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EN_0_0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | 0.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 0 | null | george_washington february february december father president united_states serve commander continental_army washington lead patriot force victory american_revolutionary war british_empire know father nation role bring american independence | george_washington februar februar_ebenda präsident vereinigt_staat kommandeur_kontinentalarmee führen washington sieg amerikanisch_revolutionskrieg britisch reich vater nation rolle herstellung amerikanisch unabhängigkeit | EN_0_0 | [
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EN_0_1 | Born in the Colony of Virginia, Washington became the commander of the Virginia Regiment during the French and Indian War (1754–1763). He was later elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses, and opposed the perceived oppression of the American colonists by the British Crown. When the American Revolutionary War against... | 1.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 1 | null | bear colony virginia washington commander virginia regiment french_indian war elect virginia house_burgesses oppose perceive oppression american colonist british crown american_revolutionary war british begin washington appoint commander_chief continental_army direct organize equip force disciplined british troop washi... | gebor kolonie virginia washington französisch_indisch krieg kommandeur virginia house_of burgesses wählen lehnen vermeintlich unterdrückung amerikanisch_kolonist britisch_krone amerikanisch_revolutionskrieg brite beginnen washington oberbefehlshaber_kontinentalarmee ernennen leiten organisiert_ausgerüstet kraft diszipl... | EN_0_1 | [
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EN_0_2 | Washington was unanimously elected the first U.S. president by the Electoral College in 1788 and 1792. He implemented a strong, well-financed national government while remaining impartial in the fierce rivalry that emerged within his cabinet between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton. During the French Revolution,... | 2.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 2 | null | washington elect president electoral_college implement strong finance national government remain impartial fierce rivalry emerge cabinet thomas_jefferson alexander_hamilton french_revolution proclaim policy_neutrality support jay_treaty britain washington set endure precedent office president include republicanism peac... | washington vereinigt_staat wählen präsident wahlkollegium setzen stark finanziert national_regierung bleiben heftig rivalität kabinett thomas_jefferson alexander_hamilton entstehen französisch_revolution proklamieren politik neutralität unterstützen großbritannien washington setzen dauerhaft präzedenzfälle amt präsiden... | EN_0_2 | [
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EN_0_3 | Washington's image is an icon of American culture and he has been extensively memorialized. His namesakes include the national capital and the State of Washington. In both popular and scholarly polls, he is consistently considered one of the greatest presidents in American history. | 3.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 3 | null | washington image icon_american culture memorialize namesake include national capital state washington popular scholarly poll consider great president american history | washington bild ikone amerikanisch kultur erinnerung_rufen namensvetter gehören hauptstadt staat washington populär wissenschaftlich umfrage gelten präsident amerikanisch geschichte | EN_0_3 | [
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EN_0_4 | George Washington was born on February 22, 1732, at Popes Creek in Westmoreland County, Virginia. He was the first of six children of Augustine and Mary Ball Washington. His father was a justice of the peace and a prominent public figure who had four additional children from his first marriage to Jane Butler. Washingto... | 4.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 4 | null | george_washington bear february popes_creek westmoreland_county virginia child augustine mary_ball washington father justice_peace prominent public figure world_health organization additional child_marriage jane_butler washington close father mention later year fractious relationship mother sibling_close old half_broth... | george_washington februar päpste_creek westmoreland_county virginia gebären_kind augustine mary_ball washington vater gerechtigkeit_frieden prominent öffentlich figur kind_ehe jane_butler washington vater erwähnen spät fraktiv beziehung mutter geschwister_alt halbbruder_lawrence | EN_0_4 | [
