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Mucocelr is commonly seen in sinus:
A mucocele is an epithelial lined,mucus containing sac completely filling the sinus and capable of expansion: Mucocele are most commonly formed in frontal sinus followed by Ethmoid,sphenoid and maxillary sinuses. Mucocele of frontal sinus presents as a swelking in the floor of frontal sinus above the inner canthus.Itbd...
1
Frontal
Maxillary
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
ENT
Nose and paranasal sinuses
0daffc3e-eb67-4a55-bb29-481fa7dc17ec
single
Investigation of choice for Entrapment Neuropathy is?
ANSWER: (B) MRIREF: Surgical management of pain by Kim Burchiel Page 658, Neurology by Jon Brillman 8f Scott Khan page 110EMG and nerve conduction studies are done to identity the site of entrapment. Imaging is done to rule out any occult fracture and MRI for visualization of entrapped nerve in the tunnel. MRI is the i...
2
CT
MRI
Clinical exam
SPECT
Radiology
Brain Imaging: Anatomy, Trauma, and Tumors
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Graham Cole test refers to
Oral cholecystography (Graham Cole Test) Once considered the diagnostic test of choice for gallstones, oral cholecystography has been replaced by ultrasonography It involves oral administration of a Radiopaque compound that is absorbed, excreted by the liver, and passed into the gallbladder Successful visualisation of ...
1
Oral cholecystography
Intravenous cholangiography
Pre operative cholangiography
Post operative cholangiography
Anatomy
G.I.T
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single
Node of Ranvier is seen in -
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Axons o Nodes of Ranvier are periodic gaps in the myelin sheath on the axon.o Neuron is the functional unit (basic unit of nervous tissue).o It is specialized for the function of reception, integration and transmission of information in the body,o The basic structure of neuron is best studied in a spi...
3
Cell body
Dendrites
Axons
Terminalbutons
Physiology
Nerve Physiology
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single
Parasympathetic stimulation of nerves innervating the islets of the pancreas will:
The pancreatic islets receive innervation from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Stimulation of the parasympathetic system increases secretion of insulin from the B cells. Stimulation of the sympathetic system increases glucagon secretion from the A cells. Insulin is inhibited by sympathetic stim...
2
Have no effect
Increase secretion of insulin from B cells
Decrease secretion of insulin from B cells
Increase secretion of glucagon from B cells
Physiology
null
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A 25 yr old man presents for a routine examination The patient is tall and on examination was found to have an early diastolic murmur Family pedigree given what is the mode of inheritance of the disease in this patient
HISTORY SUGGESTIVE OF MARFANS SYNDROME . WHICH IS AD. REF : ROBBINS 10TH ED
1
AD
AR
XLD
XLR
Pathology
All India exam
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multi
Rhinophyma is a slow growing tumour with the following pathology:
Rhinophyma or potato tumour is a slow growing benign tumour due to hyperophy of the sebaceous glands of the tip of nose.
1
Hyperophy of the sebaceous glands
Hyperophy of sweat glands
Hyperplasia of endothelial cells
Hyperplasia of epithelial cells
ENT
null
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single
Best indicator of protein quality:-
Best indicator of protein quality: DIAAS (Digestible indispensable amino acid scores) > PDCAAS (Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score) >NPU (Net protein utilization). DIAAS =100 x . NPU = 100 x (Nitrogen retained by the body) / (Nitrogen intake) Other indicators: Amino acid score, Biological value, Protein e...
1
DIAAS
Amino acid score
PDCAAS
Protein efficiency ratio
Social & Preventive Medicine
Proteins, Fats, Rich Sources
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Amniocentesis for aneuploidy detection is best done at:
AMNIOCENTESIS Amniocentesis is the most commonly performed procedure used to diagnose fetal aneuploidy and other genetic conditions. Indications Diagnosis of fetal genetic disorders Congenital infections Alloimmunization Assessment of fetal lung maturity Therapeutic for polyhydramnios The most common types of prenatal ...
3
10-11 weeks
12-13 weeks
16-18 weeks
20-26 weeks
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Aboions, Spontaneous & Induced Emergency Contraception (Hey,whats the hurry !)
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What is the treatment modality for the following fracture?
