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<|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> These empirical findings consistently align with our theoretical analysis.
To evaluate the efficacy of our contraction algorithm, we conduct experiments on various tensor network structures. <|MaskedSetence|> Notably, our algorithm outperforms both the CATN algorithm proposed in... | **A**: The results demonstrate that by leveraging environments and employing the density matrix algorithm, we achieve significant reductions in overall execution time and improvements in accuracy when dealing with tensor networks defined on lattices and random regular graphs.
**B**: Regarding the sub-problem of approx... | CBA | CBA | BCA | CBA | Selection 1 |
<|MaskedSetence|> As shown in Figs. 13 and 14, both the oscillation frequency (real part of QNMs) and the damping rate (imaginary part of QNMs) increase as Q𝑄Qitalic_Q increases. This behavior holds true for both scalar and electromagnetic perturbations, although the precise values of the frequencies and decay rates ... | **A**: The nonlinear nature of the relationship between Q𝑄Qitalic_Q and the QNMs suggests that even small changes in the charge parameter can have a pronounced effect on the behavior of the black hole.
.
**B**:
The charge parameter Q𝑄Qitalic_Q has a significant and nonlinear impact on the QNM spectrum of black ho... | BCA | BCA | BCA | BCA | Selection 1 |
<|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> Though for a given basis set, the finite dimensional vector space for the computations from the spatial orbitals is smaller than from the spin orbitals. <|MaskedSetence|> Nevertheless, it may be necessary to advance further improvement including factorizations kucharski1991recursi... | **A**:
The number of resulting equations can be large at higher order PSA-CC and spin adaptations.
**B**: This could slow down the computations.
**C**: One may then expect a further optimized PSA-CC will be more efficient than the spin-orbital approaches.
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The spectral function calculated along the AFM BZ boundary plotted in Fig. 4d indicates that the pseudogap shrinks on approaching (π𝜋\piitalic_π, 0), which explains the experimental results (Fig. 2). The electron-concentration dependence of the calculated spectra is also qualitatively consistent with the experimenta... | **A**: The overall momentum positions of the gap opening (Fig. 3e) is also reproduced by the calculation satisfactorily (see Supplementary Fig. S7).
**B**: In the fractionalized fermion picture, this can be interpreted as a consequence of hybridization between the UHB and a “dark/hidden fermion” Sakai et al.
**C**: T... | ACB | ACB | ACB | ABC | Selection 1 |
<|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> The advantage of the M=N−1𝑀𝑁1M=N-1italic_M = italic_N - 1 assumption is that in this case the group UM,Nsubscript𝑈𝑀𝑁U_{M,N}italic_U start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_M , italic_N end_POSTSUBSCRIPT is
trivial, so GL(M,𝐎)⋉UM,N(𝐅)GLleft-normal-factor-semidirect-product𝑀𝐎subscript𝑈... | **A**: 1.3.
**B**: As was noted above, one has to be careful about specializing to non-generic q𝑞qitalic_q.
**C**: What is done in this paper?
In this paper we deal with the case M=N−1𝑀𝑁1M=N-1italic_M = italic_N - 1 for generic q𝑞qitalic_q.
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Figure 3:
Qualitative and quantitaive comparison of the intermittency in daily precipitation above 1 mm/day, on the same date (25th December 2014), for the (a) ERA5 reanalysis, (b) CM2Mc-LPJmL model, (c) GAN-based and (d) QM-based post-processing. The CM2Mc-LPJmL precipitation field (b) corresponds to an input of th... | **A**: Note that the modelled fields are not expected to be point-wise similar to the ERA5 ‘ground truth’ (a), since these are time slices from climate projection runs.
(e) The spatial power spectral density (PSD) of the different precipitation fields, averaged radially in space and over time.
**B**: Note that only GA... | CAB | ACB | ACB | ACB | Selection 4 |
For many important applications entanglement has been proven to be a powerful resource. <|MaskedSetence|> (2008); Reuvers (2018); Gour and Wallach (2010); Huber et al. <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> (2022).
However, multiparticle entanglement offers a complex and rich structure resulting in the impossibility ... | **A**: (2017, 2018); Contreras and Goyeneche (2022).
Still, the analysis of AME states is important for understanding quantum error correction and regarded as one of the central problems in the field Horodecki et al.
**B**: (2022); Rather et al.
**C**: An example of resourceful states are the absolutely maximally ent... | CBA | CAB | CAB | CAB | Selection 2 |
In this paper, by ‘confinement’ we mean a low energy effective description of the QCD-like theory, where particles (hadrons) are interpolated by color-singlet local operators. We assume, in particular, that there exist no massless extended objects interpolated by non-local operators. The notion of particles implies tha... | **A**: Even though such a low energy effective theory per se does not define a phase in the Landau sense (due to the lack of center symmetry), it is still a valid description when the coupling between quarks and gluons becomes very strong.
We will study whether such a confining description is compatible with unbroken c... | BCA | BCA | BCA | BCA | Selection 2 |
In magnetic systems, coupling between surface acoustic waves and single magnetic skyrmion has been examined [61, 62, 63]. <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> Experimentally, however, shear-vertical component in Rayleigh waves may disturb translation of Néel-type skyrmion [62, 63].
Rather, shear-horizontal wave induc... | **A**: It is theoretically suggested that longitudinal acoustic wave induces translational motion of magnetic bubbles [61].
**B**: Here, surface acoustic waves include Rayleigh wave (shear-vertical and longitudinal strains are excited) and Love wave (shear-horizontal strain is excited) [60, 63].
**C**: Thus, it shoul... | BAC | BAC | CBA | BAC | Selection 1 |
<|MaskedSetence|> This is our main motivation in this study. On the other hand, in addition to this main motivation, we have several more important motivations that are the focus of this study. First of all, the nature we live in, the universe, is non-linear. This non-linearity leads to chaotic dynamics. Second, our u... | **A**: One of them is mutual interaction and the other is self-interaction..
**B**: As we have briefly summarized above, interaction models seem to have significant potential to solve some important problems in cosmology.
**C**: It is expected that the dynamics that lead to this geometric elegance are chaotic.
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<|MaskedSetence|> A report concerning the general case of rotational LD will be published separately. Our provisional results reveal that the ranking of different algorithms cannot be put on the same level because stochastic rotational motion discretization requires solving more sophisticated analytical and technical ... | **A**: Practical recommendations regarding the benefits and constraints of usage of the selected integrators conclude the paper..
**B**: In addition to all applicable tests, the integrators were tested with different physical requirements in section 3.
**C**:
The present study focuses systems with diagonal mass matr... | CBA | CBA | CBA | ABC | Selection 1 |
All the signal and background processes are passed through all these event selection criteria up to C4 before passing events to MVA. <|MaskedSetence|> The combined background is the weighted combination of all the different background processes. Each signal and background class is randomly divided into 50%percent5050... | **A**: The left (signal) and right (background) tables of Figure 9 show the linear correlation coefficients among the variables employed in MVA for BP1.
**B**: The variables with high relative importance distinguishing the signal class from the background class are preferable.
**C**: We create two separate signal and... | CBA | BAC | CBA | CBA | Selection 4 |
<|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> Furthermore, our specific heat measurements reveal a quadratic temperature dependence of the magnetic component at ultra-low temperatures, as well as linear-T𝑇Titalic_T dependence as function of magnetic field, providing strong experimental evidence for the presence of a U(1) Dira... | **A**:
III Conclusions
In conclusion, we have successfully synthesized and characterized high-quality single crystals of YbZn2GaO5, a Yb-based triangular lattice system that displays no observable intrinsic chemical disorder.