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EN_0_5 | The family moved to a plantation on Little Hunting Creek in 1735 before settling at Ferry Farm near Fredericksburg, Virginia, in 1738. When Augustine died in 1743, Washington inherited Ferry Farm and ten slaves; Lawrence inherited Little Hunting Creek and renamed it Mount Vernon. Because of his father's death, Washingt... | 5.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 5 | null | family_move plantation little_hunting creek settle ferry_farm fredericksburg_virginia augustine die washington inherit ferry_farm slave lawrence inherit_little hunting_creek rename information_technology mount_vernon father death washington formal_education eld half_brother receive appleby grammar_school england attend... | familie ziehen plantage little_hunting creek ferry_farm fredericksburg_virginia niederließ augustin sterben erben washington ferry_farm sklave lawrence erben little_hunting creek umbenennen mount_vernon tod_vater washington formal_ausbildung alt halbbrüder appleby grammar_school england erhalten besuchen lower church s... | EN_0_5 | [
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EN_0_6 | Washington often visited Belvoir, the plantation of William Fairfax, Lawrence's father-in-law, and Mount Vernon. Fairfax became Washington's patron and surrogate father. In 1748, Washington spent a month with a team surveying Fairfax's Shenandoah Valley property. The following year, he received a surveyor's license fro... | 6.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 6 | null | washington visit_belvoir plantation william_fairfax lawrence father law mount_vernon fairfax washington patron surrogate father washington spend_month team survey fairfax shenandoah_valley property following_year receive surveyor_license college_william mary washington serve customary apprenticeship thomas_fairfax will... | washington besuchen belvoir_plantage william_fairfax lawrences schwiegervater mount_vernon fairfax washington patron ersatzvater verbringen washington monat team fairfax grundstück shenandoah_valley untersuchen folgend erhalten college_of william_mary washington üblich lehre dienen ernennen thomas_fairfax williams cous... | EN_0_6 | [
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EN_0_7 | In 1751, Washington left mainland North America for the first and only time, when he accompanied Lawrence to Barbados, hoping the climate would cure his brother's tuberculosis. Washington contracted smallpox during the trip, which left his face slightly scarred. Lawrence died in 1752, and Washington leased Mount Vernon... | 7.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 7 | null | washington leave mainland north_america time accompany lawrence barbados hope climate cure brother tuberculosis washington contract smallpox trip leave face scarred lawrence die washington lease mount_vernon widow_anne inherit information_technology death | verlassen washington nordamerikanisch_festland einzig_mal lawrence barbado begleiten hoffnung klima tuberkulose bruder heilen washington ziehen reise pocken gesicht vernarben lassen lawrence sterben washington mietet mount_vernon witwe_anne erben_tod | EN_0_7 | [
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EN_0_8 | Lawrence Washington's service as adjutant general of the Virginia militia inspired George to seek a militia commission. Virginia's lieutenant governor, Robert Dinwiddie, appointed Washington as a major and commander of one of the four militia districts. The British and French were competing for control of the Ohio Rive... | 8.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 8 | null | lawrence washington service adjutant_general virginia militia inspire george seek militia commission virginia lieutenant_governor robert_dinwiddie appoint washington major commander militia district british french compete control ohio_river valley british construct fort river french river lake_erie | lawrence washington dienst generaladjutant virginia miliz inspiriert george milizkommission suchen gouverneur_virginia robert_dinwiddie ernennen washington major kommandeur milizbezirk brite franzose kämpfen kontrolle ohio_river valley brite bauen festung fluß franzose fluss eriesee | EN_0_8 | [
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EN_0_9 | In October 1753, Dinwiddie appointed Washington as a special envoy to demand the French forces vacate land that was claimed by the British. Washington was also directed to make peace with the Iroquois Confederacy and to gather intelligence about the French forces. Washington met with Iroquois leader Tanacharison at Log... | 9.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 9 | null | october dinwiddie appoint washington special_envoy demand french force vacate land british washington direct peace iroquois_confederacy gather_intelligence french force washington meet iroquois leader tanacharison logstown washington say meeting tanacharison name conotocaurius mean devourer village great_grandfather jo... | oktober ernennen dinwiddie washington sondergesandt französisch truppe fordern land räumen brite beanspruchen washington frieden_schließen information französisch streitkraft sammeln washington treffen irokese führer tanacharison logstown washington treffen tanacharison nennen conotocaurius name dörferverschwendung bed... | EN_0_9 | [