Image shows patellar fracture. Tension band wiring is also used for: Patellar fracture Olecranon fracture Medial malleolus fracture Tension band wire are loop of wires passed around two bony fragments and then tightened to compress the fragments together. External fixation is done by using screws and is applicable to t...
1
Tension band wiring
External fixation
Plating
ORIF
Orthopaedics
Fracture Management
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Which of the following is true for Klinefilter's syndrome?
Klinefelter syndrome Rare disorder, Karyotype 47 XXY, Externally resembles a male in general body conformity, Penis small or normal, Testes small, Gynaecomastia, Appearance eunuchoid, Mentally retarded, Azoospermia,Infeility, Tall stature, Testosterone may help in Rx Breasts may need surgical excision.
2
45 XO
Tall stature
Intelligent Quotient Normal
Normal testis and genitalia
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Mullerian Abnormalities
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Isovolumetric relaxation ends immediately after
null
3
AV Valve doses
When ventricular pressure falls below aortic pressure
When ventricular pressure falls below atrial pressure
None of the above
Physiology
null
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multi
Endometrial cancer involving 50% of endometrium, extending to vagina, lymph nodes negative with positive peritoneal cytology is staged as
3b FIGO STAGING OF ENDOMETRIAL CANCER STAGE I Cancer confined to corpus uteri IA --> Limited to endometrium IB --> < 1/2 myometrial thickness IC > 1/2 myometrial thickness STAGE II Tumour involves cervix but does not extend beyond uterus (la --> Cervical glandular involvement llb --> Cervical stromal involvement STAGE ...
2
3a
3b
3c1
3c2
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
2c6d0837-72f1-4dad-ab58-0ff17f3c37f2
single
Mucopolysaccharide having anticoagulant action is?
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Heparin Heparin It is a parenteral indirect thrombin inhibitor. It is a on uniform mixture of straight chain polysaccharides with molecular weight 10, 000 - 20, 000. It contains polymers of two sulfated disaccharide units D glucosamine L iduronic acid and D glucosamine D glucuronic acid. Heparin is th...
1
Heparin
Phenindione
Rivoroxaban
Dabigatran
Pharmacology
null
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Patients suffering from multidrug resistant tuberculosis can be treated with all the following drugs EXCEPT:
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB: is defined as resistance to both H and R and may be any number of other(1ST LINE) anti-TB drugs. MDR-TB has a more rapid course (some die in 4-16 weeks). Treatment of these cases is difficult, because one or more second line drugs are to be given for 12-24 months. If sensitivity of the TB ...
1
Tobramycin
Amikacin
Ciprofloxacin
Clarithromycin
Pharmacology
Chemotherapy
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A 19 year old boy fell from the motorbike on his shoulder. The doctor diagnosed him as a case of Erb's paralysis. All of the following signs and symptoms will be observed in this boy, EXCEPT:
Due to Erb's paralysis there is damage of biceps brachii and supinator due to which there is loss of pronation of forearm. It is associated with loss of abduction at shoulder joint, loss of lateral rotation and loss of flexion at elbow joint and is not associated with loss of pronation at radioulnar joint.Erb's paralys...
3
Loss of abduction at shoulder joint
Loss of lateral rotation
Loss of pronation at radioulnar joint
Loss of flexion at elbow joint.
Anatomy
null
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Cut off duration for diagnosis of Priaspism is:
Priapism: It is defined as a persistent painful erection lasting longer than 4 hours irrespective of any sexual stimulation & beyond reaching of orgasm. It is an emergency situation It is of two types: Ischemic priapism Non-ischemic priapism
4
1 hour
2 hours
3 hours
4 hours
Surgery
Urethra and penis
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Most common cause of biliary stricture is:-
MC cause of benign biliary stricture is laparoscopic cholecystectomy (operative trauma).
2
CBD stone
Trauma
Asiatic cholangitis
Congenital
Surgery
Bile duct
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A patient gives history of recurrent episodes of pain and swelling in Mandibular posterior region.He is diagnosed to have pericoronitis.The partially erupted 3rd molar was vital.On radiographical examination a well defined radiolucency was found with distal aspect of the respected tooth. What could be the daignosis:
Paradental Cyst Aka: Baccal bifurcation Cyst Craig’s cyst Collateral cyst Mandi 3rd molar – Association. Associated with VITAL TOOTH and recurrent pericoronitis DISTAL Aspect of mandi 3rd molar
2
Dentigerous cyst.
