launch/gov_report_qs · Datasets at Hugging Face

doc_id stringlengths 10 16	document_sections dict	question_summary_pairs dict
CRS_R44973	{ "title": [ "", "Overview", "Funding Issues", "Authorization Status", "Ongoing Funding Issues", "Infrastructure Issues", "The Northeast Corridor Commission", "NEC Improvement Plans", "Amtrak Gateway Program", "The Northeast Corridor Commission's Capital Investment Plan", "...	{ "question": [ "What purpose does Amtrak serve?", "Why was Amtrak created?", "How is Amtrak supported by the government?", "What is the state of the authorization legislation that Amtrak relies on?", "What is Congress's attitude regarding Amtrak?", "Why is Amtrak criticized?", "What evide...
CRS_R41170	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Overview of the Multilateral Development Banks", "Historical Background", "World Bank", "Regional Development Banks", "Inter-American Development Bank", "African Development Bank", "Asian Development Bank", "European Bank for Reconstruction and...	{ "question": [ "What are the main functions of the MDBs?", "What other functions do the MDBs perform?", "What types of concessional assistance do they provide?", "How does Congress oversee U.S. participation in the MDBs?", "What effect do legislative mandates have on the MDBs?", "What other a...
GAO_GAO-16-84T	{ "title": [ "Weaknesses in CVN 78’s Business Case Manifested by Less Capability at Higher Cost", "Business Case for Follow-On Ship Assumes Ambitious Efficiency Gains", "Ford Class Program Emblematic of Incentives Which Discourage Implementing Sound Acquisition Practices", "Concluding Remarks", "G...	{ "question": [ "How did the Ford-class aircraft carrier's lead ship begin construction?", "How does a sound business case benefit construction?", "How was the business case unrealistic?", "How has the business case since worsened?", "What are the current estimates for the CVN 78's performance?", ...
CRS_R43918	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Overview of CJS", "Department of Commerce", "Department of Justice", "The Science Agencies", "The Office of Science and Technology Policy", "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "The National Science Foundation", "Related Agencie...	{ "question": [ "What are the details of the FY2015 CJS appropriations bill?", "What bill was passed by the House on June 3, 2015?", "What were the effects of this bill?", "What was approved by the Senate?", "Why was the FY2016 CJS appropriations bill offered?", "What was the budget for this b...
GAO_GAO-17-661	{ "title": [ "Background", "Excise Tax on High-cost Employer-sponsored Health Insurance", "Age and Gender Adjustment", "Experts Cited Benefits and Limitations of the FEHBP BCBS Standard Plan Data and Identified Alternative Data Sources, Which Also Have Limitations", "Experts Noted That the BCBS St...	{ "question": [ "What were the provisions of PPACA?", "How would the tax be imposed?", "Why is this adjustment included?", "What is the adjustment designed to do?", "What would this adjustment be based on?", "How might selection bias make the BCBS Standard plan adjustment inadequate?", "Wh...
GAO_GAO-19-233	{ "title": [ "Background", "Marine Corps Organizational Structure", "Marine Corps Unit-Level Training", "Marine Corps Readiness", "Marine Corps O&M Budget", "The Marine Corps Cannot Fully Track All Unit-Level Training Funds for Ground Combat Forces through the Budget Cycle", "The Marine Co...	{ "question": [ "How was it determined that The Marine Corps cannot track all training funds?", "Why can't the Marine Corps track their training funds?", "What fiscal codes could be used to fix this?", "How does the Marine Corps currently use MCPCs?", "How does the Marine Corps currently use SICs?...
GAO_GAO-13-232	{ "title": [ "Background", "HHS Agencies Responded to the CAA by Establishing New Autism Activities and Continuing Others", "HRSA Routinely Collects and Reviews Information to Oversee CAA Grantees", "Agency Comments", "Appendix I: National Institutes of Health’s (NIH) and Centers for Disease Contr...	{ "question": [ "How did the HHS respond to the CAA?", "What were the effects of HRSA's new initiative?", "How does HRSA award its autism grants?", "What other agencies were involved with the CAA?", "How did HHS's Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee help aide in the efforts?", "How were ...
GAO_GAO-17-485	{ "title": [ "Background", "SSI Eligibility, Continuing Disability Reviews, and Redeterminations", "Vocational Rehabilitation", "Schools’ Role in Transition Planning for Youth with Disabilities", "SSA’s Efforts to Encourage Employment Reach Few Transition-Age Youth and SSA Does Not Consistently Co...	{ "question": [ "What is the SSA's primary approach for encouraging employment for transition-age youth with disabilities?", "Why is this approach ineffective?", "How does SSI plan to change their approach?", "What do SSA's incentives allow of its recipients?", "How has the SEIE failed?", "How...
GAO_GAO-17-108	{ "title": [ "Background", "Recent Federal Support for R&D Related to Advanced Biofuels Has Been Through Direct Research and Grants, and the Focus Is Shifting toward Drop- In Fuels", "DOE Funds the Majority of Federal R&D Related to Advanced Biofuels and Has Shifted Its Focus Away from Cellulosic Ethanol"...	{ "question": [ "How has the government supported R&D related to advanced biofuels?", "To what extent has the federal government funded biofuels R&D?", "What portion of this funding was through the DOE?", "What portion of this funding was though the USDA?", "What other agencies provided funding?",...
CRS_RL33865	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "National Security, Arms Control, and Nonproliferation", "The Arms Control Agenda", "Arms Control Between the United States and States of the Former Soviet Union", "The Early Years: SALT I and SALT II", "The Interim Agreement on Offensive Arms", "The St...	{ "question": [ "What tools have been used to implement US national security strategy?", "What do analysts see these tools as?", "What results have these tools produced?", "How did the implementation of arms control agreements change under the Clinton and Bush Administrations?", "How did this chan...
CRS_R41175	{ "title": [ "", "Background on Global Climate Change Negotiations", "What Is the Difference Between a \"Convention,\" a \"Protocol,\" and an \"Accord\"?", "What Makes Some International Agreements \"Legally Binding\" but Not Others?", "How Does the United States Become a Party to an International...	{ "question": [ "What policy opened for signature and was ratified by the US in 1992?", "What does this policy entail?", "What was the Kyoto Protocol intended as?", "How does it act as a first step?", "What is the Protocol's goal?", "What happened to the Protocol in 1998?", "How was this e...
CRS_R42668	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Patent Law Fundamentals", "The \"Patent Trolls\" Controversy", "Enforcement by PAEs", "PAEs vs. Other Non-Practicing Entities", "The Impact on Innovation", "Behind the Rise of PAEs", "Notice Failure", "Section 112 of the Patent Act", "The P...	{ "question": [ "What has Congress recently demonstrated interest in?", "What does the PAE business model focus on?", "What is classified as a PAE?", "What was the proliferation of PAEs a central factor in support of?", "Why does the AIA contain few provisions on PAEs?", "What did the 113th Co...
CRS_R40616	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Federal Communications Commission Activity", "The Information Services Designation and Title I", "The 2005 Internet Policy Statement", "The FCC August 2008 Comcast Decision", "Comcast v. FCC", "The FCC 2010 Open Internet Order", "The 2014 Open Inte...	{ "question": [ "What did the FCC vote for in 2015?", "Why were the adopted rules controversial?", "How did various parties react to the FCC's vote?", "How did courts react to the challenges?", "What did the FCC adopt in 2017?", "What have been the results of this adoption?", "Why do peopl...
GAO_GAO-18-367T	{ "title": [ "Background", "Progress Reported in Some Implementation Areas, but Significant Work Remains", "Over Half of Commuter Railroads May Be at Risk of Not Meeting the 2018 Deadline or Criteria for RSD-based Extension, Though Numerous Factors Create Uncertainty", "Over Half of Commuter Railroads...	{ "question": [ "What is the FRA responsible for?", "What is positive train control?", "How can positive train control be used?", "What has GAO analysis of commuter railroads' PTC scheduled milestones found?", "What evidence is there that commuter railroads have not planned enough time for the sch...
GAO_GAO-13-564	{ "title": [ "Background", "DOD’s Process for Monitoring Flying Hours Provides Information That Could Help It Determine When to Shift Eligible Missions to CRAF Participants", "DOD Exceeded Its Required Military Training Hours for Fiscal Years 2002 through 2010, but Has Reduced the Percentage of Excess Hou...	{ "question": [ "Why did DOD exceed flying hours between FY2002 and FY2010?", "How does DOD's flight time compare to its training needs?", "Why will the need for airlift decline?", "Why may DOD be using its military fleet more than necessary?", "Why has DOD restricted commercial carriers from tran...
GAO_GAO-13-269	{ "title": [ "Background", "The Bureau Revised Rules Governing Data Sources and Procedures for the Challenge Program to Improve Accuracy of Population Estimates", "The Bureau Changed the Challenge Program to Standardize Evidentiary Requirements and Limit the Scope", "Other Changes to Procedures are In...	{ "question": [ "Why has the Census Bureau issued significant changes?", "What did the Bureau do prior to changes?", "What changes has the Bureau made?", "What does the Bureau plan to do?", "Why is the Bureau's 2020 research and testing program lower priority?", "Why are local records importan...
GAO_GAO-19-241	{ "title": [ "Background", "OMB and the Federal CIO Established FDCCI", "IT Acquisition Reform Law Enhanced Data Center Consolidation and Optimization Efforts", "OMB Established DCOI to Address FITARA Data Center Provisions", "OMB Published Proposed Changes to DCOI in November 2018", "Agencies...	{ "question": [ "What did the 24 agencies participating in DCOI report?", "What specifically did each of the agencies report?", "What is the problem with 16 of the agencies' cost savings target?", "Why is there a shortfall from the DCOI savings goal?", "What did the 24 agencies report?", "What...
GAO_GAO-12-694	{ "title": [ "Background", "States Reported $32 Billion in Supplemental Medicaid Payments during Fiscal Year 2010, but the Exact Amount of Supplemental Payments Is Unknown", "States Reported $17.6 Billion in DSH Payments during Fiscal Year 2010", "States Reported $14.4 Billion in Non-DSH Supplemental ...	{ "question": [ "What accounted for the majority of the 17.6 billion DSH payments?", "What accounted for half of DSH payments?", "How did DSH payments vary?", "Why was Medicaid designated a high risk program?", "Why do states make DSH payments?", "Why do states also make non-DSH supplemental p...
GAO_GAO-14-531	{ "title": [ "Background", "Responsibility for Secure Flight Operations", "Overview of Secure Flight Matching and Screening Processes at Implementation", "Passenger Screening at Airport Security Checkpoints", "Secure Flight Initially Identified Passengers on Terrorist Watchlists and Now Also Diffe...	{ "question": [ "How has Secure Flight changed its program?", "Why did TSA begin to use risk-based criteria?", "What other changes has TSA made?", "Why is TSA conducting TSA Pre✓™ risk assessments?", "What has TSA done to implement Secure Flight?", "What is the problem with TSA's implementati...
GAO_GAO-13-239	{ "title": [ "Background", "TSA Collects and Uses Data to Track Canine Program Performance, but Could Better Analyze These Data to Identify Program Trends", "Training Minutes", "Utilization Minutes", "Certification Rates", "Short Notice Assessments", "Final Canine Responses", "TSA Has ...	{ "question": [ "What is TSA doing with regards to NCP?", "How does TSA collect canine team data?", "What is the problem with TSA's collection?", "How could analysis of TSA's data be helpful?", "What has TSA not yet done?", "Why have some airport operators not used PSC teams?", "What is th...
CRS_R42063	{ "title": [ "", "The Relationship Between Growth and Unemployment", "The Unemployment Rate During Postwar Recoveries", "The Outlook for the Unemployment Rate in the Next Few Years" ], "paragraphs": [ "Despite the resumption of economic (output) growth in June 2009, the unemployment rate remai...	{ "question": [ "What factor affects the rate of reduction in the unemployment rate?", "What is potential output?", "What is the growth rate of potential output?", "How are the potential output growth rate and GDP growth rate related?" ], "summary": [ "What appears to matter for a reduction in...
GAO_GAO-12-889T	{ "title": [ "Background", "Obstacles to Safe and Routine Integration of UAS", "Role of the Department of Homeland Security in Domestic UAS Use", "Preliminary Observations on Emerging UAS Issues", "GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgements" ], "paragraphs": [ "Current domestic uses of UAS are...	{ "question": [ "What issues did GAO identify with the UAS's safety protocols?", "How did GAO recommend amending these issues?", "How did FAA respond to these recommendations?", "What is the DHS partnering with JPDO to do?", "What has FAA granted DHS authority on?", "What authority does TSA ha...
GAO_GAO-14-127	{ "title": [ "Background", "Subsidized Premium Rates", "Program History", "Policy Goals Framework", "Stakeholders Identified Several Conditions That Must Exist to Encourage Private Sector Involvement in Flood Insurance", "Private Insurers Must Be Able to Accurately Assess Flood Risk", "Pri...	{ "question": [ "What did stakeholders explain to GAO regarding private sector involvement in flood insurance sales?", "What is the first condition?", "What is the second condition?", "What is the third condition?", "How could Congress create a direct means-based subsidy for some policyholders?", ...
GAO_GAO-12-953	{ "title": [ "Background", "TAA Certification Process", "2009 Changes to the TAA Program", "TAA Funding", "Role of State and Local Workforce Agencies", "TAA Performance and Reporting Requirements", "Related TAA Programs", "Labor Faced Initial Challenges in Implementing the 2009 Legisla...	{ "question": [ "What was Labor challenged to do in 2009?", "Why was this a challenge for Labor?", "How did Labor respond to this challenge?", "What results did Labor's response yield?", "What did GAO find in regards to Labor's petition investigation process?", "According to state officials, h...
CRS_R44242	{ "title": [ "", "Labor Supply", "Effective Marginal Tax Rates for Selected Policy Options", "Responsiveness of Labor Supply to Changes in the Effective Marginal Tax Rate", "Overall Labor Supply Response to Limiting Itemized Deductions", "Capital Stock", "Tax Rates Under Current Law", ...	{ "question": [ "Why is there interest in tax reform that broadens the base and lowers the rate?", "Why might predictions of growth be mistaken?", "Why might growth have been limited?", "What does this report show?", "What effects are addressed in this report?", "What does the analysis examine...
