launch/gov_report_qs · Datasets at Hugging Face

doc_id stringlengths 10 16	document_sections dict	question_summary_pairs dict
CRS_RL33529	{ "title": [ "", "Overview: U.S.-India Relations", "Notable Developments in 2011", "Early Obama Administration Engagement", "June 2010 Strategic Dialogue", "President Obama's November 2010 Visit to India", "A Permanent U.N. Security Council Seat for India?", "Reactions to the President...	{ "question": [ "How important is South Asia to U.S. foreign policy interests?", "Which country in particular is seen as an “indispensable partner” to the United States?", "How has the U.S. developed ties with India?", "What security commitments have the U.S. and India made?", "How has U.S. - Indi...
CRS_R43492	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Review of Sanctions Imposed", "U.S. Sanctions: 1979-2006", "U.N. Sanctions: 2006-2010", "Multinational Sanctions: 2010 to the Present", "Debate Over Achievements of Sanctions", "Temporary Sanctions Relief During JPA Period", "The Way Forward: Poten...	{ "question": [ "How have the sanctions imposed on Iran affected its nuclear program?", "How have sanctions affected Iranian foreign policy?", "How effective have sanctions against Iran been overall?", "How has the interim nuclear deal of 2013 affected the sanctions?", "What will likely be the nex...
CRS_R45481	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "\"Affirmative Action\" as Affirmative Obligation: Dismantling De Jure Segregation", "De Jure Segregation in Higher Ed and the Equal Protection Clause", "Segregated Colleges and Universities Before 1954", "The Affirmative Duty to Eliminate De Jure Segregation i...	{ "question": [ "How is affirmative action in public education related to the Fourteenth Amendment?", "What precedent did United States v. Fordice?", "What framework did the Court establish to evaluate the efficiency of this affirmative action?", "To what extent are mandatory race-conscious measures p...
CRS_RS21238	{ "title": [ "", "Political Background", "Human Rights", "Economic Developments", "Oil and Gas", "Foreign Policy and Defense", "Terrorism and Unrest", "The 2005 Violence in Andijon, Uzbekistan", "U.S. Relations", "Contributions to Counter-Terrorism", "" ], "paragraphs":...	{ "question": [ "How did Uzbekistan gain independence?", "Why could Uzbekistan potentially become a regional power?", "What leadership in the country stayed the same following the country’s independence?", "What policies has Karimov pursued?", "When did the U.S. forge ties with Uzbekistan?", "...
GAO_GAO-13-534	{ "title": [ "Background", "M&O Contractors Differ in How They Allocate Indirect Costs, and Efforts to Standardize Cost Reporting May Provide Limited Improvements", "Differences in How M&O Contractors Allocate Indirect Costs Limit the Comparability of Program Costs across Laboratories", "DOE and NNSA ...	{ "question": [ "How do NNSA managing and operating contractors classify indirect costs?", "How does this compare to Cost Accounting Standards?", "How are DOE and NNSA mitigating the limitations of current cost data?", "How will DOE use the information from this initiative?", "How does NNSA ensure...
GAO_GAO-17-135	{ "title": [ "Background", "LPTV and Translator Stations Provide Programming and Information That Might Not Be Available to Over-the- Air Viewers after the Auction", "LPTV and Translator Stations Are Diverse in Their Programming and Owned by Various Types of Entities", "Number of Stations and Communit...	{ "question": [ "To what extent are LPTV stations and translator stations still in use in the United States and its territories?", "How may the FCC's incentive auction affect LPTV and translator stations?", "How do auctions affect the spectrum?", "To what extent has the FCC acknowledged the effect the...
GAO_GAO-15-532T	{ "title": [ "NNSA Faces Challenges Implementing Its Plans to Modernize the Nuclear Security Enterprise", "NNSA Does Not Fully Understand the Causes of Its Contract and Project Management Problems and Appears Resistant to Implementing GAO’s Recommendations", "NNSA’s Continued Corrective Actions Suggest It...	{ "question": [ "What does GAO's 2015 high risk report note?", "What are the implications of this pattern?", "What has GAO done to correct this?", "Has NNSA followed these recommendations?", "What does this indicate?", "What has the NNSA made progress in?", "What challenges does the NNSA f...
GAO_GAO-14-596T	{ "title": [ "Background", "OMB Has Launched Major Initiatives for Overseeing Investments", "Opportunities Exist to Improve Acquisition and Management of IT Investments", "GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments" ], "paragraphs": [ "Information technology should enable government to better serve...	{ "question": [ "What did GAO find in 2011?", "What did GAO find in a recent report?", "What did GAO make recommendations for?", "How did agencies respond to these recommendations?", "What does OMB's key reform emphasize?", "How has this reform impacted requirements for agency investments?", ...
CRS_R40929	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Context", "History of Federal Youth Employment and Job Training Programs8", "Depression Era", "War on Poverty Programs", "Expanding Youth Programs", "Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) and Youth Employment and Demonstrations Project Act (...	{ "question": [ "Why is Congress particularly interested in today's youth?", "Why are policymakers concerned that the youth may be unprepared for these roles?", "How do employment rates compound this concern?", "Which youth populations are most at risk?", "What have federal job training and employ...
GAO_GAO-18-696T	{ "title": [ "Background", "Interoperability: An Overview", "VA and DOD Have a Long History of Efforts to Achieve Electronic Health Record Interoperability", "The Interagency Program Office Has Not Functioned as the Single Point of Accountability for VA and DOD’s Efforts to Increase Electronic Health ...	{ "question": [ "What was the Interagency Program Office assigned responsibility for in 2009?", "What did GAO report in 2011?", "What did GAO recommend to amend these deficiencies?", "What did VA and DOD commit to in 2011?", "How did this commitment change in 2013?", "What did GAO recommend in...
CRS_RL31720	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Energy Policy Since the 1973-74 Arab Embargo", "The Period of Oil Price Controls", "The Early Effects of a Market-Oriented Energy Policy", "Other Responses to the Disruptions of the 1970s and 1980s", "The Challenge Faced by Policymakers", "An Energy Po...	{ "question": [ "Despite passage of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, what remains a major legislative issue?", "How did Hurricanes Katrina and Rita impact the energy industry in Texas and Louisiana?", "How did demand for oil change following EPACT's enactment?", "Why does interest in energy policy remai...
CRS_R42452	{ "title": [ "", "Background", "Federal Timber Harvests", "Payments for Counties", "Secure Rural Schools Act", "Title I of H.R. 4019", "Section 101. Definitions", "Section 102. County, Schools, and Revenue Trust", "Section 103. Opt-Out Option", "Section 104. Determination of An...	{ "question": [ "What has the USFS done since 1908?", "How has the BLM similarly paid?", "Why did the volume of these payments change in the 1990s?", "How did Congress attempt to respond to this?", "What has the 112th Congress considered to address this issue?", "How would H.R 4019 address thi...
CRS_R44592	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Sage-Grouse Breeding and Biology", "Threats to Sage-Grouse Habitat", "How Does ESA Work?", "How Do Different Types of Conservation Agreements Qualify to Avoid Listing?", "Chronology of Petitions and FWS Sage-Grouse Action26", "Why Did FWS Decide Not to...	{ "question": [ "What did the FWS do in October 2015?", "Why did the FWS conclude this?", "What was the impact of this conclusion?", "What did these efforts include?", "What happened after FWS decided not to list sage-grouse?", "How did other federal agencies and other levels of government car...
CRS_R40449	{ "title": [ "", "Background", "Use of Hormones in Meat Production", "The EU Beef Hormone Ban", "Hormone Dispute in the WTO", "Overview of WTO Proceedings", "Role of Scientific Reviews in the Dispute", "EU Reviews", "U.S. Response to EU Reviews", "U.S. Trade Sanctions and Retal...	{ "question": [ "What did the EU adopt restrictions on in 1981?", "How was this extended in 1989?", "What did this ban cover?", "How was this ban amended in 2003?", "What did the US do as part of this dispute?", "What tariffs did the US impose in 1989?", "What additional action did the US ...
CRS_RL32801	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Regulatory Flexibility Act", "Implementation of the Section 610 Requirements", "GAO Reviews of Section 610: 1997-1999", "Issues Affecting Section 610 Implementation", "Agencies' Section 610 Reviews in 2004", "GAO's 2007 Report on \"Lookback\" Reviews",...	{ "question": [ "What does the implementation history of Section 610 of the RFA offer?", "What actions has Congress taken to address implementation of the RFA and Section 610?", "What challenge does Congress face?", "How can implementation of the lookback requirement be improved?" ], "summary": [ ...
CRS_R44979	{ "title": [ "", "Background", "Political Situation", "Migration", "Terrorism", "Kosovo's Economy", "Relations with Serbia", "Territorial Adjustment", "Relations with the European Union", "Relations with the United States" ], "paragraphs": [ "", "During the medieval...	{ "question": [ "What allowed countries of former Yugoslavia to pursue reform and adopt Western values?", "How did these countries pursue and adopt Western values?", "How are these countries continuing to pursue and adopt Western values?", "Why is Kosovo important?", "How has Kosovo become a stabl...
GAO_GAO-12-749	{ "title": [ "Background", "Financial Eligibility for Medicaid Coverage for Long-Term Care", "States Required Applicants to Document Most Assets, but What Was Considered Acceptable Proof Varied", "All States Obtained Some Amount of Asset Information from Third Parties, and No State Had Implemented an ...	{ "question": [ "How did states vary in how they obtained third party information for Medicaid?", "Why was AVS not fully implemented by states?", "What did officials from CMS tell GAO?", "Why is it unclear whether states obtained sufficient information to implement DRA provisions?", "How has uncer...
GAO_GAO-13-412T	{ "title": [ "Background", "ISCD Has Assigned Thousands of Facilities to Tiers, but ISCD’s Approach to Risk Assessment Does Not Reflect All Risk Elements", "ISCD Has Tiered Thousands of High-Risk Chemical Facilities and Resolved Some Problems Using Its Risk Assessment Approach to Assign Tiers", "ISCD’...	{ "question": [ "What tasks have the ISCD in DHS assigned since 2007?", "What is the problem with the way ISCD assessed risk?", "How is ISCD reexamining its risk assessment?", "Why is ISCD's risk assessment approach important?", "Despite ISCD revising its process, what problem exists?", "Why i...
CRS_R41023	{ "title": [ "", "Recent Developments", "Current Conditions", "Preliminary Numbers at a Glance", "Haitian Government Response", "The Government's New Action Plan", "Extra-Constitutional Rule Begins after May 10", "U.N. Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH)17", "", "Humanita...	{ "question": [ "What consequences has the largest earthquake in Haiti caused?", "How is Haiti recovering from the earthquake?", "What role had the international community played in Haiti's development prior to the earthquake?", "How will Haiti continue to recover?", "How was the U.S. involved in ...
GAO_GAO-16-243	{ "title": [ "Background", "Key Federal Agencies Have Taken Various Actions to Address Electromagnetic Risks to the Grid; Some Actions Align with the 2008 EMP Commission Recommendations", "Federal Agencies Have Taken Actions to Address Electromagnetic Risks to the Grid", "Some Actions Taken by DHS and...	{ "question": [ "What actions have agencies taken to address electromagnetic risks to the electric grid?", "What have the DHS, the DOE, and the FERC done to address these risks?", "What did GAO find about the actions?", "How did these actions align with EMP Commission recommendations?", "How do ag...
CRS_R44011	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "A Short History of Diffuse Legislation", "Threat of Invasive Species", "Geographic Origins of Non-native Species", "Unusually Susceptible Habitats", "Pathways of Invasion", "Coordinating Science", "Predicting an Invasion: Black and White?", "Me...	{ "question": [ "How were invasive species first transferred to North America?", "Specifically, what sorts of species were transferred?", "What was the initial response to non-native invasive species?", "Why did the response to invasive species change?", "Why has the response to invasive species b...
GAO_GAO-12-136	{ "title": [ "Background", "NQF’s Contract with HHS", "NQF Made Progress on Projects under Each of Its Contract Activities but Has Not Met Expected Time Frames and Has Exceeded Cost Estimates", "NQF Made Progress on Projects under Each of the Contract Activities as of August 31, 2011", "NQF Did No...	{ "question": [ "What issues are there with NQF's retooled measures?", "Why might it be risky for HHS to use these retooled measures?", "To what extent had HHS planned to use NQF’s retooled measures?", "What have HHS officials told GAO regarding the remaining HHS measures?", "What has HHS still no...
CRS_R42690	{ "title": [ "", "Background", "Legal Issues", "Are ICE's Detainer Regulations and Practices Within Its Statutory Authority?", "Are States and Localities Required to Comply with Immigration Detainers?", "Who Has Custody of Aliens Subject to Detainers?", "Do Detainer Practices Violate Alien...	{ "question": [ "What is the purpose of an \"immigration detainer\"?", "How have ICE and INS used detainers?", "What program raised questions about detainers?", "What did this program rely upon?", "How does PEP moot questions raised by detainers?", "How did Congress amend the INA to address de...
CRS_R44697	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Brief Legislative History", "1960s-1970s", "1980s-1990s", "VHA Eligibility, Enrollment, and Long-Term Care", "Overview of VHA Eligibility", "VHA Enrollment", "Veterans and Long-Term Care", "VHA Organization and Long-Term Care", "Overview of...	{ "question": [ "What is the VHA?", "What services does the VHA provide?", "Besides the VHA, what entity is a federal payer of long-term care services?", "What has the VA been authorized to provide to eligible veterans through P.L. 88-450?", "What did P.L. 91-101 and P.L. 93-82 do?", "What did...
GAO_GAO-12-881	{ "title": [ "Background", "Community Banks and Credit Unions Have Declined in Number but Remain Important for Small Businesses and Agriculture", "Changes in Regulation and Other Factors Have Led to the Consolidation of Many Community Banks and Credit Unions", "Compared with Larger Banks, Community Ba...	{ "question": [ "Why has there been a decline in the number of banks under $10 billion in assets and credit unions?", "Despite the decline, to what entities and people do these banks remain important?", "To what extent have these banks declined?", "How could banks save costs?", "What is the relati...
