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Tetanus is caused by | Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani. It produces two toxins: tetanolysin and tetanospasmin. Tetanospasmin is responsible for tetanus. Tetanus is characterized by tonic muscular spasms usually commencing at the site of infection later become generalized, involving the whole of the somatic muscular system. Reference:... | 2 | Clostridium perfringens | Clostridium tetani | Staphylococcus aureus | Bacillus cereus | Microbiology | Bacteriology | 7bd6f3e0-1248-4c1c-a183-e6bdb522f23b | single |
Which of the following is false regarding first degree burns | First degree burns: Involves only epidermis, painful but donot blister, protective functions are intact as nd heals without scar Second degree burns: Dermal involvement and are extremely painful with weeping and blisters Third degree burns: Leathery, painless and non blanching | 2 | Pain is the chief symptom | Blister formation | Protective functions of skin are intact | No residual scar | Anatomy | General anatomy | c3f1d5d4-1240-4f8d-a467-3d603257ed38 | multi |
A child requires how much energy per day (Kcal/ day)? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., 1000-1500 | 1 | 1000-1500 | 1600-2000 | 2000-2500 | 2500-3000 | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 6219f420-ffa7-4c01-9538-00528e12ed91 | single |
Lack of beta-oxidation of fatty acid leads to? | Lack of beta-oxidation of fatty acids leads to the accumulation of dicarboxylic acids. Dicarboxylic aciduria is caused by a lack of mitochondrial medium-chain acylCoA dehydrogenase. It is characterized by 1. Excretion of C -C o-dicarboxylic acids in the urine. 2.Nonketotic hypoglycemia Reference: Harper's Illustrated B... | 3 | Oxidation of branched chain fatty acids | Phytanic acid accumulation | Dicarboxylic acid accumulation | Formation of propionic acid | Biochemistry | Metabolism of lipid | b47b93bd-7dfd-4a7f-acc6-8e0cc1df8609 | single |
Posterior styphayloma is a feature of- | Posterior staphyloma. It refers to bulge of weak sclera lined by the choroid behind the equator. Here again the common causes are pathological myopia, posterior scleritis and perforating injuries. It is diagnosed on ophthalmoscopy. The area is excavated with retinal vessels dipping in it (just like marked cupping of op... | 3 | Congential myopia | Simple myopia | Pathological myopia | Hypermetropia | Ophthalmology | Cornea and sclera | 438e88dd-50f2-41d0-9103-80855de47888 | single |
Which intravenous anaesthetic agent has analgesic effect also | Ketamine does not elicit pain on injection, instead produces profound analgesia. Thiopentone at a concentration greater than 2.5% can produce pain on injection and venous thrombosis. Propofol is formulated as a lipid emulsion which causes pain on injection. A new aqueous prodrug, Fospropofol is associated with less pai... | 4 | Thiopentone | Propofol | Etomidate | Ketamine | Anaesthesia | Intravenous Anesthetic Agents | 21456abb-abf8-4107-9938-a952a12fa23e | single |
Which of the following statements concerning sensorineural hearing loss in children with bacterial meningitis are TRUE? | Sensorineural hearing loss is detected by evoked-response audiometry in between 5 and 10% of children with bacterial meningitis. Up to 30% of children with meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae will have hearing deficits. Hearing loss generally is noted early in the course of bacterial meningitis and occurs despite prompt... | 4 | It occurs rarely (less than 5% of cases) | It occurs more commonly when Haemophilus influenza type B rather than Streptococcus pneumonia is the causative organism of the meningitis | Its onset often is late in the clinical course, after discontinuation of antimicrobial therapy | Prompt institution of antimicrobial therapy appears not to influence the incidence | Medicine | null | b30974b1-f0cb-41c4-a641-0b5bbc56c081 | multi |
Bacterial communication with each other in a biofilm is known as | null | 3 | Corncob formations | Coaggregation | Quorum sensing | Translocation | Dental | null | 3d9a8c57-8f95-4e06-a0b2-aa0d25e69148 | single |
Burden of disease is detected by | Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) is a measure of overall disease burden expressed as a number of years lost due to ill health, disability or early death. Ref: 25th edition Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Page no. 26 | 1 | DALY | Sullivan's Index | IMR | Survival index | Social & Preventive Medicine | Concept of health and disease | a802e0ae-1f5a-4802-98f7-568bbc9d75d1 | single |
Choose the wrong statement about osteomyelitis | null | 3 | Sickle cell anemia - Salmonella | HIV - Staph aureus | Post surgical - Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Diabetic Ulcer - Anaerobes | Orthopaedics | null | d260cb59-0f7d-422d-b49b-dbcb7b43ede5 | multi |
In treatment of shock Dobutamine is preferred over Dopamine because? | ANSWER: (D) All of the aboveREF: KDT 5th edp.470DopamineActs on D1 , D2 , alpha and betal receptorsLow doses: renal vasodilation (D1 action)Moderate doses: Positive ionotropism (betal action) High doses: Vasoconstriction ( alphal action)DobutamineRelatively betalspecific agonistIonotropic i.e increases force of cardiac... | 4 | It causes less arrhythmia | It causes less renal vasodilatation | It causes less coronary vasoconstriction | All the above | Pharmacology | A.N.S. | a769576d-2631-4093-a657-6c23392d069f | multi |
