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**A**: A procedure explicitly addressing the construction of uniformly valid confidence bands for the components in high-dimensional additive models has been developed by Lu et al. (2020). The authors emphasize that achieving uniformly valid inference in these models is challenging due to the difficulty of directly gen... | CAB | CAB | BCA | ABC | Selection 4 |
**A**: Finally, in Sec**B**: 4 we tackle the motivating problem: moving from [17], we extend their results by providing, using the previously developed theory, an analysis of the time variability of sensitivities in time, as well as a quantification of the statistical significance and an analysis of its sparsity**C**: ... | CAB | CAB | ABC | CAB | Selection 3 |
**A**: With only two states, learning at any single (nondegenerate) prior is equivalent to learning at all priors. Our earlier working paper (Kartik, Lee, Liu, and Rappoport, 2022, Supplementary Appendix SA.1) provides some analysis concerning the extent to which this is true with multiple states.
**B**: Second, the no... | CAB | BCA | ABC | BAC | Selection 1 |
**A**: We extend our analysis to the case in which the researcher measures the effect of a single intervention on multiple outcomes**B**: Per se this does not necessarily imply that she should report multiple test results; we show that if there is a single decision-maker then it is optimal to require the research to re... | ACB | BAC | CAB | ABC | Selection 4 |
**A**:
Takamiya (2001) shows that TTC is the unique rule which is strategy-proof, nonbossy, individually rational, and onto**B**: The following Example 7 demonstrates this point. That is, the NTM𝑁𝑇𝑀NTMitalic_N italic_T italic_M rule defined in this example satisfies non-bossiness, individual rationality, ontoness... | BAC | ACB | ABC | BAC | Selection 2 |
**A**: Additionally, we obtain conditions under which these moment conditions identify those parameters**B**: Our main contribution is to obtain novel moment conditions for the common parameters in the dynamic ordered logit model with fixed effects**C**: Finally, we discuss the implied generalized method of moments (GM... | ACB | CBA | ABC | BAC | Selection 4 |
**A**: We analyze the causal link between income and work experience, as proxied by age, and show that our procedure provides evidence that the true causal direction is from work experience to income**B**: Though this result is not substantively surprising because income cannot causally influence work experience, it is... | ACB | BCA | ABC | CBA | Selection 2 |
**A**: It also surpasses Anthony Wrigley’s estimate that matching the annual energy output of Britain’s coal industry circa 1815 would have required that the country magically receive 15,000,000 additional acres of forest. If we add cotton, sugar, and timber circa 1830, we have somewhere between 25,000,000 and 30,000,0... | ACB | ACB | BCA | ABC | Selection 3 |
**A**: By creating efficiency gains, this type of collaboration can play a valuable role in the economic systems in which it is embedded. Apart from scientific collaboration, a number of relevant real-world examples fit into the basic framework of collaboration with congestion. On the internet, web pages make linking d... | BCA | BAC | BAC | ACB | Selection 1 |
**A**: Recently, Han et al., (2022) established a class of rank determination approaches for the factor models with Tucker low-rank structure, based on both the information criterion and the eigen-ratio criterion. Those procedures can be extended to TFM-cp.**B**:
Here the estimators are constructed with given rank r𝑟... | BAC | ACB | CAB | ACB | Selection 3 |
**A**: It might be, as is the case for the English protocol for the second-price auction rule, that a commonly-used protocol’s privacy can be strictly improved. These improvements come from delaying the involvement of some agents.