GAO_GAO-15-48	{ "title": [ "Background", "Budget Authority and Collections", "Agency Flexibility Regarding Uses of Funding from Alternative Sources", "Budgetary Resources and Government Financial Statements", "About 15 Percent of DOJ’s Total Budgetary Resources Comes from Alternative Sources of Funding, and Law...	{ "question": [ "How does funding from sources such as fines or fees impact the DOJ's budget resources?", "What kinds of funding sources does the Department of Justice have?", "How did spending vary from source to source?", "What makes up the fees collected by the CJIS division for providing non-crimi...
GAO_GAO-13-570	{ "title": [ "Background", "Our Interviews at Health and Human Services Agencies", "Our Interviews at Labor Agencies", "Our Interviews at Agriculture Agencies", "Federal Managers Reported That, Where Available, Evaluations Had Helped Improve Programs", "Most Managers Lacked Recent Evaluations ...	{ "question": [ "How often do federal managers evaluate programs?", "Why should managers complete evaluations of programs?", "How do evaluations help improve programs?", "What factor did federal managers find to be most hindering?", "What other factors did managers find hindering?", "What issu...
GAO_GAO-12-800	{ "title": [ "Background", "Relevant Orders and Regulations", "Position Designation Process", "Personnel Security Clearance and Suitability Reforms", "The Executive Branch Has Not Issued Clearly Defined Policy Guidance for Determining When a Federal Civilian Position Needs a Security Clearance", ...	{ "question": [ "What responsibilities does Executive Order 13467 assign DNI?", "What has DNI not provided agencies with to date?", "What are agencies using in absence of DNI guidance?", "What problems does this tool pose?", "How did an April 2012 audit reveal problems in implementing OPM’s tool?"...
CRS_R41233	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction to the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)", "Overview and Trends in HUD Funding", "FY2011 Appropriations", "Actions in the 111th Congress", "President's Budget", "House Action", "Senate Action", "Continuing Resolutions", "Actions in...	{ "question": [ "What is HUD responsible for?", "How does HUD request funding?", "What jurisdiction does funding for HUD fall under?", "How did appropriations for HUD changed prior to FY2011?", "What caused these changes?", "Why did HUD need more funding?", "How did the President's budget ...
CRS_R45150	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "The President's FY2019 Budget Request", "Federal R&D Funding Perspectives", "Federal R&D by Agency", "Federal R&D by Character of Work, Facilities, and Equipment", "Federal Role in U.S. R&D by Character of Work", "Federal R&D by Agency and Character of...	{ "question": [ "Why was the final FY2018 funding compiled of various sources?", "How does this report compare the preceding and following year reports?", "How will this report gather the necessary information?", "What is the current status of this report?", "What happened after the President’s bu...
GAO_GAO-14-728T	{ "title": [ "Background", "Most FAA Initiatives to Improve Its Aircraft Certification and Approval Process Are on Track", "Most Initiatives Are on Track for Meeting Planned Completion Milestones", "Some Initiatives Will Not Meet or Are at Risk of Not Meeting Planned Milestones", "Most Certificati...	{ "question": [ "How is the Aircraft Certification Service used by the FAA?", "What types of initiatives are Aircraft Certification implementing?", "To what extent are these initiatives expected to be completed on time?", "What challenges do these initiatives face regarding being completed in a timely...
CRS_R43323	{ "title": [ "", "Most Recent Legislative Action", "Budgetary Context: BCA Spending Caps", "Sequestration Flexibility in FY2014 and FY2013 Experience", "Sequestration Alternatives in FY2014", "Alternatives under Current Law", "Legislative Proposals", "DOD Forecast of FY2014 BCA Impact"...	{ "question": [ "How did Congress attend to the FY2014 Authorization and Appropriations?", "How did this bill directly oppose the regulations set by the BCA of 2011?", "How did the President's request violate previous acts of Congress?", "How did the Senate change the original request by the President...
CRS_R42357	{ "title": [ "", "What Is the \"Farm Bill\"?", "Report Organization and Contributors", "Budget Situation and Outlook", "Farm Economy and International Environment", "Farm Safety Net Programs", "Program Design and Operation", "Commodity Programs", "Crop Insurance", "Disaster Ass...	{ "question": [ "How does Congress address agricultural policy?", "What will Congress do to address the current bill which addresses agricultural policy?", "What was the extent of the 2008 agricultural bill?", "How has modern agriculture spurred change to how Congress addresses agricultural policy?", ...
CRS_R43361	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Legislative Background", "Comparison of Current Laws", "Leahy Vetting in Practice22", "The Vetting Process", "U.S. Embassy Procedures", "Headquarters Level", "Additional Review and Conclusion", "Vetting Results and Their Use", "Vetting Pers...	{ "question": [ "How has Congress' interest in foreign human rights changed in recent years?", "What has Congress done to implement policy on foreign human rights?", "How were the Leahy laws first sponsored?", "What does the first Leahy amendment stipulate?", "What does the second Leahy law specif...
CRS_RL33246	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction1", "Implementation Status", "Implementation Issues", "Reading First Implementation Evaluation: Interim Report", "Center on Education Policy Reports", "February 2007 GAO Report16", "Scientifically Based Research and Reading First", "Scientifically Base...	{ "question": [ "Why was the Reading First program created?", "What was the extent of the progress of the program across the United States in the early years of the program's implementation?", "How are the results of the Reading First program seen as positively impacting education in the United States?", ...
CRS_R41345	{ "title": [ "", "Status of Legislation", "Continuing Appropriations", "Appropriation", "National Defense Authorization", "Title I: Department of Defense", "Military Construction", "Key Budget Issues", "Planning Future Construction: the Quadrennial Defense Review", "Base Realig...	{ "question": [ "What is the Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies appropriations bill responsible for?", "How does the bill assist with military family housing?", "How does the Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies appropriations bill assist with health car...
CRS_R45015	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Agency Origins and Authority: A Brief History", "E.O. 11625—Expanding Agency Role", "Rebranding the Agency", "Evolving Delivery System", "Global Competitiveness", "Current Programs and Funding Structure", "Business Center Program", "Funding His...	{ "question": [ "What is the Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) responsible for?", "How was the MBDA originally established?", "What is the overall mission of the MBDA?", "How does the MBDA carry out their mission?", "How does the government divide power over the MBDA, and why is this the...
GAO_GAO-13-696T	{ "title": [ "Background", "Historical Challenges EPA Has Faced Regulating Chemicals under TSCA", "Obtaining Adequate Information on Chemical Toxicity and Exposure", "Banning or Limiting Chemicals", "Disclosure of Chemical Data", "EPA Has Made Progress to Implement Its New Approach to Managing...	{ "question": [ "Why does the EPA have a limited number of banned chemicals?", "What is the extent of the agency's power in terms of banning dangerous chemicals?", "What is an example of the EPA's difficulties?", "Why is it not certain that the EPA will take the necessary steps to identify all of the ...
GAO_GAO-17-384	{ "title": [ "Background", "VA Relies Extensively on IT", "VHA Has Responsibility for the Identification of Its IT Needs", "VA’s and VHA’s IT Environment Faces Challenges", "Key IT Management Processes Are Partially Consistent with Leading Practices", "IT Strategic Plans Identify Goals, but La...	{ "question": [ "What did GAO's review reveal?", "Why have VA business needs remained unresolved?", "Why is it important for the VA to address their business needs?", "What services does VHA provide?", "What budget resources does the VHA manage?", "What aspects of VHA did GAO review?", "Ho...
CRS_R45310	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Tariffs as the Origin of the Trade Aid Package", "Trade Aid Package Authority", "Trade Aid Package Implementation", "Market Facilitation Program", "Who Qualifies for a Payment?", "USDA Determination of MFP Per-Unit Payment Rates", "How Will Farm-Le...	{ "question": [ "How has USDA helped farmers with trade damages?", "What assistance did USDA provide?", "What is the goal of this aid package?", "What does the aid package consist of?", "How will the MFP be administered?", "How can producers become eligible for the payments?", "How can pro...
CRS_R40803	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Background", "Process Patents", "Case Law Concerning Patentable Subject Matter", "Bilski v. Kappos", "The Federal Circuit's Opinion", "The Supreme Court's Opinion", "The Opinion of the Court", "Bilski's Process Claims Are Unpatentable", "Ma...	{ "question": [ "What is the origin of federal patent law?", "What is eligible for patent protection?", "How has the scope of eligibility been expanded?", "How did the Federal Circuit's Bilski opinion alter this definition?", "What criticisms have been raised about this standard?", "How has th...
CRS_R40435	{ "title": [ "", "What are Deficits?", "Understanding Deficit Projections in the CBO Baseline", "Current Conditions", "Recent Policies and Their Effects on the Deficit", "Economic Stimulus Act of 2008", "Housing and Economic Recovery", "Troubled Assets Relief Program", "Extension o...	{ "question": [ "How did the national budget deficit change in FY2008?", "What was the projected deficit in FY2009?", "What were projected deficits for future years?", "What are the causes of these expanded deficits?", "How can deficits affect fiscal policy?", "How do governments make use of d...
CRS_R44467	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "What are Drug Courts?", "Expansion of Drug Courts", "Federal Drug Courts", "Federal Drug Courts and the 21st Century Cures Act", "Veterans Treatment Courts", "Federal Support for Drug Courts", "Drug Court Discretionary Grant Program", "Grants f...	{ "question": [ "How has the formal drug policy of the United States changed?", "How does this relate to the proliferation of drug courts?", "What are the goals of drug courts?", "What are drug courts?", "What are the goals of drug courts?", "How are drug courts used in the justice system?", ...
CRS_R42941	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "The Federal Medical Assistance Percentage", "How FMAP Rates Are Calculated", "Data Used to Calculate State FMAP Rates", "Factors that Affect FMAP Rates", "FY2014 Regular FMAP Rates", "FMAP Exceptions", "Recent Issues", "FMAP Changes in the ACA"...	{ "question": [ "What is the purpose of the FMAP formula?", "What was the range for FMAP rates in FY2014?", "How are FMAP rates used?", "How does the ACA address major disasters?", "To what extent has this provision been used?", "How has the formula for disaster-recovery adjusted FMAP been mod...
CRS_R40910	{ "title": [ "", "Overview", "Background", "Two Tracks on the Way to Copenhagen: One Agreement or Two?", "Key Topics Under Negotiation", "A Shared Long-Term Vision to 2050", "Obligations to Mitigate GHG Emissions", "Mid-Term Targets for GHG Reductions", "Common but Differentiated C...	{ "question": [ "How are nations addressing climate change cooperatively?", "How were these negotiations supposed to end?", "What will the role of the Copenhagen outcome be?", "What are the goals of the negotiations?", "What steps are required to meet the objectives?", "How does the principle ...
CRS_R44319	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Scope of the Report", "A Note on Terminology", "Why Campaign Finance Enforcement Might Matter to Congress", "Latest Congressional Activity", "The FEC: A Brief Overview", "The Enforcement Process in Brief", "Overview and Initial Steps", "Timing ...	{ "question": [ "What responsibilities does the FEC have?", "To what extent are the agency's actions controversial?", "Why is enforcement critical?", "To what extent is FEC enforcement effective?", "What debates have arisen over enforcement issues?", "How well-staffed are FEC enforcement posit...
CRS_R40834	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "How the Health Insurance Industry Developed", "How the \"Blues\" Began", "Tax Advantages For Employer-Provided Health Insurance Benefits", "Commercial Insurers Enter", "Introduction of Medicare and Medicaid", "The Rise of Managed Care", "Blurring D...	{ "question": [ "What does the market structure of the U.S. health insurance industry reflect?", "What did many commercial insurers doubt before World War II?", "Why did commercial health insurers begin offering health coverage?", "How had the market changed by the 1950s?" ], "summary": [ "The...
GAO_GAO-16-31	{ "title": [ "Background", "Characteristics of Dual- Eligible Beneficiaries", "Past Initiatives to Coordinate Care for Dual- Eligible Beneficiaries", "Financial Alignment Demonstration: Design and Implementation, Care Coordination, and Sources of Potential Savings", "Design and Implementation of t...	{ "question": [ "How were the integrated care organizations interviewed by GAO in several states able to implement care coordination in a variety of ways?", "How did these organizations assign care coordinators to beneficiaries?", "How did care coordinators communicate with beneficiaries?", "What did ...
CRS_RL32165	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "U.S. Concerns Over China's Currency Policy and Recent Action", "Most Recent Events", "Treasury Department Reports on Exchange Rates", "China's Concerns Over Changing Its Currency Policy", "The Economics of Fixed Exchange Rates", "A Critique of Various ...	{ "question": [ "What has led Members to call for a more aggressive U.S. stance against certain Chinese trade policies?", "How does China’s currency factor into this discussion?", "What did China do with its currency in 2005?", "What has happened to the yuan since 2005?", "What is the goal of nume...
GAO_GAO-16-249	{ "title": [ "Background", "ONCRC Has Taken Various Actions to Help Improve Emergency Communications Interoperability in the NCR", "The ONCRC’s Ability to Coordinate with Federal Agencies to Help Improve Emergency Preparedness, Including Communications Interoperability, in the NCR is Currently Limited", ...	{ "question": [ "What is the purpose of the committees the ONCRC participates in?", "Specifically, what is the Director of the ONCRC a part of?", "What did the staff of the ONCRC help develop in 2013?", "What was one goal of the Homeland Security Strategic Plan?", "How does the Strategic Plan achi...