Which of the following should be avoided in the long-term follow-up of a renal transplant recipient on ciclosporin? | The potential for hazardous drug interactions in patients undergoing long term immunosuppression means that paicular care is needed with prescribing. The following should be avoided in renal transplant receipients Administer live vaccines Prescribe drugs that induce or inhibit cytochrome P450 activity if patient is tak... | 4 | Administer live vaccines | Prescribe drugs that inhibit cytochrome P450 activity | Prescribe NSAIDs | All of the above | Medicine | null | 122ceee8-bd02-440f-9e1f-3eea92022339 | multi |
In Cleidocranial dysostosis, sometimes the roots of the permanent teeth are | null | 2 | Thin and Long | Thin and short | Thick and short | Fused | Pathology | null | fd0b6094-077b-4aa0-93e9-9e966dbbe3e2 | single |
VWF factor deficiency causes: | Deficiency of Von willebrand factor (VWF -promote platelet adherence and activation) causes | Platelet adhesion ( |BT ) | Intrinsic pathway activity ( | aPTT) | Factor VIII in plasma C/F Mucosal bleeding - Petechiae /purpura /epistaxis / melena Tissue bleeding Rx - Desmopressin for mild form - Cryoprecipitate for sever... | 4 | | Platelet adhesion | | Factor VIII in plasma | Defective platelet adhesion | All of the above | Pathology | Hematology | 7425a470-4b4f-4865-ac50-043b6485f2e5 | multi |
A case of hepatocellular carcinoma involving segment IV and VI without any metastasis in a 62 year old alcoholic may be treated by all of the following except - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Cryotherapy o There are large number of treatment options for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma:# The only t/t modality with curative potential is- "Complete excision of hepatocellular carcinoma either by partial hepatectomy or by total hepatectomy and transplant"# Radiofrequency ablation and sur... | 4 | Total hepatectomy and liver transplant | Radiation therapy | Chemoembolization | Cryotherapy | Unknown | null | d74b52c9-42ac-4f5a-a286-8481fde2904f | multi |
Nutrition for ameloblast, immediately at the beginning of dentinogenesis occurs in | null | 1 | Stellate reticulum | Dental Papilla | Dental sac | None of the above | Dental | null | 7a1c9c52-b862-40cd-b25f-e53c2d5d59bb | multi |
Paial mole is | Paial mole : Karyotype is triploid either 69XXY or 69XYY One maternal and usually two paternal haploid chromosomes Ref: Dutta Obs 9e pg 186. | 3 | Haploid | Diploid | Triploid | Polypoid | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | General obstetrics | d3432ce5-b09f-4853-81b8-aeffb112ff91 | single |
All of the following are causes microcytic hypochromic anemia except: March 2011, March 2013 | Ans. D: Fanconi's anemiaThe red cells in aplastic anemia are usually slightly macrocytic and normochromicFanconi anemia (rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by defects in a multiprotein complex that is required for DNA repair) underlie some forms of aplastic anemia.Conditions causing microcytic, hypochromic anemia... | 4 | Lead poisoning | Thalassemia | Iron deficiency anemia | Fanconi's anemia | Pathology | null | cf3b5d9f-0629-40c6-9b45-a3a7e0d39970 | multi |
Gonococcus resistant structure is | B i.e. Testis | 2 | Urethra | Testis | Fallopian Tube | Ampulla of cervix | Skin | null | 63052ac0-d085-466f-b5ed-83bc70ecb12b | multi |
In a patient who underwent post molar evacuation by dilatation and curettage. Which of the following test used to define successful removal of H. Mole : | Ans-A Beta HCGMONITORING* After suction Evacuation: We send weekly serum b-HCG. Till they Become Normal.Avg. time for HCG to Came Back to Normal* After a complete Mole - 9 weeks* After a partial Mole - 7 weeks* After a Molar - 9 weeks* Once HCG is Normal* We send HCG values Monthly x6 months | 1 | Beta HCG | Per speculum | Progesterone | USG | Unknown | null | f2193754-6e61-4fb9-9446-890d3ca128ce | single |
Injury from application of fluid above 60 or from steam is called | Scalds A scald is an injury from the application of fluid above 60 or from steam. Because of the cooling of the liquid due to evaporation, the lesion due to scald is not very deep. However the latent heat of the viscid fluid is high and hence, the penetration capacity of heat of such liquids is more. Thus an injury cau... | 4 | Hypothermia | Frost bite | Burns | Scalds | Forensic Medicine | Thermal injury | 7eeb5b9d-5743-490f-ad48-396858bc33c9 | multi |
Prerequisite for applying forceps are all except:September 2007 | Ans. C: Saggital suture should be in line with transverse diameter of pelvisConditions to be fulfilled prior to forceps operation:The fetal head must be engagedCervix must be fully dilatedMembranes must be rupturedThe position and station of the fetal head must be knownNo major CPDAdequate analgesiaBladder must be empt... | 3 | Aftercoming head of breech | There should be no CPD | Saggital suture should be in line with transverse diameter of pelvis | Foetal head should be engaged | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | a7035018-dcf6-4a13-afcf-d79aed6ffb3d | multi |
Which one of the following is not used as a tumor marker in testicular tumours ? | Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) describes a set of highly related glycoproteins involved in cell adhesion. CEA is normally produced in gastrointestinal tissue during fetal development, but the production stops before bih. Therefore, CEA is usually present only at very low levels in the blood of healthy adults. However, ... | 4 | AFP | LDH | HCG | CEA | Pathology | General pathology | ff5e03b2-c177-4f70-a7bc-7e6f4dcfb458 | single |
MRP2 transpoer defect leads to development of? | MRP2 defect: Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), an ATP-dependent canalicular membrane transpoer. It is defective in Dubin Johnson syndrome. This protein is encoded by gene known as ABCC2 Gene which is mutated. Dubin Johnson syndrome- It is an autosomal recessive disorder occurs due to defect in MRP-2 pro... | 2 | Menke's disease | Dubin Johnson syndrome | Familial intrahepatic cholestasis | Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis | Medicine | Hereditary Hyperbilirubinemia & Jaundice | 53c41481-4334-49cf-adad-0f576c3f4034 | single |
