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In this paper, we presented a simple and robust algorithm for QPE using compressed sensing. For the single eigenvalue estimation (i.e., QPE), we rigorously established its Heisenberg-limit scaling in Theorem 2 and numerically demonstrated its performance compared to other state-of-the-art QPE algorithms in Sec. 4. Our ... | Compressed sensing, in essence, is similar to non-adaptive MM-QCELS. Both methods aim to fit the sampled data using a signal ansatz. However, they differ in sampling strategies and optimization objectives. In MM-QCELS, times are sampled from a continuous probability distribution, and the cost function minimizes the tot... | For a Heisenberg-limited QPE algorithm with maximal runtime Tmaxsubscript𝑇T_{\max}italic_T start_POSTSUBSCRIPT roman_max end_POSTSUBSCRIPT, if the size of the time samples needed is 𝒪(polylogTmax)𝒪polysubscript𝑇\mathcal{O}(\mathrm{poly}\log T_{\max})caligraphic_O ( roman_poly roman_log italic_T start_POSTSUBSCRI... | In discrete sampling protocols, would it be possible to shorten the maximal runtime by biased sampling of times? What is the limitation in the discrete scenario? Can we achieve a similar improvement to the Gaussian filter method in [18]? | In our numerical experiments, the test of another sampling (Algorithm 3) is actually unnecessary. Is it possible to show this analytically as well? | C |
Second, we provide a new approach to approximate a given tensor network into a binary tree structure, as depicted in Fig. 4b. | it is essential to carefully select the binary tree/MPS structures and permutations (i.e., a mapping from tensor modes onto binary tree vertices) [41]. These choices should yield accurate low-rank approximations while enabling efficient subsequent contractions. However, previous works such as [35, 61, 14] have not syst... | Illustration of the matrix product state (MPS), the (full) binary tree tensor network, and the tree tensor network state (TTNS). MPS is a maximally-unbalanced binary tree tensor network if contracting the tensor at one end with its neighbor. Both MPS and the binary tree tensor network are special cases of TTNS, where e... | The binary tree tensor network has a rooted binary tree structure, and all non-root vertices have an order of three. In a general TTNS, each tensor can have uncontracted modes, and the network has a general tree structure. | It encompasses a new heuristic for generating binary tree structures and permutations (i.e., a mapping from tensor modes onto binary tree vertices [41]) of intermediate tensor networks. | D |
Fig. 7 examines the effects of the parameter cOsubscript𝑐Oc_{\rm O}italic_c start_POSTSUBSCRIPT roman_O end_POSTSUBSCRIPT on the time-domain profiles. Here, for small values of time t𝑡titalic_t, both scalar and electromagnetic perturbations exhibit very similar profiles, with minimal differences in their oscillation ... | Finally, in Fig. 8, the time-domain profiles are plotted with varying values of the charge parameter Q𝑄Qitalic_Q. The results indicate that the black hole charge has a noticeable effect on the oscillation frequency for both scalar and electromagnetic perturbations. As Q𝑄Qitalic_Q increases, the oscillation frequencie... | The analysis of the perturbation potential provides valuable insights into the nature of the QNMs for both scalar and electromagnetic perturbations. The variations in the potential with respect to parameters such as the multipole moment l𝑙litalic_l, the model parameter α𝛼\alphaitalic_α, the coupling parameter cOsubsc... | Physically, the increase in oscillation frequency with higher Q𝑄Qitalic_Q can be understood in the context of the black hole’s enhanced electric field. As the black hole’s charge increases, the strength of its electromagnetic field grows, which leads to more tightly bound perturbations. This results in higher frequenc... | The charge parameter Q𝑄Qitalic_Q has a significant and nonlinear impact on the QNM spectrum of black holes. As shown in Figs. 13 and 14, both the oscillation frequency (real part of QNMs) and the damping rate (imaginary part of QNMs) increase as Q𝑄Qitalic_Q increases. This behavior holds true for both scalar and elec... | A |
We further notice the differences between PSA and spin-orbital CC are mainly at the CCSD levels. For example, in the OH molecule, the difference between the PSA-T[1|2]delimited-[]conditional12[1|2][ 1 | 2 ]R[1|2]delimited-[]conditional12[1|2][ 1 | 2 ]-CCSD and the spin-orbital CCSD is about 6 ×\times× 10-5 a.u., that i... | In addition, a number of potential improvement may be anticipated. The usage of permutations on the residual indices in step (vi) in Subsection II.3 is a posterior collection. It may be feasible to be performed as a prior with the step (iiid) of using linear combinations of excitation operators. That would lead to a si... | The number of resulting equations can be large at higher order PSA-CC and spin adaptations. This could slow down the computations. Though for a given basis set, the finite dimensional vector space for the computations from the spatial orbitals is smaller than from the spin orbitals. One may then expect a further optimi... | In the present work, we reported the further formulations for the linear combinations of the projection manifolds, the hash-table canonicalization algorithm, and the numerical results for the previous general-order open-shell CC method based on the PSA scheme wang2024general . The energy differences between the present... | In addition, similar to the closed-shell methodspulay1984efficient ; hampel1992comparison ; koch1990coupled ; wang2018simple , it is expected that linear combinations of the projection manifolds will reduce the number of equations and accelerate the convergence of CC calculations. Namely, the amplitude equations, Eq. (... | A |
Meanwhile, electronic Raman scattering experiment, which covers both above and below EFsubscript𝐸FE_{\rm F}italic_E start_POSTSUBSCRIPT roman_F end_POSTSUBSCRIPT, has been able to study the entire pseudogap energy region Sakai et al. (2013). Recently, resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) has been used to access ... | suggests that the Mott physics is at the origin of the pseudogap of electron-doped cuprates through the enhanced electron correlations without long-range AFM correlations, as in the case of the hole-doped cuprates Maier et al. (2002); Civelli et al. (2005); Kyung et al. (2006); Ferrero et al. (2009); Sakai et al. (2010... | Figure 1 shows the Fermi surface, band images, and their second derivatives with respect to energy of a protect-annealed PLCCO (x=0.02𝑥0.02x=0.02italic_x = 0.02) sample at 10 K. The band is gapped at EFsubscript𝐸FE_{\mathrm{F}}italic_E start_POSTSUBSCRIPT roman_F end_POSTSUBSCRIPT at the node (cut #1), and the gap be... | So far, the pseudogap of the electron-doped cuprates has been observed through the measurements of optical conductivity Onose et al. (2001); Wang et al. (2006), scanning tunneling spectroscopy Zimmers et al. (2007), and ARPES Armitage et al. (2001); Matsui et al. (2005); Park et al. (2007); Matsui et al. (2007); Richar... | ARPES studies of electron-doped cuprates have shown that a pseudogap opens at the “hot spots”, where the Fermi surface and the AFM BZ boundary cross with each other Armitage et al. (2001); Matsui et al. (2005, 2007); He et al. (2019), consistent with AFM band folding. | C |
Firstly, there has been a study on convolutional neural networks(CNN) in non-Euclidean space to effectively process data in non-Euclidean space such as social networks, medical information, brain imaging and computer graphics. | For example, training a conventional CNN after projecting the data from the sphere onto a plane fails, | In fact, if we assume that random data really evolves according to the block CA rule as an example in the previous section, | From this perspective, the function that goes from the horizon to the conformal boundary will be called the decrypting function. | After mapping information to the lattice like this example, the Z𝑍Zitalic_Z operator converts it to information in the corresponding conformal boundary. | A |
𝒫𝒫{\mathcal{P}}caligraphic_P on C(𝝁,𝝂)superscript𝐶𝝁𝝂C^{({\boldsymbol{\mu}},{\boldsymbol{\nu}})}italic_C start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ( bold_italic_μ , bold_italic_ν ) end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT by 𝒫(𝝁,𝝂)superscript𝒫𝝁𝝂{\mathcal{P}}^{({\boldsymbol{\mu}},{\boldsymbol{\nu}})}caligraphic_P start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ( bold_italic... | We consider a line bundle 𝒫𝒫{\mathcal{P}}caligraphic_P on C(𝝁,𝝂)superscript𝐶𝝁𝝂C^{({\boldsymbol{\mu}},{\boldsymbol{\nu}})}italic_C start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ( bold_italic_μ , bold_italic_ν ) end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT with fibers | }\smash{\mathcal{D}}}}over∙ start_ARG caligraphic_D end_ARG is the total space of this line bundle with zero section | }\smash{\mathcal{P}}}}over∙ start_ARG caligraphic_P end_ARG denote the total space of the line bundle 𝒫𝒫{\mathcal{P}}caligraphic_P with the zero section removed. | }\smash{\mathcal{P}}}}|_{C^{\alpha}}over∙ start_ARG caligraphic_P end_ARG | start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_C start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT italic_α end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT end_POSTSUBSCRIPT. | C |
The temporal average of the CM2Mc-LPJmL precipitation is shown in Fig. 5 together with the absolute value of the attribution map as contour lines. | The regions of highest importance are shown in red and coincide with the region in the western Pacific where the strongest biases and in particular the double-peaked ITCZ of CM2Mc-LPJmL are located (as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. S1). | When comparing the spatial precipitation fields from CM2Mc-LPJmL with the ERA5 data, large biases are evident, especially in the tropics, where a pronounced double-peaked Intertropical Convergence Zone of CM2Mc-LPJmL can be seen (Fig. 2a). | The pacific region in the tropics shows the highest annual mean precipitation, and also the highest feature importance. The same region also exhibits the largest bias of CM2Mc-LPJmL, see in Fig. 2. | (e) Precipitation rates averaged over time and longitudes and relative frequency histograms (f) are shown for ERA5 data (black), CM2Mc-LPJmL (red), GFDL-ESM4 (blue), quantile mapping (magenta) and the GAN (cyan). The GAN applied to the CM2Mc-LPJmL output corrects the double-peaked ITCZ as well as the histogram over the... | A |
