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It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/ Song, Liting 2014-05-07 DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039 License:cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p...
What social and economic factors contributed to the large fatality rate in the 1918 influenza pandemic?
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Malnutrition weakened the human immune system and made a person more vulnerable to infectious diseases like tuberculosis and influenza, therefore, hunger and malnutrition were indirectly responsible for millions of deaths in the world in that period of time.
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It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/ Song, Liting 2014-05-07 DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039 License:cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p...
What problems were faced by medical staff during the 1918 epidemic?
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in 1918 and 1919, physicians and nurses almost had nothing in their hands to help individuals who were infected by influenza viruses. T
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It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/ Song, Liting 2014-05-07 DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039 License:cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p...
What helpful drugs are available now to control the disease or to provide palliative care for influenza patients?
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Today, although we still do not have very effective, powerful, and practical anti-influenza drugs available, we at least have some improved, useful, and helpful anti-viral drugs like zanamivir, and effective, convenient anti-cold medicines like Tylenol or Advil.
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It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/ Song, Liting 2014-05-07 DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039 License:cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p...
How has the mortality rate due to influenza declined in USA over past decades?
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in the United States of America, the influenza classed mortality rate declined from 10.2/100,000 in the 1940s to 0.56/100,000 in the 1990s; and the classed mortality rates of 1957-1958 and 1968-1969 influenza pandemics were not remarkably different from the non-pandemic seasons
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It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/ Song, Liting 2014-05-07 DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039 License:cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p...
Is there an Influenza vaccine?
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We do not have a universal vaccine to prevent all influenza virus infections, but we can make effective vaccines to a specific influenza virus strain in a short time.
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It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/ Song, Liting 2014-05-07 DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039 License:cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p...
for the 2009 influenza pandemic, what were the case fatality rates?
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that most cases of H1N1 influenza A virus infections were mild, the symptomatic case fatality rate was only 0.005% in New Zealand (16) ; and in New York City, the case fatality rate was 0.0094-0.0147% for persons ≥65 years old, and for those of 0-17 years old, the case fatality rate was 0.0008-0.0012% (17) .
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It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/ Song, Liting 2014-05-07 DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039 License:cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p...
What factors would contribute now to the faster rates of influenza infections?
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Nowadays, we travel faster, and we travel more frequently and globally, and we have more complicated social activities and lifestyles, thereby increasing the chances of viral mutation; and we realize that influenza viruses are even easier to reassort, recombine, and mutate in nature than many other RNA viruses.
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It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/ Song, Liting 2014-05-07 DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039 License:cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p...
What factors would be responsible in future for the prevention of an Influenza pandemic?
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influenza virus infections are controllable and preventable, with the increased population health and immunity, with the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System, and with standard/routine epidemiological practices, and with new effective anti-viral agents and vaccines in production in the future.
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It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/ Song, Liting 2014-05-07 DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039 License:cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p...
What was the detected fatality rate of H7N9 Avian flu?
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the detected 32.14% (45/140, one case from Taiwan, and one case from Hong Kong) (22, 23).
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It is Unlikely That Influenza Viruses Will Cause a Pandemic Again Like What Happened in 1918 and 1919 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4019839/ Song, Liting 2014-05-07 DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00039 License:cc-by Abstract: nan Text: Influenza and influenza viruses are wellknown popular topics to medical p...
Why would real case fatality rate for the H7N9 be lower than detected rate?
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most people usually think a common cold is a very common and normal occurrence, and they don't take flu-like illnesses seriously. In most situations, they would just stay home and take some medicines. Only those who have very severe flu-like symptoms would see doctors, and thereby be detected and diagnosed, accordingly...
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Ebola Virus Maintenance: If Not (Only) Bats, What Else? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6213544/ SHA: f16da7cf7a952fb981dfc0d77280aac9c3ab933a Authors: Caron, Alexandre; Bourgarel, Mathieu; Cappelle, Julien; Liégeois, Florian; De Nys, Hélène M.; Roger, François Date: 2018-10-09 DOI: 10.3390/v10100549 Li...
What is the structure of the Ebolavirus?
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single-strand RNA filoviruses
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Ebola Virus Maintenance: If Not (Only) Bats, What Else? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6213544/ SHA: f16da7cf7a952fb981dfc0d77280aac9c3ab933a Authors: Caron, Alexandre; Bourgarel, Mathieu; Cappelle, Julien; Liégeois, Florian; De Nys, Hélène M.; Roger, François Date: 2018-10-09 DOI: 10.3390/v10100549 Li...
When was the West African Ebolavirus outbreak?
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2013-2016
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Ebola Virus Maintenance: If Not (Only) Bats, What Else? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6213544/ SHA: f16da7cf7a952fb981dfc0d77280aac9c3ab933a Authors: Caron, Alexandre; Bourgarel, Mathieu; Cappelle, Julien; Liégeois, Florian; De Nys, Hélène M.; Roger, François Date: 2018-10-09 DOI: 10.3390/v10100549 Li...
What animals are considered to be maintenance hosts to the Ebolavirus?
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African bats
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Ebola Virus Maintenance: If Not (Only) Bats, What Else? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6213544/ SHA: f16da7cf7a952fb981dfc0d77280aac9c3ab933a Authors: Caron, Alexandre; Bourgarel, Mathieu; Cappelle, Julien; Liégeois, Florian; De Nys, Hélène M.; Roger, François Date: 2018-10-09 DOI: 10.3390/v10100549 Li...
What do circles indicate in Figure 1?
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a maintenance function play by the host(s)
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Ebola Virus Maintenance: If Not (Only) Bats, What Else? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6213544/ SHA: f16da7cf7a952fb981dfc0d77280aac9c3ab933a Authors: Caron, Alexandre; Bourgarel, Mathieu; Cappelle, Julien; Liégeois, Florian; De Nys, Hélène M.; Roger, François Date: 2018-10-09 DOI: 10.3390/v10100549 Li...
What do arrows indicate in Figure 1?
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infectious transmission pathways between hosts
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