**B**: An agent’s contextual privacy is violated if the designer learns superfluous infor... | BCA | ACB | CAB | BCA | Selection 3 |
**A**:
This paper also discusses surplus analysis**B**: As in the partial equilibrium theory, the consumer’s surplus can be defined for a quasi-linear economy, and can be calculated using only the aggregated demand function**C**: The amount of surplus coincides with the increase in the sum of utilities in the trade of... | BCA | ABC | BCA | CAB | Selection 2 |
**A**: A strategy for the statistican in this game is a blame function**B**: Roughly speaking, we consider a zero-sum game between an adversary and a statistician, in which the adversary chooses a deviation and the statistician, after observing the realization s𝑠sitalic_s, has to guess the deviator if s∉D𝑠𝐷s\notin D... | BCA | BCA | CAB | BAC | Selection 4 |
**A**: With this in mind, we construct a certain space of functions**B**: Specifically, this is the space of demand functions that satisfy Walras’ law and have a uniform Lipschitz constant on any compact set**C**: Using Theorem 1, we can prove the compactness of this space (Corollary 3). That is, in this space, every s... | CBA | ACB | ABC | BAC | Selection 3 |
**A**: Gajdos and Weymark (2005) propose a multivariate Gini coefficient based on aggregation across individuals first, then across dimensions, which removes the effect of dependence across attributes**B**: Decancq and Lugo (2012) propose to aggregate across dimensions first, then across individuals, in order to keep t... | BCA | ABC | BCA | BAC | Selection 2 |
**A**: Such an assumption is plausible if the treatment assignment policy is unknown to human agents or knowledge of the policy is unlikely to affect the agents’ observed characteristics**B**: For example, in the social program studied by Bhattacharya and Dupas (2012), characteristics such as household wealth, househol... | BCA | CBA | CBA | ACB | Selection 1 |
**A**: Note that Assumption 2.2.(e) does not rule out the possibility of observing arbitrarily large clusters but does place restrictions on the frequency of extremely large realizations**B**: For instance, two consequences of Assumptions 2.2.(a) and (e) are that222The first is an immediate consequence of the law of la... | CAB | CAB | BCA | ACB | Selection 3 |
**A**: In the following, we provide analyses relying on a myopic approach, a deterministic approach and the lookahead policy introduced in Section 3.5**B**: We use this many simulated data points to reduce the influence of noise in the comparison.
**C**: Our evaluation is based on T=5000𝑇5000T=5000italic_T = 5000 simu... | ABC | BCA | ACB | BCA | Selection 3 |
**A**:
The left-hand side panel in Figure 7 presents the p𝑝pitalic_p-curves for the thresholding case**B**: Thus tests that attempt to find such humps may have power. Discontinuities at the chosen size and violations of the upper bounds also occur.**C**: Notice that, unlike the earlier examples, thresholding creates ... | BCA | BAC | ACB | CAB | Selection 3 |
**A**:
Financial and Trade Globalization Indexes. The expected sign is ambiguous for both variables as predicted by theory (Grossman and Krueger, , 1991). According to Shahbaz et al., (2013, 2015); Shahbaz et al., 2017b , globalization could increase pollution if trade and capital flows induce an economic expansion (... | ACB | BCA | BAC | ABC | Selection 1 |
**A**: To compare SyNBEATS with MC and SDID, we replicate the analyses in the previous section. The results are presented in Table A.3**B**: Notably, the performance gains of SyNBEATS compared to SDID are smaller than with the other estimators we consider. Finally, in predicting stock returns, SyNBEATS yields the lowes... | ACB | ABC | CBA | CBA | Selection 1 |
**A**:
As in the classical Neyman causal inference model (Imbens and Rubin, 2015), the variances (19) and (36) do not in general admit unbiased estimators**B**: However, it is still possible to build conservative confidence intervals using the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality such that the resulting confidence intervals have... | ACB | CAB | CAB | BCA | Selection 1 |