Finally, the recently found AME(4,6)AME46\text{AME}(4,6)AME ( 4 , 6 ) Rather et al. (2022) is not maximally entangled | such a state is then denoted by AME(n,d)AME𝑛𝑑\text{AME}(n,d)AME ( italic_n , italic_d ). Interestingly, not for all | Similarly, there exists a general procedure to construct AME(5,d)AME5𝑑\text{AME}(5,d)AME ( 5 , italic_d ) | AME(3,d)∼∑i,j=0d−1|i⟩|j⟩|i+j⟩,similar-toAME3𝑑superscriptsubscript𝑖𝑗0𝑑1ket𝑖ket𝑗ket𝑖𝑗\displaystyle\text{AME}(3,d)\sim\sum_{i,j=0}^{d-1}|i\rangle|j\rangle|i+j\rangle,AME ( 3 , italic_d ) ∼ ∑ start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_i , italic_j = 0 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT italic_d - 1 end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT | it... | Finally, the recently found AME(4,6)AME46\text{AME}(4,6)AME ( 4 , 6 ) Rather et al. (2022) is not maximally entangled | B |
In Section II we clarify what we mean by confinement and characterize the most general spectrum of massless composite fermions using tensor notation. Massless fermions can be classified by their representations under the chiral symmetry group 𝒢[Nf]𝒢delimited-[]subscript𝑁𝑓{\cal G}[N_{f}]caligraphic_G [ italic_N sta... | Besides ’t Hooft anomaly matching, the low-energy spectrum of QCD-like theories also needs to satisfy Persistent Mass Conditions (PMC) Preskill and Weinberg (1981), originally formulated by ’t Hooft as decoupling conditions ’t Hooft (1980). As we will see, PMC are an implication of the Vafa-Witten theorem valid for vec... | Section III gives a concise review on AMC and PMC equations. In particular, we justify PMC from the Vafa-Witten theorem Vafa and Witten (1984a), and make some original considerations regarding PMC with more than one massive flavor. | As formulated above, the Persistent Mass Condition can be proven by using the arguments articulated by Vafa and Witten in Ref. Vafa and Witten (1984a). Let us analyze the case of one massive flavor, the generalization to additional massive flavors being straightforward. We consider a regularized version of our theory w... | The results of Ref. Vafa and Witten (1984a) imply that the two-point function of T(x)𝑇𝑥T(x)italic_T ( italic_x ) satisfies the bound | B |
This is why the transverse sound wave can excite molecular rotation and, accordingly, the deformation of half-skyrmions. | In Néel-type half-skyrmion systems, on the other hand, the change in molecular orientation is parallel to the intermolecular displacement (splay). | In conclusion, we presented the decoupling between the primary structural relaxation and the MSD of half-skyrmions in condensed phases. In contrast to conserved particle dynamics, fusion and fission govern the primary structural relaxation. Bond-breaking induced by the cage-relative displacement contributes to the seco... | The half-skyrmions studied in this study are Bloch-type half-skyrmions, where the change in molecular orientation is perpendicular to the intermolecular displacement (twist). | Similarly, polar liquid crystals, which are known to exhibit the splay-nematic phase in the bulk [75], will be candidates to realize a Néel-type half-skyrmion phase when confined in thin films, though orientation reconfiguration in the third dimension may destabilize Néel-type half-skyrmions [76, 49]. | A |
Moreover, in the context of e+e−superscript𝑒superscript𝑒e^{+}e^{-}italic_e start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT + end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT italic_e start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT - end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT colliders, the e+superscript𝑒e^{+}italic_e start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT + end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT beam can be replaced by a backscattered photon, leading t... | the production cross-section contributions from the last two diagrams in Fig. 1 are proportional to |YSe|2superscriptsuperscriptsubscript𝑌𝑆𝑒2|Y_{S}^{e}|^{2}| italic_Y start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_S end_POSTSUBSCRIPT start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT italic_e end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT | start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT 2 end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT. | In this case, the heavy neutrinos can be produced in association with the charged scalar, as shown in the last two diagrams of Fig. 1. | In Fig. 7, left panel, we show the oscillation length in the laboratory frame along with the proper frame as a function of the heavy neutrino mass MNsubscript𝑀𝑁M_{N}italic_M start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_N end_POSTSUBSCRIPT. We see that IO looks particularly promising in this context. In order to observe this oscillatio... | In the linear seesaw, the heavy neutrinos can also appear as the decay products of the charged scalar bosons produced in pairs at e+e−superscript𝑒superscript𝑒e^{+}e^{-}italic_e start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT + end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT italic_e start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT - end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT colliders, see Fig. 3. | B |
We believe that our results might give a critical contribution not only to cosmology but also to statistical thermodynamics and the understanding of nature and living systems. | In Theorem 1, we introduce a new coupling equation to define the mutual interactions between dark matter and dark energy. We give a proof for this theorem based on the energy conservation law of thermodynamics. We also state that equations in Theorem 1 include non-holonomic variables. We know that two coupled systems o... | We propose a new interaction scheme that represents the interaction of dark matter and dark energy. We have demonstrated that interactions should be defined in two ways. The first is the mutual interaction between the two systems and the second is the self-interaction that occurs on each system. These two interaction p... | Based on this new theoretical framework, we will show that interaction equations can be derived from the first law of thermodynamics. To obtain a full description of the interaction we will suggest a new complementary equation inspired by graph theory. Finally, based on these theorems, we will carry out new interaction... | This work is organized as follows: In Section II, we briefly summarize the conventional method for modeling the interaction between dark matter and dark energy, in Section III, we introduce a new and novel interaction schema to model dark matter and dark energy interactions. We present new theorems and give proofs base... | D |
1−e−β(t−tk)eβΔ−11superscript𝑒𝛽𝑡subscript𝑡𝑘superscript𝑒𝛽Δ1\displaystyle\frac{1-e^{-\beta\left(t-t_{k}\right)}}{e^{\beta\Delta}-1}divide start_ARG 1 - italic_e start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT - italic_β ( italic_t - italic_t start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_k end_POSTSUBSCRIPT ) end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT end_ARG start_ARG italic_e st... | The final cumulative comparison is a sum of all scores for all the validation tests at each time step (Fig. 12). The best results at the small time steps were determined for LI, vGB82, vEB, and pEB integrators. For intermediate time steps, the most precise integrators are LI, vGB82, λ05𝜆05\lambda 05italic_λ 05–VV, an... | The “integral” precision parameter ϵ′superscriptitalic-ϵ′\epsilon^{\prime}italic_ϵ start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT (58) has very different magnitudes for the different integrators: 10−4superscript10410^{-4}10 start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT - 4 end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT in the cases of GJF, LTID, vBBK, and λ05𝜆05\lambda ... | The method of van Gunsteren and Berendsen [49] (vGB82) uses a different interpolation function that assumes that forces change linearly in time: | The EB method is an integrator of special interest because each state is integrated almost without approximations and the timestep can be as large as possible. Its only approximation is a constant conservative force within the single time step (26). It is possible to exclude or minimize such approximation with a proper... | C |
We note that most indirect detection experiments enable our model because the necessity for the axion keeps S1subscript𝑆1S_{1}italic_S start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 1 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT under abundance, which lowers the indirect detection constraints since it depends on the fractional scalar DM relic density squared. For very sm... | Even if we could pinpoint one such dark matter candidate, the exact contribution in the calculated relic density would crucially depend on several factors like dark matter production mechanism (e.g. Freeze-out, Freeze-in, FIMP, SIMP, etc.), the cosmological evolution (whether standard or non-standard DEramo:2017gpl ; D... | The KSVZ model is a renormalized QCD-axion model that inherently contains a color fermion (VLQ) and a Pecci-Quinn symmetry-breaking complex scalar, η𝜂\etaitalic_η, whose phase part is the QCD-axion. It solves two outstanding problems of the Standard Model of particle physics: the strong-CP problem and Dark Matter. The... | We explore a complex scalar extended KSVZ axion framework, where the scalar is singlet under the SM gauge groups but only has the Peccei-Quinn charge. This model has the capability to solve two of the most outstanding problems of the SM, that is, the strong-CP problem and a natural candidate for dark matter in the form... | It is interesting to note that estimating the relic density contribution of any individual dark matter component from direct or indirect searches or collider experiments is notably challenging 444These difficulties arise due to multiple factors involving dark matter evolution and the limitations of traditional measurem... | D |