Dematome of middle finger: | For thumb C6 For index and middle finger C7 For ring and little finger C8 | 3 | C5 | C6 | C7 | C8 | Orthopaedics | Ohopaedics Q Bank | 67f2b676-1786-484b-8c89-77373e35b2b4 | single |
Insulin resistance state causing hyperglycemia is present in - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Acromegaly o Endocrinopathies associated with hvperglvcia and insulin resistance state are:# Acromegaly# Cushing syndrome# Hyperthyroidism# Pheochromocytoma# Glucagonoma | 1 | Acromegaly | Osteomalacia | Liver cellcarcinoma | Somatostatinoma | Pathology | Endocrine Pancreas | 248bf44a-e074-4c6f-a2a2-dd9374aed03f | single |
After 3rd stage of labour and expulsion of placenta, patient is bleeding heavily. Ideal management would include all except: March 2005 | Ans. C: APGAR Scoring APGAR scoring is done for the assessment of newborn and has nothing to be done with control of uterine bleed. The underlying principle in active management of the third stage is to excite powerful contractions following bih of the anterior shoulder by parenteral oxytocirV ergometrine/ uterine mass... | 3 | Check for placenta in uterus | Check for laceration of labia | APGAR scoring | Uterine massage and I/V oxytocin | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 9a40c0f1-ea2c-42a5-8068-55e675899a1f | multi |
A 77-year-old woman presents with headaches and difficulty walking. She has an unbalanced gait and falls easily, especially when trying to walk upstairs. The tone is normal and there are no cerebellar findings. A CT scan reveals enlarged ventricles.For the above patient with neurologic symptoms, select the most likely ... | Adults may develop hydrocephalus as a result of occlusion of CSF pathways by tumors in the third ventricle, brain stem, or posterior fossa. In adults, the symptoms of obstructive hydrocephalus include headache, lethargy, malaise, incoordination, and weakness. Seizures do not usually occur. Dementia, altered consciousne... | 1 | aqueductal stenosis | infectious process | enlarged foramina of Luschka | agenesis of the corpus callosum | Medicine | C.N.S. | 9c42e5c8-c5a8-48f7-bf75-b4addb7a061f | multi |
What is the most common problem following surgical treament of pterygium? | Recurrence of the pterygium after surgical excision is the most comon problem after pterigium excision and is seen in 30-50 % of the cases. Reference : AK Khurana 7th edition page.89 | 1 | Recurrence | Corneal ulceration | Astigmatism | Scleral scarring | Ophthalmology | Conjunctiva | 75043984-2c65-40da-967f-da6e913eba7b | single |
Ghon's focus reflects: September 2005 | Ans. B: Primary complex Only a very small percent of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infections result in disease, and even a smaller percentage of MTB infections progress to an advanced stage. The bacilli is engulfed by alveolar macrophages multiply and give rise to a subpleural focus of tuberculous pneumonia, common... | 2 | Miliary tuberculosis | Primary complex | Tuberculous lymphadenitis | Post primary tuberculosis | Microbiology | null | 8d6aedae-e0f5-4537-b5fc-69fad7b61479 | single |
A child suffering from asthma is to be treated with a drug that blocks the synthesis of leukotrienes. What drug would be an appropriate choice | zileuton mech of action:- It is a 5-LOX(lipoxygenase) inhibitor, blocks LTC4/D4 as well as LTB4 synthesis. It therefore has the potential to prevent all LT induced responses including those exeed by activation of cysLT1 receptor. Duration of action of zileuton is sho. side effects:- Hepatotoxicity | 3 | Cromolyn sodium | Montelukast | Zileuton | Theophylline | Pharmacology | Respiratory system | e5f1f933-d2f2-41c4-84b5-2a892e57ac1e | single |
Lactose fermentation is seen in - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., MacConkey agar o Culture on differential media that contain special dyes and carbohydrates distinguishes lactose-fermenting (colored) from non-lactose-fermenting (non-pigmented) colonies and may allow rapid presumptive identification of enteric bacteria.o Such media, used to see lactose fermentation, ... | 3 | Blood agar | Chocolate agar | MacConkey agar | LJ medium | Microbiology | General | 3476c910-9943-4cc2-bbda-09da397e76bd | single |
In burns heat loss is by/ due to - | null | 3 | Dilatation of veins | Shock | Exposed area by evaporation | None of the above | Surgery | null | 6146a986-c272-431a-a865-8c9aa000b9d7 | multi |
Stage of contraction of family starts at - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Leaving home of first child Basic model of nuclear family life cyclePhases of family life cycleEvents characterizingNo. DescriptionBeginning of phaseEnd of phaseI FormationII ExtensionIII Complete extensionIV ContractionV Competed contractionVI DissolutionMarriageBirth of 1st childBirth of last child1... | 4 | Marriage | Birth of first child | Birth of last child | Leaving home of first child | Social & Preventive Medicine | Social Science | f44c562f-f0fb-4968-ba34-90565609b0cc | single |
Crescent fracture is | null | 1 | Fracture of iliac crest | Fracture of coccyx | Fracture of calcaneum | Fracture of Atlas | Orthopaedics | null | 9ce5e5f6-adfc-44ab-bed6-9dfacfa6266c | single |
Most pathogenic species of candida is | C. albicans is most common and most pathogenic. | 3 | C. tropicalis | C. krusei | C. albicans | C. Stellatoidea | Microbiology | null | 09e92cee-f5f0-4466-8d45-4e0ca9795bdd | single |
The inheritance pattern of familial retinoblastomas is ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., AD | 1 | AD | AR | X linked dominant | X linked recessive | Pathology | null | bb322e6c-c7b6-4411-b111-461b00898ac1 | single |