GAO_GAO-12-515T	{ "title": [ "Background", "The CFATS Rule", "Senior ISCD Leaders Developed the ISCD Memorandum to Highlight Various Challenges Hindering CFATS Implementation", "ISCD’s Memorandum Based Largely on Observations of Senior ISCD Managers", "ISCD Director Was Concerned That Challenges Place the CFATS P...	{ "question": [ "What did the November 2011 memorandum discuss?", "What was the memorandum supposed to highlight?", "What sorts of challenges have been facing ISCD?", "What aspects do these challenges center on?", "What situations is ISCD attempting to address through various actions?", "What ...
CRS_RL34031	{ "title": [ "", "Most Recent Developments", "Introduction to the Legislative Branch Appropriations Bill", "Changes in Structure of Legislative Branch Appropriations Effective in FY2003", "Activities and Programs Related to the Legislative Branch but Not Funded in the Legislative Branch Appropriat...	{ "question": [ "How was funding for the legislative branch provided at the end of 2007?", "How did the first measure provide funding?", "How did additional measures provide subsequent funding?", "How was the FY2008 appropriations bill introduced?", "How did the bill appropriate funds?", "How ...
CRS_R43413	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Estimating the Costs of Government Interventions", "Troubled Asset Relief Program", "Capital Purchase Program and Capital Assistance Program", "Community Development Capital Initiative", "Public Private Investment Program", "Legacy Securities Program",...	{ "question": [ "How did the original government approach work?", "How did the panic in September 2008 affect this approach?", "How did other government agencies respond to the panic?", "Why did the crisis response tackle disparate problems?", "What was the goal of the interventions?", "How ca...
CRS_R42378	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Major Findings", "Children in, or Formerly in, Foster Care", "Health Care Needs of Children in Foster Care", "Child Welfare Programs: Overview", "Child Welfare Policies Addressing the Health Care Needs of Children in Foster Care and Those Aging Out of Fost...	{ "question": [ "Why do the majority of children enter foster care?", "What are common special health needs exhibited by foster care children?", "What percentage of children adopted from foster care have special health care needs?", "How common are mental health issues among foster youth?", "How d...
GAO_GAO-13-231	{ "title": [ "Background", "OFPP and FAI Provide Policy, Guidance, and Assistance to Help Improve Government-wide Training Efforts", "OFPP Promotes Government-wide Practices for Acquisition Workforce Training and Development", "Agencies Generally Use External Sources for Acquisition Training and Face ...	{ "question": [ "What are the responsibilities of the OFPP in the acquisition workforce?", "How do DOD certification standards compare to those of OFPP?", "What are the responsibilities of the FAI?", "Why do most agencies provide the majority of their acquisition training using external sources?", ...
CRS_R40102	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Brief History of Modern U.S. Foreign Aid", "Implementation of the F Bureau", "Criticisms of the F Bureau and U.S. Foreign Aid Overall", "History of Modern Legislative Efforts to Reform Foreign Aid4", "Key Recommendations Included in Selected Foreign Aid Re...	{ "question": [ "What is the purpose of the \"transformational development\" initiative?", "How did Rice do this?", "Why did F Bureau develop an F process?", "What was the impact of this Framework?", "What do the 14 studies surveyed by the CRS all agree on?", "What is the only recommendation c...
GAO_GAO-13-13	{ "title": [ "Background", "FMCSA Controls for Commercial Drivers Include Medical Exams, Drug and Alcohol Testing, and Roadside Inspections", "Medical Exams Are Used to Determine Drivers’ Physical Fitness to Operate a Commercial Motor Vehicle", "Drug and Alcohol Testing by Employers Is Designed to Ide...	{ "question": [ "What has the FMCSA done to prevent CDL holders from operating commercial vehicles while impaired?", "What are the key controls intended to identify commercial drivers not capable of driving safely?", "Why does the GAO say these key controls are flawed?", "What act is intended to addre...
GAO_GAO-15-478	{ "title": [ "Background", "USAID Administers the F2F Program through Cooperative Agreements", "Partners Are Generally Consistent in Implementing F2F, but Most Do Not Screen Volunteers against Terrorist Watch Lists and Some Inconsistencies and Information Gaps Exist", "Partners Generally Follow Consis...	{ "question": [ "How is the USAID F2F program administered?", "How does USAID interact with its partners?", "How does the USAID use the F2F agreements?", "What do the plans created by partners for USAID's approval describe?", "What do USAID's partners have inconsistent practices regarding?", "...
CRS_RS22506	{ "title": [ "", "Background on Insurance Regulation1", "Regulation of Surplus Lines Insurance", "The Surplus Lines Marketplace", "Legislation", "109th Congress", "The National Insurance Act of 2006 (S. 2509/H.R. 6225)", "The Nonadmitted and Reinsurance Reform Act of 2006 (H.R. 5637)",...	{ "question": [ "How is surplus lines insurance regulated?", "Why is there demand for the harmonization of regulations?", "How is the Nonadmitted and Reinsurance Reform Act of 2009 related to this harmonization?", "How was the Nonadmitted and Reinsurance Reform Act of 2009 passed?", "What actions ...
CRS_R43171	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "DRS Background", "The 2007 Reauthorization Law", "Secretary's Advisory Committee on Re-designation", "Notice of Proposed Rulemaking", "DRS Final Rule", "Indicators/Triggers", "Differences from the NPRM", "Tribal Consultations", "How Are Def...	{ "question": [ "What is Head Start?", "How do these services promote the school readiness of children?", "How is Head Start administered?", "How is Head Start funded?", "How did HHS review the re-designation process of Head Start grantees?", "How has HHS made use of these recommendations?", ...
GAO_GAO-13-268	{ "title": [ "Background", "APHIS Currently Does Not Fully Recover Program Costs", "In Fiscal Year 2011 There Was a Nearly 40 Percent Gap Between Total Identified AQI Costs and Collections", "The Fees Currently under Consideration Would Not Fully Recover Costs for All Pathways nor Directly Charge the ...	{ "question": [ "What did GAO's analysis of AQI fee and cost data reveal?", "What is the cause of this gap?", "How is APHIS considering changing their fee structure?", "How can APHIS and CBP remedy this revenue gap?", "To what extent is the CBP-APHIS fee collection agreement working as intended?",...
CRS_RL34665	{ "title": [ "", "Recent Developments", "Background", "Overview of the International Criminal Court", "The U.S. Position on the ICC", "The ICC and Other International Courts and Tribunals", "Congressional Interest in ICC Activities in Africa", "ICC Cases and Investigations in Africa", ...	{ "question": [ "Where has the ICC opened cases?", "What cases are currently open before the Court?", "What happened with a 26th case??", "What preliminary examinations are open?", "What aspect of the ICC has been controversial?", "How was jurisdiction granted for both of these cases?", "H...
GAO_GAO-18-300	{ "title": [ "Background", "U.S. Army’s Joint Trauma System Defense Center of Excellence", "NDAA Requirement for a New DOD Joint Trauma System", "DOD’s Joint Trauma System Implementation Plan Includes the Four Elements Required by the NDAA, but Does Not Yet Fully Incorporate Leading Practices for Plan...	{ "question": [ "To what extent does the plan incorporate leading practices?", "Why is the inclusion of these leading practices important?", "Have the leading practices been incorporated?", "What goals do DOD documents include?", "To what extent do these documents have plans for reaching these goa...
CRS_R42672	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Financing of the Crime Victims Fund", "Deposits to the CVF", "Fluctuation in Deposits and Growth of the Fund", "Caps on the CVF", "Cap on Deposits", "Obligation Cap", "Changes to the CVF Obligation Cap", "Appropriations Riders and the CVF Cap",...	{ "question": [ "How does the CVF receive deposits?", "What other forms of deposits does the CVF allow?", "What are the largest deposits to the CVF?", "What was the CVF balance by the end of fiscal year 2016?", "How was the first cap on CVF deposits places?", "How was this cap removed?", "...
CRS_R42022	{ "title": [ "", "Overview of Palestinian Initiative and Congressional Interest1", "United Nations Framework and Process12", "Introduction", "The United Nations and Recognition of States", "Observer Status in the United Nations", "United Nations Membership: Criteria and Process", "Crit...	{ "question": [ "How is action being taken to develop Palestinian statehood?", "How was the application for Palestinian statehood submitted?", "On what grounds was the Palestinian statehood most considered?", "How does the Obama Administration plan to respond to the possibility of Palestinian statehoo...
CRS_98-938	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Defining the Defense Acquisition Workforce", "A Historical Perspective", "Current Approaches", "Jefferson Solutions Report", "Pertinent Observations", "Issues for Congress", "Adequacy and Usefulness of New Definition", "Secretary of Defense's R...	{ "question": [ "What questions exist about the DOD workforce?", "Likely why do these questions exist?", "How have previous attempts to define the DOD workforce fared?", "Why did the DOD hire the Jefferson Solutions Group?", "What did the Jefferson Solutions Group issue about the DOD?", "What ...
CRS_R44437	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Roadmap", "Description of Telehealth and Telemedicine", "Selected Federal Telehealth Activities", "Patient Care", "Department of Veterans Affairs", "Department of Defense", "Indian Health Service", "Health Insurance and Financing", "Medicar...	{ "question": [ "What is Telehealth?", "What is telemedicine?", "Why are the two terms used interchangeably?", "How does the federal government engage in Telehealth?", "How did the VA provide Telehealth?", "How did Medicare provide Telehealth?", "What barriers were identified with the use ...
CRS_RL34560	{ "title": [ "", "Forest Carbon Markets", "Compliance Offset Markets", "Kyoto Protocol7", "Clean Development Mechanism", "Joint Implementation", "Ongoing Kyoto Developments", "European Union's Emission Trading Scheme", "Regional Initiatives in the United States", "Mandatory U.S...	{ "question": [ "How do forests contribute to carbon levels?", "How have some carbon markets been formed?", "Why have non-mandatory carbon markets been formed?", "What is allowed concerning offsets?", "How are forests good for offsets?", "What forest activities can be used for carbon offsets?"...
CRS_R45706	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Advanced Reactor Technologies", "Advanced Water-Cooled Reactors", "Small Modular Light Water Reactors", "Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactor", "Non-Water-Cooled Reactors", "High Temperature Gas Reactors", "Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor", "Sodium-Coole...	{ "question": [ "What is an \"advanced nuclear reactor\"?", "What reactors are included under the label advanced nuclear reactor?", "What are these designs often also considered to be?", "What supports the advanced nuclear reactors?", "What was the first act to support the advanced nuclear reactor...
CRS_R42097	{ "title": [ "", "History of the Qualifications Clause in the Federal Convention of 1787", "Procedural History", "Apparent Purpose and Intent", "Common Law Meaning of the Term \"Natural Born\" Citizen or Subject", "Common Law and the Constitution", "Common Law and Persons Born \"In\" the C...	{ "question": [ "Who can be considered natural-born citizens in the United States?", "For these people, what restrictions are in place for becoming presidents regarding their parenthood?", "What are the circumstances that raise citizenship concerns for those born outside of the country?", "What are th...
CRS_R41625	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Caveats", "A Brief History of Federal Low-Income Policy", "Overview of Federal Spending on Benefits and Services for People with Low Income", "Change in Spending from FY2008 to FY2009", "Budgetary Classification of Federal Spending on Benefits and Services...	{ "question": [ "Describe federal spending amounts on low-income programs between 2008 and 2009.", "What caused the increased spending of the two years?", "Where did the majority of funding for this come from?", "What is the purpose of social insurance programs?", "How does the focus of low-income...
CRS_R42936	{ "title": [ "", "Overview of Unemployment Insurance Programs", "Unemployment Compensation Program", "Emergency Unemployment Compensation Program (Expired)", "EUC08 Benefit Ended on December 28, 2013", "EUC08 Program Expired", "Impact of Federal \"Nonreduction\" Rule on State UC Laws", ...	{ "question": [ "How much longer has the EUCO8 program been extended?", "How does this extension impact the financing of the program?", "What has Congress decided about the extent of authorization?", "What does this report cover?", "what programs experienced reductions?" ], "summary": [ "P...
CRS_R44235	{ "title": [ "", "Background", "How Supreme Court Vacancies Occur10", "Death of a Sitting Justice", "Retirement or Resignation of a Sitting Justice", "Nomination of a Sitting Justice to Chief Justice Position", "Advice and Consent", "The Role of Senate Advice", "Advice from Other S...	{ "question": [ "How are Supreme Court appointments important?", "What influences does the Supreme Court have?", "How regularly can Supreme Court appointments be expected?", "What ensures the Court's independence?", "How do political considerations impact Supreme Court appointments?", "How doe...
CRS_R43919	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Caveats", "Nutrients: A Primer", "Adding Nutrients—Fertilizers", "Organic Fertilizers", "Inorganic Fertilizers", "Nitrogen", "Phosphorus", "Potassium", "Effects of Nutrient Excess on Water Quality", "Nitrogen", "Phosphorus", "En...	{ "question": [ "What factors have led to the development of BMPs in nutrient management?", "What are the main focuses of these BMPs?", "What is the focus of crop production BMPs?", "What is the focus of livestock BMPs?", "What is one of the main issues the 114th Congress is focusing on?", "Wh...
CRS_R44827	{ "title": [ "", "Evolution of Law Enforcement Exploiting Vulnerabilities", "Operation Torpedo", "Seizure of Freedom Hosting", "Operation Pacifier", "Operation Onymous", "San Bernardino iPhone", "Vulnerabilities Equities Process: Administration Policy, Not Law", "VEP Procedure", ...	{ "question": [ "What have discussions regarding law enforcement been focusing on recently?", "How have law enforcement groups utilized technology vulnerabilities?", "Why have law enforcement agencies explored new methods of finding information?", "What has been the result of increased difficulties in...