GAO_GAO-18-320	{ "title": [ "Background", "Patenting in the United States", "Patent Infringement Litigation", "Administrative Proceedings for Challenging Patent Validity before the Patent Trial and Appeal Board", "Court Decisions on Eligibility for Review under the CBM Program", "More Than 350 Patents Have B...	{ "question": [ "How were CBM's patents challenged from 2012 through 2017?", "What does the CBM program provide?", "What are business method patents?", "How has the rate of filing petitions changed from 2012 through 2017?", "What has USTPO done to review its decisions?", "What does USTPO lack?...
GAO_GAO-18-474	{ "title": [ "Background", "Complexity of RME Reprocessing", "VHA Roles and Responsibilities for RME Reprocessing", "VHA Policies for RME Reprocessing and Related Oversight", "Reports on Issues Related to RME Reprocessing", "VHA’s Oversight Does Not Provide Reasonable Assurance that VAMCs Are ...	{ "question": [ "What did GAO find regarding the VAMC following RME policies?", "What is reprocessing?", "Why has VHA not ensured that VAMC conducted RME inspections?", "How did VHA justify this inadequacy?", "What issues might this inadequacy cause?", "According to GAO, what challenges do VAM...
GAO_GAO-18-559	{ "title": [ "Background", "A Data Breach Can Have Harmful Results", "Attackers Use a Variety of Tools and Techniques", "Federal Agencies Oversee CRA Activities, Including Protection of Personally Identifiable Information", "FTC Has Enforcement Authority over CRAs", "BCFP Has Enforcement and S...	{ "question": [ "What did Equifax discover concerning the portal security in 2017?", "What was the scope of the breach?", "What were the four major factors of the breach?", "What did Equifax attempt to do after the breach?", "What did the company inform the public after the breach?", "Which th...
CRS_RL31634	{ "title": [ "", "Part I. The Act in General", "Does HIPAA help individuals who are uninsured?", "Are employers required to offer health insurance as a benefit?", "Part II. Health Insurance Reforms", "Portability", "What is creditable coverage?", "What is a preexisting medical conditio...	{ "question": [ "What does HIPAA stand for and what was it responsible for?", "What was the purpose of HIPAA and what did it promise?", "What did the act provide?", "What did the act require on a state-level?", "What types of tax provisions did HIPAA provide?", "What did HIPAA allow small busi...
GAO_GAO-15-624	{ "title": [ "Background", "IRS Budget Formulation and Execution Structures", "Budget Flexibility", "Information Technology", "Funding Declined for Most IRS Business Units and Tradeoffs to Manage Reductions May Affect Some Programs’ Effectiveness and Increase Risk", "Fifteen of Eighteen Busine...	{ "question": [ "What was the worth of IRS before and after the reduction in 2010 and 2014?", "What were the types of businesses that GAO chose?", "Which business units did GAO review to absorb budget cuts?", "What type od programs did they prioritize?", "How did IRS's budget change between 2014 a...
GAO_GAO-12-647	{ "title": [ "Background", "Eighty Federal Programs Fund Transportation Services for the Transportation Disadvantaged and Total Spending Is Unknown", "Federal Programs", "Federal Spending", "Federal Coordination Efforts Are Led by an Interagency Council, but Key Challenges Remain", "Coordinati...	{ "question": [ "How many federal programs are authorized to fund transportation services for the transportation disadvantaged?", "Of these, how many programs support public transportation?", "What types of services do the other programs provide?", "Why does total federal spending on transportation se...
CRS_R45116	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Underlying Technology", "Asymmetric Key Encryption", "Hash Values", "Merkle Trees", "Peer-to-Peer Networks", "Blockchain in Use", "Transactions in a Blockchain", "Blockchain Governance", "Applications", "Cryptocurrencies", "Cybersec...	{ "question": [ "What is Blockchain?", "What are the technologies behind blockchain?", "What is the purpose of Blockchain?", "Are there any downfalls of blockchain?", "What is verifiable in blockchain?", "What enables parties that may not trust each other or an individual computing platform to...
CRS_R43053	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Background", "Deteriorating Economic Conditions in Post-Revolution Egypt", "Egypt-IMF Negotiations", "Tentative Deal #1: June 2011", "Tentative Deal #2: November 2012", "Current Status", "Egyptian Politics and IMF Assistance", "Egypt, the IMF, ...	{ "question": [ "How much does Congress supply to Egypt each year?", "What are the economic conditions in Egypt?", "How has unemployment changed after the revolution?", "Why do policymakers and analysts fear the economic condition of Egypt?", "What types of negotiations have Egyptian authorities a...
CRS_R42511	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "United States v. Jones: A Property-Based Approach to the Fourth Amendment", "The Implications of Jones and Technology", "Justice Alito's Concurrence: A Katz-Based Approach", "Justice Sotomayor's Concurrence: The Broadest Reading of the Fourth Amendment", "...	{ "question": [ "What is the Katz privacy formulation?", "What are the rules regarding privacy protections on information provided to a third party?", "What is the current modus operandi for instances in which cell phones or preinstalled GPS devices are being utilized?", "How did Justices Alito and So...
GAO_GAO-19-257	{ "title": [ "Background", "Automation, Artificial Intelligence, and Advanced Technologies", "Projected Workforce Effects of Advanced Technologies", "Workforce Effects of Advanced Technologies in Broader Context", "No Comprehensive Data Exist to Link Employment Trends to Advanced Technology Adopti...	{ "question": [ "How effective is existing federal data on identifying causes for shifts in employment?", "What potential factors have been identified as probable causes for employment shift?", "How has GAO approached this issue in spite of the lack of data?", "What is the role of the Department of La...
CRS_RL30665	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Origin of the Majority Leader Position", "Institutional", "Scheduling Floor Business", "Manage Floor Decision Making", "Public Spokesperson", "Confer with the White House", "Facilitate the Conduct of Business", "Party", "Assist Colleagues' ...	{ "question": [ "What is the prime responsibility of the majority leader?", "How does the majority leader determine legislation?", "How does the majority leader communicate with the White House?", "How does the majority leader assist in reelection?", "How does the majority leader promote the party...
CRS_RL34397	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Traditional IRAs", "Eligibility", "Contributions", "Investment Options", "Deductibility of Contributions", "Withdrawals", "Early Distributions", "Rollovers", "Rollovers Limited to One Per Year", "Inherited IRAs", "Roth IRAs", "E...	{ "question": [ "What is a similarity between traditional and Roth IRAs?", "What is the biggest difference between traditional and Roth IRAs?", "How are IRA distributions taxed?", "How much is the potential additional tax penalty?", "What is one functionality of an IRA?", "What is the purpose ...
CRS_RL34586	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Child Survival", "Maternal Health", "USAID's Efforts to Improve Child Survival", "Child Survival and Undernutrition", "Micronutrient Supplementation and Fortification", "Infant and Young Child Feeding", "Child Survival and Acute Respiratory Infecti...	{ "question": [ "How much did CS/MH programs grow during President Bush's tenure?", "Why did that growth occur?", "How much support did Congress provide to international programs?", "What are the current rates of child death globally?", "Where are these deaths most likely to occur?", "What dis...
CRS_RL30442	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "The Federal Response to Homelessness", "Defining Homelessness: Who Is Served", "Original McKinney-Vento Act Definition of Homelessness", "Definitions Under Other Federal Programs", "HEARTH Act Changes to the McKinney-Vento Act Section 103 Definition", ...	{ "question": [ "What departments use the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act definition of homelessness?", "What is the McKinney-Vento definition of homelessness?", "What definition do other departments use?", "What programs serve people experiencing homelessness?", "What programs do the Depar...
CRS_RL33635	{ "title": [ "", "Background", "Brief History of Impoundment", "Controversies Increase", "Impoundment Control Act of 1974", "Alternative to an Item Veto", "Evolution of Expanded Rescission Proposals", "Enactment of the Line Item Veto Act of 1996", "Developments During the 105th Con...	{ "question": [ "What is one source of tension between the President and Congress?", "What is the role of impoundment during budget implementation?", "How are Presidents protesting the lack of control over federal spending?", "What is the Impoundment Control Act of 1974?", "How does the Impoundmen...
CRS_R45256	{ "title": [ "", "An Overview of Justice Kennedy's Jurisprudence", "Individual Liberty", "Structural Protections of the Constitution", "The Role of the Judiciary", "Justice Kennedy's Decisive Votes in Roberts Court-Era Cases", "Administrative Law", "Business Law", "Civil Rights", ...	{ "question": [ "What views did Justice Kennedy not subscribe to in entirety?", "What opinions did Justice Kennedy hold on personal freedom?", "Why was Justice Kennedy a supporter of separation of powers?", "What beliefs did Justice Kennedy hold about the importance of the Court in national affairs?",...
CRS_RL34493	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Current and Anticipated Applications", "U.S. Competitiveness Indicators", "Research and Development Investments24", "Public Investments", "Private Sector Investments", "Scientific Papers", "Output of Peer-Reviewed Papers", "Citations to Peer-Re...	{ "question": [ "Why is data not available for assessing nanotechnology that is available for other technologies?", "What is the result of this information not being available?", "What could provide insight into the U.S. position in nanotechnology?", "Why do people believe the U.S. leadership position...
GAO_GAO-12-402	{ "title": [ "Background", "Observations from Preliminary Work Identify Promising Practices and Potential Vulnerabilities", "Promising Practices", "Potential Vulnerabilities", "GAO’s Plans to Further Assess Controls and Perform Data Analysis as Part of Ongoing Work", "Agency Comments and Our E...	{ "question": [ "What do the promising practices to reduce risk of fraud within FECA include?", "How have these practices already been beneficial?", "What vulnerabilities have been found in FECA's design?", "How did labor and employing agencies feel about the findings in this report?", "Why has pr...
CRS_RL34729	{ "title": [ "", "Overview", "Major Themes", "\"Responsive Authoritarianism\"", "U.S. Government Policy", "The Obama Administration", "Congressional Actions", "Recent Developments", "Crackdown on Dissent", "Jasmine Revolution", "Nobel Laureate Liu Xiaobo", "Labor Issues...	{ "question": [ "What does this report examine?", "What human rights problems are in China?", "What groups are the victims of these problems?", "What has driven Chinese resistance to political reform?", "What do surveys suggest about Chinese people?", "How has Chinese society changed?", "W...
CRS_RL30395	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Composition of the Seasonal Farm Labor Force", "A Farm Labor Shortage?", "Underlying Assumptions", "Employment", "Unemployment", "Time Worked", "Hours Worked", "Days Worked", "Wages", "Conclusion" ], "paragraphs": [ "", "Que...	{ "question": [ "What is the connection between farm labor and immigration?", "What did Congress pass regarding immigration and employers?", "What did this Act include?", "Why has this act not operated in the way it was intended?", "What does the sizable presence of crop grower imply?", "What ...
CRS_R43749	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "History and Background of U.S. Drug Enforcement", "Late 19th Century–Early 20th Century", "The Harrison Act", "The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937", "Enforcement Changes", "Mid-20th Century", "Shifting Attitudes", "1970s: War on Drugs and the Control...	{ "question": [ "How has the US shifted its stated drug control policy?", "How does the US restrict and reduce availability of illicit drugs?", "How is spending towards US drug control split?", "How are drug laws enforced?", "How did arrests by the DEA and state and local law enforcement compare?"...
CRS_R43014	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Overarching Import Policy Goals", "Legislation in the 114th Congress", "Legislative History of U.S. Customs and Trade Facilitation, Enforcement, and Import Security Policies", "Major Trade Facilitation and Enforcement Legislation", "The \"Mod Act\" of 1993...	{ "question": [ "What is the purpose of CBP?", "What are the purposes of CBP's policies?", "What role does Congress have in CBP?", "What bills regarding CBP were dealt with in Congress?", "What principles are laws dealing with the CBP based on?", "What has Congress done since the 9/11 attacks?...
CRS_R44727	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Global Health Initiative", "Legislation", "Funding", "Results", "Feed the Future", "Legislation", "Funding", "Results", "Global Climate Change Initiative", "Legislation", "Funding", "Results", "Conclusion" ], "paragraphs...	{ "question": [ "What has Congress maintained strong interest in?", "How did the Obama Administration build its foreign assistance programming?", "What key initiatives did the Obama administration focus on?", "What were the purposes of these initiatives?", "What did these initiatives have in commo...
GAO_GAO-13-101	{ "title": [ "Background", "Financial Services Regulation", "Regulations and Federal Rulemaking", "Dodd-Frank Act Regulations", "Regulatory Analyses Provide Limited Information about Benefits and Costs of Chosen or Alternative Approaches", "Regulators Were Not Required to Assess Benefits and C...	{ "question": [ "Why do federal financial agencies coordinate on rulemakings?", "What did the Dodd-Frank Act require?", "What does GAO's review of selected rules show?", "What is an explanation for GAO's observation?", "What has the FSOC not yet implemented?", "How did GAO assess impact of Dod...
CRS_R44798	{ "title": [ "", "Background: Constitutional and Statutory Requirements", "Constitutional Provisions", "Voting Rights Act", "Section 2", "Section 5 Preclearance Rendered Inoperable", "Judicial Interpretation", "Equality Standard: One Person, One Vote", "Equal Protection and the Vot...	{ "question": [ "What does Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act prohibit?", "What can VRA require under special circumstances?", "How can the state withstand strict scrutiny when race is a predominant factor in drawing district lines?", "What has the Supreme Court's redistricting jurisprudence been trig...
