image to the remote design location for use in creating the virtual design. 18. A method as recited in claim 13, further including the step of inputting the measurements obtained at the pool site into a data entry device and using the data entry device to transmit the measurements to the remote design location.
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<SOH> BACKGROUND <EOH>In many industries in which a flow of fluid is utilized, it is desirable to maximize flow, or minimize flow resistance, in order to reduce the amount of equipment runtime necessary to push through a given volume of fluid. By reducing the amount of runtime, the amount of wear and tear on the equipment can be reduced, and the cost of running the equipment can be significantly lowered. In industries such as the pool industry, for example, an increase in the throughput of water passed through a filter pump and recirculated through the pool can reduce the necessary runtime of the pump, thereby reducing the cost of gas or electricity necessary to run the pump. A major obstacle to flow in the pool industry is the use of standard piping components, such as 90° elbows, 45° fittings, unions, tees, and crosses, made from materials such as PVC and assembled with materials such as PVC cement, Teflon® tape, or silicone cement. While these basic elements are cheap and readily available at most hardware stores, they can result in sharp turns and other partial barriers that can lead to a significant reduction in flow, compared to a more linear or smooth run, as known in the art for flow of a fluid. A swimming pool can be retrofitted to provide for improved flow. Existing retrofits come with several disadvantages, however. One disadvantage is that the person doing the retrofit generally is limited to standard plumbing components in standard sizes and shapes. As such, only limited improvement can be obtained by redirecting the flow, such as flow from a suction pipe to the main circulation pump. Further, it takes a substantial amount of time to retrofit a plumbing installation. It typically is necessary for a salesman to go to the site and take measurements, then go offsite to determine the necessary piping and associated costs, then return to the client at a later time for approval, a signature, and a deposit. Subsequently, an installer will be sent in to dismantle the existing piping and equipment and install new components. The installer must build the new piping using standard parts, oftentimes using parts not carried on the installer's truck, such that the installer has to make at least one trip to the hardware store during installation. The installation also will require a significant amount of cutting and gluing, such that a standard installation can easily take over eight hours of time. The amount of time not only increases the cost of each retrofit, but lowers the number of pools that can be retrofitted in a given period of time by a single technician.
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<SOH> BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS <EOH>FIG. 1 is a diagram of a communication system that can be used in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows diagrams of (a) an equipment system of the prior art and (b) an equipment system that can be designed using the communication system of FIG. 1 . FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing steps of a process that can be followed in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing steps of a process that can be followed in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing steps of a process that can be followed in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing steps of a process that can be followed in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention. detailed-description description="Detailed Description" end="lead"?
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PRIORITY This continuation application claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/191,089, filed Jul. 27, 2005, which application is incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the design of installations such as systems providing for fluid transport. BACKGROUND In many industries in which a flow of fluid is utilized, it is desirable to maximize flow, or minimize flow resistance, in order to reduce the amount of equipment runtime necessary to push through a given volume of fluid. By reducing the amount of runtime, the amount of wear and tear on the equipment can be reduced, and the cost of running the equipment can be significantly lowered. In industries such as the pool industry, for example, an increase in the throughput of water passed through a filter pump and recirculated through the pool can reduce the necessary runtime of the pump, thereby reducing the cost of gas or electricity necessary to run the pump. A major obstacle to flow in the pool industry is the use of standard piping components, such as 90° elbows, 45° fittings, unions, tees, and crosses, made from materials such as PVC and assembled with materials such as PVC cement, Teflon® tape, or silicone cement. While these basic elements are cheap and readily available at most hardware stores, they can result in sharp turns and other partial barriers that can lead to a significant reduction in flow, compared to a more linear or smooth run, as known in the art for flow of a fluid. A swimming pool can be retrofitted to provide for improved flow. Existing retrofits come with several disadvantages, however. One disadvantage is that the person doing the retrofit generally is limited to standard plumbing components in standard sizes and shapes. As such, only limited improvement can be obtained by redirecting the flow, such as flow from a suction pipe to the main circulation pump. Further, it takes a substantial amount of time to retrofit a plumbing installation. It typically is necessary for a salesman to go to the site and take measurements, then go offsite to determine the necessary piping and associated costs, then return to the client at a later time for approval, a signature, and a deposit. Subsequently, an installer will be sent in to dismantle the existing piping and equipment and install new components. The installer must build the new piping using standard parts, oftentimes using parts not carried on the installer's truck, such that the installer has to make at least one trip to the hardware store during installation. The installation also will require a significant amount of cutting and gluing, such that a standard installation can easily take over eight hours of time. The amount of time not only increases the cost of each retrofit, but lowers the number of pools that can be retrofitted in a given period of time by a single technician. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagram of a communication system that can be used in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows diagrams of (a) an equipment system of the prior art and (b) an equipment system that can be designed using the communication system of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing steps of a process that can be followed in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing steps of a process that can be followed in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing steps of a process that can be followed in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing steps of a process that can be followed in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Systems and methods in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention can overcome various deficiencies in existing approaches to designing and/or retrofitting systems such as systems providing for a flow of fluid. In one embodiment, a technician can collect information from a site that can be transmitted to a base location, where a design for a new system can be created, which can be relayed back to the technician for communication to a customer in a single customer meeting. The technician and persons at the base location can communicate during the design process in order to ensure an accurate design. In another embodiment, a new system can be designed on-site using information gathered by the technician. Once a system is selected and approved by the customer, an equipment kit can be generated that includes everything necessary to retrofit/convert the old system to the newly designed system or to install a new system. This allows an installer to quickly and easily do the work without the need to go offsite during installation for additional parts or to spend time cutting and cementing existing parts. Such approaches can reduce the amount of time the customer has to meet with a technician, allow designs to be generated and approved in a single visit, reduce the amount of travel time, and can allow a kit to be designed such that an installer visiting the site only has to view instructions and install the kit without having to gather parts and/or cut and cement existing parts. FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a communication and data transfer system 100 that can be used in accordance with various embodiments. The use of such a system will be discussed with respect to the retrofit of an existing pool equipment structure, but it should be understood that this is merely exemplary and should not be read as a limitation on the scope of the embodiments discussed herein. In a swimming pool example, a customer can request a quotation for a retrofit of the piping equipment for a backyard swimming pool. A field technician can be dispatched to meet the customer at a given time in the backyard of the customer. Once there, the customer can lead the technician to the pool and the equipment pad 102 containing various pool equipment, typically including a main pump 104 for circulating water through the pool, a filter 108 for catching fine debris or contaminants that may have slipped through a pool skimmer, and a heater 106 for heating the pool water to a desired temperature. The equipment pad also will have various runs of piping 110 connecting the various pieces of equipment and pipes running to and from the pool. The field technician can utilize a remote unit 120 to collect information about the pool equipment 102 to be retrofit. The remote unit can be a single self-contained device, or can include a number of separate devices that can be connected as necessary: If a remote unit contains a cellular phone for voice communications, for example, there may be no need for the cellular phone to be connected to the other components of the remote unit, particularly if the other components include a data transfer device capable of transferring information to a base unit. An exemplary remote unit can include an imaging device 122 allowing the technician to capture various images of the pool and the pool equipment 120. The imaging device can be any appropriate device known for capturing two- or three-dimensional images, such as a digital camera or laser scanner. The remote unit can include a data entry device 126, such as any of the various data entry devices known in the art such as a keyboard, mouse, joystick, stylus, or touch screen, allowing a technician having taken measurements of the pool and pool equipment