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<|MaskedSetence|> For instance, Seitz et al. <|MaskedSetence|> Other studies, such as those by Nakatani and Chan [55], Murg et al. [54], Szalay et al. <|MaskedSetence|> [23], explore different heuristics for tree construction, leveraging factors like entanglement or interaction strength.. | **A**: Note that the generation of the embedding tree only depends on the tensor network graph structure, rather than the actual tensor data.
The relationship between the embedding tree and the orderings of the edges is further explained in Section 4.3.
While our method introduces a novel perspective on the construct... | ABC | ABC | ABC | BCA | Selection 1 |
<|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> This results in higher frequency oscillations for perturbing fields around the black hole. Furthermore, the increase in the damping rate with Q𝑄Qitalic_Q indicates that the perturbations decay more rapidly, meaning that the charged black hole tends to settle down faster after bein... | **A**: Physically, the increase in oscillation frequency with higher Q𝑄Qitalic_Q can be understood in the context of the black hole’s enhanced electric field.
**B**: The faster decay is likely due to the increased energy stored in the electromagnetic field, which enhances the dissipation of perturbing waves.
The ph... | ACB | ACB | ACB | ABC | Selection 3 |
The number of resulting equations can be large at higher order PSA-CC and spin adaptations. This could slow down the computations. Though for a given basis set, the finite dimensional vector space for the computations from the spatial orbitals is smaller than from the spin orbitals. <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence... | **A**: For example, in the present PSA-CC, there are many contractions involving active indices
.
**B**: One may then expect a further optimized PSA-CC will be more efficient than the spin-orbital approaches.
**C**: Nevertheless, it may be necessary to advance further improvement including factorizations kucharski1... | CAB | BCA | BCA | BCA | Selection 2 |
Figure 4:
Formation of the pseudogap in the hole- and electron-doped cuprates and cluster dynamical-mean-field-theory (CDMFT) calculation for the electron-doped cuprates . a,b, Schematic band dispersions along the AFM BZ boundary [cuts #1 and #2 in panel c] for the hole-doped and electron-doped cuprates with the pseud... | **A**: IGB, coh-LHB, and coh-UHB denote the in-gap band, the coherent part of the lower Hubbard band and that of the upper Hubbard band, respectively, in the electron-fractionalization picture.
**B**: In the hole-doped (electron-doped) cuprates, the LHB (UHB) is fractionalized into the coh-LHB (coh-UHB) and the IGB.
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<|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> The advantage of the M=N−1𝑀𝑁1M=N-1italic_M = italic_N - 1 assumption is that in this case the group UM,Nsubscript𝑈𝑀𝑁U_{M,N}italic_U start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_M , italic_N end_POSTSUBSCRIPT is
trivial, so GL(M,𝐎)⋉UM,N(𝐅)GLleft-normal-factor-semidirect-product𝑀𝐎subscript𝑈... | **A**: What is done in this paper?
In this paper we deal with the case M=N−1𝑀𝑁1M=N-1italic_M = italic_N - 1 for generic q𝑞qitalic_q.
**B**: 1.3.
**C**: There we consider (among other things) the case q=1𝑞1q=1italic_q = 1.
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<|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> For the overall performance of CM2Mc-LPJmL, realistically simulated precipitation fields are therefore crucial. This motivates the work presented below, where we use a specific kind of GAN to transform the AM2 precipitation fields toward fields that are indistinguishable from ERA5 ... | **A**: As a stand-alone model LPJmL has been mainly calibrated with respect to reanalysis, and a similarly accurate precipitation output within CM2Mc-LPJmL would hence be favorable to maintain consistency and to obtain realistic surface fluxes from LPJmL.
**B**: In CM2Mc-LPJmL, the fluxes simulated by LPJmL depend, of... | BAC | CAB | BAC | BAC | Selection 1 |
For many important applications entanglement has been proven to be a powerful resource. <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> (2017, 2018); Contreras and Goyeneche (2022).