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EN_0_10 | Washington's party reached the Ohio River in November 1753 and was intercepted by a French patrol. The party was escorted to Fort Le Boeuf, where Washington was received in a friendly manner. He delivered the British demand to vacate to the French commander Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre, but the French refused to l... | 10.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 10 | null | washington party reach ohio_river november intercept_french patrol party escort fort_le boeuf washington receive friendly manner deliver british demand vacate french commander jacques_legardeur saint_pierre french refuse leave saint_pierre washington official answer day delay food winter_clothing party journey virginia... | washington partei erreichen ohio_river november französisch patrouille abgefangen party fort_le boeuf eskortieren washington empfangen übergeben britisch forderung französisch kommandeur jacques_legardeur de franzose weigern washington offiziell antwort verspätung essen winterkleidung partei reise virginia washington b... | EN_0_10 | [
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EN_0_11 | In February 1754, Dinwiddie promoted Washington to lieutenant colonel and second-in-command of the 300-strong Virginia Regiment, with orders to confront the French at the Forks of the Ohio. Washington set out with half the regiment in April and was soon aware that a French force of 1,000 had begun construction of Fort ... | 11.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 11 | null | february dinwiddie promote washington lieutenant_colonel second command strong virginia regiment order confront french forks_ohio washington set regiment april aware french force begin construction_fort duquesne establish defensive_position great_meadows washington learn french camp mile decide offensive french detachm... | februar beförderen dinwiddie washington oberstleutnant oberbefehlshaber befehl franzose fork ohio konfronti washington april hälfte regiment weg französisch truppe soldat bau_fort duquesne beginnen mai verteidigungsposition great_meadow washington erfahren franzose lager meile beschloss offensive französisch abteilung ... | EN_0_11 | [
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EN_0_12 | The rest of the Virginia Regiment joined Washington the following month with news that he had been promoted to the rank of colonel and given command of the full regiment. They were reinforced by an independent company of a hundred South Carolinians led by Captain James Mackay; his royal commission outranked Washington'... | 12.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 12 | null | rest virginia regiment join washington follow month news promote rank_colonel command regiment reinforce independent company south_carolinians lead captain james mackay royal commission outrank washington conflict command ensue july french soldier attack fort_necessity ensue battle end washington surrender washington s... | rest virginia regiment treten washington folgend_monat nachricht rang_oberst befördern kommando voll regiment geben unabhängig firma leitung_captain james mackay verstärken königlich_kommission überstieg washington konflikt kommando folgen juli greifen französisch soldat fort_necessity folgend schlacht enden washington... | EN_0_12 | [
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EN_0_13 | In 1755, Washington volunteered as an aide to General Edward Braddock, who led a British expedition to expel the French from Fort Duquesne and the Ohio Country. On Washington's recommendation, Braddock split the army into one main column and a smaller "flying column". Washington was suffering from severe dysentery so d... | 13.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 13 | null | washington volunteer aide general edward_braddock world_health organization lead british expedition expel french fort_duquesne ohio_country washington recommendation braddock split army main_column small fly_column washington suffer_severe dysentery travel expedition force rejoin braddock_monongahela ill french_indian ... | melden washington helfer general edward_braddock britisch expedition_leiten franzose fort_duquesne vertreiben washington empfehlung teilen braddock armee hauptsäule klein fliegend_säule washington leiden schwer ruhr reisen expeditionstruppe braddock monongahela überfallen franzose indisch_verbündeter geteilt armee drit... | EN_0_13 | [
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EN_0_14 | The Virginia Regiment was reconstituted in August 1755, and Dinwiddie appointed Washington its commander, again with the rank of colonel. Washington clashed over seniority almost immediately, this time with Captain John Dagworthy, who commanded a detachment of Marylanders at the regiment's headquarters in Fort Cumberla... | 14.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 14 | null | virginia regiment reconstitute august dinwiddie appoint washington commander rank_colonel washington clash seniority time captain_john dagworthy world_health organization command detachment marylanders regiment headquarters fort_cumberland washington impatient offensive fort_duquesne convince braddock grant royal commi... | virginia regiment august rekonstituieren dinwiddie ernennen washington kommandeur rang_oberst washington kollidieren rang captain_john dagworthy hauptquartier regiment fort_cumberland ablösung marylander kommandieren washington offensive fort_duquesne überzeugen braddock königlich_kommission gewähren drücken fall febru... | EN_0_14 | [