to enter the information into the remote unit. In another embodiment, a scanner such as a laser scanner or radar device can be used to capture the information and dimension measurements together, such that a separate image capture device and data entry device may not be necessary. A data entry device still can be useful to input customer and other information. The remote unit can include a display device 128, such as a monitor, for allowing the technician to enter and/or view collected information, as well as to display the images and information to the customer. The remote unit can include a wireless device 124, such as a cellular phone and/or cellular modem, allowing the technician to upload the information and images to a base unit. The wireless device also can allow the technician to communicate with persons at the base unit, or a separate communications device such as a cellular phone can be used. If a cellular phone is used to transfer data from a laptop device, for example, then the cellular phone can have a data connection to the laptop. If data is transferred via a cellular modem of the laptop, then the cellular phone does not need to be connected to any other components of the remote unit. The remote unit can include a printer 130 allowing the technician to generate information such as a formal quotation, virtual view of the new equipment, and an analysis of cost savings, that can be given to the customer. The remote unit also can include a payment device 132, such as a credit/debit card reader, allowing the customer to approve the design and place a deposit or payment for the services. As discussed above, these components can take any of a number of configurations, such as a laptop computer with a cellular modem connected to a digital camera and printer. Another alternative utilizes a PDA phone allowing pictures to be taken with the internal camera phone, data to be entered into a spreadsheet on the device, the information to be transmitted by the device to the base unit, and communication with the base unit through a phone connection or another mechanism such as text messaging. In yet another embodiment, design software can be included in the PDA phone such that when the technician enters the information and captures the images, the design can be done internally through software, and the PDA phone can be used to display the proposal and generated information to the customer. The phone connection can have various uses, such as to ask questions of a designer or obtain approval of the design. At the headquarters or other location where the information will be received and the design created, in at least some embodiments, a base unit 140 can be used to receive the information. The base unit can include a communication device 144 capable of receiving information from the remote unit 120. The communication device can be any appropriate device, such as a modem, phone, or wireless device. The communication can not only accept information and mages from the remote unit, but can allow personnel at the base unit to communicate with the field technician. The communication unit can include separate devices, such as a modem for data communication and a phone for interpersonal communication. The base unit also can include a computer graphics program, virtual design studio, or other photo editing device 142 capable of taking the images from the imaging device 122 and either automatically, or manually with input from the personnel, generating a view of the new equipment installed at the actual customer site after the retrofit. The base unit can include a data entry device 146 allowing the personnel to use the photo editor, as well as to enter any additional information for the site and/or design. The base unit can include a display device 148, such as a standard monitor or a projection device allowing personnel to easily see the existing layout during the design process. The base unit also can include a payment device 152 allowing the customer to give verbal approval and account or other information, such as credit card number, whereby the personnel at the base unit can enter the information into the payment device. The base unit can include a parts and design kit 150. This can be an actual kit, made up of fittings and piping, or can be a virtual or computer generated kit, allowing a design to be generated through software. A combination also can be used, wherein a virtual design is made that the personnel attempt to build using the actual pieces, in order to determine if the design will work and/or if additional information is needed. A design kit allows personnel to design a system that will work for the given equipment specifications, whereby the personnel can determine the improvement in flow and necessary equipment costs. The equipment described with respect to FIG. 1 allows a field technician and personnel at a base unit to gather information and design a new flow system all in a single visit to the customer site (although multiple visits could be made as well, such as if the customer did not have time to wait for the design or wanted to discuss the project with a spouse before authorizing). The technician arriving at the location can find an existing equipment pad such as is shown in the prior art diagram of FIG. 2(a). The technician can measure and record dimensions such as the spacing of the return lines 202 exiting the cement pad, the distance to the pump 204, the distance from the outlet of the pump to the inlet of the filter 206, and the distance from the outlet of the filter 206 to the return line 208 in the cement pad. The technician also can measure vertical distances where needed, such as distances relative to the top surface of the cement pad, such that the design can be created accurately in three dimensions. By taking images of the equipment pad and sending them to the base unit, a designer at the base unit can determine whether there might be anything blocking a potential path that would not otherwise have shown up in the measurements, as well as to determine whether any additional measurements or information are needed. The images also allow the virtual design to be placed “in” the image of the equipment pad at the customer location, so customers can see what the equipment will look like in their backyards. For instance, after the virtual design 250 has been completed, as shown in the example of FIG. 2(b), a view of the piping and equipment can be dropped into the image showing the new pump 252 and filter 254 on the cement pad. The image also can show the new piping going between the equipment, as well as to the suction lines 258 and return line 260. Providing the designer with at least one image of the site allows the designer to more easily change the path of the piping. The designer can do away with T-junctions and 90° elbows, which can significantly reduce flow, and replace the existing piping with shaped piping runs that have no sharp turns and that can increase the overall flow of the system. For instance, the piping from the suction lines 202 in the prior art device include two 90° elbows, while the piping from the suction lines 258 in the new design includes a single rounded pipe with a much larger turning radius and no sharp turns, allowing the water to more easily flow to the respective pump. Increasing the flow not only provides the benefit of allowing the pump to run less to circulate the same amount of water, thereby reducing energy costs, but also allows for the use of higher efficiency pumps, which can further reduce energy costs. Pumps such as low head pumps or variable r.p.m. pumps, which can require a greater volume of flow through the circulating system, can reduce operating head pressure and allow for a significant reduction in kilowatt consumption. For example, the wattage of the pump generally can be reduced by a factor of four when the rpm value is reduced by a factor of two, per pump affinity laws. For a pump running at 3450 rpm and drawing ten Amps, a reduction to 1725 rpm will draw only 2.5 Amps. Volume of flow, on the other hand, is only reduced by a factor that is half the reduction factor for rpm, such that the pump in this example will provide 75% of the flow at 1725 rpm, compared to 100% flow at 3450 rpm. If head loss in an existing system can be reduced by 15-20%, such as by utilizing laminar flow piping, the resulting flow can be nearly equal to the full rpm. value, at only about 25% of the kilowatt consumption. FIG. 3 shows steps of an overall process 300 that can be used with use the system of FIG. 1 to generate a design such as that shown in FIG. 2(b). In such a process, a field technician takes a series of images useful for designing a new flow system 302, such as images of the equipment pad, existing equipment, the pool, and the surrounding area of the yard. As discussed above, these images can be any appropriate images, such as digital pictures or images created from at least one set of scan data. The technician also can take a series of measurements relating to the pool and equipment, if the measurements are not obtained by the scanner, and that information can be entered into the remote unit 304 to be sent to the base unit. If a three-dimensional scanner is used, dimension information can be transferred directly to a memory device of the remote unit for later transfer to the base unit. In this case, the data entry device can be used simply to input customer information to be stored in the memory device. In an alternative embodiment, customer data can be entered into a data entry device at the base unit before the technician is dispatched, such that there is no need for the technician to enter customer information and a data entry device may not be necessary. It also should be noted that various steps in this method can be done in any of a number of different orders, and that the listing in the method is not meant to imply a sequential order unless otherwise stated. For example, a technician can make measurements before, during, or after taking images, and can communicate with base unit personnel at any time during the process. Once entered or transferred into the remote unit, the measurement data and images can be transmitted to a base unit for processing 306, such as by uploading the pertinent data to the base unit via a cellular modem of the remote unit. The information can be received by the base unit, such as through another cellular modem, and can be stored in files, databases, or any other techniques known for storing information in an electronic, optical, magnetic, or other appropriate format. Personnel at the base unit can view and/or manipulate the information and images to be used in generating a virtual equipment setup 308. The base unit personnel and the technician can communicate with each other before and/or during the design process to discuss the information and images, as well as to gather any additional information needed to generate an accurate design 310. Once the virtual design is created, a new image can be generated including the proposed design setup, and information can be generated regarding equipment costs and energy savings 312. The new image(s) and information can be sent to the technician for display or other communication to the potential