Paradental cyst.
Eruption cyst.
Periapical cyst.
Pathology
null
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multi
Warm antibody in autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Warm antibody is IgG.
2
IgM
IgG
IgE
IgA
Medicine
null
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single
A 35-year-old coal worker presents with difficulty in breathing on exeion for last 2 years. CXR was performed. What does it show?
The CXR of Coal worker patient shows the presence of hyperinflation in lungs with a tubular appearance of the hea. Lungs appear relatively blacker with flattening of the diaphragm on both sides. The hea appears smaller as lungs are hyper-inflated. These findings are suggestive of emphysema.
1
Emphysema
Reticulonodular infiltrates
Pulmonary fibrosis
Cardiac atrophy
Medicine
Interstitial Lung Disease
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Which of the following is not a direct route for transmission of communicable diseases?
Ref. Foundations of Community medicine. Page. 393
3
Skin contact
Vertical
Droplet nuclei
Soil contact
Unknown
null
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Which is not associated with diabetes mellitus?
Coisol, growth hormone and catecholamines increase the blood sugar levels leading to impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus. whereas hypothyroidism is not associated with the blood sugar levels or diabetes mellitus
3
Cushing syndrome
Acromegaly
Hypothyroidism
Phaeochromocytoma
Medicine
Diabetes Mellitus
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Which of the following anaesthetic agents causes a rise in the Intracranial pressure –
All inhalational agents increase ICT. Amongst intravenous agents only ketamine increases ICT. Propofol, etomidate, and barbiturates (thiopentone, methexitone) decrease ICT. Lidocaine decreases ICT.
1
Sevoflurane
Thiopentone sodium
Lignocaine
Propofol
Anaesthesia
null
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A study is looking at breast cancer of women compared cases with non-cases, and found that 75/100 cases used calcium supplements compared with 25/100 of the non-cases. Calculate Cross product ratio
Odds ratio = ad/bc Breast cancer cases Non-cases Used Ca supplements 75 (a) 25 (b) Did not use Ca supplements 25 (c) 75 (d) 100 100 Odds ratio = ad/bc = 75*75/25*25 = 9
1
9
6
3
12
Social & Preventive Medicine
Case Control Study, Combined Designs
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single
Oculomotor nerve palsy show all of the following except -
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Inability of lateral gaze Features of 3rd (occulomotor) nerve palsy* Paralysis of superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus and inferior oblique. Eye is down and out due to unopposed action of superior oblique and lateral rectus. Medial 8c upward gaze is not possible.* Paralysis of sphinctor pup...
2
Ptosis
Inability of lateral gaze
Paralysis of accommodation
Upward gaze not possible
Ophthalmology
Neuro-Ophthalmology
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True about tropomysin is?
ANSWER: (B) Lies on top of actinREF: Guyton 12th ed page 72-76SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION:In resting muscle, the ends of the actin filaments extending from two successive Z discs barely begin to overlap one another. Troponin I is tightly bound to actin and tropomyosin covers the sites where myosin hea...
2
Lies on top of troponin
Lies on top of actin
ATP binds to it
Calcium binds to it
Physiology
Skeletal Muscle: Contraction and Excitation
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A male neonate is born with an omphalocele. This entity can be distinguished from gastroschisis, because in an omphalocele, the protrusion is:
Abdominal wall defects Omphalocele- Intestine fails return to the intra-abdominal cavity- Covered by 2 layers* Amnion* Peritoneum- For Small defect - Protrusion of small amounts of bowel- For Large defect - Protrusion of small bowel along with liver- Associated with Trisomy 13, 18, 21- Associated with congenital malfor...
4
Not covered by a sac
A defect in the abdominal musculature
Associated with Intestinal atresia
Associated with congenital malformations
Surgery
Hernia and abdominal wall
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Following grows in the cell free medium except -a) Rickettsiab) M lepraec) Bartonellad) Syphilis
Obligate intracellular organisms To grow in a medium which does not contain cells (cell free medium), organism should be capable of ATP synthesis. Obligate intracellular organisms are not capable of the metabolic pathways for ATP synthesis. So, these organisms are dependent on the ATP of host cells. As they require...
