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EN_0_0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | 0.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 0 | null | george_washington february february december father president united_states serve commander continental_army washington lead patriot force victory american_revolutionary war british_empire know father nation role bring american independence | george_washington februar februar_ebenda präsident vereinigt_staat kommandeur_kontinentalarmee führen washington sieg amerikanisch_revolutionskrieg britisch reich vater nation rolle herstellung amerikanisch unabhängigkeit | EN_0_0 | [
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EN_0_1 | Born in the Colony of Virginia, Washington became the commander of the Virginia Regiment during the French and Indian War (1754–1763). He was later elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses, and opposed the perceived oppression of the American colonists by the British Crown. When the American Revolutionary War against... | 1.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 1 | null | bear colony virginia washington commander virginia regiment french_indian war elect virginia house_burgesses oppose perceive oppression american colonist british crown american_revolutionary war british begin washington appoint commander_chief continental_army direct organize equip force disciplined british troop washi... | gebor kolonie virginia washington französisch_indisch krieg kommandeur virginia house_of burgesses wählen lehnen vermeintlich unterdrückung amerikanisch_kolonist britisch_krone amerikanisch_revolutionskrieg brite beginnen washington oberbefehlshaber_kontinentalarmee ernennen leiten organisiert_ausgerüstet kraft diszipl... | EN_0_1 | [
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EN_0_2 | Washington was unanimously elected the first U.S. president by the Electoral College in 1788 and 1792. He implemented a strong, well-financed national government while remaining impartial in the fierce rivalry that emerged within his cabinet between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton. During the French Revolution,... | 2.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 2 | null | washington elect president electoral_college implement strong finance national government remain impartial fierce rivalry emerge cabinet thomas_jefferson alexander_hamilton french_revolution proclaim policy_neutrality support jay_treaty britain washington set endure precedent office president include republicanism peac... | washington vereinigt_staat wählen präsident wahlkollegium setzen stark finanziert national_regierung bleiben heftig rivalität kabinett thomas_jefferson alexander_hamilton entstehen französisch_revolution proklamieren politik neutralität unterstützen großbritannien washington setzen dauerhaft präzedenzfälle amt präsiden... | EN_0_2 | [
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EN_0_3 | Washington's image is an icon of American culture and he has been extensively memorialized. His namesakes include the national capital and the State of Washington. In both popular and scholarly polls, he is consistently considered one of the greatest presidents in American history. | 3.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 3 | null | washington image icon_american culture memorialize namesake include national capital state washington popular scholarly poll consider great president american history | washington bild ikone amerikanisch kultur erinnerung_rufen namensvetter gehören hauptstadt staat washington populär wissenschaftlich umfrage gelten präsident amerikanisch geschichte | EN_0_3 | [
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EN_0_4 | George Washington was born on February 22, 1732, at Popes Creek in Westmoreland County, Virginia. He was the first of six children of Augustine and Mary Ball Washington. His father was a justice of the peace and a prominent public figure who had four additional children from his first marriage to Jane Butler. Washingto... | 4.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 4 | null | george_washington bear february popes_creek westmoreland_county virginia child augustine mary_ball washington father justice_peace prominent public figure world_health organization additional child_marriage jane_butler washington close father mention later year fractious relationship mother sibling_close old half_broth... | george_washington februar päpste_creek westmoreland_county virginia gebären_kind augustine mary_ball washington vater gerechtigkeit_frieden prominent öffentlich figur kind_ehe jane_butler washington vater erwähnen spät fraktiv beziehung mutter geschwister_alt halbbruder_lawrence | EN_0_4 | [
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EN_0_5 | The family moved to a plantation on Little Hunting Creek in 1735 before settling at Ferry Farm near Fredericksburg, Virginia, in 1738. When Augustine died in 1743, Washington inherited Ferry Farm and ten slaves; Lawrence inherited Little Hunting Creek and renamed it Mount Vernon. Because of his father's death, Washingt... | 5.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 5 | null | family_move plantation little_hunting creek settle ferry_farm fredericksburg_virginia augustine die washington inherit ferry_farm slave lawrence inherit_little hunting_creek rename information_technology mount_vernon father death washington formal_education eld half_brother receive appleby grammar_school england attend... | familie ziehen plantage little_hunting creek ferry_farm fredericksburg_virginia niederließ augustin sterben erben washington ferry_farm sklave lawrence erben little_hunting creek umbenennen mount_vernon tod_vater washington formal_ausbildung alt halbbrüder appleby grammar_school england erhalten besuchen lower church s... | EN_0_5 | [
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EN_0_6 | Washington often visited Belvoir, the plantation of William Fairfax, Lawrence's father-in-law, and Mount Vernon. Fairfax became Washington's patron and surrogate father. In 1748, Washington spent a month with a team surveying Fairfax's Shenandoah Valley property. The following year, he received a surveyor's license fro... | 6.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 6 | null | washington visit_belvoir plantation william_fairfax lawrence father law mount_vernon fairfax washington patron surrogate father washington spend_month team survey fairfax shenandoah_valley property following_year receive surveyor_license college_william mary washington serve customary apprenticeship thomas_fairfax will... | washington besuchen belvoir_plantage william_fairfax lawrences schwiegervater mount_vernon fairfax washington patron ersatzvater verbringen washington monat team fairfax grundstück shenandoah_valley untersuchen folgend erhalten college_of william_mary washington üblich lehre dienen ernennen thomas_fairfax williams cous... | EN_0_6 | [
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EN_0_7 | In 1751, Washington left mainland North America for the first and only time, when he accompanied Lawrence to Barbados, hoping the climate would cure his brother's tuberculosis. Washington contracted smallpox during the trip, which left his face slightly scarred. Lawrence died in 1752, and Washington leased Mount Vernon... | 7.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 7 | null | washington leave mainland north_america time accompany lawrence barbados hope climate cure brother tuberculosis washington contract smallpox trip leave face scarred lawrence die washington lease mount_vernon widow_anne inherit information_technology death | verlassen washington nordamerikanisch_festland einzig_mal lawrence barbado begleiten hoffnung klima tuberkulose bruder heilen washington ziehen reise pocken gesicht vernarben lassen lawrence sterben washington mietet mount_vernon witwe_anne erben_tod | EN_0_7 | [
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EN_0_8 | Lawrence Washington's service as adjutant general of the Virginia militia inspired George to seek a militia commission. Virginia's lieutenant governor, Robert Dinwiddie, appointed Washington as a major and commander of one of the four militia districts. The British and French were competing for control of the Ohio Rive... | 8.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 8 | null | lawrence washington service adjutant_general virginia militia inspire george seek militia commission virginia lieutenant_governor robert_dinwiddie appoint washington major commander militia district british french compete control ohio_river valley british construct fort river french river lake_erie | lawrence washington dienst generaladjutant virginia miliz inspiriert george milizkommission suchen gouverneur_virginia robert_dinwiddie ernennen washington major kommandeur milizbezirk brite franzose kämpfen kontrolle ohio_river valley brite bauen festung fluß franzose fluss eriesee | EN_0_8 | [
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EN_0_9 | In October 1753, Dinwiddie appointed Washington as a special envoy to demand the French forces vacate land that was claimed by the British. Washington was also directed to make peace with the Iroquois Confederacy and to gather intelligence about the French forces. Washington met with Iroquois leader Tanacharison at Log... | 9.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 9 | null | october dinwiddie appoint washington special_envoy demand french force vacate land british washington direct peace iroquois_confederacy gather_intelligence french force washington meet iroquois leader tanacharison logstown washington say meeting tanacharison name conotocaurius mean devourer village great_grandfather jo... | oktober ernennen dinwiddie washington sondergesandt französisch truppe fordern land räumen brite beanspruchen washington frieden_schließen information französisch streitkraft sammeln washington treffen irokese führer tanacharison logstown washington treffen tanacharison nennen conotocaurius name dörferverschwendung bed... | EN_0_9 | [
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EN_0_10 | Washington's party reached the Ohio River in November 1753 and was intercepted by a French patrol. The party was escorted to Fort Le Boeuf, where Washington was received in a friendly manner. He delivered the British demand to vacate to the French commander Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre, but the French refused to l... | 10.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 10 | null | washington party reach ohio_river november intercept_french patrol party escort fort_le boeuf washington receive friendly manner deliver british demand vacate french commander jacques_legardeur saint_pierre french refuse leave saint_pierre washington official answer day delay food winter_clothing party journey virginia... | washington partei erreichen ohio_river november französisch patrouille abgefangen party fort_le boeuf eskortieren washington empfangen übergeben britisch forderung französisch kommandeur jacques_legardeur de franzose weigern washington offiziell antwort verspätung essen winterkleidung partei reise virginia washington b... | EN_0_10 | [
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EN_0_11 | In February 1754, Dinwiddie promoted Washington to lieutenant colonel and second-in-command of the 300-strong Virginia Regiment, with orders to confront the French at the Forks of the Ohio. Washington set out with half the regiment in April and was soon aware that a French force of 1,000 had begun construction of Fort ... | 11.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 11 | null | february dinwiddie promote washington lieutenant_colonel second command strong virginia regiment order confront french forks_ohio washington set regiment april aware french force begin construction_fort duquesne establish defensive_position great_meadows washington learn french camp mile decide offensive french detachm... | februar beförderen dinwiddie washington oberstleutnant oberbefehlshaber befehl franzose fork ohio konfronti washington april hälfte regiment weg französisch truppe soldat bau_fort duquesne beginnen mai verteidigungsposition great_meadow washington erfahren franzose lager meile beschloss offensive französisch abteilung ... | EN_0_11 | [
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EN_0_12 | The rest of the Virginia Regiment joined Washington the following month with news that he had been promoted to the rank of colonel and given command of the full regiment. They were reinforced by an independent company of a hundred South Carolinians led by Captain James Mackay; his royal commission outranked Washington'... | 12.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 12 | null | rest virginia regiment join washington follow month news promote rank_colonel command regiment reinforce independent company south_carolinians lead captain james mackay royal commission outrank washington conflict command ensue july french soldier attack fort_necessity ensue battle end washington surrender washington s... | rest virginia regiment treten washington folgend_monat nachricht rang_oberst befördern kommando voll regiment geben unabhängig firma leitung_captain james mackay verstärken königlich_kommission überstieg washington konflikt kommando folgen juli greifen französisch soldat fort_necessity folgend schlacht enden washington... | EN_0_12 | [