customer 314. The owner can select to authorize the work based on the image and information, all of which can have been generated during a single visit by the technician 316. From the design, a piping and equipment kit can be generated that includes everything (at least from a component standpoint) that a technician will need to retrofit the existing equipment pad. An installer then can install the kit using only basic tools and without the need to locate, cut, or otherwise obtain any additional parts during the installation process 318. In order to better explain such a process, individual steps of an exemplary process will be discussed below in further detail. These explanatory processes are not intended to limit the scope of the overall process, but only to explain the implementation of such a process in accordance with one embodiment. FIG. 4 shows steps of an exemplary process 400 by which a field technician can obtain information for an installation for which a design is to be generated. As discussed above, a field technician can take a series of images of the installation, which can include images of the equipment, the relationship of the equipment to the pool, parts to be retained or replaced, pipes of interest (such as the chase pipe, suction pipe, return pipe, and cleaner pipe), and the surrounding area 402. At least one of these images can be a top-down image of the equipment pad showing the relationship of the equipment and pool lines. Another image can shown the relationship of the pad to the pool. The number and type of images taken can vary by installation, but should be sufficient to show a view of each critical component necessary for the retrofit. The images can be taken with any appropriate imaging device, such as a digital camera or three-dimensional scanning device, which can be internal to the communication device used to send the information to the base unit, such as a cellular PDA phone with a built in camera, or can be separate but connected to, or otherwise in communication with, the communication device. In an alternative embodiment, a cellular phone with a built-in camera can be used to take and transfer images, as well as to provide for voice communication, but can be separate from a data entry device, and/or scanner, and data transfer device used to transfer dimension information. The field technician also can take a series of measurements 404, before, during, or after the capturing of the images. The number of measurements can vary by installation, and can be dependent upon factors such as the number of critical features, number of obstructions, and relative positions of the features and/or obstructions. Critical dimension measurements can include the horizontal and vertical distances between any fittings to which new piping is to be attached, such as the return pipe feed, heater, and/or risers coming out of the cement. Other critical measurements can include the available space on the pad once the old equipment has been removed. An exemplary minimal set of measurements can include the separation in two dimensions of the suction and return lines, as these positions typically are fixed in the cement pad unless the pad also is to be replaced. The measurements to be taken can be known by the technician beforehand, or can be prompted by software on the data entry device. For instance, a series of options of equipment types can be displayed to the technician, such that the technician can select the appropriate type. From that selection, a series of measurements can be requested by the software that guide the technician through the measurement process. If a scanner or radar is used, the software can guide the technician through the scanner placement process such that the necessary measurements can be captured. In order to generate a rough estimate of energy savings of a new installation, a field technician or base unit personnel can simply compare the kilowatt reduction in moving from an existing pump to the new pump. This rough estimate would not take into consideration the effect on flow of the piping improvement, which should easily add at least 10-15% to the savings due to the new pump. The technician can use an ammeter to take an amp reading for the main pump, as the actual value sometimes is different from what is printed on the pump label. In order to provide a more accurate estimate of energy savings, the field technician can gather information about the current flow rate of the pool equipment 406. In one embodiment, the technician can screw a vacuum gauge into a drain port on the existing pump, and can utilize a pressure gauge on top of the filter. The technician then can multiply the reading (in inches of mercury) on the vacuum gauge by 1.13 to obtain the head of the suction piping between the pool and the pump. The resultant value can be added to the reading on the pressure gauge (multiplied by 2.31 to get the reading in feet of head on the pressure side between the pump and the pool), to get a good estimate of the total dynamic head (TDH). For example, if the suction reading is 16″ of mercury (×1.13=18.08′) and the pressure reading is 22.5 psi (×2.31=51.97′) then the TDH of the existing system is approximately 70.05′. If the TDH of the new system is projected to be about 40.00′, then there will be a reduction in head loss of about 30′, which allows the pump to be run for an amount of time each day that is about 40% less than is necessary for the existing system. In order to get a true estimate of energy savings, it would be necessary to know the distance to the pool, the number of fittings, and other information, which cannot always be readily obtained as part of that information is buried underground. The technician can gather any other necessary information, such as distance to the pool or area information, as well as any necessary customer information 408. All this information can be entered via the data entry device, such as by typing the information into a form in a word processing program or spreadsheet, selecting checkboxes or radio buttons in a computer window, or any other ways known for entering data into a data processing or storage device 410. A certain amount of intelligence can be built into the forms to guide the field technician through the measurement collection and entry process. In one embodiment, other than typing in the customer information, all measurement and equipment data can be entered using a single selection action, such as a click of a mouse or stylus. The field technician can submit this information from the remote unit to a base unit located off-site, such as at a headquarters or central office location 410. This submission can be accomplished via any technological approach known for sending information, such as through any of a number of wireless data transfer mechanisms. The information and images can be sent together, or separately. For example, if the images are taken with a camera phone but the data is entered into a laptop, the technician can have the option of uploading the images to the laptop then submitting the images through a wireless modem of the laptop, or can choose to submit the images directly from the camera phone. The technician can contact personnel at the base unit 412, before, during, or after submission of the information. The technician can inform the personnel that the information has been gathered, allowing persons reviewing the information at the base unit to ask questions about the existing installation. These questions can include interpretations of included information or requests for further information. In an alternative embodiment, the information is sent as a message to the base unit. Once the message is received, a person monitoring the base unit can contact the technician after reviewing the information. The timing and number of contacts can vary as necessary. The contacts can be audio, video, text, or any other appropriate ways for communicating between the person at the base unit and the technician. The technician can provide any additional information over the phone, for example, or can enter the additional information via the data entry device of the remote unit and submit the information electronically. FIG. 5 shows steps of an exemplary process 500 by which personnel monitoring the base unit can receive information from a field technician and use this information to design a virtual system for the installation. As discussed above, a communication device of the base unit can receive a series of images of the installation, including images of the equipment, the pool, and the surrounding area, as well as customer and/or measurement information gathered by the technician 502. The information can be received by an operator of the base unit, who then can transfer the information to a designer (such as where a person is doing the design work by hand), or the information can be received directly by the designer. For simplicity of explanation, it will be assumed that the information is received by a designer. The information in one embodiment is imported into a spreadsheet program, which includes a number of formulas, as well as preset electricity costs and other selectable options. The spreadsheet can be tied to a central database that includes parameter values where appropriate, such as material costs, and that can be used to store the information for each job, design, and/or quotation. In another embodiment, the information is imported directly into a customized design program that automatically generates the design and uses information stored in a central database to compute values such as design costs and energy savings. The automatic design generation and cost computations can be done at the base unit or at the remote unit. If done at the remote unit, the design and values can be transmitted to the base unit for approval. Once the information is received from the field technician, and the designer has had an opportunity to review the images and information, the designer can contact the field technician to request further information 504, such as additional dimensions or clarification of existing numbers. The designer also can contact the field technician during the design process, where additional questions may arise. The communication from the designer can come via any appropriate mechanism, such as a cell phone call or text message. The designer can enter the additional information into the base unit 506 in order to ensure that the information is saved for later use. Once the designer has received all (or at least a minimum amount of) the necessary information, the designer can generate a sample equipment pad based on the information and images 508. The designer can determine the appropriate equipment (such as a pump of appropriate size) to be installed and connected in the sample pad. The sample pad can be a three-dimensional design created through a computer graphics program or virtual design studio using computer-generated parts, for example, or can be a physical model created using fittings and piping to create a physical structure. Methods for making virtual models using computer design programs are known in the art and will not be discussed herein in detail. If the design is done by computer, then any appropriate computer