CRS_R42576	{ "title": [ "", "Background", "Impact of Current PTC Expiration", "Potential Impact of Extending the PTC", "Wind Installations", "Wind Turbine Manufacturing", "Short-Term versus Long-Term PTC Extension", "Other Factors that Affect U.S. Wind Development", "State Renewable Portfolio...	{ "question": [ "Why is the PTC important in the U.S wind industry?", "What projects are and are not eligible for PTC incentives?", "Why are industry members advocating for PTC availability extensions?", "What benefits would an extension provide?", "How will an extension impact the wind industry?"...
GAO_GAO-16-155	{ "title": [ "Background", "Overview of IRS Referrals for Tax Noncompliance", "Paper Information Referrals Mailed to IRS", "IRS Roles and Responsibilities for Processing Information Referrals", "Information Referral Screening Is a Manual Process, and Operating Division Priorities Determine Audit S...	{ "question": [ "What role do internal controls play in the IRS's information referral process?", "Why are effective internal controls important to the IRS?", "How does incomplete documentation influence this process?", "Why is a lack of procedures for control deficiencies hurting the IRS?", "What...
GAO_GAO-16-608	{ "title": [ "Background", "WIPP Facility Layout and Base Operations", "WIPP Truck Fire and Radiological Release Accidents and Investigation Reports", "DOE’s Requirements for Operations Activities and for Project Management Applicable to the WIPP Recovery Effort", "GAO’s Best Practices for Cost an...	{ "question": [ "What is WIPP?", "Why were waste operations suspended?", "What did the DOE state as their goal in February 2015?", "How did they plan to achieve their goal?", "What was included in the Senate Report?", "What did the report examine?", "What did GAO examine?", "What did t...
GAO_GAO-16-351	{ "title": [ "Background", "Status of Making Home Affordable Program Funding Balance", "Making Home Affordable Program Components", "Changes in Mortgage Performance Since 2009", "Changes in the Volume of Mortgage Loan Modifications Since 2009", "HAMP Modifications’ Effect on Borrowers’ Monthly...	{ "question": [ "Why did Treasury originally say they could not make estimates regarding future participation?", "How did the GAO respond to Treasury's lack of estimates?", "What other factors help Treasury make estimates?", "What was Treasury’s intention regarding transferring funds?", "Why was T...
CRS_R40080	{ "title": [ "", "Net Job Loss", "Infrastructure Spending and Job Creation Estimates", "Job Creation Estimates: What Are They?", "Some Caveats", "The Multiplier Effect", "Job Estimates and Construction Spending", "The Federal Highway Administration", "BLS Employment Requirements Ta...	{ "question": [ "How does Congress usually mitigate recessions?", "What specifically does funding go to when public works spending is increased?", "How has the definition of infrastructure changed?", "What is a common consideration about congressional economic stimulus?", "How is this sometimes me...
GAO_GAO-19-21	{ "title": [ "Background", "Medical Centers Rely on Environment of Care Inspections to Identify Deficiencies but May Encounter Challenges in Completing Needed Repairs", "Environment of Care Inspections", "Challenges in Addressing Identified Deficiencies", "Workload", "Staffing", "VHA Takes...	{ "question": [ "How does the VHA identify maintenance and repair needs?", "What other purpose do these inspections serve?", "What are the steps of the inspection?", "What do the inspections usually find?", "What issues are these findings causing?", "How has the response time for these deficie...
CRS_R41200	{ "title": [ "", "Background1", "The Ouagadougou Declaration", "Congressional Interest", "The Government of National Unity", "U.S. and Other International Reactions", "Issues for U.S. Policy", "Bilateral Relations with the Transitional Government", "Aid Restrictions", "Travel R...	{ "question": [ "What resulted in the development of a \"government of national unity\" in Guinea?", "How has the CNDD compromised with power?", "How have temporary powers been established?", "What caused political uncertainty?", "How has this reduced international concern?", "What concerns st...
GAO_GAO-17-704	{ "title": [ "Background", "Antiterrorism Assistance Program Management", "ATA Funding Allocations for Fiscal Years 2012 through 2016", "ATA Contract and Training Facilities", "Restrictions on Security- Related Assistance Based on Human Rights Concerns", "ATA Participant Nonimmigrant Visas and...	{ "question": [ "How has ATA training been improved?", "What requirements are training facilities held to?", "What did the GAO observe on their visit?", "What goals does the state's ATA have?", "How are these goals being achieved?", "What training did these officials have?", "What was GAO ...
GAO_GAO-13-629	{ "title": [ "Background", "TSA Security Threat Assessments and Responsible Offices", "Adjudication Center Contractor Related Performance Challenges", "Adjudication Center Performance Data Show Mixed Results, Accuracy Measures Are Limited, and Performance Measurement Practices Are Not Fully Documented...	{ "question": [ "What TSA offices help implement security threat assessments?", "What could be improved in how the two TSA offices share information?", "What issues were there with program managers regarding the staffing plan?", "What could the offices do to improve upon these issues?", "What conc...
CRS_RL34664	{ "title": [ "", "Background and Introduction", "Who and What Qualifies for the Credit?", "Who Is a First-time Homebuyer?", "What Is a Principal Residence?", "What Is a Purchase?", "When Must the Property Be Purchased?", "How Much Is the Credit?", "Dollar Limitation", "Purchase...	{ "question": [ "What can homebuyers do to receive the first-time homebuyer tax credit?", "How does P.L. 111-198 further benefit homebuyers?", "How was the first-time homebuyer credit established?", "How was this credit later extended?", "What new homebuyers were included for the credit under P.L....
CRS_R43880	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "The COMPETES Acts", "Policy Debate", "Enactment and Reauthorization", "America COMPETES Act", "America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010", "Implementation Status", "PS&E Doubling Path Policy", "Selected STEM Education Activities30", "Ame...	{ "question": [ "Why is United States leadership at risk?", "Why is this research and education considered so important?", "How are other nations changing regarding education in STEM fields?", "How do these nations’ changes affect the United States?", "What concern propelled the passage of P.L. 11...
GAO_GAO-16-180	{ "title": [ "Background", "Increased Apprehensions", "ORR’s Responsibility for Children", "ORR Responded to the Increase in Unaccompanied Children by Expanding Its Capacity, but Has Not Yet Updated Its Plans to Meet Future Needs", "ORR Expanded Capacity to Care for the Highest Number of Children ...	{ "question": [ "What issue did ORR initially have when given the care of tens of thousands of children?", "What did ORR do to fix the issue for the future?", "How did the number of children in ORR's care change through 2015?", "How could ORR improve its ability to balance preparations for anticipated...
CRS_R44499	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Understanding the DOT Appropriations Act", "Reauthorization of Air Transportation Programs", "DOT Funding Trend", "DOT FY2017 Appropriations", "Selected Issues", "Highway Trust Fund Solvency", "National Infrastructure Investment (TIGER Grants)", ...	{ "question": [ "What does the DOT appropriations bill do?", "What changed regarding funding for transportation infrastructure?", "What issue has arisen as a result of this decision?", "How has the federal excise tax on motor fuel changed over the years?", "How has Congress addressed issues surrou...
CRS_R40107	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "The Context: Current Economic Conditions", "Defining Infrastructure in Today's Context", "Infrastructure and the Economy", "Productivity and Output", "Infrastructure Job Creation", "The Contribution of Infrastructure to Economic Stimulus", "Issues"...	{ "question": [ "Why has interest in using federal spending for fiscal stimulus intensified?", "What are some approaches to using federal government spending to stimulate the economy?", "What does this report address?", "What two issues do academics, economists, and policymakers debate concerning infr...
CRS_RL31073	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Formula and Other Changes", "Grants Allocation Before P.L. 92-500 (Pre-1973)", "P.L. 92-500 and the Formula for 1973-1974", "The 1973 Needs Survey", "Formula Applicable in 1975 and 1976", "1977 Allocation and Appropriations", "Allotment under the P...	{ "question": [ "What does this report describe?", "What trends and institutional preferences can be discerned?", "What issues have arisen with the allocation formula?", "What amendments have been adopted?", "Why has crafting an allotment formula been so controversial?", "How has this controve...
CRS_R44609	{ "title": [ "", "The Paris Agreement in Context", "Introduction", "What is the relationship of the PA to the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol?", "What are some key policy takeaways from Paris?", "Requirements and Recommendations in the PA", "What is the purpose and long-term goal of the PA?"...	{ "question": [ "How do experts consider the greenhouse gas (GHG) in the environment?", "How do these facts influence the PA?", "What is true about US GHG emissions?", "How is the PA related to current treaties?", "What does the PA ask of participating nations?", "How are nations bound to the ...
CRS_R40145	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "EPA's Greenhouse Gas Regulations", "Legislation on Climate Change", "Legislative and Regulatory Issues", "Cap-and-Trade", "GHG Emission Standards", "HFC Cap-and-Trade", "Removal of Existing EPA Authorities", "Agricultural Sources of Emissions",...	{ "question": [ "What clean air issues have been the focus of Congress?", "How does EPA policy differ from the Obama Administration preferences for climate change legislation?", "What regulations has EPA developed?", "How will EPA standards change the HGH?", "How has Congress combatted unwanted EP...
GAO_GAO-19-448	{ "title": [ "Background", "State, USAID, and UNRWA Fund Education Assistance in the West Bank and Gaza.", "State", "The U.S. Government Funded an Estimated $243 Million for Education Assistance in the West Bank and Gaza for Fiscal Years 2015 through 2017, and UNRWA Purchased English Language Textbook...	{ "question": [ "How does the US assist education in the West Bank and Gaza (WBG)?", "How is the State's contribution specifically used?", "How does the UNRWA use education funds?", "How does the UNRWA fund textbooks published by the Palestinian Authority?", "How have UNRWA and State handled probl...
GAO_GAO-12-269	{ "title": [ "Background", "Staffing, Budgeting, and Training", "CBP Revised Its Training for Newly Hired CBP Officers Consistent with Its Training Standards", "CBP Has Taken Steps to Identify and Address Incumbent Officer Training Needs but Could Do More to Improve Oversight", "CBP Uses Covert Te...	{ "question": [ "Why did the CBP revise its training program?", "How did the CBD fulfill these standards?", "How was the curriculum designed in response to their team of experts?", "How did the curriculum cover identification of potential issues?", "How could the CBD broadly improve officer traini...
GAO_GAO-15-604T	{ "title": [ "Background", "FECA and Retirement under FERS", "Partial and Total-disability", "FECA Operations", "Proposed FECA Revisions Would Reduce Median Wage Replacement Rates and Increase the Difference between Total- Disability Beneficiaries With and Without a Dependent", "Proposed Singl...	{ "question": [ "What did the GAO find about proposals to reduce FECA benefits?", "How does the current FECA benefit package compare to the retirement benefit package for USPS and non-USPS beneficiaries?", "What individuals did the GAO simulations cover?", "How did the GAO find the reduced FECA benefi...
GAO_GAO-14-196T	{ "title": [ "Several Factors Are Important to Secure Maritime Borders and DHS Has Made Progress to Address Them, but Challenges Remain", "Maintaining Robust Maritime Domain Awareness", "Assessing Risks Coming from Foreign Ports", "Leveraging International Partnerships in Global Supply Chain Security"...	{ "question": [ "What is maritime domain awareness?", "How has the Coast Guard enhanced maritime domain awareness?", "How does the GAO regard the Coast Guards systems?", "What is one of the pitfalls the GAO found in the Coast Guard system?", "How does the GAO recommend this issue be addressed?", ...
CRS_RL32776	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction and Issue for Congress", "Background", "Full Funding Policy", "General Description", "Advance Procurement (AP) Payments Under Full Funding", "AP Payments for Long-Lead Items", "AP Payments for EOQ under Multiyear Procurement", "\"One Decision for One ...	{ "question": [ "How do advance appropriations work?", "How does this affect the funding of the end item?", "Why are advance appropriations useful?", "What are potential negative effects of advance appropriations?", "How could incremental funding affect the cost of Navy ships?", "What options ...
CRS_R41423	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Express Authorization for State and Local Officers to Enforce Federal Immigration Law", "Delegation of Immigration Enforcement Authority via Cooperative Agreement Under INA Section 287(g)", "Delegation of Immigration Enforcement Authority to Respond to Mass Influx...	{ "question": [ "How is the power to regulate alien entry into the United States delegated?", "How did Congress define the U.S.'s immigration laws?", "How is this legislation upheld?", "What is the nature of the enforcement regime?", "In what ways does Congress not necessarily have exclusive autho...
CRS_R44607	{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "CEIP Proposed Rule—Overview", "Legal Status of the CPP and CEIP" ], "paragraphs": [ "", "The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established the Clean Energy Incentive Program (CEIP) as a voluntary complement to its regulatory program known as the C...	{ "question": [ "What is the CEIP?", "How can states participate in the CEIP?", "How does the CEIP help states meet emission reduction targets?", "How would renewable energy projects receive credits?", "How will low-income community projects receive credits differently?", "How many credits wou...
CRS_RL34422	{ "title": [ "", "Patents and Innovation Policy", "The Mechanics of the Patent System", "Innovation Policy", "Continuing Application Practice Reform", "Continued Application Practice", "The USPTO Continued Application Rules", "Patent Claiming Practice Reform", "Patent Claiming Prac...	{ "question": [ "How would the rules affect \"continued applications\"?", "What is a continued application?", "Why does the USPTO want to regulate continued applications?", "Why might Congress not take action regarding the USPTO?", "How could Congress intervene?", "How could Congress specifica...