The ac susceptibility experiments were carried out using two setups: The ac susceptibility χ′superscript𝜒′\chi^{\prime}italic_χ start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT is measured in a dilution refrigerator attached to a Quantum Design (QD) Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS) Dynacool and the Cole-Cole plo... | Specific heat measurements were carried out on single crystal samples of YbZn2GaO5 and LuZn2GaO5 using Helium-4 (1.8 K ≤\leq≤ T ≤\leq≤ 300 K) and dilution refrigerator (0.05 K ≤\leq≤ T ≤\leq≤ 2 K) set up attached to Quantum Design PPMS Dynacool. A representative single-crystal sample of YbZn2GaO5 mounted on a specific ... | Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility was measured using a 7 Tesla Cryogenic Ltd SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) magnetometer with a Helium-3 probe from 0.3 K to 2 K and with a Helium-4 probe from 2 K to 300 K. For the Helium-3 measurements, a small crystalline YbZn2GaO5 sample of 1.04 mg wa... | Figure 2: Specific heat and crystal electric field levels. a. Specific heat data of YbZn2GaO5 single crystal and LuZn2GaO5 powder sample collected under zero field and down to 0.06 K are shown. The calculated magnetic entropy (right Y-axis) of YbZn2GaO5 saturates to Rln2, indicating the effective spin-1/2 ground state.... | The ac susceptibility experiments were carried out using two setups: The ac susceptibility χ′superscript𝜒′\chi^{\prime}italic_χ start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT is measured in a dilution refrigerator attached to a Quantum Design (QD) Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS) Dynacool and the Cole-Cole plo... | A |
ℬ(ϕ→f0γ)ℬ→italic-ϕsubscript𝑓0𝛾{\cal B}(\phi\to f_{0}\gamma)caligraphic_B ( italic_ϕ → italic_f start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 0 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_γ ) | (157±3)∘superscriptplus-or-minus1573(157\pm 3)^{\circ}( 157 ± 3 ) start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ∘ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT Klempt:2021nuf | (138±6)∘superscriptplus-or-minus1386(138\pm 6)^{\circ}( 138 ± 6 ) start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ∘ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT Anisovich:2002wy | (1.3±0.1±0.1,2.9±0.7±0.2)plus-or-minus1.30.10.1plus-or-minus2.90.70.2(1.3\pm 0.1\pm 0.1,2.9\pm 0.7\pm 0.2)( 1.3 ± 0.1 ± 0.1 , 2.9 ± 0.7 ± 0.2 ) | (157±4)∘superscriptplus-or-minus1574(157\pm 4)^{\circ}( 157 ± 4 ) start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ∘ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT LHCb:2015klp | B |
(JPDF) of lx/ηsubscript𝑙𝑥𝜂l_{x}/\etaitalic_l start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_x end_POSTSUBSCRIPT / italic_η and ly/ηsubscript𝑙𝑦𝜂l_{y}/\etaitalic_l start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_y end_POSTSUBSCRIPT / italic_η is shown in | Re=λ384{}_{\lambda}=384start_FLOATSUBSCRIPT italic_λ end_FLOATSUBSCRIPT = 384. The results reveals that aspect ratios are similarly | and HIT3 (for Reλ=384subscriptRe𝜆384\mathrm{Re}_{\lambda}=384roman_Re start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_λ end_POSTSUBSCRIPT = 384). Table 1 | r𝑟ritalic_r and that these lengths also follow the self-similar relation lx∼lysimilar-tosubscript𝑙𝑥subscript𝑙𝑦l_{x}\sim l_{y}italic_l start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_x end_POSTSUBSCRIPT ∼ italic_l start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_y end_POSTSUBSCRIPT. The aspect ratios of the bounding boxes are quantified in | Re=λ384{}_{\lambda}=384start_FLOATSUBSCRIPT italic_λ end_FLOATSUBSCRIPT = 384. The lengths follow a self-similar relationship along | D |
→X^μ+∂μγ(n),→absentsubscript^𝑋𝜇subscript𝜇superscript𝛾𝑛\displaystyle\rightarrow\hat{X}_{\mu}+\partial_{\mu}\gamma^{(n)},→ over^ start_ARG italic_X end_ARG start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_μ end_POSTSUBSCRIPT + ∂ start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_μ end_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_γ start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ( italic_n ) end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT... | \mu(n^{\prime})}+\hat{X}^{(n)}_{\mu}\partial^{\mu}\phi^{(n^{\prime})}\big{)}+ italic_I start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 3 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ( italic_n italic_n start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ) end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ∂ start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_μ end_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_ϕ start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ( ita... | ϕ(n)superscriptitalic-ϕ𝑛\displaystyle\phi^{(n)}italic_ϕ start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ( italic_n ) end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT | ^{(n)}\varphi^{(n^{\prime})}+\varphi^{(n)}\phi^{(n^{\prime})}\big{)}\bigg{]}.+ italic_I start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 7 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ( italic_n italic_n start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ) end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT italic_ϕ start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ( italic_n ) end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT italic_ϕ start_POSTS... | →ϕ(n)+C1(n)γ(n),→absentsuperscriptitalic-ϕ𝑛superscriptsubscript𝐶1𝑛superscript𝛾𝑛\displaystyle\rightarrow\phi^{(n)}+C_{1}^{(n)}\gamma^{(n)},→ italic_ϕ start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ( italic_n ) end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT + italic_C start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 1 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ( italic_n ) end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ital... | B |
However, such limit can be easily evaded in the asymmetric DM scenario in which the dark sector has a nonzero YΔχ=(nχ−nχ¯)/ssubscript𝑌Δ𝜒subscript𝑛𝜒subscript𝑛¯𝜒𝑠Y_{\Delta\chi}=(n_{\chi}-n_{\bar{\chi}})/sitalic_Y start_POSTSUBSCRIPT roman_Δ italic_χ end_POSTSUBSCRIPT = ( italic_n start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_χ end_... | The article is organized as follows: Section II provides an introduction to our model and explores the physics associated with SIDM. Section III focuses on the calculation of the FOPT and the corresponding GW signals. In Section IV, we present our numerical results, showcasing the viable parameter space, and engage in ... | At zero temperature, the U(1)′𝑈superscript1′U(1)^{\prime}italic_U ( 1 ) start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT symmetry is spontaneously broken. However, at high temperatures in the early Universe, thermal corrections can restore the U(1)′𝑈superscript1′U(1)^{\prime}italic_U ( 1 ) start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_PO... | Shortly after the inflationary reheating, the Universe enters the radiation era with high temperature and density. We assume the dark and visible sectors are in thermal equilibrium (see Section IV). The scalar potential receives thermal corrections and becomes temperature dependent. The one-loop finite temperature pote... | with ρGWsubscript𝜌GW\rho_{\rm GW}italic_ρ start_POSTSUBSCRIPT roman_GW end_POSTSUBSCRIPT and ρcsubscript𝜌𝑐\rho_{c}italic_ρ start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_c end_POSTSUBSCRIPT being the GW and current Universe energy density, respectively, can be written as numerical functions of the FOPT parameters {α,β/H∗,T∗,vw}𝛼𝛽subs... | C |
Table 1: Saturated THz amplitude and central frequency of the THz pulse emitted from heterostructures CoFeB (2nm)/NM. | Dependence of THz Signal Amplitude, Central Frequency, and Bandwidth on Heterostructure Thickness and NM Materials: Fig. 2 illustrates the emitted THz signal as a function of delay time and laser spot position for distinct samples. Accordingly, irrespective of the type of metal layers, no THz emission is detected at th... | To optimize spintronic THz emitters performance, we conducted a comparative study on SiO22{}_{2}start_FLOATSUBSCRIPT 2 end_FLOATSUBSCRIPT/CoFeB/NM heterostructures, where the CoFeB layer thickness varied from 0 to 5nm, and different heavy metals (Pt, W, Au) and alloys (Pt%92{}_{\%92}start_FLOATSUBSCRIPT % 92 end_FLOATS... | To gain deeper insights into the fabricated THz emitters, we analyzed the correlation between the amplitude of the emitted THz field at 1 THz and the varying thicknesses of the CoFeB layer in stacks with specified NM layers, see Fig. 3 (a) and (b). The THz emitters composed of pure Pt layers demonstrate the highest THz... | Figure 3: (a) The amplitude of the THz signal at a frequency of 1 THz as a function of CoFeB-layer thicknesses for stacks containing different NM layers and varying thicknesses. The amplitude is measured in attovolt-seconds. (b) A magnified scale of the THz signal for stacks comprising NM layers Ru, Au, and AgBi. (c) T... | C |
The pink curve corresponds to the right peak, the red curve corresponds to the left one, and the purple curve corresponds to the divergent branch on the left. | Both the pink and red solid lines represent larger generalized volumes at the corresponding boundary time, while the dotted lines are the opposite. | The two solid grey lines represent the two local maxima of U(r)𝑈𝑟U(r)italic_U ( italic_r ), i.e., U(rf)𝑈subscript𝑟𝑓U(r_{f})italic_U ( italic_r start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_f end_POSTSUBSCRIPT ). | Both the pink and blue solid lines represent larger generalized volumes at the corresponding boundary time, while the dotted lines are the opposite. | The pink, red and blue solid lines represent larger generalized volumes at the corresponding boundary time, while the dotted lines are the opposite. | A |
Bayesian hierarchical inference from a set of GW events selected based on a particular criterion introduces selection biases into the inferred posterior distribution of hyperparameters [52, 53]. Since we are selecting events based on whether they were found with a SNR greater than some threshold in at least three detec... | To account for this bias, we must normalize our hierarchical likelihood over the true rate of events as opposed to the detected rate, with the latter being different from the former, due to selection biases. The constant of normalization is the fraction of events that are detectable given a particular value of the hype... | Because of these considerations, we conclude that the weighted SVD-assisted random draw method produces constraints that are unreliable and are likely to be underestimates of the true uncertainties in the measurement of SME coefficients. We verify this claim by testing this method against its Bayesian counterparts in a... | We note that the KDE’s bandwidth acts like a control parameter with potential room for user-controlled fine-tuning in the computation of its value, somewhat analogous to the σ𝜎\sigmaitalic_σ of the narrow Gaussian method. However, unlike the narrow Gaussian method where σ𝜎\sigmaitalic_σ can in principle be chosen to ... | }\over{R_{\rm true}}}}italic_β start_POSTSUBSCRIPT roman_det end_POSTSUBSCRIPT ( over¯ start_ARG italic_s end_ARG start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_l italic_m end_POSTSUBSCRIPT ) = divide start_ARG italic_R start_POSTSUBSCRIPT roman_det end_POSTSUBSCRIPT ( over¯ start_ARG italic_s end_ARG start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_l italic_m... | A |