2
acd
abd
abc
ab
Microbiology
null
f71e0a3f-66d0-4a4c-8f37-9fa25c7b8f2e
multi
Stage X3B refers to the following in the classification of vitamin A deficiency:
d. Keratomalacia(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 3 IB-320, Ghai B/e p 111-112)WHO classification of Vitamin A deficiency:IndicatorCategoryNight blindnessXNConjunctival xerosisX1ABitot's spotsX1BCorneal xerosisX2Corneal ulcerationX3AKeratomalaciaX3BXerophthalmia-related corneal scarsXS
4
Night blindness
Corneal xerosis
Conjunctival xerosis
Keratomalacia
Pediatrics
Nutrition
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Clue cell is seen in aEUR'
Bacterial vaginosis Clue cells are seen in bacterial vaginosis -Clue cells are vaginal epithelial cells coated with coccobacillary organisms which have granular appearance and indistinct borders, on a wet mount prepared by mixing vaginal secretions with normal saline in a ratio of -1:1. Amsel criteria for the diagnosis...
1
Bacterial vaginosis
Candidial vaginosis
Chlamydiasis
Trichomonas
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
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Gold standard test for diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux is -
null
1
24 hr double probe pH monitoring
Flexible endoscope
Barium swallow
Laryngoscopy
ENT
null
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When ICF and ECF of child becomes equal to adult person -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., 1 year o In fetus, ECF is much larger than ICF. o By the age of 1 year, ratio of ICF to the ECF volume approaches adult level.
1
1 year
2 year
3 year
4 year
Pediatrics
null
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single
Which of the following antimalarial agents is most commonly associated with acute hemolytic reaction in patients with glucose–6–phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
null
4
Chloroquine
Clindamycin
Mefloquine
Primaquine
Pharmacology
null
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single
The most important function of the microcirculation is:
Ans. A. The exchange of nutrients and wastes between blood and tissueEach of the choices is a function of the microcirculation, but its most important function by far is to provide tissue with nutrients and remove the wastes.
1
The exchange of nutrients and wastes between blood and tissue
The filtration of water through capillaries
The regulation of vascular resistance
The autoregulation of blood flow
Physiology
Heart, Circulation, and Blood
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Altitudnal Field Defects are seen in
Non aeritic AION Impoant Points on Visual Pathway Lesions 1. Optic nerve lesion I/l direct and c/ L consensual reflex gone Causes *Optic atrophy/ optic neuritis, Avulsion optic nerve 2. Middle Chiasmal syndrome/ Central Chiasmal lesion Saggital chiasma lesion Bitemporal hemianopia
1
Non Aeritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
Lateral Geniculate Body lesions
Optic nerve lesion
Optic Chiasma Lesion
Ophthalmology
Squint
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single
What is the treatment for headache in a case of peptic ulcer disease?
Propoxyphene binds primarily to opioid receptors and produces analgesia and other CNS effects that are similar to those seen with morphine-like opioids. It is likely that at equianalgesic doses the incidence of side effects such as nausea, anorexia, constipation, abdominal pain, and drowsiness are similar to those of c...
2
Microline aspirin
Propoxyphene
Paracetamol
Oxyphenbutazone
Pharmacology
null
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single
Which of the following is not estrogen dependant carcinoma
Refer Robbins page no 1095
2
Lobular carcinoma breast
Follicular thyroid carcinoma
Endomtrial leiomyosarcoma
Carcinoma prostrate
Anatomy
Endocrinology
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single
Vogt Koyanagi - Harada (VKH) syndrome is -
(Ref: Khurana 7th/e p.175 & 4th/e p.156) VKH syndrome is a multisystem disorder characterized by chronic granulomatous uveitsi with exudative retinal detachment that is often associated with neurological and cutaneous manifestations.
