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[ { "from": "human", "value": "Answer this question truthfully What to expect before the procedure?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Your doctor may ask you to have these medical tests done before you have surgery:\nBlood tests (complete blood count, electrolytes, and kidney tests). Chest x-ray or electrocardiogram (EKG), for some people. Several x-rays of the gallbladder.\nAlways tell your doctor or nurse:\nIf you are or might be pregnant. What drugs, vitamins, and other supplements you are taking, even ones you bought without a prescription.\nDuring the week before your surgery:\nYou may be asked to stop taking aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), vitamin E, warfarin (Coumadin), and any other drugs that make it hard for your blood to clot. Your doctor may ask you to \"clean out\" your colon or intestines. Ask your doctor which drugs you should still take on the day of your surgery.\nOn the day of your surgery:\nDo not eat or drink anything after midnight the night before your surgery. Take the drugs your doctor told you to take with a small sip of water. Shower the night before or the morning of your surgery. Your doctor or nurse will tell you when to arrive at the hospital.\nPrepare your home for after the surgery." } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Answer this question truthfully What to expect after the procedure?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "If you do not have any signs of problems, you will be able to go home when you are able to drink liquids easily. Most people go home on the same day or the day after this surgery. If there were problems during your surgery, or if you have bleeding, a lot of pain, or a fever, you may need to stay in the hospital longer. Some people may experience mild diarrhea after the procedure,this usually goes away with time." } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Answer this question truthfully How is the Episiotomy done?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Just before the baby is born, the obstetrician numbs the vaginal area opening and makes one of two cuts:\nA mediolateral cut is angled down away from the vagina and into the muscle. A midline cut is made straight down between the vagina and anus. The cut makes the opening to the vagina bigger. The cut is stitched closed after the baby and placenta have been delivered." } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Answer this question truthfully Who needs Episiotomy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Episiotomies were once routinely performed to prevent vaginal tears during delivery. Today, routine episiotomies are not recommended.\nHowever, episiotomies may still be performed when there is a complicated delivery. An episiotomy may be needed if the baby's head or shoulders are too big for the mother's vaginal opening, or the baby is in a breech position (feet or buttocks coming first) and there is a problem during delivery.\nIt may also be needed to speed the delivery process if there is concern about the baby's heart rate." } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Answer this question truthfully Where to find centers that perform Episiotomy?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Directions to Hospitals Performing Episiotomy" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Answer this question truthfully What to expect if I have Episiotomy (Outlook/Prognosis)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "An episiotomy usually heals without problems and may be easier to repair than multiple tears.\nYou can resume normal activities shortly after the birth. The stitches are absorbed by the body and do not need to be removed. You can relieve pain and discomfort with medication and ice in the first 24 hours, followed by warm baths." } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Answer this question truthfully How is Nissen fundoplication done?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A procedure called fundoplication is the most common type of anti-reflux surgery. During this procedure, your surgeon will:\nFirst repair the hiatal hernia with stitches. The surgeon will tighten the opening in your diaphragm to keep your stomach from bulging through.\nYour surgeon will then use stitches to wrap the upper part of your stomach around the end of your esophagus. This creates pressure at the end of your esophagus and helps prevent stomach acid and food from flowing back up. Surgery is done while you are under general anesthesia (asleep and pain-free). Surgery usually takes 2 to 3 hours.\nWays your doctor may do this surgery are:\nOpen repair. Your surgeon will make an incision (cut) in your belly area (abdomen). Sometimes the surgeon will place a tube from your stomach through the abdominal wall to keep your stomach in place. This tube will be removed when you no longer need it. Laparoscopic repair: Your surgeon will make 3 to 5 small incisions in your belly. Your surgeon will insert a laparoscope (a thin, hollow tube with a tiny camera on the end) through one of these incisions and other tools through the other incisions. The laparoscope is connected to a video monitor in the operating room that allows your surgeon to see inside your belly and do the repair. The surgeon may need to switch to an open procedure if there is bleeding, a lot of scar tissue from earlier surgeries, or the patient is very overweight.\nEndoluminal fundoplication is a new procedure that uses a special camera called an endoscope. The tube is passed down through your mouth and into your esophagus. Your doctor will place small clips on the inside where the esophagus meets the stomach. These clips help prevent food or stomach acid from coming back. An endoscope is similar to a laparoscope. This procedure is done to help prevent reflux." } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Answer this question truthfully Who needs Nissen fundoplication?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Your doctor may suggest surgery when:\nYou have symptoms of heartburn that get better when you use medicines, but you do not want to continue taking these medicines. Symptoms of heartburn are burning in the stomach that you may also feel in your throat or chest, burping or gas bubbles, or have trouble swallowing food or fluids. Part of your stomach is getting stuck in your chest or is twisting around itself. This is called a para-esophageal hernia. You have reflux disease and another related, serious problem. Some of these problems are strictures (a narrowing of your esophagus), ulcers in your esophagus, and bleeding in your esophagus. You have reflux disease and aspiration pneumonia (a lung infection caused by inhaling contents of the stomach into the lungs), a chronic cough, or hoarseness." } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Answer this question truthfully Where to find centers that perform Nissen fundoplication?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Directions to Hospitals Performing Nissen fundoplication" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Answer this question truthfully What are the risks of Nissen fundoplication?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Risks for any anesthesia are:\nReactions to medicines. Breathing problems, including pneumonia. Heart problems.\nRisks for any surgery are:\nBleeding. Infection.\nRisks for this surgery are:\nGas bloat, which makes it hard to burp or throw up. It also causes bloating after meals. These symptoms slowly get better for most people. Pain and difficulty when you swallow, for some people. This is called dysphagia. For most people, this goes away in the first 3 months after surgery. Damage to the stomach, esophagus, liver, or small intestine. This is very rare. Respiratory complications, such as a collapsed lung. This is also rare. Recurrence of the hiatal hernia." } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Answer this question truthfully What to expect before the procedure?