**B**: This discovery shines a spotlight on the potential realization of a Dirac QSL in Yb... | ACB | ACB | ACB | CAB | Selection 2 |
<|MaskedSetence|> The effective action implies the existence of two distinct types of scalar KK modes that couple with the massive vector modes. While we have established that the effective action maintains gauge invariance in brane models with a conformal metric. However, the solvable 6D branes are usually constructe... | **A**: Firstly, if the brane solutions do not conform to the imposed constraint conditions, the formulation of a gauge-invariant effective action becomes unfeasible.
**B**: By comparing the EOM for the KK modes (deriving from two ways), we revealed that to preserve the gauge invariance of the effective action in these... | CBA | CBA | CBA | CAB | Selection 1 |
<|MaskedSetence|> By thoroughly investigating our proposed model, we explore and identify a parameter space that can successfully account for the observed GW signals while addressing the small-scale structure problems. This model holds promise for experimental testing in the near future.
The article is organized as ... | **A**: Section III focuses on the calculation of the FOPT and the corresponding GW signals.
**B**:
In this work, we present a concise and comprehensive model within the framework of SIDM to explain the recently reported PTA data, specifically focusing on the NANOGrav and CPTA observations.
**C**: In Section IV, we p... | ACB | BAC | BAC | BAC | Selection 4 |
Dependence of THz Signal Amplitude, Central Frequency, and Bandwidth on Heterostructure Thickness and NM Materials: Fig. 2 illustrates the emitted THz signal as a function of delay time and laser spot position for distinct samples. <|MaskedSetence|> As the thickness of the CoFeB layer increases, the amplitude of the ... | **A**: Accordingly, irrespective of the type of metal layers, no THz emission is detected at the thin end of the wedge, where the CoFeB thickness is 0 nm.
**B**: As a result, the THz signal reaches a plateau beyond this critical thickness.
**C**: (b) A magnified scale of the THz signal for stacks comprising NM layers... | ABC | ABC | BAC | ABC | Selection 1 |
We note that despite being a computationally cheap method for computing constraints on the SME coefficients from multiple GW events, the SVD-assisted random draw method has certain inadequacies. There is ambiguity in the exact meaning and interpretation of the uncertainty estimates produced by this method. <|MaskedSe... | **A**: The stochastic MCMC sampling employed by our Bayesian methods is expected to converge much faster if the MCMC chains are initialized near the maxima of the posterior being sampled.
**B**: While the Bayesian intervals represent regions of the SME parameter space wherein their true values lie with a particular po... | ACB | CBA | CBA | CBA | Selection 2 |
<|MaskedSetence|> (a-c) Plot of the cross section of the triangular fin including three different disorder configurations at the Si/SiGe interfaces. The blue dots depict the discrete lattice points used for the numerical diagonalization of the Hamiltonian in the main text and the red lines mark the interface between t... | **A**:
Figure S3:
Atomistic disorder in our Si/SiGe fins.
**B**: The result is for all three configurations exactly the same as for the triangular fin without interface steps.
**C**: (d) Valley splitting ΔΔ\Deltaroman_Δ plotted against the Ge concentration 1−x1𝑥1-x1 - italic_x and electric field E𝐸Eitalic_E (poin... | ABC | ACB | ACB | ACB | Selection 4 |
1.
Data/Metadata. <|MaskedSetence|> Metadata classes contain all auxiliary information needed for image reconstruction pertaining to a particular imaging system, such as voxel size, spatial dimensions, and information pertaining to the raw data of a particular modality. <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> The I/O... | **A**: Data reading consists of loading the generated files and constructing the appropriate data/metadata instances within the PyTomography framework.
**B**: The standard data type used to represent images and raw projection data is the tensor class of PyTorch; data can be stored on CPU or GPU.
**C**: The input/outp... | BCA | BCA | BAC | BCA | Selection 2 |
<|MaskedSetence|> To date, only solutions to the two-body Schrödinger equation have been obtained, demonstrating that sufficiently strong PSOI can lead to the formation of bound electron pairs with a particular orbital and spin structures, including p𝑝pitalic_p-wave symmetry [37, 38], and may even support finite-mome... | **A**: Specifically, how PSOI-induced instabilities in the particle-particle channel stabilize, and whether they lead to superconductivity or alternative phases, remains unanswered.
**B**:
On the other hand, the nature and consequences of PSOI-induced instabilities in the particle-particle channel remain largely une... | ACB | BCA | BCA | BCA | Selection 3 |
<|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> (2021); Gonçalves and Natário (2020); Gwak (2020, 2018).
However, when considering the superradiation induced by the interaction between the black hole and the scalar field, both extreme and near-extreme black holes situation do not violate the weak cosmic censorship conjectureBrit... | **A**: Additionally, physicists have discovered that incorporating quantum effects can also lead to a violation of this conjecture, resulting in the emergence of an undesirable naked singularityMatsas et al.
**B**: The weak cosmic censorship conjecture is not violated when considering the scattering of classical scala... | CBA | CBA | CBA | ABC | Selection 3 |
In Fig. 9(a), the initial value of the VQC method is again higher than that of the neural network. <|MaskedSetence|> From there are no discernible differences between the two models. <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> However, at Generation 25, the neural network initially achieves a better own coin rate before bei... | **A**: In Terms of own coin rate, at first, the VQC archives a slightly higher score.
**B**: A similar performance of the two approaches can be seen in Fig. 9(b), where the average number of own coins collected is shown.
**C**: Due to a steeper learning curve, the neural network is able to compensate the lower starti... | CBA | CBA | BAC | CBA | Selection 1 |
In an HP configuration, the total energy is calculated based on the number of non-adjacent H beads that are in proximity to each other. <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> The shortest distance would be a one unit distance away, and that would happen when they share the same coordinates in any two dimensions. We coul... | **A**: The maximum distance that two beads, that are in proximity, can have is 33\sqrt{3}square-root start_ARG 3 end_ARG.
**B**: Adjacent H beads in the chain are anyway in proximity, and they are not counted.
**C**: We consider it a proximity when two H beads are within a unit lattice distance away in all 3 spatial ... | BCA | BCA | BCA | CAB | Selection 1 |
Although the concept of the fractional derivatives and dispersion has a long history, their realization in physical systems, such as nonlinear fiber optics, is a relatively new and emerging topic. <|MaskedSetence|> The current results focus primarily on positive fractional dispersion lengths, corresponding to the “rep... | **A**: Recently two works have demonstrated an “attraction” effect (narrowed spectrum) in similar contexts [65, 66].
**B**: 3) Finally, due to the mathematical similarity between the FNLSE in nonlinear optics and its quantum counterpart, this regime may serve as an effective model for emulating fractional quantum mech... | CAB | CAB | CAB | CAB | Selection 4 |
<|MaskedSetence|> Therefore, we can easily conclude that our simulations are correct with the verification of experiments.
The deviation of amplitudes of transmission spectrums between the simulations and the experiments comes from two reasons. Firstly, the larger intrinsic loss of metal appears in the experiments esp... | **A**:
As we can see from our experimental results, all the experimental results are well consistent with our simulations in the frequencies.
**B**: Secondly, the thickness of substrate (Si) is only 1000 μm𝜇𝑚\mu mitalic_μ italic_m and the more information of peak resonance will submerge within the echo when we do ... | BAC | ABC | ABC | ABC | Selection 4 |
<|MaskedSetence|> Confining or immersed boundaries introduce preferential orientations of the director field with a given strength (for instance, a tangential anchoring condition), these generally lie in competition with the preferred uniformity of the orientation field [83]. <|MaskedSetence|> Dipolar and quadrupolar... | **A**: Bodies immersed in a LC (that are much larger than the LC constituents) disturb the orientational order of the bulk liquid crystal.