**A**: We also thank Otilia Boldea and Lenard Lieb for helpful discussions. Remaining errors are our own.
**B**: We gratefully acknowledge comments by participants at these seminars and conferences**C**: Previous versions of this paper were presented at seminars at Aarhus University and ESSEC Business School, the NESG ... | ABC | ACB | CBA | BCA | Selection 3 |
**A**: Perception of fairness of wages can also be influenced by additional factors such as age, geography, level of education, political inclination, health, and others, which I hope to explore in future studies.**B**:
My analysis is limited to a full set of experiments for the most common job in the US, and spot-che... | CBA | CAB | ABC | BAC | Selection 2 |
**A**: Both of these potentially differ from OSQPE, which from the perspective of player 2 requires that player 1 puts non-zero probability trembles on all possible actions, while player 2 does not have this requirement. Note that all three of these concepts potentially differ from observable perfect equilibrium (from ... | BCA | CBA | CAB | CBA | Selection 3 |
**A**: The paper’s central finding is that, among all possible arrangements, only one protocol has three desirable properties at the same time: it is efficient, robust to collusion, and minimal**B**: It is a remarkably simple mechanism requiring neither commitment nor mediation. The results concern uniqueness as well a... | ABC | ACB | BAC | CBA | Selection 2 |
**A**: The proof of Theorem 1 in MP is as follows**B**: is empty**C**: First, any value
β𝛽\betaitalic_β consistent with the model lies in ℬγ(𝜹)subscriptℬ𝛾𝜹\mathcal{B}_{\gamma}\left(\boldsymbol{\delta}\right)caligraphic_B start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_γ end_POSTSUBSCRIPT ( bold_italic_δ ), | BCA | BAC | BCA | BCA | Selection 2 |
**A**: dollars) at the time of discovery**B**: Panel (a) shows the mean of the expected cost of clinical trials and the FDA application and review process (in millions of U.S**C**: The row “All Drugs” refers to all the drugs in our sample, and, “Drugs with Complete Path” refers to the sample of drugs for which we obser... | ABC | CBA | BAC | ACB | Selection 3 |
**A**: Consider a market with many more applicants than institutions, where all applicants initially know their priorities**B**: For 𝖣𝖠𝖣𝖠\mathsf{DA}sansserif_DA, representing to each applicant her own match with a blackboard protocol requires only a few bits per institution**C**: For 𝖳𝖳𝖢𝖳𝖳𝖢{{\mathsf{TTC}}}san... | ABC | CAB | CBA | BCA | Selection 1 |
**A**: i𝑖iitalic_i votes at all q′(i)>q(i)superscript𝑞′𝑖𝑞𝑖q^{\prime}(i)>q(i)italic_q start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ( italic_i ) > italic_q ( italic_i ))**B**: There is**C**: As we document in the Appendix,
individual behavior in the experiment is mostly monotonic | ABC | ACB | ABC | ABC | Selection 2 |
**A**: However, we make the reasonable conjecture that immobile labour generates an unnecessary dispersion force that changes the conclusions of our model compared to the case of a perfectly mobile workforce only in the sense of “reversed” stability as transport costs decrease, i.e. the line-symmetry of all scenarios (... | ACB | ACB | ABC | CAB | Selection 4 |
**A**: The second is limited liability, which places natural upper and lower bounds on the security’s payoff given each realized return. Under these two assumptions, the set of securities coincides with a monotone function interval bounded by the identity function and the constant function 00.
**B**: Two assumptions ar... | BAC | ABC | CAB | CBA | Selection 4 |
**A**: The x-axis of the different panels depicts the firm rank (firms are sorted) according to different criteria: (A) CO2 emissions in descending order, (B) number of employees in ascending order, (C) EW-ESRI in ascending order, and (D) CO2/EW-ESRI in descending order**B**: The left y-axis margin states the saved rel... | ABC | BAC | CBA | BCA | Selection 1 |
**A**: Such phenomenon can be also observed in (Virasjoki et al., 2020).**B**:
The above results come from the analysis presented in Sections 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4**C**: It is worth highlighting that in what follows the results for the markets with the centralised planner and perfect competition are nearly identical | BAC | CAB | CBA | ACB | Selection 2 |
**A**:
As we explain in more detail in our literature review, the domain of single-peaked and the domain of single-dipped preferences have received special attention when decision makers decide where to construct a new public facility**B**: In our general approach, we combine these two preference domains to address th... | ABC | BCA | CBA | ACB | Selection 1 |
**A**: Specifically, the estimator only minimizes second- to fourth-order moment conditions implied by mean independent shocks, thus circumventing the need to impose a specific distribution on the shocks and enabling the identification of shocks driven by a common volatility process**B**:
The non-Gaussian estimator co... | BAC | BCA | CBA | BCA | Selection 1 |
**A**: In our static model, we capture these algorithms by means of managed campaigns that do not react to evolving market conditions (as proxied by deviations in posted prices).
