robench-2024b
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48 items • Updated
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**A**: (2005) preprint has a typo, which in the published version has been fixed by redefining the meaning of q𝑞qitalic_q just for this equation, but we stick with the more natural definition of q𝑞qitalic_q and rewrite the equation. To get the corresponding approximation for the mean, we simply divide by S𝑆Sitalic_S... | ACB | BAC | ABC | CBA | Selection 4 |
**A**: To enhance the visualization, we exclude street segments with wealth estimates greater than the 95th percentile ($6,272,010)**B**: **C**:
Figure 2: Counts of residential burglary (slightly jittered) versus wealth estimate by neighborhood for each street segment; illustrates the nonconstant effects of wealth on ... | BCA | CBA | CBA | CBA | Selection 1 |
**A**: For each threshold, we select the response variables whose absolute effect sizes are greater than the threshold**B**: If the selected explanatory variable has value above the threshold in ground truth effect size, it will be the true positive..
**C**: In this section, we evaluate the yielded results of the TgSLM... | ACB | BAC | BCA | BAC | Selection 3 |
**A**: The only difference happens to patient 10 and 12 whose intakes are earlier at day.
Further, patient 12 takse approx**B**: 3 times the average insulin dose of others in the morning.**C**: The insulin intakes tend to be more in the evening, when basal insulin is used by most of the patients | BCA | ABC | CAB | CBA | Selection 1 |
**A**: However, their combined approach is not appropriate in a SEM setting, as their approach performs the model averaging over both the first stage regression (corresponding to instruments) and the second stage regression (corresponding to the structural model). In a traditional instrumental variable regression setti... | CBA | BCA | CAB | ABC | Selection 1 |
**A**: Next, three deconvolutional layers of 64646464 filters follow. An additional deconvolutional layer outputs an image of the original 105×8010580105\times 80105 × 80 size. The number of filters is either 3333 or 3×25632563\times 2563 × 256**B**: In our experiments, we varied details of the architecture above. In m... | BAC | ACB | ACB | ABC | Selection 1 |
**A**: Dupuy [12] discussed about different weapon system in his book about the Evolution of Weapons and Warfare (1990) which had evolved from 2000 BCE onwards till the Cold War and their tactical impact on combat**B**: Despite its Western bias, the book is good for detailed description of the military hardware which m... | ABC | CBA | CAB | BCA | Selection 4 |
**A**: Note that we impose a constraint on the momentum coefficient β𝛽\betaitalic_β during the theoretical proof**B**: But in practice, even when the constraint is relaxed, e.g., β=0.9𝛽0.9\beta=0.9italic_β = 0.9,
GMC still converges well**C**: More details about the convergence performance of GMC are provided in Sect... | BCA | ABC | ACB | BAC | Selection 2 |
**A**: operation.**B**:
, where ∗*∗ is the convolution333We use convolution instead of cross-correlation only as a matter of compatibility with previous literature and computational frameworks**C**: Using cross-correlation would produce the same results and would not require flipping the kernels during visualization | ACB | ACB | ABC | CAB | Selection 4 |
**A**: Operationally, the residual permutation test compares the observed value of the test statistic with values of the statistic calculated at randomly permuted residuals**B**: However, the validity conditions for the
residual permutation test vary substantially depending on the hypothesis regime, as shown in the the... | CAB | BCA | ABC | ACB | Selection 4 |
**A**: When volunteers attempt to donate, their hemoglobin levels are measured. If the h-level is below an eligibility threshold (see Table 3), the donor is ineligible to donate blood and receives a temporary deferral. Thus, the h-level threshold provides a natural experiment to identify the causal effect of the tempor... | ACB | ABC | CBA | BAC | Selection 3 |
**A**:
A fully connected neural network architecture was used**B**: It was composed of two hidden layers of 128 neurons and two Dropout layers between the input layer and the first hidden layer and between the two hidden layers**C**: ADAM optimizer for the minimization[25]. | CBA | ABC | CBA | BCA | Selection 2 |
**A**: First, we analyze the performance of state-of-the-art methods for mapping random forests into neural networks and neural random forest imitation**B**: That means that the methods aim for the lower-left corner (smaller number of network parameters and higher accuracy). Please note that the y-axis is shown on a lo... | BCA | ACB | ABC | BAC | Selection 2 |
**A**: We refer to the introduction of the latter article for further**B**: SBM and OBM and their local time have been recently investigated in the context of option pricing, as for instance in [20] and [16].
In [37] it is shown that a time series of threshold diffusion type captures leverage and mean-reverting effects... | BAC | BCA | CBA | BAC | Selection 3 |
**A**: As is shown subsequently, solving such a subproblem corresponds to one iteration of infinite-dimensional mirror descent (Nemirovsky and Yudin, 1983) or dual averaging (Xiao, 2010), where the action-value function plays the role of the gradient. To encourage exploration, we explicitly incorporate a bonus function... | ACB | CBA | BAC | BAC | Selection 2 |
**A**: Sparse attention mechanisms and approximations have been proposed to address this issue and improve the efficiency of transformers for longer sequences.