**B**: If there are multiple immersed bodies or boundaries, the elastic energy may be reduced by altering their relative positions and orientations.
**C**: Rather than colloid tra... | ABC | ABC | CAB | ABC | Selection 1 |
Author contributions
SL studied the virial theorem while participating in the “Introduction to Astrophysics” cluster in the COSMOS summer program held at UC Irvine from July 9, 2023 to August 4, 2023. Specifically, she used the virial theorem to repeat Zwicky’s Coma cluster mass estimates using modern measurements of ... | **A**: LP drafted the initial manuscript; both SL and LP edited the first version posted on arXiv [24].
**B**: LP learned of the virial theorem from SL and, in discussing its proof with SL, realized that it must be related to the Price equation.
**C**: SL and LP explored the applications and implications of the conne... | BCA | BCA | ACB | BCA | Selection 2 |
Advanced electronic-structure methods
DFT simulations of periodic solids can be conveniently (but definitely not necessarily) performed by adopting a plane-wave basis set, in conjunction with smooth pseudopotentials that reproduce the interaction between valence electrons and nuclei plus core electrons [269]. <|Maske... | **A**: In this context, WFs provide a robust way to bridge DFT with advanced electronic-structure methods by allowing to systematically construct orthogonal localized states that represent the manifold of interest: WFs are first constructed on the KS DFT solution and then fed into beyond-DFT methods; a technical overvi... | CBA | BCA | CBA | CBA | Selection 1 |
<|MaskedSetence|> We are grateful to Rupert L. Frank for helpful suggestions, leading to our consideration of Lorentz norms in Theorem 2. We also thank Hajer Bahouri, Morris Brooks, Albert Cohen, Patrick Gérard, Kihyun Kim, Mathieu Lewin, Hoai-Minh Nguyen, Julien Sabin, Nikita Simonov, Thomas Sørensen, Jakob Stern, Ha... | **A**: CD also acknowledges the support from the Jean-Paul Gimon Fund and from the Erasmus+ programme.
.
**B**: 426365943.
**C**:
Part of the work has been done when CD was a visiting reseacher at the Institut des Hautes Études and she would like to thank Laure Saint-Raymond for her support and hospitality.
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Figure 1: (a) Intracavity structure consisting of GaAs emitter and absorber layers, AlGaAs claddings, and outer mirrors consisting of Ag. For the results shown in Fig. <|MaskedSetence|> The centre points of the emitter and absorber layers are located halfway between the mirrors closest to them and the center point of... | **A**: The optical power emitted by a similarly thick GaAs layer in the reference structure of Fig.
**B**: 4(b), there is also a 50 nm thick vacuum nanogap in the middle of the structure.
**C**: 12, the emitted and absorbed optical powers depend on the cavity length.
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<|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> These isospectral problems in bounded domains are closely linked to inverse problems in open space [6], forming a rich area of research in the past. Furthermore, there has been a recent interest in the study of isospectral or quasi-isospectral potentials inspired by supersymmetric ... | **A**:
The history of isospectral problems can be traced back to the question famously posed by Mark Kac regarding whether one can hear the shape of a drum [4].
**B**: The investigation of isospectral drums, where the Laplacian operator within closed domains with Dirichlet boundary conditions yields identical spectr... | ABC | ABC | ABC | CAB | Selection 2 |
Acknowledgements
R. G, M. K., V. J, G. V. <|MaskedSetence|> W, C. <|MaskedSetence|> D. H. B, A. P. and P. R. acknowledge the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the THz-MUFINS project (Grant No. ANR-21-CE42-0030). We wish to warmly thank Frédéric Picca (SOLEIL Synchrotron) for adapting BINoculars to the an... | **A**: We acknowledge SOLEIL for provision of synchrotron radiation at CRISTAL beamline (proposal number 99190273).
**B**: P., B.
**C**: M.
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<|MaskedSetence|> The underlying Penrose QCs are marked by black solid and dashed lines as with the main text. <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> We note an interesting even-odd effect tied to the configurations: The central decagon in the odd-generations is surrounded by 5 squares and 5 hexagons, while the central... | **A**: The tri-coordinated quasicrystal can be viewed as the dual lattice of a triangulated Penrose quasicrystal of the same generation.
**B**:
Figure 6: Construction of our tri-coordinated quasicrystal starting from (a) generation #1#1\#1# 1 up to (c) generation #3#3\#3# 3.
**C**:
In Fig. 6(a)-(c), we present ... | BAC | BCA | BCA | BCA | Selection 2 |
In the quest to establish a ‘standard model of inflationary cosmology,’ supersymmetric hybrid inflation (SHI) [37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42] provides an elegant framework for integrating grand unified theories (GUTs) of particle physics [43]. <|MaskedSetence|> Similar models have also been investigated in [26].
This paper ... | **A**: A multifield treatment is necessary for PBH formation.
**B**: Previous studies have explored the formation of PBHs within SHI, employing R-symmetry breaking terms in the Kähler potential [44, 32].
**C**: To achieve inflationary observables consistent with observational constraints, we also consider the leading... | BAC | BAC | BAC | BAC | Selection 1 |
The preferential propagation of shear stresses can also induce failures of particle contacts. <|MaskedSetence|> Sliding failure occurs when the tangential force between two particles exceeds the maximum static friction that the contact surface can provide, resulting in relative sliding between the particles. Similarl... | **A**: We documented the occurrence of sliding and rolling failure events between particles.
**B**: In Fig. 3(d) and (e), contact pairs that undergo sliding and rolling failures are marked in yellow and green, respectively.
**C**: We found that failure events frequently occur in weak-stress particles that are in cont... | ABC | ABC | ABC | ABC | Selection 1 |
<|MaskedSetence|> First, we learn the coefficients of the number-conserving terms, i.e. the ω𝜔\omegaitalic_ω (chemical potential) and ξ𝜉\xiitalic_ξ (on-site interaction) coefficients in the second line of Eq. (15). <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> We elaborate on the details of this procedure below.
. | **A**: Next, we learn the hopping coefficients in the first line of Eq. (15), which involves a performing a basis transformation and using the reshaping technique again.
**B**: This involves ‘discrete quantum control’ −-- reshaping the Hamiltonian using random unitaries that decouple the two spatial sites by approxima... | CBA | CBA | BAC | CBA | Selection 4 |
In this study, we show that by engineering the quantum interference effect generated by intracavity squeezing and extracavity squeezing, the mechanical oscillator in the unresolved sideband condition can be effectively cooled to its quantum ground state.
Meanwhile, we detailedly analyze the advantages of this joint squ... | **A**: Finally, the content of this paper is summarized in Sec. IV..
**B**: In Sec. III, we numerically simulate the quantum noise spectrum, the effective single-photon cooling rate, as well as the minimum phonon number of the mechanical oscillator that can be achieved.
**C**: It is found that our joint squeezing sch... | CBA | BCA | CBA | CBA | Selection 1 |
Various beyond the Standard model mechanisms have been proposed in the past to explain the non-zero neutrino mass, such as the seesaw mechanism Ma (2006); Davidson et al. (2008); Ma (1998); Dienes et al. (1999); Schechter and Valle (1980); Mohapatra and Smirnov (2006); Babu and Mohapatra (1990); Malinsky et al. (2005),... | **A**: (2005); Fayet (1977); Mohapatra and Valle (1986); Barbier et al.