**B**: “offering more control over where and how ads appear.”252525See https://ads.google.com/home/campaigns/demand-gen**C**: Letting adverti... | CAB | BAC | CBA | CBA | Selection 1 |
**A**: This means that the flow of P used for other purposes \citep[e.g**B**: In any case, we note that in our analysis we make the simplifying assumption that the entire PR production (and no other source) is used as fertilizer**C**: via phosphorus compounds, see also][]shinh is handled as if it flows in the same way.... | BAC | BCA | CBA | ACB | Selection 1 |
**A**: Unlike us, Alcalde and Romero Medina (2000) analyze a two-stage game in a many-to-one market under substitutability**B**: They focus on studying the notions of subgame perfect Nash equilibrium and strong subgame perfect Nash equilibrium**C**: Under these notions of equilibrium, they implement the stable correspo... | CAB | BCA | ABC | BAC | Selection 3 |
**A**: A soft default wipes away close to 10% of annual average (imputed) income**B**: A soft default has a negative impact of about 5,000USD on annual imputed income by year six post event**C**: This loss is long-lasting and increasing, as we will see also in Appendix G where we look at a longer time horizon.
| ACB | BAC | ABC | ACB | Selection 2 |
**A**: (2014) for kidney exchange, or by García-Soriano and Bonchi (2020) when the optimal solutions form a matroid. An interesting analysis of the combinatorial structure of fair distribution rules is the recent work by Hojny et al. (2023).
**B**: We identify three major directions for future research. First, our pape... | CBA | BAC | BCA | CAB | Selection 4 |
**A**:
The key to understanding the results of fits in Sec**B**: At its core is the average of the consecutive daily realized variances (2). Distribution of daily realized variance can be modeled using a duo of stochastic differential equations – for stock returns and stochastic volatility – which produces distributio... | CAB | ACB | ABC | ABC | Selection 2 |
**A**: When there is a pricing mismatch, however, the error is larger**B**: This is a useful consistency check for our learning approach.**C**:
The main take-away is that the prediction error is smallest when the hypothesized pricing rule is the true one; it is also numerically small (see the diagonal in each table) | BAC | CBA | BCA | ACB | Selection 3 |
**A**:
Several firms are engaged in researching a technological advance**B**: The first firm to make the technology work can claim a patent, which alters its future revenue stream and that of its competitors**C**: The extent to which the payoffs of the discovering firm’s rivals benefit or suffer depends on how strictl... | CAB | BAC | ACB | ABC | Selection 4 |
**A**:
To test the predictions of the model presented in the previous section, we designed and conducted an incentivised economic experiment. The experiment took place at the Lancaster Experimental Economics Lab (LExEL) in February 2023, involving 96 subjects across three treatments999The power analysis, conducted wit... | ABC | BCA | BCA | BAC | Selection 1 |
**A**: Results are collected in the following section, beginning with an overview using descriptive summary statistics**B**: The third section lays out our laboratory procedures and experiment design, and spells out the hypotheses on delegation motives that we will test**C**: Later subsections present inferential stati... | CAB | CAB | BCA | BAC | Selection 4 |
**A**: Our other two applications relate to existing work on sensitivity analysis. Our proposed sensitivity analysis for sharp regression discontinuity (RD) applies when data on the running variable fails tests for manipulation (McCrary, 2008; Otsu et al., 2013; Bugni and Canay, 2021)**B**: There is other work in the R... | BAC | ACB | BAC | CAB | Selection 2 |
**A**: In Proposition 2 we saw that both the constrained equal-distance and the proportional criteria are incompatible with NOM when all agents are considered**B**: Actually, this is what we do in the examples within the proof of Proposition 2.
**C**: However, as can be seen in Example 1, we can construct simple rules ... | BAC | BAC | ACB | ABC | Selection 3 |
**A**: Let g𝑔gitalic_g be a continuous map of a closed interval I𝐼Iitalic_I into itself:**B**: (There are several definitions of a chaos in the literature.) The following definitions are taken from [Ruette, 2017, Def. 5.1] and [Block and Coppel, 1992, Chap. \@slowromancapii@]**C**:
First, we clarify what we mean by ... | CBA | BCA | BAC | BAC | Selection 1 |
**A**: Their usage, however, is not uniform**B**: As of April 2024, there were roughly 3,500 packages available in the SSC**C**: For example, as shown in the solid line of figure 1, the top 100 packages account for about 71 percent of all package downloads even though they correspond to about 3 percent of the SSC unive... | ABC | ABC | BAC | CBA | Selection 3 |
**A**: So far, algorithms that provide the set of Pareto optimal points exist only for the special case of linear multi-objective optimization, see e.g. [1, 25, 24]. This restricts computational methods of finding the set of Nash equilibria via that characterization to linear games so far.**B**: This result holds true ... | ABC | ABC | BAC | CBA | Selection 4 |
**A**: This accounts for differences in results between these outputs and the grf outputs in other sections. In addition, due to the long time to compute SHAP for a large ensemble, we use an ensemble of just 1000 trees here.