GAO_GAO-16-39	{ "title": [ "GSA Has Largely Met Its Lead-Agency Responsibilities and Has Begun Implementing the Act for Its Own Employees", "GSA Has Completed Most of Its Requirements for Government-wide Implementation and Is Drafting an Interagency Framework for Collaboration", "GSA Has Begun Implementation of the Act...	{ "question": [ "To what extent has GSA met its lead-agency responsibilities?", "How has the GSA met its responsibilities?", "How is GSA still working to meet its responsibilities?", "Why has GSA drafted a charter for an interagency advisory board?", "How have agencies responded to the Act?", ...
GAO_GAO-19-252	{ "title": [ "Background", "Overview of the FHLBanks", "FHLBank Board of Directors", "FHFA’s Diversity-Related Requirements and Oversight of FHLBanks", "Our Previous Work on Diversity", "FHFA Has Taken Steps Since 2015 to Encourage Board Diversity at FHLBanks", "FHLBank Boards Increased Sh...	{ "question": [ "How has the share of women and minority directors on the boards of FHLBanks changed?", "Why are trends in the share of minority directors less well known than that of women directors?", "What does FHFA plan to use the board data for?", "To what extend could the completeness of the dat...
GAO_GAO-12-874	{ "title": [ "Background", "Types and Locations of Oil and Gas Reservoirs", "Federal Environmental and Public Health Laws Apply to Unconventional Oil and Gas Development but with Key Exemptions", "Eight Federal Environmental and Public Health Laws Apply to Unconventional Oil and Gas Development", ...	{ "question": [ "How have the states in GAO's review changed?", "What is the scope of these laws?", "What regulations restrict oil and gas development on federal lands?", "Do these regulations apply to both conventional and unconventional development?", "What does the Bureau of Land Management do?...
CRS_R44205	{ "title": [ "", "The Undue Burden Standard and Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey", "Admitting Privileges Requirement", "Ambulatory Surgical Center Requirement", "Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt" ], "paragraphs": [ "I n 2013, the Texas legislature passed House Bi...	{ "question": [ "What was the result of Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt?", "What was the effect of the two requirements?", "What is the general allowance of admitting privileges?", "What argument was made in favor of the requirements?", "What argument was made against the requirements?", "...
GAO_GAO-15-255	{ "title": [ "Background", "ICD Code Overview", "Usage of ICD Codes", "CMS Developed Transition Educational Materials, Modified Medicare Systems, and Assisted Medicaid Agencies", "CMS Developed Educational Materials, Conducted Outreach, and Assessed Covered Entity and Vendor Readiness", "CMS R...	{ "question": [ "How has CMS reacted to ICD-10?", "How has CMS prepared for ICD-10?", "What polices has CMS modified in preparation for ICD-10?", "What is CMS doing to ensure Medicaid agencies are ready for the transition to ICD-10?", "How are stakeholder organizations reacting the transition to I...
CRS_R43965	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Background", "Authorization and Uses", "Public Operators", "Customs and Border Protection", "Department of Justice", "Other Federal Uses", "State and Local Governmental Operations", "Private Operators", "Privacy Interests Implicated by UAS ...	{ "question": [ "When were drones first integrated into American airspace?", "How have federal laws regarding drones changed since then?", "What legislative changes have been made?", "How have US laws regarding drones changed since then?", "What privacy issues are raised by domestic drone use?", ...
GAO_GAO-14-699	{ "title": [ "Background", "Process for Developing Corps Projects", "Requirements for Corps Study and Construction Project Deauthorization", "The Corps Does Not Track All Construction Projects and Studies on Its Backlog", "The Corps Has Not Identified All Projects and Studies for Deauthorization o...	{ "question": [ "How thorough is the Corps's list of water resources construction projects?", "Why isn't this list complete?", "What steps are being taken to remedy this incompleteness?", "What impact will the incompleteness of this list have?", "How has the Corps responded to requirements to iden...
CRS_R41973	{ "title": [ "", "Choices Ahead for Policy Makers", "Conceptual Policy Approaches", "Research and \"Wait-and-See\"", "Science-Based Goals", "Economics-Based Approaches", "Cost-Benefit Approach", "Hedging or Insurance Policies", "Cost-Effectiveness and Other Concepts", "Incremen...	{ "question": [ "What causes climate change?", "What has caused the increase in concentrations of GHG?", "How much of this can be avoided?", "How does policy reduce the effects of climate change?", "What approaches might such proposals take?", "Which of these strategies is the best?", "Whi...
GAO_GAO-12-926T	{ "title": [ "Background", "Modernization of the Electricity Infrastructure", "Regulation of the Electricity Industry", "The Electricity Grid Is Potentially Vulnerable to an Evolving Array of Cyber-Based Threats", "Reported Incidents Illustrate the Potential Impact of Cyber Threats", "Actions ...	{ "question": [ "How have the threats to US cybersystems changed?", "What kind of threats are a concern?", "Who perpetrates these threats?", "What is the potential impact of these threats?", "Who has taken steps to address such concerns?", "What steps have been taken to address such concerns?"...
CRS_R45017	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Primer on Flood Policy and Federal Flood-Related Activities", "Evolution of Efforts to Address Flood Risk", "Federal Flood-Related Activities", "Flood Control", "Insurance, Land Use, and Standards", "Mitigation and Nonstructural and Green Infrastructur...	{ "question": [ "What does the NFIP require participating communities to develop?", "What else does the NFIP encourage communities to do?", "What are the programs that reduce flood risk?", "How has the federal role in responding to flooding changed since the 1960s?", "What public sentiments were p...
CRS_RL32483	{ "title": [ "", "Background to the Regional Haze Rule", "The Regional Haze Rule", "The Regional Haze Rule and Very Fine Particulates", "The Regional Haze Rule and the Clean Air Interstate Rule", "The Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR)24", "BART, CAIR, and Electric Generating Units", "De...	{ "question": [ "What is the goal of Section 169A of the Clean Air Act?", "How does the Clean Air Act reduce pollution?", "What kinds of pollution contribute to impairment of visibility?", "Why was the EPA directed to issue regulations?", "What was the effect of the EPA delaying issuing regional h...
GAO_GAO-18-250	{ "title": [ "Background", "BLM Headquarters, State, and Field Offices", "Lifecycle of Oil and Gas Wells", "BLM’s Bonding Regulations", "BLM’s 2012 Well Review and 2013 Bond Adequacy Review Policies", "BLM’s Actual Reclamation Costs and Potential Oil and Gas Well Liabilities Have Likely Increa...	{ "question": [ "What does GAO's analysis infer about BLM's actual costs?", "What did GAO's analysis of data show about BLM's liabilities for reclaiming oil and gas wells?", "What information is BLM's database missing?", "Why is the lack of information tracking an issue for BLM?", "Why was GAO una...
CRS_RL33054	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "The Labor Market Experiences of Older Displaced Workers", "The Incidence of Displacement", "The Post-Displacement Experience", "Duration of Unemployment Among the Reemployed", "The Rate of Reemployment", "Nonparticipation in the Labor Force", "Post...	{ "question": [ "What could happen to the United States that could greatly affect labor markets?", "What are the demographic changes?", "How are the changes expected to affect the dependency ratio?", "How can a rising dependency ratio be mitigated?", "What difficulties could older workers experien...
CRS_R43696	{ "title": [ "", "U.S. Agricultural Exports", "Economic and Other Factors in Agricultural Trade", "USDA's Agricultural Export Programs", "Market Development Programs", "Authorized Annual Funding Levels", "Market Access Program (MAP)20", "Foreign Market Development Program (FMDP)24", ...	{ "question": [ "Why are U.S. agricultural exports a bright spot in the U.S. balance of trade?", "Why has the trend of increasing sales and agricultural surplus reversed in recent years?", "Why is this trend of decreasing exports concerning for farm income?", "How do agricultural imports compare to ex...
CRS_R40989	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Organization of This Report", "U.S. Public Diplomacy Background", "Legislative Authority", "State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956", "United States Information and Education and Exchange Act of 1948", "Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange A...	{ "question": [ "How is public diplomacy defined?", "What are examples of public diplomacy activity?", "What was the purpose of the United States Information Agency during the Cold War?", "What happened to USIA after the Soviet Union dissolved?", "What were the effects of the 9/11 terror attacks o...
CRS_R45633	{ "title": [ "", "Overview", "Political and Security Dynamics", "May 2018 Election, Unrest, and Government Formation", "Seeking the \"Enduring Defeat\" of the Islamic State", "The Future of the Popular Mobilization Forces", "The Kurdistan Region and Relations with Baghdad", "Humanitari...	{ "question": [ "What happened after Iraq's government declared military victory against ISIS/ISIL?", "Why do 5,000 U.S. troops remain in Iraq?", "What are the responses to 5,000 U.S. troops remaining in Iraq?", "What was the purpose of Iraq's national elections in 2018?", "Why was it difficult fo...
CRS_R44591	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Cyprus—Slow to Use Its Gas4", "Aphrodite Field—A First Step", "Possibility of Additional Discoveries", "Turkish Relations", "Egypt—Domestic Demand Key9", "Domestic Gas Shortage", "Zohr Field—A Big Find", "Lebanon—Still Waiting16", "Possible...	{ "question": [ "What discovery altered the dynamics of the Eastern Mediterranean region?", "What did the discovery of large natural gas fields mean for Israel?", "What gas fields have been discovered in the region?", "Why are these gas field discoveries significant for Cyprus and Egypt?", "Why is...
GAO_GAO-13-354	{ "title": [ "Background", "Native American Veteran Demographics", "VA and IHS Structure and Benefits", "VA and IHS Collaboration through Memorandums of Understanding", "VA and IHS Tribal Consultation Policies", "Best Practices and Internal Control Standards for Interagency Collaboration and P...	{ "question": [ "What steps have VA and IHS taken to address the goals of the MOU?", "What are the shortcomings of the VA and IHS mechanisms to implement their MOU?", "How have the VA and IHS measured their progress toward the MOU's goals?", "To what extent have these metrics been effective?", "Wh...
GAO_GAO-14-439	{ "title": [ "Background", "Combatant Command Responsibilities", "Combatant Command Structure", "Military Service Supporting Responsibilities", "Other Combatant Command Funding", "Resources Devoted to the Functional Combatant Commands Have Grown Considerably over the Last Decade", "Authori...	{ "question": [ "Why did DOD initiate reductions to headquarters resources?", "What might negatively affect DOD's ability to cut costs in their headquarters operations?", "What was the outcome of GAO's report regarding these cost-saving measures?", "In what ways did GAO find that DOD's data led to ina...
GAO_GAO-19-489	{ "title": [ "Background", "DOD Has a Process for Implementing Acquisition-Related NDAA Provisions, but Does Not Clearly Communicate Implementation Status to Stakeholders", "DOD Implements Acquisition-Related NDAA Provisions in DFARS and by Other Methods", "DOD Reviews NDAAs to Identify Provisions Tha...	{ "question": [ "For what is the staff of the Defense Acquisition Regulations System responsible?", "What is the process by which the staff of the Defense Acquisition Regulations System work?", "How can DOD respond to these recommendations?", "How does DOD communicate to Congress, industry, and other ...
CRS_R44062	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Discretionary Spending Budget Enforcement", "FY2016 Discretionary Spending Limits", "FY2016 Statutory Discretionary Spending Limits", "Levels of Discretionary Spending Proposed in the President's Budget Submission", "Levels of Discretionary Spending Assume...	{ "question": [ "Under the congressional budget process, what are the sources of discretionary spending budget enforcement?", "What is the function of discretionary spending limits and budget enforcement?", "What kinds of spending are not subject to these limits?", "What is one factor that has affecte...
GAO_GAO-13-536	{ "title": [ "Background", "Performance Pay", "Performance Awards", "Performance-Related Personnel Actions", "VA’s Performance Pay Policy Has Gaps in Information Needed to Administer Performance Pay", "VA’s Policy Allows Discretion in the Establishment of Performance Pay Goals, but Lacks an Ov...	{ "question": [ "What does the VA's performance pay policy do?", "What areas does the pay policy cover?", "How effective is the performance pay policy?", "What are the gaps between the policy's understood purpose and its written policy?", "What are the shortcomings of the policy's goals?", "Wh...
CRS_R42671	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Background", "EPA's June 2012 Proposed Changes to the PM NAAQS", "Comparison of the June 2012 PM2.5 Annual Standard with Previous Promulgated and Proposed Alternative PM Standards", "Review Process Leading up to the June 2012 Proposed PM NAAQS", "Implement...	{ "question": [ "What was the EPA's 2012 response to the National Ambient Air Quality Standard?", "What prompted this response?", "How did EPA respond to these petitions?", "What have been the effects of the EPA's revision of NAAQS?", "What does the 2012 NAAQS proposal address?", "What is the ...
CRS_RL33686	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Member and Public Expectations", "Roles of Members of Congress", "Representation", "Legislation", "Constituency Service", "Oversight and Investigation", "Advice and Consent (Senators Only)", "Congressional Leadership", "Personal Office Mana...	{ "question": [ "What are the duties of a member of Congress?", "What formal requirements guide this work?", "Without formal authorities, how do congressional responsibilities evolve?", "On what kinds of responsibilities do newly elected congresspeople typically focus?", "What determines their pri...
GAO_GAO-17-42	{ "title": [ "Background", "CMS Applied the Revised Enrollment Screening Process to over 2.4 Million New Applications and Existing Records, and Estimated Avoiding $2.4 Billion in Medicare Payments to Ineligible Providers and Suppliers", "CMS Denied or Rejected over 23,000 New Applications and Deactivated ...	{ "question": [ "How has the CMS revised their screening process?", "How were automatic approvals changed?", "How will CMS further change their process?", "Why have they decided to wait to continue modifying?", "What is lacking in CMS monitoring of their screening process?", "Why is the CMS ha...