**B**: (2005).
**C**: The contraction of contorsion part with the tetrad fields Maluf (2013); Oliveri and Speziale (2020); Harst and Reuter (2012); Shirafuji and Nashed (1997); Nissinen and Volovik (2019) gives the antisymmetric part of the Chris... | ABC | CBA | ABC | ABC | Selection 4 |
<|MaskedSetence|> This approach balances the precision and practicality of the proposed design technique in the implementation process and simplifies hardware requirements for manufacturing. Moreover, the optimization process accelerates with a reduced number of possible values for load variables.
We repeat the desi... | **A**: The optimization of the reactive load is then executed in accordance with Section II-A.
**B**: We constrain the phase variation to a 3333-bit (a 45°45°45\degree45 ° step) quantization resolution, allowing only eight distinct phase responses to be realized.
**C**: The resulting far-field scattering pattern sho... | BCA | BCA | BCA | ACB | Selection 1 |
<|MaskedSetence|> In their work, Pederson and Burke constructed a range of electron densities and their gradients over uniform spacing between realistic limits. Relevant derivatives involved in local conditions were then computed numerically. <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> 11 additional concepts will be reveale... | **A**:
Our violation indices differ from the metric computed by Pederson and Burke for evaluating local conditions11.
**B**: While similar in spirit to the metric of Ref.
**C**: They reported the fraction of grid points where local conditions were violated, where violations were computed using predefined tolerance v... | CAB | ACB | ACB | ACB | Selection 2 |
Secondly, KN exhibit a significant dip around the time of trigger. Upon further analysis, we found that certain common transient classes also experienced a similar dip around trigger; however, unlike KN, they do not rebound back to higher anomaly scores. <|MaskedSetence|> A more detailed analysis of this phenomenon is... | **A**: While some known rare classes can be difficult to distinguish from the common classes without a significant amount of data, others can be detected surprisingly soon after trigger.
**B**: This dip is related to the inherent nature of the trigger of a light curve, which often marks the first real observation of t... | BAC | CAB | BAC | BAC | Selection 3 |
<|MaskedSetence|> In sec. <|MaskedSetence|> Sec. <|MaskedSetence|> Sec. IV discusses the obtained numerical data on quasinormal frequencies. Finally, in the Conclusion we summarize the obtained results and review open questions.
II The black hole metric and wave equations. | **A**: III is devoted to description of the WKB and time-domain integration methods used in this work.
**B**: II we summarize the main information about the theory under consideration, the black hole metric and the wave-like equations for scalar and Dirac fields.
**C**: Our work is organized as follows.
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<|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> One approach to stabilize those states with autonomous protection from bit-flips is by engineering two-photon addition and subtraction in the case of the dissipative cat. This approach offers exponential protection with increasing cat size but requires external ancillas to engineer... | **A**: Depending on the details of the encoding scheme, those qubits can exhibit either exponential protection or parity changes with single-photon loss, making them a valuable resource for implementing quantum error correction schemes [13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24].
**B**: This approach has the adva... | BAC | CAB | CAB | CAB | Selection 2 |
IV Discussion
We have investigated the relations between normal state nonreciprocal transport and the SC diode effect in proximitized nanowire systems. In both cases MCA can result in a difference in the inner and outer Fermi velocities and this is necessary to cause a finite diode effect. This difference in Fermi vel... | **A**: In contrast, the SC diode effect is substantially reduced due to the emergence of a finite Cooper pair momentum, q0subscript𝑞0q_{0}italic_q start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 0 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT, deep in the topological phase.
**B**: However, despite their similarities in the trivial phase, we find that the impact of a topol... | CAB | CAB | CAB | CAB | Selection 3 |
ENZ phenomenon. <|MaskedSetence|> Moreover, the determined carrier density agrees with the DFT results in the literature. <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> Independent confirmation was provided by transport and magneto-resistance measurements.. | **A**: Modeling the optical conductivity by a quantum-corrected Drude-Lorentz model, we can determine various
quantities, including the diffusion coefficient and the superconducting coherence length in agreement with the transport
measurements.
**B**: Additionally, we compare this model to commonly used models of
the ... | ABC | ABC | CAB | ABC | Selection 2 |
qq¯QQ¯𝑞¯𝑞𝑄¯𝑄q\overline{q}Q\overline{Q}italic_q over¯ start_ARG italic_q end_ARG italic_Q over¯ start_ARG italic_Q end_ARG where q𝑞qitalic_q or q¯¯𝑞\overline{q}over¯ start_ARG italic_q end_ARG can be u𝑢uitalic_u, d𝑑ditalic_d, or s𝑠sitalic_s
quarks. The heavy quark, Q𝑄Qitalic_Q, can be charm or bottom. So fa... | **A**: However, this does not mean that the antiparticle is not detected, indeed both the particle and antiparticle are reported together.
.
**B**: As previously mentioned, the first q¯q¯QQ¯𝑞¯𝑞𝑄𝑄\overline{q}\overline{q}QQover¯ start_ARG italic_q end_ARG over¯ start_ARG italic_q end_ARG italic_Q italic_Q state, ... | BCA | BCA | BCA | CBA | Selection 2 |
<|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> In Sec.III, we derive the Seebeck coefficient for the head-on collision or eB=0𝑒𝐵0eB=0italic_e italic_B = 0 case. Then, we estimate the Seebeck coefficient and induced electric field with QGP EoS. Then, we extend our study to peripheral collision in Sec.III where the initial mag... | **A**: First, we briefly derive the cooling rates for Bjorken and Gubser flow in Sec.II.
**B**: Finally, in Sec.V, we have summarized our study with a possible outlook.
**C**:
The paper is organized in the following manner.
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The observed behaviour can be ascribed to several nonlinear mechanisms. <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> Lastly, an external electric field can affect the performance of a micro-swimmer even if the latter is neutrally-charged overall, by affecting the energy dissipation and thus the local detailed-balance in indiv... | **A**: In the particular case of force-free micro-swimmers, these are subtle but important effects that are lost in models where the swimming is considered to come simply from an “active force”.
**B**: In the case of the rotors, an external mechanical torque can effectively increase (or decrease) the driving force of ... | CBA | CBA | CBA | BAC | Selection 3 |
In practice, we run 1024 Markov chains in parallel, so that we have a batch size of 1024 in the estimation of energy and gradients. <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> We thermalize the samples with 2000 MALA steps before the optimization starts. <|MaskedSetence|> We find no difference for the two in liquid phase. ... | **A**: We also clip the individual components of the gradient to have a absolute value smaller than one, to stabilize the acceptance rate in the sampling process.
In both liquid and crystal phases, the initial electron configurations are chosen to be close to the positions of Wigner crystals with a small Gaussian pertu... | CAB | BAC | CAB | CAB | Selection 1 |
<|MaskedSetence|> We combine polarization rotations and polarization-dependent modulations to realize the non-Abelian nature of the lattice gauge fields. Our system realizes a two-dimensional Yang–Mills Hamiltonian. Within this model, the non-Abelian lattice gauge fields exhibit two unique signatures that we observe e... | **A**: We experimentally observe non-Abelian lattice gauge fields for photons using synthetic frequency dimensions created in a photonic resonator system.