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EN_0_13 | In 1755, Washington volunteered as an aide to General Edward Braddock, who led a British expedition to expel the French from Fort Duquesne and the Ohio Country. On Washington's recommendation, Braddock split the army into one main column and a smaller "flying column". Washington was suffering from severe dysentery so d... | 13.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 13 | null | washington volunteer aide general edward_braddock world_health organization lead british expedition expel french fort_duquesne ohio_country washington recommendation braddock split army main_column small fly_column washington suffer_severe dysentery travel expedition force rejoin braddock_monongahela ill french_indian ... | melden washington helfer general edward_braddock britisch expedition_leiten franzose fort_duquesne vertreiben washington empfehlung teilen braddock armee hauptsäule klein fliegend_säule washington leiden schwer ruhr reisen expeditionstruppe braddock monongahela überfallen franzose indisch_verbündeter geteilt armee drit... | EN_0_13 | [
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EN_0_14 | The Virginia Regiment was reconstituted in August 1755, and Dinwiddie appointed Washington its commander, again with the rank of colonel. Washington clashed over seniority almost immediately, this time with Captain John Dagworthy, who commanded a detachment of Marylanders at the regiment's headquarters in Fort Cumberla... | 14.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 14 | null | virginia regiment reconstitute august dinwiddie appoint washington commander rank_colonel washington clash seniority time captain_john dagworthy world_health organization command detachment marylanders regiment headquarters fort_cumberland washington impatient offensive fort_duquesne convince braddock grant royal commi... | virginia regiment august rekonstituieren dinwiddie ernennen washington kommandeur rang_oberst washington kollidieren rang captain_john dagworthy hauptquartier regiment fort_cumberland ablösung marylander kommandieren washington offensive fort_duquesne überzeugen braddock königlich_kommission gewähren drücken fall febru... | EN_0_14 | [
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EN_0_15 | In 1758, the Virginia Regiment was assigned to the British Forbes Expedition to capture Fort Duquesne. General John Forbes took Washington's advice on some aspects of the expedition but rejected his opinion on the best route to the fort. Forbes nevertheless made Washington a brevet brigadier general and gave him comman... | 15.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 15 | null | virginia regiment assign british forbes_expedition capture_fort duquesne general john_forbes washington advice aspect expedition reject opinion good route fort forbes washington brevet_brigadier general command_brigade assign assault fort french abandon_fort valley assault washington see friendly_fire incident leave de... | virginia regiment britisch forb expedition zuteilen fort_duquesne erobern general john_forbes washington rat aspekt expedition lehnen meinung weg fort forbes washington brevet_brigadegeneral kommando_brigade angriff festung einsetzen franzose fort tal angriff verlassen washington freundschaftlich brandfall tote_verletz... | EN_0_15 | [
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EN_0_16 | Under Washington, the Virginia Regiment had defended 300 miles (480 km) of frontier against twenty Indian attacks in ten months. He increased the professionalism of the regiment as it grew from 300 to 1,000 men. Though he failed to realize a royal commission, which made him hostile towards the British, he gained self-c... | 16.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 16 | null | washington virginia regiment defend mile frontier indian attack month increase professionalism regiment information_technology grow man fail realize royal commission hostile british gain self_confidence leadership_skill knowledge british military tactic destructive competition washington witness colonial politician fos... | washington virginia regiment meile_km grenze indisch angriff monat verteidigen steigern professionalität regiment mann wachsen versäumen königlich_kommission verwirklichen brite erlangen selbstvertrauen führungskompetenz kenntnis britisch militärtaktik zerstörerisch wettbewerb washington kolonialpolitiker erleben förde... | EN_0_16 | [
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EN_0_17 | On January 6, 1759, Washington, at age 26, married Martha Dandridge Custis, the 27-year-old widow of wealthy plantation owner Daniel Parke Custis. Martha was intelligent, gracious, and experienced in managing a planter's estate, and the couple had a happy marriage. They lived at Mount Vernon, where Washington cultivate... | 17.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 17 | null | january washington age marry martha_dandridge custis year_old widow wealthy plantation_owner daniel_parke custis_martha intelligent gracious experience manage planter estate couple happy_marriage live mount_vernon washington cultivate_tobacco wheat marriage washington control martha_dower interest acre custis_estate ma... | januar heiraten_martha dandridge_custis witwe wohlhabend plantagenbesitzer daniel_parke custis_martha erfahren verwaltung pflanzgut paar glücklich_ehe leben mount_vernon washington tabak_weizen kultivieren ehe washington kontrolle martha drittel interesse hektar custis_nachlass verwalten restlich drittel martha kind fo... | EN_0_17 | [
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EN_0_18 | At Washington's urging, Governor Lord Botetourt fulfilled Dinwiddie's 1754 promise to grant land bounties to those who served with volunteer militias during the French and Indian War. In late 1770, Washington inspected the lands in the Ohio and Great Kanawha regions, and he engaged surveyor William Crawford to subdivid... | 18.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 18 | null | washington urging governor lord botetourt fulfil dinwiddie promise grant land bounty world_health organization serve volunteer militia french_indian war late washington inspect land ohio great kanawha region engage surveyor william_crawford subdivide information_technology crawford allot acre washington world_health or... | drängen washington erfüllt gouverneur lord botetourt dinwiddies versprechen landgelder gewähren französisch_indisch krieg freiwillig_miliz dienen inspiziert washington länderei region ohio great kanawha engagieren vermesser william_crawford unterteil crawford verteilt acre washington veteran erzählten land landwirtscha... | EN_0_18 | [
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EN_0_19 | As a respected military hero and large landowner, Washington held local offices and was elected to the Virginia provincial legislature, representing Frederick County in the Virginia House of Burgesses for seven years beginning in 1758. Early in his legislative career, Washington rarely spoke at or even attended legisla... | 19.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 19 | null | respected military hero large_landowner washington hold local office elect virginia provincial_legislature represent frederick_county virginia house_burgesses year begin legislative career washington speak attend legislative_session active starting prominent critic britain taxation mercantilist policy american colony w... | angesehen militärheld großgrundbesitzer washington lokal amt virginia provinzgesetzgebende wählen frederick_county virginia house_of burgesses vertreten anfang gesetzgebend laufbahn sprechen washington legislativ_sitzung prominent kritiker britisch mercantilist politik amerikanisch kolonie washington importiert luxuswa... | EN_0_19 | [
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EN_0_20 | Washington was opposed to the taxes which the British Parliament imposed on the Colonies without proper representation. He believed the Stamp Act 1765 was oppressive and celebrated its repeal the following year. In response to the Townshend Acts, he introduced a proposal in May 1769 which urged Virginians to boycott Br... | 20.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 20 | null | washington oppose taxis british parliament impose colonies proper representation believe stamp_act oppressive celebrate repeal following_year response townshend_act introduce proposal urge virginians boycott_british good townshend_act repeal washington colonist anger royal_proclamation ban american settlement west alle... | washington steuer britisch_parlament kolonie angemessen vertretung auferlegen glauben stempel act feiern aufhebung folgend reaktion townshend_acts führen mai vorschlag virginian drängen britisch boykottieren townshend_acts aufheben washington kolonist königlich_proklamation amerikanisch siedlung allegheny_mountain verb... | EN_0_20 | [
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EN_0_21 | Parliament sought to punish Massachusetts colonists for their role in the Boston Tea Party in 1774 by passing the Coercive Acts, which Washington saw as "an invasion of our rights and privileges". That July, he and George Mason drafted a list of resolutions for the Fairfax County committee, including a call to end the ... | 21.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 21 | null | parliament seek punish massachusetts colonist role boston_tea party pass coercive_act washington see invasion right_privilege july george_mason draft list resolution fairfax_county committee include end atlantic_slave trade resolution adopt august washington attend virginia convention select_delegate continental_congre... | parlament versuchen massachusett kolonist rolle boston_tea party bestrafen zwangsgesetze verabschieden washington invasion privileg betrachten juli jahr erstellen george_mason liste resolution fairfax aufruf beendigung atlantisch_sklavenhandel resolution_annehmen august washington virginia_convention delegierter_kontin... | EN_0_21 | [
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EN_0_22 | The American Revolutionary War broke out on April 19, 1775, with the Battles of Lexington and Concord. Washington hastily departed Mount Vernon on May 4 to join the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia. On June 14, Congress created the Continental Army and John Adams nominated Washington as its commander-in-chie... | 22.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 22 | null | american_revolutionary war break april battle_lexington concord washington depart mount_vernon join second_continental congress philadelphia june congress create continental_army john_adams nominate washington commander_chief military experience belief virginian unite colony elect congress day washington acceptance_spe... | amerikanisch_revolutionskrieg brechen april schlacht_lexington concord washington verlassen mount_vernon mai kontinentalkongress_philadelphia beizutreen juni gründen kongress kontinentalarmee john_adams ernennen washington oberbefehlshaber militärisch_erfahrung überzeugung virginianer kolonie vereinen kongreß nächster ... | EN_0_22 | [
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EN_0_23 | Congress chose Washington's primary staff officers, including Artemas Ward, Horatio Gates, Charles Lee, Philip Schuyler, and Nathanael Greene. Henry Knox impressed Adams and Washington with his knowledge of ordnance and was promoted to colonel and chief of artillery. Similarly, Washington was impressed by Alexander Ham... | 23.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 23 | null | congress choose washington primary staff officer include artemas_ward horatio_gates charles_lee philip_schuyler nathanael_greene henry_knox impress adams washington knowledge ordnance promote colonel chief artillery washington impress alexander_hamilton intelligence bravery promote hamilton colonel appoint aide_camp | kongreß wählen washington primär stabsoffizier artemas_ward horatio_gates charles_lee philip_schuyler nathanael_greene henry_knox beeindrucken adams washington wissen ordnance oberst chef artillerie befördern washington alexander_hamiltons intelligenz tapferkeit beeindrucken promoten hamilton oberst ernennen adjutanten... | EN_0_23 | [
