green-token-index / grid.json
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Release 2026-10-19
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{
"version": "1",
"updated": "2026-10-19",
"data_version": "2026-10-19",
"year": "2024",
"unit": "gCO2e per kWh",
"basis": "Lifecycle emissions intensity: CO2e per kWh of net generation, built from per-technology lifecycle factors (IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III midpoints, all gases at GWP-100), so upstream methane, supply chains and plant manufacture are included. Production-based: imports and grid losses are excluded. A location-based figure for comparing places, not a Scope 2 combustion factor to file as reported. Annual averages: hourly intensity, contracted supply and self-generation are not reflected.",
"source": {
"name": "Ember, Yearly electricity data",
"publisher": "Ember",
"url": "https://ember-energy.org/data/yearly-electricity-data/",
"data_url": "https://files.ember-energy.org/public-downloads/generation/outputs/release_generation_yearly_global.csv",
"version": "October 2026 release (file last modified 2026-10-06)",
"retrieved": "2026-10-17",
"licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
"factor_basis": "Lifecycle emissions intensity: CO2e per kWh of net generation, built from per-technology lifecycle factors (IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III midpoints, all gases at GWP-100), so upstream methane, supply chains and plant manufacture are included. Production-based: imports and grid losses are excluded. A location-based figure for comparing places, not a Scope 2 combustion factor to file as reported.",
"used_for": "grid emissions intensity of total generation, gCO2e per kWh, 2024 (location-based)"
},
"licence": "CC BY 4.0",
"world": 473.0,
"note": "Area names are Ember's labels. 'WLD' is used as the code for the World row; Ember gives it none.",
"areas": [
{
"iso3": "WLD",
"name": "World",
"area_type": "world",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 473.0,
"display_name": "World",
"iso2": null,
"years": {
"2023": 485.6,
"2024": 473.0,
"2025": 460.1
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "AFG",
"name": "Afghanistan",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Asia",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 117.2,
"display_name": "Afghanistan",
"iso2": "AF",
"years": {
"2023": 118.6,
"2024": 117.2
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "ALB",
"name": "Albania",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Europe",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 24.7,
"display_name": "Albania",
"iso2": "AL",
"years": {
"2023": 24.5,
"2024": 24.7
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "DZA",
"name": "Algeria",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Africa",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 632.8,
"display_name": "Algeria",
"iso2": "DZ",
"years": {
"2023": 633.6,
"2024": 632.8
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "ASM",
"name": "American Samoa",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Oceania",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 622.2,
"display_name": "American Samoa",
"iso2": "AS",
"years": {
"2023": 658.8,
"2024": 622.2
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "AGO",
"name": "Angola",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Africa",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 185.1,
"display_name": "Angola",
"iso2": "AO",
"years": {
"2023": 183.0,
"2024": 185.1
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "ATG",
"name": "Antigua and Barbuda",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "North America",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 608.1,
"display_name": "Antigua and Barbuda",
"iso2": "AG",
"years": {
"2023": 625.0,
"2024": 608.1
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "ARG",
"name": "Argentina",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "South America",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 346.6,
"display_name": "Argentina",
"iso2": "AR",
"years": {
"2023": 350.9,
"2024": 346.6,
"2025": 345.6
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "ARM",
"name": "Armenia",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Asia",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 240.3,
"display_name": "Armenia",
"iso2": "AM",
"years": {
"2023": 262.8,
"2024": 240.3,
"2025": 244.0
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "ABW",
"name": "Aruba",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "South America",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 549.0,
"display_name": "Aruba",
"iso2": "AW",
"years": {
"2023": 549.0,
"2024": 549.0
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "AUS",
"name": "Australia",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Oceania",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 549.5,
"display_name": "Australia",
"iso2": "AU",
"years": {
"2023": 555.5,
"2024": 549.5,
"2025": 518.0
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "AUT",
"name": "Austria",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Europe",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 103.5,
"display_name": "Austria",
"iso2": "AT",
"years": {
"2023": 111.6,
"2024": 103.5,
"2025": 116.6
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "AZE",
