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**A**: Other rewriting algorithms also exist, for example Cohen et al. [26] present algorithms to compute with elements of finite Lie groups.
**B**: One important task in this context is writing elements of classical groups as words in standard generators using SLPs**C**: This is done in Magma [14] using the results of... | BAC | CBA | CAB | BCA | Selection 3 |
**A**: Most convergent proofs either assume extra regularity or special properties of the coefficients [AHPV, MR3050916, MR2306414, MR1286212, babuos85, MR1979846, MR2058933, HMV, MR1642758, MR3584539, MR2030161, MR2383203, vs1, vs2, MR2740478]**B**: Some methods work even considering that the solution has low regulari... | ACB | CAB | BCA | CBA | Selection 3 |
**A**: Moreover, Alg-A is more stable than the alternatives.
During the iterations of Alg-CM, the coordinates of three corners and two midpoints of a P-stable triangle (see Figure 37) are maintained**B**: These coordinates are computed somehow and their true values can differ from their values stored in the computer**C... | ACB | CAB | ABC | ACB | Selection 3 |
**A**:
We observe that at certain points in time, the volume of rumor-related tweets (for sub-events) in the event stream surges. This can lead to false positives for techniques that model events as the aggregation of all tweet contents; that is undesired at critical moments**B**: We trade-off this by debunking at sin... | ACB | ABC | CAB | ACB | Selection 2 |
**A**: Unlike the case of squared loss, the result for exponential loss are independent of initialization and with only mild conditions on the step size. Here again, we see the asymptotic nature of exponential loss on separable data nullifying the initialization effects thereby making the analysis simpler compared to s... | CBA | BAC | ACB | BAC | Selection 1 |
**A**: To deal with this complexity, we train our single-tweet learning model only with manually selected breaking and subless events from the above dataset. In the end, we used 90 rumors and 90 news associated with 72452 tweets, in total**B**:
Training data for single tweet classification. An event might include sub-... | BAC | ABC | CAB | ABC | Selection 1 |
**A**:
We propose two sets of features, namely, (1) salience features (taking into account the general importance of candidate aspects) that mainly mined from Wikipedia and (2) short-term interest features (capturing a trend or timely change) that mined from the query logs**B**: In addition, we also leverage click-flo... | ABC | CBA | BCA | BAC | Selection 1 |
**A**: Only one of the patients suffers from diabetes type 2 and all are in ICT therapy. In terms of time since being diagnosed with diabetes, patients vary from inexperienced (2 years) to very experienced (35 years), with a mean value of 13.9 years.**B**: Body weight, according to BMI, is normal for half of the patien... | BAC | ABC | CAB | CBA | Selection 4 |
**A**: (2018). Defining the problem of saliency prediction in a probabilistic framework also enables fair model ranking on public benchmarks for the MIT1003, CAT2000, and SALICON datasets Kümmerer et al**B**:
In this work, we adopted KLD as an objective function and produced fixation density maps as output from our pr... | CAB | ACB | BAC | CAB | Selection 3 |
**A**: This establishes a close relationship between these two problems (and their corresponding parameters), which lets us derive several upper and lower complexity bounds for Loc**B**: We also discuss the approximation-preserving properties of our reductions, which shall be important later on.**C**:
In this section,... | BCA | CAB | CAB | CAB | Selection 1 |
**A**: Instead we use visual observations, typically 210×160210160210\times 160210 × 160 RGB images**B**: A single image does not determine the state.
In order to reduce environment’s partial observability, we stack four consecutive frames and use it as the observation.**C**: In this work we refer to MDPs as environmen... | CAB | CAB | CBA | BCA | Selection 4 |
**A**: The trajectory design took into account six constraints: initial and final position, velocity, and acceleration [23]. The Reflexxes Motion Library IV [24] was utilized to perform the inverse kinematics calculation.