CRS_RL33529

{ "title": [ "", "Overview: U.S.-India Relations", "Notable Developments in 2011", "Early Obama Administration Engagement", "June 2010 Strategic Dialogue", "President Obama's November 2010 Visit to India", "A Permanent U.N. Security Council Seat for India?", "Reactions to the President...

{ "question": [ "How important is South Asia to U.S. foreign policy interests?", "Which country in particular is seen as an “indispensable partner” to the United States?", "How has the U.S. developed ties with India?", "What security commitments have the U.S. and India made?", "How has U.S. - Indi...

CRS_R43492

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Review of Sanctions Imposed", "U.S. Sanctions: 1979-2006", "U.N. Sanctions: 2006-2010", "Multinational Sanctions: 2010 to the Present", "Debate Over Achievements of Sanctions", "Temporary Sanctions Relief During JPA Period", "The Way Forward: Poten...

{ "question": [ "How have the sanctions imposed on Iran affected its nuclear program?", "How have sanctions affected Iranian foreign policy?", "How effective have sanctions against Iran been overall?", "How has the interim nuclear deal of 2013 affected the sanctions?", "What will likely be the nex...

CRS_R45481

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "\"Affirmative Action\" as Affirmative Obligation: Dismantling De Jure Segregation", "De Jure Segregation in Higher Ed and the Equal Protection Clause", "Segregated Colleges and Universities Before 1954", "The Affirmative Duty to Eliminate De Jure Segregation i...

{ "question": [ "How is affirmative action in public education related to the Fourteenth Amendment?", "What precedent did United States v. Fordice?", "What framework did the Court establish to evaluate the efficiency of this affirmative action?", "To what extent are mandatory race-conscious measures p...

CRS_RS21238

{ "title": [ "", "Political Background", "Human Rights", "Economic Developments", "Oil and Gas", "Foreign Policy and Defense", "Terrorism and Unrest", "The 2005 Violence in Andijon, Uzbekistan", "U.S. Relations", "Contributions to Counter-Terrorism", "" ], "paragraphs":...

{ "question": [ "How did Uzbekistan gain independence?", "Why could Uzbekistan potentially become a regional power?", "What leadership in the country stayed the same following the country’s independence?", "What policies has Karimov pursued?", "When did the U.S. forge ties with Uzbekistan?", "...

GAO_GAO-13-534

{ "title": [ "Background", "M&O Contractors Differ in How They Allocate Indirect Costs, and Efforts to Standardize Cost Reporting May Provide Limited Improvements", "Differences in How M&O Contractors Allocate Indirect Costs Limit the Comparability of Program Costs across Laboratories", "DOE and NNSA ...

{ "question": [ "How do NNSA managing and operating contractors classify indirect costs?", "How does this compare to Cost Accounting Standards?", "How are DOE and NNSA mitigating the limitations of current cost data?", "How will DOE use the information from this initiative?", "How does NNSA ensure...

GAO_GAO-17-135

{ "title": [ "Background", "LPTV and Translator Stations Provide Programming and Information That Might Not Be Available to Over-the- Air Viewers after the Auction", "LPTV and Translator Stations Are Diverse in Their Programming and Owned by Various Types of Entities", "Number of Stations and Communit...

{ "question": [ "To what extent are LPTV stations and translator stations still in use in the United States and its territories?", "How may the FCC's incentive auction affect LPTV and translator stations?", "How do auctions affect the spectrum?", "To what extent has the FCC acknowledged the effect the...

GAO_GAO-15-532T

{ "title": [ "NNSA Faces Challenges Implementing Its Plans to Modernize the Nuclear Security Enterprise", "NNSA Does Not Fully Understand the Causes of Its Contract and Project Management Problems and Appears Resistant to Implementing GAO’s Recommendations", "NNSA’s Continued Corrective Actions Suggest It...

{ "question": [ "What does GAO's 2015 high risk report note?", "What are the implications of this pattern?", "What has GAO done to correct this?", "Has NNSA followed these recommendations?", "What does this indicate?", "What has the NNSA made progress in?", "What challenges does the NNSA f...

GAO_GAO-14-596T

{ "title": [ "Background", "OMB Has Launched Major Initiatives for Overseeing Investments", "Opportunities Exist to Improve Acquisition and Management of IT Investments", "GAO Contact and Staff Acknowledgments" ], "paragraphs": [ "Information technology should enable government to better serve...

{ "question": [ "What did GAO find in 2011?", "What did GAO find in a recent report?", "What did GAO make recommendations for?", "How did agencies respond to these recommendations?", "What does OMB's key reform emphasize?", "How has this reform impacted requirements for agency investments?", ...

CRS_R40929

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Context", "History of Federal Youth Employment and Job Training Programs8", "Depression Era", "War on Poverty Programs", "Expanding Youth Programs", "Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) and Youth Employment and Demonstrations Project Act (...

{ "question": [ "Why is Congress particularly interested in today's youth?", "Why are policymakers concerned that the youth may be unprepared for these roles?", "How do employment rates compound this concern?", "Which youth populations are most at risk?", "What have federal job training and employ...

GAO_GAO-18-696T

{ "title": [ "Background", "Interoperability: An Overview", "VA and DOD Have a Long History of Efforts to Achieve Electronic Health Record Interoperability", "The Interagency Program Office Has Not Functioned as the Single Point of Accountability for VA and DOD’s Efforts to Increase Electronic Health ...

{ "question": [ "What was the Interagency Program Office assigned responsibility for in 2009?", "What did GAO report in 2011?", "What did GAO recommend to amend these deficiencies?", "What did VA and DOD commit to in 2011?", "How did this commitment change in 2013?", "What did GAO recommend in...

CRS_RL31720

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Energy Policy Since the 1973-74 Arab Embargo", "The Period of Oil Price Controls", "The Early Effects of a Market-Oriented Energy Policy", "Other Responses to the Disruptions of the 1970s and 1980s", "The Challenge Faced by Policymakers", "An Energy Po...

{ "question": [ "Despite passage of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, what remains a major legislative issue?", "How did Hurricanes Katrina and Rita impact the energy industry in Texas and Louisiana?", "How did demand for oil change following EPACT's enactment?", "Why does interest in energy policy remai...

CRS_R42452

{ "title": [ "", "Background", "Federal Timber Harvests", "Payments for Counties", "Secure Rural Schools Act", "Title I of H.R. 4019", "Section 101. Definitions", "Section 102. County, Schools, and Revenue Trust", "Section 103. Opt-Out Option", "Section 104. Determination of An...

{ "question": [ "What has the USFS done since 1908?", "How has the BLM similarly paid?", "Why did the volume of these payments change in the 1990s?", "How did Congress attempt to respond to this?", "What has the 112th Congress considered to address this issue?", "How would H.R 4019 address thi...

CRS_R44592

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Sage-Grouse Breeding and Biology", "Threats to Sage-Grouse Habitat", "How Does ESA Work?", "How Do Different Types of Conservation Agreements Qualify to Avoid Listing?", "Chronology of Petitions and FWS Sage-Grouse Action26", "Why Did FWS Decide Not to...

{ "question": [ "What did the FWS do in October 2015?", "Why did the FWS conclude this?", "What was the impact of this conclusion?", "What did these efforts include?", "What happened after FWS decided not to list sage-grouse?", "How did other federal agencies and other levels of government car...

CRS_R40449

{ "title": [ "", "Background", "Use of Hormones in Meat Production", "The EU Beef Hormone Ban", "Hormone Dispute in the WTO", "Overview of WTO Proceedings", "Role of Scientific Reviews in the Dispute", "EU Reviews", "U.S. Response to EU Reviews", "U.S. Trade Sanctions and Retal...

{ "question": [ "What did the EU adopt restrictions on in 1981?", "How was this extended in 1989?", "What did this ban cover?", "How was this ban amended in 2003?", "What did the US do as part of this dispute?", "What tariffs did the US impose in 1989?", "What additional action did the US ...

CRS_RL32801

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Regulatory Flexibility Act", "Implementation of the Section 610 Requirements", "GAO Reviews of Section 610: 1997-1999", "Issues Affecting Section 610 Implementation", "Agencies' Section 610 Reviews in 2004", "GAO's 2007 Report on \"Lookback\" Reviews",...

{ "question": [ "What does the implementation history of Section 610 of the RFA offer?", "What actions has Congress taken to address implementation of the RFA and Section 610?", "What challenge does Congress face?", "How can implementation of the lookback requirement be improved?" ], "summary": [ ...

CRS_R44979

{ "title": [ "", "Background", "Political Situation", "Migration", "Terrorism", "Kosovo's Economy", "Relations with Serbia", "Territorial Adjustment", "Relations with the European Union", "Relations with the United States" ], "paragraphs": [ "", "During the medieval...

{ "question": [ "What allowed countries of former Yugoslavia to pursue reform and adopt Western values?", "How did these countries pursue and adopt Western values?", "How are these countries continuing to pursue and adopt Western values?", "Why is Kosovo important?", "How has Kosovo become a stabl...

GAO_GAO-12-749

{ "title": [ "Background", "Financial Eligibility for Medicaid Coverage for Long-Term Care", "States Required Applicants to Document Most Assets, but What Was Considered Acceptable Proof Varied", "All States Obtained Some Amount of Asset Information from Third Parties, and No State Had Implemented an ...

{ "question": [ "How did states vary in how they obtained third party information for Medicaid?", "Why was AVS not fully implemented by states?", "What did officials from CMS tell GAO?", "Why is it unclear whether states obtained sufficient information to implement DRA provisions?", "How has uncer...

GAO_GAO-13-412T

{ "title": [ "Background", "ISCD Has Assigned Thousands of Facilities to Tiers, but ISCD’s Approach to Risk Assessment Does Not Reflect All Risk Elements", "ISCD Has Tiered Thousands of High-Risk Chemical Facilities and Resolved Some Problems Using Its Risk Assessment Approach to Assign Tiers", "ISCD’...

{ "question": [ "What tasks have the ISCD in DHS assigned since 2007?", "What is the problem with the way ISCD assessed risk?", "How is ISCD reexamining its risk assessment?", "Why is ISCD's risk assessment approach important?", "Despite ISCD revising its process, what problem exists?", "Why i...

CRS_R41023

{ "title": [ "", "Recent Developments", "Current Conditions", "Preliminary Numbers at a Glance", "Haitian Government Response", "The Government's New Action Plan", "Extra-Constitutional Rule Begins after May 10", "U.N. Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH)17", "", "Humanita...

{ "question": [ "What consequences has the largest earthquake in Haiti caused?", "How is Haiti recovering from the earthquake?", "What role had the international community played in Haiti's development prior to the earthquake?", "How will Haiti continue to recover?", "How was the U.S. involved in ...

GAO_GAO-16-243

{ "title": [ "Background", "Key Federal Agencies Have Taken Various Actions to Address Electromagnetic Risks to the Grid; Some Actions Align with the 2008 EMP Commission Recommendations", "Federal Agencies Have Taken Actions to Address Electromagnetic Risks to the Grid", "Some Actions Taken by DHS and...

{ "question": [ "What actions have agencies taken to address electromagnetic risks to the electric grid?", "What have the DHS, the DOE, and the FERC done to address these risks?", "What did GAO find about the actions?", "How did these actions align with EMP Commission recommendations?", "How do ag...

CRS_R44011

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "A Short History of Diffuse Legislation", "Threat of Invasive Species", "Geographic Origins of Non-native Species", "Unusually Susceptible Habitats", "Pathways of Invasion", "Coordinating Science", "Predicting an Invasion: Black and White?", "Me...

{ "question": [ "How were invasive species first transferred to North America?", "Specifically, what sorts of species were transferred?", "What was the initial response to non-native invasive species?", "Why did the response to invasive species change?", "Why has the response to invasive species b...

GAO_GAO-12-136

{ "title": [ "Background", "NQF’s Contract with HHS", "NQF Made Progress on Projects under Each of Its Contract Activities but Has Not Met Expected Time Frames and Has Exceeded Cost Estimates", "NQF Made Progress on Projects under Each of the Contract Activities as of August 31, 2011", "NQF Did No...

{ "question": [ "What issues are there with NQF's retooled measures?", "Why might it be risky for HHS to use these retooled measures?", "To what extent had HHS planned to use NQF’s retooled measures?", "What have HHS officials told GAO regarding the remaining HHS measures?", "What has HHS still no...

CRS_R42690

{ "title": [ "", "Background", "Legal Issues", "Are ICE's Detainer Regulations and Practices Within Its Statutory Authority?", "Are States and Localities Required to Comply with Immigration Detainers?", "Who Has Custody of Aliens Subject to Detainers?", "Do Detainer Practices Violate Alien...

{ "question": [ "What is the purpose of an \"immigration detainer\"?", "How have ICE and INS used detainers?", "What program raised questions about detainers?", "What did this program rely upon?", "How does PEP moot questions raised by detainers?", "How did Congress amend the INA to address de...

CRS_R44697

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Brief Legislative History", "1960s-1970s", "1980s-1990s", "VHA Eligibility, Enrollment, and Long-Term Care", "Overview of VHA Eligibility", "VHA Enrollment", "Veterans and Long-Term Care", "VHA Organization and Long-Term Care", "Overview of...

{ "question": [ "What is the VHA?", "What services does the VHA provide?", "Besides the VHA, what entity is a federal payer of long-term care services?", "What has the VA been authorized to provide to eligible veterans through P.L. 88-450?", "What did P.L. 91-101 and P.L. 93-82 do?", "What did...

GAO_GAO-12-881

{ "title": [ "Background", "Community Banks and Credit Unions Have Declined in Number but Remain Important for Small Businesses and Agriculture", "Changes in Regulation and Other Factors Have Led to the Consolidation of Many Community Banks and Credit Unions", "Compared with Larger Banks, Community Ba...