GAO_GAO-13-192	{ "title": [ "Background", "TARP Programs and Implementation", "Most Nonmortgage- Related Programs Continue to Wind Down", "Institutions’ Financial Strength and the Outcomes of Auctions Will Help Determine When Remaining Participants Exit CPP", "The Financial Strength of CDCI Participants Will Aff...	{ "question": [ "What assets did the Treasury manage in 2012?", "How was the Treasury dropping these nonmortgage-related TARPs?", "How will the Treasury continue this process?", "Why is the Treasury dropping these programs?", "How do nonmortgage-related TARP programs and TARP-funded mortgage prog...
CRS_R42637	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Rail Safety and PTC", "Signal Systems", "Rail-Related Fatalities", "Train Incidents and PTC Legislation", "The Basics of PTC", "Implementation", "Overseas Experience", "Cost and Benefits", "Safety Benefits from PTC-Preventable Incidents", ...	{ "question": [ "What is the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (RSIA08)?", "What is PTC?", "What is the goal of implementing PTC?", "What would PTC fail to do?", "How does the RSIA08 affect the PTC?", "What is the effect of this implementation?", "What is the progress of PTC use and impl...
CRS_R44468	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Brief Overview of Guidance Documents", "APA Rulemaking Requirements", "Procedures for Issuing Policy Statements", "Distinguishing Between Legislative Rules and Policy Statements", "Reviewability of Policy Statements", "Debate Concerning Potential Tensi...	{ "question": [ "How do agencies set regulatory policy?", "How do these documents differ from legislative rules?", "How are guidance documents regarded?", "What does this report cover?", "How does the type of agency policy affect judicial review?", "Why are legislative rules important?", "...
GAO_GAO-12-534	{ "title": [ "Background", "The United States Made Available an Estimated $13.9 Billion for Foreign Police Assistance during Fiscal Years 2009 through 2011", "Funds Made Available for U.S. Foreign Police Assistance Rose and Then Fell during Fiscal Years 2009 through 2011", "Other U.S. Agencies Also Ma...	{ "question": [ "How did US provide foreign police assistance FY2009 through FY2011?", "How did US foreign police assistance change from FY2009 to FY2011?", "How has most of the US foreign police assistance distributed?", "How did DOD and State funds provide for foreign police assistance?", "How h...
GAO_GAO-13-421	{ "title": [ "Background", "Data Indicate Most Agencies Have Not Consistently Complied with Mandated Requirements, Because of Improper Exclusions and Differing Methodologies", "Agency Data Indicate That Agencies Did Not Consistently Comply with Mandated Program Spending Requirements", "Agencies and SB...	{ "question": [ "How did agencies violate spending requirements in the SBIR and STTR programs?", "What parts of their spending did not comply?", "How does SBA guidance assist in noncompliance with spending requirements?", "How did this affect calculations?", "How will this guidance continue to aff...
CRS_RL34246	{ "title": [ "", "The Global Threat of Infectious Diseases", "Tuberculosis", "Global TB Statistics6", "HIV/AIDS and TB", "Drug Resistance to TB Treatments", "Multi-Drug Resistant TB (MDR-TB)", "Extensive Drug Resistant (XDR)-TB", "U.S. Global TB Efforts", "U.S. Agency for Inter...	{ "question": [ "What effect do infectious diseases have?", "What are recent outbreaks that have been concerning?", "How has air transportation changed the way infectious diseases are handled?", "How can this transportation cause spread?", "How has infectious disease caused more alarm?", "What...
GAO_GAO-13-83	{ "title": [ "Background", "NDF Authorities", "NDF Project Review and Approval Process", "NDF Projects", "NDF’s Authorities Provide It Significant Operational Flexibility, but under Its No-Year Budget Authority, NDF Has Not Determined Needed Carryover Balances", "NDF Used Its Notwithstanding A...	{ "question": [ "How does carryover affect the Department of State's (State) Nonproliferation and Disarmament Fund (NDF)?", "How has the NDF received their authorities?", "What authority affects NDF's undertaking of projects?", "How has this been used to fund some projects?", "What authority affec...
GAO_GAO-16-342	{ "title": [ "Background", "Over the Past 5 Fiscal Years, More than 100 DHS Employees Were on Administrative Leave for Personnel Matters for 1 Year or More", "Numerous Factors Affect the Length of Administrative Leave", "DHS’s Recently Issued Policy Increases Oversight of Administrative Leave but Does...	{ "question": [ "Why did DHS issue a leave policy?", "What does this policy clarify?", "How was this policy regarded by components?", "What do federal internal control standards address for agency controls?", "How does the new policy relate to this control?", "What was DHS reaction to evaluati...
GAO_GAO-12-799	{ "title": [ "Background", "State Has Improved the Consistency of Its Approach, but Unanticipated Events and Other Factors Contribute to Differences between Actual and Projected Staff Levels", "State Has Improved the Consistency of Its Rightsizing Reviews Since 2006", "Over Half of Staffing Projection...	{ "question": [ "What do rightsizing reviews contain recommendations for?", "How does M/PRI develop recommendations?", "What do State's recommendations focus on?", "How did State officials justify this?", "How do the agencies within State use rightsizing?", "How is the rightsizing process help...
GAO_GAO-19-288	{ "title": [ "Background", "Overview of the Remote Identity Proofing Process", "The Role of CRAs in Knowledge-Based Verification", "OMB and NIST Provide Guidance to Agencies on Information Security Management", "Selected Agencies Use a Variety of Remote Identity Proofing Techniques, Including Know...	{ "question": [ "What is remote identity proofing?", "How do agencies perform remote identity proofing?", "Why does the SSA perform remote identity proofing?", "What could stolen data be used for?", "How has the NIST responded to this concern?", "Why are other security methods more limited?", ...
GAO_GAO-13-222	{ "title": [ "Background", "Agencies’ Physical Security Programs Are Largely Informed by Institutional Knowledge and ISC Standards", "Agencies Use a Range of Management Practices to Oversee Physical Security Activities, but Make Limited Use of These Practices to Help Allocate Resources", "Agencies Use...	{ "question": [ "Where do agencies source information on developing physical security systems?", "How do ISC standards help ensure that agencies implement effective security practices?", "What factors hinder the effectiveness of ISC standards?", "How did the ISC respond to this concern?", "How cou...
CRS_RL31395	{ "title": [ "", "Recent Developments", "Background", "The Angolan Conflict in the 1990s 4", "Recent Fighting", "Cabinda/FLEC", "Recent Political Developments", "Forthcoming Elections", "Dos Santos Candidacy", "Political Landscape Shifts", "Death of Savimbi", "Post-Savi...	{ "question": [ "What was signed on April 4, 2002?", "How did a prior law help promote peaceful relations?", "What event triggered the passing of this agreement?", "How is UNITA currently organized?", "What did dos Santos indicate in 2001?", "How might de Santos return to the political sphere?...
CRS_RL33286	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Background", "FRA's Train Horn Rule", "Requirements for Establishing Quiet Zones", "Impacts of the Rule", "Continuing Issues", "Preemption of Local Decision-Making", "Federal Funding for Grade-Crossing Safety Improvements", "The Role of Motoris...	{ "question": [ "Why did numerous US communities impose bans on the sounding of train whistles at grade crossings in the 1970s?", "What did a 1990 FRA study of train whistle bans reveal?", "How did Congress respond to the results of this study?", "How has the number of deaths from grade-crossing colli...
GAO_GAO-16-220	{ "title": [ "Background", "The Role and Economic Value of Bees", "Bee Population Trends", "Factors Affecting Bee Health", "Effects of Bee Losses on Agriculture and Ecosystems", "Specific Roles and Responsibilities of USDA and EPA in Addressing Bee Health Issues", "Selected USDA Agencies C...	{ "question": [ "How is the USDA involved in the protection of bees?", "What limitations hamper the USDA's abilities to protect bees?", "What might have contributed to the USDA's failure to efficiently protect bees?", "What key practices does previous GAO work recommend?", "How might the developme...
GAO_GAO-13-60	{ "title": [ "Background", "Employment Conditions of Military Spouses", "DOD Employment Assistance Programs and Other Efforts to Help Military Spouses", "DOD Has Initiated Programs and Is Developing Guidance for Collaboration", "DOD Currently Cannot Measure the Effectiveness of Its Programs, but E...	{ "question": [ "What steps has the DOD recently taken to help military spouses obtain employment?", "What are the DOD's goals for these programs?", "What alternative support programs could military spouses make use of?", "What issues has GAO discovered with the DOD's military spouse support programs?...
GAO_GAO-18-544	{ "title": [ "Background", "IRS Management of RRP", "The Return Review Program Aims to Detect, Select, and Prevent Invalid Refunds More Accurately and Efficiently", "Detection: RRP Uses Multiple Data Sources and Predictive Models, Among Other Techniques, to Detect Suspicious Returns", "Selection: ...	{ "question": [ "From what sources could the IRS collect more information electronically?", "What alternative approaches has the IRS considered?", "What did the IRS request from Congress?", "What methods/programs could the IRS apply in order to improve tax enforcement activities?", "To what extent...
CRS_R40477	{ "title": [ "", "A Primer on Desalination", "Recent Congressional Consideration", "Federal Desalination Research", "Research Agenda", "Evolution of Federal Research Funding", "Desalination Adoption in the United States", "Energy Concerns and Responses", "Reducing Energy Intensity ...	{ "question": [ "How are desalination and membrane technologies used in the United States?", "How much of a part do desalination facilities play in municipal/industrial freshwater use?", "What is the main issue for Congress vis-à-vis their role in supporting desalination?", "What specific desalination...
GAO_GAO-19-563T	{ "title": [ "Background", "SBA Has Implemented One of the Three Changes Made by the 2015 NDAA", "SBA Has Not Fully Addressed Deficiencies in Oversight and Program Implementation", "Federal Contracts to WOSB Set-Asides Remain Relatively Small", "GAO Contact and Acknowledgments" ], "paragraphs"...	{ "question": [ "What changes were made to the Women-Owned Small Business Program?", "What aspects of the WOSB remain unchanged?", "What was the third change in the NDAA?", "Why was the WOSB program created?", "What criteria must a firm meet in order to participate in the WOSB program?", "What...
CRS_R41590	{ "title": [ "", "Background: Recent Federal Support", "Can Marine Highways Deliver Tangible Benefits?", "Short-Distance Ferries", "Upriver Inland Port", "Characteristics of a Sustainable Container-on-Barge Service", "Prospects for Federally Funded COB Services", "Coastal Feeder Servic...	{ "question": [ "For what reason would a change of freight traffic from roads to river/coastal waterway be necessary?", "What are waterways carryings right now?", "What are roadways being used for?", "Given the current use of waterways, how could one state their current level of busyness?", "What ...
GAO_GAO-14-78	{ "title": [ "Background", "DOE Has Performed About $2 Billion of Work under the WFO Program Annually, but the Amount and Sponsors of Work Varied Among Laboratories", "Amount of Work Performed under the WFO Program Has Been About $2 Billion Annually", "Type, or Sponsors, of WFO Projects Performed Vari...	{ "question": [ "What was the rate of change of performed WFO projects?", "How were the 6,500 WFO projects spread out in 2012?", "What kind of work was done in a WFO?", "How deep is the lack of DOE oversight on the WFO program?", "What bars most the laboratories from being able to develop budget p...
CRS_R44101	{ "title": [ "", "Layers of the Internet", "Accessing and Navigating the Dark Web", "Communicating On (and About) the Dark Web", "Navigating the Deep Web and Dark Web", "Is the Dark Web Anonymous?", "Why Anonymize Activity?", "Online Privacy", "Illegal Activity and the Dark Web", ...	{ "question": [ "To what extent is internet content accessible through typical searches?", "What is the name for content that cannot be accessed by search engines?", "Is all Deep Web content purposely concealed?", "What activity is typical of the Dark Web?", "Why has the Dark Web become of intere...
CRS_R41972	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Statutory Framework of OPA", "Liability", "Determination of Damages", "Trustees", "Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund", "The NRDA Process Under the OPA Regulations", "Preassessment Phase", "Restoration Planning Phase", "Injury Assessment", ...	{ "question": [ "What were the effects of the 2010 Deep Horizon Oil Spill?", "What is the Oil Pollution Act?", "How does the Oil Pollution Act affect state property?", "What authorization does OPA allow governments?", "What types of damage are covered under the OPA?", "Is there a limit for lia...
CRS_R44708	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "The Commercial Space Industry", "Satellites", "Launch Services and Vehicles", "Launch Services", "Launch Vehicles", "Ground Systems", "Space-Related Products and Services", "Insurance", "New Entrants Change the Industry", "U.S. Governme...	{ "question": [ "How is NASA planning to support the commercial launch industry?", "Why is NASA planning to support the commercial launch industry?", "Why are space-related companies attracting more funding now?", "Why are these new companies interested in space?", "How is the commercial space ind...
CRS_RL33935	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Data on CEO Pay", "The Economics of Executive Pay", "How Executive Compensation Is Set", "Executive Pay in the Neo-Classical World", "The Principal-Agent Problem and the Free-Rider Problem", "The \"Managerial Power\" Critique of the Neo-Classical Model...	{ "question": [ "How has CEO compensation changed over time?", "Why could this change be cause for public concern?", "Why is it difficult to determine whether CEO pay is excessive across the board?", "Why is an upward trend in pay insufficient proof of an inefficient market?", "How can executive p...
CRS_R44187	{ "title": [ "", "The Technology Boundary: A Perennial Issue", "Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA)", "Crypto Wars", "Law Enforcement Use of Cell Phone Data", "Current Debate", "Major Components: Communications and Stored Data", "Real-Time Access to Encrypted Comm...	{ "question": [ "Why must law enforcement work to keep pace as time goes on?", "How have interconnectivity and technology created challenges for law enforcement?", "How have technological advances directly impacted law enforcement's effectiveness?", "How has technology affected law enforcement over ti...