**B**: The track tip positioning was the key parameter controlled during the creation of these cli... | CAB | ABC | BCA | BCA | Selection 1 |
**A**: We refer the reader to a survey by Coffman et al. [14] and a brief introduction by Johnson [19] for details on bin packing and its applications**B**: Online bin packing finds applications in a broad range of practical problems, from server consolidation to cutting stock problems**C**: Along with its practical si... | BAC | ACB | ABC | ACB | Selection 1 |
**A**: As said earlier, each chunk contained 10% of the subject’s writing history, a value that for some subjects could be just a single post while for others hundreds or even thousands of them**B**: Furthermore, the use of chunks assumes we know in advance all subject’s posts, which is not the case in real life scenar... | ABC | CAB | BAC | CBA | Selection 1 |
**A**: Table 2 and Figure 4 show the performance under non-IID data distribution**B**: Furthermore, we can find that the momentum factor masking trick will severely impair the performance of DGC under non-IID data distribution.
**C**: We can find that GMC can achieve much better test accuracy and faster convergence spe... | BAC | BAC | ACB | CBA | Selection 3 |
**A**: Using cross-correlation would produce the same results and would not require flipping the kernels during visualization**B**: operation.**C**:
, where ∗*∗ is the convolution333We use convolution instead of cross-correlation only as a matter of compatibility with previous literature and computational frameworks | CBA | BCA | ABC | CAB | Selection 2 |
**A**: It is obvious that more UAVs altering strategies in one iteration would be more efficient. To achieve it, the works in [34] and [35] have provided a novel synchronous algorithm. However, there exist superabundant restrictions that make the algorithm impractical in most scenarios. Compared with the formers, SPBLL... | ACB | CAB | CBA | BAC | Selection 3 |
**A**: Here, we will look at the derivation of Dr¯¯¯¯𝐷𝑟\overline{\overline{Dr}}over¯ start_ARG over¯ start_ARG italic_D italic_r end_ARG end_ARG,
the derivation of Dz¯¯¯¯𝐷𝑧\overline{\overline{Dz}}over¯ start_ARG over¯ start_ARG italic_D italic_z end_ARG end_ARG is analogous**B**: The node-to-node**C**: in figure ... | BCA | CBA | CBA | BAC | Selection 1 |
**A**: However, our experiments were limited to simple problems and environments, utilizing small network architectures and only two Dropout methods.
**B**: Our findings indicate that the Dropout-DQN method is effective in decreasing both variance and overestimation**C**: In this study, we proposed and experimentally a... | ABC | ABC | BCA | CBA | Selection 4 |
**A**:
Figure 5: Top: An illustration of the SegNet architecture. There are no fully connected layers, and hence it is only convolutional. Bottom: An illustration of SegNet and FCN (Long et al., 2015) decoders**B**: This feature map is the output of the max-pooling layer (includes sub-sampling) in the corresponding en... | BCA | ABC | ACB | BCA | Selection 3 |
**A**: Afterward, the number of training examples is limited to nlimitsubscript𝑛limitn_{\text{limit}}italic_n start_POSTSUBSCRIPT limit end_POSTSUBSCRIPT examples per class. We evaluate the training with 5555, 10101010, 20202020, and 50505050 examples per class.
In contrast to Fernández-Delgado et al**B**: Following F... | BAC | BCA | CBA | CAB | Selection 1 |
**A**:
Broadly speaking, our work is related to a vast body of work on value-based reinforcement learning in tabular (Jaksch et al., 2010; Osband et al., 2014; Osband and Van Roy, 2016; Azar et al., 2017; Dann et al., 2017; Strehl et al., 2006; Jin et al., 2018) and linear settings (Yang and Wang, 2019b, a; Jin et al.... | ABC | ACB | BCA | BAC | Selection 1 |
**A**: is difficult as they cannot be directly optimized using gradient-based methods.**B**:
However, training such discrete-valued DNNs555Due to finite precision of computer arithmetic, in fact any DNN is discrete-valued**C**: However, we use this term here to emphasize the extremely small number of values | CBA | BCA | CAB | ACB | Selection 3 |
**A**: The proof we give below exploits the hyperconvexity properties of L∞(X)superscript𝐿𝑋L^{\infty}(X)italic_L start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ∞ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ( italic_X ) and also our isomophism theorem, Theorem 1. Given our main results, we can give a more concise proof. See [29, Section 3] for related results.