**B**: We emphasize that the method we developed in this paper allows us to perform the first fully tomographic reconstruction of eigenstates in a synthetic frequen... | ABC | ACB | ABC | ABC | Selection 4 |
This approach has been well-studied in the context of Einstein’s theory of General Relativity (GR), where it has been shown that reflection symmetric boundary conditions between neighbouring regions of post-Newtonian expanded space-time give dust-dominated FLRW behaviour at leading-order [4], and radiation-like terms a... | **A**: We show that in this case the Friedmann solutions of the theory are precisely recovered.
.
**B**: In Section 3 we then introduce the post-Newtonian expansions, and the way that we will build cosmological models by applying them.
**C**: This includes, in particular, a discussion of the conditions on the geometr... | BCA | CBA | BCA | BCA | Selection 3 |
We use the following equilibrium bond lengths (in Å): BeH: 1.342 [64], MgH: 1.7297 [64], CaH: 2.0025 [64], SrH: 2.1461 [64], BaH: 2.2319 [64], and RaH: 2.43 [65]. <|MaskedSetence|> [64, 65] had in turn taken the bond lengths from either experiment or high quality computations available in literature. The one- and two... | **A**: Based on our comparisons with the CASCI values, we also see that this approximation still yields good results for the small problem instances that we have considered (18-qubit active space for simulations, and 6- and 12-qubit calculations on quantum hardware).
**B**: Refs.
**C**: The Trotter step is set to one... | BCA | CAB | BCA | BCA | Selection 4 |
It is worth noting that the boundary terms encoding the non-unitary contributions to the time evolution of the reduced state are similar to the free boundary conditions considered, e.g., in [24, 25, 26, 29]. More specifically, the dissipation and noise kernels in the non-interacting model are both given by a double nor... | **A**: More precisely, these boundary conditions are induced by the dissipation and noise kernels previously shown to be entirely supported on the boundary.
**B**: Structurally, this equation is just the usual Klein-Gordon equation but with stochastic spatial boundary conditions.
**C**: We argue that this partial dif... | BCA | BAC | BAC | BAC | Selection 4 |
In the undisturbed state of the helical Luttinger liquid, both the charge and the x component of correlations exhibit similar behavior. This similarity arises from the coupling between the charge’s momentum and the x component of spin within the helical regime. However, a different scenario reveals for the y and z comp... | **A**: For the exponential terms, we apply the logarithmic correction Giamarchi ; Giamarchi-schulz , while for the others, we employ the perturbative expansion method directly Citro-Giamarchi .
.
**B**: First, we find corrections to the spin and charge correlation functions in the strong gap regime and then we calcula... | BCA | BCA | BCA | BAC | Selection 1 |
<|MaskedSetence|> To explore the intricate relationship between the individual rationality and the group profit, researchers have identified specific mechanisms that promote cooperation through the evolutionary game theory [13].
Early studies classified these mechanisms into five main categories, that is, the kin se... | **A**: As early as 2007, Szolnoki introduced the concept of heterogeneity, and since then, more and more researchers have employed various methods to incorporate heterogeneity and explore its effects.
**B**: Although the cooperation is generally considered difficult to maintain, it is commonly observed in reality.
**... | BCA | BCA | BAC | BCA | Selection 2 |
From the SdH oscillations and measured electron density we were in a position to determine the filling factors ν𝜈\nuitalic_ν. We observe that the final minimum in the SdH data (Fig.1e orange), where the Fermi level is in a localised state, corresponds to all electrons in the first Landau level (ν=2𝜈2\nu=2italic_ν =... | **A**: The last minimum in the SdH data shows a stronger coincidence with the minima in the pumped data if the RF gate when measuring the SdH was switched on.
**B**: We focus on the region of the resonance peak at B values of 6.06.06.06.0 T, 6.66.66.66.6 T, 7.37.37.37.3 T, 8.28.28.28.2 T and 9.09.09.09.0 T.
.
**C**: ... | CAB | CAB | CAB | ACB | Selection 2 |
<|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> Second, the use of adaptive mesh refinement proved to be essential in efficiently resolving the interface while maintaining computational efficiency. Our scalable octree-based adaptive mesh approach enabled precise simulation of complex physical phenomena in 3D b... | **A**: This finding is particularly important for accurately capturing the oscillation dynamics of the droplets.
**B**: First, we quantified the impact of mesh resolution on energy stability and mass conservation, and our results show that higher interfacial mesh resolution is crucial for maintaining energy stability ... | CAB | CBA | CBA | CBA | Selection 2 |
<|MaskedSetence|> Tat is, u≡0𝑢0\displaystyle u\equiv 0italic_u ≡ 0 in ℝN∖Ω.superscriptℝ𝑁Ω\displaystyle\mathbb{R}^{N}\setminus\Omega.blackboard_R start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT italic_N end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ∖ roman_Ω . <|MaskedSetence|> The authors of this paper studied (1.5) in the recent work [6], where an advection term is... | **A**: The work [8] considers a purely nonlocal diffusion and provides existence results for the problem with nonlocal Neumann conditions.
**B**: has been extensively studied when q≡0𝑞0\displaystyle q\equiv 0italic_q ≡ 0 and the boundary condition is of Dirichlet type.
**C**: Existence and regularity of solutions fo... | BCA | CBA | BCA | BCA | Selection 1 |
<|MaskedSetence|> Additionally, the drag exhibits signatures of the nonlinear Hall effect—specifically, a component of the drag current perpendicular to the transferred quasi-momentum. As it was shown in Refs. [29, 30], the nonlinear Hall effect serves as a probe of the Berry curvature dipole of the medium. This obser... | **A**: We believe that the Coulomb drag by moving polar crystalline layer can be used as a probe of excitations by umklapp and inter-valley scattering in layered materials beyond graphene.
The predicted effect can be experimentally detected through the induction of drag current or drag voltage in graphene planes, as ... | ACB | ACB | BCA | ACB | Selection 4 |
We are interested in studying the stability of thin-shell wormholes in Harada gravity theory for the following two main reasons. The first one is that finding a stable soltuion to traversable wormholes in conformal Killing gravity is a prominent result because such solution is not allowed by the null energy condition ... | **A**: We utilize these components to obtain the stress and pressure then comment on the violation of energy conditions because of the exotic matter at the wormhole throat.
**B**: [56] the does not demand the support of exotic matter or dark energy to stabilize the wormholes; and this stimulates considering the thin-s... | BCA | ACB | BCA | BCA | Selection 3 |
To be more precise, once a noncommutative Minkowski spacetime is constructed, this noncommutativity is commonly interpreted as an algebraic means of introducing a certain fuzziness generated by quantum gravity effects (for a recent review, see [24]). <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> However, thi... | **A**: Similarly, for massive particles, their spacetime fuzziness should remain within their respective timelike or spacelike regions.
**B**: If, for instance, massless particles are considered, causality preservation requires that the induced fuzziness remains strictly confined to the lightcone.
**C**: The spacetim... | CBA | CBA | BCA | CBA | Selection 1 |
<|MaskedSetence|> For instance, in chemical reaction networks, enzymes can regulate chemical reactions which can be represented as hyperedges [30, 37] including the set of their reactants. In this work, we propose higher-order triadic percolation (HOTP) and its variations showing the important effects arising when tri... | **A**: Triadic interactions can be generalized to hypergraphs, where one or more nodes can regulate the presence of a hyperedge or its strength.
**B**: In the last decades important progress in network theory has demonstrated that more general percolation problems, including k-core percolation [43], and interdependent... | ACB | ACB | ACB | ACB | Selection 2 |
The parameterized KRZ BH, characterized by six deformation parameters, provides a unique environment for studying the effects of magnetization on energy extraction processes Zhang:2024rvk . <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> Investigating these dynamics helps elucidate magnetic fields’ role in B... | **A**: In the presence of an external magnetic field, the dynamics of charged particles around such a BH become increasingly complex.