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EN_0_15 | In 1758, the Virginia Regiment was assigned to the British Forbes Expedition to capture Fort Duquesne. General John Forbes took Washington's advice on some aspects of the expedition but rejected his opinion on the best route to the fort. Forbes nevertheless made Washington a brevet brigadier general and gave him comman... | 15.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 15 | null | virginia regiment assign british forbes_expedition capture_fort duquesne general john_forbes washington advice aspect expedition reject opinion good route fort forbes washington brevet_brigadier general command_brigade assign assault fort french abandon_fort valley assault washington see friendly_fire incident leave de... | virginia regiment britisch forb expedition zuteilen fort_duquesne erobern general john_forbes washington rat aspekt expedition lehnen meinung weg fort forbes washington brevet_brigadegeneral kommando_brigade angriff festung einsetzen franzose fort tal angriff verlassen washington freundschaftlich brandfall tote_verletz... | EN_0_15 | [
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EN_0_16 | Under Washington, the Virginia Regiment had defended 300 miles (480 km) of frontier against twenty Indian attacks in ten months. He increased the professionalism of the regiment as it grew from 300 to 1,000 men. Though he failed to realize a royal commission, which made him hostile towards the British, he gained self-c... | 16.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 16 | null | washington virginia regiment defend mile frontier indian attack month increase professionalism regiment information_technology grow man fail realize royal commission hostile british gain self_confidence leadership_skill knowledge british military tactic destructive competition washington witness colonial politician fos... | washington virginia regiment meile_km grenze indisch angriff monat verteidigen steigern professionalität regiment mann wachsen versäumen königlich_kommission verwirklichen brite erlangen selbstvertrauen führungskompetenz kenntnis britisch militärtaktik zerstörerisch wettbewerb washington kolonialpolitiker erleben förde... | EN_0_16 | [
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EN_0_17 | On January 6, 1759, Washington, at age 26, married Martha Dandridge Custis, the 27-year-old widow of wealthy plantation owner Daniel Parke Custis. Martha was intelligent, gracious, and experienced in managing a planter's estate, and the couple had a happy marriage. They lived at Mount Vernon, where Washington cultivate... | 17.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 17 | null | january washington age marry martha_dandridge custis year_old widow wealthy plantation_owner daniel_parke custis_martha intelligent gracious experience manage planter estate couple happy_marriage live mount_vernon washington cultivate_tobacco wheat marriage washington control martha_dower interest acre custis_estate ma... | januar heiraten_martha dandridge_custis witwe wohlhabend plantagenbesitzer daniel_parke custis_martha erfahren verwaltung pflanzgut paar glücklich_ehe leben mount_vernon washington tabak_weizen kultivieren ehe washington kontrolle martha drittel interesse hektar custis_nachlass verwalten restlich drittel martha kind fo... | EN_0_17 | [
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EN_0_18 | At Washington's urging, Governor Lord Botetourt fulfilled Dinwiddie's 1754 promise to grant land bounties to those who served with volunteer militias during the French and Indian War. In late 1770, Washington inspected the lands in the Ohio and Great Kanawha regions, and he engaged surveyor William Crawford to subdivid... | 18.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 18 | null | washington urging governor lord botetourt fulfil dinwiddie promise grant land bounty world_health organization serve volunteer militia french_indian war late washington inspect land ohio great kanawha region engage surveyor william_crawford subdivide information_technology crawford allot acre washington world_health or... | drängen washington erfüllt gouverneur lord botetourt dinwiddies versprechen landgelder gewähren französisch_indisch krieg freiwillig_miliz dienen inspiziert washington länderei region ohio great kanawha engagieren vermesser william_crawford unterteil crawford verteilt acre washington veteran erzählten land landwirtscha... | EN_0_18 | [
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EN_0_19 | As a respected military hero and large landowner, Washington held local offices and was elected to the Virginia provincial legislature, representing Frederick County in the Virginia House of Burgesses for seven years beginning in 1758. Early in his legislative career, Washington rarely spoke at or even attended legisla... | 19.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 19 | null | respected military hero large_landowner washington hold local office elect virginia provincial_legislature represent frederick_county virginia house_burgesses year begin legislative career washington speak attend legislative_session active starting prominent critic britain taxation mercantilist policy american colony w... | angesehen militärheld großgrundbesitzer washington lokal amt virginia provinzgesetzgebende wählen frederick_county virginia house_of burgesses vertreten anfang gesetzgebend laufbahn sprechen washington legislativ_sitzung prominent kritiker britisch mercantilist politik amerikanisch kolonie washington importiert luxuswa... | EN_0_19 | [