The most common physical sign of cerebral metastasis- | null | 2 | Epilepsy | Focal neurological deficit | Papilloedema | Visual defects | Medicine | null | e7e97e50-5864-4ead-91e5-f35d993f8b86 | single |
All of the following are true about excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle except that | Ca2+ binds to troponin C (not Tropomyosin) to initiate muscle contraction. Ref: Ganong&;s Review of Medical Physiology 26th edition Pgno: 105 | 4 | Acetylcholine is released at the nerve terminal | Ca2+ is released from sarcoplasmic reticulum during contraction | Ca2+ is pumped back into sarcoplasmic reticulum during relaxation | Ca2+ binds to tropomyosin to initiate muscle contraction | Physiology | General physiology | 1d6d9de0-8653-412a-a58a-b093ce99e2ef | multi |
Aqueous humor is produced by the | Aqueous humor is produced by the ciliary processes of the ciliary body. It flows from the posterior chamber, through the pupil, into the anterior chamber, and finally to the canal of Schlemm, which empties into the extraocular/episcleral veins. | 3 | Choroid plexus | Trabecular meshwork | Ciliary processes | Vitreous body | Anatomy | Eye, Nose and Ear | 1b0fc7b8-2756-4886-92f6-fcaf3fb4dc7b | single |
In Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, diffuse lymphadenopathy in a person who is clinically well is usually a sign of which of the following? | null | 4 | Lymphoma | Kaposi's sarcoma | Tuberculosis | Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy | Medicine | null | aebf68d3-8317-41b9-a0fa-493e7fde24bc | multi |
Met-tRNA would recognize: | Ans. AUG(Ref: Harper 31/e page 395)The first AUG sequence after the marker sequence is defined as the start codon.AUG codon binds with met tRNAI | 1 | AUG | GCA | GUA | UAC | Biochemistry | Molecular Genetics | d7f2744c-3528-4e32-a40b-9cc912472bd0 | single |
Which of the following tests helps to differentiate between concomitant squint and paralytic squint | Cover tests 1) Direct cover test: It confirms the presence of manifest squint. To perform it, the patient is asked to fixate on a point light. Then, the normal looking eye is covered while observing the movement of the uncovered eye. In the presence of squint the uncovered eye will move in opposite direction to take fi... | 1 | Alternate cover test | Cover-uncover test | Direct cover test | None of the above | Ophthalmology | Ocular motility and squint | b40f140e-3bb9-42ce-ab33-d5c013d82edc | multi |
Teaching children about the side effects of taking drugs comes under: March 2013 (e) | Ans. D i.e. Primordial prevention Primordial prevention It consists of actions and measures that inhibit the emergence of risk factors in the form of environmental, economic, social, and behavioral conditions and cultural patterns of living etc. For example, many adult health problems (e.g., obesity, hypeension) have t... | 4 | Primary level of prevention | Secondary level of prevention | Teiary level of prevention | Primordial prevention | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | a13ad961-47de-4cdc-8008-c3838c168be4 | single |
Which sinus is present over falx cerebelli? | Occipital sinus is the smallest sinus, situated along the attached margin of falx cerebelli.Straight sinus runs along the line of attachment of falx cerebelli with the tentorium cerebelliInferior petrosal sinus lies in the groove between the petrous temporal bone and clivus of sphenoid.Sigmoid sinus lies between the tw... | 4 | Sigmoid sinus | Inferior petrosal sinus | Straight sinus | Occipital sinus | Anatomy | Brain | 40cb25b4-c853-4ffc-962a-a30e0147ba1c | single |
Most common type of injury in the oro-facial region is: | null | 1 | Laceration | Contusion. | Abrasion. | All of the above. | Dental | null | 1ddae89d-d143-4442-a0ec-a8922b120150 | multi |
Duplex steel is made up of: | Duplex stainless steel is a combination of both ferritic and austenitic grains of stainless steel. The basic chemical composition of duplex stainless steel is an equal mix of ferrite and austenite. This combination creates some very beneficial properties for this family of stainless steels. | 3 | Martensitic steel and austenitic steel | Ferritic grain of stainless steel | Ferritic + austenitic grains of stainless steel | Ferritic + martensitic grains of stainless steel | Dental | null | 13ccef1b-daea-46f7-aa24-1d0213342a4b | single |
While dispatching blood and urine for chemical analysis, sodium fluoride is added as preservative in the following concentration - | 10 mg/ml of Na-fluride (i.e. 100 mg/10 ml) is used with 3 mg of potassium oxalate for preserving blood. | 4 | 30 mg/10 ml | 40 mg/10 ml | 50 mg/ ml | 100 mg/10 ml | Forensic Medicine | null | 589c7150-9614-4eb4-a203-58c0cb21f6a1 | single |
In an Rh negative mother who has delivered an Rh positive baby, prophylactic anti D is indicated: | If the Indirect Coomb's test (ICT) negative | 1 | If the Indirect Coomb's test (ICT) negative | If the ICT is positive | If the ICT is positive with rising titres | As a routine procedure | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 1aef205f-4373-4de4-9fed-b027fef1d8a2 | single |
The limit of loudness expressed as decibels that people can tolerate without substanial damage to their hearing is - | Sound in dB Effect 20 Whispering 40 Quiet library 60 Normal conversation 70 heavy street traffic 80 printing press 85 Recommended maximum 110 Train passing through station 120 Motor car horn 140 Threshold of pain 150-160 Mechanical damage Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 25th edition, Page No. 802 | 4 | 55 | 65 | 75 | 85 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and health | a3c63108-a79a-49f9-bf16-19878957d28c | single |