**B**: Conversely, the EconML package lacks some of the features of grf and is implemented slig... | ABC | ACB | BAC | CBA | Selection 4 |
**A**:
The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 discusses related literature on interference in A/B tests**B**: Section 1 presents our weighted training approach along with theoretical justification. Section 5 showcases extensive simulation studies to demonstrate the performance of our proposed approac... | ACB | BAC | BAC | ABC | Selection 1 |
**A**: Of course, there are coordinated-attack games in which the welfare-maximizing equilibrium is even more involved than in these examples. And yet, by leveraging our new notion of common knowledge, Theorem 7 characterizes welfare-maximizing equilibria in all of these games. The proof of
Theorem 7 is based on the fo... | BCA | BCA | CBA | CAB | Selection 4 |
**A**: Specifically, Bhattacharya, (2020) considers the asymptotic behaviour of the following functional**B**:
In the remaining of this section, we borrow some relevant results from the framework proposed by Bhattacharya, (2020) (see Appendix of the paper)**C**: Within our framework the auxiliary results briefly discu... | BCA | CAB | CBA | ABC | Selection 2 |
**A**: Because (CTS) does not account for covariates, (CCTS) is often thought of as more plausible than (CTS)**B**: We generally agree, though in Appendix A.2 we add some nuance by pointing out that (CTS) can hold when (CCTS) does not hold (Theorem A.2)**C**: In such a setting it is not possible to estimate conditional... | CBA | BCA | ABC | BCA | Selection 3 |
**A**: Regular estimators rule out Hodges type “superefficient” and James-Stein type estimators**B**: We next consider the asymptotic efficiency bound for regular estimators**C**: A regular estimator sequence converges locally uniformly (under the local laws) to a limiting distribution that is free from the local param... | ACB | BAC | BCA | CAB | Selection 2 |
**A**: The tail area is further expanded for a better view. Visually, the tail behavior is more consistent with finite upper limit and mGB distribution than that of a single-year HPI, and is similar to HP**B**: This is further confirmed by p-values obtained in the U-test (see Fig. 12 below).**C**:
Fig. 11 shows CCDF o... | BAC | CBA | BCA | ACB | Selection 3 |
**A**: Instead, researchers can first aggregate the outcome series into lower-frequency (e.g., annual) observations, and then estimate SCM weights that minimize the imbalance in these aggregated pre-treatment outcomes. Doing so mechanically improves pre-treatment fit as well.**B**: Second, even when excellent pre-treat... | BAC | BCA | CBA | CAB | Selection 3 |
**A**: Section 3 shows that, under general conditions, critical values can be obtained for those distributions using the bootstrap. The main focus of the paper is on single hypothesis tests, but Section A of the appendix extends our distributional results uniformly over a class of parameter spaces and underlying probab... | CAB | ACB | ACB | CBA | Selection 1 |
**A**: where the penalty is applied only to the variables in the active set,
𝒙t,subscript𝒙𝑡\boldsymbol{x}_{t},bold_italic_x start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_t end_POSTSUBSCRIPT , and not to the pre-selected variables, 𝒛tsubscript𝒛𝑡\boldsymbol{z}_{t}bold_italic_z start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_t end_POSTSUBSCRIPT**B**: The ... | ABC | ACB | BAC | BAC | Selection 1 |
**A**: For a given trained MLP, we sample utility profiles according to one of our probability models and compute the average profitability of the MLP’s submitted rankings**B**: We take the average profitability that is achievable against a given voting method as a measure of a voter’s incentive to manipulate against t... | CBA | ABC | ACB | CAB | Selection 2 |
**A**: Under competition, experts choose prices that maximize expected consumer income. Hence, the boundaries determining experts price strategy are:**B**:
Which markup scenario do experts choose? With perfect diagnosis and full transparency, Dulleck and Kerschbamer (2006) show that under verifiability, experts always... | CAB | ABC | CBA | CBA | Selection 1 |