CRS_R44973

{ "title": [ "", "Overview", "Funding Issues", "Authorization Status", "Ongoing Funding Issues", "Infrastructure Issues", "The Northeast Corridor Commission", "NEC Improvement Plans", "Amtrak Gateway Program", "The Northeast Corridor Commission's Capital Investment Plan", "...

{ "question": [ "What purpose does Amtrak serve?", "Why was Amtrak created?", "How is Amtrak supported by the government?", "What is the state of the authorization legislation that Amtrak relies on?", "What is Congress's attitude regarding Amtrak?", "Why is Amtrak criticized?", "What evide...

CRS_R41170

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Overview of the Multilateral Development Banks", "Historical Background", "World Bank", "Regional Development Banks", "Inter-American Development Bank", "African Development Bank", "Asian Development Bank", "European Bank for Reconstruction and...

{ "question": [ "What are the main functions of the MDBs?", "What other functions do the MDBs perform?", "What types of concessional assistance do they provide?", "How does Congress oversee U.S. participation in the MDBs?", "What effect do legislative mandates have on the MDBs?", "What other a...

GAO_GAO-16-84T

{ "title": [ "Weaknesses in CVN 78’s Business Case Manifested by Less Capability at Higher Cost", "Business Case for Follow-On Ship Assumes Ambitious Efficiency Gains", "Ford Class Program Emblematic of Incentives Which Discourage Implementing Sound Acquisition Practices", "Concluding Remarks", "G...

{ "question": [ "How did the Ford-class aircraft carrier's lead ship begin construction?", "How does a sound business case benefit construction?", "How was the business case unrealistic?", "How has the business case since worsened?", "What are the current estimates for the CVN 78's performance?", ...

CRS_R43918

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Overview of CJS", "Department of Commerce", "Department of Justice", "The Science Agencies", "The Office of Science and Technology Policy", "The National Aeronautics and Space Administration", "The National Science Foundation", "Related Agencie...

{ "question": [ "What are the details of the FY2015 CJS appropriations bill?", "What bill was passed by the House on June 3, 2015?", "What were the effects of this bill?", "What was approved by the Senate?", "Why was the FY2016 CJS appropriations bill offered?", "What was the budget for this b...

GAO_GAO-17-661

{ "title": [ "Background", "Excise Tax on High-cost Employer-sponsored Health Insurance", "Age and Gender Adjustment", "Experts Cited Benefits and Limitations of the FEHBP BCBS Standard Plan Data and Identified Alternative Data Sources, Which Also Have Limitations", "Experts Noted That the BCBS St...

{ "question": [ "What were the provisions of PPACA?", "How would the tax be imposed?", "Why is this adjustment included?", "What is the adjustment designed to do?", "What would this adjustment be based on?", "How might selection bias make the BCBS Standard plan adjustment inadequate?", "Wh...

GAO_GAO-19-233

{ "title": [ "Background", "Marine Corps Organizational Structure", "Marine Corps Unit-Level Training", "Marine Corps Readiness", "Marine Corps O&M Budget", "The Marine Corps Cannot Fully Track All Unit-Level Training Funds for Ground Combat Forces through the Budget Cycle", "The Marine Co...

{ "question": [ "How was it determined that The Marine Corps cannot track all training funds?", "Why can't the Marine Corps track their training funds?", "What fiscal codes could be used to fix this?", "How does the Marine Corps currently use MCPCs?", "How does the Marine Corps currently use SICs?...

GAO_GAO-13-232

{ "title": [ "Background", "HHS Agencies Responded to the CAA by Establishing New Autism Activities and Continuing Others", "HRSA Routinely Collects and Reviews Information to Oversee CAA Grantees", "Agency Comments", "Appendix I: National Institutes of Health’s (NIH) and Centers for Disease Contr...

{ "question": [ "How did the HHS respond to the CAA?", "What were the effects of HRSA's new initiative?", "How does HRSA award its autism grants?", "What other agencies were involved with the CAA?", "How did HHS's Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee help aide in the efforts?", "How were ...

GAO_GAO-17-485

{ "title": [ "Background", "SSI Eligibility, Continuing Disability Reviews, and Redeterminations", "Vocational Rehabilitation", "Schools’ Role in Transition Planning for Youth with Disabilities", "SSA’s Efforts to Encourage Employment Reach Few Transition-Age Youth and SSA Does Not Consistently Co...

{ "question": [ "What is the SSA's primary approach for encouraging employment for transition-age youth with disabilities?", "Why is this approach ineffective?", "How does SSI plan to change their approach?", "What do SSA's incentives allow of its recipients?", "How has the SEIE failed?", "How...

GAO_GAO-17-108

{ "title": [ "Background", "Recent Federal Support for R&D Related to Advanced Biofuels Has Been Through Direct Research and Grants, and the Focus Is Shifting toward Drop- In Fuels", "DOE Funds the Majority of Federal R&D Related to Advanced Biofuels and Has Shifted Its Focus Away from Cellulosic Ethanol"...

{ "question": [ "How has the government supported R&D related to advanced biofuels?", "To what extent has the federal government funded biofuels R&D?", "What portion of this funding was through the DOE?", "What portion of this funding was though the USDA?", "What other agencies provided funding?",...

CRS_RL33865

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "National Security, Arms Control, and Nonproliferation", "The Arms Control Agenda", "Arms Control Between the United States and States of the Former Soviet Union", "The Early Years: SALT I and SALT II", "The Interim Agreement on Offensive Arms", "The St...

{ "question": [ "What tools have been used to implement US national security strategy?", "What do analysts see these tools as?", "What results have these tools produced?", "How did the implementation of arms control agreements change under the Clinton and Bush Administrations?", "How did this chan...

CRS_R41175

{ "title": [ "", "Background on Global Climate Change Negotiations", "What Is the Difference Between a \"Convention,\" a \"Protocol,\" and an \"Accord\"?", "What Makes Some International Agreements \"Legally Binding\" but Not Others?", "How Does the United States Become a Party to an International...

{ "question": [ "What policy opened for signature and was ratified by the US in 1992?", "What does this policy entail?", "What was the Kyoto Protocol intended as?", "How does it act as a first step?", "What is the Protocol's goal?", "What happened to the Protocol in 1998?", "How was this e...

CRS_R42668

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Patent Law Fundamentals", "The \"Patent Trolls\" Controversy", "Enforcement by PAEs", "PAEs vs. Other Non-Practicing Entities", "The Impact on Innovation", "Behind the Rise of PAEs", "Notice Failure", "Section 112 of the Patent Act", "The P...

{ "question": [ "What has Congress recently demonstrated interest in?", "What does the PAE business model focus on?", "What is classified as a PAE?", "What was the proliferation of PAEs a central factor in support of?", "Why does the AIA contain few provisions on PAEs?", "What did the 113th Co...

CRS_R40616

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Federal Communications Commission Activity", "The Information Services Designation and Title I", "The 2005 Internet Policy Statement", "The FCC August 2008 Comcast Decision", "Comcast v. FCC", "The FCC 2010 Open Internet Order", "The 2014 Open Inte...

{ "question": [ "What did the FCC vote for in 2015?", "Why were the adopted rules controversial?", "How did various parties react to the FCC's vote?", "How did courts react to the challenges?", "What did the FCC adopt in 2017?", "What have been the results of this adoption?", "Why do peopl...

GAO_GAO-18-367T

{ "title": [ "Background", "Progress Reported in Some Implementation Areas, but Significant Work Remains", "Over Half of Commuter Railroads May Be at Risk of Not Meeting the 2018 Deadline or Criteria for RSD-based Extension, Though Numerous Factors Create Uncertainty", "Over Half of Commuter Railroads...

{ "question": [ "What is the FRA responsible for?", "What is positive train control?", "How can positive train control be used?", "What has GAO analysis of commuter railroads' PTC scheduled milestones found?", "What evidence is there that commuter railroads have not planned enough time for the sch...

GAO_GAO-13-564

{ "title": [ "Background", "DOD’s Process for Monitoring Flying Hours Provides Information That Could Help It Determine When to Shift Eligible Missions to CRAF Participants", "DOD Exceeded Its Required Military Training Hours for Fiscal Years 2002 through 2010, but Has Reduced the Percentage of Excess Hou...

{ "question": [ "Why did DOD exceed flying hours between FY2002 and FY2010?", "How does DOD's flight time compare to its training needs?", "Why will the need for airlift decline?", "Why may DOD be using its military fleet more than necessary?", "Why has DOD restricted commercial carriers from tran...

GAO_GAO-13-269

{ "title": [ "Background", "The Bureau Revised Rules Governing Data Sources and Procedures for the Challenge Program to Improve Accuracy of Population Estimates", "The Bureau Changed the Challenge Program to Standardize Evidentiary Requirements and Limit the Scope", "Other Changes to Procedures are In...

{ "question": [ "Why has the Census Bureau issued significant changes?", "What did the Bureau do prior to changes?", "What changes has the Bureau made?", "What does the Bureau plan to do?", "Why is the Bureau's 2020 research and testing program lower priority?", "Why are local records importan...

GAO_GAO-19-241

{ "title": [ "Background", "OMB and the Federal CIO Established FDCCI", "IT Acquisition Reform Law Enhanced Data Center Consolidation and Optimization Efforts", "OMB Established DCOI to Address FITARA Data Center Provisions", "OMB Published Proposed Changes to DCOI in November 2018", "Agencies...

{ "question": [ "What did the 24 agencies participating in DCOI report?", "What specifically did each of the agencies report?", "What is the problem with 16 of the agencies' cost savings target?", "Why is there a shortfall from the DCOI savings goal?", "What did the 24 agencies report?", "What...

GAO_GAO-12-694

{ "title": [ "Background", "States Reported $32 Billion in Supplemental Medicaid Payments during Fiscal Year 2010, but the Exact Amount of Supplemental Payments Is Unknown", "States Reported $17.6 Billion in DSH Payments during Fiscal Year 2010", "States Reported $14.4 Billion in Non-DSH Supplemental ...

{ "question": [ "What accounted for the majority of the 17.6 billion DSH payments?", "What accounted for half of DSH payments?", "How did DSH payments vary?", "Why was Medicaid designated a high risk program?", "Why do states make DSH payments?", "Why do states also make non-DSH supplemental p...

GAO_GAO-14-531

{ "title": [ "Background", "Responsibility for Secure Flight Operations", "Overview of Secure Flight Matching and Screening Processes at Implementation", "Passenger Screening at Airport Security Checkpoints", "Secure Flight Initially Identified Passengers on Terrorist Watchlists and Now Also Diffe...

{ "question": [ "How has Secure Flight changed its program?", "Why did TSA begin to use risk-based criteria?", "What other changes has TSA made?", "Why is TSA conducting TSA Pre✓™ risk assessments?", "What has TSA done to implement Secure Flight?", "What is the problem with TSA's implementati...

GAO_GAO-13-239

{ "title": [ "Background", "TSA Collects and Uses Data to Track Canine Program Performance, but Could Better Analyze These Data to Identify Program Trends", "Training Minutes", "Utilization Minutes", "Certification Rates", "Short Notice Assessments", "Final Canine Responses", "TSA Has ...

{ "question": [ "What is TSA doing with regards to NCP?", "How does TSA collect canine team data?", "What is the problem with TSA's collection?", "How could analysis of TSA's data be helpful?", "What has TSA not yet done?", "Why have some airport operators not used PSC teams?", "What is th...

CRS_R42063

{ "title": [ "", "The Relationship Between Growth and Unemployment", "The Unemployment Rate During Postwar Recoveries", "The Outlook for the Unemployment Rate in the Next Few Years" ], "paragraphs": [ "Despite the resumption of economic (output) growth in June 2009, the unemployment rate remai...

{ "question": [ "What factor affects the rate of reduction in the unemployment rate?", "What is potential output?", "What is the growth rate of potential output?", "How are the potential output growth rate and GDP growth rate related?" ], "summary": [ "What appears to matter for a reduction in...

GAO_GAO-12-889T

{ "title": [ "Background", "Obstacles to Safe and Routine Integration of UAS", "Role of the Department of Homeland Security in Domestic UAS Use", "Preliminary Observations on Emerging UAS Issues", "GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgements" ], "paragraphs": [ "Current domestic uses of UAS are...

{ "question": [ "What issues did GAO identify with the UAS's safety protocols?", "How did GAO recommend amending these issues?", "How did FAA respond to these recommendations?", "What is the DHS partnering with JPDO to do?", "What has FAA granted DHS authority on?", "What authority does TSA ha...

GAO_GAO-14-127

{ "title": [ "Background", "Subsidized Premium Rates", "Program History", "Policy Goals Framework", "Stakeholders Identified Several Conditions That Must Exist to Encourage Private Sector Involvement in Flood Insurance", "Private Insurers Must Be Able to Accurately Assess Flood Risk", "Pri...

{ "question": [ "What did stakeholders explain to GAO regarding private sector involvement in flood insurance sales?", "What is the first condition?", "What is the second condition?", "What is the third condition?", "How could Congress create a direct means-based subsidy for some policyholders?", ...

GAO_GAO-12-953

{ "title": [ "Background", "TAA Certification Process", "2009 Changes to the TAA Program", "TAA Funding", "Role of State and Local Workforce Agencies", "TAA Performance and Reporting Requirements", "Related TAA Programs", "Labor Faced Initial Challenges in Implementing the 2009 Legisla...

{ "question": [ "What was Labor challenged to do in 2009?", "Why was this a challenge for Labor?", "How did Labor respond to this challenge?", "What results did Labor's response yield?", "What did GAO find in regards to Labor's petition investigation process?", "According to state officials, h...

CRS_R44242

{ "title": [ "", "Labor Supply", "Effective Marginal Tax Rates for Selected Policy Options", "Responsiveness of Labor Supply to Changes in the Effective Marginal Tax Rate", "Overall Labor Supply Response to Limiting Itemized Deductions", "Capital Stock", "Tax Rates Under Current Law", ...