Highest amount iron is seen in - | Food rich in haem iron are liver, meat, poultry and fish. REF. PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICAL 21ST EDITION. PAGE NO - 622 | 2 | Milk | Meat | Spinach | Jaggery | Social & Preventive Medicine | Nutrition and health | 111252be-f36a-4235-a6c6-64d2417be6de | single |
Drugs which cause both physical and psychological dependence are | All the above-mentioned drugs produce both physical and psychological dependence in varying degrees Ref: Essentials of postgraduate psychiatry By JN Vyas 1st ed Pg 326 | 4 | Morphine | Alcohol | Nicotine | All the above | Psychiatry | Substance abuse | 01d6fe62-8a70-490d-94d2-ce2f73b5ff0b | multi |
Which of the following is the shoest acting non-depolarizing muscle relaxant (NDMR) and causes bronchospasm? | Rapacuronium has a rapid onset of action, minimal cardiovascular side effects, and a sho duration of action. It was withdrawn by the manufacturer following several repos of serious bronchospasm, including a few unexplained fatalities. Histamine release may have been a factor. Ref: Morgan, Jr. G.E., Mikhail M.S., Murray... | 2 | Succinyl choline | Rapacuronium | Atracurium | Pancuronium | Anaesthesia | null | 056063d7-c361-4fcb-bf02-4c65e461d155 | single |
If stage lb cervical cancer is diagnosed in a young woman, while performing radical hysterectomy which structure would you not remove | Ovaries are not removed in radical hysterectomy if not diseased Types of Hysterectomy Type I : Extrafascial Hysterectomy Simple total abdominal hysterectomy with or without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy Type II: Modified Radical Hysterectomy Removes the medial half of cardinal and uterosacral ligaments Type II differ... | 3 | Uterosacral and uterovesical ligament | Pelvic Lymph nodes | periureteral tissues | Upper third of vagina | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Gynaecological oncology | 0a967037-b2f5-42ee-a676-5dce12cacacc | single |
Maximum margin of excision is needed for: | Margins of excision: Malignant melanoma: Margins to be taken depends on the tumor thickness and depth of invasion* < 1mm thickness - 1 cm margin* 1-4 mm thickness - 2cm margin* > 4mm thickness - 2-3 cm margin BCC: If tumor is non-aggressive involving trunk or extremities -Wide Local Excision If tumor is aggressive invo... | 4 | Malignant melanoma | BCC | SCC | Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans | Surgery | Oncology | 214275ed-96de-4db2-ab10-5b94245837fc | single |
ALL are true regarding Anaemia of Chronic, Diseases, except - | null | 2 | Decreased serum Fe | Decreased Ferritin | Decreased Total Fe Binding Capacity | Increased Bone Marrow Fe | Medicine | null | b7ad612e-063c-410d-a543-9000e5a0b71a | multi |
The best X Ray view for minimal pleural effusion | D i.e. Lateral decubitus | 4 | A - P | PA | Lateral | Lateral decubitus | Radiology | null | d1bc93da-bf38-4fd6-a927-cf0b3d0319fa | single |
A30-years-old primipara in labor with transverse lie. Treatment of choice is: | Ans. is b, i.e. Emergency cesarean sectionRef Dutta Obs. 9/e, p 372; Williams Obs. 22/e, p 510, 23/e, p 478Patients in labor with transverse lie can be managed by external cephalic version followed by surgical rupture of the membrane.But it is important to note that the patient is a primigravida with age 30 years, i.e.... | 2 | Internal cephalic version | Emergency cesarean section | Wait and watch | External cephalic version | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Malpresentation | 89646cc1-f78c-44db-bd6f-28caf436b6f0 | single |
Palmer sign seen in pregnancy is? | ANSWER: (B) Rhythmic contaction of uterusREF: Dutta 6th ed p. 65SIGNFEATURESEEN INJacqemiers sign or chadwick's signDusk)!- blue hue of vagina due to congestion8th week of pregnancy and fibroidOslanders signIncreased pulsations felt through lateral fornix8th week and PIDGoodell's signSoftening of cervix when it feels l... | 2 | Pulsation in lateral fornix | Rhythmic contaction of uterus | Softening of uterus | Bluish colouration of vagina | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Diagnosis of Pregnancy | 3ecf62bb-66fe-44bc-a013-fa2b2a1f7fa2 | single |
18 months old child cellulitis of leg Sp02 88%, no prior history of hospitalization or illness most probable organism is? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Streptococcal pyogenes Cellulitis is characterized by infection and inflammation of loose connective tissue, with limited involvement of the dermis and relative sparing of the epidermis. Streptococcus pyogenes and S. aureus are the most common etiologic agents. Children with relapsed nephrotic syndrom... | 3 | MRSA | Streptococcus pneumonia | Streptococcal pyogenes | All of above | Pediatrics | null | 4d15641d-b144-4fb7-9286-eaaab3f599fa | multi |
Provocative Test for detecting CDH? | Ans. b (Barlow test) (Ref Maheshwari orthopedics 4th/87).All newborn babies should be screened for hip instability by a skilled examiner using the Barlow and Ortolani tests. The baby should be relaxed and the hips flexed to 90 degree. It is possible to reduce a dislocated hip by abduction and gentle forward pressure (O... | 2 | Peterson test | Barlow test | Perkin's test | Von Rosen tests | Orthopaedics | Congenital Dislocation of Hip (C.D.H.) | 24cb0baf-7b93-4162-bbb2-b014d257fafd | single |
A 25-year-old man has a negative Dick test and a positive Schick test. These results indicate that he has | The patient has a negative Dick test and a positive Schick test, which indicates that he has neutralizing antibodies against the group A streptococcus that causes scarlet fever. In both tests, the antigen that is injected is the toxin. If neutralizing antibodies are present, they neutralize the toxin and skin reactions... | 2 | Neutralizing antibodies against diphtheria | Neutralizing antibodies against scarlet fever | A defect in cellular immunity | Had the full complement of diphtheria penussis tetanus (DPT) shots as a child | Microbiology | Immunology | 1610bf6a-c450-46d2-b9bb-ed35de3ac5f5 | single |