**B*... | CBA | BCA | BCA | ABC | Selection 1 |
**A**: We then demonstrate the effectiveness of t-viSNE by describing two use cases with real data in Section 5. Thereafter in Section 6, we discuss the usability and applicability of t-viSNE by reporting the results of a user study**B**: Section 7 discusses our design choices, limitations, and possible future work. F... | CAB | CAB | ABC | BCA | Selection 4 |
**A**: However, Figure 1 reflects the interest of research in this field, as the number of papers is in continuous growth of interest**B**:
Both taxonomies and the analysis provide a full overview of the situation of the bio-inspired optimization field**C**: We believe that it is essential to highlight and reflect on ... | ACB | BCA | ABC | BAC | Selection 4 |
**A**:
Figure 2: Visualization of the learning process of AdaGAE on USPS**B**: An epoch corresponds to an update of the graph.**C**: Figure 2(b)-2(i) show the embedding learned by AdaGAE at the i𝑖iitalic_i-th epoch, while the raw features and the final results are shown in Figure 2(a) and 2(j), respectively | CAB | ABC | BAC | ACB | Selection 4 |
**A**: The core idea of the Path MTU Discovery (PMTUD) based tool is to send the ICMP Packet too Big (PTB) message from a spoofed source IP address, belonging to the tested network, and in the 8 bytes payload of the ICMP to insert the real IP address belonging to the prober**B**: If the network does not enforce ingress... | ACB | CAB | BCA | ACB | Selection 3 |
**A**: Listed is the classification accuracy (correct / total) of various models evaluated on the unseen testing data, i.e., batch T𝑇Titalic_T**B**: The values represent the average accuracy over 30 trials. The final column lists the mean of the values for batches 3 through 10. A bolded value is significantly greater ... | ABC | BAC | BCA | CAB | Selection 3 |
**A**: For semigroups, on the other hand, such results do exist**B**: However, there do not seem to be constructions for presenting arbitrary free products of self-similar groups in a self-similar way**C**: In fact, the free product of two automaton semigroups S𝑆Sitalic_S and T𝑇Titalic_T is always at least
very close... | BAC | ABC | ACB | ABC | Selection 1 |
**A**: We find that this approach also achieves near state-of-the-art performance (48.9%percent48.948.9\%48.9 % on VQA-CPv2), providing further support for our claims.**B**:
Based on these observations, we hypothesize that controlled degradation on the train set allows models to forget the training priors to improve t... | CAB | CBA | CBA | CBA | Selection 1 |
**A**: This score can be interpreted as an average of 14.87 years of education in the U.S. (roughly two years of college education) is required to understand a privacy policy. In contrast, Fabian et al. (2017) found that the mean FKG score is 13.6 when they conducted an analysis of readability of privacy policies using... | CBA | CAB | BCA | BAC | Selection 2 |
**A**: Data preprocessing and wrangling benefits from feedback provided by a VA system, for example, in the form of validation metrics that increase the per-model performance of several heterogeneous ML models used in ensemble learning.
Next, VA is useful for the exploration and final selection of different algorithms ... | CBA | BAC | CAB | BAC | Selection 3 |
**A**: In Weibo, FewRel and Amazon, the percentages that MAML outperforms the baselines by also decrease as the data quantity increasing. This finding is in line with the mechanism of MAML. MAML finds a sensitive parameter initialization that can adapt with few data samples [Finn et al., 2017].**B**: In Weibo, FewRel a... | CAB | CBA | ACB | ABC | Selection 2 |
**A**: However, extending the aforementioned works to the CA is not straightforward. The reasons are as follows: When the commonly-adopted DRE is integrated with CA, the limited radiation range of DREs is no longer the same and each is affected by the DRE’s location on CA, as the DRE-covered array plane is rolled up. T... | BCA | ACB | BAC | CBA | Selection 3 |
**A**: This will be bootstrapped to the multi-color case in later sections**B**: We**C**: Note that the 1111-color case with the completeness requirement is not very interesting, and also not useful for the general case: completeness states that every node on
the left must be connected, via the unique edge relation, to... | CBA | CBA | BAC | ACB | Selection 4 |