{ "question": [ "Why is there interest in tax reform that broadens the base and lowers the rate?", "Why might predictions of growth be mistaken?", "Why might growth have been limited?", "What does this report show?", "What effects are addressed in this report?", "What does the analysis examine...

GAO_GAO-18-320

{ "title": [ "Background", "Patenting in the United States", "Patent Infringement Litigation", "Administrative Proceedings for Challenging Patent Validity before the Patent Trial and Appeal Board", "Court Decisions on Eligibility for Review under the CBM Program", "More Than 350 Patents Have B...

{ "question": [ "How were CBM's patents challenged from 2012 through 2017?", "What does the CBM program provide?", "What are business method patents?", "How has the rate of filing petitions changed from 2012 through 2017?", "What has USTPO done to review its decisions?", "What does USTPO lack?...

GAO_GAO-18-474

{ "title": [ "Background", "Complexity of RME Reprocessing", "VHA Roles and Responsibilities for RME Reprocessing", "VHA Policies for RME Reprocessing and Related Oversight", "Reports on Issues Related to RME Reprocessing", "VHA’s Oversight Does Not Provide Reasonable Assurance that VAMCs Are ...

{ "question": [ "What did GAO find regarding the VAMC following RME policies?", "What is reprocessing?", "Why has VHA not ensured that VAMC conducted RME inspections?", "How did VHA justify this inadequacy?", "What issues might this inadequacy cause?", "According to GAO, what challenges do VAM...

GAO_GAO-18-559

{ "title": [ "Background", "A Data Breach Can Have Harmful Results", "Attackers Use a Variety of Tools and Techniques", "Federal Agencies Oversee CRA Activities, Including Protection of Personally Identifiable Information", "FTC Has Enforcement Authority over CRAs", "BCFP Has Enforcement and S...

{ "question": [ "What did Equifax discover concerning the portal security in 2017?", "What was the scope of the breach?", "What were the four major factors of the breach?", "What did Equifax attempt to do after the breach?", "What did the company inform the public after the breach?", "Which th...

CRS_RL31634

{ "title": [ "", "Part I. The Act in General", "Does HIPAA help individuals who are uninsured?", "Are employers required to offer health insurance as a benefit?", "Part II. Health Insurance Reforms", "Portability", "What is creditable coverage?", "What is a preexisting medical conditio...

{ "question": [ "What does HIPAA stand for and what was it responsible for?", "What was the purpose of HIPAA and what did it promise?", "What did the act provide?", "What did the act require on a state-level?", "What types of tax provisions did HIPAA provide?", "What did HIPAA allow small busi...

GAO_GAO-15-624

{ "title": [ "Background", "IRS Budget Formulation and Execution Structures", "Budget Flexibility", "Information Technology", "Funding Declined for Most IRS Business Units and Tradeoffs to Manage Reductions May Affect Some Programs’ Effectiveness and Increase Risk", "Fifteen of Eighteen Busine...

{ "question": [ "What was the worth of IRS before and after the reduction in 2010 and 2014?", "What were the types of businesses that GAO chose?", "Which business units did GAO review to absorb budget cuts?", "What type od programs did they prioritize?", "How did IRS's budget change between 2014 a...

GAO_GAO-12-647

{ "title": [ "Background", "Eighty Federal Programs Fund Transportation Services for the Transportation Disadvantaged and Total Spending Is Unknown", "Federal Programs", "Federal Spending", "Federal Coordination Efforts Are Led by an Interagency Council, but Key Challenges Remain", "Coordinati...

{ "question": [ "How many federal programs are authorized to fund transportation services for the transportation disadvantaged?", "Of these, how many programs support public transportation?", "What types of services do the other programs provide?", "Why does total federal spending on transportation se...

CRS_R45116

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Underlying Technology", "Asymmetric Key Encryption", "Hash Values", "Merkle Trees", "Peer-to-Peer Networks", "Blockchain in Use", "Transactions in a Blockchain", "Blockchain Governance", "Applications", "Cryptocurrencies", "Cybersec...

{ "question": [ "What is Blockchain?", "What are the technologies behind blockchain?", "What is the purpose of Blockchain?", "Are there any downfalls of blockchain?", "What is verifiable in blockchain?", "What enables parties that may not trust each other or an individual computing platform to...

CRS_R43053

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Background", "Deteriorating Economic Conditions in Post-Revolution Egypt", "Egypt-IMF Negotiations", "Tentative Deal #1: June 2011", "Tentative Deal #2: November 2012", "Current Status", "Egyptian Politics and IMF Assistance", "Egypt, the IMF, ...

{ "question": [ "How much does Congress supply to Egypt each year?", "What are the economic conditions in Egypt?", "How has unemployment changed after the revolution?", "Why do policymakers and analysts fear the economic condition of Egypt?", "What types of negotiations have Egyptian authorities a...

CRS_R42511

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "United States v. Jones: A Property-Based Approach to the Fourth Amendment", "The Implications of Jones and Technology", "Justice Alito's Concurrence: A Katz-Based Approach", "Justice Sotomayor's Concurrence: The Broadest Reading of the Fourth Amendment", "...

{ "question": [ "What is the Katz privacy formulation?", "What are the rules regarding privacy protections on information provided to a third party?", "What is the current modus operandi for instances in which cell phones or preinstalled GPS devices are being utilized?", "How did Justices Alito and So...

GAO_GAO-19-257

{ "title": [ "Background", "Automation, Artificial Intelligence, and Advanced Technologies", "Projected Workforce Effects of Advanced Technologies", "Workforce Effects of Advanced Technologies in Broader Context", "No Comprehensive Data Exist to Link Employment Trends to Advanced Technology Adopti...

{ "question": [ "How effective is existing federal data on identifying causes for shifts in employment?", "What potential factors have been identified as probable causes for employment shift?", "How has GAO approached this issue in spite of the lack of data?", "What is the role of the Department of La...

CRS_RL30665

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Origin of the Majority Leader Position", "Institutional", "Scheduling Floor Business", "Manage Floor Decision Making", "Public Spokesperson", "Confer with the White House", "Facilitate the Conduct of Business", "Party", "Assist Colleagues' ...

{ "question": [ "What is the prime responsibility of the majority leader?", "How does the majority leader determine legislation?", "How does the majority leader communicate with the White House?", "How does the majority leader assist in reelection?", "How does the majority leader promote the party...

CRS_RL34397

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Traditional IRAs", "Eligibility", "Contributions", "Investment Options", "Deductibility of Contributions", "Withdrawals", "Early Distributions", "Rollovers", "Rollovers Limited to One Per Year", "Inherited IRAs", "Roth IRAs", "E...

{ "question": [ "What is a similarity between traditional and Roth IRAs?", "What is the biggest difference between traditional and Roth IRAs?", "How are IRA distributions taxed?", "How much is the potential additional tax penalty?", "What is one functionality of an IRA?", "What is the purpose ...

CRS_RL34586

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Child Survival", "Maternal Health", "USAID's Efforts to Improve Child Survival", "Child Survival and Undernutrition", "Micronutrient Supplementation and Fortification", "Infant and Young Child Feeding", "Child Survival and Acute Respiratory Infecti...

{ "question": [ "How much did CS/MH programs grow during President Bush's tenure?", "Why did that growth occur?", "How much support did Congress provide to international programs?", "What are the current rates of child death globally?", "Where are these deaths most likely to occur?", "What dis...

CRS_RL30442

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "The Federal Response to Homelessness", "Defining Homelessness: Who Is Served", "Original McKinney-Vento Act Definition of Homelessness", "Definitions Under Other Federal Programs", "HEARTH Act Changes to the McKinney-Vento Act Section 103 Definition", ...

{ "question": [ "What departments use the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act definition of homelessness?", "What is the McKinney-Vento definition of homelessness?", "What definition do other departments use?", "What programs serve people experiencing homelessness?", "What programs do the Depar...

CRS_RL33635

{ "title": [ "", "Background", "Brief History of Impoundment", "Controversies Increase", "Impoundment Control Act of 1974", "Alternative to an Item Veto", "Evolution of Expanded Rescission Proposals", "Enactment of the Line Item Veto Act of 1996", "Developments During the 105th Con...

{ "question": [ "What is one source of tension between the President and Congress?", "What is the role of impoundment during budget implementation?", "How are Presidents protesting the lack of control over federal spending?", "What is the Impoundment Control Act of 1974?", "How does the Impoundmen...

CRS_R45256

{ "title": [ "", "An Overview of Justice Kennedy's Jurisprudence", "Individual Liberty", "Structural Protections of the Constitution", "The Role of the Judiciary", "Justice Kennedy's Decisive Votes in Roberts Court-Era Cases", "Administrative Law", "Business Law", "Civil Rights", ...

{ "question": [ "What views did Justice Kennedy not subscribe to in entirety?", "What opinions did Justice Kennedy hold on personal freedom?", "Why was Justice Kennedy a supporter of separation of powers?", "What beliefs did Justice Kennedy hold about the importance of the Court in national affairs?",...

CRS_RL34493

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Current and Anticipated Applications", "U.S. Competitiveness Indicators", "Research and Development Investments24", "Public Investments", "Private Sector Investments", "Scientific Papers", "Output of Peer-Reviewed Papers", "Citations to Peer-Re...

{ "question": [ "Why is data not available for assessing nanotechnology that is available for other technologies?", "What is the result of this information not being available?", "What could provide insight into the U.S. position in nanotechnology?", "Why do people believe the U.S. leadership position...

GAO_GAO-12-402

{ "title": [ "Background", "Observations from Preliminary Work Identify Promising Practices and Potential Vulnerabilities", "Promising Practices", "Potential Vulnerabilities", "GAO’s Plans to Further Assess Controls and Perform Data Analysis as Part of Ongoing Work", "Agency Comments and Our E...

{ "question": [ "What do the promising practices to reduce risk of fraud within FECA include?", "How have these practices already been beneficial?", "What vulnerabilities have been found in FECA's design?", "How did labor and employing agencies feel about the findings in this report?", "Why has pr...

CRS_RL34729

{ "title": [ "", "Overview", "Major Themes", "\"Responsive Authoritarianism\"", "U.S. Government Policy", "The Obama Administration", "Congressional Actions", "Recent Developments", "Crackdown on Dissent", "Jasmine Revolution", "Nobel Laureate Liu Xiaobo", "Labor Issues...

{ "question": [ "What does this report examine?", "What human rights problems are in China?", "What groups are the victims of these problems?", "What has driven Chinese resistance to political reform?", "What do surveys suggest about Chinese people?", "How has Chinese society changed?", "W...

CRS_RL30395

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Composition of the Seasonal Farm Labor Force", "A Farm Labor Shortage?", "Underlying Assumptions", "Employment", "Unemployment", "Time Worked", "Hours Worked", "Days Worked", "Wages", "Conclusion" ], "paragraphs": [ "", "Que...

{ "question": [ "What is the connection between farm labor and immigration?", "What did Congress pass regarding immigration and employers?", "What did this Act include?", "Why has this act not operated in the way it was intended?", "What does the sizable presence of crop grower imply?", "What ...

CRS_R43749

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "History and Background of U.S. Drug Enforcement", "Late 19th Century–Early 20th Century", "The Harrison Act", "The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937", "Enforcement Changes", "Mid-20th Century", "Shifting Attitudes", "1970s: War on Drugs and the Control...

{ "question": [ "How has the US shifted its stated drug control policy?", "How does the US restrict and reduce availability of illicit drugs?", "How is spending towards US drug control split?", "How are drug laws enforced?", "How did arrests by the DEA and state and local law enforcement compare?"...

CRS_R43014

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Overarching Import Policy Goals", "Legislation in the 114th Congress", "Legislative History of U.S. Customs and Trade Facilitation, Enforcement, and Import Security Policies", "Major Trade Facilitation and Enforcement Legislation", "The \"Mod Act\" of 1993...

{ "question": [ "What is the purpose of CBP?", "What are the purposes of CBP's policies?", "What role does Congress have in CBP?", "What bills regarding CBP were dealt with in Congress?", "What principles are laws dealing with the CBP based on?", "What has Congress done since the 9/11 attacks?...

CRS_R44727

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Global Health Initiative", "Legislation", "Funding", "Results", "Feed the Future", "Legislation", "Funding", "Results", "Global Climate Change Initiative", "Legislation", "Funding", "Results", "Conclusion" ], "paragraphs...

{ "question": [ "What has Congress maintained strong interest in?", "How did the Obama Administration build its foreign assistance programming?", "What key initiatives did the Obama administration focus on?", "What were the purposes of these initiatives?", "What did these initiatives have in commo...

GAO_GAO-13-101

{ "title": [ "Background", "Financial Services Regulation", "Regulations and Federal Rulemaking", "Dodd-Frank Act Regulations", "Regulatory Analyses Provide Limited Information about Benefits and Costs of Chosen or Alternative Approaches", "Regulators Were Not Required to Assess Benefits and C...

{ "question": [ "Why do federal financial agencies coordinate on rulemakings?", "What did the Dodd-Frank Act require?", "What does GAO's review of selected rules show?", "What is an explanation for GAO's observation?", "What has the FSOC not yet implemented?", "How did GAO assess impact of Dod...

CRS_R44798

{ "title": [ "", "Background: Constitutional and Statutory Requirements", "Constitutional Provisions", "Voting Rights Act", "Section 2", "Section 5 Preclearance Rendered Inoperable", "Judicial Interpretation", "Equality Standard: One Person, One Vote", "Equal Protection and the Vot...

{ "question": [ "What does Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act prohibit?", "What can VRA require under special circumstances?", "How can the state withstand strict scrutiny when race is a predominant factor in drawing district lines?", "What has the Supreme Court's redistricting jurisprudence been trig...