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EN_0_20 | Washington was opposed to the taxes which the British Parliament imposed on the Colonies without proper representation. He believed the Stamp Act 1765 was oppressive and celebrated its repeal the following year. In response to the Townshend Acts, he introduced a proposal in May 1769 which urged Virginians to boycott Br... | 20.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 20 | null | washington oppose taxis british parliament impose colonies proper representation believe stamp_act oppressive celebrate repeal following_year response townshend_act introduce proposal urge virginians boycott_british good townshend_act repeal washington colonist anger royal_proclamation ban american settlement west alle... | washington steuer britisch_parlament kolonie angemessen vertretung auferlegen glauben stempel act feiern aufhebung folgend reaktion townshend_acts führen mai vorschlag virginian drängen britisch boykottieren townshend_acts aufheben washington kolonist königlich_proklamation amerikanisch siedlung allegheny_mountain verb... | EN_0_20 | [
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EN_0_21 | Parliament sought to punish Massachusetts colonists for their role in the Boston Tea Party in 1774 by passing the Coercive Acts, which Washington saw as "an invasion of our rights and privileges". That July, he and George Mason drafted a list of resolutions for the Fairfax County committee, including a call to end the ... | 21.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 21 | null | parliament seek punish massachusetts colonist role boston_tea party pass coercive_act washington see invasion right_privilege july george_mason draft list resolution fairfax_county committee include end atlantic_slave trade resolution adopt august washington attend virginia convention select_delegate continental_congre... | parlament versuchen massachusett kolonist rolle boston_tea party bestrafen zwangsgesetze verabschieden washington invasion privileg betrachten juli jahr erstellen george_mason liste resolution fairfax aufruf beendigung atlantisch_sklavenhandel resolution_annehmen august washington virginia_convention delegierter_kontin... | EN_0_21 | [
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EN_0_22 | The American Revolutionary War broke out on April 19, 1775, with the Battles of Lexington and Concord. Washington hastily departed Mount Vernon on May 4 to join the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia. On June 14, Congress created the Continental Army and John Adams nominated Washington as its commander-in-chie... | 22.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 22 | null | american_revolutionary war break april battle_lexington concord washington depart mount_vernon join second_continental congress philadelphia june congress create continental_army john_adams nominate washington commander_chief military experience belief virginian unite colony elect congress day washington acceptance_spe... | amerikanisch_revolutionskrieg brechen april schlacht_lexington concord washington verlassen mount_vernon mai kontinentalkongress_philadelphia beizutreen juni gründen kongress kontinentalarmee john_adams ernennen washington oberbefehlshaber militärisch_erfahrung überzeugung virginianer kolonie vereinen kongreß nächster ... | EN_0_22 | [
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EN_0_23 | Congress chose Washington's primary staff officers, including Artemas Ward, Horatio Gates, Charles Lee, Philip Schuyler, and Nathanael Greene. Henry Knox impressed Adams and Washington with his knowledge of ordnance and was promoted to colonel and chief of artillery. Similarly, Washington was impressed by Alexander Ham... | 23.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 23 | null | congress choose washington primary staff officer include artemas_ward horatio_gates charles_lee philip_schuyler nathanael_greene henry_knox impress adams washington knowledge ordnance promote colonel chief artillery washington impress alexander_hamilton intelligence bravery promote hamilton colonel appoint aide_camp | kongreß wählen washington primär stabsoffizier artemas_ward horatio_gates charles_lee philip_schuyler nathanael_greene henry_knox beeindrucken adams washington wissen ordnance oberst chef artillerie befördern washington alexander_hamiltons intelligenz tapferkeit beeindrucken promoten hamilton oberst ernennen adjutanten... | EN_0_23 | [