Dead bone is seen on the X-ray as: | null | 2 | More radiolucent | More radiopaque | With osteophytes growing out | Soap-bubble appearance | Surgery | null | e96486dd-7e35-4e6d-8b01-62feb827a8a1 | single |
Commonest intrabronchial cause of haemoptysis is | The two most common causes for haemoptysis are bronchitis and bronchiogenic carcinoma. Bronchitis is not provided amongst the options and hence bronchiogenic carcinoma is the single best answer of choice Ref Harrison 19th edition pg 227 | 1 | Carcinoma lung | Adenoma lung | Emphysema | Bronchiectasis | Anatomy | Respiratory system | 69a79c00-a1ae-499f-a849-8b815dc01a0c | single |
A female presented with swelling over angle of mouth. Investigation shows pleomorphic adenoma of the superficial lobe.Treatment of choice is: | Pleomorphic adenomas, or benign mixed tumors, are the most common neoplasms of the salivary glands. They represent approximately 60-70% of all parotid tumors and 90% of submandibular benign tumors. The mixture of epithelial, myoepithelial, and stromal elements is represented by the name, benign mixed tumor. Any of thes... | 1 | Superficial parotidectomy | Radical parotidectomy | Enucleation | Radiotherapy | Surgery | null | 7c4f353f-1b5e-4684-9ce0-420f627b4709 | single |
A young woman complains of recurrent rhinitis, nasal discharge and bilateral nasal blockage since one year. She also had history of allergy and asthma. On examination, multiple polyps with mucosal thickening and impacted secretions are seen in nasal, cavities. Biopsy was taken and the material on culture showed many hy... | Patient is suffering from allergic fungal sinusitis caused by aspergillus. Septate hyphae which show dichotonomous branching at 45 degree are characteristics of aspergillus. Allergic fungal sinusitis patients suffer from chronic sinusitis, nasal polyp, asthma and atopy. Ref: Textbook of Microbiology and Immunology By P... | 2 | Rhizopus | Aspergilus | Mucor | Candida | Microbiology | null | 7699c8f7-a555-4847-82ca-927f2563c8e7 | multi |
Anti - mullerian Hormone is | AMH is a Glycoprotein, declines progressively with menopause. | 2 | Glycolipid secreted by granulosa cells of secondary follicle. | Indirectly reflects primordial follicle pool. | Increase progressively across menopausal transition. | Secreted by mullerian duct derivatives. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 22320d2e-1faf-4ed4-bb62-50871af580e3 | single |
Separation for the period of communicability of infected persons in such places or under such conditions as prevent transmission of infectious agent to the susceptible is known as: | Isolation: Separation for the period of communicability of infected persons in such places or under such conditions as prevent transmission of infectious agent to the susceptible. Quarantine: It is the limitation of movement of such well persons or animals exposed to communicable diseases for a period usually not longe... | 4 | Quarantine | Segregation | Modified quarantine | Isolation | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 219bc906-ef44-4830-a122-5aee20bac905 | single |
Cellulose is a: | Option b : Cellulose is a non-starch homopolysaccharide Cellulose unbranched, non-starch homopolysaccharide It is made up of glucose molecules linked by beta (1- 4) glucosidic linkages (see fig). This linkage can't be broken down by any human enzyme due to beta anomerism at C-1. Intestinal bacteria ferments cellulose t... | 2 | Fructose polymer | Non-starch polysaccharide | Starch polysaccharide | Glycosaminoglycan | Biochemistry | Classification of carbohydrate | b401e081-63a4-476b-b079-b0d06efaf224 | single |
Infection in renal transplant patient is usually caused by - | null | 1 | CMV | HIV | Herpes | Salmonella | Surgery | null | fc55ebd2-0819-400a-979c-4728fffa575a | multi |
Which of the following carries the least risk of Metabolic side effects | Ziprasidone, Aripiprazole & Asenapine carries negligible risk of metabolic side effects like weight gain, hyperlipidemia. | 3 | Risperidone | Olanzapine | Ziprasidone | Clozapine | Pharmacology | null | efed3341-8c27-406f-aa57-142a92976949 | single |
True regarding Crohn's disease are all except | The skin involvement in Crohn's disease causes erythema nodosum, scleroderma does not occur in Crohn's disease.
Other extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease:
1. Migratory polyarthritis
2. Sacroiliitis
3. Ankylosing spondylitis
4. Uveitis
5.. Hepatic pericholangitis
6. Primary scleros... | 1 | Scleroderma | Transmural involvement | Cobble stone appearance | Skin involvement | Pathology | null | aab9e569-6453-4c57-acba-a636aef245d7 | multi |
Prolonged treatment with INH leads to a deficiency of? | Isoniazid can cause peripheral neuropathy due to deficiency of pyridoxine. | 1 | Pyridoxine | Thiamine | Pantothenic acid | Niacin | Pharmacology | null | 607db084-6499-47bf-aeb7-40c3c3a9717a | single |
Local anesthetics are typically injected or applied very close to their intended site of action. From which of the following routes absorption of local anaesthetic is maximum? | The rate of systemic absorption is propoionate to the vascularity of the site of injection: intravenous > tracheal > intercostal > caudal > paracervical > epidural > brachial plexus > sciatic > subcutaneous. Ref: Morgan, Jr. G.E., Mikhail M.S., Murray M.J. (2006). Chapter 14. Local Anesthetics. In G.E. Morgan, Jr., M.S... | 1 | Intercostal | Epidural | Brachial | Caudal | Anaesthesia | null | 555e86b1-f802-4ee2-9727-e134f0e26da1 | multi |