assisted drafting program can be used that is capable of generating a three-dimensional design allowing for precise measurements of dimensions to be made. If a physical model is made, fixed fittings and piping and/or variable fittings and piping can be used to create the model. By fixed fittings and piping, it is meant that the designer can have available a large number of fittings and pipe runs of different angles and sizes, such that these pieces can simply be connected appropriately to create the design. By variable fittings and piping, it is meant that the shape and/or size of each component can be altered, such as by bending a flexible run of pipe, in order to arrive at the final design. Using flexible components can be more accurate for the final design, as customized fittings and pipe runs can be made in order to maximize flow and minimize material cost. Using flexible fittings also allows for a more accurate material cost estimate where customized piping is to be used. The entire redesign process can take less than an hour, such as 10-15 minutes for a basic system and 40-60 minutes for a more complex system. Once the design is completed, the designer (or another appropriate person or device) can determine the approximate cost to implement the design 510, using factors such as types and numbers of fittings and amount of material takeoff. A series of pull-down bid templates can be provided to provide for fast and simple quotations. For a physical design, this can include taking actual measurements of the piping runs. For computer assisted designs, the calculations of lengths, widths, etc., can be done automatically through software, such that the total cost can be obtained at the end of the design process or can be updated continually throughout the design. The calculations also can determine the approximate cost savings, such as by factoring in the approximate improvement in flow and the reduction in power usage by a new pump. In order to estimate energy savings, a number of formulas can be used, such as: Kilowatts per hour consumed=Amps×Voltage×10% power loss factor/1000 This result can be used to determine the annual energy consumption by estimating the total number of hours of operation per year. For example, in a pool with a main filter pump and a cleaner/booster pump, the energy consumption for a 9.1 Amp/240V main pump, considering a 10% power loss factor, uses about 1.966 kW/hour. If this pump is run for 8 hours a day at $0.20 per kW/hour, then the annual cost to run the main pump will be about $1,148.04. For a 5.2 Amp/240V booster pump run 3 hours a day, the annual cost is about $245.96, for a total annual energy cost of about $1,394 to run both pumps. For a proposed replacement system, using a single 1.9 Amp/240V main pump, running 8 hours a day, the annual energy cost is about $239.69. By improving the flow through piping, such that this lower power pump can be used, the customer then can expect a projected annual energy savings of about $1,154.30, or about an 83% savings. Once the flow of the system is measured, the increase in flow (as a function of percent) can be used to reduce the amount of necessary run time of the pump to obtain the same throughput. For instance, if the flow is increased by 15% then the pump can run 15% less than is currently necessary. As discussed above, there is no easy way to know the exact underground piping configuration, such that total dynamic head often must be estimated. Certain suppositions about the piping can be used, such as average parameter values for runs of distance, such as average flow over a distance using standard PVC plumbing. In one embodiment, retrofits are estimated to obtain on average a 70% improvement in electrical costs, using both redirected flow and a new pump, with an overall range of about 25%-85% in energy savings. A virtual view of the completed design also can be created 512, such as by adding skins to virtual components and adding the actual images as a background, or by opening at least one of the images in a photo editing program and using piping templates to form a view of the approximate design. The designer also can shoot a physical design against a background such as a green screen (as known in the art) and drop the design onto one of the images. Many other approaches for creating a virtual view in a digital image are known, and ways for implementing each of these will not be discussed herein in detail. A view of the completed design, as well as pricing information and estimated cost savings, can be sent to the field technician 514, such as by using any of the devices discussed above for transmitting info between the base unit and remote unit. FIG. 6 shows steps of an exemplary process 600 by which the field technician can use the information received back from the base unit. As discussed above, a communication device of the remote unit can receive the virtual design, as well as information about the pricing for the project and the projected energy savings 602. This information can be shared with the potential customer during the same visit, as opposed to a subsequent visit as in previous systems. The field technician can have the opportunity to contact the designer or other base unit personnel with questions or comments before presenting the results to the customer 604. The technician can show the design to the customer 606, such as by bringing up the design on a display such as a laptop or PDA screen. Alternatively, the technician can use a projector to project images on a wall or other surface, or can print out a version to show the customer. The technician also can relay the pricing and cost information 608 using similar display devices, and can have the option of printing out forms such as a pricing form, cost savings form, plan layout, estimate, and/or contract. Once the potential customer has a chance to review the information 610, the customer can have the opportunity to request changes or ask additional questions 612, which can be transmitted to the base unit if necessary, with a response transmitted back to the remote unit for the technician to relay to the customer. After reviewing the proposal and asking any questions or making any changes, the customer can have the option of approving the work at a later time, or can choose to authorize the retrofit/design work during the visit by the field technician 614. There are any of a number of ways for the customer to authorize the work, such as by signing a contract and handing the field technician a check, or having the technician call the base unit or type information into the remote unit to provide a credit card number. In another embodiment, the remote device can include, or be connected to, a payment device such as a credit/debit card reader than can allow the customer to pay for the transaction immediately. This can include a deposit or full payment, depending upon factors such as the work being done and any applicable contractor limitations. Once the work is authorized and payment (or at least a deposit) is received, a kit can be created that includes all the necessary parts to retrofit the equipment pad. This kit can include, for example, all the fittings and piping, whether standard or customized, as well as any connecting hardware, a new pump, and any other necessary equipment. Alternative kits can minimally include only any customized piping and/or fittings. The kit can allow the installer to arrive at the location bringing only a standard tool set. The kit can be delivered to the installer, or can be delivered to the customer's address. When the installer arrives, the installer can remove any unnecessary equipment before the retrofit. The kit can come with a set of step by step instructions, and/or a series of diagrams, showing the installer how to install the new equipment and piping. The instructions in one embodiment are generated automatically by the design software. The instructions also can come with a parts list or any other information typically enclosed with a kit to be assembled. The parts of the kit also can be individually labeled for ease of assembly, and can be labeled or configured such that each part can only be installed in the correct orientation. The ability for the installer to simply connect the components can significantly reduce the install time, and therefore the installation cost, as well as reducing the likelihood for errors in the installation process. Further, a simplified installation process allows a less experienced installer to do the retrofit work, such that labor costs can be further reduced. Experienced people instead can be used to monitor the base unit and/or do the design work. Where an installer of an existing system would have to execute tasks such as measuring pipes, cutting pipes of the appropriate length and fitting pipes using existing components, and ensuring proper flow for the given system, an approach in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention allows an installer to simply remove the old equipment and piping, install the new pump, and attach the customized piping simply by screwing or otherwise connecting the new piping to the existing fittings and equipment. The entire process now can take on the order of four hours or less, much of which is involved in removing the existing equipment. Although described with respect to pool systems, there are a number of other industries that can utilize such a two-way communication design process to improve accuracy and reduce the amount of time necessary for the field technician and the customer in order to arrive at a design. While improved flow designs can be used for applications such as irrigation design, water flow, air flow, and power plants, any retrofit that has to design around existing two- or three-dimensional limitations can benefit from such an approach. Even designs of new installations can benefit by such an approach, where images and dimensions of the location for the design can be sent along with other necessary information in order to obtain a design and quote during a single customer visit. As discussed above, much of this functionality can be obtained through software at either the remote unit or base unit. This functionality can be stored in code form on any computer readable medium known or used in the art, such as but not limited to internal memory, external memory, hard disks, optical discs, magnetic discs, CD-ROMS, DVD-ROMS, memory sticks, and memory cards. The functionality also can be in code form in any of a number of signals transmitted to or from the units. The base unit and remote units can include any appropriate device capable of sending, receiving, and processing data. The functionality of the base unit can be contained in the remote unit in some embodiments, such that no communication is necessary unless circumstances dictate otherwise. It should be recognized that a number of variations of the above-identified embodiments will be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the foregoing description. Accordingly, the invention is not to be limited by those specific embodiments and methods of the present invention shown and described herein. Rather, the scope of the invention is to be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.