Still, the analysis of AME states is important for understanding quantum error correction and regarded as one of the central problems in the field... | **A**: An example of resourceful states are the absolutely maximally entangled (AME) states which maximized the entanglement in the bipartitions, but are notoriously difficult to characterize Scott (2004); Facchi et al.
**B**: (2022).
However, multiparticle entanglement offers a complex and rich structure resulting in... | ACB | ACB | ACB | CAB | Selection 2 |
<|MaskedSetence|> We assume, in particular, that there exist no massless extended objects interpolated by non-local operators. The notion of particles implies that the low energy effective theory flows to an infrared free fixed point at zero energy. <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> (1997b) are also commonly used ... | **A**: In this paper, by ‘confinement’ we mean a low energy effective description of the QCD-like theory, where particles (hadrons) are interpolated by color-singlet local operators.
**B**: A similar confining description is realized in supersymmetric QCD Seiberg (1994) and other supersymmetric gauge theories Csaki et... | ABC | ABC | ABC | ABC | Selection 2 |
In magnetic systems, coupling between surface acoustic waves and single magnetic skyrmion has been examined [61, 62, 63]. <|MaskedSetence|> It is theoretically suggested that longitudinal acoustic wave induces translational motion of magnetic bubbles [61]. <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> While experiments on sk... | **A**: Experimentally, however, shear-vertical component in Rayleigh waves may disturb translation of Néel-type skyrmion [62, 63].
Rather, shear-horizontal wave induces their translation [63].
**B**: Here, surface acoustic waves include Rayleigh wave (shear-vertical and longitudinal strains are excited) and Love wave ... | ACB | BAC | BAC | BAC | Selection 4 |
<|MaskedSetence|> To obtain a full description of the interaction we will suggest a new complementary equation inspired by graph theory. <|MaskedSetence|> We will show that the interaction between dark matter and dark energy
is chaotic. On the other hand, we aim to propose a new law of physics, inspired by the possib... | **A**:
Based on this new theoretical framework, we will show that interaction equations can be derived from the first law of thermodynamics.
**B**: Additionally, we will introduce and explore several new conceptual definitions.
We believe that our results might give a critical contribution not only to cosmology but ... | ACB | ACB | BAC | ACB | Selection 4 |
The additional crucial aspect of the present report is the suggested methodology. Each integrator has been implemented on top of the well-maintained open-source molecular dynamics package ESPResSo [22, 23, 24]. Each method passed automated Python tests scripted by independent researchers providing objectivity, reusab... | **A**: The code for testing is available in GitHub and referred here (see Table 1).
**B**: The results reported in the following are based on modification of some of these tests and, importantly, the same Python scripts are used to validate each integrator without ad hoc adaptation.
**C**: Hence, we hereby encourage ... | BAC | BAC | ABC | BAC | Selection 4 |
All the signal and background processes are passed through all these event selection criteria up to C4 before passing events to MVA. We create two separate signal and background classes. The combined background is the weighted combination of all the different background processes. Each signal and background class is r... | **A**: The variables with high relative importance distinguishing the signal class from the background class are preferable.
**B**: The optimized BDT hyperparameters used in our analysis are outlined in Table 6.
.
**C**: The left (signal) and right (background) tables of Figure 9 show the linear correlation coeffic... | ACB | ACB | CAB | ACB | Selection 2 |
<|MaskedSetence|> Experiments aimed at elucidating the nature of the possible triangular lattice QSL in YbZn2GaO5 are of great importance. Thus, we grew a large and high-quality single crystal of YbZn2GaO5 (see Fig. S1) using the optical floating-zone technique to facilitate such experiments. Our specific heat measure... | **A**: To that end, we present a new Yb-based compound, YbZn2GaO5, that features an ideal triangular lattice of effective spin-1/2 moments without detectable intrinsic chemical disorder.