We refer to the work of Tay et al**B**: (2022) which provides an overview of various transformer-based architectures that focus on efficiency, reduced memory-fo... | CAB | BCA | ABC | CBA | Selection 3 |
**A**: The high density of benign cases (c) seems to indicate that their high-dimensional profile is clearer and less diverse than malignant cases, which are more sparse. Different combinations of dimensions are correlated with patterns between clusters (c, d) and inside clusters (e, f), which affects the interpretatio... | BCA | BAC | ACB | CBA | Selection 4 |
**A**: All codes are downloaded from the homepages of authors.
**B**: Besides, four GAE-based methods are used, including GAE [20], MGAE [21], GALA [32], and SDCN [31]**C**: Three deep clustering methods for general data, DEC [8] DFKM [9], and SpectralNet [7], also serve as an important baseline | BCA | BAC | ABC | CBA | Selection 4 |
**A**: This is a two-step estimator with tuning parameters for kernel estimation and sieves estimation, such as the bandwidth and penalization levels, which must be chosen by cross-validation. Because of the local structure of the hybrid estimator, the framework
of Lu et al. (2020) differs from ours in that they consid... | CAB | BAC | BAC | CBA | Selection 1 |
**A**: Next, we perform similar steps for RF vs. ExtraT without class optimization as shown in Figure 2(a.2, d).**B**: A drawback is the complexity of it compared to multiple simpler scatterplots.
Figure 2(c.1) indicates that, after the parameter tuning, the selected KNN models (narrow, more saturated bars) perform bet... | BCA | BAC | ACB | CBA | Selection 4 |
**A**: (2018, 2019), the PDE in (3.4) can not be cast as a gradient flow, since there does not exist a corresponding energy functional**B**: The proof of Proposition 3.1 is based on the propagation of chaos (Sznitman, 1991; Mei et al., 2018, 2019).
In contrast to Mei et al**C**: Thus, their analysis is not directly app... | ABC | ABC | BAC | CBA | Selection 3 |
**A**: For this paper we focus on \chCO2 emissions as the main output of an ensemble of coupled climate-economy-energy models. Each model-scenario produces a vector of \chCO2 emissions defined from the year 2010 to 2090 at 10-years time intervals**B**: This discretization of the output space is in any case arbitrary, s... | ABC | BCA | ACB | ACB | Selection 1 |
**A**: Chapter 11 of Fan et al**B**: (2020) and the references therein provide a thorough review of recent advances and applications of multivariate factor models.
For 2nd-order tensor (or matrix) data, Wang et al**C**: (2019); Chen et al. (2019, 2020b) consider the matrix factor model which is a special case of (1) wi... | ABC | BCA | CBA | BAC | Selection 1 |
**A**:
To further verify the superiority of SNGM with respect to LARS, we also evaluate them on a larger dataset ImageNet [2] and a larger model ResNet50 [10]**B**: We train the model with 90 epochs**C**: As recommended in [32], we use warm-up and polynomial learning rate strategy. | ACB | CBA | BAC | ABC | Selection 4 |
**A**: (2010).
Recall that we recommend the choice of commonly used cubic splines (i.e., ζ=4𝜁4\zeta=4italic_ζ = 4) in Section 3 to implement our method when prior information about the Hölder smoothness condition of the broadcasted functions is unavailable.**B**: (1998) and Huang et al**C**: Despite this mild differen... | ACB | BAC | BCA | CBA | Selection 4 |
**A**: The instantaneous reward is the payoff when viewers are redirected to an advertiser, and the state is defined as the the details of the advertisement and user contexts. If the target users’ preferences are time-varying, time-invariant reward and transition function are unable to capture the dynamics**B**: In gen... | BAC | BCA | ABC | CBA | Selection 2 |
**A**: The key observation that we make is that the DR learning problem can be cast as a style transfer task [DBLP:conf/cvpr/GatysEB16], thus allowing us to borrow techniques from this extensively explored area.
**B**: Furthermore, even though it involves two stages, the end result is a single model which does not rely... | BAC | BAC | ACB | CBA | Selection 4 |
**A**: Nonnegative ridge regression is followed by the elastic net and then lasso. The lasso is followed by the adaptive lasso, NNFS and stability selection, although the order among these three methods changes somewhat for the different conditions**B**:
The true positive rate in view selection for each of the meta-le... | CBA | BAC | ACB | ACB | Selection 2 |
**A**:
CB-MNL enforces optimism via an optimistic parameter search (e.g. in Abbasi-Yadkori et al**B**: [2011]), which is in contrast to the use of an exploration bonus as seen in Faury et al. [2020], Filippi et al**C**: [2010]. Optimistic parameter search provides a cleaner description of the learning strategy. In non... | BAC | CBA | BAC | ABC | Selection 4 |
**A**: Nevertheless, he noticed that in evolutionary optimization, hundreds of stages might not be necessary since, with three stages, we could gather performant models that are hard to surpass in terms of predictive performance. Finally, E1 mentioned that controlling the evolutionary process via the Sankey diagram can... | BAC | CBA | BCA | CAB | Selection 2 |
**A**: To overcome this shortcoming, mixedSCORE proposed a degree-corrected mixed membership (DCMM) model. DCMM model allows that nodes for the same communities have different degrees and some nodes could belong to two or more communities, thus it is more realistic and flexible. In this paper, we design community dete... | BCA | ABC | CBA | ABC | Selection 3 |
**A**: (2018); Boumal et al. (2018); Bécigneul and Ganea (2018); Zhang and Sra (2018); Sato et al. (2019); Zhou et al. (2019); Weber and Sra (2019) and the references therein.