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EN_0_24 | Washington initially banned the enlistment of Black soldiers, both free and enslaved. The British saw an opportunity to divide the colonies: the colonial governor of Virginia issued a proclamation promising freedom to slaves if they joined the British forces. In response to this proclamation and the need for troops, Wa... | 24.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 24 | null | washington ban enlistment black soldier free enslave british see_opportunity divide colony colonial governor virginia issue_proclamation promise_freedom slave join british force response proclamation need troop washington overturn ban end war tenth soldier continental_army black obtain freedom | washington verbieten einberufung schwarz soldat versklaevten brite sehen gelegenheit kolonie teilen kolonial gouverneur_virginia proklamation vielversprechend freiheit sklave britisch streitkraft reaktion proklamation notwendigkeit truppe washington verbot aufheben krieg zehntel soldat_kontinentalarmee erhalten freihei... | EN_0_24 | [
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EN_0_25 | In April 1775, in response to the growing rebellious movement, British troops occupied Boston, led by General Thomas Gage, commander of British forces in America. Local militias surrounded the city and trapped the British troops, resulting in a standoff. As Washington headed for Boston, he was greeted by cheering crowd... | 25.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 25 | null | april response grow rebellious movement british troop occupy boston lead general thomas_gage commander british force america local_militia surround city trap british troop result standoff washington head boston greet cheer_crowd political ceremony symbol patriot washington arrival july inspect army undisciplined militi... | april besetzt britisch_truppe reaktion wachsend rebellisch bewegung boston anführen general thomas_gage kommandeur britisch streitkraft amerika lokal_miliz umzingelen stadt sperren britisch_truppe rückzug führen washington boston fahren jubelnd menschenmeng politisch zeremonie begrüßen symbol washington ankunft juli in... | EN_0_25 | [
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EN_0_26 | When the Charles River froze over, Washington was eager to cross and storm Boston, but Gates and others were opposed to having untrained militia attempt to assault well-garrisoned fortifications. Instead, Washington agreed to secure the Dorchester Heights above Boston to try to force the British out. On March 17, 8,906... | 26.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 26 | null | charles_river freeze washington eager cross storm boston gates oppose untrained militia attempt assault garrison fortification washington agree secure dorchester_heights boston force british march british troop loyalist woman_child begin chaotic naval evacuation washington enter city man explicit order plunder refrain ... | charles_river einfrieren washington boston durchqueren stürmen gates ungeübt miliz versuchen gewappnet festung angreifen stimmen washington dorchester_height boston sichern brite herauszwingen märz beginnen britisch_truppe loyalist frau_kind chaotisch marineevakuierung washington betreten stadt mann ausdrücklich befehl... | EN_0_26 | [
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EN_0_27 | After the victory at Boston, Washington correctly guessed that the British would return to New York City and retaliate. He arrived there on April 13, 1776, and ordered the construction of fortifications. He also ordered his forces to treat civilians and their property with respect, to avoid the abuses Bostonians suffer... | 27.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 27 | null | victory boston washington guess british return new_york city retaliate arrive april order construction fortification order force treat civilian property respect avoid abuse bostonians suffer hand british troop british force include ship thousand troop begin arrive staten_island july lay_siege city | sieg boston ahnen washington brite new_york city zurückkehren rächen april befehlen bau befestigungsanlagen befehlen streitkraft zivilist eigentum respekt behandeln misshandlunge vermeiden bostoner britisch_truppe erleiden britisch streitkraft schiff tausend truppe beginnen juli stat_island ankommen stadt belagern | EN_0_27 | [
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EN_0_28 | Howe's troop strength totaled 32,000 regulars and Hessian auxiliaries; Washington had 23,000 men, mostly untrained recruits and militia. In August, Howe landed 20,000 troops at Gravesend, Brooklyn, and approached Washington's fortifications. Overruling his generals, Washington chose to fight, based on inaccurate inform... | 28.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 28 | null | howe troop strength total regular hessian_auxiliary washington man untrained recruit militia august howe land troop gravesend brooklyn approach washington fortification overrule general washington choose fight base inaccurate information howe army soldier battle long_island howe assault washington flank inflict patriot... | howes truppenstärk betragen stammgäste hessisch hilfskräfte washington mann ungeschult rekrut miliz august landen_howe truppe gravesend brooklyn näheren washington festung washington überwältigen general entscheiden kämpfen ungenau information howe armee soldat schlacht_long island überfiel howe washington flanke verur... | EN_0_28 | [
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EN_0_29 | Howe sent a message to Washington to negotiate peace, addressing him as "George Washington, Esq." Washington declined to accept the message, demanding to be addressed with diplomatic protocol—not as a rebel. Despite misgivings, Washington heeded the advice of General Greene to defend Fort Washington, but was ultimately... | 29.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 29 | null | howe send_message washington negotiate_peace address george_washington esq washington decline accept message demand address diplomatic protocol rebel misgiving washington heed advice general greene defend fort washington force abandon information_technology howe_pursue washington retreat hudson_river fort_lee november ... | howe schicken botschaft washington frieden_verhandeln sprechen george_washington esq washington lehnen botschaft annehmen verlangen diplomatisch protokoll ansprechen rebell zweifeln beherzigen washington rat general greene fort washington verteidigen zwingen aufgeben howe_verfolgen washington ziehen hudson_river fort_l... | EN_0_29 | [
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EN_0_30 | Washington crossed the Delaware River into Pennsylvania, where General John Sullivan joined him with 2,000 more troops. The future of the Continental Army was in doubt due to a lack of supplies, a harsh winter, expiring enlistments, and desertions. Howe posted a Hessian garrison at Trenton to hold western New Jersey an... | 30.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 30 | null | washington cross_delaware river pennsylvania general john_sullivan join troop future continental_army doubt lack_supply harsh_winter expiring_enlistment desertion howe post hessian_garrison trenton hold western new_jersey east shore_delaware sunrise december washington aid colonel knox_artillery lead man successful_sur... | washington überqueren_delawar river pennsylvania general john_sullivan truppe zukunft kontinentalarmee zweifel vorräte fehlen hart_winter ansammlung desertion ausbrachen howe posten hessisch_garnison trenton west new_jersey ostküste delawar halten sonnenaufgang dezember führen washington unterstützen colonel knox artil... | EN_0_30 | [
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EN_0_31 | Washington returned to New Jersey on January 3, 1777, launching an attack on the British regulars at Princeton, with 40 Americans killed or wounded and 273 British killed or captured. Howe retreated to New York City for the winter. Washington took up winter headquarters in Morristown, New Jersey. Strategically, Washing... | 31.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 31 | null | washington return new_jersey january launch_attack british regular princeton americans kill_wound british kill capture howe retreat new_york city winter washington winter headquarters_morristown new_jersey washington victory trenton_princeton pivotal revive patriot_morale quash british strategy overwhelming force follo... | januar kehren washington new_jersey amerikaner töten_verwunden brite töten nehmen howe ziehen winter new_york city washington übernehmen wintersitz morristown_new jersey washington sieg_trenton princeton beleben zerstören britisch strategie überwältigend kraft zeigen folgen großzügig_bedingung verlauf_krieg verändern | EN_0_31 | [
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EN_0_32 | In July 1777, the British general John Burgoyne led his British troops south from Quebec in the Saratoga campaign; he recaptured Fort Ticonderoga, intending to divide New England. However, General Howe took his army from New York City south to Philadelphia rather than joining Burgoyne near Albany. Washington and Gilber... | 32.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 32 | null | july british general john_burgoyne lead british troop quebec saratoga_campaign recapture_fort ticonderoga intend divide new_england general_howe army new_york city philadelphia join burgoyne albany washington gilbert marquis_lafayette rush philadelphia engage howe battle_brandywine september howe outmaneuver washington... | juli führen britisch general john_burgoyne britisch_truppe quebec kehren fort_ticonderoga new_england teilen general_howe armee new_york city süden philadelphia burgoyne albany washington gilbert marquis_de lafayette eilen philadelphia howe engagieren schlacht_brandywin september übermannen howe washington marschieren ... | EN_0_32 | [
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EN_0_33 | In Upstate New York, the Patriots were led by General Horatio Gates. Concerned about Burgoyne's movements southward, Washington sent reinforcements north with Generals Benedict Arnold and Benjamin Lincoln. On October 7, 1777, Burgoyne tried to take Bemis Heights but was isolated from support and forced to surrender. Ga... | 33.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 33 | null | upstate_new york patriots lead general_horatio gates concerned burgoyne movement washington send_reinforcement general_benedict arnold benjamin_lincoln october burgoyne bemis_heights isolate support force surrender gates victory embolden washington critic world_health organization favor gates military leader accord_bio... | upstate_new york patriot general_horatio gates anführen burgoyne bewegung süden schicken washington verstärkung norden general_benedict arnold benjamin_lincoln oktober versuchen burgoyne bemi height nehmen unterstützung isolieren zwingen ergeben sieg ermutigen washington kritiker militärführer begünstigen biographe joh... | EN_0_33 | [
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EN_0_34 | Washington and his army of 11,000 men went into winter quarters at Valley Forge north of Philadelphia in December 1777. There they lost between 2,000 and 3,000 men as a result of disease and lack of food, clothing, and shelter, reducing the army to below 9,000 men. By February, Washington was facing low troop morale an... | 34.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 34 | null | washington army man winter_quarter valley_forge north philadelphia december lose man result disease lack_food clothing shelter reduce army man february washington face low troop morale increased desertion internal_revolt officer prompt member congress consider remove washington command washington supporter resist matte... | washington armee mann winterquartier_valley forge philadelphia dezember verlieren krankheit mangel nahrung_kleidung unterschlupf mann armee mann reduzieren februar stehen washington niedrig truppenmoral vermehrt desertion intern revolte offizier veranlassen mitglied_kongreß erwägen washington kommando entfernen washing... | EN_0_34 | [
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EN_0_35 | Washington made repeated petitions to Congress for provisions and expressed the urgency of the situation to a congressional delegation. Congress agreed to strengthen the army's supply lines and reorganize the quartermaster and commissary departments, while Washington launched the Grand Forage of 1778 to collect food fr... | 35.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 35 | null | washington repeat petition congress provision express urgency situation congressional_delegation congress agree strengthen army supply_line reorganize quartermaster commissary washington launch grand forage collect food surround_region baron_friedrich wilhelm_von steuben incessant drilling transform washington recruit ... | washington wiederholt petition kongress bestimmung drücken dringlichkeit situation kongressdelegation kongress stimmen versorgungslini armee stärken kommissarsdepartement reorganisieren washington grand forage leben_rufen lebensmittel umliegend_region sammeln verwandeln baron_friedrich wilhelm_steuben unaufhörlich bohr... | EN_0_35 | [