**B**: In addition to the specific heat measurements, we conducted INS investigation on YbZn2GaO5 which reveals gapless, continuum-l... | ABC | ABC | CBA | ABC | Selection 1 |
<|MaskedSetence|> The effective action implies the existence of two distinct types of scalar KK modes that couple with the massive vector modes. <|MaskedSetence|> However, the solvable 6D branes are usually constructed within the non-conformal metrics. By comparing the EOM for the KK modes (deriving from two ways), w... | **A**:
This study begun with an examination of the methodology for deriving the effective action of a massless bulk U(1)𝑈1U(1)italic_U ( 1 ) gauge field through a general KK decomposition within branes of codimension 2.
**B**: While we have established that the effective action maintains gauge invariance in brane m... | ABC | ABC | ABC | ABC | Selection 3 |
<|MaskedSetence|> By thoroughly investigating our proposed model, we explore and identify a parameter space that can successfully account for the observed GW signals while addressing the small-scale structure problems. <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> In Section IV, we present our numerical results, showcasing th... | **A**: Section III focuses on the calculation of the FOPT and the corresponding GW signals.
**B**: This model holds promise for experimental testing in the near future.
The article is organized as follows: Section II provides an introduction to our model and explores the physics associated with SIDM.
**C**:
In thi... | ABC | CBA | CBA | CBA | Selection 3 |
To gain deeper insights into the fabricated THz emitters, we analyzed the correlation between the amplitude of the emitted THz field at 1 THz and the varying thicknesses of the CoFeB layer in stacks with specified NM layers, see Fig. <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> Specifically, the stack with a 2 nm Pt layer ... | **A**: The THz emitters composed of pure Pt layers demonstrate the highest THz amplitude among the emitters.
**B**: 3 (a) and (b).
**C**: The values of the saturated THz amplitudes and THz peak position measured for different emitters are presented in Table 1.
.
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<|MaskedSetence|> They can efficiently handle a large number of events and is unaffected by a small number of bad events if any. Furthermore, the Bayesian credible intervals have the clear and unambiguous meaning of being regions of the parameter space that contain the true value of said parameters with a certain post... | **A**:
The Bayesian methods are free of all aforementioned pathologies that plague the other methods.
**B**: On the other hand, the KDE method has less user-controlled fine-tuning than the narrow Gaussian method as it estimates its control parameter, i.e.
**C**: Hence, we claim that the Bayesian analysis implemented... | ABC | CAB | ABC | ABC | Selection 3 |
Figure S3:
Atomistic disorder in our Si/SiGe fins. (a-c) Plot of the cross section of the triangular fin including three different disorder configurations at the Si/SiGe interfaces. The blue dots depict the discrete lattice points used for the numerical diagonalization of the Hamiltonian in the main text and the red ... | **A**: This is not surprising since the electron wave function is located far away from the interface steps.
**B**: (d) Valley splitting ΔΔ\Deltaroman_Δ plotted against the Ge concentration 1−x1𝑥1-x1 - italic_x and electric field E𝐸Eitalic_E (pointing along y𝑦yitalic_y direction) in the triangular fin.
**C**: The ... | BCA | BCA | CBA | BCA | Selection 2 |
Example applications in 18F-FDG PET imaging demonstrated the capabilities of LM TOF SSS modeling and LM-TOF reconstruction using the OSEM and DIPRecon algorithms. <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> Extensive research on the validity of the DIPRecon method may seek to explore, for example, the effects of different ... | **A**: As apparent in Figure 4, reconstruction of the low count data using DIPRecon was able to reduce noise in the grey matter regions while preserving cortical structures.
**B**: Since PyTomography directly interfaces with PyTorch, the process of designing and testing neural networks and optimization procedures for ... | ACB | ACB | ABC | ACB | Selection 4 |
<|MaskedSetence|> In 2D systems, the extrinsic electric field, 𝓔𝓔\bm{\mathcal{E}}bold_caligraphic_E, can originate from external factors such as gate voltages. <|MaskedSetence|> However, local fields can arise from charged impurities and structural defects, giving rise to extrinsic RSOI, which leads to skew scatter... | **A**: (1)
where α𝛼\alphaitalic_α is a material-dependent Rashba constant.
**B**: Notably, these effects have been observed in a wide range of materials, including those of current interest, such as topological insulators and 2D materials [29, 30].