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EN_0_24 | Washington initially banned the enlistment of Black soldiers, both free and enslaved. The British saw an opportunity to divide the colonies: the colonial governor of Virginia issued a proclamation promising freedom to slaves if they joined the British forces. In response to this proclamation and the need for troops, Wa... | 24.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 24 | null | washington ban enlistment black soldier free enslave british see_opportunity divide colony colonial governor virginia issue_proclamation promise_freedom slave join british force response proclamation need troop washington overturn ban end war tenth soldier continental_army black obtain freedom | washington verbieten einberufung schwarz soldat versklaevten brite sehen gelegenheit kolonie teilen kolonial gouverneur_virginia proklamation vielversprechend freiheit sklave britisch streitkraft reaktion proklamation notwendigkeit truppe washington verbot aufheben krieg zehntel soldat_kontinentalarmee erhalten freihei... | EN_0_24 | [
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EN_0_25 | In April 1775, in response to the growing rebellious movement, British troops occupied Boston, led by General Thomas Gage, commander of British forces in America. Local militias surrounded the city and trapped the British troops, resulting in a standoff. As Washington headed for Boston, he was greeted by cheering crowd... | 25.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 25 | null | april response grow rebellious movement british troop occupy boston lead general thomas_gage commander british force america local_militia surround city trap british troop result standoff washington head boston greet cheer_crowd political ceremony symbol patriot washington arrival july inspect army undisciplined militi... | april besetzt britisch_truppe reaktion wachsend rebellisch bewegung boston anführen general thomas_gage kommandeur britisch streitkraft amerika lokal_miliz umzingelen stadt sperren britisch_truppe rückzug führen washington boston fahren jubelnd menschenmeng politisch zeremonie begrüßen symbol washington ankunft juli in... | EN_0_25 | [
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EN_0_26 | When the Charles River froze over, Washington was eager to cross and storm Boston, but Gates and others were opposed to having untrained militia attempt to assault well-garrisoned fortifications. Instead, Washington agreed to secure the Dorchester Heights above Boston to try to force the British out. On March 17, 8,906... | 26.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 26 | null | charles_river freeze washington eager cross storm boston gates oppose untrained militia attempt assault garrison fortification washington agree secure dorchester_heights boston force british march british troop loyalist woman_child begin chaotic naval evacuation washington enter city man explicit order plunder refrain ... | charles_river einfrieren washington boston durchqueren stürmen gates ungeübt miliz versuchen gewappnet festung angreifen stimmen washington dorchester_height boston sichern brite herauszwingen märz beginnen britisch_truppe loyalist frau_kind chaotisch marineevakuierung washington betreten stadt mann ausdrücklich befehl... | EN_0_26 | [
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EN_0_27 | After the victory at Boston, Washington correctly guessed that the British would return to New York City and retaliate. He arrived there on April 13, 1776, and ordered the construction of fortifications. He also ordered his forces to treat civilians and their property with respect, to avoid the abuses Bostonians suffer... | 27.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 27 | null | victory boston washington guess british return new_york city retaliate arrive april order construction fortification order force treat civilian property respect avoid abuse bostonians suffer hand british troop british force include ship thousand troop begin arrive staten_island july lay_siege city | sieg boston ahnen washington brite new_york city zurückkehren rächen april befehlen bau befestigungsanlagen befehlen streitkraft zivilist eigentum respekt behandeln misshandlunge vermeiden bostoner britisch_truppe erleiden britisch streitkraft schiff tausend truppe beginnen juli stat_island ankommen stadt belagern | EN_0_27 | [
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EN_0_28 | Howe's troop strength totaled 32,000 regulars and Hessian auxiliaries; Washington had 23,000 men, mostly untrained recruits and militia. In August, Howe landed 20,000 troops at Gravesend, Brooklyn, and approached Washington's fortifications. Overruling his generals, Washington chose to fight, based on inaccurate inform... | 28.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 28 | null | howe troop strength total regular hessian_auxiliary washington man untrained recruit militia august howe land troop gravesend brooklyn approach washington fortification overrule general washington choose fight base inaccurate information howe army soldier battle long_island howe assault washington flank inflict patriot... | howes truppenstärk betragen stammgäste hessisch hilfskräfte washington mann ungeschult rekrut miliz august landen_howe truppe gravesend brooklyn näheren washington festung washington überwältigen general entscheiden kämpfen ungenau information howe armee soldat schlacht_long island überfiel howe washington flanke verur... | EN_0_28 | [