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EN_0_36 | In early 1778, the French entered into a Treaty of Alliance with the Americans. In May, Howe resigned and was replaced by Sir Henry Clinton. The British evacuated Philadelphia for New York that June and Washington summoned a war council of American and French generals. He chose to order a limited strike on the retreati... | 36.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 36 | null | early french enter treaty_alliance americans howe resign replace sir_henry clinton british evacuate_philadelphia new_york june washington summon war council american french general choose order limited strike retreat british generals lee lafayette move man washington knowledge bungle strike june washington relieve_lee ... | anfang schließen franzose bündnisvertrag amerikaner mai treten howe sir_henry clinton ersetzen brite evakuiert philadelphia new_york juni washington beriefen kriegsrat amerikanisch französisch general entscheiden begrenzt streik zurückziehend brite general lee lafayette ziehen mann washington wissen verprügelen streik ... | EN_0_36 | [
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EN_0_37 | This battle "marked the end of the war's campaigning in the northern and middle states. Washington would not fight the British in a major engagement again for more than three years". British attention shifted to the Southern theatre; in late 1778, General Clinton captured Savannah, Georgia, a key port in the American S... | 37.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 37 | null | battle mark end war campaigning northern middle state washington fight british major_engagement year british attention_shift southern theatre late general clinton capture_savannah georgia key port american south washington order expedition iroquois indigenous_ally british destroy_village | schlacht markieren kriegskampagne nördlich_mittlerer staat washington brite engagement bekämpfen britisch aufmerksamkeit verlageren südlich_theater erobern general clinton savannah_georgia wichtig hafen amerikanisch süden washington ordnen expedition irokese indigen_verbündeter brite dorf zerstören | EN_0_37 | [
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EN_0_38 | Washington became America's first spymaster by designing an espionage system against the British. In 1778, Major Benjamin Tallmadge formed the Culper Ring at Washington's direction to covertly collect information about the British in New York. Intelligence from the Culper Ring saved French forces from a surprise Britis... | 38.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 38 | null | washington america spymaster design espionage system british major benjamin_tallmadge form culper_ring washington direction collect information british new_york intelligence culper_ring save french force surprise british attack base intelligence washington general turn british spy benedict_arnold | washington amerika spionagemeister spionagesystem brite entwerfen gründen major_benjamin tallmadge culper_ring washington information brite new_york sammeln geheimdienst culper_ring retten französisch truppe überraschend britisch angriff geheimdienst washington general basiern britisch spion benedict_arnold verwandeln | EN_0_38 | [
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EN_0_39 | Washington had disregarded incidents of disloyalty by Arnold, who had distinguished himself in many campaigns, including the invasion of Quebec. In 1779, Arnold began supplying the British spymaster John André with sensitive information intended to allow the British to capture West Point, a key American defensive posit... | 39.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 39 | null | washington disregard incident disloyalty arnold world_health organization distinguish campaign include invasion_quebec arnold begin supply british spymaster john_andré sensitive information intend allow british capture west_point key american defensive_position hudson_river september arnold_andré plan garrison andré_ca... | washington fall untreue arnold kampagne invasion_quebec auszeichnen ignorieren beginnen arnold britisch spionagemeister john_andré sensibel information versorgen brite ermöglichen west_point wichtig amerikanisch verteidigungsposition hudson_river erobern september arnold_andré plan garnison übernehmen andré miliz nehme... | EN_0_39 | [
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EN_0_40 | By June 1780, the British had occupied the South Carolina Piedmont and had firm control of the South. Washington was reinvigorated, however, when Lafayette returned from France with more ships, men, and supplies, and 5,000 veteran French troops led by Marshal Rochambeau arrived at Newport, Rhode Island in July. | 40.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 40 | null | june british occupy south_carolina piedmont firm control south washington reinvigorate lafayette return france ship man supply veteran french troop lead marshal rochambeau arrive newport_rhode island july | juni brite south_carolina piedmont besetzen fest kontrolle süden washington beleben lafayette schiff mann vorräte frankreich_zurückkehren französisch veteran führung marschall rochambeau juli newport_rhode island ankamen | EN_0_40 | [
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EN_0_41 | General Clinton sent Arnold, now a British brigadier general, to Virginia in December with 1,700 troops to capture Portsmouth and conduct raids on Patriot forces. Washington sent Lafayette south to counter Arnold's efforts. Washington initially hoped to bring the fight to New York, drawing the British forces away from ... | 41.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 41 | null | general clinton send arnold british brigadier_general virginia december troop capture portsmouth conduct_raid patriot force washington send lafayette counter arnold effort washington hope bring fight new_york draw british force virginia end war rochambeau advise cornwallis virginia well target august washington_rochamb... | general clinton schicken arnold britisch brigadegeneral dezember truppe virginia portsmouth erobern razzie durchführen washington schicken lafayette süden arnold bemühung begegnen washington hoffen kampf new_york bringen ziehen britisch_truppe virginia beenden krieg rochambeau raten cornwalli virginia ziel august begin... | EN_0_41 | [
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EN_0_42 | By late September, Patriot-French forces surrounded Yorktown, trapping the British Army, while the French navy emerged victorious at the Battle of the Chesapeake. The final American offensive began with a shot fired by Washington. The siege ended with a British surrender on October 19, 1781; over 7,000 British soldiers... | 42.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 42 | null | late september patriot french force surround yorktown trap british army french_navy emerge_victorious battle_chesapeake final american offensive begin shot_fire washington siege end british surrender october british soldier prisoner war washington negotiate term surrender day official signing_ceremony place october pea... | september umzingelt truppe yorktown britisch_armee fangen französisch_marine schlacht_chesapeake hervorgehen letzter amerikanisch offensive beginnen schuss washington abfeuern belagerung enden britisch kapitulation oktober britisch soldat kriegsgefangener washington verhandeln bedingung_kapitulation offiziell unterzeic... | EN_0_42 | [
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EN_0_43 | When peace negotiations began in April 1782, both the British and French began gradually evacuating their forces. In March 1783, Washington successfully calmed the Newburgh Conspiracy, a planned mutiny by American officers dissatisfied with a lack of pay. Washington submitted an account of $450,000 in expenses which he... | 43.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 43 | null | peace_negotiation begin april british french begin evacuate force march washington calm newburgh_conspiracy plan mutiny american officer dissatisfied lack pay washington submit account expense advance army account settle information_technology vague large_sum include expense wife incur visit headquarter | friedensverhandlung april beginnen beginnen brite franzose truppe evakuieren märz beruhigen washington newburgh_conspiracy geplant meuterei amerikanisch offizier mangel bezahlung washington reichen konto ausgabe armee vorrücken konto abgewickeln summe ausgabe beinhalten frau besuch hauptquartier anfallen | EN_0_43 | [
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EN_0_44 | When the Treaty of Paris was signed on September 3, 1783, Britain officially recognized American independence. Washington disbanded his army, giving a farewell address to his soldiers on November 2. He oversaw the evacuation of British forces in New York and was greeted by parades and celebrations. | 44.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 44 | null | treaty_paris sign september britain recognize american independence washington disband army farewell_address soldier november oversee evacuation british force new_york greet parade celebration | vertrag_paris september unterzeichnen erkennen großbritannien unabhängigkeit vereinigt_staat washington lösen armee november abschiedsrede soldat überwachen evakuierung britisch_truppe new_york parade feier begrüßen | EN_0_44 | [
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EN_0_45 | In early December 1783, Washington bade farewell to his officers at Fraunces Tavern and resigned as commander-in-chief soon after. In a final appearance in uniform, he gave a statement to the Congress: "I consider it an indispensable duty to close this last solemn act of my official life, by commending the interests of... | 45.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 45 | null | early december washington bade farewell officer fraunces_tavern resign commander_chief final appearance uniform statement congress consider information_technology indispensable duty close solemn act official life commend interest dear country protection almighty_god world_health organization superintendence holy keepin... | anfang dezember verabschieden washington offizier fraunces_taver treten oberbefehlshaber letzter auftritt uniform kongress erklärung halten unverzichtbar pflicht letzter feierlich akt offiziell leben beenden interesse lieb land schutz allmächtig_gott oberaufsicht heilig unterhalt würdige washington rücktritt ausland fe... | EN_0_45 | [
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EN_0_46 | After spending just ten days at Mount Vernon out of 8+1⁄2 years of war, Washington was eager to return home. He arrived on Christmas Eve; Professor John E. Ferling wrote that he was delighted to be "free of the bustle of a camp and the busy scenes of public life". He received a constant stream of visitors paying their ... | 46.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 46 | null | spend day mount_vernon year war washington eager return arrive christmas_eve professor john_ferling write delighted free bustle camp busy scene public life receive constant stream visitor pay_respect mount_vernon | mount_vernon krieg washington rückkehr haus heiligabend professor john_ferling schreiben freuen hektik lager geschäftig szene öffentlich leben erhalten konstant strom besucher respekt mount_vernon | EN_0_46 | [
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EN_0_47 | Washington reactivated his interests in the Great Dismal Swamp and Potomac Canal projects, begun before the war, though neither paid him any dividends. He undertook a 34-day, 680-mile (1,090 km) trip in 1784 to check on his land holdings in the Ohio Country. He oversaw the completion of remodeling work at Mount Vernon,... | 47.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 47 | null | washington reactivate interest great_dismal swamp potomac canal project begin war pay dividend undertake day mile trip check land_holding ohio_country oversee completion remodel work mount_vernon transform residence mansion survive day financial_situation strong creditor pay depreciate wartime currency owe significant ... | washington reaktivieren interesse projekt great_dismal swamp potomac canal krieg beginnen dividende zahlen unternehmen grundstück überprüfen überwachen fertigstellung umbauarbeit mount_vernon residenz erhalten herrenhaus verwandelten finanziell situation gläubiger zahlen abgewertet kriegszeitwährung schulden erheblich ... | EN_0_47 | [
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EN_0_48 | To make his estate profitable again, Washington undertook a new landscaping plan and succeeded in cultivating a range of fast-growing trees and native shrubs. He also began breeding mules after being gifted a stud by King Charles III of Spain in 1785; he believed that they would revolutionize agriculture. | 48.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 48 | null | estate profitable washington undertake new landscaping plan succeed cultivate range grow tree native shrub begin breed mule gift stud king charles_iii spain believe revolutionize agriculture | anwesen unternehmen washington landschaftsbauplan gelingen reihe wachsend baum einheimisch sträucher kultivieren beginnen zucht maultier könig_karl spanien stiften glauben landwirtschaft revolutionieren | EN_0_48 | [