Despite neglecting additional electrical g𝑔gitalic_g-tensor modulations [2, 30], this minimal model successfully explains electrically driven spin transitions via ac modulation of the detuning voltage using both mono- and bichromatic resonance techniques. | Spin-conserving and spin-flip tunneling between the quantum dots are also included, with a coupling strength of t𝑡titalic_t for spin-conserving transitions and ΩΩ\Omegaroman_Ω for spin-flip transitions (Supplemental Material Note 8A). | The model considers the lowest orbital in each dot, including four states in the (1,1)11(1,1)( 1 , 1 ) charge regime, as well as the (0,2)02(0,2)( 0 , 2 ) and (2,0)20(2,0)( 2 , 0 ) singlet states. | Following perturbation theory, bichromatic spin transitions are activated thanks to spin-conserving (t𝑡titalic_t) and spin-flipping (ΩΩ\Omegaroman_Ω) tunneling terms, which hybridize the four possible spin states with the S(2,0)𝑆20S(2,0)italic_S ( 2 , 0 ) state, as discussed below and in Supplemental Material Note 8... | Here, spin dynamics occur through virtual transitions between the (1,1)11(1,1)( 1 , 1 ) spin states and the (0,2)02(0,2)( 0 , 2 ) and (2,0)20(2,0)( 2 , 0 ) singlet states, mediated by the spin-conserving and spin-flipping terms, as shown in Fig. 2(e). | D |
This applies to our set-up since {H,X}=λ{H1,X}𝐻𝑋𝜆subscript𝐻1𝑋\{H,X\}=\lambda\{H_{1},X\}{ italic_H , italic_X } = italic_λ { italic_H start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 1 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT , italic_X } is indeed p𝑝pitalic_p-antisymetric, and an iterative use of eq. (5) yields the representation (4). | In solving eq. (5) by inverting the Liouville operator {H0,⋅}subscript𝐻0⋅\{H_{0},\cdot\}{ italic_H start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 0 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT , ⋅ }, one encounters random expressions of the form | We write the KG Hamiltonian as H=H0+λH1𝐻subscript𝐻0𝜆subscript𝐻1H=H_{0}+\lambda H_{1}italic_H = italic_H start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 0 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT + italic_λ italic_H start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 1 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT, where H0subscript𝐻0H_{0}italic_H start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 0 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT is the harmonic part, and we let n𝑛... | {H1,f}={H0,h},subscript𝐻1𝑓subscript𝐻0ℎ\{H_{1},f\}=\{H_{0},h\},{ italic_H start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 1 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT , italic_f } = { italic_H start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 0 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT , italic_h } , | This applies to our set-up since {H,X}=λ{H1,X}𝐻𝑋𝜆subscript𝐻1𝑋\{H,X\}=\lambda\{H_{1},X\}{ italic_H , italic_X } = italic_λ { italic_H start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 1 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT , italic_X } is indeed p𝑝pitalic_p-antisymetric, and an iterative use of eq. (5) yields the representation (4). | A |
Instead, we do investigate how much the dynamics at positive temperature and at weak interaction is slowed down by its proximity to a localized system. We will explain later how this connects to an interesting ongoing debate, but first, we introduce the model and set the stage. | The disordered Klein-Gordon chain with a quartic interaction is a prototypical example of an interacting classical many-body system, | The fate of Anderson localization in the presence of genuine many-body interactions, or anharmonicity, is a matter of considerable interest and debate, | It is also important to consider sufficiently generic interactions, see e.g. [12] for an example of a many-body system that, despite probably being chaotic, exhibits subdiffusive transport. | We focus here on the dynamics at λ=0𝜆0\lambda=0italic_λ = 0: The chain is harmonic and the system is decomposed into a set of |ΛL|subscriptΛ𝐿|\Lambda_{L}|| roman_Λ start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_L end_POSTSUBSCRIPT | independent modes. | A |
Here we show the results of simulations including atomic steps at the interfaces of the two materials, as shown in Fig. S3(a-c). This kind of disorder is known to strongly affect the planar structures \citeSFriesen2007sm,Chutia2008sm,Saraiva2009sm,Hosseinkhani2020sm,Hosseinkhani2021sm,Lima2023sm,Wuetz2022sm however we ... | Atomistic disorder in our Si/SiGe fins. (a-c) Plot of the cross section of the triangular fin including three different disorder configurations at the Si/SiGe interfaces. The blue dots depict the discrete lattice points used for the numerical diagonalization of the Hamiltonian in the main text and the red lines mark th... | The valley splitting ΔΔ\Deltaroman_Δ and the shear strain component εt1t2subscript𝜀subscript𝑡1subscript𝑡2\varepsilon_{t_{1}t_{2}}italic_ε start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_t start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 1 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_t start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 2 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT end_POSTSUBSCRIPT are presented in Fig. S5. In Fig. S5(a-f),... | In the Supplemental Material we provide more details on the simulation of the strain tensor in our devices via the finite element method and continuum elasticity theory. We show results on the strain tensor components that cause the localization of the electron wave function in certain areas of the device cross section... | In particular, we diagonalize the Hamiltonian in the main text discretized on the lattice shown in Fig. S3(a-c) with values of strain simulated in the triangular fin device without interface steps. The results are shown in Fig. S3(d) and comparing with the results in the main text we observe perfect agreement, thus cor... | D |
Example applications in 18F-FDG PET imaging demonstrated the capabilities of LM TOF SSS modeling and LM-TOF reconstruction using the OSEM and DIPRecon algorithms. As apparent in Figure 4, reconstruction of the low count data using DIPRecon was able to reduce noise in the grey matter regions while preserving cortical st... | While the development and validation of reconstruction techniques remains an active field of research [6, 7, 8, 9], it can often be difficult to share and disseminate one’s findings. Additionally, while manufacturers of tomographic imaging equipment such as Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Positro... | While this paper has demonstrated implementations for parallel collimator SPECT and LM-TOF PET, there exist many other modalities not presently included in the software, including (but not limited to) diverging/converging/pinhole SPECT, various forms of computed tomography, (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and co... | This work describes the python library PyTomography and highlights specific use cases in SPECT and PET imaging. The software architecture facilitates the development of different imaging modalities and likelihoods that can all interface with the same reconstruction algorithms. The goal of this research was to create a ... | To this end, we developed the python library PyTomography with the priorities to: (i) implement standard and traditional imaging modalities and reconstruction algorithms, (ii) disseminate recent research developments, such as the deep image prior [8], and (iii) encourage community involvement via extensive documentatio... | B |
}}-|\mathbf{R}^{0}_{ij}|\approx\hat{\mathbf{R}}_{ij}^{0}\cdot\mathbf{u}_{ij}.| roman_Δ bold_R start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_i italic_j end_POSTSUBSCRIPT | = | bold_R start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_i italic_j end_POSTSUBSCRIPT | - | bold_R start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT 0 end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_i italic_j end_PO... | In the two-dimensional lattice model, we neglect uzsuperscript𝑢𝑧u^{z}italic_u start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT italic_z end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT and the derivative of z𝑧zitalic_z, and consider only in-plane displacements along bonds due to Eq. (S1). In other words, the only non-zero strain is | As shown in Eq. (S8), the bond-dependent interaction Jz±subscript𝐽limit-from𝑧plus-or-minusJ_{z\pm}italic_J start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_z ± end_POSTSUBSCRIPT (and J±subscript𝐽plus-or-minusJ_{\pm}italic_J start_POSTSUBSCRIPT ± end_POSTSUBSCRIPT) is generally allowed under D3h(D3)subscript𝐷3ℎsubscript𝐷3D_{3h}(D_{3})... | In this section, we derive the expression for Hc(𝐤)subscript𝐻𝑐𝐤H_{c}(\mathbf{k})italic_H start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_c end_POSTSUBSCRIPT ( bold_k ) of Eq. (9) from Hmesubscript𝐻𝑚𝑒H_{me}italic_H start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_m italic_e end_POSTSUBSCRIPT. To couple spin-waves with phonons in the lowest order, we onl... | Therefore, to the lowest order, only in-plane displacement along bond ij𝑖𝑗ijitalic_i italic_j presents in the vibrational Hamiltonian, and by Hooke’s law, we obtain Eq. (3). | D |
{r_{s}^{2}}\right)\,.\end{split}start_ROW start_CELL italic_U end_CELL start_CELL = 2 italic_e start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT 2 end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT italic_k start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_F end_POSTSUBSCRIPT ( roman_ln divide start_ARG 1 end_ARG start_ARG italic_r start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_s end_POSTSUBSCRIPT end_ARG + divide star... | The anisotropic order parameter, while breaking spontaneously the global U(1)𝑈1U(1)italic_U ( 1 ) and rotational symmetries, does respect the time reversal symmetry, since the spin up condensate maps onto spin down one upon time reversal transformation. | These findings are summarized in Fig. 10, showing the phase diagram in the coordinates of dimensionless SOI coupling α~~𝛼\tilde{\alpha}over~ start_ARG italic_α end_ARG vs. the interaction strength 𝒰~~𝒰\tilde{\mathcal{U}}over~ start_ARG caligraphic_U end_ARG. The paramagnet phase exhibits the first order transition t... | The time reversal symmetry may be also broken, if a certain spin polarization spontaneously develops. This gives rise to a superconducting phase similar to the A1 phase in 3He. | The present work aims at making first steps in this direction. To this end, it investigates the superconducting and magnetic instabilities in both 3D and 2D Fermi liquids with PSOI. We demonstrate that PSOI can induce a p−limit-from𝑝p-italic_p -wave superconducting state in 3D, which can be either nodal or nodeless de... | C |