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G
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G06
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G06F
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19
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00
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11955517
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US20090153341A1-20090618
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Motion activated user interface for mobile communications device
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ACCEPTED
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20090604
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20090618
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[]
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G08B2100
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["G08B2100"]
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8203528
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20071213
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20120619
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345
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156000
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99476.0
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ABDULSELAM
|
ABBAS
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[{"inventor_name_last": "SPALINK", "inventor_name_first": "Karin", "inventor_city": "Durham", "inventor_state": "NC", "inventor_country": "US"}]
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Disclosed is a system for interpreting motion of a mobile communications device as input to the mobile communications device. The system includes a processor for executing the various software components, a display, a microphone, a speaker, storage means for storing one or more motions and associated actions, a motion detecting device, and a sensing and interpretation application. The sensing and interpretation application detects motion of the mobile communications device via the motion detecting device. It then determines the current mode of the mobile communications device and compares the detected motion against a database of motions. Each stored motion is associated with a mode and an action to be performed by the mobile communications device. Upon finding a match between the detected motion and a motion in the storage means, the action associated with the detected motion and the current mode of the mobile communications device is performed.
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1. A method of interpreting motion of a mobile communications device as input to the mobile communications device, the method comprising: detecting a specific type of motion with respect to the mobile communications device; determining a current mode of the mobile communications device; comparing the detected motion against a stored database of motions wherein each stored motion is associated with a mode of the mobile communications device and an action to be performed by the mobile communications device; and upon finding a match, within tolerable limits, between the detected motion and a motion in the stored database of motions, performing the action associated with the detected motion and the current mode of the mobile communications device. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising training the mobile communications device to recognize a specific motion wherein said training comprises: selecting a mode to be associated with a specific motion; selecting an action to be performed within the selected mode; detecting a motion of the mobile communications device wherein the motion is user defined; associating the detected motion with the selected mode and the selected action; and storing the associated detected motion with the selected mode and the selected action in the stored database of motions. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the current mode of the mobile communications device includes one of a phone mode, a picture mode, a music mode, a game mode, camera mode, a contacts mode, a settings mode, and a null mode. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the null mode acts as a superseding mode such that any motions and actions associated within the null mode supersede motions and actions in other modes. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein an action includes one of a command or instruction that can be issued by an application within the mobile communications device, an audible output based on a recorded audio file, an audible output based on a text-to-speech conversion, a visual output, and a mechanical output. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein motion is detected using an accelerometer within the mobile communications device. 7. A computer readable medium storing a computer program product for interpreting motion of a mobile communications device as input to the mobile communications device, the computer readable medium comprising: computer program code for detecting a specific type of motion with respect to the mobile communications device; computer program code for determining a current mode of the mobile communications device; computer program code for comparing the detected motion against a stored database of motions wherein each stored motion is associated with a mode of the mobile communications device and an action to be performed by the mobile communications device, wherein the mode includes one of a phone mode, a picture mode, a music mode, a game mode, camera mode, a contacts mode, a settings mode, and a null mode, and wherein an action includes one of a command or instruction that can be issued by an application within the mobile communications device, an audible output based on a recorded audio file, an audible output based on a text-to-speech conversion, a visual output, and a mechanical output; and upon finding a match, within tolerable limits, between the detected motion and a motion in the stored database of motions, computer program code for performing the action associated with the detected motion and the current mode of the mobile communications device. 8. The computer readable medium of claim 7 further comprising computer program code for training the mobile communications device to recognize a specific motion wherein said computer program code for training comprises: computer program code for selecting a mode to be associated with a specific motion; computer program code for selecting an action to be performed within the selected mode wherein an action includes one of a an audible output based on a recorded audio file, an audible output based on a text-to-speech conversion, a visual output, and a mechanical output; computer program code for detecting a motion of the mobile communications device wherein the motion is user defined; computer program code for associating the detected motion with the selected mode and the selected action; and computer program code for storing the associated detected motion with the selected mode and the selected action in the stored database of motions. 9. The computer readable medium of claim 8 wherein the null mode acts as a superseding mode such that any motions and actions associated within the null mode supersede motions and actions in other modes. 10. The computer readable medium of claim 7 wherein motion is detected using an accelerometer within the mobile communications device. 11. A system for interpreting motion of a mobile communications device as input to the mobile communications device, the system comprising: a processor for executing the various software components of the mobile communications device; a display coupled with the processor; a microphone coupled with the processor for recording audio; a speaker coupled with the processor for outputting audio; storage means coupled with the processor for storing one or more motions and associated actions; a motion detecting device coupled with the processor; and a sensing and interpretation application coupled with the processor for: detecting a specific type of motion with respect to the mobile communications device via the motion detecting device; determining a current mode of the mobile communications device; comparing the detected motion against a database of motions in the storage means wherein each stored motion is associated with a mode of the mobile communications device and an action to be performed by the mobile communications device; and upon finding a match, within tolerable limits, between the detected motion and a motion in the storage means, performing the action associated with the detected motion and the current mode of the mobile communications device. 12. The system of claim 11 wherein the sensing and interpretation application can train the mobile communications device to recognize a specific motion by: selecting a mode to be associated with a specific motion; selecting an action to be performed within the selected mode; detecting a motion of the mobile communications device via the motion detecting device wherein the motion is user defined; associating the detected motion with the selected mode and the selected action; and storing the associated detected motion with the selected mode and the selected action in the storage means. 13. The system of claim 11 further comprising a text-to-speech engine coupled with the processor for converting text strings that can be associated with an action to audible output that can be output by the speaker. 14. The system of claim 11 wherein the mode of the mobile communications device includes one of a phone mode, a picture mode, a music mode, a game mode, camera mode, a contacts mode, a settings mode, and a null mode. 15. The system of claim 14 wherein the null mode acts as a superseding mode such that any motions and actions associated within the null mode supersede motions and actions in other modes. 16. The system of claim 15 wherein an action includes one of a command or instruction that can be issued by an application within the mobile communications device, an audible output based on recorded audio file that can be output by the speaker, an audible output based on a text-to-speech conversion that can be output by the speaker, a visual output that can be displayed by the mobile communications device display, a visual output that can be displayed by other lights visible on the mobile communications device, and a mechanical output. 17. The system of claim 11 wherein motion detecting device is an accelerometer.