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EN_0_49 | Before returning to private life in June 1783, Washington called for a strong union. Though he was concerned that he might be criticized for meddling in civil matters, he sent a circular letter to the states, maintaining that the Articles of Confederation were no more than "a rope of sand". He believed the nation was o... | 49.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 49 | null | return private life june washington call strong union concerned criticize meddle civil matter send circular state maintain articles_confederation rope sand believe nation verge anarchy confusion vulnerable foreign_intervention national constitution unify state strong_central government | washington juni privatleben zurückkehren fordern stark union einmischung zivilsache kritisieren schicken rundschreiben staat behaupten konföderation seil sand glauben nation stehen anarchie verwirrung ausländisch_intervention national verfassung staat stark_zentralregierung vereinen | EN_0_49 | [
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EN_0_50 | When Shays's Rebellion erupted in Massachusetts in August 1786, Washington was further convinced that a national constitution was needed. Some nationalists feared that the new republic had descended into lawlessness, and they met on September 11, 1786, at Annapolis to ask the Congress to revise the Articles of Confeder... | 50.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 50 | null | shays_rebellion erupt massachusetts august washington convince national constitution need nationalist fear new republic descend lawlessness meet september annapolis ask congress revise_articles confederation_congress agree constitutional_convention hold philadelphia state send delegate washington choose lead virginia d... | shay_rebellion august massachusett_ausbrechen washington überzeugen national verfassung nationalist befürchten republik gesetzlosigkeit abgestiegen treffen september annapolis kongress bitten satzung_konföderation überarbeiten kongreß stimmen verfassungskonvention philadelphia abhalten staat delegierter_entsenden washi... | EN_0_50 | [
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EN_0_51 | Washington arrived in Philadelphia on May 9, 1787, and the convention began on May 25. Benjamin Franklin nominated Washington to preside over the meeting, and he was unanimously elected. The delegate Edmund Randolph introduced Madison's Virginia Plan; it called for an entirely new constitution and a sovereign national ... | 51.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 51 | null | washington arrive philadelphia_convention begin benjamin_franklin nominate washington preside meeting elect delegate edmund_randolph introduce madison virginia_plan information_technology call new constitution sovereign national government washington recommend detail representation contentious result compete new_jersey... | washington mai philadelphia kongreß beginnen mai benjamin_franklin nominieren washington vorsitz treffen wählen delegierter edmund_randolph führen madisons fordern verfassung souverän national_regierung washington empfohl detail repräsentation führen konkurrierend new_jersey plan vorlegen juli schreiben washington alex... | EN_0_51 | [
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EN_0_52 | Just prior to the first presidential election of 1789, in 1788 Washington was appointed chancellor of the College of William & Mary. He continued to serve through his presidency until his death. The delegates to the convention for the first presidential election anticipated a Washington presidency and left it to him to... | 52.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 52 | null | presidential_election washington appoint chancellor_college william_mary continue serve presidency death delegate convention presidential_election anticipate washington presidency leave information_technology define office elect state elector_vote february washington elect unique president john_adams elect president wr... | präsidentschaftswahl washington kanzler_college of william_mary ernennen tod dienen präsidentschaft delegierter konvent präsidentschaftswahl erwarten präsidentschaft washington überließen gewählt amt definieren wähler staat februar stimmen washington wählen usa vorsitzend john_adams vizepräsident_wählen schreiben ängst... | EN_0_52 | [
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EN_0_53 | Washington was inaugurated on April 30, 1789, taking the oath of office at Federal Hall in New York City. His coach was led by militia and a marching band and followed by statesmen and foreign dignitaries in an inaugural parade, with a crowd of 10,000. Robert R. Livingston administered the oath, using a Bible provided ... | 53.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 53 | null | washington inaugurate april oath_office federal_hall new_york city coach lead militia march band follow statesman foreign_dignitary inaugural parade crowd robert_livingston administer_oath bible masons washington read speech senate_chamber ask almighty consecrate liberty happiness people united_states wish serve salary... | washington april_einweihen eid_amt federal_hall new_york city trainer miliz marschierend band führen folgen staatsmänner ausländisch_würdenträger eröffnungsparade menge r_livingston leisten_eid bibel benutzen freimaurer verfügung_stellen washington lesen rede senatskammer fragen allmächtig wesen freiheit glück mensch v... | EN_0_53 | [
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EN_0_54 | Washington wrote to James Madison: "As the first of everything in our situation will serve to establish a precedent, it is devoutly wished on my part that these precedents be fixed on true principles." To that end, he argued against the majestic titles proposed by the Senate, including "His Majesty" and "His Highness t... | 54.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 54 | null | washington write james_madison situation serve establish precedent information_technology wish precedent fix true principle end argue majestic title propose senate include majesty highness president favor president executive precedent include inaugural_address message congress cabinet form executive_branch select justi... | washington schreiben james_madison situation dienen präzedenzfall_schaffen seite wünschen präzedenzfälle prinzip fixieren zweck argumentieren majestätisch titel senat vorschlagen majestät hoheit präsident präsident präzedenzfäll zählen eröffnungsansprach botschaft_kongress kabinettsform exekutive wählen richter_oberer ... | EN_0_54 | [
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EN_0_55 | Washington was an able administrator and judge of talent and character. The old Confederation lacked the powers to handle its workload and had weak leadership, no executive, a small bureaucracy of clerks, large debt, worthless paper money, and no power to establish taxes. Congress created executive departments in 1789,... | 55.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 55 | null | washington able administrator judge talent character old confederation lack power handle workload weak leadership executive small bureaucracy clerk large debt worthless paper_money power establish taxis congress create executive include state department war department_treasury department washington appoint edmund_rando... | washington fähig verwalter richter talent charakter alt konföderation fehln befugnis arbeitsbelastung bewältigen schwach führung exekutive bürokratie angestellter schuld wertlos papiergeld steuer etablieren kongreß schaffen exekutivabteilungen state_department department treasury department washington ernennen edmund_r... | EN_0_55 | [
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EN_0_56 | Washington opposed political factionalism and remained non-partisan throughout his presidency (the only United States president to do so). He was sympathetic to a Federalist form of government. Washington's closest advisors formed two factions, portending the First Party System. Hamilton formed the Federalist Party to ... | 56.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 56 | null | washington oppose political factionalism remain non_partisan presidency united_states president sympathetic federalist form government washington close advisor form faction portend party system hamilton form federalist_party promote national credit powerful nation jefferson oppose hamilton agenda jeffersonian_republica... | washington widersetzen politisch faktionalismus bleiben gesamt präsidentschaft einzig präsident vereinigt_staat föderalistisch form regierung washington eng_berater bilden fraktion system partei darstellen hamilton gründen föderalistische_partei national kredit mächtig nation fördern jefferson hamilton agenda gründen j... | EN_0_56 | [
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EN_0_57 | Other domestic issues during Washington's first term included the planning of a permanent capital, the passage of several constitutional amendments including the Bill of Rights, and continuing debates concerning slavery and expansion into Native American territory. Washington proclaimed November 26, 1789, as a day of T... | 57.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 57 | null | domestic issue washington term include planning permanent_capital passage constitutional_amendment include bill_rights continue debate concern slavery expansion native_american territory washington proclaim november day thanksgiving encourage national_unity | innenpolitisch_frage amtszeit washington umfassen planung permanent kapital verabschiedung verfassungsänderunge bill_of rights fortgesetzt_debatte sklaverei expansion indianisch territorium washington proklamieren november thanksgiving national einheit fördern | EN_0_57 | [
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EN_0_58 | Washington initially planned to retire after his first term, weary of office and in poor health. After dealing with the infighting in his cabinet and with partisan critics, he showed little enthusiasm for a second term, and Martha wanted him not to run. Washington's nephew George Augustine Washington, managing Mount Ve... | 58.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 58 | null | washington plan retire term weary office poor health deal infighting cabinet partisan critic little_enthusiasm second_term martha want run washington nephew george augustine_washington manage mount_vernon absence ill increase washington desire retire urge run second_term madison absence allow dangerous political rift c... | washington planen amtszeit amt gesundheit ruhestand auseinandersetzung infighting kabinett partisanenkritiker zeigen begeisterung amtszeit martha laufen washington neffe george augustine_washington mount_vernon abwesenheit leiten washington wunsch ruhestand steigern fordern amtszeit_kandidieren madison abwesenheit gefä... | EN_0_58 | [
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EN_0_59 | On April 22, 1793, after the French Revolutionary Wars broke out, Washington issued a proclamation declaring American neutrality. He was resolved to pursue "a conduct friendly and impartial toward the belligerent Powers" while warning Americans not to intervene in the conflict. Although Washington recognized France's r... | 59.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 59 | null | april french revolutionary_wars break washington issue_proclamation declare american neutrality resolve pursue conduct friendly impartial belligerent powers warn americans intervene conflict washington recognize france revolutionary government ask french minister united_states edmond_charles genêt_recall genêt_diplomat... | april französisch revolutionskrieg ausbrachen washington proklamation amerikanisch neutralität erklären entschlossen freundschaftlich unparteiisch verhalten kriegerisch mächt verfolgen amerikaner warnen konflikt_eingreifen washington revolutionär regierung frankreich anerkannt bitten französisch minister vereinigt_staa... | EN_0_59 | [
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EN_0_60 | During his second term Washington faced two major domestic conflicts. The first was the Whiskey Rebellion (1791–1794), a Pennsylvania revolt against liquor taxation. Washington mobilized a militia and personally commanded an expedition against the rebels which suppressed the insurgency. The second was the Northwest Ind... | 60.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 60 | null | second_term washington face major domestic conflict whiskey_rebellion pennsylvania revolt liquor taxation washington mobilize militia command expedition rebel suppress insurgency second northwest_indian war white_settler native_americans world_health organization support british station fort refuse abandon revolutionar... | amtszeit washington häuslich konflikt whiskey_rebellion pennsylvania revolte alkoholbesteuerung washington mobilisieren miliz kommandieren expedition rebell aufstand unterdrückn krieg weiß_siedler indianer brite unterstützen festung stationieren revolutionär_krieg aufgeben besiegt amerikanisch truppe indianisch truppe ... | EN_0_60 | [