**A**: (2019); Chen et al. (2019b) study the convergence of Q-learning. When the value function approximator is nonlinear, TD possibly diverges (Baird, 1995; Boyan and Moore, 1995; Tsitsiklis and Van Roy, 1997). Bhatnagar et al. (2009) propose nonlinear gradient TD, which converges but only to a locally optimal solutio... | CBA | BAC | ABC | BCA | Selection 4 |
**A**: (2019); Li et al. (2022a); Chai et al. (2020) normally leads to faster inference speed than using both a deep encoder and a deep decoder. But in general, Table 6 shows that our approach uses fewer parameters and leads to faster decoding speed than the baselines to obtain a comparable BLEU score, showing the effi... | CBA | ACB | CAB | BAC | Selection 3 |
**A**: \prime},y^{\prime})}\subseteq f^{-1}(U)( italic_a start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT , italic_y start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ) ∈ italic_V start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 1 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ( italic_a start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT , italic_y start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ′... | ACB | ABC | BCA | CBA | Selection 1 |
**A**: 13, our approach generates the best rectification results compared with the state-of-the-art methods, showing the appealing generalization ability for blind distortion rectification. To be specific, the salient objects such as buildings, streetlights, and roads are recovered into their original straight structur... | BAC | BCA | CBA | BCA | Selection 3 |
**A**: Table 3 shows the training time per epoch of SNGM with different batch sizes**B**: When B=128𝐵128B=128italic_B = 128, SNGM has to execute communication frequently and each GPU only computes a mini-batch gradient with the size of 16, which can not fully utilize the computation power**C**: Hence, compared to othe... | CAB | ACB | ABC | BCA | Selection 3 |
**A**: See Appendix A for an in-depth discussion.**B**:
Unfortunately, standard SAA approaches [26, 7] do not directly apply to radius minimization problems**C**: On a high level, the obstacle is that radius-minimization requires estimating the cost of each approximate solution; counter-intuitively, this may be harder... | CAB | ACB | CBA | ACB | Selection 1 |
**A**: The local cost functions are not required to be differentiable, nor do their subgradients need to be bounded. The local optimizers can only obtain measurement information of the local subgradients with random noises**B**: The additive and multiplicative communication noises co-exist in communication links. We co... | BAC | CAB | BCA | CBA | Selection 3 |
**A**: According to Corollary 3.2, each QI value in the released table corresponds to more records with the reduction of δ𝛿\deltaitalic_δ, causing that more records have to be involved for covering on the QI values of long distance**B**: Therefore, the decrease of δ𝛿\deltaitalic_δ enhances the protection but also inc... | ABC | BCA | CBA | BAC | Selection 2 |
**A**: It produces smooth object boundaries with much finer details than previously two-stage detectors like MaskRCNN, which naturally benefits large object instances and complex scenes**B**: Furthermore, compared to HTC’s mask head, PointRend’s lightweight segmentation head alleviates both memory and computation costs... | BCA | ACB | ABC | CAB | Selection 1 |
**A**: As was written in the previous version, an anonymous referee of version 1 wrote that the theorem was known to experts but not published**B**: Maybe the presentation below is what was known. **C**:
Here we give an embarrassingly simple presentation of an example of such a function (although it can be shown to be... | ABC | BCA | ACB | ABC | Selection 2 |
**A**: In general nonstationary random processes naturally occur in many settings and are able to characterize larger classes of problems of interest (Cover & Pombra, 1989). Can one design a theoretically sound algorithm for large-scale nonstationary MDPs? In general it is impossible to design algorithm to achieve subl... | CAB | ACB | BCA | CBA | Selection 4 |
**A**:
In this study, we seek to answer these research questions. RQ1: How much do people trust the media by which they obtain news? RQ2: Why do people share news and how do they do it? RQ3: How do people view the fake news phenomenon and what measures do they take against it? An online survey was employed for data co... | ABC | ACB | BCA | ACB | Selection 1 |