**B**: These particles can experience significant accelerations and energy gains, leading to potential high-energy phenomena observable from Earth Ruffini:1975ne ; 1986bhmp.book…..T .
... | BAC | CAB | CAB | CAB | Selection 4 |
An essential task in mechanical sensing is to accurately determine both the mechanical response and mechanical noise, the former bridging the measured motion to the driving phenomenon of interest, while the latter setting the sensitivity of the measurement [6]. <|MaskedSetence|> In this context, the impact of absorp... | **A**: While providing a successful, qualitative description of the dynamics associated with thermal gradients, this approach often relies on coarse-grained descriptions of the thermal-to-motion conversion mechanisms [13, 14, 15].
**B**: More specific models have been introduced [16, 17], but are based on numerical si... | CAB | CAB | ACB | CAB | Selection 2 |
<|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> The resonant interactions responsible for particle energisation have been the subject of detailed studies in recent years (e.g. <|MaskedSetence|> Instead, we adopt a fluid approach using 𝐣⋅𝐄′⋅𝐣superscript𝐄′\mathbf{j}\cdot\mathbf{E}^{\prime}bold_j ⋅ bold_E start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT... | **A**: Howes et al., 2017; Klein et al., 2017; Chen et al., 2019; Verniero et al., 2021; Afshari et al., 2021; Jiang et al., 2024), however they are difficult to investigate statistically because of their purely kinetic nature and how complex it is to look at individual features in the VDF.
**B**: However, this is sti... | CBA | CBA | CBA | ABC | Selection 3 |
<|MaskedSetence|> Spectral subspace clustering methods usually perform two steps. <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> Many different spectral algorithms like sparse subspace clustering (SSC) (Elhamifar and Vidal, 2013) or Low-Rank Representation (LRR) (Liu et al., 2012) have been proposed, for an overview see (Vidal... | **A**: First, a subspace representation of the original data is learned and used to construct an affinity matrix.
**B**:
The advantages of spectral subspace clustering methods include a relatively simple implementation and robustness regarding data corruption and initialization (Qu et al., 2023).
**C**: Then spectra... | BAC | BAC | BAC | CAB | Selection 3 |
<|MaskedSetence|> This is achieved for the first time through the synergy of the PAW method’s ability to transform the underlying all-electron DFT problem into a form that involves smoother electronic fields and the potential of systematically convergent higher-order finite-element basis to achieve significant computa... | **A**: Furthermore, the proposed work demonstrates a substantial computational advantage over the current state-of-the-art plane-wave-based PAW implementations for medium to large-scale material systems, thereby pushing the boundaries of length-scales that can be realised from ab initio calculations than possible today... | BAC | BAC | CBA | BAC | Selection 2 |
In our numerical calculations, we consider the trivial irreducible representation as the intra-orbital pairing channel, i.e., Δαβ∝δαβproportional-tosubscriptΔ𝛼𝛽subscript𝛿𝛼𝛽\Delta_{\alpha\beta}\propto\delta_{{\alpha\beta}}roman_Δ start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_α italic_β end_POSTSUBSCRIPT ∝ italic_δ start_POSTSUBSC... | **A**: But near the critical temperature, we find ΔA=ΔBsubscriptΔ𝐴subscriptΔ𝐵\Delta_{A}=\Delta_{B}roman_Δ start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_A end_POSTSUBSCRIPT = roman_Δ start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_B end_POSTSUBSCRIPT, which satisfies the uniform pairing condition.
**B**: We note that in the previous section, the band-proje... | BCA | BCA | BCA | CAB | Selection 2 |
The gravitational collapse might lead to naked singularity formations Joshi (1997, 2012, 2014); Dey et al. (2019). This phenomenon has been investigated in many works Vaidya (1951); Penrose (1965); Hawking and Penrose (1970); Vertogradov (2018); Shaikh and Joshi (2019); Firouzjaee (2023); Vertogradov (2022); Heydarzade... | **A**: (2024).
**B**: III.
**C**: VI discusses the implications of the obtained results and outlines future research directions.
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<|MaskedSetence|> We introduce a minimal spinful effective model and the quantities required to assess PMMs in Sec. II. <|MaskedSetence|> In Sec. IV, we discuss if these sweet spots can be reached in more microscopic models. We discuss if PMMs still exist in systems that have nonzero Coulomb interaction and how these... | **A**:
The rest of this paper is structured as follows.
**B**: In Sec. III, we derive a condition for sweet spots in the absence of Coulomb interaction.
**C**: We give further information on the analytical and numerical calculations in the Appendix.
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<|MaskedSetence|> (1) Laser-Compton interaction chamber where laser pulses scatter off of counter-propagating electron bunches to produce a pulsed, laser-Compton x-ray beam. (2) X-ray output window where x rays exit vacuum and begin propagating through air. <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> (5) The Laser-Compton x... | **A**:
Figure 8: Laser-Compton x-ray imaging setup at Lumitron Technologies, Inc.
**B**: (3) Object to be imaged is placed on a translation stage system to align with the x-ray beam.
**C**: (4) Radiation shielding is used to house the accelerator and beam dump in the bunker enclosure in addition to a Pb-lined beam ... | ABC | ABC | ACB | ABC | Selection 2 |
However, similar RS state has been elusive in the higher dimensions for decades as SDRG breaks down[4, 5]. <|MaskedSetence|> Furthermore, numerical simulations of spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnets on a square lattice with random exchange or random site dilution reveal the AF order vanishes only in the limit of inf... | **A**: proposed that a network of spinons, emerging as topological defects between domain walls, could arise from a background of valence-bond solid (VBS) upon the introduction of randomness to the clean system.
**B**: In Ref. [16], Kimchi et al.
**C**: In various 2D disordered systems, numerical renormalization grou... | CBA | CBA | CBA | ABC | Selection 2 |
<|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> Ultimately, the Liouville–von Neumann equation seems to be rarely considered outside the finite-dimensional realm. Most surprisingly, the very characterization of the domain of the Liouville superoperator in terms of the domain of the corresponding Hamiltonian do... | **A**: Textbooks on the mathematical methods of quantum mechanics, while extensively covering the role of infinite-dimensional spaces and unbounded operators in quantum mechanics, mostly focus on the evolution of pure states.
**B**: Addressing these mathematical questions is of fundamental importance whenever describi... | BCA | BCA | BCA | ACB | Selection 2 |
2.1 The Siena Galaxy Atlas
The Siena Galaxy Atlas (Moustakas et al., 2023) is a multi-wavelength catalog of photometric properties for 383,620 nearby galaxies, based on data from the DESI Legacy Imaging Survey (Dey et al., 2019, DESI-LS). DESI-LS observed ∼14,000similar-toabsent14000\sim 14,000∼ 14 , 000 square degr... | **A**: The South component was observed using the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) at CTIO, as the DECam Legacy Survey (DECaLS).
**B**: The North component was observed by the Beijing-Arizona Sky Survey (BASS) and the Mayall z-band Legacy Survey (MzLS).
**C**: The North and South catalogs have a broad region of overlap..
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<|MaskedSetence|> These are also the only two points mapped to N∗subscript𝑁N_{*}italic_N start_POSTSUBSCRIPT ∗ end_POSTSUBSCRIPT.