**A**: Specifically, we conduct two comparative statics**B**: First, we analyze the effect of parameter ϵitalic-ϵ\epsilonitalic_ϵ, which characterizes how stringent the QoS requirement for URLLC is; and second, we analyze the effect of parameter c𝑐citalic_c, which characterizes the investment cost of the network.**C**... | CAB | ABC | BAC | BCA | Selection 4 |
**A**: Second, a measure of complexity that can accommodate a family of norms**B**:
From this brief description of the proof one can see the two key ingredients: First, a measure of dependence, which quantifies the error of approximating the original process with a block-independent one**C**: Below we formally define ... | ACB | BCA | CBA | BAC | Selection 4 |
**A**:
The increase in total welfare is important from a mechanistic standpoint: consider a principal deciding whether or not to allow for agent garbling in an information transfer mechanism**B**: There exist cases when the agent would reveal some amount of garbled information in the game, but would choose to conceal ... | CBA | ABC | CBA | BAC | Selection 2 |
**A**: The following proposition gives a formal justification for this argument.**B**: The general CLT provided in Theorem 2.1 allows us to derive the asymptotic distribution of the statistic T𝑇Titalic_T in (4.1) at once under general conditions, allowing for many strata without categorizing them into large and small ... | CAB | ABC | BCA | CBA | Selection 4 |
**A**: The second result, Proposition 3.5, reveals an important indeterminacy about the agent’s utility function that cannot be resolved with only ordinal rankings of experiments. The third result, Theorem 3.7, states that an additional finite collection of utility differences between experiments (the difference in uti... | CAB | CBA | BAC | BAC | Selection 1 |
**A**: Rota (1964), Propositions 1 and 2, shows that there is a bijective and linear relationship between a Möbius inverse q𝑞qitalic_q and its generating function p𝑝pitalic_p**B**: This bijection is through Equation 2**C**: Hence, there is an invertible linear map carrying generating functions p𝑝pitalic_p to Möbius ... | ACB | ABC | ACB | BAC | Selection 2 |
**A**: This architectural innovation has enabled the construction of much deeper networks than were previously feasible without a corresponding decrease in performance due to training difficulties. This encoder architecture — and the feature map predicted by its convolutional layers when the “Home Alone” house was prov... | CAB | BCA | BAC | ABC | Selection 1 |
**A**:
ARIMA models, known for their flexibility in handling various time series patterns, were individually tailored for each sector**B**: The general form of an ARIMA model is ARIMA(p,d,q), where ’p’ is the number of AR terms, ’d’ is the degree of differencing, and ’q’ is the number of MA terms.**C**: The model sele... | CBA | CAB | CAB | ACB | Selection 4 |
**A**: We apply our method to reevaluate findings from Bailey and
Goodman-Bacon (2015). The original dataset contains 96185 observations by county-year level**B**: We then exclude all observations after the year 1988 due to limited data on those observations. The remained observations are from 1959 to 1988.**C**: We ex... | ACB | BAC | ABC | BAC | Selection 1 |
**A**: A worker detained at a loading dock, or broken down on the roadside, is not transporting freight. In these cases the motor carrier as an organization has incentive to sympathize with workers, which may result in strengthened relational linkages between frontline workers (drivers) and their support teams**B**:
W... | BAC | CAB | CBA | ABC | Selection 1 |
**A**: Wager (2021) and Zhou
et al**B**: While the sequential estimation makes the analysis of R(π^)𝑅^𝜋R(\hat{\pi})italic_R ( over^ start_ARG italic_π end_ARG ) challenging, Appendix A introduces some analytical tools to evaluate the regret of the sequentially estimated DTR.**C**: (2023) for doubly robust policy lea... | ACB | CBA | BCA | CBA | Selection 1 |