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Your doctor may ask you to have these tests:\nBlood tests (complete blood count, electrolytes, or liver tests). Upper endoscopy. Almost all people who have this procedure have already had this test. If you have not, you will need to. Other tests, such as manometry (to measure gases) or pH monitoring (to see how much stomach acid is in your esophagus).\nAlways tell your doctor or nurse if:\nYou could be pregnant. You are taking any drugs, supplements, or herbs you bought without a prescription.\nDuring the week before your surgery:\nYou may be asked to stop taking aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), vitamin E, clopidogrel (Plavix), warfarin (Coumadin), and any other drugs or supplements that affect blood clotting several days to a week before surgery. Ask your doctor which drugs you should still take on the day of your surgery.\nOn the day of your surgery:\nDo not eat or drink anything after midnight the night before your surgery. Take your drugs your doctor told you to take with a small sip of water. Shower the night before or the morning of your surgery. Your doctor or nurse will tell you when to arrive at the hospital." } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Answer this question truthfully What to expect after the procedure?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Patients who have laparoscopic surgery usually spend 1 to 3 days in hospital. Those who have open surgery may spend 2 to 6 days in the hospital after the procedure.\nMost patients go back to work 2 to 3 weeks after laparoscopic surgery and 4 to 6 weeks after open surgery." } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Answer this question truthfully Are there any diet restrictions before the procedure?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You should not eat or drink after midnight the night before the procedure." } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Answer this question truthfully Should I take my daily medications before the procedure?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "If you usually take a medication in the morning, you may take this medication with a few amount of water (not a full glass).\nplease bring your medications along with the prescriptions (if available) with you on the day of surgery. If you are diabetic, a special instructions may be given to you. You should stop taking all aspirin, aspirin containing products, Vitamins and herbs two weeks prior to your surgery. Please inform your doctor If you are taking blood thinners medications." } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Answer this question truthfully Can I shower at the day of the procedure?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "You need to shower at the morning of your procedure and the night before it. Also you need to use a special antiseptic soap called chlorhexidine gluconate, but make sure not to use this soap near your eyes, ears and mouth. Do not use the regular soap after you have used the antiseptic soap. Do not apply any powders or deodrants." } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Answer this question truthfully Should I shave in the area of the procedure?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Do not shave in the area of the procedure." } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Answer this question truthfully Who is at highest risk for Scrotal swelling ?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Scrotal swelling can occur in males at any age." } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Answer this question truthfully What are the symptoms of Scrotal swelling?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "The swelling can be on one or both sides, and there may be pain. The testicles and penis may or may not be involved.\nTesticular torsion is a serious emergency in which the testicle become twisted in the scrotum and loses its blood supply. If this twisting is not relieved quickly, the testicle may be lost permanently. This condition is extremely painful. Call 911 or see your health care provider immediately, because losing blood supply for just a few hours can cause tissue death and the loss of a testicle." } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Answer this question truthfully What causes Scrotal swelling?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Certain medical treatments Congestive heart failure Epididymitis Hernia Hydrocele Injury Orchitis Surgery in the genital area Testicular torsion Varicocele Testicular cancer" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Answer this question truthfully When to seek urgent medical care when I have Scrotal swelling ?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Call your health care provider if:\nYou notice any unexplained scrotal swelling The swelling is painful You have a testicle lump" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Answer this question truthfully What to expect if I have Scrotal swelling (Outlook/Prognosis)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "It depends on the underlying cause." } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Answer this question truthfully What are the symptoms of Varicose veins?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Fullness, heaviness, aching, and sometimes pain in the legs Visible, enlarged veins Mild swelling of ankles Brown discoloration of the skin at the ankles Skin ulcers near the ankle (this is more often seen in severe cases)" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Answer this question truthfully What causes Varicose veins?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "In normal veins, valves in the vein keep blood moving forward toward the heart. With varicose veins, the valves do not function properly, allowing blood to remain in the vein. Pooling of blood in a vein causes it to enlarge.\nThis process usually occurs in the veins of the legs, although it may occur elsewhere. Varicose veins are common, affecting mostly women.\nCauses include:\nDefective valves from birth (congenitally defective valves) Pregnancy Thrombophlebitis\nPrimary varicose veins occur because of congenitally defective valves, or without a known cause. Secondary varicose veins occur because of another condition, such as when a pregnant woman develops varicose veins." } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Answer this question truthfully Who is at highest risk for Varicose veins ?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Standing for a long time and having increased pressure in the abdomen may make you more likely to develop varicose veins, or may make the condition worse." } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Answer this question truthfully When to seek urgent medical care when I have Varicose veins ?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Call for an appointment with your health care provider if:\nVaricose veins are painful They get worse or do not improve with self-treatment, such as keeping the legs elevated or avoiding excessive standing Complications occur, including a sudden increase in pain or swelling, fever, redness of the leg, or leg ulcers" } ]
[ { "from": "human", "value": "Answer this question truthfully What to expect if I have Varicose veins (Outlook/Prognosis)?" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "Varicose veins tend to get worse over time. You can ease discomfort and slow varicose vein progression with self care." } ]