The image of the mapping (3.27) is an irreducible subset of the curve at infinity. If the curve at infinity were reducible, then any of its irreducible components would have degree less th... | **A**: (3.27)
which is easily seen to be injective when restricted to ℂ∗superscriptℂ\mathbb{C}^{*}blackboard_C start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ∗ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT; only the pair of points f=0𝑓0f=0italic_f = 0 and f=∞𝑓f=\inftyitalic_f = ∞ have the same image, namely the singularity N∗subscript𝑁N_{*}italic_N start_POSTSUBSC... | ACB | ACB | ACB | ACB | Selection 3 |
In summary, we have grown single crystals of 2H-Co1/4TaSe2 and characterized the physical and magnetic properties of this novel intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide. <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> This is best explained via an interplay between cobalt’s 3d𝑑ditalic_d orbitals and the itinerant electrons ... | **A**: Our measurements and analysis reveal the antiferromagnetic nature of Co1/4TaSe2 with collinear A𝐴Aitalic_A-type antiferromagnetic order along the c𝑐citalic_c-axis.
**B**: We observe that there is a significant deficit of magnetic moment and entropy of the localized Co 3d𝑑ditalic_d orbitals.
**C**: The nucle... | ABC | ABC | ABC | BCA | Selection 2 |
<|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> In Table 4, we present our results for the sensitivities of detecting NP with muons in the final state. This sensitivity is influenced by the left- and right-handed vector couplings. <|MaskedSetence|> Here, we only include those cases where the sensitivity exceeds 0.1σ0.1𝜎0.1\,\... | **A**: As can be seen in Fig. 3, the NP contribution is negligible for the electron neutrino.
**B**:
The resulting event distributions for the electron and muon neutrinos are presented in Fig. 3.
**C**: These results are based on the central values of NP couplings listed in Table 3.
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<|MaskedSetence|> Here, we calculate this equation of state using the density-temperature relationship determined from a one-zone model. This equation of state could also in principle be determined by timescale arguments (e.g. Chang et al. 2019; Bramante
et al. 2024b), or from the density temperature-relationship in m... | **A**: (2024) for more detailed discussion.
**B**:
Our model requires an effective equation of state as an input.
**C**: The temperature evolution of a uniform density parcel of gas (say, in the core of a gas cloud) is given as
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<|MaskedSetence|> This reduction depends on a scaling function, which plays a role similar to equivariant momentum maps in symplectic reduction. A key feature of their approach is its flexibility, allowing for various choices of scaling functions to obtain the reduced equations. In systems on cotangent bundles with a ... | **A**: Scaling symmetries are ubiquitous in physical problems, appearing in fields such as fluid dynamics, field theory, and classical mechanics.
Despite the extensive body of work on this topic, the treatment of scaling symmetries and their corresponding reduction in classical mechanics has historically been approache... | ACB | ACB | ACB | BAC | Selection 3 |
Although originally obtained as solutions to Einstein’s theory, various type N Kundt spacetimes were soon recognized to be also relevant to any D𝐷Ditalic_D-dimensional theory which relies on a Lorenztian metric to describe gravity [15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20], also in the presence of certain modified electrodynamics [16... | **A**: Furthermore, the past decade has seen a renewed interest in such spacetimes also in the context of the classical Kerr-Schild [30, 31, 32, 33, 34] (cf.
**B**: Similarly, all Kundt spacetimes of (Weyl and traceless-Ricci) type N can additionally accommodate null p𝑝pitalic_p-form fields which are immune to higher... | BAC | BAC | ABC | BAC | Selection 4 |
In this work, we study the relation between topological invariants, edge states, and odd-frequency pairing in a model for a 2D superconductor with randomly distributed magnetic impurities. Besides being naturally present in superconducting monolayers Ménard et al. (2019), the disorder can be introduced by substitution ... | **A**: (2022); Canabarro et al.
**B**: (2020); Molignini et al.
**C**: Here we train ML models to predict the Bott index from the LDOS calculated numerically for our model.
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<|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> We can recall that a quasi-universal behavior can be realized only on the strange metallic manifold at least in the simple semi-holographic theory studied here, and therefore an approximate homogenization is likely to be achieved by dynamically realizing the fine tuning necessary t... | **A**: The homogenization of the self-energy contributions of the throats implies that the electronic subsystem will be driven dynamically towards the strange metallic submanifold where the self-energy becomes independent of the model parameters to a very good approximation (note the self-energy function itself should ... | CAB | CBA | CAB | CAB | Selection 3 |
2.3.1 Monte Carlo Phantom Studies
To demonstrate the versatility of the proposed method, application of the 2DG, 2D-MC, and 1DR-MC models were evaluated for reconstruction of MC simulated 177Lu, 131I, and 225Ac projection data. Each case consisted a cylindrical phantom with spheres of diameter 606060~{}60mm, 282828~{}... | **A**: Calibration factors were used to convert images to units of MBq/mL, and were obtained via corresponding point source simulations with the same detector configuration.
**B**: The SIMIND detector and collimator parameters were identical to the point source simulations, but data were now collected at a matrix size... | BCA | BCA | BAC | BCA | Selection 2 |
All tracks of secondary particles involved in neutron production are recorded to correct the number of measured cosmogenic neutrons in the LS. <|MaskedSetence|> Three physics lists in Geant4 (version 10.06.p03) are employed to address this process: QGSP-BIC-HP, QGSP-BERT-HP, and FTFP-BERT-HP. <|MaskedSetence|> The ph... | **A**: The Quark-Gluon String model (QGS) and the FRITIOF String model (FTF) are used for hadronic interactions at high energies (>10absent10>10> 10 GeV), while the Binary Cascade model (BIC) and the Bertini Cascade model (BERT) are applied for hadronic interactions at lower energies (between 70 MeV and 9.9 GeV).
**B*... | CAB | CAB | CBA | CAB | Selection 1 |
The circuit is fabricated on a 7×7777\times 77 × 7 mm2 high-resistivity silicon substrate of 380380380380 µm thickness. The qubits are made of a 100100100100 nm-thick Nb layer with Al/AlOx/Al Dolan-bridge Josephson Junctions [34]. The two qubits are grounded transmons shunted with an ”x”-shaped capacitance (Xmon [35]) ... | **A**: The design was developed using IBM’s Qiskit Metal toolkit [36] for qubit circuit prototyping and simulated with various finite-element solvers such as Ansys High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS), Ansys Q3D, and Elmer FEM Solver111Certain equipment, instruments, software, or materials, commercial or non-comme... | CAB | ACB | ACB | ACB | Selection 4 |
Low temperature effects on the charge carrier transport in silicon nanowires also opens up new horizons in understandings and possible low-temperature (cryogenic) applications e.g., CMOS-compatible cryogenic sensors, switches, and deep-space electronics Jones et al. (2020); Rohrbacher et al. (2023).
For the latter, th... | **A**: Different electronic applications of SiNWs are also rising Arjmand et al.
**B**: (2022); Schmidt et al.
**C**: (2008).
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Unfortunately, the highly nonlinear equations of relativistic elasticity are quite difficult to handle, which limits their usefulness in providing simple motions of extended objects. Some simplification is achieved by considering one-dimensional elastic objects; this approach was taken in [39], where the motion of ro... | **A**: We find that the theory becomes considerably more intricate than that of elastic strings, reflecting the fact that the geometry of a surface is much richer than that of a curve.
**B**: This includes not only aspects similar to (albeit more complex than) those discussed for elastic strings in [39], such as the v... | ABC | ACB | ABC | ABC | Selection 3 |
HSBC: The authors declare no conflict of interest. <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> Neither HSBC Bank Plc. <|MaskedSetence|> This document is not intended as investment research or investment advice; or a recommendation, offer, or solicitation for the purchase or sale of any security, financial instrument, financ... | **A**: This paper was prepared for informative purposes and is not a product of HSBC Bank Plc.