{ "question": [ "Why has there been a decline in the number of banks under $10 billion in assets and credit unions?", "Despite the decline, to what entities and people do these banks remain important?", "To what extent have these banks declined?", "How could banks save costs?", "What is the relati...

GAO_GAO-15-48

{ "title": [ "Background", "Budget Authority and Collections", "Agency Flexibility Regarding Uses of Funding from Alternative Sources", "Budgetary Resources and Government Financial Statements", "About 15 Percent of DOJ’s Total Budgetary Resources Comes from Alternative Sources of Funding, and Law...

{ "question": [ "How does funding from sources such as fines or fees impact the DOJ's budget resources?", "What kinds of funding sources does the Department of Justice have?", "How did spending vary from source to source?", "What makes up the fees collected by the CJIS division for providing non-crimi...

GAO_GAO-13-570

{ "title": [ "Background", "Our Interviews at Health and Human Services Agencies", "Our Interviews at Labor Agencies", "Our Interviews at Agriculture Agencies", "Federal Managers Reported That, Where Available, Evaluations Had Helped Improve Programs", "Most Managers Lacked Recent Evaluations ...

{ "question": [ "How often do federal managers evaluate programs?", "Why should managers complete evaluations of programs?", "How do evaluations help improve programs?", "What factor did federal managers find to be most hindering?", "What other factors did managers find hindering?", "What issu...

GAO_GAO-12-800

{ "title": [ "Background", "Relevant Orders and Regulations", "Position Designation Process", "Personnel Security Clearance and Suitability Reforms", "The Executive Branch Has Not Issued Clearly Defined Policy Guidance for Determining When a Federal Civilian Position Needs a Security Clearance", ...

{ "question": [ "What responsibilities does Executive Order 13467 assign DNI?", "What has DNI not provided agencies with to date?", "What are agencies using in absence of DNI guidance?", "What problems does this tool pose?", "How did an April 2012 audit reveal problems in implementing OPM’s tool?"...

CRS_R41233

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction to the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)", "Overview and Trends in HUD Funding", "FY2011 Appropriations", "Actions in the 111th Congress", "President's Budget", "House Action", "Senate Action", "Continuing Resolutions", "Actions in...

{ "question": [ "What is HUD responsible for?", "How does HUD request funding?", "What jurisdiction does funding for HUD fall under?", "How did appropriations for HUD changed prior to FY2011?", "What caused these changes?", "Why did HUD need more funding?", "How did the President's budget ...

CRS_R45150

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "The President's FY2019 Budget Request", "Federal R&D Funding Perspectives", "Federal R&D by Agency", "Federal R&D by Character of Work, Facilities, and Equipment", "Federal Role in U.S. R&D by Character of Work", "Federal R&D by Agency and Character of...

{ "question": [ "Why was the final FY2018 funding compiled of various sources?", "How does this report compare the preceding and following year reports?", "How will this report gather the necessary information?", "What is the current status of this report?", "What happened after the President’s bu...

GAO_GAO-14-728T

{ "title": [ "Background", "Most FAA Initiatives to Improve Its Aircraft Certification and Approval Process Are on Track", "Most Initiatives Are on Track for Meeting Planned Completion Milestones", "Some Initiatives Will Not Meet or Are at Risk of Not Meeting Planned Milestones", "Most Certificati...

{ "question": [ "How is the Aircraft Certification Service used by the FAA?", "What types of initiatives are Aircraft Certification implementing?", "To what extent are these initiatives expected to be completed on time?", "What challenges do these initiatives face regarding being completed in a timely...

CRS_R43323

{ "title": [ "", "Most Recent Legislative Action", "Budgetary Context: BCA Spending Caps", "Sequestration Flexibility in FY2014 and FY2013 Experience", "Sequestration Alternatives in FY2014", "Alternatives under Current Law", "Legislative Proposals", "DOD Forecast of FY2014 BCA Impact"...

{ "question": [ "How did Congress attend to the FY2014 Authorization and Appropriations?", "How did this bill directly oppose the regulations set by the BCA of 2011?", "How did the President's request violate previous acts of Congress?", "How did the Senate change the original request by the President...

CRS_R42357

{ "title": [ "", "What Is the \"Farm Bill\"?", "Report Organization and Contributors", "Budget Situation and Outlook", "Farm Economy and International Environment", "Farm Safety Net Programs", "Program Design and Operation", "Commodity Programs", "Crop Insurance", "Disaster Ass...

{ "question": [ "How does Congress address agricultural policy?", "What will Congress do to address the current bill which addresses agricultural policy?", "What was the extent of the 2008 agricultural bill?", "How has modern agriculture spurred change to how Congress addresses agricultural policy?", ...

CRS_R43361

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Legislative Background", "Comparison of Current Laws", "Leahy Vetting in Practice22", "The Vetting Process", "U.S. Embassy Procedures", "Headquarters Level", "Additional Review and Conclusion", "Vetting Results and Their Use", "Vetting Pers...

{ "question": [ "How has Congress' interest in foreign human rights changed in recent years?", "What has Congress done to implement policy on foreign human rights?", "How were the Leahy laws first sponsored?", "What does the first Leahy amendment stipulate?", "What does the second Leahy law specif...

CRS_RL33246

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction1", "Implementation Status", "Implementation Issues", "Reading First Implementation Evaluation: Interim Report", "Center on Education Policy Reports", "February 2007 GAO Report16", "Scientifically Based Research and Reading First", "Scientifically Base...

{ "question": [ "Why was the Reading First program created?", "What was the extent of the progress of the program across the United States in the early years of the program's implementation?", "How are the results of the Reading First program seen as positively impacting education in the United States?", ...

CRS_R41345

{ "title": [ "", "Status of Legislation", "Continuing Appropriations", "Appropriation", "National Defense Authorization", "Title I: Department of Defense", "Military Construction", "Key Budget Issues", "Planning Future Construction: the Quadrennial Defense Review", "Base Realig...

{ "question": [ "What is the Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies appropriations bill responsible for?", "How does the bill assist with military family housing?", "How does the Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies appropriations bill assist with health car...

CRS_R45015

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Agency Origins and Authority: A Brief History", "E.O. 11625—Expanding Agency Role", "Rebranding the Agency", "Evolving Delivery System", "Global Competitiveness", "Current Programs and Funding Structure", "Business Center Program", "Funding His...

{ "question": [ "What is the Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) responsible for?", "How was the MBDA originally established?", "What is the overall mission of the MBDA?", "How does the MBDA carry out their mission?", "How does the government divide power over the MBDA, and why is this the...

GAO_GAO-13-696T

{ "title": [ "Background", "Historical Challenges EPA Has Faced Regulating Chemicals under TSCA", "Obtaining Adequate Information on Chemical Toxicity and Exposure", "Banning or Limiting Chemicals", "Disclosure of Chemical Data", "EPA Has Made Progress to Implement Its New Approach to Managing...

{ "question": [ "Why does the EPA have a limited number of banned chemicals?", "What is the extent of the agency's power in terms of banning dangerous chemicals?", "What is an example of the EPA's difficulties?", "Why is it not certain that the EPA will take the necessary steps to identify all of the ...

GAO_GAO-17-384

{ "title": [ "Background", "VA Relies Extensively on IT", "VHA Has Responsibility for the Identification of Its IT Needs", "VA’s and VHA’s IT Environment Faces Challenges", "Key IT Management Processes Are Partially Consistent with Leading Practices", "IT Strategic Plans Identify Goals, but La...

{ "question": [ "What did GAO's review reveal?", "Why have VA business needs remained unresolved?", "Why is it important for the VA to address their business needs?", "What services does VHA provide?", "What budget resources does the VHA manage?", "What aspects of VHA did GAO review?", "Ho...

CRS_R45310

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Tariffs as the Origin of the Trade Aid Package", "Trade Aid Package Authority", "Trade Aid Package Implementation", "Market Facilitation Program", "Who Qualifies for a Payment?", "USDA Determination of MFP Per-Unit Payment Rates", "How Will Farm-Le...

{ "question": [ "How has USDA helped farmers with trade damages?", "What assistance did USDA provide?", "What is the goal of this aid package?", "What does the aid package consist of?", "How will the MFP be administered?", "How can producers become eligible for the payments?", "How can pro...

CRS_R40803

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Background", "Process Patents", "Case Law Concerning Patentable Subject Matter", "Bilski v. Kappos", "The Federal Circuit's Opinion", "The Supreme Court's Opinion", "The Opinion of the Court", "Bilski's Process Claims Are Unpatentable", "Ma...

{ "question": [ "What is the origin of federal patent law?", "What is eligible for patent protection?", "How has the scope of eligibility been expanded?", "How did the Federal Circuit's Bilski opinion alter this definition?", "What criticisms have been raised about this standard?", "How has th...

CRS_R40435

{ "title": [ "", "What are Deficits?", "Understanding Deficit Projections in the CBO Baseline", "Current Conditions", "Recent Policies and Their Effects on the Deficit", "Economic Stimulus Act of 2008", "Housing and Economic Recovery", "Troubled Assets Relief Program", "Extension o...

{ "question": [ "How did the national budget deficit change in FY2008?", "What was the projected deficit in FY2009?", "What were projected deficits for future years?", "What are the causes of these expanded deficits?", "How can deficits affect fiscal policy?", "How do governments make use of d...

CRS_R44467

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "What are Drug Courts?", "Expansion of Drug Courts", "Federal Drug Courts", "Federal Drug Courts and the 21st Century Cures Act", "Veterans Treatment Courts", "Federal Support for Drug Courts", "Drug Court Discretionary Grant Program", "Grants f...

{ "question": [ "How has the formal drug policy of the United States changed?", "How does this relate to the proliferation of drug courts?", "What are the goals of drug courts?", "What are drug courts?", "What are the goals of drug courts?", "How are drug courts used in the justice system?", ...

CRS_R42941

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "The Federal Medical Assistance Percentage", "How FMAP Rates Are Calculated", "Data Used to Calculate State FMAP Rates", "Factors that Affect FMAP Rates", "FY2014 Regular FMAP Rates", "FMAP Exceptions", "Recent Issues", "FMAP Changes in the ACA"...

{ "question": [ "What is the purpose of the FMAP formula?", "What was the range for FMAP rates in FY2014?", "How are FMAP rates used?", "How does the ACA address major disasters?", "To what extent has this provision been used?", "How has the formula for disaster-recovery adjusted FMAP been mod...

CRS_R40910

{ "title": [ "", "Overview", "Background", "Two Tracks on the Way to Copenhagen: One Agreement or Two?", "Key Topics Under Negotiation", "A Shared Long-Term Vision to 2050", "Obligations to Mitigate GHG Emissions", "Mid-Term Targets for GHG Reductions", "Common but Differentiated C...

{ "question": [ "How are nations addressing climate change cooperatively?", "How were these negotiations supposed to end?", "What will the role of the Copenhagen outcome be?", "What are the goals of the negotiations?", "What steps are required to meet the objectives?", "How does the principle ...

CRS_R44319

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Scope of the Report", "A Note on Terminology", "Why Campaign Finance Enforcement Might Matter to Congress", "Latest Congressional Activity", "The FEC: A Brief Overview", "The Enforcement Process in Brief", "Overview and Initial Steps", "Timing ...

{ "question": [ "What responsibilities does the FEC have?", "To what extent are the agency's actions controversial?", "Why is enforcement critical?", "To what extent is FEC enforcement effective?", "What debates have arisen over enforcement issues?", "How well-staffed are FEC enforcement posit...

CRS_R40834

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "How the Health Insurance Industry Developed", "How the \"Blues\" Began", "Tax Advantages For Employer-Provided Health Insurance Benefits", "Commercial Insurers Enter", "Introduction of Medicare and Medicaid", "The Rise of Managed Care", "Blurring D...

{ "question": [ "What does the market structure of the U.S. health insurance industry reflect?", "What did many commercial insurers doubt before World War II?", "Why did commercial health insurers begin offering health coverage?", "How had the market changed by the 1950s?" ], "summary": [ "The...

GAO_GAO-16-31

{ "title": [ "Background", "Characteristics of Dual- Eligible Beneficiaries", "Past Initiatives to Coordinate Care for Dual- Eligible Beneficiaries", "Financial Alignment Demonstration: Design and Implementation, Care Coordination, and Sources of Potential Savings", "Design and Implementation of t...

{ "question": [ "How were the integrated care organizations interviewed by GAO in several states able to implement care coordination in a variety of ways?", "How did these organizations assign care coordinators to beneficiaries?", "How did care coordinators communicate with beneficiaries?", "What did ...

CRS_RL32165

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "U.S. Concerns Over China's Currency Policy and Recent Action", "Most Recent Events", "Treasury Department Reports on Exchange Rates", "China's Concerns Over Changing Its Currency Policy", "The Economics of Fixed Exchange Rates", "A Critique of Various ...

{ "question": [ "What has led Members to call for a more aggressive U.S. stance against certain Chinese trade policies?", "How does China’s currency factor into this discussion?", "What did China do with its currency in 2005?", "What has happened to the yuan since 2005?", "What is the goal of nume...

GAO_GAO-16-249

{ "title": [ "Background", "ONCRC Has Taken Various Actions to Help Improve Emergency Communications Interoperability in the NCR", "The ONCRC’s Ability to Coordinate with Federal Agencies to Help Improve Emergency Preparedness, Including Communications Interoperability, in the NCR is Currently Limited", ...

{ "question": [ "What is the purpose of the committees the ONCRC participates in?", "Specifically, what is the Director of the ONCRC a part of?", "What did the staff of the ONCRC help develop in 2013?", "What was one goal of the Homeland Security Strategic Plan?", "How does the Strategic Plan achi...