"name": "Azerbaijan",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Asia",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 634.4,
"display_name": "Azerbaijan",
"iso2": "AZ",
"years": {
"2023": 670.4,
"2024": 634.4,
"2025": 642.0
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "BHS",
"name": "Bahamas",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "North America",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 652.4,
"display_name": "Bahamas",
"iso2": "BS",
"years": {
"2023": 652.5,
"2024": 652.4
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "BHR",
"name": "Bahrain",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Asia",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 902.5,
"display_name": "Bahrain",
"iso2": "BH",
"years": {
"2023": 902.7,
"2024": 902.5
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "BGD",
"name": "Bangladesh",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Asia",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 695.8,
"display_name": "Bangladesh",
"iso2": "BD",
"years": {
"2023": 682.7,
"2024": 695.8,
"2025": 696.3
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "BRB",
"name": "Barbados",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "North America",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 600.9,
"display_name": "Barbados",
"iso2": "BB",
"years": {
"2023": 606.4,
"2024": 600.9
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "BLR",
"name": "Belarus",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Europe",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 329.5,
"display_name": "Belarus",
"iso2": "BY",
"years": {
"2023": 360.3,
"2024": 329.5,
"2025": 315.2
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "BEL",
"name": "Belgium",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Europe",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 126.9,
"display_name": "Belgium",
"iso2": "BE",
"years": {
"2023": 134.7,
"2024": 126.9,
"2025": 151.3
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "BLZ",
"name": "Belize",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "North America",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 170.2,
"display_name": "Belize",
"iso2": "BZ",
"years": {
"2023": 160.0,
"2024": 170.2
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "BEN",
"name": "Benin",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Africa",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 579.2,
"display_name": "Benin",
"iso2": "BJ",
"years": {
"2023": 584.0,
"2024": 579.2
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "BTN",
"name": "Bhutan",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Asia",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 23.7,
"display_name": "Bhutan",
"iso2": "BT",
"years": {
"2023": 23.7,
"2024": 23.7
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "BOL",
"name": "Bolivia",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "South America",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 495.7,
"display_name": "Bolivia",
"iso2": "BO",
"years": {
"2023": 501.0,
"2024": 495.7,
"2025": 481.3
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "BIH",
"name": "Bosnia Herzegovina",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Europe",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 602.1,
"display_name": "Bosnia Herzegovina",
"iso2": "BA",
"years": {
"2023": 576.1,
"2024": 602.1,
"2025": 572.9
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "BWA",
"name": "Botswana",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Africa",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 852.5,
"display_name": "Botswana",
"iso2": "BW",
"years": {
"2023": 853.3,
"2024": 852.5
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "BRA",
"name": "Brazil",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "South America",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 101.8,
"display_name": "Brazil",
"iso2": "BR",
"years": {
"2023": 96.2,
"2024": 101.8,
"2025": 109.2
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "BRN",
"name": "Brunei Darussalam",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Asia",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 893.0,
"display_name": "Brunei Darussalam",
"iso2": "BN",
"years": {
"2023": 894.8,
"2024": 893.0
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "BGR",
"name": "Bulgaria",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Europe",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 279.1,
"display_name": "Bulgaria",
"iso2": "BG",
"years": {
"2023": 338.4,
"2024": 279.1,
"2025": 275.3
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "BFA",
"name": "Burkina Faso",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Africa",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 560.9,
"display_name": "Burkina Faso",
"iso2": "BF",
"years": {
"2023": 568.0,
"2024": 560.9
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "BDI",
"name": "Burundi",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Africa",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 183.7,
"display_name": "Burundi",
"iso2": "BI",
"years": {
"2023": 180.0,
"2024": 183.7
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "CPV",
"name": "Cabo Verde",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Africa",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 463.5,