GAO_GAO-16-39

{ "title": [ "GSA Has Largely Met Its Lead-Agency Responsibilities and Has Begun Implementing the Act for Its Own Employees", "GSA Has Completed Most of Its Requirements for Government-wide Implementation and Is Drafting an Interagency Framework for Collaboration", "GSA Has Begun Implementation of the Act...

{ "question": [ "To what extent has GSA met its lead-agency responsibilities?", "How has the GSA met its responsibilities?", "How is GSA still working to meet its responsibilities?", "Why has GSA drafted a charter for an interagency advisory board?", "How have agencies responded to the Act?", ...

GAO_GAO-19-252

{ "title": [ "Background", "Overview of the FHLBanks", "FHLBank Board of Directors", "FHFA’s Diversity-Related Requirements and Oversight of FHLBanks", "Our Previous Work on Diversity", "FHFA Has Taken Steps Since 2015 to Encourage Board Diversity at FHLBanks", "FHLBank Boards Increased Sh...

{ "question": [ "How has the share of women and minority directors on the boards of FHLBanks changed?", "Why are trends in the share of minority directors less well known than that of women directors?", "What does FHFA plan to use the board data for?", "To what extend could the completeness of the dat...

GAO_GAO-12-874

{ "title": [ "Background", "Types and Locations of Oil and Gas Reservoirs", "Federal Environmental and Public Health Laws Apply to Unconventional Oil and Gas Development but with Key Exemptions", "Eight Federal Environmental and Public Health Laws Apply to Unconventional Oil and Gas Development", ...

{ "question": [ "How have the states in GAO's review changed?", "What is the scope of these laws?", "What regulations restrict oil and gas development on federal lands?", "Do these regulations apply to both conventional and unconventional development?", "What does the Bureau of Land Management do?...

CRS_R44205

{ "title": [ "", "The Undue Burden Standard and Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey", "Admitting Privileges Requirement", "Ambulatory Surgical Center Requirement", "Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt" ], "paragraphs": [ "I n 2013, the Texas legislature passed House Bi...

{ "question": [ "What was the result of Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt?", "What was the effect of the two requirements?", "What is the general allowance of admitting privileges?", "What argument was made in favor of the requirements?", "What argument was made against the requirements?", "...

GAO_GAO-15-255

{ "title": [ "Background", "ICD Code Overview", "Usage of ICD Codes", "CMS Developed Transition Educational Materials, Modified Medicare Systems, and Assisted Medicaid Agencies", "CMS Developed Educational Materials, Conducted Outreach, and Assessed Covered Entity and Vendor Readiness", "CMS R...

{ "question": [ "How has CMS reacted to ICD-10?", "How has CMS prepared for ICD-10?", "What polices has CMS modified in preparation for ICD-10?", "What is CMS doing to ensure Medicaid agencies are ready for the transition to ICD-10?", "How are stakeholder organizations reacting the transition to I...

CRS_R43965

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Background", "Authorization and Uses", "Public Operators", "Customs and Border Protection", "Department of Justice", "Other Federal Uses", "State and Local Governmental Operations", "Private Operators", "Privacy Interests Implicated by UAS ...

{ "question": [ "When were drones first integrated into American airspace?", "How have federal laws regarding drones changed since then?", "What legislative changes have been made?", "How have US laws regarding drones changed since then?", "What privacy issues are raised by domestic drone use?", ...

GAO_GAO-14-699

{ "title": [ "Background", "Process for Developing Corps Projects", "Requirements for Corps Study and Construction Project Deauthorization", "The Corps Does Not Track All Construction Projects and Studies on Its Backlog", "The Corps Has Not Identified All Projects and Studies for Deauthorization o...

{ "question": [ "How thorough is the Corps's list of water resources construction projects?", "Why isn't this list complete?", "What steps are being taken to remedy this incompleteness?", "What impact will the incompleteness of this list have?", "How has the Corps responded to requirements to iden...

CRS_R41973

{ "title": [ "", "Choices Ahead for Policy Makers", "Conceptual Policy Approaches", "Research and \"Wait-and-See\"", "Science-Based Goals", "Economics-Based Approaches", "Cost-Benefit Approach", "Hedging or Insurance Policies", "Cost-Effectiveness and Other Concepts", "Incremen...

{ "question": [ "What causes climate change?", "What has caused the increase in concentrations of GHG?", "How much of this can be avoided?", "How does policy reduce the effects of climate change?", "What approaches might such proposals take?", "Which of these strategies is the best?", "Whi...

GAO_GAO-12-926T

{ "title": [ "Background", "Modernization of the Electricity Infrastructure", "Regulation of the Electricity Industry", "The Electricity Grid Is Potentially Vulnerable to an Evolving Array of Cyber-Based Threats", "Reported Incidents Illustrate the Potential Impact of Cyber Threats", "Actions ...

{ "question": [ "How have the threats to US cybersystems changed?", "What kind of threats are a concern?", "Who perpetrates these threats?", "What is the potential impact of these threats?", "Who has taken steps to address such concerns?", "What steps have been taken to address such concerns?"...

CRS_R45017

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Primer on Flood Policy and Federal Flood-Related Activities", "Evolution of Efforts to Address Flood Risk", "Federal Flood-Related Activities", "Flood Control", "Insurance, Land Use, and Standards", "Mitigation and Nonstructural and Green Infrastructur...

{ "question": [ "What does the NFIP require participating communities to develop?", "What else does the NFIP encourage communities to do?", "What are the programs that reduce flood risk?", "How has the federal role in responding to flooding changed since the 1960s?", "What public sentiments were p...

CRS_RL32483

{ "title": [ "", "Background to the Regional Haze Rule", "The Regional Haze Rule", "The Regional Haze Rule and Very Fine Particulates", "The Regional Haze Rule and the Clean Air Interstate Rule", "The Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR)24", "BART, CAIR, and Electric Generating Units", "De...

{ "question": [ "What is the goal of Section 169A of the Clean Air Act?", "How does the Clean Air Act reduce pollution?", "What kinds of pollution contribute to impairment of visibility?", "Why was the EPA directed to issue regulations?", "What was the effect of the EPA delaying issuing regional h...

GAO_GAO-18-250

{ "title": [ "Background", "BLM Headquarters, State, and Field Offices", "Lifecycle of Oil and Gas Wells", "BLM’s Bonding Regulations", "BLM’s 2012 Well Review and 2013 Bond Adequacy Review Policies", "BLM’s Actual Reclamation Costs and Potential Oil and Gas Well Liabilities Have Likely Increa...

{ "question": [ "What does GAO's analysis infer about BLM's actual costs?", "What did GAO's analysis of data show about BLM's liabilities for reclaiming oil and gas wells?", "What information is BLM's database missing?", "Why is the lack of information tracking an issue for BLM?", "Why was GAO una...

CRS_RL33054

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "The Labor Market Experiences of Older Displaced Workers", "The Incidence of Displacement", "The Post-Displacement Experience", "Duration of Unemployment Among the Reemployed", "The Rate of Reemployment", "Nonparticipation in the Labor Force", "Post...

{ "question": [ "What could happen to the United States that could greatly affect labor markets?", "What are the demographic changes?", "How are the changes expected to affect the dependency ratio?", "How can a rising dependency ratio be mitigated?", "What difficulties could older workers experien...

CRS_R43696

{ "title": [ "", "U.S. Agricultural Exports", "Economic and Other Factors in Agricultural Trade", "USDA's Agricultural Export Programs", "Market Development Programs", "Authorized Annual Funding Levels", "Market Access Program (MAP)20", "Foreign Market Development Program (FMDP)24", ...

{ "question": [ "Why are U.S. agricultural exports a bright spot in the U.S. balance of trade?", "Why has the trend of increasing sales and agricultural surplus reversed in recent years?", "Why is this trend of decreasing exports concerning for farm income?", "How do agricultural imports compare to ex...

CRS_R40989

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Organization of This Report", "U.S. Public Diplomacy Background", "Legislative Authority", "State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956", "United States Information and Education and Exchange Act of 1948", "Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange A...

{ "question": [ "How is public diplomacy defined?", "What are examples of public diplomacy activity?", "What was the purpose of the United States Information Agency during the Cold War?", "What happened to USIA after the Soviet Union dissolved?", "What were the effects of the 9/11 terror attacks o...

CRS_R45633

{ "title": [ "", "Overview", "Political and Security Dynamics", "May 2018 Election, Unrest, and Government Formation", "Seeking the \"Enduring Defeat\" of the Islamic State", "The Future of the Popular Mobilization Forces", "The Kurdistan Region and Relations with Baghdad", "Humanitari...

{ "question": [ "What happened after Iraq's government declared military victory against ISIS/ISIL?", "Why do 5,000 U.S. troops remain in Iraq?", "What are the responses to 5,000 U.S. troops remaining in Iraq?", "What was the purpose of Iraq's national elections in 2018?", "Why was it difficult fo...

CRS_R44591

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Cyprus—Slow to Use Its Gas4", "Aphrodite Field—A First Step", "Possibility of Additional Discoveries", "Turkish Relations", "Egypt—Domestic Demand Key9", "Domestic Gas Shortage", "Zohr Field—A Big Find", "Lebanon—Still Waiting16", "Possible...

{ "question": [ "What discovery altered the dynamics of the Eastern Mediterranean region?", "What did the discovery of large natural gas fields mean for Israel?", "What gas fields have been discovered in the region?", "Why are these gas field discoveries significant for Cyprus and Egypt?", "Why is...

GAO_GAO-13-354

{ "title": [ "Background", "Native American Veteran Demographics", "VA and IHS Structure and Benefits", "VA and IHS Collaboration through Memorandums of Understanding", "VA and IHS Tribal Consultation Policies", "Best Practices and Internal Control Standards for Interagency Collaboration and P...

{ "question": [ "What steps have VA and IHS taken to address the goals of the MOU?", "What are the shortcomings of the VA and IHS mechanisms to implement their MOU?", "How have the VA and IHS measured their progress toward the MOU's goals?", "To what extent have these metrics been effective?", "Wh...

GAO_GAO-14-439

{ "title": [ "Background", "Combatant Command Responsibilities", "Combatant Command Structure", "Military Service Supporting Responsibilities", "Other Combatant Command Funding", "Resources Devoted to the Functional Combatant Commands Have Grown Considerably over the Last Decade", "Authori...

{ "question": [ "Why did DOD initiate reductions to headquarters resources?", "What might negatively affect DOD's ability to cut costs in their headquarters operations?", "What was the outcome of GAO's report regarding these cost-saving measures?", "In what ways did GAO find that DOD's data led to ina...

GAO_GAO-19-489

{ "title": [ "Background", "DOD Has a Process for Implementing Acquisition-Related NDAA Provisions, but Does Not Clearly Communicate Implementation Status to Stakeholders", "DOD Implements Acquisition-Related NDAA Provisions in DFARS and by Other Methods", "DOD Reviews NDAAs to Identify Provisions Tha...

{ "question": [ "For what is the staff of the Defense Acquisition Regulations System responsible?", "What is the process by which the staff of the Defense Acquisition Regulations System work?", "How can DOD respond to these recommendations?", "How does DOD communicate to Congress, industry, and other ...

CRS_R44062

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Discretionary Spending Budget Enforcement", "FY2016 Discretionary Spending Limits", "FY2016 Statutory Discretionary Spending Limits", "Levels of Discretionary Spending Proposed in the President's Budget Submission", "Levels of Discretionary Spending Assume...

{ "question": [ "Under the congressional budget process, what are the sources of discretionary spending budget enforcement?", "What is the function of discretionary spending limits and budget enforcement?", "What kinds of spending are not subject to these limits?", "What is one factor that has affecte...

GAO_GAO-13-536

{ "title": [ "Background", "Performance Pay", "Performance Awards", "Performance-Related Personnel Actions", "VA’s Performance Pay Policy Has Gaps in Information Needed to Administer Performance Pay", "VA’s Policy Allows Discretion in the Establishment of Performance Pay Goals, but Lacks an Ov...

{ "question": [ "What does the VA's performance pay policy do?", "What areas does the pay policy cover?", "How effective is the performance pay policy?", "What are the gaps between the policy's understood purpose and its written policy?", "What are the shortcomings of the policy's goals?", "Wh...

CRS_R42671

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Background", "EPA's June 2012 Proposed Changes to the PM NAAQS", "Comparison of the June 2012 PM2.5 Annual Standard with Previous Promulgated and Proposed Alternative PM Standards", "Review Process Leading up to the June 2012 Proposed PM NAAQS", "Implement...

{ "question": [ "What was the EPA's 2012 response to the National Ambient Air Quality Standard?", "What prompted this response?", "How did EPA respond to these petitions?", "What have been the effects of the EPA's revision of NAAQS?", "What does the 2012 NAAQS proposal address?", "What is the ...

CRS_RL33686

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Member and Public Expectations", "Roles of Members of Congress", "Representation", "Legislation", "Constituency Service", "Oversight and Investigation", "Advice and Consent (Senators Only)", "Congressional Leadership", "Personal Office Mana...

{ "question": [ "What are the duties of a member of Congress?", "What formal requirements guide this work?", "Without formal authorities, how do congressional responsibilities evolve?", "On what kinds of responsibilities do newly elected congresspeople typically focus?", "What determines their pri...

GAO_GAO-17-42

{ "title": [ "Background", "CMS Applied the Revised Enrollment Screening Process to over 2.4 Million New Applications and Existing Records, and Estimated Avoiding $2.4 Billion in Medicare Payments to Ineligible Providers and Suppliers", "CMS Denied or Rejected over 23,000 New Applications and Deactivated ...

{ "question": [ "How has the CMS revised their screening process?", "How were automatic approvals changed?", "How will CMS further change their process?", "Why have they decided to wait to continue modifying?", "What is lacking in CMS monitoring of their screening process?", "Why is the CMS ha...