**A**: Is it the unique such auction? Does this combination of properties require a potentially large number of rounds? Our next result (Theorem 4.7) shows that, in general, the answer is no: with a valuation distribution that satisfies the monotone hazard rate condition (Definition 4.5), interrupting an English auctio... | CAB | BAC | ABC | CBA | Selection 1 |
**A**: and n2=2subscript𝑛22n_{2}=2italic_n start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 2 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT = 2**B**: Additional, because n1≠n2subscript𝑛1subscript𝑛2n_{1}\neq n_{2}italic_n start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 1 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT ≠ italic_n start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 2 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT,**C**: And the structure of Ξ11subscriptΞ11\Xi_{11}roman_Ξ sta... | CAB | BCA | CAB | ACB | Selection 4 |
**A**: Here is that quantification**B**: Equating information with a Bayes-plausible distribution over posteriors F𝐹Fitalic_F (given some prior), we specify the Quantity of Information to be a convex function of the expected (convex) divergence of the posterior**C**: Furthermore, as many different distributions over p... | ABC | CBA | ACB | BCA | Selection 1 |
**A**: Proposition 18 implies some further interesting consequences**B**:
Because of Proposition 18, from now on, we are allowed to focus only on subgroups of G∗superscript𝐺G^{*}italic_G start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ∗ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT**C**: Before describing them, we need the following simple propositions. | ABC | ABC | BCA | BAC | Selection 4 |
**A**: Bergman, Chetty, DeLuca, Hendren, Katz, and Palmer (2019) use effect predictors to select the top census tracts for income mobility.333See Gu and Koenker (2023) for a broad account of ranking problems and selection of groups of units based on noisy estimates**B**:
In Example 2, Chetty and Hendren (2018a) and Ch... | BCA | BAC | CBA | BCA | Selection 2 |
**A**: In anticipation of rising agricultural prices, several countries implemented relevant trade policies to restrict agricultural exports and safeguard domestic food security. For example, Russia announced a ban on wheat exports in August 2010, and Ukraine initiated grain export quotas starting in October 2010 and c... | BAC | ACB | CAB | ACB | Selection 3 |
**A**: Raghavan (1970) provides a necessary condition in terms of the rank of the payoff matrix, but the condition is not sufficient. Milchtaich (2006) and Milchtaich and
Ostrowski (2008) compute expected payoffs in completely mixed equilibria and provide a necessary and sufficient condition for a unique completely-mix... | BAC | BAC | BCA | CAB | Selection 4 |
**A**:
Remark: With the best intentions, we had fully pre-registered design and analysis of our experiments**B**: We stuck with the pre-registration as much as we could, but the unfortunate need to depart from the pre-registered plan of analysis is explained in Appendix B.**C**: Some but not all of the analyses presen... | CAB | ABC | CAB | ACB | Selection 4 |
**A**: The closest paper in the literature is by Chuai et al., (2023) who find no evidence that the introduction of Community Notes significantly reduces engagement with misleading tweets on X. However, the results of this study do not allow for the measurement of the causal effect of Community Notes because their rese... | ACB | BAC | ACB | CAB | Selection 2 |
**A**: In our context, the consistency condition that the equilibrium price aligns at each time with a decreasing nonlinear function of the expected (optimally controlled) production capacity can be viewed as the limit, as the number N𝑁Nitalic_N of identical and indistinguishable companies operating in the market dive... | CBA | BCA | BCA | ABC | Selection 4 |
**A**: Then D(z2)≥D(z1)𝐷subscript𝑧2𝐷subscript𝑧1D\left(z_{2}\right)\geq D\left(z_{1}\right)italic_D ( italic_z start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 2 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT ) ≥ italic_D ( italic_z start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 1 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT )
for all agents**B**: assumes Imbens-Angrist monotonicity.444Consider two instrument values z1≥z2su... | BAC | ABC | ABC | BCA | Selection 1 |