True regarding Mitral valve prolapse syndrome is all,except- | MVP, also variously termed the systolic click-murmur syndrome, Barlow's syndrome, floppy-valve syndrome, and billowing mitral leaflet syndrome, MVP is more common in women and occurs most frequently between the ages of 15 and 30 years; Most patients are asymptomatic and remain so for their entire lives. Transient cereb... | 2 | More common in female | Mostly symptomatic | Mostly symptomatic | Transient cerebral ischemia can occur | Medicine | C.V.S | 92fb454e-4dea-4911-9e5d-6ebdbdec4792 | multi |
Which of the following is a relatively cerebroselective anticholinesterase found to afford symptomatic improvement in Alzheimer&;s disease | Rivastigmine:- This lipophilic relatively cere-broselective ChE inhibitor has been introduced for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Donepezil:- Another centrally acting anti-AChE that has produced cognitive and behavioral improvement in AD. It is long-acting and suitable for once daily administration. Galantamine:- This natura... | 1 | Donepezil | Pyridostigmine | Pyritinol | Gemfibrozil | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system | f2a1c6e5-211a-4372-8cae-c657208f5c56 | single |
Amsel's criteria is used for; | Amsel's criteria is used for diagnosis of Bacterial vaginosis MC Vaginitis Caused by Hemophilus vaginalis aka Gardnerella vaginalis Amsel's criteria - >= 3 out of 4 required for diagnosis of Bacterial vaginosis Creamy discharge Whiff test + Fishy odor Clue cells | 1 | Gardnerella vaginosis | Candidiasis | Trichomoniasis | Chlamydia infection | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | FMGE 2019 | 52fb8dd8-43e6-4b01-9c47-3b5055290ec0 | single |
Steroids are indicated in all of the following forms of tuberculosis except. | Ans. (C) Ileo-caecal tuberculosis(Ref: Katzung 10/e p1263; KDT 8/e p319)*If used in intestinal tuberculosis, steroids can result in silent perforation, therefore are contra-indicated in ileo-caecal tuberculosis. | 3 | Meningitis | Pericarditis | Ileo-caecal tuberculosis | Adrenal involvement | Pharmacology | Endocrinology | 2100bf26-dfdd-4af4-89b3-47d30fe9d81d | multi |
Spontaneous CSF leak occurs in all except - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Increased intracranial tensionWe are not sure of the answer.We have gone for increased intracranial tension because spontaneous C.S.F. leak is associated with intracranial hypotension.Increased intracranial tension is not associated with spontaneous C.S.F. leak.All other options mentioned in the quest... | 1 | Increased intracranial tension | Partial or complete empty sella syndrome | Pseudotumour cerebri | Low risk encephalocoele | Medicine | C.N.S. | 29dd6875-c8a6-439e-b1c3-1d60c2dfcd52 | multi |
Following is associated with maximum risk of invasive cervical cancer:- | HSV & HIV predisposes more to pre invasive cervical cancer than invasive disease. Severity of dysplasia is directly propoional to malignancy. HPV 16 is the most common association, HPV 18 is this most malignant association with ca cervix LSIL (CIN I) , HSIL (CIN II and CIN III) and carcinoma in situ (CIS) are degrees o... | 3 | LGSIL | HPV associated koilocytosis | High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HGSIL) | HSV related changes | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Cervical Carcinoma | ddeed875-973b-4bb8-8da0-fbe8096776b2 | single |
A 40 years old man presents with a recurrent hemoptysis and purulent cough. X-ray was found to be normal. To next investigation done to aid in diagnosis is : | B i.e. Bronchoscopy As a rule, you can remember, for almost all cases of hemoptysis the investigation of choice is Bronchoscopy followed by HRCT; Except for hemoptysis associated with parenchymal (interstitial) lung disease where investigatim of choice is HRCT> Bronchoscopy, and in suspected bronchitis where you observ... | 2 | MRI | Bronchoscopy | HRCT | CT guided biopsy | Radiology | null | ed1e43de-a851-4c18-bad1-5deef1600269 | single |
Ionophores have following action except | Hydrophilic in character
Inophors are lipophilic (not hydrophilic).
Inophors inhibit ATP formation by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation by abolishing proton gradient or pH gradient. | 3 | Abolish proton gradient | Inhibit ADP to ATP conversion | Hydrophilic in character | Abolish pH gradient | Biochemistry | null | 3431b58a-d718-4b52-a75d-ef3a78b95fb7 | multi |
Which of the following nerves transmits impulses originating from the vestibular apparatus? | The vestibular poion of cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve) carries impulses from the vestibular apparatus to the vestibular ganglion, which then conveys the impulses to the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. | 3 | Cranial nerve ll | Cranial nerve VII | Cranial nerve VIII | Cranial nerve XI | ENT | null | b7f11a16-a868-451a-89ef-6df542f08ad4 | single |
Persistant the cultures in a root canal is mostly due to | null | 1 | Seepage of saliva | Excessive instrumentation | Less medicament | Via apical foramina | Dental | null | e5398b5f-6390-472a-9e83-df88e1e01115 | single |
Antibodies most commonly seen in drug induced lupus are: | Answer is D (Antihistone Antibodies): The most commonly used marker for drug induced lupus is Antihistone Antibodies. Drug Induced Lupus is characterized serologically by the presence of Anti-Histone Antibodies and the absence of antibodies against double stranded DNA (dsDNA Antibody Negative; Anti-Histone Antibody Pos... | 4 | Anti ds DNA Antibodies | Anti Sm Antibodies | Anti-Ro Antibodies | Antihistone Antibodies | Medicine | null | a2893a89-4483-471c-b7cd-7671c75b33d7 | single |
About Ectopia vesicae, following is true except - | Ectopia vesicae is associated with epispadias in which dorsal or upwards curvature of penis is noted.