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<SOH> SUMMARY <EOH>Disclosed is a method and system for interpreting motion of a mobile communications device as input to the mobile communications device. The system includes a processor for executing the various software components of the mobile communications device, a display coupled with the processor, a microphone coupled with the processor for recording audio, a speaker coupled with the processor for outputting audio, storage means coupled with the processor for storing one or more motions and associated actions, a motion detecting device such as, for instance, an accelerometer coupled with the processor, ad a sensing and interpretation application coupled with the processor. The sensing and interpretation application detects a specific type of motion with respect to the mobile communications device via the motion detecting device. It then determines the current mode of the mobile communications device and compares the detected motion against a database of motions in the storage means. Each stored motion is associated with a mode of the mobile communications device and an action to be performed by the mobile communications device. Upon finding a match, within tolerable limits, between the detected motion and a motion in the storage means, the action associated with the detected motion and the current mode of the mobile communications device is performed. The sensing and interpretation application can also train the mobile communications device to recognize a specific motion. It does this by selecting a mode to be associated with a specific motion and selecting an action to be performed within the selected mode. Next, the sensing and interpretation application detects a user defined motion of the mobile communications device via the motion detecting device. The detected motion is then associated with the selected mode and the selected action and stored away. The system and method can also utilize a text-to-speech engine to convert text strings that can be associated with an action to audible output that can be output by the speaker. The mode of the mobile communications device can include, among others, one of a phone mode, a picture mode, a music mode, a game mode, camera mode, a contacts mode, a settings mode, and a null mode. The null mode acts as a superseding mode such that any motions and actions associated within the null mode supersede motions and actions in other modes.
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SUMMARY Disclosed is a method and system for interpreting motion of a mobile communications device as input to the mobile communications device. The system includes a processor for executing the various software components of the mobile communications device, a display coupled with the processor, a microphone coupled with the processor for recording audio, a speaker coupled with the processor for outputting audio, storage means coupled with the processor for storing one or more motions and associated actions, a motion detecting device such as, for instance, an accelerometer coupled with the processor, ad a sensing and interpretation application coupled with the processor. The sensing and interpretation application detects a specific type of motion with respect to the mobile communications device via the motion detecting device. It then determines the current mode of the mobile communications device and compares the detected motion against a database of motions in the storage means. Each stored motion is associated with a mode of the mobile communications device and an action to be performed by the mobile communications device. Upon finding a match, within tolerable limits, between the detected motion and a motion in the storage means, the action associated with the detected motion and the current mode of the mobile communications device is performed. The sensing and interpretation application can also train the mobile communications device to recognize a specific motion. It does this by selecting a mode to be associated with a specific motion and selecting an action to be performed within the selected mode. Next, the sensing and interpretation application detects a user defined motion of the mobile communications device via the motion detecting device. The detected motion is then associated with the selected mode and the selected action and stored away. The system and method can also utilize a text-to-speech engine to convert text strings that can be associated with an action to audible output that can be output by the speaker. The mode of the mobile communications device can include, among others, one of a phone mode, a picture mode, a music mode, a game mode, camera mode, a contacts mode, a settings mode, and a null mode. The null mode acts as a superseding mode such that any motions and actions associated within the null mode supersede motions and actions in other modes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an illustration of some of the internal components of a mobile communications device. FIG. 2 is a sample screen shot describing aspects of embodiments according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a flow chart or logic diagram describing motion training aspects of embodiments according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a flow chart or logic diagram describing motion editing aspects of embodiments according to the present invention. FIG. 5 is a flow chart or logic diagram describing motion deleting aspects of embodiments according to the present invention. FIG. 6 is a flow chart or logic diagram describing operational aspects of embodiments according to the present invention. FIG. 7 illustrates a flip-type of motion that can be defined and recognized by embodiments according to the present invention. FIG. 8 illustrates a shaking motion that can be defined and recognized by embodiments according to the present invention. FIG. 9 illustrates a spinning motion that can be defined and recognized by embodiments according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION FIG. 1 is an illustration of some of the internal components of a mobile communications device 10. Within the mobile communications device 10 there are included several components that operate to practice the embodiments of the invention. Not all the components that comprise a mobile communications device 10 are illustrated, however. A processor 20 serves to coordinate and control the operations and interactions among the various components. Among the various components, there is shown a motion sensing and interpretation application 30, other mobile communications device applications 40 (e.g., voice recognition, contacts, games, etc.), internal (and/or removable) storage 50, motion sensing devices 60, a text-to-speech engine 70, a microphone 80, and a speaker 90. The motion sensing and interpretation application 30 includes the software and software interfaces for managing sensed motion and the responses thereto. The motion sensing and interpretation application 30 further includes training responses to be associated with specified motions. Other mobile communications device applications 40 generally include the other applications of the mobile communications device that can be influenced by or operated on by the motion sensing and interpretation application 30. For instance, the application that answers the phone can be altered to accept sensed motion as a means for answering and disconnecting a phone call. In another example, an application for displaying pictures can be made to display the next picture of a series (e.g., slideshow) using a shaking motion such as a flick of one's wrist. There are numerous other examples involving other mobile communications device applications 40 that can be integrated to accept motion as a source of input. The internal (and/or removable) storage 50 serves to store data associated with the motion sensing and interpretation application 30 such as, for instance, a library of stored motions that are linked with mobile communications device modes and operations/tasks. The motion sensing devices 60 can include at least one or more accelerometer devices used to detect motion of the mobile communications device. The text-to-speech engine 70 can be included to convert text data to verbal output. Text data can be associated with a sensed motion and converted to speech upon recognition of the motion. The converted speech can then be output via speaker 90. The microphone 80 can be used to record words or phrases that can be associated with sensed motion and output via speaker 90 when the associated motion is sensed and identified. For instance, if the mobile communications device were to be dropped and hit the floor, it could output the word “ouch!” upon or just after impact if the motion sensed was defined and indicative of a dropped mobile communications device. FIG. 2 is a sample screen shot describing aspects of embodiments according to the present invention. In this illustration, the mobile communications device 10 is displaying 95 three of the functions (motion training, editing, and deleting) available to the motion sensing and interpretation application 30. A user can scroll and select from among the list shown 95. FIG. 3 is a flow chart or logic diagram describing motion training aspects of embodiments according to the present invention. One of the functions of the motion sensing and interpretation application 30 is to learn motions and associate them with actions or outputs. This can sometimes be referred to as a training function. Motion training begins 300 when is shown the several modes 305 of the mobile communications device. Modes can include, but are not limited to, phone mode, camera mode (if the mobile communications device has an integrated camera), music mode (if the mobile communications device has an integrated music player, game mode, picture mode, contacts mode, settings mode, and a null mode, etc. The null mode can include more irreverent actions such as “phone drop” or “phone toss”. While the mobile communications device is in a particular mode, sensed motion will have a meaning specific to that mode. This allows for the same sensed motion to be used in different modes. However, if an action is defined for a null mode the action will be performed when the specified motion is detected regardless of the current mode. Thus, actions associated with the null mode should not be associated with any other mode as null mode acts as a superseding mode with respect to detected motion. Examples of motions for the null mode include dropping the mobile communications device and tossing the mobile communications device into the air. Examples of actions associated with dropping the mobile communications device or tossing the mobile communications device in the air include an audible “ouch” or an audible “wheeee” respectively. Once the mobile communications device processes a user's mode selection 310, a list of outputs/actions is generated for that mode 315. Phone mode, for instance, can include outputs/actions such as “answer”, “hang up”, “mute”, “volume up/down”, “call waiting answer”, etc. Other modes will have outputs/actions that apply to their mode. A user will select an output/action 320. The mobile communications device will then prompt the user to create a motion that is to be associated with the mode action/output pairing 325. The mobile communications device then processes the motion supplied by the user in response to the prompt 330. The motion is