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EN_0_29 | Howe sent a message to Washington to negotiate peace, addressing him as "George Washington, Esq." Washington declined to accept the message, demanding to be addressed with diplomatic protocol—not as a rebel. Despite misgivings, Washington heeded the advice of General Greene to defend Fort Washington, but was ultimately... | 29.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 29 | null | howe send_message washington negotiate_peace address george_washington esq washington decline accept message demand address diplomatic protocol rebel misgiving washington heed advice general greene defend fort washington force abandon information_technology howe_pursue washington retreat hudson_river fort_lee november ... | howe schicken botschaft washington frieden_verhandeln sprechen george_washington esq washington lehnen botschaft annehmen verlangen diplomatisch protokoll ansprechen rebell zweifeln beherzigen washington rat general greene fort washington verteidigen zwingen aufgeben howe_verfolgen washington ziehen hudson_river fort_l... | EN_0_29 | [
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EN_0_30 | Washington crossed the Delaware River into Pennsylvania, where General John Sullivan joined him with 2,000 more troops. The future of the Continental Army was in doubt due to a lack of supplies, a harsh winter, expiring enlistments, and desertions. Howe posted a Hessian garrison at Trenton to hold western New Jersey an... | 30.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 30 | null | washington cross_delaware river pennsylvania general john_sullivan join troop future continental_army doubt lack_supply harsh_winter expiring_enlistment desertion howe post hessian_garrison trenton hold western new_jersey east shore_delaware sunrise december washington aid colonel knox_artillery lead man successful_sur... | washington überqueren_delawar river pennsylvania general john_sullivan truppe zukunft kontinentalarmee zweifel vorräte fehlen hart_winter ansammlung desertion ausbrachen howe posten hessisch_garnison trenton west new_jersey ostküste delawar halten sonnenaufgang dezember führen washington unterstützen colonel knox artil... | EN_0_30 | [
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EN_0_31 | Washington returned to New Jersey on January 3, 1777, launching an attack on the British regulars at Princeton, with 40 Americans killed or wounded and 273 British killed or captured. Howe retreated to New York City for the winter. Washington took up winter headquarters in Morristown, New Jersey. Strategically, Washing... | 31.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 31 | null | washington return new_jersey january launch_attack british regular princeton americans kill_wound british kill capture howe retreat new_york city winter washington winter headquarters_morristown new_jersey washington victory trenton_princeton pivotal revive patriot_morale quash british strategy overwhelming force follo... | januar kehren washington new_jersey amerikaner töten_verwunden brite töten nehmen howe ziehen winter new_york city washington übernehmen wintersitz morristown_new jersey washington sieg_trenton princeton beleben zerstören britisch strategie überwältigend kraft zeigen folgen großzügig_bedingung verlauf_krieg verändern | EN_0_31 | [
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EN_0_32 | In July 1777, the British general John Burgoyne led his British troops south from Quebec in the Saratoga campaign; he recaptured Fort Ticonderoga, intending to divide New England. However, General Howe took his army from New York City south to Philadelphia rather than joining Burgoyne near Albany. Washington and Gilber... | 32.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 32 | null | july british general john_burgoyne lead british troop quebec saratoga_campaign recapture_fort ticonderoga intend divide new_england general_howe army new_york city philadelphia join burgoyne albany washington gilbert marquis_lafayette rush philadelphia engage howe battle_brandywine september howe outmaneuver washington... | juli führen britisch general john_burgoyne britisch_truppe quebec kehren fort_ticonderoga new_england teilen general_howe armee new_york city süden philadelphia burgoyne albany washington gilbert marquis_de lafayette eilen philadelphia howe engagieren schlacht_brandywin september übermannen howe washington marschieren ... | EN_0_32 | [
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EN_0_33 | In Upstate New York, the Patriots were led by General Horatio Gates. Concerned about Burgoyne's movements southward, Washington sent reinforcements north with Generals Benedict Arnold and Benjamin Lincoln. On October 7, 1777, Burgoyne tried to take Bemis Heights but was isolated from support and forced to surrender. Ga... | 33.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 33 | null | upstate_new york patriots lead general_horatio gates concerned burgoyne movement washington send_reinforcement general_benedict arnold benjamin_lincoln october burgoyne bemis_heights isolate support force surrender gates victory embolden washington critic world_health organization favor gates military leader accord_bio... | upstate_new york patriot general_horatio gates anführen burgoyne bewegung süden schicken washington verstärkung norden general_benedict arnold benjamin_lincoln oktober versuchen burgoyne bemi height nehmen unterstützung isolieren zwingen ergeben sieg ermutigen washington kritiker militärführer begünstigen biographe joh... | EN_0_33 | [