\dfrac{1}{2M}\right)\left(\dfrac{\omega}{m}-\Omega_{H}\right)(r_{h}^{2}+a^{2})dt.italic_M start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT 2 end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT - italic_J start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT = 2 italic_M italic_m start_POSTSUPERSCRI... | At the same time, when the spinning dark matter-black hole reaches the extreme, the angular velocity of the event horizon becomes | Next, we explore the possibility of the destruction of the event horizon in the extreme dark matter-black hole scenario. The condition satisfied by the extreme black hole is a2=M2superscript𝑎2superscript𝑀2a^{2}=M^{2}italic_a start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT 2 end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT = italic_M start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT 2 end_POSTSUPERS... | The rotational velocity of the black hole can be determined by calculating the metric coefficient of the dark matter-black hole spacetime, and if the radius of the event horizon is considered, the angular velocity is | Combining formulas (85), (86) and (87), since the time interval dt𝑑𝑡dtitalic_d italic_t, the parameter ε𝜀\varepsilonitalic_ε, and the dark matter parameters k1subscript𝑘1k_{1}italic_k start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 1 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT or k2subscript𝑘2k_{2}italic_k start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 2 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT are all first-order ... | A |
In Fig. 8, the score for the random acting agents is approximately 00, since the cooperative sequential coin game is a zero-sum game. The evolutionary-trained VQC approache, however, perform significantly better leading to an average score around 7777. The total coins collected depicted in Fig. 9(a) suggests that in co... | In the previous section, we observed that a neural network with the same number of parameters as the VQC of our approach cannot match the VQC’s performance. We will now compare the results with a neural network that has significantly more parameters. Again, mutation only is used for the evolution of subsequent generati... | As depicted in Fig. 8, a better result is achieved by the VQC approach compared to random. On this basis, we compare the performance of this VQC approach to that of a neural network with a comparable number of parameters. | In our experiments, we showed that our VQC approach performs significantly better compared to a neural network with a similar amount of trainable parameters. Compared to the larger neural network, we can see that the VQC approach achieves similar results, showing the effectiveness of using VQCs in a MAQRL environment. ... | Here we exploit the higher expressive power of VQCs compared to conventional neural networks [Chen et al., 2022]. Similar to [Chen et al., 2022], we define the expressive power as the capacity to represent particular functions with a constrained number of parameters. Note that the VQC has 148148148148 parameters (3 * 6... | B |
The first set of papers that discussed quantum algorithms for the protein folding problem is based on mapping the locations of protein molecules in a 2D/3D lattice in a coordinate space [5]. They make use of the HP (H - hydrophobic, P - polar) lattice model used in classical algorithms. The coordinate space is represen... | The first set of papers that discussed quantum algorithms for the protein folding problem is based on mapping the locations of protein molecules in a 2D/3D lattice in a coordinate space [5]. They make use of the HP (H - hydrophobic, P - polar) lattice model used in classical algorithms. The coordinate space is represen... | The disadvantages in using a coordinate based approach led to models that used the so called turn based encoding approach [6]. The turn based encoding approach maps the turns taken while moving from one molecule to the next to quantum states. This is analogous to a self avoiding walk (SAW) setup. In a 3D dimensional la... | We also see other variants of turn based modelling of the protein folding problem. In [7], the authors use a one hot encoding method, where every molecule is represented by 6666 qubits. Every qubit represents a direction in a 3D lattice. A qubit taking a value |1⟩delimited-|⟩1\lvert{1}\rangle| 1 ⟩ indicates a turn in t... | In this paper, we are proposing a turn based model in a 3D lattice for the protein folding problem. The peptide chain is coarse grained into a C-alpha backbone model where each bead represents the C-alpha atom of individual amino acids in the peptide sequence. Further, the interaction model could either be in the class... | B |
This result suggests the possibility of using the ubiquitous Kerr nonlinearity of optical materials and FGVD to emulate nonlinear LWs. | In this work, we engage a pulse shaper to the fiber laser cavity, building a nonlinear LW to emulate the pulse | In our demonstration, we emulate the nonlinear LW using the mode-locked fiber laser (MLFL) and pulse | shaper. In the “intra-cavity” configuration, the pulse shaper is placed inside the cavity to provide and | In the “extra-cavity” configuration, the pulse shaper is moved outside the cavity, to act on the soliton | A |
In one specific example (Fig. 1 (c)), the bright mode (CW) can be considered as the cavity and the dark modes can be considered as the collective ions. Assume the polarization of exciting THz wave is x𝑥xitalic_x direction and external THz wave only can excite the bight mode (CW) as shown in red line of Fig. 2 (a) and ... | Therefore, the energy of bright mode can not flow to dark modes due to the suppression of dark modes. Consequently, bright mode can excite by external THz wave again, which causes the CIT effect, as shown in the blue, green and red lines of Fig. 2 (c). As we can see from the results, all the maximum frequencies of Fano... | The more interesting is that when slightly vary the geometric parameters of one dark mode (gap g2subscript𝑔2g_{2}italic_g start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 2 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT in this example), two different structures of dark modes could have the interference effect, which is the well-known symmetry-breaking BIC in metamaterials, ... | It is remarkable that when two metamaterial structures are slightly different, the metamaterial BIC starts to appear with corresponding to the blue, green and red lines of Fig. 2 (b). The typical transmission spectrum of quasi-BIC is the Fano shape and the overall dark modes become suppressed due to the interference of... | In this paper, we do not try to design novel metamaterials’ structures and we plan to employ the some typical structures which can well demonstrate our idea. Thus, the bright mode of metamaterial structure (cutting wire (CW) or rectangle) is coupling to the dark modes of metamaterial structures (split-ring resonators (... | B |
As a consequence of defect repositioning in near-field interactions, spherical colloids with tangential anchoring can settle into a configuration with broken symmetry, and multiple colloids can self-assemble into a chain aligned at an angle of 30∘ with the alignment axis of the liquid crystal [65, 63, 80, 88, 19] or in... | We begin with a description of the general problem, and recall the relevant structure developed for the case of a single immersed body [12]. Consider a two-dimensional nematic liquid crystal outside N𝑁Nitalic_N simply-connected bodies, as illustrated in Fig. 1 for N=2𝑁2N=2italic_N = 2. The liquid crystal domain and t... | This paper is organized as follows. We begin in §2 with a review of the mathematical model, including a discussion of boundary conditions and surface tractions, and we recall from Ref. [12] the effective boundary technique that allows for the solution of a weak (finite) anchoring problem based on the solution of a stro... | While a variety of numerical methods for exploring LC configurations have been developed [95], analytical solutions of the equilibrium director field configuration are needed in order to better understand the geometry-dependent, LC-mediated elastic body interactions. Even though the equilibrium director field is a harm... | Even though the director angle in a nematic LC is a harmonic function in the single Frank constant approximation, finding solutions is not a simple task. Nonlinear, Robin boundary conditions provide one challenge, but a far greater difficulty lies in the selection of topological defect locations, either on body surface... | C |
Notably, the consideration of overall population dynamics resulting from multiple subpopulations exhibiting SHM, leads immediately to a universality observation stemming from the Fourier theorem [43]: | In the book “Ecological Orbits: How Planets Move and Populations Grow” [18], Ginzburg and Colyvan show that a maternal effect can generate population cycles [19], obviating the need for predator-prey models to explain such dynamics. | By choosing the form of the selection “force” via f(z(t))𝑓𝑧𝑡f(z(t))italic_f ( italic_z ( italic_t ) ), we can consider different kinds of “bound motion” of which simple harmonic motion is a fundamental example. | Maternal effects driving simple harmonic motion in subpopulations are sufficient to generate any periodic population dynamics that satisfy the Dirichlet conditions. | In particular, considerations of the analogies between biology and physics via the virial theorem led us to generalize the work of [18] and to derive the ecological simple harmonic oscillator, which to our knowledge is the first example of such an oscillator that emerges solely from maternal effects and does not requir... | C |