"display_name": "Cabo Verde",
"iso2": "CV",
"years": {
"2023": 482.0,
"2024": 463.5
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "KHM",
"name": "Cambodia",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Asia",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 538.7,
"display_name": "Cambodia",
"iso2": "KH",
"years": {
"2023": 491.6,
"2024": 538.7,
"2025": 498.8
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "CMR",
"name": "Cameroon",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Africa",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 226.2,
"display_name": "Cameroon",
"iso2": "CM",
"years": {
"2023": 225.2,
"2024": 226.2
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "CAN",
"name": "Canada",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "North America",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 184.8,
"display_name": "Canada",
"iso2": "CA",
"years": {
"2023": 177.5,
"2024": 184.8,
"2025": 191.6
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "CYM",
"name": "Cayman Islands",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "North America",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 632.4,
"display_name": "Cayman Islands",
"iso2": "KY",
"years": {
"2023": 640.0,
"2024": 632.4
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "TCD",
"name": "Chad",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Africa",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 629.7,
"display_name": "Chad",
"iso2": "TD",
"years": {
"2023": 627.8,
"2024": 629.7
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "CHL",
"name": "Chile",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "South America",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 260.9,
"display_name": "Chile",
"iso2": "CL",
"years": {
"2023": 304.8,
"2024": 260.9,
"2025": 290.6
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "CHN",
"name": "China",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Asia",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 559.0,
"display_name": "China",
"iso2": "CN",
"years": {
"2023": 586.4,
"2024": 559.0,
"2025": 528.3
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "COL",
"name": "Colombia",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "South America",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 298.3,
"display_name": "Colombia",
"iso2": "CO",
"years": {
"2023": 259.5,
"2024": 298.3,
"2025": 190.1
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "COG",
"name": "Congo",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Africa",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 715.6,
"display_name": "Congo",
"iso2": "CG",
"years": {
"2023": 692.0,
"2024": 715.6
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "COD",
"name": "Congo (DRC)",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Africa",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 27.6,
"display_name": "Congo (DRC)",
"iso2": "CD",
"years": {
"2023": 27.3,
"2024": 27.6
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "COK",
"name": "Cook Islands (the)",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Oceania",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 350.0,
"display_name": "Cook Islands",
"iso2": "CK",
"years": {
"2023": 350.0,
"2024": 350.0
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "CRI",
"name": "Costa Rica",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "North America",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 25.8,
"display_name": "Costa Rica",
"iso2": "CR",
"years": {
"2023": 25.3,
"2024": 25.8,
"2025": -36.4
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "CIV",
"name": "Cote d'Ivoire",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Africa",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 405.6,
"display_name": "Cote d'Ivoire",
"iso2": "CI",
"years": {
"2023": 398.8,
"2024": 405.6
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "HRV",
"name": "Croatia",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Europe",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 170.5,
"display_name": "Croatia",
"iso2": "HR",
"years": {
"2023": 195.4,
"2024": 170.5,
"2025": 158.1
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "CUB",
"name": "Cuba",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "North America",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 642.9,
"display_name": "Cuba",
"iso2": "CU",
"years": {
"2023": 644.5,
"2024": 642.9
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "CYP",
"name": "Cyprus",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Europe",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 513.0,
"display_name": "Cyprus",
"iso2": "CY",
"years": {
"2023": 533.4,
"2024": 513.0,
"2025": 505.2
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "CZE",
"name": "Czechia",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Europe",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 414.2,
"display_name": "Czechia",
"iso2": "CZ",
"years": {
"2023": 442.6,
"2024": 414.2,
"2025": 401.4
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "DNK",
"name": "Denmark",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Europe",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 132.2,
"display_name": "Denmark",
"iso2": "DK",
"years": {
"2023": 152.6,
"2024": 132.2,
"2025": 99.9