GAO_GAO-13-192

{ "title": [ "Background", "TARP Programs and Implementation", "Most Nonmortgage- Related Programs Continue to Wind Down", "Institutions’ Financial Strength and the Outcomes of Auctions Will Help Determine When Remaining Participants Exit CPP", "The Financial Strength of CDCI Participants Will Aff...

{ "question": [ "What assets did the Treasury manage in 2012?", "How was the Treasury dropping these nonmortgage-related TARPs?", "How will the Treasury continue this process?", "Why is the Treasury dropping these programs?", "How do nonmortgage-related TARP programs and TARP-funded mortgage prog...

CRS_R42637

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Rail Safety and PTC", "Signal Systems", "Rail-Related Fatalities", "Train Incidents and PTC Legislation", "The Basics of PTC", "Implementation", "Overseas Experience", "Cost and Benefits", "Safety Benefits from PTC-Preventable Incidents", ...

{ "question": [ "What is the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (RSIA08)?", "What is PTC?", "What is the goal of implementing PTC?", "What would PTC fail to do?", "How does the RSIA08 affect the PTC?", "What is the effect of this implementation?", "What is the progress of PTC use and impl...

CRS_R44468

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Brief Overview of Guidance Documents", "APA Rulemaking Requirements", "Procedures for Issuing Policy Statements", "Distinguishing Between Legislative Rules and Policy Statements", "Reviewability of Policy Statements", "Debate Concerning Potential Tensi...

{ "question": [ "How do agencies set regulatory policy?", "How do these documents differ from legislative rules?", "How are guidance documents regarded?", "What does this report cover?", "How does the type of agency policy affect judicial review?", "Why are legislative rules important?", "...

GAO_GAO-12-534

{ "title": [ "Background", "The United States Made Available an Estimated $13.9 Billion for Foreign Police Assistance during Fiscal Years 2009 through 2011", "Funds Made Available for U.S. Foreign Police Assistance Rose and Then Fell during Fiscal Years 2009 through 2011", "Other U.S. Agencies Also Ma...

{ "question": [ "How did US provide foreign police assistance FY2009 through FY2011?", "How did US foreign police assistance change from FY2009 to FY2011?", "How has most of the US foreign police assistance distributed?", "How did DOD and State funds provide for foreign police assistance?", "How h...

GAO_GAO-13-421

{ "title": [ "Background", "Data Indicate Most Agencies Have Not Consistently Complied with Mandated Requirements, Because of Improper Exclusions and Differing Methodologies", "Agency Data Indicate That Agencies Did Not Consistently Comply with Mandated Program Spending Requirements", "Agencies and SB...

{ "question": [ "How did agencies violate spending requirements in the SBIR and STTR programs?", "What parts of their spending did not comply?", "How does SBA guidance assist in noncompliance with spending requirements?", "How did this affect calculations?", "How will this guidance continue to aff...

CRS_RL34246

{ "title": [ "", "The Global Threat of Infectious Diseases", "Tuberculosis", "Global TB Statistics6", "HIV/AIDS and TB", "Drug Resistance to TB Treatments", "Multi-Drug Resistant TB (MDR-TB)", "Extensive Drug Resistant (XDR)-TB", "U.S. Global TB Efforts", "U.S. Agency for Inter...

{ "question": [ "What effect do infectious diseases have?", "What are recent outbreaks that have been concerning?", "How has air transportation changed the way infectious diseases are handled?", "How can this transportation cause spread?", "How has infectious disease caused more alarm?", "What...

GAO_GAO-13-83

{ "title": [ "Background", "NDF Authorities", "NDF Project Review and Approval Process", "NDF Projects", "NDF’s Authorities Provide It Significant Operational Flexibility, but under Its No-Year Budget Authority, NDF Has Not Determined Needed Carryover Balances", "NDF Used Its Notwithstanding A...

{ "question": [ "How does carryover affect the Department of State's (State) Nonproliferation and Disarmament Fund (NDF)?", "How has the NDF received their authorities?", "What authority affects NDF's undertaking of projects?", "How has this been used to fund some projects?", "What authority affec...

GAO_GAO-16-342

{ "title": [ "Background", "Over the Past 5 Fiscal Years, More than 100 DHS Employees Were on Administrative Leave for Personnel Matters for 1 Year or More", "Numerous Factors Affect the Length of Administrative Leave", "DHS’s Recently Issued Policy Increases Oversight of Administrative Leave but Does...

{ "question": [ "Why did DHS issue a leave policy?", "What does this policy clarify?", "How was this policy regarded by components?", "What do federal internal control standards address for agency controls?", "How does the new policy relate to this control?", "What was DHS reaction to evaluati...

GAO_GAO-12-799

{ "title": [ "Background", "State Has Improved the Consistency of Its Approach, but Unanticipated Events and Other Factors Contribute to Differences between Actual and Projected Staff Levels", "State Has Improved the Consistency of Its Rightsizing Reviews Since 2006", "Over Half of Staffing Projection...

{ "question": [ "What do rightsizing reviews contain recommendations for?", "How does M/PRI develop recommendations?", "What do State's recommendations focus on?", "How did State officials justify this?", "How do the agencies within State use rightsizing?", "How is the rightsizing process help...

GAO_GAO-19-288

{ "title": [ "Background", "Overview of the Remote Identity Proofing Process", "The Role of CRAs in Knowledge-Based Verification", "OMB and NIST Provide Guidance to Agencies on Information Security Management", "Selected Agencies Use a Variety of Remote Identity Proofing Techniques, Including Know...

{ "question": [ "What is remote identity proofing?", "How do agencies perform remote identity proofing?", "Why does the SSA perform remote identity proofing?", "What could stolen data be used for?", "How has the NIST responded to this concern?", "Why are other security methods more limited?", ...

GAO_GAO-13-222

{ "title": [ "Background", "Agencies’ Physical Security Programs Are Largely Informed by Institutional Knowledge and ISC Standards", "Agencies Use a Range of Management Practices to Oversee Physical Security Activities, but Make Limited Use of These Practices to Help Allocate Resources", "Agencies Use...

{ "question": [ "Where do agencies source information on developing physical security systems?", "How do ISC standards help ensure that agencies implement effective security practices?", "What factors hinder the effectiveness of ISC standards?", "How did the ISC respond to this concern?", "How cou...

CRS_RL31395

{ "title": [ "", "Recent Developments", "Background", "The Angolan Conflict in the 1990s 4", "Recent Fighting", "Cabinda/FLEC", "Recent Political Developments", "Forthcoming Elections", "Dos Santos Candidacy", "Political Landscape Shifts", "Death of Savimbi", "Post-Savi...

{ "question": [ "What was signed on April 4, 2002?", "How did a prior law help promote peaceful relations?", "What event triggered the passing of this agreement?", "How is UNITA currently organized?", "What did dos Santos indicate in 2001?", "How might de Santos return to the political sphere?...

CRS_RL33286

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Background", "FRA's Train Horn Rule", "Requirements for Establishing Quiet Zones", "Impacts of the Rule", "Continuing Issues", "Preemption of Local Decision-Making", "Federal Funding for Grade-Crossing Safety Improvements", "The Role of Motoris...

{ "question": [ "Why did numerous US communities impose bans on the sounding of train whistles at grade crossings in the 1970s?", "What did a 1990 FRA study of train whistle bans reveal?", "How did Congress respond to the results of this study?", "How has the number of deaths from grade-crossing colli...

GAO_GAO-16-220

{ "title": [ "Background", "The Role and Economic Value of Bees", "Bee Population Trends", "Factors Affecting Bee Health", "Effects of Bee Losses on Agriculture and Ecosystems", "Specific Roles and Responsibilities of USDA and EPA in Addressing Bee Health Issues", "Selected USDA Agencies C...

{ "question": [ "How is the USDA involved in the protection of bees?", "What limitations hamper the USDA's abilities to protect bees?", "What might have contributed to the USDA's failure to efficiently protect bees?", "What key practices does previous GAO work recommend?", "How might the developme...

GAO_GAO-13-60

{ "title": [ "Background", "Employment Conditions of Military Spouses", "DOD Employment Assistance Programs and Other Efforts to Help Military Spouses", "DOD Has Initiated Programs and Is Developing Guidance for Collaboration", "DOD Currently Cannot Measure the Effectiveness of Its Programs, but E...

{ "question": [ "What steps has the DOD recently taken to help military spouses obtain employment?", "What are the DOD's goals for these programs?", "What alternative support programs could military spouses make use of?", "What issues has GAO discovered with the DOD's military spouse support programs?...

GAO_GAO-18-544

{ "title": [ "Background", "IRS Management of RRP", "The Return Review Program Aims to Detect, Select, and Prevent Invalid Refunds More Accurately and Efficiently", "Detection: RRP Uses Multiple Data Sources and Predictive Models, Among Other Techniques, to Detect Suspicious Returns", "Selection: ...

{ "question": [ "From what sources could the IRS collect more information electronically?", "What alternative approaches has the IRS considered?", "What did the IRS request from Congress?", "What methods/programs could the IRS apply in order to improve tax enforcement activities?", "To what extent...

CRS_R40477

{ "title": [ "", "A Primer on Desalination", "Recent Congressional Consideration", "Federal Desalination Research", "Research Agenda", "Evolution of Federal Research Funding", "Desalination Adoption in the United States", "Energy Concerns and Responses", "Reducing Energy Intensity ...

{ "question": [ "How are desalination and membrane technologies used in the United States?", "How much of a part do desalination facilities play in municipal/industrial freshwater use?", "What is the main issue for Congress vis-à-vis their role in supporting desalination?", "What specific desalination...

GAO_GAO-19-563T

{ "title": [ "Background", "SBA Has Implemented One of the Three Changes Made by the 2015 NDAA", "SBA Has Not Fully Addressed Deficiencies in Oversight and Program Implementation", "Federal Contracts to WOSB Set-Asides Remain Relatively Small", "GAO Contact and Acknowledgments" ], "paragraphs"...

{ "question": [ "What changes were made to the Women-Owned Small Business Program?", "What aspects of the WOSB remain unchanged?", "What was the third change in the NDAA?", "Why was the WOSB program created?", "What criteria must a firm meet in order to participate in the WOSB program?", "What...

CRS_R41590

{ "title": [ "", "Background: Recent Federal Support", "Can Marine Highways Deliver Tangible Benefits?", "Short-Distance Ferries", "Upriver Inland Port", "Characteristics of a Sustainable Container-on-Barge Service", "Prospects for Federally Funded COB Services", "Coastal Feeder Servic...

{ "question": [ "For what reason would a change of freight traffic from roads to river/coastal waterway be necessary?", "What are waterways carryings right now?", "What are roadways being used for?", "Given the current use of waterways, how could one state their current level of busyness?", "What ...

GAO_GAO-14-78

{ "title": [ "Background", "DOE Has Performed About $2 Billion of Work under the WFO Program Annually, but the Amount and Sponsors of Work Varied Among Laboratories", "Amount of Work Performed under the WFO Program Has Been About $2 Billion Annually", "Type, or Sponsors, of WFO Projects Performed Vari...

{ "question": [ "What was the rate of change of performed WFO projects?", "How were the 6,500 WFO projects spread out in 2012?", "What kind of work was done in a WFO?", "How deep is the lack of DOE oversight on the WFO program?", "What bars most the laboratories from being able to develop budget p...

CRS_R44101

{ "title": [ "", "Layers of the Internet", "Accessing and Navigating the Dark Web", "Communicating On (and About) the Dark Web", "Navigating the Deep Web and Dark Web", "Is the Dark Web Anonymous?", "Why Anonymize Activity?", "Online Privacy", "Illegal Activity and the Dark Web", ...

{ "question": [ "To what extent is internet content accessible through typical searches?", "What is the name for content that cannot be accessed by search engines?", "Is all Deep Web content purposely concealed?", "What activity is typical of the Dark Web?", "Why has the Dark Web become of intere...

CRS_R41972

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Statutory Framework of OPA", "Liability", "Determination of Damages", "Trustees", "Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund", "The NRDA Process Under the OPA Regulations", "Preassessment Phase", "Restoration Planning Phase", "Injury Assessment", ...

{ "question": [ "What were the effects of the 2010 Deep Horizon Oil Spill?", "What is the Oil Pollution Act?", "How does the Oil Pollution Act affect state property?", "What authorization does OPA allow governments?", "What types of damage are covered under the OPA?", "Is there a limit for lia...

CRS_R44708

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "The Commercial Space Industry", "Satellites", "Launch Services and Vehicles", "Launch Services", "Launch Vehicles", "Ground Systems", "Space-Related Products and Services", "Insurance", "New Entrants Change the Industry", "U.S. Governme...

{ "question": [ "How is NASA planning to support the commercial launch industry?", "Why is NASA planning to support the commercial launch industry?", "Why are space-related companies attracting more funding now?", "Why are these new companies interested in space?", "How is the commercial space ind...

CRS_RL33935

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Data on CEO Pay", "The Economics of Executive Pay", "How Executive Compensation Is Set", "Executive Pay in the Neo-Classical World", "The Principal-Agent Problem and the Free-Rider Problem", "The \"Managerial Power\" Critique of the Neo-Classical Model...

{ "question": [ "How has CEO compensation changed over time?", "Why could this change be cause for public concern?", "Why is it difficult to determine whether CEO pay is excessive across the board?", "Why is an upward trend in pay insufficient proof of an inefficient market?", "How can executive p...

CRS_R44187

{ "title": [ "", "The Technology Boundary: A Perennial Issue", "Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA)", "Crypto Wars", "Law Enforcement Use of Cell Phone Data", "Current Debate", "Major Components: Communications and Stored Data", "Real-Time Access to Encrypted Comm...

{ "question": [ "Why must law enforcement work to keep pace as time goes on?", "How have interconnectivity and technology created challenges for law enforcement?", "How have technological advances directly impacted law enforcement's effectiveness?", "How has technology affected law enforcement over ti...