Examples include cluster-DMFT approaches (either in real or reciprocal space) [211] or diagrammatic extensions of the self-energy [365], as well as non-equilibrium DMFT [19]. | To improve some of the shortcomings of the DFT +DMFT method, a better starting point than DFT may be GW. The combination of GW with DMFT provides a route to include non-local effects beyond DFT as well as to formalize the double-counting correction term [40]. | Examples include cluster-DMFT approaches (either in real or reciprocal space) [211] or diagrammatic extensions of the self-energy [365], as well as non-equilibrium DMFT [19]. | DFT simulations of periodic solids can be conveniently (but definitely not necessarily) performed by adopting a plane-wave basis set, in conjunction with smooth pseudopotentials that reproduce the interaction between valence electrons and nuclei plus core electrons [269]. The resulting KS eigenstates are also not parti... | As in DFT +U𝑈Uitalic_U, the local interaction parameters that enter the Hubbard model in DFT +DMFT must be chosen appropriately. | A |
|^{2^{*}}{\,\rm d}s\right)^{2/2^{*}}.( ∫ start_POSTSUBSCRIPT blackboard_R end_POSTSUBSCRIPT | italic_ψ start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ( italic_s ) | start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT 2 end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT roman_d italic_s ) start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT italic_θ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ( ∫ start_POSTSUBSCRIPT blackboard_R end_POS... | which was proved by Palatucci–Pisante [17, Theorem 1], using subtle weighted Lpsuperscript𝐿𝑝L^{p}italic_L start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT italic_p end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT-estimates for Riesz potentials in [19] and Calderón-Zygmund type techniques in the spirit of the Fefferman–Phong argument [5]. The bound (6) is helpful to obtain... | The optimal constant of the one-dimensional inequality (17) was already obtained by Nagy in 1941 [16], with 2∗=2d/(d−2)superscript22𝑑𝑑22^{*}=2d/(d-2)2 start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ∗ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT = 2 italic_d / ( italic_d - 2 ) replaced by a general positive power. The existence and uniqueness of optmizers of the ana... | the existence of optimizers of (8) follows from the standard concentration compactness method. Below we focus on the endpoint cases. While the existence of optimizers in this case is open in general, we are able to give a partial answer under the restriction to radial functions. We will limit ourselves to the choice p=... | In the special case d=3𝑑3d=3italic_d = 3 (which is relevant to Theorem 1), the interpolation inequality (17) with 2∗=6superscript262^{*}=62 start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ∗ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT = 6 goes back to the (1D, one-body) Lieb–Thirring inequality [12] as well as Keller’s lower bound on the lowest eigenvalue of the Schrö... | B |
Notice that S(Θ)superscriptSΘ\mathrm{S}^{(\Theta)}roman_S start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ( roman_Θ ) end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT is a unitary operator on ranPac(HP(Θ))ransubscript𝑃acsuperscriptsubscript𝐻PΘ\mbox{ran}\,P_{\mathrm{ac}}\big{(}H_{\mathrm{P}}^{(\Theta)}\big{)}ran italic_P start_POSTSUBSCRIPT roman_ac end_POSTSUBSCRIPT ( ... | Our main goal is however a careful description of the spectral and scattering properties of the self-adjoint realizations of the Pauli operator (§ 2.3): with the exception of possible embedded eigenvalues, we provide a complete picture of the spectrum of each self-adjoint extension, including zero-energy resonances, an... | Proposition 2.21 (Zero-energy resonances for HP(F)superscriptsubscript𝐻PFH_{\mathrm{P}}^{(\mathrm{F})}italic_H start_POSTSUBSCRIPT roman_P end_POSTSUBSCRIPT start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ( roman_F ) end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT and HP(Θ)superscriptsubscript𝐻PΘH_{\mathrm{P}}^{(\Theta)}italic_H start_POSTSUBSCRIPT roman_P end_POSTSUBSC... | Proposition 2.28 (Zero-energy resonances for HDγsuperscriptsubscript𝐻D𝛾H_{\mathrm{D}}^{\gamma}italic_H start_POSTSUBSCRIPT roman_D end_POSTSUBSCRIPT start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT italic_γ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT). | Finally, we introduce the following definition of zero-energy resonances of Pauli operators. We adopt an analogous definition for the zero-energy resonances of the Dirac operator (see next Proposition 2.24 and Proposition 2.28). | D |
For this reason, the matrix element V2subscript𝑉2V_{2}italic_V start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 2 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT of the forward-scattering interaction is a phenomenological parameter of the problem. | In dimensions D>1𝐷1D>1italic_D > 1 the dynamic screening is irrelevant [63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68], which is also illustrated in App. D. | In contrast, a short-range (contact) interaction only generates irrelevant non-analyticities [63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68]. | The mechanism of FL instabilities uncovered here is not material-specific but rather universal for interacting electron systems in dimensions D>1𝐷1D>1italic_D > 1. | In contrast to D>1𝐷1D>1italic_D > 1, in the 1D case the dynamic screening is responsible for the Luttinger-liquid form of the electron Green’s function and contributes to ∝γ2proportional-toabsentsuperscript𝛾2\propto\gamma^{2}∝ italic_γ start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT 2 end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT corrections to the critical exponents ... | A |
In this work, we reported on our theoretical investigations of the role of resonances in two device types becoming more feasible thanks to recent developments in thin-film processing: extremely thin active layers placed in a cavity, and moderately thin layers in a thin-film device interacting with free space. Based on ... | The intracavity emission enhancement illustrated in Fig. 2 is generalized in Fig. 3, where 3(a) shows the maximum optical power emitted by the the GaAs layer in the cavity and the optical power emitted by the reference structure. Figure 3(b) in turn shows the ratio of the values shown in Fig. 3(a). For Fig. 3(a), the v... | Beginning with the full-device characteristics under illumination, the simulated current-voltage (IV) curves are shown in Fig. 6(a) as calculated with the RTDD and IRTDD simulation. First of all, it can be seen that the IV curves from the specular RTDD and IRTDD simulations are practically equal with each other with th... | Acknowledgements.We acknowledge financial support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme (Grant Agreement Nos. 951976 and 964698). The calculations were performed using the computational resources provided by the Aalto Science-IT project. | To find the optimum values shown in Fig. 3, both the cavity length and the absorber layer thickness were varied for each emitter layer thickness. Interestingly, to reach the maximum values shown in Fig. 3, the optimum absorber layer thickness has to be somewhat larger than the emitter layer thickness. To illustrate thi... | C |
This transformation is not unique and one can transform by stretching the domain in many different ways, controlling the amount of stretch imposed to the geometry or even imposing a space folding. | This flexibility is potentially valuable in practical terms as according to the precice choice, the transformed properties can scale towards values smaller or greater than those of the fluid, and can be influenced by the availability of materials for implementation. | Let us consider the 1D semi-infinite spaces ΣΣ\Sigmaroman_Σ and σ𝜎\sigmaitalic_σ as shown in Figure 1a, they contain either one or two slabs of fluids different from the matrix. Namely, fluid i𝑖iitalic_i is characterised by a density ρi∈ℝsubscript𝜌𝑖ℝ\rho_{i}\in\mathbb{R}italic_ρ start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_i end_POS... | Figure 8: Transformed properties normalised with respect to the fluid properties κ0subscript𝜅0\kappa_{0}italic_κ start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 0 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT and ρ0subscript𝜌0\rho_{0}italic_ρ start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 0 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT. The transformation changes the material properties according to the stretch imposed. Value... | We emphasise here that f(r)𝑓𝑟f(r)italic_f ( italic_r ) does not have to be monotonic, meaning situations implying space folding are encapsulated by the present method. This would require Negative Index Materials (NIM) [30, 31, 34] whose properties can be approximated by locally resonant material. For the sake of cla... | A |
Secondly, we have also to consider that the mode at 0.7 THz could be a localized surface mode as revealed in Mo/Si superlattice for example [40]. Such localized mode usually appears in superlattices having a wide forbidden phonon band gap due to a very large acoustic impedance mismatch between the layers and terminated... | Finally, we think that a plausible interpretation could rely on the new super-ordered we reveal in this superlattice. With an out-of-plane period that is around 2Λ2Λ2\Lambda2 roman_Λ (see Fig. 2), such a double superlattice period should lead to a second mode folding. In that case, this will transfer the ZE mode at th... | To summarize, in this work we have scrutinized the structural properties and coherent acoustic phonon dynamics in BiFeO33{}_{3}start_FLOATSUBSCRIPT 3 end_FLOATSUBSCRIPT-LaFeO33{}_{3}start_FLOATSUBSCRIPT 3 end_FLOATSUBSCRIPT based superlattices with a combination of electron and X-ray diffraction, optical time-resolved ... | In this work, by analysing electron and X-ray diffraction patterns, we reveal the existence of rich multiple structural orders in a BiFeO33{}_{3}start_FLOATSUBSCRIPT 3 end_FLOATSUBSCRIPT/LaFeO33{}_{3}start_FLOATSUBSCRIPT 3 end_FLOATSUBSCRIPT (BFO/LFO) superlattice. We show that besides the known in-plane orthorhombic d... | The origin of this mode at 0.7 THz might have another origin. Different hypothesis can be discussed. First of all, one could envision also a shear acoustic mode folding. Considering the shear velocity of around 3000 m.s−11{}^{-1}start_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT - 1 end_FLOATSUPERSCRIPT [30, 33, 38, 39], one can expect a zone cen... | A |