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "DJI",
"name": "Djibouti",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Africa",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 430.0,
"display_name": "Djibouti",
"iso2": "DJ",
"years": {
"2023": 430.0,
"2024": 430.0
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "DOM",
"name": "Dominican Republic",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "North America",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 567.3,
"display_name": "Dominican Republic",
"iso2": "DO",
"years": {
"2023": 579.6,
"2024": 567.3,
"2025": 538.0
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "ECU",
"name": "Ecuador",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "South America",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 203.7,
"display_name": "Ecuador",
"iso2": "EC",
"years": {
"2023": 195.8,
"2024": 203.7,
"2025": 158.6
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "EGY",
"name": "Egypt",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Africa",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 571.4,
"display_name": "Egypt",
"iso2": "EG",
"years": {
"2023": 571.3,
"2024": 571.4,
"2025": 557.2
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "SLV",
"name": "El Salvador",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "North America",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 107.3,
"display_name": "El Salvador",
"iso2": "SV",
"years": {
"2023": 134.9,
"2024": 107.3,
"2025": 98.0
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "GNQ",
"name": "Equatorial Guinea",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Africa",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 643.0,
"display_name": "Equatorial Guinea",
"iso2": "GQ",
"years": {
"2023": 662.9,
"2024": 643.0
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "ERI",
"name": "Eritrea",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Africa",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 591.1,
"display_name": "Eritrea",
"iso2": "ER",
"years": {
"2023": 595.9,
"2024": 591.1
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "EST",
"name": "Estonia",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Europe",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 344.2,
"display_name": "Estonia",
"iso2": "EE",
"years": {
"2023": 395.3,
"2024": 344.2,
"2025": 318.6
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "SWZ",
"name": "Eswatini",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Africa",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 119.7,
"display_name": "Eswatini",
"iso2": "SZ",
"years": {
"2023": 113.6,
"2024": 119.7
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "ETH",
"name": "Ethiopia",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Africa",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 23.5,
"display_name": "Ethiopia",
"iso2": "ET",
"years": {
"2023": 23.5,
"2024": 23.5,
"2025": 23.4
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"2025": 218.2
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"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "USA",
"name": "United States",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "North America",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 383.8,
"display_name": "United States",
"iso2": "US",
"years": {
"2023": 392.9,
"2024": 383.8,
"2025": 384.4
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "URY",
"name": "Uruguay",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "South America",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 68.8,
"display_name": "Uruguay",
"iso2": "UY",
"years": {
"2023": 112.9,
"2024": 68.8,
"2025": 79.8
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "UZB",
"name": "Uzbekistan",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Asia",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 1040.2,
"display_name": "Uzbekistan",
"iso2": "UZ",
"years": {
"2023": 1113.2,
"2024": 1040.2,
"2025": 1000.0
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "VEN",
"name": "Venezuela",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "South America",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 85.9,
"display_name": "Venezuela",
"iso2": "VE",
"years": {
"2023": 91.8,
"2024": 85.9
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "VNM",
"name": "Viet Nam",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Asia",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 477.0,
"display_name": "Viet Nam",
"iso2": "VN",
"years": {
"2023": 466.5,
"2024": 477.0,
"2025": 458.9
},
"latest_year": "2025"
},
{
"iso3": "YEM",
"name": "Yemen",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Asia",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 591.4,
"display_name": "Yemen",
"iso2": "YE",
"years": {
"2023": 598.0,
"2024": 591.4
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "ZMB",
"name": "Zambia",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Africa",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 125.8,
"display_name": "Zambia",
"iso2": "ZM",
"years": {
"2023": 116.3,
"2024": 125.8
},
"latest_year": "2024"
},
{
"iso3": "ZWE",
"name": "Zimbabwe",
"area_type": "country",
"continent": "Africa",
"g_co2e_per_kwh": 383.7,
"display_name": "Zimbabwe",
"iso2": "ZW",
"years": {
"2023": 391.8,
"2024": 383.7
},
"latest_year": "2024"
}
]
}