then associated with the mode action/output pairing 335 and stored in a database of motion definitions 340. The user is prompted whether to train another motion 345. If the response is “no” training ends 350. Otherwise, control is returned to process 305 and the user is shown the list of modes. It is also anticipated that several motions may have pre-defined or canned mode and output/action associations stored in memory. If so, these can be edited by the user if desired according to the procedures set out below. FIG. 4 is a flow chart or logic diagram describing motion editing aspects of embodiments according to the present invention. The user may also edit an existing mode/motion pairing by selecting from a displayed list of modes for the mobile communications device 410. The mobile communications device will process the selection 420 and display a list of outputs/actions for the selected mode 430 obtained from the database of defined motions. The user selects from the list and the mobile communications device will process the selection of the action/output 440 by allowing the user to change 450 the output/action for the selected motion. FIG. 5 is a flow chart or logic diagram describing motion deleting aspects of embodiments according to the present invention. The user may also delete an existing mode/motion pairing by selecting from a displayed list of modes for the mobile communications device 510. The mobile communications device will process the selection 520 and display a list of outputs/actions for the selected mode 530 obtained from the database of defined motions. The user selects from the list and the mobile communications device will process the selection of the action/output by deleting the output/action for the selected motion 540. FIG. 6 is a flow chart or logic diagram describing operational aspects of embodiments according to the present invention. When the motion sensing and interpretation application 30 is active, motion is continuously being sensed 610 and interpreted 620 based on the current mode of the mobile communications device. When motion for a mode is sensed that has a defined output/action stored 340, the mobile communications device will cause the defined output/action to occur 630. Upon completion of the output/action, the motion sensing and interpretation application 30 returns to its vigilant state where it processes subsequent motion searching for matches based on mode and motion. The types of actions and/or outputs that can be associated with detected motion can include, but are not limited to, audible output via the speaker, visual output via the display, mechanical output such as vibration, and launching an application and/or performing a command within an application. Audible output can be based on pre-recorded sounds, words, phrases as well as links to other audio files such as music files. Audible output can also include text-to-speech conversions of text data. Visual output can include, but is not limited to, graphical imagery on the display such as color and design bursts and links to image files that can be displayed. Visual output can also include events not associated with the display such as flashing the lights associated with the keys of the keypad as well as any other lights visible on the mobile communications device that are not associated with the display. To help illustrate the scope of the present invention, several illustrative embodiment examples are presented that indicate some, but not all of, the capabilities of the present invention. FIG. 7 illustrates a flip-type of motion that can be defined and recognized by embodiments according to the present invention. In this example, an mobile communications device is shown in five consecutive states (a)-(e) to indicate a flip-type motion. In state (a) the mobile communications device is shown face forward. In state (b) the mobile communications device is shown rotated (or flipped) 90° such that it is in a profile mode. In state (c) the mobile communications device is shown face down having been rotated another 90°. In state (d) the mobile communications device is shown rotated (or flipped) another 90° such that it is in a second opposite profile mode. Lastly, in state (e) the mobile communications device is shown rotated (or flipped) 90° again such that it is returned to face front. This sequence or progression can be associated with an output/action for one or more modes. Moreover, the motion can be broken down into 90° intervals such that each quarter turn can have its own associated mode/motion definition. FIG. 8 illustrates a shaking motion that can be defined and recognized by embodiments according to the present invention. The arrows between the mobile communications device's in this illustration indicate a back and forth motion between state (a) and state (b). This back and forth motion can be termed “shaking” and can be associated with an output/action for one or more modes. FIG. 9 illustrates a spinning motion that can be defined and recognized by embodiments according to the present invention. In this example, the mobile communications device starts out oriented face front with a standard top/bottom orientation. As it is rotated (spun), the mobile communications device's orientation is continuously changing as it traverses an arc and eventually comes full circle. The speed of the rotation can be varied. The motion sensing and interpretation application 30 can be used for functional and personalization applications. Functional applications include using motion as a user input device to answer the phone, for instance. Personalization applications can include having the phone make quirky sounds or change display characteristics based on sensed motions. For instance, if the user drops his phone it can be made to say “Ouch!” upon or just after impact while the display can be made to show an explosion of some sort. While FIGS. 7-9 have described types of motion that can be defined and used in the embodiments of the present invention, it is important to note that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to just these motions. They are merely exemplary to help describe aspects of the present invention. For instance, motions can be detected and interpreted in two and three dimensions. Moreover, motion such as knocking the mobile communications device against a hard surface can be detected and interpreted similar to knocking one's hand on a door. Thus, there are numerous types of motion that can be detected and interpreted by the embodiments of the present invention and the examples described herein are not intended to be limiting. An example of a game or game mode application could be the game of Roulette. Roulette is a casino game in which a large numbered and colored slotted disk is spun around while a small metal ball bounces around the disk until the disk comes to rest and the ball rests within one of the numbered/colored slots. The object of the game is to guess the number and/or color of the slot in which the ball will come to rest. The mobile communications device can be made to simulate the game by spinning the mobile communications device on a table top. The spinning motion, in this particular mode, will cause a bouncing ball sound and rapid click sound indicative of the sounds made in Roulette. As the spinning begins to ebb, the sounds will do the same. Once the motion stops, the final action/output is to have the mobile communications device randomly select one of the Roulette numbers and its associated color. The selection can be displayed by the mobile communications device using the color as a background for the number. In picture mode, the mobile communications device can use detected motion to perform various functions. For instance, if the user shakes the mobile communications device once it could indicate “display the next picture”. Two shakes could indicate “zoom in”. Flipping the mobile communications device over to its back could indicate “exit picture mode”. Another example of personalization could be a phone toss. The motion associated with an mobile communications device hurtling through the air can be detected and associated with a pre-recorded audio output such as “Wheeeeee”. If the mobile communications device includes a text-to-speech engine, written data can be converted to audible output and associated with a specific motion. For instance, suppose the motion detected is indicative of a sudden or violent change. The mobile communications device can be programmed with a text question such as “Are you alright?” If the mobile communications device further contains a voice recognition (VR) engine and software, it can process the user's response if it is simple enough. If the user responds “No.”, the mobile communications device can interpret and then ask, “Should I dial 9-1-1?” If the user responds, “Yes” the mobile communications device can initiate the emergency phone call. The foregoing are a small sampling of the types of motion and the associated responses thereto that can be implemented for these and other examples under the various embodiments of the present invention. As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, the present invention may be embodied as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects that may all generally be referred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system.” Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product on a computer-usable storage medium having computer-usable program code embodied in the medium. Any suitable computer readable medium may be utilized. The computer-usable or computer-readable medium may be, for example but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or propagation medium. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a transmission media such as those supporting the Internet or an intranet, or a magnetic storage device. Note that the computer-usable or computer-readable medium could even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as the program can be electronically captured, via, for instance, optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted, or otherwise processed in a suitable manner, if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory. In the context of this document, a computer-usable or computer-readable medium may be any medium that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. Computer program code for carrying out operations of the present invention may be written in an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C++ or the like. However, the computer program code for carrying out operations of the present invention may also be written in conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). The present invention is described below with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. Any prompts associated with the present invention may be presented and responded to via a graphical user interface (GUI) presented on the display of the mobile communications device or the like. Prompts may also be audible, vibrating, etc. The flowcharts and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, those of ordinary skill in the art appreciate that any arrangement which is calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown and that the invention has other applications in other environments. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the present invention. The following claims are in no way intended to limit the scope of the invention to the specific embodiments described herein.