**B**: or its affiliates.
**C**: nor any of its affiliates make any explicit or implied representation or warranty, and none of them accept any liability in connection with this paper, including, but limited to, the complet... | ABC | CBA | ABC | ABC | Selection 3 |
To achive our purpose, we utilize the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximation on the covariant Maxwell’s equations. This technique was initially introduced by Frolov et al. [35, 36] and further refined by Yoo [37] and Dolan et al. [38, 39]. <|MaskedSetence|> [40, 41, 42, 43]. Furthermore, this approximation has... | **A**: In Section III, we investigate the ray trajectory of vortex light propagating through a specific optical waveguide.
**B**: This approach effectively describes vortex light propagation in optical media.
**C**: Applying the WKB approximation has allowed for the investigation of the SHE of light in curved spaceti... | CBA | CBA | ACB | CBA | Selection 2 |
QMC algorithms are routinely used to study a diverse array of physical systems, ranging from quantum chemistry and condensed matter Ceperley (1996); Kolorenč and Mitas (2011) to cold atoms Giorgini et al. <|MaskedSetence|> (2011) and nuclear physics Gezerlis and Carlson (2010); Carlson et al. (2015); Lynn et al. (2016... | **A**: (2003); Gezerlis and Carlson (2008); Gandolfi et al.
**B**: (2008); Gandolfi et al.
**C**: (2023, 2024); Tews et al.
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In this work, we examine the possibility of probing visible neutrino decay using the detection of the DSNB in the next-generation neutrino observatories Hyper-Kamiokande, JUNO, and DUNE. <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> We present sensitivity forecasts with two sets of assumptions: a conservative case, where we as... | **A**: If the neutrino mass ordering is normal (NO) and the lightest mass state is approximately zero, neutrino decay marginally affects the DSNB flux, even in scenarios where all heavy mass states decay.
**B**: We forecast our sensitivity to the parameter space of visible neutrino decay, keeping our assumptions as mo... | BCA | BCA | CBA | BCA | Selection 1 |
Furthermore, when the LPP CG action is evaluated in Einstein-AdS spacetimes, it becomes finite as it reduces to the renormalized Einstein-AdS action Anastasiou:2020mik . This procedure for renormalizing Einstein-AdS gravity by embedding it into CG was dubbed Conformal Renormalization.
In the computation of holographi... | **A**: This functional was explicitly used to derive not only the renormalized holographic EE of Einstein-AdS, but also the so-called “reduced Hawking mass” and Willmore energy functionals which, in other contexts, are related to interesting quantities such as the entanglement susceptibility and to global bounds on inf... | CBA | CBA | CBA | ACB | Selection 3 |
Figure 2 displays the VAMP-2 scores for VAMPNets trained with different training dataset sizes, varying from 5% to 50% of the available data.
For chignolin, the GNNs clearly outperform a multilayer perceptron (MLP) that takes distances between pairs of Cα atoms as inputs; there is not a significant difference betwee... | **A**: The distance-based MLP and GNN with SubMixer perform comparably, presumably because the distances between pairs of Cα atoms are sufficient to describe the folding (in contrast to chignolin, as we discuss below).
**B**: For villin, we combined SubMixer and SubFormer with GVP and augmented them with a global toke... | CAB | CAB | CAB | ACB | Selection 3 |
<|MaskedSetence|> (2020), GPyTorch Gardner et al. (2018), PyMC Abril-Pla1 et al. (2023),
scikit-learn Pedregosa et al. (2011) and GaPP Seikel et al. (2012). <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> | **A**: GPflow van der Wilk et al.
**B**: To further simplify, the construction
of a GPR model consists of 3 steps: 1) specify the prior distribution via the kernel, 2).
**C**: The latter two are
the ones used during the course of this example and the complete step-by-step procedure can
be found at the public reposito... | ACB | ACB | ACB | BAC | Selection 1 |
3.4 Feedback Implementation in IllustrisTNG
The CAMELS-IllustrisTNG suite employs the galaxy formation model of the IllustrisTNG simulations, described in Weinberger et al. (2017); Pillepich et al. <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> (2014)). <|MaskedSetence|> | **A**: (2018a) which builds upon its predecessor Illustris (described in Vogelsberger et al.
**B**: (2013) and Torrey et al.
**C**: In this section, we will give a brief overview of stellar and AGN feedback implementations in IllustrisTNG to provide context and a physical understanding of our results.
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(a) Without window architecture, correlated decoding is invoked after each mid-circuit measurement.
(b) In sliding window architecture, correlated decoding processes syndrome data within each fixed-size window, using delayed fixup circuits to defer the decision for feedback.
By dividing syndrome data into temporal sl... | **A**: Spatial window decoding reduces the size of windows and harnesses parallelism to accelerate the decoding, thereby broadens the range of applications for window-based correlated decoding..
**B**: While dividing into spatial windows is not always feasible for circuits with general structures, it is particularly w... | CBA | CBA | BAC | CBA | Selection 2 |
<|MaskedSetence|> We use a fractional derivative approach to represent disease propagation within a population. We have shown that a rise in the rate of disease transmission leads to an increase in the illness burden and the load placed on hospitals. Consequently, more individuals will be involved in the decision-maki... | **A**: (2023 [59]) presume that susceptible individuals are the players who can choose to adhere to Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs), our model assumes that exposed individuals are the players in the game.
**B**: Consequently, the availability of hospital beds drives behavioural choices in our model, unlike in ... | CAB | ABC | CAB | CAB | Selection 4 |
We supplement our CRIRES+ observations of the dayside atmosphere of WASP-121b with the ESPRESSO data from Hoeijmakers et al. <|MaskedSetence|> ESPRESSO (Pepe et al., 2021) is a high-resolution optical spectrograph covering the 0.38–0.78 μ𝜇\muitalic_μm wavelength range at a resolution of R∼similar-to𝑅absentR\simital... | **A**: (2024).
**B**: Combining CRIRES+ with ESPRESSO thus permits us to probe both volatile and refractory species and constrain the relative proportion of ices and rocks in the atmosphere of WASP-121b..
**C**: The ESPRESSO observation of WASP-121b consist of eight epochs, each of a 3–4 h duration, evenly split targ... | ACB | ACB | ACB | ACB | Selection 1 |
<|MaskedSetence|> No.: 201610122060). <|MaskedSetence|> This work of SM and KB is supported by the JSPS KAKENHI Grant (Number: 24KF0100). <|MaskedSetence|> The work of KB is supported by the JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP21K03547.
Appendix. | **A**: SM acknowledges the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) for providing a postdoctoral fellowship.
**B**:
GNG acknowledges University Grants Commission (UGC), New Delhi, India for awarding a Senior Research Fellowship (UGC-Ref.
**C**: PKS acknowledges Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF)... | BAC | ACB | BAC | BAC | Selection 1 |
<|MaskedSetence|> The general trend observed is that the Einstein radius monotonically increases as a function of the associated masses of the dark matter halos. <|MaskedSetence|> Here, f4, f5, and f6 models exhibits the highest angular Einstein radius compared to that obtained from GR, respectively. <|MaskedSetence... | **A**: This suggests that gravitational lensing effects may be more pronounced in the context of modified gravity models, potentially leading to stronger magnification and image distortion compared to GR.
**B**: This is consistent with the expectation that more massive lenses will exhibit larger gravitational deflecti... | CBA | CBA | CBA | BCA | Selection 3 |
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