In this section, the transport coefficients of the Gribov-modified gluonic plasma have been formulated. Note that there are two quasi-poles, given by Eq. (20) and Eq. (21). For this set of energies, we will have two different forms of 𝒜𝒜\mathcal{A}caligraphic_A and 𝒞𝒞\mathcal{C}caligraphic_C corresponding to each o... | where δf(x,p)𝛿𝑓𝑥𝑝\delta f(x,p)italic_δ italic_f ( italic_x , italic_p ) is the deviation from the local equilibrium, defined in the Eq. (40), τRsubscript𝜏𝑅\tau_{R}italic_τ start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_R end_POSTSUBSCRIPT is the relaxation time, which in this work has been assumed to be constant and same for the s... | In this section, the transport coefficients of the Gribov-modified gluonic plasma have been formulated. Note that there are two quasi-poles, given by Eq. (20) and Eq. (21). For this set of energies, we will have two different forms of 𝒜𝒜\mathcal{A}caligraphic_A and 𝒞𝒞\mathcal{C}caligraphic_C corresponding to each o... | It is evident from the Eq. (52) that incorporating the mean field effect alters the coefficient 𝒜𝒜\mathcal{A}caligraphic_A and hence only the bulk viscosity. Therefore, the final form of the coefficient 𝒜𝒜\mathcal{A}caligraphic_A is given as as the sum of the Eq. (50) and Eq. (52). Hence, | While evaluating the coefficients, the method adopted in the previous section will again be applied. It is important to realise that difference that occurs primarily due to the first term in the Eq. (47) (as a result of different forms of the energy density between the quasiparticle quarks and gluons), and also here, t... | D |
\sigma_{3}},\quad z\in\mathbb{C}\setminus[t,+\infty).over¯ start_ARG roman_Ψ ( over¯ start_ARG italic_z end_ARG ) end_ARG = roman_Ψ ( italic_z ) roman_e start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT roman_i divide start_ARG italic_π end_ARG start_ARG 2 end_ARG italic_σ start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 3 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT , italic_z ∈ b... | Moreover, uniqueness of the solution follows from the uniqueness of the solution to the Riemann–Hilbert problem for Y𝑌Yitalic_Y: indeed, different solutions ΨΨ\Psiroman_Ψ could be used via (3.40) to define different solutions Y𝑌Yitalic_Y. | Indeed, the first relation follows from the fact that Y+(λ)∼Isimilar-tosubscript𝑌𝜆𝐼Y_{+}(\lambda)\sim Iitalic_Y start_POSTSUBSCRIPT + end_POSTSUBSCRIPT ( italic_λ ) ∼ italic_I as λ→+∞→𝜆\lambda\to+\inftyitalic_λ → + ∞ and asymptotic properties of Bessel functions, recalling the definition (3.40) of ΨΨ\Psiroman_Ψ an... | Y(z)𝑌𝑧Y(z)italic_Y ( italic_z ) defined in (3.13) is the unique solution to Riemann–Hilbert problem 3.5. | The matrix function ΨΨ\Psiroman_Ψ defined in (3.40) is the unique solution to Riemann–Hilbert problem 3.11 and it satisfies | A |
Turning our attention now to the vortex-like excitations, let us consider a pair of vortices on top of the canonical ground-state flux sector at the isotropic point. In the absence of crystalline translational symmetry, the vortex pair energy can be strongly dependent on their locations. In Fig. 5(a), we plot the compl... | Going beyond the classic Kitaev model construction, other exciting avenues for future work include extending the model Yao and Kivelson (2007); Yao and Lee (2011) on the same (or different Keskiner et al. (2023); Wu et al. (2009)) quasicrystals, studying variants of the Kitaev-Kondo model Tsvelik and Coleman (2022) ins... | This work demonstrates the complexity associated with the interplay of fractionalization, entanglement and (de-)localization in quasicrystalline graphs. While serving as an important proof-of-concept demonstration of the novel aspects of frustrated spin models in quasicrystals, the advent of programmable Rydberg quantu... | Quasicrystals represent a fascinating and unique form of atomic arrangement Ranganathan and Chattopadhyay (1991); Levine and Steinhardt (1984); Goldman and Kelton (1993); Goldman and Widom (1991), where the sites are neither perfectly periodic, as in a regular crystal, nor maximally disordered, as in an amorphous mater... | In this work, we construct an exactly solvable model of a quantum spin liquid on a tri-coordinated quasicrystal. Specifically, our model is a generalization of the celebrated Kitaev-model Kitaev (2006) for spin-1212\frac{1}{2}divide start_ARG 1 end_ARG start_ARG 2 end_ARG degrees of freedom on the quasicrystal, instead... | B |
In this paper, we investigate inherent ability of electrical power generation using infrared p-n junction diodes under the negative-illumination condition without atmosphere absorption as a function of the temperature of the cold bath and that of the hot bath. | The temperature dependence of the external quantum efficiency ηQsubscript𝜂𝑄\eta_{Q}italic_η start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_Q end_POSTSUBSCRIPT is resolved to that of several parameters of the semiconductor. | Thus, the energy conversion efficiency of eq. (6) is the maximum efficiency inherently depend on only the diode. | In conclusion, we investigate the external quantum efficiency and the energy conversion efficiency of negative-illumination photovoltaic power generation of two mid-infrared diodes with different bandgap energy. | We analyze the temperature dependence of the photovoltage with the single homo junction model and estimate the external quantum efficiency and the energy conversion efficiency. | D |
Here χ,γ4𝜒subscript𝛾4\chi,\,\gamma_{4}italic_χ , italic_γ start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 4 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT and γ6subscript𝛾6\gamma_{6}italic_γ start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 6 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT are dimensionless parameters. | It’s important to note that each term within the Kähler potential preserves the R-symmetry, unlike models where primordial black holes are formed with a cubic term in the Kähler potential, albeit at the cost of R𝑅Ritalic_R-symmetry breaking at nonrenormalizable level [32]. | Initially, when hℎhitalic_h is large, the s𝑠sitalic_s-field forms a valley, and as the inflaton moves along this valley during this “slow-roll” phase, the s𝑠sitalic_s-field remains fixed at a particular value. However, at a certain point, the hℎhitalic_h-field encounters a sharp turn while the s𝑠sitalic_s-field is s... | The superpotential presented above has previously been utilized in shifted hybrid inflation models [45], where the scalar component of the gauge singlet field S𝑆Sitalic_S serves as the inflaton, while the GUT Higgs field remains stabilized at a local minimum during inflation. However, in the current investigation, the... | The quartic term is usually employed to stabilize the S𝑆Sitalic_S field at the origin during inflation [58, 59]. As discussed below, the sextic term plays an important role in generating primordial black holes. | D |
We also investigated the temporal evolution of the mean propagating distance D𝐷Ditalic_D across the cluster under assorted impact perturbations. Figure 5(b) delineates the D−τ𝐷𝜏D-\tauitalic_D - italic_τ trajectories for perturbations directed along “b”, “c”, and “d” applied to particle II, which are situated on the ... | To ascertain that our results are not limited to bi-disperse particle clusters, we ran similar simulations with a power-law PSD, P(>d)∼d−3similar-toannotated𝑃absent𝑑superscript𝑑3P(>d)\sim d^{-3}italic_P ( > italic_d ) ∼ italic_d start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT - 3 end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT. We chose 5≤d≤155𝑑155\leq d\leq 155 ≤ ita... | In this work, we developed a proof-of-principle numerical model to gain insight into the dynamic response of granular aggregates to impact disturbances. Through detailed particle-level stress analysis, we identified inherent force chain structures within the clusters. We observed that the velocity response to impact di... | We observed that propagation is “the most efficient” when the disturbance is aligned with the force chain (case “b”) and “the least efficient” when it is perpendicular (case “d”) in the comparison. Here, “more efficient” refers to a scenario in which the slope of D𝐷Ditalic_D is steeper during the rise phase (indicatin... | Consistent with the above, we see in Fig. 5(b) that the initial response (τ≲2×10−3less-than-or-similar-to𝜏2superscript103\tau\lesssim 2\times 10^{-3}italic_τ ≲ 2 × 10 start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT - 3 end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT) to the impact disturbance on a weak-stress surface particle (case “a”) propagates much more slowly than o... | C |
Investigating the efficiency of Hamiltonian learning protocols is of both fundamental and practical interest. For instance, how much total time evolution t, or how many copies n𝑛nitalic_n of an entangled probe quantum state, are required to learn the parameters of the Hamiltonian to error ε𝜀\varepsilonitalic_ε? The f... | Recently, [47] proposed a Heisenberg-limited learning algorithm for a simplified subset of fermionic Hubbard Hamiltonians restricted to real hopping amplitudes and zero chemical potential at all sites, along with on-site interactions.111Our research was performed independently. We only became aware of [47] in the final... | In this paper, we have addressed the problem of learning a class of fermionic Hubbard Hamiltonians of physical interest, with complex hopping amplitudes, nonzero chemical potentials, and on-site interactions. We have shown that the parameters of such Hamiltonians can be learned at the Heisenberg limit, where the total ... | Our protocol consists of a series of experiments, each of which involves parallel preparation of two-mode fermionic Gaussian states that couple modes of the system to fermionic ancilla modes. This is followed by interleaving time evolution with fermionic linear optics (FLO) unitaries, and performing local occupation nu... | A natural next step would be to find a Heisenberg-limited algorithm for our class of fermionic Hubbard Hamiltonians that eliminates the ancilla overhead altogether, for instance by learning appropriate linear combinations of the Hamiltonian parameters from which the individual parameters can be inferred. Furthermore, a... | A |