**A**: If 𝐞W3Csubscript𝐞W3C\mathbf{e}_{\text{W3C}}bold_e start_POSTSUBSCRIPT W3C end_POSTSUBSCRIPT is unobservable during the training phase, it becomes less useful and potentially detrimental when computing attention scores during the testing phase**B**: To address this issue, we can introduce a decentralized attent... | BCA | ACB | ACB | ABC | Selection 4 |
**A**: As an example, we model the transition dynamics in MDP of ‘Noisy-Mnist’ in Fig. 2. We first use an ensemble-based model that contains three individual encoder-decoder networks as a baseline**B**: According to a resent research in model-based RL [48], the ensemble model with probabilistic neural networks achieves... | CBA | BAC | ABC | ACB | Selection 3 |
**A**: That is: For given arbitrary nodes P𝑃Pitalic_P, determine the polynomial space ΠΠ\Piroman_Π such that
P𝑃Pitalic_P is unisolvent with respect to ΠΠ\Piroman_Π**B**: We complement the established notion of unisolvent nodes by the dual notion of unisolvence**C**: In doing so, we revisit earlier results by Carl de ... | ABC | ACB | ACB | BAC | Selection 4 |
**A**: For example, in Figure 1, the model uses β𝛽\betaitalic_β-TCVAE [mig] to retrieve the pose of the model as a latent factor. In the reconstruction, the rest of the details are averaged, resulting in a blurry image (1b). The goal of the second part of the model, is to add the details while maintaining the semantic... | CAB | CBA | ABC | BAC | Selection 1 |
**A**:
DFS (Depth First Search) verifies that the output is possible for the actual Pin connection state**B**: In this course, we experiment with a total of eight test cases, including the number of input branches (four) of XOR and the direction of mobility of the output pin (K1 in K2 and K3 in K2).**C**: As described... | ACB | BAC | CAB | ABC | Selection 1 |
**A**:
A finite field, by definition, is a finite set, and the set of all permutation polynomials over the finite field forms a group under composition**B**: In this paper, we propose a representation of such a group using the concept of linear representation defined through the Koopman operator.**C**: Given a finite ... | CBA | BCA | CBA | ACB | Selection 4 |
**A**: A particular challenge of the aforementioned joint classification and view selection problem is its inherent trade-off between accuracy and sparsity**B**: For example, the most accurate model may not perform the best in terms of view selection**C**: In fact, the prediction-optimal amount of regularization causes... | ACB | CBA | ABC | CAB | Selection 3 |
**A**: Secondly, it speeds up model training and enhances scalability, especially for high-dimensional data. Lastly, and notably, relevant variables facilitate the interpretation of detected anomalies, particularly in high-dimensional data.
**B**: Firstly, relevant variable selection can eliminate redundant and irrelev... | CBA | ABC | BCA | ABC | Selection 1 |
**A**: We focus on performance comparison for varying values of parameter κ𝜅\kappaitalic_κ, and show that our algorithm has a consistently superior performance for different κ𝜅\kappaitalic_κ values in Figure 2**B**:
In this section we compare the empirical performance of our proposed algorithm CB-MNL with the previo... | ACB | BCA | ABC | BAC | Selection 4 |
**A**: Our VSGN achieves the state-of-the-art average mAP and the highest mAP for short actions**B**: Note that our VSGN, which uses pre-extracted features without further finetuning, significantly outperforms all other methods that use the same pre-extracted features. It is even on par with concurrent methods that fin... | BCA | CAB | CBA | CBA | Selection 1 |
**A**: Afterwards, he agreed that, once he gradually explored a cluster, it was easier to gain insights from the comparison with the rest. Both E1 and E2 mentioned that even though interactions are mostly bounded in the projection-based views, this keeps the tool easy to interact with and removes additional complexity,... | CBA | CAB | BCA | ACB | Selection 1 |
**A**: Distributed consensus algorithms, which work under the strongly-connected communication network topology assumption, can be used to estimate the total number of agents of the swarm**B**: The consensus protocol that is used to estimate the density distribution of the swarm in [14, Remark 13] can also be used to e... | CBA | ACB | BCA | ABC | Selection 3 |
**A**: The classic choice are the eigenfunctions of the LBO, which are invariant under isometries and predestined for this setting**B**: Moreover, for general non-rigid settings learning these basis functions has also been proposed [43].