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EN_0_61 | Hamilton formulated the Jay Treaty to normalize trade relations with Britain while removing them from western forts, and also to resolve financial debts remaining from the Revolution. Chief Justice John Jay represented Washington's position and signed the treaty on November 19, 1794. Washington supported the treaty bec... | 61.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 61 | null | hamilton formulate jay_treaty normalize trade_relation britain remove western fort resolve financial debt remain revolution chief_justice john_jay represent washington position sign_treaty november washington support treaty information_technology avoid war disappoint provision favor britain mobilize public_opinion secu... | hamilton formulieren handelsbeziehung großbritannien normalisieren westlich festung entfernen finanziell schuld revolution lösen justice_john jay vertreten washington position unterzeichnen_vertrag november washington unterstützen vertrag krieg vermeiden enttäuschen bestimmung großbritannien begünstigen mobilisieren öf... | EN_0_61 | [
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EN_0_62 | On July 31, 1793, Jefferson submitted his resignation from cabinet. Hamilton resigned from office in January 1795 and was replaced by Oliver Wolcott Jr. Washington's relationship with Secretary of War Henry Knox deteriorated over rumors that Knox had profited from contracts for the construction of U.S. frigates ostensi... | 62.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 62 | null | july jefferson submit_resignation cabinet hamilton resign office january replace oliver_wolcott washington relationship secretary war henry_knox deteriorate rumor knox profit contract construction frigate commission combat barbary_pirate naval act knox force resign final month presidency washington assail political foe... | juli reichen jefferson rücktritt kabinett hamilton treten januar amt oliver_wolcott ersetzen washington beziehung kriegsminister_henry knox verschlechtern gerücht knox auftrag_bau fregatte auftrag_geben barbary_piraten naval act bekämpfen knox rücktritt_zwingen letzter monat präsidentschaft washington politisch feind p... | EN_0_62 | [
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EN_0_63 | At the end of his second term, Washington retired. He was dismayed with the personal attacks against him and wanted to ensure that a truly contested presidential election could be held. He did not feel bound to a two-term limit, but his retirement set a significant precedent. In May 1792, in anticipation of his retirem... | 63.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 63 | null | end second_term washington retire dismay personal attack want ensure contest presidential_election hold feel bound term limit retirement set significant precedent anticipation retirement washington instruct james_madison prepare valedictory address initial_draft entitle farewell_address washington send manuscript hamil... | amtszeit treten washington ruhestand persönlich_angriff sicherstellen umstritten präsidentschaftswahl stattfinden fühlen binden pensionierung setzen bedeutend präzedenzfall mai weisen washington james_madison vorgriff pensionierung vorbereiten ursprünglich_entwurf tragen mai schicken washington manuskript hamilton umfa... | EN_0_63 | [
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EN_0_64 | Washington stressed that national identity was paramount, and said that the "name of AMERICAN... must always exalt the just pride of patriotism". Washington warned against the dangers of political parties and entangling foreign alliances with domestic affairs. He counseled friendship and commerce with all nations, but ... | 64.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 64 | null | washington stress national identity paramount say american exalt pride patriotism washington warn_danger political party entangle foreign alliance domestic_affair counsel friendship commerce nation advise involvement european war stress_importance religion assert religion morality indispensable support republic | washington betonen national identität bedeutung name american gerecht stolz patriotismus erhöhen washington warnen_gefahr politisch partei verstrickt ausländisch bündnis innenpolitisch angelegenheit raten freundschaft handel nation raten beteiligung europäisch krieg betonen bedeutung religion behaupten religion moral u... | EN_0_64 | [
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EN_0_65 | He closed the address by reflecting on his legacy: "I fervently beseech the Almighty to avert or mitigate the evils to which [my unintentioned errors] may tend. I shall also carry with me the hope that my country will never cease to view them with indulgence, and that, after forty-five years of my life dedicated to its... | 65.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 65 | null | close address reflect legacy beseech almighty avert mitigate evil unintentioned error tend carry hope country cease view indulgence year life dedicate service upright zeal fault incompetent ability consign oblivion mansion rest initial_publication republicans include madison criticize address describe information_techn... | schloss ansprache vermächtnis nachdachen flehen allmächtig übel abwenden mildern unbeabsichtigt fehler neigen hoffnung tragen land aufhören nachsicht betrachten leben dienst aufrichtig eifer widmen fehler inkompetent fähigkeit vergessenheit_geraten vill ruhe veröffentlichung kritisieren republikaner madison adresse bes... | EN_0_65 | [
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EN_0_66 | Washington retired to Mount Vernon in March 1797 and devoted time to his business interests. His plantation operations were minimally profitable, and his lands in the west (on the Piedmont) yielded little income; he attempted to sell these but was unable to. He became an even more committed Federalist. He vocally suppo... | 66.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 66 | null | washington retire mount_vernon march devoted time business interest plantation operation profitable land west piedmont yield little income attempt sell unable committed federalist support alien_sedition act convince federalist john_marshall run congress weaken jeffersonian hold virginia | washington ziehen märz mount_vernon widmen geschäftlich_interesse plantagenbetrieb land westen piemont liefern einkommen versuchen verkaufen lage engagierter föderalist unterstützen alien_and sedition_acts überzeugen föderalist john_marshall kongress kandidieren jeffersonian halten virginia schwächen | EN_0_66 | [
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EN_0_67 | French privateers began seizing American ships in 1798, and deteriorating relations led to the "Quasi-War". Washington wrote to Secretary of War James McHenry offering to organize President Adams' army. Adams nominated him for a lieutenant general commission and the position of commander-in-chief of the armies on July ... | 67.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 67 | null | french privateer begin seize american ship deteriorate_relation lead_quasi war washington write secretary war james_mchenry offer organize president adams army adams_nominate lieutenant_general commission position commander_chief army july washington serve command general july death month participate planning delegate ... | französisch privatleute beginnen amerikanisch schiff beschlagnahmen verschlechterung beziehung führen washington schreiben kriegsminister james_mchenry angebot präsident adams armee organisieren juli ernennen adams generalleutnant oberbefehlshaber armee juli tod monat dienen washington befehlshaber beteiligen planung d... | EN_0_67 | [
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EN_0_68 | Washington was known to be rich because of what Chernow calls the "glorified façade of wealth and grandeur" at Mount Vernon. However, nearly all of his wealth was in the form of land and slaves rather than ready cash. To supplement his income, he erected a distillery for whiskey production. He bought land parcels to sp... | 68.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 68 | null | washington know rich chernow call glorify façade wealth grandeur mount_vernon wealth form land slave ready cash supplement_income erect distillery whiskey production buy_land parcel spur development new federal city name_honor sell individual lot middle_income investor multiple lot large investor believe likely commit ... | washington chernow verherrlicht fassade reichtum größe mount_vernon nennen gesamt reichtum form land sklave bargeld ergänzung einkommen errichten brennerei whiskyherstellung kaufen landpakete entwicklung federal city benennen ankurbeln verkaufen einzeln lose investor einkommen lose investor verbesserung verpflichten ze... | EN_0_68 | [
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EN_0_69 | On December 12, 1799, Washington inspected his farms on horseback in inclement weather for five hours. He then dined with guests without putting on dry clothes. He had a sore throat the next day but was well enough to mark trees for cutting. Early the following morning, he awoke to an inflamed throat and difficulty bre... | 69.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 69 | null | december washington inspect farm horseback inclement weather hour dine guest put dry clothe sore_throat day mark tree cut follow morning awake inflame throat difficulty breathing order estate overseer george rawlins remove pint blood bloodletting common practice time family summon doctor james_craik gustavus richard br... | dezember inspizieren washington farm wetter stunde pferd aß gast trocken kleidung anzuziehen nächster halsschmerz baum schneiden markieren folgend erwachen entzündet kehle atembeschwerde befehlen nachlassaufseher george rawlin pint blut_entfernen blutverleuchtung gängig_praxis familie rufen arzt james_craik gustavus ri... | EN_0_69 | [
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EN_0_70 | On his deathbed, afraid of being entombed alive, Washington instructed his private secretary Tobias Lear to wait three days before his burial. According to Lear, Washington died between 10 p.m. and 11 p.m. on December 14, 1799, with Martha seated at the foot of his bed. His last words were "'Tis well." The diagnosis of... | 70.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 70 | null | deathbed afraid entomb alive washington instruct private_secretary tobias lear wait day burial accord lear washington die december martha seat foot bed word diagnosis washington illness immediate death subject_debate publish account craik brown state symptom consistent cynanche tracheali term describe severe inflammati... | sterbebett angst eingetauchen weisen washington privatsekretär tobias lear begräbnis warten lear sterben washington dezember martha fuß bett_sitzen letzter_wort diagnose washington krankheit unmittelbar ursache tod gegenstand_debatte veröffentlicht bericht craik brown erklären symptom cynanch trachealis übereinstimmen ... | EN_0_70 | [
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EN_0_71 | Washington's funeral was held on December 18, 1799, four days after his death, at Mount Vernon. Cavalry and foot soldiers led the procession, and six colonels served as the pallbearers. The Mount Vernon funeral service was restricted mostly to family and friends. Reverend Thomas Davis read a brief funeral service, foll... | 71.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 71 | null | washington funeral_hold december day death mount_vernon cavalry foot soldier lead procession colonel serve pallbearer mount_vernon funeral_service restrict family friend reverend thomas davis read brief funeral_service follow ceremony perform member washington masonic_lodge washington freemason word death travel inform... | washington beerdigung finden dezember tod mount_vernon kavallerie fußsoldat führen prozession oberer dienn pallbearer begräbnisdienst mount_vernon familie freund beschränken reverend thomas davis lesen beerdigung folgen zeremonie mitglied freimaurerloge washington washington freimaurer wort tod reisen region erreichen ... | EN_0_71 | [
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EN_0_72 | Washington was buried in the Washington family vault at Mount Vernon on December 18, 1799. In his will, Washington left instructions for the construction of a new vault; this was completed in 1831, after a disgruntled ex-employee of the estate attempted to steal what he thought was Washington's skull. In 1832, a joint ... | 72.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 72 | null | washington bury washington family vault mount_vernon december washington leave instruction construction new vault complete disgruntled ex employee estate attempt steal think washington skull joint congressional committee debate move body mount_vernon crypt united_states capitol southern opposition intense antagonize gr... | washington dezember gewölbe washingtoner familie mount_vernon begraben testament lassen washington anweisung bau gewölb abschließen verärgert nachlaß versuchen stehlen denken washington schädel debattieren gemeinsam kongresskomitee verlegung leichnam mount_vernon krypta kapitol vereinigt_staat südlich opposition werden... | EN_0_72 | [