Ventral curvature is noted in hypospadias. | 2 | CA bladder may occur | Ventral curvature of penis | Incontinence of urine | Visible uretero - vesical efflux | Surgery | null | 3e1c1404-eef4-47f1-b91d-85aa24910e57 | multi |
Frisch bacillus affects most commonly - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Noseo Frisch bacillus is Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, which causes rhinoscleroma, a granulomatous disease of nose.Bacteria and their alternate nameso Bordetellao Clostridium tetanio Corynebacterium diphtheriaeo Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosiso Haemophilus aegypticuso Haemophilus influenzao Klebsiel... | 2 | Mouth | Nose | Eye | Ear | Microbiology | Bacteria | 74f6a041-c561-4dec-9e24-bb0d7c224d4d | single |
Measles shows age distribution. It is found most commonly in which age group? | Impoant diseases & their age distribution: Measles - 6 months to 3 years Mumps - 5-9yrs Chicken pox - 5-9yrs Rheumatic fever - 5 to 15 years Cancers, Cataract - >50 years Rota virus - younger infants Diabetes , HTN, CHD - > 40yrs | 4 | 9 months to 3 years | 6 months to 2 years | 9 months to 2 years | 6 months to 3 years | Social & Preventive Medicine | Classification, Coho Study | e77e53c6-52b8-48a4-b759-42cde32a89a0 | single |
All of the following substances can cause seizures except | Lamotrigine is antiepilepticDrugs and Other Substances That Can Cause SeizuresAlkylating agents (e.g., busulfan, chlorambucil)Antimalarials (chloroquine, mefloquine)Antimicrobials/antiviralsb-lactam and related compoundsQuinolonesAcyclovirIsoniazidGanciclovirAnesthetics and analgesicsMeperidineFentanylTramadolLocal ane... | 4 | Quinolones | Tramadol | Chloroquine | Lamotrigine | Medicine | C.N.S | 68df3e5d-f5db-4eba-8bd0-4d564c2118fa | multi |
Death caused by rash and negligent of doctor is punishable under | Refer the byte "Legal sections". | 3 | 324 IPC | 304 B IPC | 304 A IPC | 354 A IPC | Forensic Medicine | null | 319a1230-7aef-4077-8d5e-8072fe6ecd37 | single |
Ductopenic cholestasis is seen in all, EXCEPT: | Disappearance of bile ducts, "ductopenic" cholestasis is seen with carbamazepine, chlorpromazine, tricyclic antidepressant agents. Reference: Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Page 2560 | 4 | Carbamazepine | Chlorpromazine | Tricyclic antidepressant agents | Methyldopa | Medicine | null | 86075ead-97c9-447f-a2a4-30a715c6a3cf | multi |
False regarding cecal voluvus: | CECAL VOLVULUS -Misnomer -Involvement of ileum, cecum, transverse colon; Not only cecum. -Correct name should have been Cecocolic volvulus. -Volvulus is Mainly clockwise. -Caecum is relatively fixed. | If free or mobile | Increased chances of torsion *Predisposing factors:- -Multipara patients (due to release of relaxi... | 4 | Present with small bowel obstruction. | Present with air fluid levels in right upper quadrant and convexity towards left. | Endoscopic derotation is not effective like sigmoid volvulus. | Cecopexy is procedure of choice. | Surgery | Intestinal obstruction | 0fbb638e-f273-4cee-9c39-737ece375e80 | multi |
Which of the following disease is more common in patients with alfa 1 antitrypsin deficiency? | Alfa 1 antitrypsin is an inhibitor of proteinase 3. Antiproteinase antibodies are seen in Wegeners granulamatosis. Ref: Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Page 2343 | 3 | Good pasteurs syndrome | Microscopic PAN | Wegeners granulamatosis | Churg -strauss syndrome | Medicine | null | 44f02d41-1617-4892-96dc-28192556ccba | single |
Low dose progestational contraceptives primarily act on | Progesterone in bih control pills thickens cervical mucus (primary action): hinders the travel of sperm to the uterus and making it hard for sperm to enter the tubes and feilise the egg. thins the lining of the uterus: makes implantation unlikely. Progestogen only pills are generally less effective than other forms of ... | 3 | Oviductal motility | Uterine endometrium | Cervix | Pituitary | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Contraceptives | 2397c551-2f8b-46f3-b51e-f9e87213ffa7 | single |
Phocomelia is due to teratogenic effect of : | null | 1 | Thalidomide | Chlorpromazine | Methotrexate | Carbamazepine | Pharmacology | null | 78a469d3-69a6-4a0a-b199-c1349c185861 | single |
Stye is an acute suppurative inflammation of | EXTERNAL HORDEOLUM (STYE) It is an acute suppurative inflammation of gland of the Zeis. Etiology: Causative organism commonly involved is Staphylococcus aureus. Signs : 1) Stage of cellulitis is characterised by localised, hard, red, tender swelling at the lid margin associated with marked oedema 2) Stage of abscess ... | 3 | Gland of Moll | Meibomian gland | Gland of Zeis | All of the above | Ophthalmology | Diseases of orbit, Lids and lacrimal apparatus | a26d7991-0feb-45da-954b-bee839b63287 | multi |
Features of vernal keratitis are: | A i.e. Papillary hyperophy | 1 | Papillary hyperophy | Follicular hyperophy | Herbe's pits | All | Ophthalmology | null | cbd0efc0-0849-474e-be25-14d7435ade41 | multi |
It is probable that physician have a higher index of suspicion for tuberculosis in children without BCG scar that those with BCG scar. If this is so and an association is found between Tuberculosis and not having BCG due to -scar, the association may be | null | 2 | Selection bias | Interviewer bias | Surveillance bias | Non-response bias | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 440ac017-9b40-4ef4-9698-38780302f180 | single |
Hydrocele is a type of ..... cyst - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Exudation | 3 | Retention | Distension | Exudation | Traumatic | Surgery | null | 5755828d-6546-4b34-8fcc-8435c32bfedc | single |
Which is not true regarding the basisbof functional divisionsnof liver | All of the given option are true. If we have to choose one, most preferred option is 'liver is divided into 8 segments' because sometimes segment IX is described. Segment IX is a recent subdivision of segment I, and describes that pa of the segment that lies posterior to segment VIII Current understanding of the functi... | 2 | Based on poal vein and hepatic vein | Divided into 8 segments | There are three major and three minor fissures | 4 sectors | Anatomy | G.I.T | e02af879-0b24-4472-9637-9177e2513fe3 | multi |
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