A wide variety of extensions to make functional maps more robust or more flexible ... | CAB | BAC | CAB | BCA | Selection 4 |
**A**:
Path graphs and directed path graphs are classes of graphs between interval graphs and chordal graphs**B**: Gavril [8] proves that a graph is chordal if and only if it is the intersection graph of subtrees of a tree. We can recognize chordal graphs in O(m+n)𝑂𝑚𝑛O(m+n)italic_O ( italic_m + italic_n ) time [21... | ABC | BAC | CAB | ACB | Selection 4 |
**A**: Therefore, it is worth modifying this method to mixed membership networks. Numerical results of simulations and substantial empirical datasets in Section 5 show that our proposed Mixed-SLIM indeed enjoys satisfactory performances when compared to the benchmark methods for both community detection problem and mix... | BAC | CBA | BCA | BCA | Selection 2 |
**A**: (2016); Chen et al. (2016); Dalalyan (2017); Chen et al. (2017); Raginsky et al. (2017); Brosse et al. (2018); Xu et al**B**: See, e.g., Welling and Teh (2011); Chen et al. (2014); Ma et al. (2015); Chen et al. (2015); Dubey et al. (2016); Vollmer et al**C**: (2018); Cheng and Bartlett (2018); Chatterji et al. (... | CAB | BAC | ABC | ABC | Selection 2 |
**A**:
1) In general, RL methods perform better than conventional methods, and it indicates the advantage of the RL. The reason is that the conventional methods often rely on prior knowledge which may fails in some cases**B**: A typical case is MaxPressure. It shows good performances on several cases including Hangzho... | CBA | ACB | BCA | ABC | Selection 4 |
**A**: In terms of analysis techniques, we note that the theoretical analysis of the algorithms we present is specific to the setting at hand and treats items “collectively”**B**: In terms of the experimental analysis, in our experiments, the prediction error is a natural byproduct of the learning phase, and prediction... | BCA | ACB | CAB | ABC | Selection 2 |
**A**: First, we theoretically solve the problem of stitching partial meshes since every chart is informed about its local neighborhood**B**: Second, our method can easily fill the missing spaces in the final mesh by adding a new mapping for the region of interest. Because we can create an infinite number of patches us... | ACB | CAB | ACB | BCA | Selection 4 |
**A**: Unfortunately, optimalilty w.r.t**B**: ε𝜀\varepsilonitalic_ε take places only for the convex-concave case not for the strongly convex-concave one.222The analysis developed in this paper also does not well fitted to the strongly convex-concave saddle-point problems with different constants of strong convexity an... | BAC | BAC | BCA | ACB | Selection 3 |
**A**: In the first part, we focus on the complete analysis of small graphs, that is: graphs of at most 9 nodes. In the second part, we analyze larger families of graphs by random sampling instances.**B**: In this section we present some experimental results to reinforce
Conjecture 14**C**: We proceed by trying to find... | CBA | ACB | ABC | CAB | Selection 4 |
**A**:
The proof of Theorem 2.1 is quite involved and builds on the method of constrained chain maps developed in [18, 35] to study intersection patterns via homological minors [37]**B**: This technique, which we briefly outline here, was specifically designed for complete intersection patterns**C**: A major part of t... | CBA | ACB | ACB | ABC | Selection 4 |
**A**: Basically, the core statistical measure to examine in the radial tree is the target correlation depicted as a circular bar of different sizes for each feature in every data subspace. Moreover, a supportive measurement is the MI per feature that should have a light blue color in the cases of a potentially removab... | BCA | ACB | BAC | ABC | Selection 3 |
**A**: After the initial learning phase the algorithm quickly finds the region where the simulation is feasible with respect to the constraints. The confidence interval in the cost prediction narrows for the infinity shaped trajectory, which is likely due to a more clear minimum in the cost of this geometry. The optimi... | BCA | ACB | CAB | CBA | Selection 3 |
**A**: In the real world, biases may stem from multiple factors and may change in different environments, making this setup unrealistic**B**:
Methods are typically highly sensitive to hyperparameter choices, and papers report numbers on systems in which the hyperparameters were tuned using the test set distribution [1... | ABC | ABC | BCA | BAC | Selection 4 |
**A**: Also, visual saliency shows strong correlation with human gaze in scene images [125, 126]**B**: In [127], they estimate the general visual attention and human’s gaze directions in images at the same time. Kellnhofer et al. propose a temporal 3D gaze network [43]. They use bi-LSTM [128] to process a sequence of 7... | BAC | BAC | ABC | BCA | Selection 4 |
**A**: Generally, it comes out from wearing hats, eyeglasses, masks as well as any other objects that can occlude a part of the face while leaving others unaffected**B**: Thus, wearing a mask is considered the most difficult facial occlusion challenge since it occludes a grand part of the face including the nose. Many ... | BAC | CBA | BCA | CBA | Selection 3 |
**A**:
The first two kinds of processes correspond to the identity and cut rules**B**: Values V𝑉Vitalic_V and continuations K𝐾Kitalic_K are specified on a per-type-and-rule basis in the following two tables**C**: Note the address variable x𝑥xitalic_x distinguished by each rule. | ABC | CBA | BAC | BAC | Selection 1 |