{2}\kappa}{(\omega_{m}+\Delta)^{2}+\kappa^{2}/4}.divide start_ARG italic_G start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT 2 end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT italic_κ end_ARG start_ARG ( italic_ω start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_m end_POSTSUBSCRIPT - roman_Δ ) start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT 2 end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT + italic_κ start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT 2 end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT / 4 e... | In the third special case, the joint-squeezing proposal is reduced to the case with an independent intracavity squeezing when rs=0subscript𝑟𝑠0r_{s}=0italic_r start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_s end_POSTSUBSCRIPT = 0, in which the quantum noise spectrum becomes | For our proposed joint-squeezing scheme in the presence of both extracavity and intracavity squeezing (ESIS), as manifested by the blue dash-dotted curve in Fig. 4 (a). The final phonon number of the mechanical oscillator is always less than 1 in the domain shown in the diagram. Similar to the independent intracavity s... | In the second special case, our proposed scheme is reduced to the scheme where only extracavity squeezing exists when ϵ=0italic-ϵ0\epsilon=0italic_ϵ = 0. Then the corresponding quantum noise spectrum reads | First of all, the joint-squeezing scheme can be reduced to the common sideband cooling scheme when rs=0,ϵ=0formulae-sequencesubscript𝑟𝑠0italic-ϵ0r_{s}=0,\leavevmode\nobreak\ \epsilon=0italic_r start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_s end_POSTSUBSCRIPT = 0 , italic_ϵ = 0, in which the quantum noise spectrum is simplified as | C |
\epsilon_{\mu\nu\lambda}{\rm Im}[\sigma^{H}_{\lambda}].italic_σ start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT roman_abs end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_μ italic_ν end_POSTSUBSCRIPT ( italic_ω ) = italic_δ start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_μ italic_ν end_POSTSUBSCRIPT roman_Re [ italic_σ start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT italic_L end_POSTSUPERSCRI... | A key example is the f𝑓fitalic_f-sum rule, which defines the plasma frequency and therefore also the effective mass of the electronic degrees of freedom. | Our main results can be summarized in a rewriting of the Kubo formula for conductivity in terms of tQGT in the time domain, and the consequent generalized form for the dissipative sum rules that tie various geometric properties of an insulating system. | The inclusion of the position operator in the Kubo formula is the key to extracting the quantum geometry. | Focusing on gapped quantum systems with charge conservation (see Appendix B), we write the conductivity in a spectral representation in terms of the matrix elements of the position operator | C |
In the first part of our paper, we have derived the neutrino oscillation probabilities in the presence of torsion. We have shown that the appearance channel is mainly sensitive on λ21′superscriptsubscript𝜆21′\lambda_{21}^{\prime}italic_λ start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 21 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_POSTSUPERSCR... | In this section, we will study the capability of DUNE and P2SO to put bounds on the new torsional couplings. It should be noted that the experimental bounds on torsional couplings in electron-electron and lepton-quark sectors are presented in Ref. Chakraborty and Lahiri (2024). In our analysis, to obtain the bound on t... | Next, we studied the capability of DUNE and P2SO to put bound on the torsional couplings. When we take one parameter at a time, we find that P2SO gives more stringent bound on both the parameters than DUNE. | Now let us consider the case when both the torsion coupling constants are taken at the same time. In Fig. 6, we have shown contours in the λ21′−λ31′superscriptsubscript𝜆21′superscriptsubscript𝜆31′\lambda_{21}^{\prime}-\lambda_{31}^{\prime}italic_λ start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 21 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_P... | This is because of the large background of P2SO which limits its capability to measure λ21′superscriptsubscript𝜆21′\lambda_{21}^{\prime}italic_λ start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 21 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT ′ end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT. However, if we take both the parameters at the same time, the upper bounds on these para... | B |
Finally, in the last phase, we map the 3333-bit load reactances into a practical and equivalent set of shorted and open CPW strips, as detailed in Table IV. | From this result we can deduce that the anomalous reflection property of the designed surface is strong at least for 26262626-28282828 GHz, and that increasing the frequency decreases the reflection angle, as indicated by Eq. (4). The above analysis confirms that the fixed anomalous reflector prototype performs satisfa... | A passive and fixed anomalous reflector prototype is designed, manufactured, and measured to assess the anomalous reflection performance. Based on the array factor approximation analysis derived for infinite supercell-level arrays in Section II-C, we choose a 48×48484848\times 4848 × 48 array with a practical size for ... | The manufactured 65°65°65\degree65 ° reflector sample undergoes experimental testing in an anechoic chamber to carry out bistatic scattering cross-section (SCS) measurements with the device under test (DUT) securely mounted on a stationary tripod. The PCB dimensions for the anomalous reflector sample measure approxima... | We estimate the Fraunhofer distance to be approximately 4.044.044.044.04 meters, noting that the measurement is a radiating near field measurement, producing a quite reliable main lobe shape and magnitude, but less accurate side lobe data. The measurements are carried out at 26262626 GHz with the receiving antenna movi... | C |
The term Exc[n(𝐫)]subscript𝐸𝑥𝑐delimited-[]𝑛𝐫E_{xc}[n(\textbf{r})]italic_E start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_x italic_c end_POSTSUBSCRIPT [ italic_n ( r ) ] in equation 1, referred to as the exchange-correlation functional, encompasses the corrections to the kinetic energy that arise due to the interacting nature of e... | Nine GGA exchange-correlation functionals were examined for their adherence to the local conditions of Table 1. First to be examined are non-empirical functionals, which are built to satisfy a number of exact conditions. For example, the non-empirical functional PBE by construction satisfies several energetically signi... | First, we investigate non-empirical GGA functionals for violations to local conditions. For the three non-empirical functionals, namely PBE, PW91 and AM05, Figure 3 shows the distribution of EVIs for all local conditions. EVIs are computed over the set of neutral closed shell molecules in the W4-11 database for each fu... | While the exact exchange-correlation functional remains elusive, its analytical properties have guided and continue to guide functional development4. These analytical properties are referred to as exact conditions. Functionals that were constructed to satisfy a number of these exact conditions are generally referred to... | This study examines a selection of non-empirical and semi-empirical generalized gradient approximation (GGA) exchange-correlation functionals. Our investigation assesses these functionals for potential deviations from local conditions for a diverse range of molecules (Figure 1). Errors in total and relative energies pr... | C |
It is worth emphasizing that the objective of this work is to identify anomalies in a general sense rather than tailoring to specific classes, and therefore, this work does not rely on specific information about the anomalous classes defined (see §3.4). The only specific attribute used is the estimated frequency of ano... | The learned latent space exhibits clear separation between common and anomalous transient classes, and our preliminary analysis suggests the potential for real-time anomaly detection using limited early-time observations. The pre-trigger information encoded by our RNN enables our model to identify anomalous transients ... | Given the complexity of our deep learning approach, it’s important to examine how the sparsity of light curve sampling affects anomaly detection performance. Sparsely sampled light curves from common classes could potentially be assigned large anomaly scores if the model struggles to accurately represent them in the la... | Identifying anomalies in real-time is important for obtaining early-time follow-up observations, which is crucial for understanding their physical mechanisms and progenitor systems. However, directly assessing our architecture’s real-time performance is challenging due to the irregular sampling of light curves in our i... | This input format has two major advantages. Firstly, it eliminates the need for interpolation methods to pass sequential data into our model. Interpolation or imputation is often needed in astronomical transient classifiers as observations are recorded at irregular intervals. For real-time light curve tasks, linear int... | B |
The main feature of quasinormal spectrum of black holes in asymptotically de Sitter space is that there are essentially two branches of modes: perturbative in ΛΛ\Lambdaroman_Λ, which tends to the Schwarzschild modes when Λ→0→Λ0\Lambda\rightarrow 0roman_Λ → 0, and non-perturbative ones which tend to modes of empty de Si... | The main feature of quasinormal spectrum of black holes in asymptotically de Sitter space is that there are essentially two branches of modes: perturbative in ΛΛ\Lambdaroman_Λ, which tends to the Schwarzschild modes when Λ→0→Λ0\Lambda\rightarrow 0roman_Λ → 0, and non-perturbative ones which tend to modes of empty de Si... | Quasinormal modes of various dilaton-like black holes, including those coupled to the higher curvature corrections, were considered in numerous publications Ferrari:2000ep ; Carson:2020ter ; Malybayev:2021lfq ; Pani:2009wy ; Konoplya:2019hml ; Zinhailo:2019rwd ; Lopez-Ortega:2009jpx ; Kokkotas:2017ymc ; Konoplya:2001ji... | In the empty de Sitter spacetime, that is, when M=0𝑀0M=0italic_M = 0, the exact solution for quasinormal modes is known Lopez-Ortega:2012xvr ; Lopez-Ortega:2007vlo , which is given by the following two expressions: | We have also studied quasinormal frequencies of the massless Dirac field and shown that the asymptotic decay is again governed by the de Sitter branch of quasinormal modes. The fundamental mode is strongly suppressed when the cosmological constant is turned on. | C |
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