GAO_GAO-12-515T

{ "title": [ "Background", "The CFATS Rule", "Senior ISCD Leaders Developed the ISCD Memorandum to Highlight Various Challenges Hindering CFATS Implementation", "ISCD’s Memorandum Based Largely on Observations of Senior ISCD Managers", "ISCD Director Was Concerned That Challenges Place the CFATS P...

{ "question": [ "What did the November 2011 memorandum discuss?", "What was the memorandum supposed to highlight?", "What sorts of challenges have been facing ISCD?", "What aspects do these challenges center on?", "What situations is ISCD attempting to address through various actions?", "What ...

CRS_RL34031

{ "title": [ "", "Most Recent Developments", "Introduction to the Legislative Branch Appropriations Bill", "Changes in Structure of Legislative Branch Appropriations Effective in FY2003", "Activities and Programs Related to the Legislative Branch but Not Funded in the Legislative Branch Appropriat...

{ "question": [ "How was funding for the legislative branch provided at the end of 2007?", "How did the first measure provide funding?", "How did additional measures provide subsequent funding?", "How was the FY2008 appropriations bill introduced?", "How did the bill appropriate funds?", "How ...

CRS_R43413

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Estimating the Costs of Government Interventions", "Troubled Asset Relief Program", "Capital Purchase Program and Capital Assistance Program", "Community Development Capital Initiative", "Public Private Investment Program", "Legacy Securities Program",...

{ "question": [ "How did the original government approach work?", "How did the panic in September 2008 affect this approach?", "How did other government agencies respond to the panic?", "Why did the crisis response tackle disparate problems?", "What was the goal of the interventions?", "How ca...

CRS_R42378

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Major Findings", "Children in, or Formerly in, Foster Care", "Health Care Needs of Children in Foster Care", "Child Welfare Programs: Overview", "Child Welfare Policies Addressing the Health Care Needs of Children in Foster Care and Those Aging Out of Fost...

{ "question": [ "Why do the majority of children enter foster care?", "What are common special health needs exhibited by foster care children?", "What percentage of children adopted from foster care have special health care needs?", "How common are mental health issues among foster youth?", "How d...

GAO_GAO-13-231

{ "title": [ "Background", "OFPP and FAI Provide Policy, Guidance, and Assistance to Help Improve Government-wide Training Efforts", "OFPP Promotes Government-wide Practices for Acquisition Workforce Training and Development", "Agencies Generally Use External Sources for Acquisition Training and Face ...

{ "question": [ "What are the responsibilities of the OFPP in the acquisition workforce?", "How do DOD certification standards compare to those of OFPP?", "What are the responsibilities of the FAI?", "Why do most agencies provide the majority of their acquisition training using external sources?", ...

CRS_R40102

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Brief History of Modern U.S. Foreign Aid", "Implementation of the F Bureau", "Criticisms of the F Bureau and U.S. Foreign Aid Overall", "History of Modern Legislative Efforts to Reform Foreign Aid4", "Key Recommendations Included in Selected Foreign Aid Re...

{ "question": [ "What is the purpose of the \"transformational development\" initiative?", "How did Rice do this?", "Why did F Bureau develop an F process?", "What was the impact of this Framework?", "What do the 14 studies surveyed by the CRS all agree on?", "What is the only recommendation c...

GAO_GAO-13-13

{ "title": [ "Background", "FMCSA Controls for Commercial Drivers Include Medical Exams, Drug and Alcohol Testing, and Roadside Inspections", "Medical Exams Are Used to Determine Drivers’ Physical Fitness to Operate a Commercial Motor Vehicle", "Drug and Alcohol Testing by Employers Is Designed to Ide...

{ "question": [ "What has the FMCSA done to prevent CDL holders from operating commercial vehicles while impaired?", "What are the key controls intended to identify commercial drivers not capable of driving safely?", "Why does the GAO say these key controls are flawed?", "What act is intended to addre...

GAO_GAO-15-478

{ "title": [ "Background", "USAID Administers the F2F Program through Cooperative Agreements", "Partners Are Generally Consistent in Implementing F2F, but Most Do Not Screen Volunteers against Terrorist Watch Lists and Some Inconsistencies and Information Gaps Exist", "Partners Generally Follow Consis...

{ "question": [ "How is the USAID F2F program administered?", "How does USAID interact with its partners?", "How does the USAID use the F2F agreements?", "What do the plans created by partners for USAID's approval describe?", "What do USAID's partners have inconsistent practices regarding?", "...

CRS_RS22506

{ "title": [ "", "Background on Insurance Regulation1", "Regulation of Surplus Lines Insurance", "The Surplus Lines Marketplace", "Legislation", "109th Congress", "The National Insurance Act of 2006 (S. 2509/H.R. 6225)", "The Nonadmitted and Reinsurance Reform Act of 2006 (H.R. 5637)",...

{ "question": [ "How is surplus lines insurance regulated?", "Why is there demand for the harmonization of regulations?", "How is the Nonadmitted and Reinsurance Reform Act of 2009 related to this harmonization?", "How was the Nonadmitted and Reinsurance Reform Act of 2009 passed?", "What actions ...

CRS_R43171

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "DRS Background", "The 2007 Reauthorization Law", "Secretary's Advisory Committee on Re-designation", "Notice of Proposed Rulemaking", "DRS Final Rule", "Indicators/Triggers", "Differences from the NPRM", "Tribal Consultations", "How Are Def...

{ "question": [ "What is Head Start?", "How do these services promote the school readiness of children?", "How is Head Start administered?", "How is Head Start funded?", "How did HHS review the re-designation process of Head Start grantees?", "How has HHS made use of these recommendations?", ...

GAO_GAO-13-268

{ "title": [ "Background", "APHIS Currently Does Not Fully Recover Program Costs", "In Fiscal Year 2011 There Was a Nearly 40 Percent Gap Between Total Identified AQI Costs and Collections", "The Fees Currently under Consideration Would Not Fully Recover Costs for All Pathways nor Directly Charge the ...

{ "question": [ "What did GAO's analysis of AQI fee and cost data reveal?", "What is the cause of this gap?", "How is APHIS considering changing their fee structure?", "How can APHIS and CBP remedy this revenue gap?", "To what extent is the CBP-APHIS fee collection agreement working as intended?",...

CRS_RL34665

{ "title": [ "", "Recent Developments", "Background", "Overview of the International Criminal Court", "The U.S. Position on the ICC", "The ICC and Other International Courts and Tribunals", "Congressional Interest in ICC Activities in Africa", "ICC Cases and Investigations in Africa", ...

{ "question": [ "Where has the ICC opened cases?", "What cases are currently open before the Court?", "What happened with a 26th case??", "What preliminary examinations are open?", "What aspect of the ICC has been controversial?", "How was jurisdiction granted for both of these cases?", "H...

GAO_GAO-18-300

{ "title": [ "Background", "U.S. Army’s Joint Trauma System Defense Center of Excellence", "NDAA Requirement for a New DOD Joint Trauma System", "DOD’s Joint Trauma System Implementation Plan Includes the Four Elements Required by the NDAA, but Does Not Yet Fully Incorporate Leading Practices for Plan...

{ "question": [ "To what extent does the plan incorporate leading practices?", "Why is the inclusion of these leading practices important?", "Have the leading practices been incorporated?", "What goals do DOD documents include?", "To what extent do these documents have plans for reaching these goa...

CRS_R42672

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Financing of the Crime Victims Fund", "Deposits to the CVF", "Fluctuation in Deposits and Growth of the Fund", "Caps on the CVF", "Cap on Deposits", "Obligation Cap", "Changes to the CVF Obligation Cap", "Appropriations Riders and the CVF Cap",...

{ "question": [ "How does the CVF receive deposits?", "What other forms of deposits does the CVF allow?", "What are the largest deposits to the CVF?", "What was the CVF balance by the end of fiscal year 2016?", "How was the first cap on CVF deposits places?", "How was this cap removed?", "...

CRS_R42022

{ "title": [ "", "Overview of Palestinian Initiative and Congressional Interest1", "United Nations Framework and Process12", "Introduction", "The United Nations and Recognition of States", "Observer Status in the United Nations", "United Nations Membership: Criteria and Process", "Crit...

{ "question": [ "How is action being taken to develop Palestinian statehood?", "How was the application for Palestinian statehood submitted?", "On what grounds was the Palestinian statehood most considered?", "How does the Obama Administration plan to respond to the possibility of Palestinian statehoo...

CRS_98-938

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Defining the Defense Acquisition Workforce", "A Historical Perspective", "Current Approaches", "Jefferson Solutions Report", "Pertinent Observations", "Issues for Congress", "Adequacy and Usefulness of New Definition", "Secretary of Defense's R...

{ "question": [ "What questions exist about the DOD workforce?", "Likely why do these questions exist?", "How have previous attempts to define the DOD workforce fared?", "Why did the DOD hire the Jefferson Solutions Group?", "What did the Jefferson Solutions Group issue about the DOD?", "What ...

CRS_R44437

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Roadmap", "Description of Telehealth and Telemedicine", "Selected Federal Telehealth Activities", "Patient Care", "Department of Veterans Affairs", "Department of Defense", "Indian Health Service", "Health Insurance and Financing", "Medicar...

{ "question": [ "What is Telehealth?", "What is telemedicine?", "Why are the two terms used interchangeably?", "How does the federal government engage in Telehealth?", "How did the VA provide Telehealth?", "How did Medicare provide Telehealth?", "What barriers were identified with the use ...

CRS_RL34560

{ "title": [ "", "Forest Carbon Markets", "Compliance Offset Markets", "Kyoto Protocol7", "Clean Development Mechanism", "Joint Implementation", "Ongoing Kyoto Developments", "European Union's Emission Trading Scheme", "Regional Initiatives in the United States", "Mandatory U.S...

{ "question": [ "How do forests contribute to carbon levels?", "How have some carbon markets been formed?", "Why have non-mandatory carbon markets been formed?", "What is allowed concerning offsets?", "How are forests good for offsets?", "What forest activities can be used for carbon offsets?"...

CRS_R45706

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Advanced Reactor Technologies", "Advanced Water-Cooled Reactors", "Small Modular Light Water Reactors", "Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactor", "Non-Water-Cooled Reactors", "High Temperature Gas Reactors", "Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor", "Sodium-Coole...

{ "question": [ "What is an \"advanced nuclear reactor\"?", "What reactors are included under the label advanced nuclear reactor?", "What are these designs often also considered to be?", "What supports the advanced nuclear reactors?", "What was the first act to support the advanced nuclear reactor...

CRS_R42097

{ "title": [ "", "History of the Qualifications Clause in the Federal Convention of 1787", "Procedural History", "Apparent Purpose and Intent", "Common Law Meaning of the Term \"Natural Born\" Citizen or Subject", "Common Law and the Constitution", "Common Law and Persons Born \"In\" the C...

{ "question": [ "Who can be considered natural-born citizens in the United States?", "For these people, what restrictions are in place for becoming presidents regarding their parenthood?", "What are the circumstances that raise citizenship concerns for those born outside of the country?", "What are th...

CRS_R41625

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Caveats", "A Brief History of Federal Low-Income Policy", "Overview of Federal Spending on Benefits and Services for People with Low Income", "Change in Spending from FY2008 to FY2009", "Budgetary Classification of Federal Spending on Benefits and Services...

{ "question": [ "Describe federal spending amounts on low-income programs between 2008 and 2009.", "What caused the increased spending of the two years?", "Where did the majority of funding for this come from?", "What is the purpose of social insurance programs?", "How does the focus of low-income...

CRS_R42936

{ "title": [ "", "Overview of Unemployment Insurance Programs", "Unemployment Compensation Program", "Emergency Unemployment Compensation Program (Expired)", "EUC08 Benefit Ended on December 28, 2013", "EUC08 Program Expired", "Impact of Federal \"Nonreduction\" Rule on State UC Laws", ...

{ "question": [ "How much longer has the EUCO8 program been extended?", "How does this extension impact the financing of the program?", "What has Congress decided about the extent of authorization?", "What does this report cover?", "what programs experienced reductions?" ], "summary": [ "P...

CRS_R44235

{ "title": [ "", "Background", "How Supreme Court Vacancies Occur10", "Death of a Sitting Justice", "Retirement or Resignation of a Sitting Justice", "Nomination of a Sitting Justice to Chief Justice Position", "Advice and Consent", "The Role of Senate Advice", "Advice from Other S...

{ "question": [ "How are Supreme Court appointments important?", "What influences does the Supreme Court have?", "How regularly can Supreme Court appointments be expected?", "What ensures the Court's independence?", "How do political considerations impact Supreme Court appointments?", "How doe...

CRS_R43919

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Caveats", "Nutrients: A Primer", "Adding Nutrients—Fertilizers", "Organic Fertilizers", "Inorganic Fertilizers", "Nitrogen", "Phosphorus", "Potassium", "Effects of Nutrient Excess on Water Quality", "Nitrogen", "Phosphorus", "En...

{ "question": [ "What factors have led to the development of BMPs in nutrient management?", "What are the main focuses of these BMPs?", "What is the focus of crop production BMPs?", "What is the focus of livestock BMPs?", "What is one of the main issues the 114th Congress is focusing on?", "Wh...

CRS_R44827

{ "title": [ "", "Evolution of Law Enforcement Exploiting Vulnerabilities", "Operation Torpedo", "Seizure of Freedom Hosting", "Operation Pacifier", "Operation Onymous", "San Bernardino iPhone", "Vulnerabilities Equities Process: Administration Policy, Not Law", "VEP Procedure", ...