.
**C**: In contrast, in 3D metals, uniform electric fields are ty... | ACB | BAC | ACB | ACB | Selection 4 |
In a real universe, ideal Kerr black holes, Reissner-Nordstrom black holes, and Kerr-Newman black holes cannot exist because black holes cannot exist in a world without an external matter distribution.
Numerous astronomical observations have indicated the existence of an exceptionally intricate distribution of matter i... | **A**: (2011).
**B**: Of particular interest are cases involving dark matter particles and dark energy surrounding black holesBertone et al.
**C**: (2005); Bertone and Hooper (2018); Copeland et al.
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<|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> An agent may select from four possible actions, each of which is only possible if the ensuing movement does not lead outside the 3×3333\times 33 × 3 gridworld. <|MaskedSetence|> Action 0 indicates a step to the north, action 1 a step to the south, action 2 a step to the west, and ... | **A**:
Each cell of the 3×3333\times 33 × 3 gridworld can contain either agent 1, agent 2, a red or blue coin.
**B**: Empty grids need not be included in the observation, as movement can occur on them without consequence at any time.
**C**: The numerical actions range from 0 to 3.
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The disadvantages in using a coordinate based approach led to models that used the so called turn based encoding approach [6]. The turn based encoding approach maps the turns taken while moving from one molecule to the next to quantum states. This is analogous to a self avoiding walk (SAW) setup. In a 3D dimensional ... | **A**: A 3-qubit encoding will suffice to represent all the movements.
**B**: A further assumption on taking the first turn as given will result in 3(N−2)3𝑁23(N-2)3 ( italic_N - 2 ) qubit requirements.
**C**: These kind of approaches have been tried out in quantum devices using annealing technologies.
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Although the concept of the fractional derivatives and dispersion has a long history, their realization in physical systems, such as nonlinear fiber optics, is a relatively new and emerging topic. <|MaskedSetence|> The current results focus primarily on positive fractional dispersion lengths, corresponding to the “rep... | **A**: 2) The second perspective is the realization of the spatial-temporal light synthesis by incorporating both fractional dispersion and fractional diffraction.
**B**: By involving additional parameters, such as higher-order dispersion or stronger nonlinearity, even greater diversity in the pulse dynamics could be ... | CBA | CBA | BCA | CBA | Selection 2 |
It is worth mentioning that another way to present one more peak within EIT Liu2018 ; Yin2013 which is similar to our EIT. However, It is quite different from our CIT. They produce one more peak within EIT by employing symmetry-breaking of coupling between the bright mode and dark mode. Our CIT comes from the symmetry... | **A**: 2 (c).
**B**: Therefore, the bright mode can not couple to dark modes at this frequency due to the suppression of dark modes, which remains some current density and energies.
**C**: Note that Fig.
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<|MaskedSetence|> Confining or immersed boundaries introduce preferential orientations of the director field with a given strength (for instance, a tangential anchoring condition), these generally lie in competition with the preferred uniformity of the orientation field [83]. If there are multiple immersed bodies or b... | **A**: The self-assembly of colloids in LCs has seen wide use in the engineering of smart materials, with applications ranging from biosensors to dynamic porous membranes [7].
**B**: Dipolar and quadrupolar far-field interactions between colloids (depending on normal or tangential anchoring conditions) have been inves... | CBA | CBA | CBA | CBA | Selection 4 |
<|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> However, the less intuitive forms of these equations that arise from the correspondences derived above may yield important insights. For example, the perspective of the virial theorem as a special case of the equipartition theorem [34] may be fruitful in evolutionary biology [31]. ... | **A**: While the stochastic Price equation in evolution [41] and the stochastic virial theorem in astronomy [7] were discovered independently, their similarity suggests other generalizations could similarly parallel each other.