**A**: It is evolving into an emerging technique called cloud media sharing [3, 4]**B**: An intuitive approach to reduce overhead for the owner is to store the media contents in a cloud platform and, with the help of the cloud, share the media contents to the authorized users**C**: In this technique, on the one hand, t... | ABC | BAC | CAB | BCA | Selection 2 |
**A**:
GraphFM(-S): interaction selection is the first component in each layer of GraphFM, which selects only the beneficial feature interactions and treat them as edges**B**: To check the necessity of this component, we remove this components, so that all pair of feature interactions are modeled as a fully-connected ... | ACB | CBA | CBA | ABC | Selection 1 |
**A**: The idea of the proof is very similar to the one in Jaggi [2013]. In a nutshell, as the primal progress per iteration is directly related to the step size times the Frank-Wolfe gap, we know that the Frank-Wolfe gap cannot remain indefinitely above a given value, as otherwise we would obtain a large amount of pri... | ABC | CBA | CAB | ABC | Selection 3 |
**A**: The Backtrack-Stuck-Structures method backtracks active paths that were not extended, but does not require a fresh pass. In total, a Pass-Bundle requires 3333 passes.**B**:
Our algorithm executes several methods (invoked within the loop starting at Algorithm 2 of Algorithm 2), and for most of them it makes a fr... | CBA | CAB | CBA | ABC | Selection 2 |
**A**: First, we consider a novel communication-efficient gradient tracking based method, termed CPP, that combines the Push-Pull method with communication compression**B**: In this paper, we proposed two communication-efficient algorithms for decentralized optimization over a multi-agent network with general directed ... | BAC | CAB | CBA | ABC | Selection 1 |
**A**: While the centralized architecture consists of master-server that connected with all devices which communicate to the central server.
But in theory, the centralized case is similar to decentralized with a complete computational graph. If we set W𝑊Witalic_W to the Laplacian of a complete graph, it is easy to ver... | ABC | ABC | CAB | BAC | Selection 3 |
**A**: The component that determines the distribution of policies that the oracle responds to is called the meta-solver (MS). The MS operates on the meta-game (MG), which is a payoff tensor estimated by measuring the expected return (ER) of policies against one another**B**:
PSRO consists of a response oracle that est... | CAB | CBA | CBA | BAC | Selection 4 |
**A**: (2020), but has the advantage of being independent of the range of the queries.
**B**: This lemma resembles Lemma 6 in Jung et al**C**: The simpler part of the argument is posterior accuracy, which we prove can be inherited directly from the sample accuracy of a mechanism | CBA | ABC | CAB | ACB | Selection 1 |
**A**: After such reduction steps, the size of the entire structure we are trying to find can be bounded in terms of the parameter k𝑘kitalic_k. We then use color coding [6] to identify antler structures. A significant amount of effort goes into proving that the reduction steps preserve antler structures and the optima... | ABC | CBA | BCA | CAB | Selection 4 |
**A**: [134] designed a shadow generation network to generate soft shadow for foreground object with user control**B**: They first predict ambient occlusion map, which is jointly used with user-provided light map to produce soft shadow mask. When adapted to our task, an environment light map needs to be inferred from b... | ACB | CAB | BCA | CBA | Selection 3 |
**A**: This suggests that deep learning models exhibit greater sensitivity to the amount of training data as compared to non-deep learning models.**B**: Our findings reveal that when only 3-day training data are available, non-deep learning models such as LR achieve similar performances as compared to using full data, ... | CBA | ACB | ABC | CAB | Selection 1 |
**A**: The estimation of prediction intervals for regression has received little attention recently, and the last general review predates the ongoing deep learning wave khosravi2011comprehensive (at the time of writing another review appeared with a strong focus on fuzzy methods cartagena2021review )**B**: By now, man... | ACB | ABC | BCA | BAC | Selection 2 |
**A**: This is especially pronounced in low-pitch scenarios, where the CNN baseline struggles with accurate classification. In contrast, our model exhibits a notably improved predictive accuracy, closely aligning with the ground truth representation. To further supplement the information**B**:
Figure 4: The melody/non... | CAB | ACB | ACB | BCA | Selection 1 |
**A**: This description draws a comparison e.g**B**: to L(k,1)𝐿𝑘1L(k,1)italic_L ( italic_k , 1 )-labeling problem (see e.g**C**: [10] for a survey), where the colors of any two adjacent vertices have to differ by at least k𝑘kitalic_k and the colors of any two vertices within distance 2222 have to be distinct.
