The dataset viewer is not available for this split.
Error code: StreamingRowsError
Exception: FileNotFoundError
Message: datasets/leitro/Copiale_Lines@5dcdadc84ed5b9453c3f3bff3a8efee19e8dbba9/train/1-1.png
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 99, in get_rows_or_raise
return get_rows(
^^^^^^^^^
File "/src/libs/libcommon/src/libcommon/utils.py", line 272, in decorator
return func(*args, **kwargs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 77, in get_rows
rows_plus_one = list(itertools.islice(ds, rows_max_number + 1))
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2690, in __iter__
for key, example in ex_iterable:
^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2240, in __iter__
example = _apply_feature_types_on_example(
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2159, in _apply_feature_types_on_example
decoded_example = features.decode_example(encoded_example, token_per_repo_id=token_per_repo_id)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/features/features.py", line 2204, in decode_example
column_name: decode_nested_example(feature, value, token_per_repo_id=token_per_repo_id)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/features/features.py", line 1508, in decode_nested_example
return schema.decode_example(obj, token_per_repo_id=token_per_repo_id) if obj is not None else None
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/features/image.py", line 188, in decode_example
with xopen(path, "rb", download_config=download_config) as f:
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/utils/file_utils.py", line 977, in xopen
file_obj = fsspec.open(file, mode=mode, *args, **kwargs).open()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fsspec/core.py", line 135, in open
return self.__enter__()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fsspec/core.py", line 103, in __enter__
f = self.fs.open(self.path, mode=mode)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/fsspec/spec.py", line 1293, in open
f = self._open(
^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/huggingface_hub/hf_file_system.py", line 275, in _open
return HfFileSystemFile(self, path, mode=mode, revision=revision, block_size=block_size, **kwargs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/huggingface_hub/hf_file_system.py", line 947, in __init__
self.details = fs.info(self.resolved_path.unresolve(), expand_info=False)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/huggingface_hub/hf_file_system.py", line 716, in info
_raise_file_not_found(path, None)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/huggingface_hub/hf_file_system.py", line 1138, in _raise_file_not_found
raise FileNotFoundError(msg) from err
FileNotFoundError: datasets/leitro/Copiale_Lines@5dcdadc84ed5b9453c3f3bff3a8efee19e8dbba9/train/1-1.pngNeed help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
Copiale Lines
Copiale Lines is a line-level image-to-text dataset for historical cipher decipherment. It contains cropped line images from the Copiale manuscript paired with plaintext ground truth.
This dataset is used in the paper Learning to Decipher from Pixels: A Case Study of Copiale (HistoCrypt 2026).
Dataset Structure
The dataset is split into:
- train: 1,269 samples
- valid: 175 samples
- test: 370 samples
Each split contains:
images/*.png: cropped line imagesmetadata.csv: filename and plaintext transcription
The corresponding source split files are train.gt, valid.gt, and test.gt, where each line is:
image_id<TAB>groundtruth
Example
1-2.png,gesetz buchs
corresponds to the image:
train/images/1-2.png
Intended Use
This dataset is intended for research on handwritten cipher recognition, image-to-text modeling, and transcription-free decipherment.
Citation
@inproceedings{kang2026learning,
title = {Learning to Decipher from Pixels: A Case Study of Copiale},
author = {Kang, Lei and De Gregorio, Giuseppe and Heil, Raphaela and Fornés, Alicia and Megyesi, Beáta},
booktitle = {International Conference on Historical Cryptology (HistoCrypt)},
year = {2026}
}
Acknowledgements
This dataset is derived in part from materials related to Decipherment of Historical Manuscripts, a historical manuscript studied within the project "The Copiale Cipher" at Stockholm University. We acknowledge and thank the original project for making these resources available.
We also gratefully acknowledge financial support from Riksbankens Jubileumsfond under grant M24-0028, "Echoes of History: Analysis and Decipherment of Historical Writings (DESCRYPT)", which supported the development of this dataset.
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