**A**: All prices are daily open and log-returns.
**B**: UCI is weighted average of stock prices traded on Tashkent Stock Exchange; Appendix A provides a list of data sources used in the section, including UCI**C**: First, we study the dynamics of the Uzbekistan equity market as measured by the Uzbekistan Composite Ind... | BAC | ACB | CBA | ACB | Selection 3 |
**A**: In the case of East Germany, data are collected from various editions of the Statistisches Jahrbuch der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik**B**: In Appendix A we explain in detail the steps we followed to collect and process the data and also show that the bilateral trade values obtained in this way closely match... | ACB | BCA | CBA | CAB | Selection 1 |
**A**: Simultaneously, NDP makes use of ideas from artificial intelligence involving simulation-based algorithms and neural networks [van Roy et al., 1997]**B**: The learner is not told which actions to take, but instead must discover which actions yield the most reward (or least cost) by trying them in an interactive ... | CBA | ABC | ACB | BCA | Selection 3 |
**A**: In our analysis, laws are coded based on their initial application to private employment and housing, focusing on broad protections rather than sector-specific ones. For instance, while Delaware extended protections to state employees in 1999, our coding reflects 2009, the year broader protections were enacted**... | BAC | BAC | ACB | BCA | Selection 4 |
**A**: However, as the purchase frequencies decrease and no clear ordering pattern emerges from a customer’s historical data, the task of estimating the necessary stock becomes significantly more challenging. Secondly, considering the product categories, there are SKUs for which inaccurate estimation carries a higher c... | CAB | ACB | ACB | BAC | Selection 4 |
**A**:
Our first result states the QALY evaluation function is characterized by the combination of the previous two axioms and the COMMON axioms.101010Theorem 1 is the extension to our setting of the counterpart results in Hougaard et al**B**: (2013) and Moreno-Ternero et al**C**: (2023). | ABC | ACB | BAC | BAC | Selection 1 |
**A**: If the π∗superscript𝜋∗\pi^{\ast}italic_π start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ∗ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT is unknown, we can add one more moment E∗[D−π∗]=0superscript𝐸∗delimited-[]𝐷superscript𝜋∗0E^{\ast}\left[D-\pi^{\ast}\right]=0italic_E start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ∗ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT [ italic_D - italic_π start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ∗ ... | BCA | CBA | ACB | BAC | Selection 1 |
**A**: One approach, which might be termed the utility efficiency approach, is to measure the additional utility which the consumer could have derived had they acted perfectly in line with the model of utility maximization under investigation**B**: Of course, this approach only makes sense when utility is cardinal (in ... | CAB | ABC | BCA | ACB | Selection 3 |
**A**: Since all orders on the set of workers must be considered, this is not a very efficient procedure**B**: Nevertheless, compared to the well-studied maximum and minimum competitive salary vectors, it allows to find other combinations of competitive salaries where the payoff of some workers is maximized while for o... | ABC | ACB | BCA | ACB | Selection 3 |
**A**: In recent years, \acML techniques became popular for forecasting tourism demand, such \acNN ([23], [18]), \acSVR ([19], [20]) and others**B**: Moreover, these models can explain non-linear relationships between input and output variables without a priori knowledge about them. However, the interpretability of the... | BAC | CAB | ACB | CBA | Selection 3 |
**A**: No calibration is perfect**B**: One restricts the sample to Europe and North America, the location of most of Drupp’s experts. A second alternative weighs Falk’s country data by population size. The remaining three calibrations use alternatives to Drupp’s data.
**C**: The appendix details five alternative calibr... | ABC | BAC | CAB | ACB | Selection 4 |
**A**: The estimator is presented in section 8. In section 9 Monte-Carlo simulations are used to verify our theoretical model performance. Section 10 concludes.**B**: Section 4 shows an alternative formulation of the triangular model as an integral equation to simplify the analysis. Section 5 provides an illustrative e... | ABC | BAC | CBA | CAB | Selection 3 |
**A**: (2022). To see why this is important, consider the following bang-bang menu offered to the high type (with small ϵ>0italic-ϵ0\epsilon>0italic_ϵ > 0):**B**: They expand the platform’s choice space beyond the bang-bang disclosure options (plans with 0/1 probabilities) studied by, for example, Ali et al**C**:
Why ... | CAB | ABC | CBA | ABC | Selection 3 |
**A**: Thus the disclosure of the initial signal alone generates negative price impact. If the additional evidence strongly indicates that the high inventory results from an accounting fraud (very bad news), its disclosure reinforces the initial negative price impact**B**: Our second result shows that the speculator di... | CBA | CAB | ABC | BAC | Selection 4 |
**A**: To elicit direct evidence on the extent to which taking on responsibility over a team is less appealing to women than to men, I use three distinct survey questions**B**: The survey was fielded to all employees in my sample and received a 50% response rate. Section 3 provides information on the implementation and... | ABC | BCA | BAC | BAC | Selection 2 |
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