Also see recent reviews (Ferreira et al., 2020; Hosseini and Sra, 2020)**B**: (2017); Agarwal et al. (2018); Zhang et al. (2018); Tripuraneni et... | CBA | BCA | ABC | ABC | Selection 1 |
**A**: Statistical measures such as target correlation and mutual information shared between features, along with per class correlation, are necessary to evaluate the features’ influences in the result**B**: Also, the tool should use variance influence factor and in-between features’ correlation for identifying colinea... | ABC | BCA | CAB | ABC | Selection 2 |
**A**: These methods can be grouped into two types: 1) those that assume the bias variables e.g., the gender label in CelebA, are explicitly annotated and can be accessed during training [55, 55, 69, 37] and, 2) those that do not require explicit access [46, 50]**B**:
Recently, many methods have been proposed to make... | ABC | CAB | BAC | BCA | Selection 3 |
**A**: Then, in Section 2 we introduce GP emulators. Section 3 reviews RFF and its application to kernel approximation and GPs**B**: Section Section 4 describes our proposed method for emulating dynamical models. Numerical results are provided in Section 5 where we apply our method to emulate several dynamical systems.... | BAC | BCA | CAB | ACB | Selection 2 |
**A**: This makes possible the nonparametric inference under heavy-tailed data-generating distributions such as stable laws Yang (2012) and Pareto distributions Rizzo (2009), and it distinguishes our tests from commonly used techniques like traditional distance covariance and energy statistic, for more discussion, refe... | CBA | BCA | CAB | CBA | Selection 3 |
**A**: [2022] is in essence the Frank-Wolfe algorithm with a modified version of the backtracking line search of Pedregosa et al**B**: We note that the LBTFW-GSC algorithm from Dvurechensky et al**C**: [2020]. In the next section, we provide improved convergence guarantees for various cases of interest for this algorit... | ACB | ACB | ABC | BAC | Selection 4 |
**A**:
An alternative route for avoiding the dependence on worst case queries and datasets was achieved using expectation based stability notions such as mutual information and KL stability Russo and Zou (2016); Bassily et al**B**: (2021); Steinke and Zakynthinou (2020)**C**: Using these methods Feldman and Steinke (2... | ACB | CAB | ABC | CAB | Selection 3 |
**A**: As shown in barber2021predictive , these methods always produce confidence regions that are contained in the intervals coming from jackknife+ estimators, with the added complexity that they are not necessarily connected, i.e. they might be disjoint unions of intervals.
**B**: Similar to how the interval estimato... | ACB | CBA | CAB | ACB | Selection 3 |
**A**: Overall reciprocity improves outcomes in the baseline condition but can backfire substantially due to negative reciprocity in the treatment condition. However, a uniform increase in subjects’ positive reciprocity attribute has a substantial positive effect on all key outcomes in both the treatment and baseline c... | CBA | CAB | ACB | CAB | Selection 1 |
**A**: Raster plot exhibiting the spectral density estimates for each of the 441 grid squares for the period from November 04, 2013, to November 11, 2013**B**: The x𝑥xitalic_x-axis only exhibits frequencies up to 0.05. The black vertical lines represent the frequencies that were chosen to be included in the harmonic r... | ABC | ACB | BCA | ACB | Selection 3 |
**A**: However, for the exposition in this section it sufficient to know what the properties of the operators 𝐋𝐋\mathbf{L}bold_L and 𝐖𝐖\mathbf{W}bold_W are.
**B**: This process is somewhat elaborate and the reader is referred to [31] and [32] for all of the details**C**: The operator 𝐋𝐋\mathbf{L}bold_L and 𝐖𝐖\m... | BCA | CBA | BAC | CAB | Selection 2 |
**A**:
Another way to obtain (1) is given in the next proposition**B**: The proof of the next proposition is deferred to the end of the Appendix, Section 10.**C**: It requires the existence of a dominating measure for which a standard bracketing entropy condition is satisfied | ABC | BCA | CAB | ACB | Selection 4 |
**A**: We remark that this example is just for illustration and showcasing the interpretation of the proposed tensor factor model**B**: In Chen et al., (2022), varimax rotation was used to find the most sparse loading matrix representation to model interpretation. For TFM-cp, the model is unique hence interpretation ca... | ACB | BAC | CAB | BCA | Selection 1 |
**A**: On the one hand, their trust in such decisions could be low due to a lack of in-depth knowledge on how models are learning from the training data. On the other hand, ML experts often have little prior knowledge about the data from particular domains**B**:
In the InfoVis/VA communities, most of the research in e... | BAC | ACB | BCA | CAB | Selection 1 |
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