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EN_0_34 | Washington and his army of 11,000 men went into winter quarters at Valley Forge north of Philadelphia in December 1777. There they lost between 2,000 and 3,000 men as a result of disease and lack of food, clothing, and shelter, reducing the army to below 9,000 men. By February, Washington was facing low troop morale an... | 34.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 34 | null | washington army man winter_quarter valley_forge north philadelphia december lose man result disease lack_food clothing shelter reduce army man february washington face low troop morale increased desertion internal_revolt officer prompt member congress consider remove washington command washington supporter resist matte... | washington armee mann winterquartier_valley forge philadelphia dezember verlieren krankheit mangel nahrung_kleidung unterschlupf mann armee mann reduzieren februar stehen washington niedrig truppenmoral vermehrt desertion intern revolte offizier veranlassen mitglied_kongreß erwägen washington kommando entfernen washing... | EN_0_34 | [
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EN_0_35 | Washington made repeated petitions to Congress for provisions and expressed the urgency of the situation to a congressional delegation. Congress agreed to strengthen the army's supply lines and reorganize the quartermaster and commissary departments, while Washington launched the Grand Forage of 1778 to collect food fr... | 35.0 | George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War against the British Empire. H... | EN | George Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington | 35 | null | washington repeat petition congress provision express urgency situation congressional_delegation congress agree strengthen army supply_line reorganize quartermaster commissary washington launch grand forage collect food surround_region baron_friedrich wilhelm_von steuben incessant drilling transform washington recruit ... | washington wiederholt petition kongress bestimmung drücken dringlichkeit situation kongressdelegation kongress stimmen versorgungslini armee stärken kommissarsdepartement reorganisieren washington grand forage leben_rufen lebensmittel umliegend_region sammeln verwandeln baron_friedrich wilhelm_steuben unaufhörlich bohr... | EN_0_35 | [
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ENDE-MIND-Topics
ENDE-MIND-Topics (English–German) is a bilingual corpus of 25,148 Wikipedia-derived document chunks containing topic modeling information derived from training a PLTM model on this data with 25 topics. The dataset serves as input for the MIND pipeline, which performs multilingual question–answer generation and discrepancy detection.
Each record includes the passage and corresponding full document, preprocessing outputs (lemmas, translations), and topic model features (topic distributions and dominant topic).
Source: Wikipedia (scraped for research). Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Construction
Data were collected from Wikipedia using the MIND preprocessing script:
python3 -m wikipedia.generate_dtset --output-path test
Repository: lcalvobartolome/mind
Files
| File | Description |
|---|---|
rosie_corpus_topics_en_de.parquet |
Main dataset (25,148 rows) with text and topic features |
keys_EN.txt |
Topic keywords in English (one line per topic) |
keys_DE.txt |
Topic keywords in German (one line per topic) |
tpc_labels.txt |
Human-readable topic labels (one per topic) |
Columns
| Column | Description |
|---|---|
chunk_id |
Identifier of the chunked document |
text |
Chunk text |
doc_id |
Source document ID |
full_doc |
Full document text |
lang |
Language code (en or de) |
title |
Wikipedia page title |
url |
Wikipedia source URL |
id |
Document identifier |
index |
Row index (int) |
lemmas |
Lemmatized tokens (original language) |
lemmas_tr |
Lemmatized tokens (translated language) |
id_preproc |
Preprocessing pipeline version or ID |
thetas |
Topic distribution vector |
top_k |
Topic distribution vector with the top-k topics (k=10) |
main_topic_thetas |
Dominant topic |
Related Resources
License & Attribution
This dataset includes content derived from Wikipedia, which is released under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license. You must provide attribution to Wikipedia and share any derivatives under the same license.
Citation
If you use this dataset, please cite:
@inproceedings{calvo-bartolome2025discrepancy,
title={{D}iscrepancy {D}etection at the {D}ata {L}evel: {T}oward {C}onsistent {M}ultilingual {Q}uestion {A}nswering},
author={Lorena Calvo-Bartolom{\'e} and Val{\'e}rie Aldana and Karla Cantarero and Alonso Madro{\~n}al de Mesa and Jer{\'o}nimo Arenas-Garc{\'\i}a and Jordan Lee Boyd-Graber},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
month={nov},
year={2025},
address={Suzhou, China},
publisher={Association for Computational Linguistics}
}
Also attribute Wikipedia as the data source (CC BY-SA 4.0).
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