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EN_0_73 | During Washington's lifetime at least 577 slaves lived and worked at Mount Vernon. He inherited some, gained control of 84 dower slaves upon his marriage to Martha, and purchased at least 71 slaves between 1752 and 1773. From 1786, he rented slaves as part of an agreement regarding a neighboring estate; they totaled 40... | 73.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 73 | null | washington lifetime slave live work mount_vernon inherit gain_control dower_slave marriage martha purchase slave rent slave agreement neighboring estate total | washington lebzeiten leben arbeiten sklave mount_vernon erben erlangt kontrolle dower sklave ehe martha kaufen sklave mieten sklave rahmen_vereinbarung benachbart belaufen | EN_0_73 | [
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EN_0_74 | Slavery was deeply ingrained in the economic and social fabric of the Colony of Virginia. Prior to the Revolutionary War, Washington's views on slavery matched those of most Virginia planters of the time: "his principal interest was still their contribution to the economic life of the plantation." Beginning in the 1760... | 74.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 74 | null | slavery ingrained economic_social fabric colony virginia revolutionary_war washington view slavery match virginia planter time principal interest contribution economic life plantation begin washington grow oppose information_technology doubt prompt choice transition tobacco grain crop leave costly surplus slave cause q... | sklaverei wirtschaftlich_sozial gefug kolonie virginia verwurzeln unabhängigkeitskrieg stimmen ansicht washington sklaverei hauptinteresse beitrag wirtschaftlich leben plantage wachsen washington widersetzen zweifel wahl übergang tabak getreidepflanz kostspielig überschuss sklave hinterfragen wirtschaftlich_effizienz s... | EN_0_74 | [
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EN_0_75 | His growing disillusionment with the institution was spurred by the principles of the Revolution and revolutionary friends such as Lafayette and Hamilton. Most historians agree the Revolution was central to the evolution of Washington's attitudes; Kenneth Morgan writes that after 1783, "[Washington] began to express in... | 75.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 75 | null | grow disillusionment institution spur principle revolution revolutionary friend lafayette hamilton historian agree revolution central evolution washington attitude kenneth morgan write washington begin express inner tension problem slavery private president remain_silent topic believe information_technology divisive_is... | wachsend desillusionierung institution prinzip revolution revolutionär freund lafayette hamilton anspornen historiker revolution zentral_bedeutung entwicklung haltung washington kenneth morgan schreiben washington beginnen innerer spannung problem sklaverei ausdrücken privat präsident schweigen thema glauben divisiv th... | EN_0_75 | [
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EN_0_76 | Based on his private papers and on accounts from his contemporaries, Washington slowly developed a cautious sympathy toward abolitionism that ended with his will freeing his long-time valet Billy Lee, and freeing the rest of his personally owned slaves outright upon Martha's death. On January 1, 1801, one year after Ge... | 76.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 76 | null | base private paper account contemporary washington develop cautious sympathy abolitionism end free long time valet billy lee free rest slave martha death january year george_washington death martha_washington sign order free slave reluctant leave refuse abandon spouse child hold dower_slave custis_estate follow washing... | privat papier bericht zeitgenosse entwickeln washington vorsichtig mitgefühl abolitionismus wille enden langjährig diener billy lee befreien rest persönlich sklave martha tod befreien januar george_washington tod unterzeichnen martha_washington befehl sklave_befreien zögerten weigern ehepartner kind verlassen halten wa... | EN_0_76 | [
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EN_0_77 | Washington was baptized as an infant in April 1732 and was a devoted member of the Anglican Church. He served for more than 20 years as a vestryman and churchwarden at the Fairfax and Truro parishes in Virginia. He privately prayed and read the Bible daily, and publicly encouraged prayer. He may have taken communion re... | 77.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 77 | null | washington baptize infant april devoted member anglican_church serve year vestryman churchwarden fairfax truro parish virginia pray read_bible encouraged prayer communion revolution | washington april kind_taufen ergeben mitglied anglikanisch_kirche dienen westryman churchwarde fairfax truro pfarrei virginia beten lesen bibel ermuntern gebet gemeinschaft revolution aufnehmen | EN_0_77 | [
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EN_0_78 | Washington referred to God in American Enlightenment terms, including Providence, the Almighty, and the Divine Author. He believed in a divine power who watched over battlefields, influenced the outcome of war, protected his life, and was involved in American politics and specifically in the creation of the United Stat... | 78.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 78 | null | washington refer god american enlightenment term include providence almighty divine author believe divine power world_health organization watch battlefield influence outcome war protect life involve american politic creation united_states chernow argue washington avoid evangelistic christianity hellfire brimstone speec... | washington beziehen gott amerikanisch aufklärung begriff_vorsehung allmächtige göttliche autor glauben göttlich schlachtfeld wacht ergebnis krieg beeinflussen leben schützen amerikanisch politik schaffung vereinigt_staat beteiligen chernow argumentieren washington evangelistisch christentum vermeiden neigen entzünden r... | EN_0_78 | [
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EN_0_79 | While president, Washington acknowledged major religious sects, gave speeches on religious toleration, and opposed state religion. He adopted the ideas, values, and modes of thinking of the Enlightenment, but he harbored no contempt for organized Christianity and its clergy. In 1793, speaking to members of the New Chur... | 79.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 79 | null | president washington acknowledge major religious_sect speech religious_toleration oppose state religion adopt idea value mode thinking_enlightenment harbor contempt organized christianity clergy speak member new church baltimore washington say abundant reason rejoice land light truth reason triumph power bigotry supers... | präsident washington anerkannt religiös_sekte halten_rede religiös_toleranz staatlich religion idee wert denkweise aufklärung hegen verachtung organisiert christentum geistlichkeit gespräch mitglied kirche baltimore washington grund freuen land licht wahrheit vernunft bigotry aberglaube triumphieren | EN_0_79 | [
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EN_0_80 | Freemasonry was a widely accepted institution in the late 18th century, known for advocating moral teachings. American Masonic lodges did not share the anti-clerical views of the controversial European lodges. A Masonic lodge was established in Fredericksburg, Virginia, in September 1752, and Washington was initiated t... | 80.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 80 | null | freemasonry accept institution late_century know advocate moral teaching american masonic_lodge share anti_clerical view controversial european lodge masonic_lodge establish fredericksburg_virginia september washington initiate month age entered apprentices year progress rank master_mason recommend office grand_master ... | akzeptiert institution spät_jahrhundert förderung moralisch lehre amerikanisch freimaurerloge teilen antiklerikalisch ansicht umstritten europäisch log september fredericksburg_virginia freimaurerloge gründen washington monat alter entered apprentices gründen jahr fortschritt reihe meister_mason amt großmeister gegründ... | EN_0_80 | [
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EN_0_81 | Washington's 1751 bout with smallpox may have rendered him sterile, though Chernow notes that it is possible Martha "sustained injury during the birth of Patsy, her final child, making additional births impossible". The couple lamented not having any children together. The two raised Martha's children John Parke Custis... | 81.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 81 | null | washington bout smallpox render sterile chernow note information_technology possible martha sustain injury birth patsy final child additional birth impossible couple lament child raise martha child john_parke custis jacky martha_parke custis patsy jacky young child eleanor_parke custis_nelly george_washington parke_cus... | bout pocke chernow bemerken martha nachhaltend verletzung geburt patsy letzter kind zusätzlich geburt paar beklagen kind erzog martha kind john_parke custis jacky martha_parke custis patsy jackys jung kind eleanor_parke custis_nelly george_washington parke_custis washy unterstützen zahlreich nicht_neffe nachkomme west ... | EN_0_81 | [
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EN_0_82 | Washington was somewhat reserved in personality, although he was known for having a strong presence. He made speeches and announcements when required, but he was not a noted orator nor debater. He drank alcohol in moderation but was morally opposed to excessive drinking, smoking tobacco, gambling, and profanity. He was... | 82.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 82 | null | washington reserve personality know strong presence speech announcement require noted orator debater drink_alcohol moderation oppose excessive drinking smoke tobacco gambling profanity tall contemporary_account height vary ft_m know strength grey blue eye long reddish brown hair wear powdered wig wear hair curl powdere... | washington persönlichkeit reservieren stark_präsenz halten_rede ankündigung notiert redner debattierer trinken maße alkohol übermäßig trinken rauchen tabak glücksspiel profanität zeitgenosse höhenangabe variieren ft ft stärke auge haar tragen puderperück tragen haar locken pudern schlange art tag binden | EN_0_82 | [
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EN_0_83 | Washington suffered from severe tooth decay and ultimately lost all of his teeth except one. He had several sets of false teeth during his presidency. Contrary to common lore, these were not made of wood, but of metal, ivory, bone, animal teeth, and human teeth possibly obtained from slaves. His dental problems left hi... | 83.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 83 | null | washington suffer_severe tooth decay lose tooth set false tooth presidency contrary common lore wood metal ivory bone animal tooth human tooth obtain slave dental problem leave constant pain treat laudanum experience painful growth thigh presidential term follow life threaten bout pneumonia recover | washington leiden schwer karie verlieren zahn satz falsch zähn präsidentschaft gegensatz gewöhnlich geschichte holz metall elfenbein knochen tierzähn menschlich zahn herstellen sklave gewinnen zahnärztlich problem lassen konstant schmerz laudanum behandeln erleben schmerzhaft wachstum oberschenkel präsidentenzeit folge... | EN_0_83 | [
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EN_0_84 | Washington was a talented equestrian. Jefferson described him as "the best horseman of his age". He collected thoroughbreds at Mount Vernon; his two favorite horses were Blueskin and Nelson. | 84.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 84 | null | washington talented equestrian jefferson describe good horseman age collect thoroughbred mount_vernon favorite horse blueskin nelson | washington talentiert reiter jefferson beschreiben reiter alter sammelt vollblut mount_vernon lieblingspferde blueskin nelson | EN_0_84 | [
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EN_0_85 | Washington is one of the most influential figures in American history. Virginia's Governor Henry Lee eulogized him as "first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen". Polls have consistently placed Washington among the highest-ranked of presidents. | 85.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 85 | null | washington influential_figure american history virginia governor henry_lee eulogize war peace heart countryman poll place washington rank president | washington einflussreichst_persönlichkeit amerikanisch geschichte virginias gouverneur henry_lee entschuldigen krieg frieden herz landsleute umfrage washington präsident platzieren | EN_0_85 | [