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G08
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G08B
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21
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00
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||||
11785880
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US20070187825A1-20070816
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|
ACCEPTED
|
20070801
|
20070816
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[]
|
H01L2348
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["H01L2348"]
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7307351
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20070420
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20071211
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257
|
784000
|
79459.0
|
MANDALA
|
VICTOR
| "[{\"inventor_name_last\": \"Hashimoto\", \"inventor_name_first\": \"Nobuaki\", \"inventor_city\": \(...TRUNCATED)
| "The present invention is a semiconductor device capable of relieving thermal stress without breakin(...TRUNCATED)
| "1. An electronic component, comprising: a semiconductor chip; an electrode disposed on the semicond(...TRUNCATED)
| "<SOH> BACKGROUND ART <EOH>To pursue high density mounting in semiconductor devices, bare chip moun(...TRUNCATED)
| "<SOH> BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS <EOH>FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the semiconductor (...TRUNCATED)
| "This is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 10/331,510 filed Dec. 31, 2002, which is a Continuat(...TRUNCATED)
|
H
|
H01
|
H01L
|
23
|
48
|
|||
11656054
|
US20080176250A1-20080724
|
Method of testing for ATP load in commercial laundry and for data tracking the results
|
ACCEPTED
|
20080709
|
20080724
|
[]
|
G01N3336
|
["G01N3336", "G01N2176", "C12Q166"]
|
7628823
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20070122
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20091208
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008
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137000
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97128.0
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KHAN
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AMINA
| "[{\"inventor_name_last\": \"Banks\", \"inventor_name_first\": \"Allen G.\", \"inventor_city\": \"Fr(...TRUNCATED)
| "A method of testing for sanitization of textiles comprises the steps of cleaning textiles in a wate(...TRUNCATED)
| "1. A method comprising the steps of: cleaning textiles with a water solution whereby the water solu(...TRUNCATED)
| "<SOH> BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION <EOH>1. Technical Field The present invention relates generally t(...TRUNCATED)
| "<SOH> BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION <EOH>The present invention provides a method comprising the st(...TRUNCATED)
| "BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Technical Field The present invention relates generally to the laund(...TRUNCATED)
|
G
|
G01
|
G01N
|
33
|
36
|
|||
11678476
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US20080209242A1-20080828
|
MODEM CARD CONFIGURED TO COMPENSATE FOR POWER SUPPLY
|
ACCEPTED
|
20080814
|
20080828
|
[]
|
G06F132
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["G06F132", "G06F126"]
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7876814
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20070223
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20110125
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375
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222000
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70649.0
|
LUGO
|
DAVID
| "[{\"inventor_name_last\": \"Rodriguez\", \"inventor_name_first\": \"Romeo Hernandez\", \"inventor_c(...TRUNCATED)
| "A modem card includes a connector configured to be detachably connected to a computer. The card als(...TRUNCATED)
| "1. A modem card, comprising: a connector configured to be connected to a computer; electronics conf(...TRUNCATED)
| "<SOH> BACKGROUND <EOH>Modem cards allow a computer to wirelessly communicate with a communications (...TRUNCATED)
| "<SOH> SUMMARY <EOH>A modem card includes a connector configured to be detachably connected to a com(...TRUNCATED)
| "TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to computer peripheral devices and more particularly (...TRUNCATED)
|
G
|
G06
|
G06F
|
1
|
32
|
|||
11889307
|
US20080118835A1-20080522
|
Rechargeable lithium battery
|
ACCEPTED
|
20080509
|
20080522
|
[]
|
H01M440
|
["H01M440", "H01M436", "H01M444", "H01M438"]
|
8808915
|
20070810
|
20140819
|
429
|
231300
|
62258.0
|
WEINER
|
LAURA
| "[{\"inventor_name_last\": \"Hur\", \"inventor_name_first\": \"So-Hyun\", \"inventor_city\": \"Suwon(...TRUNCATED)
| "The rechargeable lithium battery includes a positive electrode which includes a positive active mat(...TRUNCATED)
| "1. A rechargeable lithium battery comprising: a positive electrode comprising a positive active mat(...TRUNCATED)
| "<SOH> BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION <EOH>(a) Field of the Invention The present invention relates to (...TRUNCATED)
| "<SOH> SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION <EOH>One embodiment of the present invention provides an improved re(...TRUNCATED)
| "CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION AND CLAIM OF PRIORITY This application claims priority to an(...TRUNCATED)
|
H
|
H01
|
H01M
|
4
|
40
|
|||
11695065
|
US20080143541A1-20080619
|
CIRCUIT FOR POWER INDICATOR
|
ACCEPTED
|
20080605
|
20080619
|
[]
|
G08B2118
|
["G08B2118"]
|
7567185
|
20070402
|
20090728
|
340
|
815450
|
57220.0
|
LE
|
TUNG
| "[{\"inventor_name_last\": \"ZHANG\", \"inventor_name_first\": \"XIANG\", \"inventor_city\": \"Shenz(...TRUNCATED)
| "A circuit for a power indicator, comprises an indicator (10), a power source (V1), a first MOSFET ((...TRUNCATED)
| "1. A circuit for a power indicator, comprising: an indicator comprising a positive terminal and a n(...TRUNCATED)
| "<SOH> BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION <EOH>1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to c(...TRUNCATED)
| "<SOH> SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION <EOH>A circuit for a power indicator comprises, an indicator, a powe(...TRUNCATED)
| "BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to circuits for(...TRUNCATED)
|
G
|
G08
|
G08B
|
21
|
18
|
|||
11943416
|
US20090024281A1-20090122
|
STEER-BY-WIRE SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOBILES
|
ACCEPTED
|
20090107
|
20090122
|
[]
|
B62D600
|
["B62D600"]
|
7908056
|
20071120
|
20110315
|
701
|
042000
|
73692.0
|
NGUYEN
|
KIM
| "[{\"inventor_name_last\": \"Hwang\", \"inventor_name_first\": \"Sung Wook\", \"inventor_city\": \"A(...TRUNCATED)
| "Disclosed herein is a steer-by-wire system for automobiles. The steer-by-wire system includes a ste(...TRUNCATED)
| "1. A steer-by-wire system for automobiles, comprising: a steering control unit comprising a steerin(...TRUNCATED)
| "<SOH> BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION <EOH>1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates gene(...TRUNCATED)
| "<SOH> SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION <EOH>Accordingly, the present invention has been made keeping in min(...TRUNCATED)
| "CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to Korean Application No. (...TRUNCATED)
|
B
|
B62
|
B62D
|
6
|
00
|
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