**B**:
In genetics, the natural time increment to consider is discrete (generation), wher... | BCA | BCA | BCA | CBA | Selection 2 |
<|MaskedSetence|> The resulting KS eigenstates are also not particularly localized functions, and DFT is invariant under unitary rotations of the occupied electronic states. However, several electronic-structure methods, aiming at improving or complementing the capabilities of DFT, fundamentally require to be formulat... | **A**: In this context, WFs provide a robust way to bridge DFT with advanced electronic-structure methods by allowing to systematically construct orthogonal localized states that represent the manifold of interest: WFs are first constructed on the KS DFT solution and then fed into beyond-DFT methods; a technical overvi... | CBA | CBA | ABC | CBA | Selection 2 |
Part of the work has been done when CD was a visiting reseacher at the Institut des Hautes Études and she would like to thank Laure Saint-Raymond for her support and hospitality. We are grateful to Rupert L. <|MaskedSetence|> We also thank Hajer Bahouri, Morris Brooks, Albert Cohen, Patrick Gérard, Kihyun Kim, Mathie... | **A**: CD also acknowledges the support from the Jean-Paul Gimon Fund and from the Erasmus+ programme.
.
**B**: 426365943.
**C**: Frank for helpful suggestions, leading to our consideration of Lorentz norms in Theorem 2.
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Figure 1: (a) Intracavity structure consisting of GaAs emitter and absorber layers, AlGaAs claddings, and outer mirrors consisting of Ag. For the results shown in Fig. 4(b), there is also a 50 nm thick vacuum nanogap in the middle of the structure. The centre points of the emitter and absorber layers are located halfw... | **A**: (b) Reference structure, with a GaAs emitter layer emitting light into semi-infinite AlGaAs claddings.
The dependence of the optical power on the cavity length is first illustrated in Fig.
**B**: Here, the maximum emission and absorption are reached at a total cavity length of approximately 250 nm.
**C**: It... | ABC | ABC | ABC | ABC | Selection 3 |
<|MaskedSetence|> The investigation of isospectral drums, where the Laplacian operator within closed domains with Dirichlet boundary conditions yields identical spectra for distinct regions sharing the same area, has produced significant results for specific cases and subsets of the problem [5]. These isospectral prob... | **A**: Furthermore, there has been a recent interest in the study of isospectral or quasi-isospectral potentials inspired by supersymmetric transformations as applied to electromagnetism [7].
**B**: We proceed to utilise Transformation Acoustics (TA), which has been extensively applied for manipulating wave propagatio... | CAB | CAB | CAB | BAC | Selection 3 |
Acknowledgements
R. G, M. K., V. J, G. V. M. W, C. P., B. D. H. B, A. P. and P. <|MaskedSetence|> acknowledge the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the THz-MUFINS project (Grant No. ANR-21-CE42-0030). We wish to warmly thank Frédéric Picca (SOLEIL Synchrotron) for adapting BINoculars to the analysis of di... | **A**: Lichtensteiger for help on the XRD simulation.
**B**: R.
**C**: P.
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<|MaskedSetence|> (2023); Grushin and Repellin (2023); Keskiner et al. (2023). <|MaskedSetence|> This leads generically to chiral spin liquid phases associated with a spontaneously broken time-reversal symmetry, while the spin-liquid tied to the quasicrystal in this work includes only plaquettes with an even number o... | **A**: However, unlike the example considered here, the above constructions inevitably host plaquettes with an odd number of edges.
**B**: Moreover, our quasicrystalline graph possesses a forbidden rotational symmetry, not appreciated in previous constructions, which leads to an interesting interplay of localization-d... | CAB | CAB | CAB | BCA | Selection 2 |
The paper is structured as follows: Section II provides an overview of the R-Symmetric Higgs inflation within a generic GUT model, focusing on its formulation within a no-scale-like supergravity framework. <|MaskedSetence|> <|MaskedSetence|> We highlight the parametric range where observable inflationary primordial g... | **A**: Finally, Section V presents our conclusions.
II R-Symmetric Higgs Inflation.
**B**: Section IV extends the analysis to include the multifield treatment, exploring the presence of PBHs and gravitational waves, with particular attention given to the role of the leading-order nonrenormalizable term in the super... | CBA | CAB | CBA | CBA | Selection 1 |
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