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EN_0_86 | Washington became an international symbol for liberation and nationalism as the leader of the first successful revolution against a colonial empire. In 1879, Congress proclaimed Washington's Birthday to be a federal holiday. In 1976, he was posthumously appointed General of the Armies of the United States during the Am... | 86.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 86 | null | washington international symbol liberation nationalism leader successful revolution colonial_empire congress proclaim washington_birthday federal holiday appoint general_armies united_states american bicentennial president_gerald ford state washington rank officer army past march washington promote army | washington international symbol befreiung nationalismus führer erfolgreich revolution kolonialreich verkünden kongress washington geburtstag bundesfeiertag general armee vereinigt_staat american bicentennial ernennen präsident_gerald ford erklären washington offizier armee vergangenheit_gegenwart rangieren märz washing... | EN_0_86 | [
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EN_0_87 | In 1809, Mason Locke Weems wrote a hagiographic biography to honor Washington. Chernow maintains that Weems attempted to humanize Washington, inspire "patriotism and morality", and foster "enduring myths", such as that of Washington's refusal to lie about damaging his father's cherry tree. Weems' accounts have never be... | 87.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 87 | null | mason_locke weems write hagiographic biography honor washington chernow maintain weems attempt humanize washington inspire patriotism morality foster endure myth washington refusal lie damage father cherry_tree weem account prove disproven | schreiben mason_locke weems hagiographisch biographie ehre washington chernow_behaupten versuchen washington humanisieren inspirieren patriotismus moral fördern mythos washington weigerung lügen beschädigung vater kirschbaum weems konto beweisen widerlegen | EN_0_87 | [
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EN_0_88 | In the 21st century, Washington's reputation has been critically scrutinized. The historian John Ferling maintains that Washington remains the only founder and president ever to be referred to as "godlike", and points out that his character has been the most scrutinized by historians. The author David Hackett Fischer d... | 88.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 88 | null | century washington reputation scrutinize historian john_ferling maintain washington remain founder president refer godlike point character scrutinize historian author_david hackett_fischer define washington character integrity self_discipline courage absolute honesty resolve decision forbearance decency respect | jahrhundert washington ruf hinterfragen historiker john_ferling behaupten washington bleiben einzig gründer präsident godlike bezeichnen weisen charakter historiker untersuchen autor_david hackett_fischer definieren washington charakter integrität selbstdisziplin mut absolut ehrlichkeit entschlossenheit entscheidung na... | EN_0_88 | [
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EN_0_89 | Washington's legacy with Native Americans is mixed. Chernow describes Washington as always trying to be even-handed in dealing with Indigenous peoples, hoping they would abandon their itinerant hunting life and adapt to fixed agricultural communities in the manner of White settlers. He also maintains that Washington ne... | 89.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 89 | null | washington legacy native_americans mixed chernow_describe washington handed deal indigenous_people hope abandon itinerant hunting life adapt fix agricultural community manner white_settler maintain washington advocate outright confiscation tribal_land forcible removal tribe contrast colin calloway write washington life... | washington vermächtnis indianer gemischt chernow beschreiben washington versuchen umgang indigen_volk hoffnung reisend jagdleben aufgeben fest landwirtschaftlich gemeinschaft art weiß_siedler anpassen behaupten washington völlig beschlagnahmung stammesland gewaltsam beseitigung stämme gegensatz colin g calloway schreib... | EN_0_89 | [
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EN_0_90 | The growth of the nation demanded the dispossession of Indian people... But if Indians refused and resisted, as they often did, he felt he had no choice but to "extirpate" them and that the expeditions he sent to destroy Indian towns were therefore entirely justified. | 90.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 90 | null | growth nation demand dispossession indian people indians refuse resist feel choice extirpate expedition send destroy indian town justified | wachstum nation verlangen enteignung indisch volk inder weigern widerstand_leisten fühlen wahl ersticken expedition schicken indisch stadt zerstören rechtfertigen | EN_0_90 | [
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EN_0_91 | Along with other Founding Fathers, Washington has been criticized for holding enslaved people. Though he expressed the desire to see the abolition of slavery through legislation, he did not initiate or support any initiatives for bringing about its end. This has led to calls to remove his name from public buildings and... | 91.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 91 | null | founding_father washington criticize hold enslave_people express_desire abolition_slavery legislation initiate support initiative bring end lead call remove public building statue public space | gründungsväter washington kritisieren versklavt_mensch festhalten wunsch_ausdruck bringen abschaffung_sklaverei rechtsvorschrift sehen leiten initiative unterstützen erreichen führen anruf name öffentlich gebäude statue öffentlich raum entfernen | EN_0_91 | [
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EN_0_92 | Washington's presidential library is housed at Mount Vernon, which is now a National Historic Landmark. His papers are held by the Library of Congress. | 92.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 92 | null | washington presidential_library house mount_vernon national_historic landmark paper hold library_congress | washington präsidentenbibliothek befinden mount_vernon national_historic landmark papier halten | EN_0_92 | [
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EN_0_93 | Many places and monuments have been named in honor of Washington, including the capital city of Washington, D.C., and the state of Washington. On February 21, 1885, the Washington Monument was dedicated, a 555-foot (169 m) marble obelisk on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. | 93.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 93 | null | place monument name_honor washington include capital city washington state washington february washington monument_dedicate foot marble obelisk national_mall washington | ort denkmäler ehre washington hauptstadt washington staat washington benennen februar washington_monument einweihen marmor obelisk national washington | EN_0_93 | [
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EN_0_94 | Washington appears as one of four presidents on the Shrine of Democracy, a colossal sculpture by Gutzon Borglum on Mount Rushmore in South Dakota. The George Washington Bridge, opened in 1931, connects New York City to New Jersey. A number of secondary schools and universities are named in honor of Washington, includin... | 94.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 94 | null | washington appear president shrine democracy colossal sculpture gutzon borglum mount_rushmore south_dakota george_washington bridge open connect new_york city new_jersey number secondary_school university name_honor washington include george_washington university washington university louis | washington erscheinen präsident heiligtum demokratie kolossal skulptur gutzon borglum mount_rushmore south_dakota eröffnen george_washington bridge verbinden new_york city new_jersey reihe weiterführend_schule universität washington benennen george_washington university washington university st_louis | EN_0_94 | [
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EN_0_95 | He appears on contemporary United States currency, including the one-dollar bill, a Presidential one-dollar coin and the quarter-dollar coin (the Washington quarter). Washington was pictured on the nation's first postage stamp in 1847, and has since appeared on more United States postage stamps than anyone else. | 95.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 95 | null | appear contemporary united_states currency include dollar_bill presidential dollar_coin quarter_dollar coin washington quarter washington picture nation postage_stamp appear united_states postage_stamp | erscheinen heutig präsidial washingtoner viertel washington briefmark nation abbilden briefmarke erscheinen | EN_0_95 | [
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EN_0_96 | In Our Time: Washington and the American Revolution, BBC Radio 4 discussion with Carol Berkin, Simon Middleton, and Colin Bonwick (June 24, 2004) | 96.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 96 | null | time washington american_revolution bbc_radio discussion carol_berkin simon middleton colin bonwick june | EN_0_96 | [
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EN_0_97 | Great Lives: George Washington, BBC Radio 4 discussion with Matthew Parris, Michael Rose, and Frank Grizzard (October 21, 2016) | 97.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 97 | null | great life george_washington bbc_radio discussion matthew parris michael rose frank grizzard october | great lives george_washington bbc_radio gespräch matthew parris michael rose frank grizzard oktober | EN_0_97 | [
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EN_1_0 | Presidential elections were held in the United States from December 15, 1788 to January 7, 1789, under the new Constitution ratified in 1788. George Washington was unanimously elected for the first of his two terms as president and John Adams became the first vice president. This was the only U.S. presidential electio... | 98.0 | Presidential elections were held in the United States from December 15, 1788 to January 7, 1789, under the new Constitution ratified in 1788. George Washington was unanimously elected for the first of his two terms as president and John Adams became the first vice president. This was the only U.S. presidential electio... | EN | 1788–89 United States presidential election | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election | 98 | null | presidential_election hold united_states december january new constitution_ratify george_washington elect term president john_adams president presidential_election span calendar year contingent_election national presidential_election american history | präsidentschaftswahl finden vereinigt_staat dezember januar verfassung_ratifizieren george_washington amtszeit präsident wählen john_adams vizepräsident einzig präsidentschaftswahl kalenderjahr kontingentswahl national präsidentschaftswahl amerikanisch geschichte umfassen | EN_1_0 | [
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EN_1_1 | Under the Articles of Confederation, which were ratified in 1781, the United States had no head of state. The executive function of government remained with the legislative similar to countries that use a parliamentary system. Federal power, strictly limited, was reserved to the Congress of the Confederation whose "Pre... | 99.0 | Presidential elections were held in the United States from December 15, 1788 to January 7, 1789, under the new Constitution ratified in 1788. George Washington was unanimously elected for the first of his two terms as president and John Adams became the first vice president. This was the only U.S. presidential electio... | EN | 1788–89 United States presidential election | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election | 99 | null | articles_confederation ratify united_states head state executive_function government remain legislative similar country parliamentary_system federal power limited reserve congress confederation president united_states congress_assembled chair_committee states aim fulfill function similar modern cabinet | artikel_konföderation ratifizieren vereinigt_staat staatsoberhaupt exekutivfunktion regierung bleiben gesetzgebung land parlamentarisch_system verwend bundesmacht beschränken kongreß konföderation vorbehalten präsident vereinigt_staat congress_assembled vorsitzend_komitee staat funktion modern kabinett erfüllen | EN_1_1 | [
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