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**A**: From the figure, the proposed DeepSC-SR can provide lower WER scores and outperform the speech transceiver under various channel conditions, as well as the text transceiver under the Rayleigh channels when SNR is lower than around 8 dB. Moreover, similar to the results of CER, DeepSC-SR obtains good WER scores o... | BAC | CAB | CBA | BAC | Selection 3 |
**A**: KPConv(paper) is taken from the paper-reported score, and KPConv(retrain) is the score from our basic segmentation network trained with 100% labels**B**: TABLE V: The class-specific mIoU (%) evaluation on S3DIS Area-5**C**: The baseline method means the basic segmentation network trained with only the weak label... | ABC | CBA | BAC | ACB | Selection 3 |
**A**: The detection performance can be remarkably improved from 11.84% to 70.91% in terms of the AP40subscriptAP40{\rm AP}_{40}roman_AP start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 40 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT under the moderate setting of car category on the KITTI val set (see Table 1), which suggests that the depth estimation is a critical performa... | CAB | CBA | BAC | ACB | Selection 2 |
**A**: Although the relational information predicted by GCN can be treated as long-range dependency for different text segments, the simple connection of FPN and GCN does not take advantage of the relational features. Even if the text region and its center line are both considered for generating text segments, some of ... | CBA | BCA | BCA | CAB | Selection 4 |
**A**: The average number of IP records is 100 for each individual IP address. Parameter k𝑘kitalic_k represents the number of frequently occurring IP addresses. The statistics of these datasets are summarized in Table 2.**B**: Each individual IP address contains one or more of IP records**C**:
In this section, we eva... | CBA | BAC | CAB | ABC | Selection 1 |
**A**: We consider the following preconditioner:
**B**: For block-triangular preconditioners, we focus on a lower triangular type with left preconditioning because an upper triangular one with right preconditioning can be discussed in a similar way [4, 25]**C**: We study both block-triangular and block-diagonal precond... | ABC | CAB | CAB | CBA | Selection 4 |
**A**: The hub can be a cloud server maintained by a mobile application company**B**: The hub can also be a server maintained by the company in charge of orchestrating the IT infrastructure of a particular silo**C**: A hub itself does not contain data but facilitates training by coordinating clients’ information.
The g... | ACB | ABC | CBA | BCA | Selection 2 |
**A**: As an alternative, pseudospectra attempt to provide approximate solutions by offering reasonably tight bounds and engaging geometric interpretations trefethen2005spectra **B**: Given the significance of pseudospectra in solving matrix problems, we aim to extend this tool to tensors based on the theoretical analy... | BAC | BCA | CBA | BAC | Selection 2 |
**A**: As our CFA module is updated from the contextual attention layer [35], we directly compare it with the original version to prove its effectiveness**B**: As shown in Figure 7 (f) and Table 2, we demonstrate that multi-scale feature aggregation obviously benefits the quality of the results, with consistent texture... | BAC | CBA | BCA | ABC | Selection 3 |
**A**: Together with the binary symmetric channel (BSC), they are frequently used in coding theory and information theory because they are among the simplest channel models, and many problems in communication theory can be reduced to problems in a BEC. Here we consider more generally a q𝑞qitalic_q-ary erasure channel ... | ACB | CAB | BAC | ACB | Selection 2 |
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