{ "question": [ "What have discussions regarding law enforcement been focusing on recently?", "How have law enforcement groups utilized technology vulnerabilities?", "Why have law enforcement agencies explored new methods of finding information?", "What has been the result of increased difficulties in...

CRS_R42576

{ "title": [ "", "Background", "Impact of Current PTC Expiration", "Potential Impact of Extending the PTC", "Wind Installations", "Wind Turbine Manufacturing", "Short-Term versus Long-Term PTC Extension", "Other Factors that Affect U.S. Wind Development", "State Renewable Portfolio...

{ "question": [ "Why is the PTC important in the U.S wind industry?", "What projects are and are not eligible for PTC incentives?", "Why are industry members advocating for PTC availability extensions?", "What benefits would an extension provide?", "How will an extension impact the wind industry?"...

GAO_GAO-16-155

{ "title": [ "Background", "Overview of IRS Referrals for Tax Noncompliance", "Paper Information Referrals Mailed to IRS", "IRS Roles and Responsibilities for Processing Information Referrals", "Information Referral Screening Is a Manual Process, and Operating Division Priorities Determine Audit S...

{ "question": [ "What role do internal controls play in the IRS's information referral process?", "Why are effective internal controls important to the IRS?", "How does incomplete documentation influence this process?", "Why is a lack of procedures for control deficiencies hurting the IRS?", "What...

GAO_GAO-16-608

{ "title": [ "Background", "WIPP Facility Layout and Base Operations", "WIPP Truck Fire and Radiological Release Accidents and Investigation Reports", "DOE’s Requirements for Operations Activities and for Project Management Applicable to the WIPP Recovery Effort", "GAO’s Best Practices for Cost an...

{ "question": [ "What is WIPP?", "Why were waste operations suspended?", "What did the DOE state as their goal in February 2015?", "How did they plan to achieve their goal?", "What was included in the Senate Report?", "What did the report examine?", "What did GAO examine?", "What did t...

GAO_GAO-16-351

{ "title": [ "Background", "Status of Making Home Affordable Program Funding Balance", "Making Home Affordable Program Components", "Changes in Mortgage Performance Since 2009", "Changes in the Volume of Mortgage Loan Modifications Since 2009", "HAMP Modifications’ Effect on Borrowers’ Monthly...

{ "question": [ "Why did Treasury originally say they could not make estimates regarding future participation?", "How did the GAO respond to Treasury's lack of estimates?", "What other factors help Treasury make estimates?", "What was Treasury’s intention regarding transferring funds?", "Why was T...

CRS_R40080

{ "title": [ "", "Net Job Loss", "Infrastructure Spending and Job Creation Estimates", "Job Creation Estimates: What Are They?", "Some Caveats", "The Multiplier Effect", "Job Estimates and Construction Spending", "The Federal Highway Administration", "BLS Employment Requirements Ta...

{ "question": [ "How does Congress usually mitigate recessions?", "What specifically does funding go to when public works spending is increased?", "How has the definition of infrastructure changed?", "What is a common consideration about congressional economic stimulus?", "How is this sometimes me...

GAO_GAO-19-21

{ "title": [ "Background", "Medical Centers Rely on Environment of Care Inspections to Identify Deficiencies but May Encounter Challenges in Completing Needed Repairs", "Environment of Care Inspections", "Challenges in Addressing Identified Deficiencies", "Workload", "Staffing", "VHA Takes...

{ "question": [ "How does the VHA identify maintenance and repair needs?", "What other purpose do these inspections serve?", "What are the steps of the inspection?", "What do the inspections usually find?", "What issues are these findings causing?", "How has the response time for these deficie...

CRS_R41200

{ "title": [ "", "Background1", "The Ouagadougou Declaration", "Congressional Interest", "The Government of National Unity", "U.S. and Other International Reactions", "Issues for U.S. Policy", "Bilateral Relations with the Transitional Government", "Aid Restrictions", "Travel R...

{ "question": [ "What resulted in the development of a \"government of national unity\" in Guinea?", "How has the CNDD compromised with power?", "How have temporary powers been established?", "What caused political uncertainty?", "How has this reduced international concern?", "What concerns st...

GAO_GAO-17-704

{ "title": [ "Background", "Antiterrorism Assistance Program Management", "ATA Funding Allocations for Fiscal Years 2012 through 2016", "ATA Contract and Training Facilities", "Restrictions on Security- Related Assistance Based on Human Rights Concerns", "ATA Participant Nonimmigrant Visas and...

{ "question": [ "How has ATA training been improved?", "What requirements are training facilities held to?", "What did the GAO observe on their visit?", "What goals does the state's ATA have?", "How are these goals being achieved?", "What training did these officials have?", "What was GAO ...

GAO_GAO-13-629

{ "title": [ "Background", "TSA Security Threat Assessments and Responsible Offices", "Adjudication Center Contractor Related Performance Challenges", "Adjudication Center Performance Data Show Mixed Results, Accuracy Measures Are Limited, and Performance Measurement Practices Are Not Fully Documented...

{ "question": [ "What TSA offices help implement security threat assessments?", "What could be improved in how the two TSA offices share information?", "What issues were there with program managers regarding the staffing plan?", "What could the offices do to improve upon these issues?", "What conc...

CRS_RL34664

{ "title": [ "", "Background and Introduction", "Who and What Qualifies for the Credit?", "Who Is a First-time Homebuyer?", "What Is a Principal Residence?", "What Is a Purchase?", "When Must the Property Be Purchased?", "How Much Is the Credit?", "Dollar Limitation", "Purchase...

{ "question": [ "What can homebuyers do to receive the first-time homebuyer tax credit?", "How does P.L. 111-198 further benefit homebuyers?", "How was the first-time homebuyer credit established?", "How was this credit later extended?", "What new homebuyers were included for the credit under P.L....

CRS_R43880

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "The COMPETES Acts", "Policy Debate", "Enactment and Reauthorization", "America COMPETES Act", "America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010", "Implementation Status", "PS&E Doubling Path Policy", "Selected STEM Education Activities30", "Ame...

{ "question": [ "Why is United States leadership at risk?", "Why is this research and education considered so important?", "How are other nations changing regarding education in STEM fields?", "How do these nations’ changes affect the United States?", "What concern propelled the passage of P.L. 11...

GAO_GAO-16-180

{ "title": [ "Background", "Increased Apprehensions", "ORR’s Responsibility for Children", "ORR Responded to the Increase in Unaccompanied Children by Expanding Its Capacity, but Has Not Yet Updated Its Plans to Meet Future Needs", "ORR Expanded Capacity to Care for the Highest Number of Children ...

{ "question": [ "What issue did ORR initially have when given the care of tens of thousands of children?", "What did ORR do to fix the issue for the future?", "How did the number of children in ORR's care change through 2015?", "How could ORR improve its ability to balance preparations for anticipated...

CRS_R44499

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Understanding the DOT Appropriations Act", "Reauthorization of Air Transportation Programs", "DOT Funding Trend", "DOT FY2017 Appropriations", "Selected Issues", "Highway Trust Fund Solvency", "National Infrastructure Investment (TIGER Grants)", ...

{ "question": [ "What does the DOT appropriations bill do?", "What changed regarding funding for transportation infrastructure?", "What issue has arisen as a result of this decision?", "How has the federal excise tax on motor fuel changed over the years?", "How has Congress addressed issues surrou...

CRS_R40107

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "The Context: Current Economic Conditions", "Defining Infrastructure in Today's Context", "Infrastructure and the Economy", "Productivity and Output", "Infrastructure Job Creation", "The Contribution of Infrastructure to Economic Stimulus", "Issues"...

{ "question": [ "Why has interest in using federal spending for fiscal stimulus intensified?", "What are some approaches to using federal government spending to stimulate the economy?", "What does this report address?", "What two issues do academics, economists, and policymakers debate concerning infr...

CRS_RL31073

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Formula and Other Changes", "Grants Allocation Before P.L. 92-500 (Pre-1973)", "P.L. 92-500 and the Formula for 1973-1974", "The 1973 Needs Survey", "Formula Applicable in 1975 and 1976", "1977 Allocation and Appropriations", "Allotment under the P...

{ "question": [ "What does this report describe?", "What trends and institutional preferences can be discerned?", "What issues have arisen with the allocation formula?", "What amendments have been adopted?", "Why has crafting an allotment formula been so controversial?", "How has this controve...

CRS_R44609

{ "title": [ "", "The Paris Agreement in Context", "Introduction", "What is the relationship of the PA to the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol?", "What are some key policy takeaways from Paris?", "Requirements and Recommendations in the PA", "What is the purpose and long-term goal of the PA?"...

{ "question": [ "How do experts consider the greenhouse gas (GHG) in the environment?", "How do these facts influence the PA?", "What is true about US GHG emissions?", "How is the PA related to current treaties?", "What does the PA ask of participating nations?", "How are nations bound to the ...

CRS_R40145

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "EPA's Greenhouse Gas Regulations", "Legislation on Climate Change", "Legislative and Regulatory Issues", "Cap-and-Trade", "GHG Emission Standards", "HFC Cap-and-Trade", "Removal of Existing EPA Authorities", "Agricultural Sources of Emissions",...

{ "question": [ "What clean air issues have been the focus of Congress?", "How does EPA policy differ from the Obama Administration preferences for climate change legislation?", "What regulations has EPA developed?", "How will EPA standards change the HGH?", "How has Congress combatted unwanted EP...

GAO_GAO-19-448

{ "title": [ "Background", "State, USAID, and UNRWA Fund Education Assistance in the West Bank and Gaza.", "State", "The U.S. Government Funded an Estimated $243 Million for Education Assistance in the West Bank and Gaza for Fiscal Years 2015 through 2017, and UNRWA Purchased English Language Textbook...

{ "question": [ "How does the US assist education in the West Bank and Gaza (WBG)?", "How is the State's contribution specifically used?", "How does the UNRWA use education funds?", "How does the UNRWA fund textbooks published by the Palestinian Authority?", "How have UNRWA and State handled probl...

GAO_GAO-12-269

{ "title": [ "Background", "Staffing, Budgeting, and Training", "CBP Revised Its Training for Newly Hired CBP Officers Consistent with Its Training Standards", "CBP Has Taken Steps to Identify and Address Incumbent Officer Training Needs but Could Do More to Improve Oversight", "CBP Uses Covert Te...

{ "question": [ "Why did the CBP revise its training program?", "How did the CBD fulfill these standards?", "How was the curriculum designed in response to their team of experts?", "How did the curriculum cover identification of potential issues?", "How could the CBD broadly improve officer traini...

GAO_GAO-15-604T

{ "title": [ "Background", "FECA and Retirement under FERS", "Partial and Total-disability", "FECA Operations", "Proposed FECA Revisions Would Reduce Median Wage Replacement Rates and Increase the Difference between Total- Disability Beneficiaries With and Without a Dependent", "Proposed Singl...

{ "question": [ "What did the GAO find about proposals to reduce FECA benefits?", "How does the current FECA benefit package compare to the retirement benefit package for USPS and non-USPS beneficiaries?", "What individuals did the GAO simulations cover?", "How did the GAO find the reduced FECA benefi...

GAO_GAO-14-196T

{ "title": [ "Several Factors Are Important to Secure Maritime Borders and DHS Has Made Progress to Address Them, but Challenges Remain", "Maintaining Robust Maritime Domain Awareness", "Assessing Risks Coming from Foreign Ports", "Leveraging International Partnerships in Global Supply Chain Security"...

{ "question": [ "What is maritime domain awareness?", "How has the Coast Guard enhanced maritime domain awareness?", "How does the GAO regard the Coast Guards systems?", "What is one of the pitfalls the GAO found in the Coast Guard system?", "How does the GAO recommend this issue be addressed?", ...

CRS_RL32776

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction and Issue for Congress", "Background", "Full Funding Policy", "General Description", "Advance Procurement (AP) Payments Under Full Funding", "AP Payments for Long-Lead Items", "AP Payments for EOQ under Multiyear Procurement", "\"One Decision for One ...

{ "question": [ "How do advance appropriations work?", "How does this affect the funding of the end item?", "Why are advance appropriations useful?", "What are potential negative effects of advance appropriations?", "How could incremental funding affect the cost of Navy ships?", "What options ...

CRS_R41423

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "Express Authorization for State and Local Officers to Enforce Federal Immigration Law", "Delegation of Immigration Enforcement Authority via Cooperative Agreement Under INA Section 287(g)", "Delegation of Immigration Enforcement Authority to Respond to Mass Influx...

{ "question": [ "How is the power to regulate alien entry into the United States delegated?", "How did Congress define the U.S.'s immigration laws?", "How is this legislation upheld?", "What is the nature of the enforcement regime?", "In what ways does Congress not necessarily have exclusive autho...

CRS_R44607

{ "title": [ "", "Introduction", "CEIP Proposed Rule—Overview", "Legal Status of the CPP and CEIP" ], "paragraphs": [ "", "The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established the Clean Energy Incentive Program (CEIP) as a voluntary complement to its regulatory program known as the C...

{ "question": [ "What is the CEIP?", "How can states participate in the CEIP?", "How does the CEIP help states meet emission reduction targets?", "How would renewable energy projects receive credits?", "How will low-income community projects receive credits differently?", "How many credits wou...

CRS_RL34422

{ "title": [ "", "Patents and Innovation Policy", "The Mechanics of the Patent System", "Innovation Policy", "Continuing Application Practice Reform", "Continued Application Practice", "The USPTO Continued Application Rules", "Patent Claiming Practice Reform", "Patent Claiming Prac...

{ "question": [ "How would the rules affect \"continued applications\"?", "What is a continued application?", "Why does the USPTO want to regulate continued applications?", "Why might Congress not take action regarding the USPTO?", "How could Congress intervene?", "How could Congress specifica...