1
Chronic granulomatous uveitis
Chronic non-granulomatous uveitis
Acute purulent uveitis
None
Anatomy
General anatomy
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Gallstones do not contain:
Gallstones In the USA and Europe, 80% are cholesterol or mixed stones, whereas in Asia, 80% are pigment stones Cholesterol or mixed stones - 51-99% pure cholesterol Pigment stone contains <30% cholesterol Black stones - Insoluble bilirubin polymer + calcium phosphate + calcium bicarbonate Brown pigment stones- calcium ...
1
Oxalate
Cholesterol
Phosphate
Carbonate
Surgery
Gallbladder
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Typical CECT finding to suggest the diagnosis of pseudomyxoma peritonei is:
CT-scan findings may be pathognomonic for pseudomyxoma peritonei, Typical CT appearance 1. Areas of low attenuation, with islands of higher attenuation due to solid elements within mucinous material. 2. Classically scalloping of visceral surfaces, paicularly of the liver and spleen Ref: World J Gastrointest Oncol 2010 ...
1
Scalloping of the visceral surfaces of the liver and spleen
Ascites with increased HU units
Peritoneal seedlings
Pseudokidney sign
Surgery
null
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multi
Pathologic migration of tooth occurs:
null
1
Towards the bone resorption area
Always from the bone resorption area
Inciso occlusal direction
Axio inclined direction
Dental
null
ebcfc2c0-c32a-4f15-9602-644c6eeaacc4
single
Which is the most likely cause of protein - losing enteropathy
null
1
Menetrier's disease
Monosaccharidase deficiency
Sarcoidosis
Celiac sprue
Medicine
null
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single
The given ECG shows
Ans. B. Pulmonary embolism* The given ECG shows changes corresponding with pulmonary embolism.* Changes are- Sinus tachycardia- S1Q3T3 pattern (T-wave inversion in III)- Incomplete RBBB- Right precordial T-wave inversions* Consistent with acute RV overload in a patient with pulmonary emboli
2
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Pulmonary embolism
Pericardial effusion
Anterior wall MI
Medicine
C.V.S.
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multi
Which of the following is not an effect of cholinergic muscarinic receptor stimulation:
Stimulation of muscarinic receptors decreases BP.
4
Sweating.
Bradycardia.
Urination.
Rise in BP.
Pharmacology
null
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single
Branched chain aminoacid is used in:
Ans: d (Isolated hepatic failure)Ref: Various internet sitesBranched chain amino acids are used in hepatic encephalopathy to improve mental function and muscle control.They have been tried in burns, sepsis and trauma but without much success.Eg of branched chain amino acid -valine, leucine and isoleucine.
4
MODS
SIRS
Sepsis
Isolated hepatic failure
Pharmacology
Miscellaneous (Pharmacology)
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single
All are true about in pubey menorrhagia Except:
Endometrial biopsy confirms diagnosis REF: Novak's gynecology 13' edition - page 152 Causes of mennorhagia in adoloscese Anovulatory bleeding Pregnancy-related Bleeding Exogenous Hormones Hematologic Abnormalities Infections Anatomic Causes Obstructive or paially obstructive genital anomalies typically present during a...
2
Associated with anovulatory bleeding
Endometrial biopsy confirms diagnosis
Routine screening for bleeding disorder is done
Hematinics & Hormone therapy is the treatment of choice
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
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multi
'Murphy sign' is associated with: March 2004
Ans. A i.e. Acute cholecystitis
1
Acute cholecystitis
Pancreatic mass
Splenomegaly
Carcinoma colon
Radiology
null
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single
Schneiderian First rank symptoms are found in :
A >> B, C The presence of one of these Schneider's first rank symptoms (SFRS) in the absenc of intoxication, brain injury or clear affective illness, was sometimes taken as sufficient for making diagnosis of schizophrenia (Kaplan). SFRS are not specifc for schizophrenia and may be seen in other psychiatric disorders su...
4
Schizophrenia
Organic delusional disorder
Schizoaffective disorder
All
Psychiatry
null
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multi
A drug not effective in Multiple Myeloma is?
Hydroxyurea REF: Harrison 17th ed chapter 106 Drugs used in chemotherapy of multiple myeloma are: Melphan Thalidomide Lenalidomide Cyclophosphamide Vincristine Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and liposomal doxorubici
2
Boezomib
Hydroxyurea
Melphalan
Cylcophosphamide
Surgery
null
b03c7bb7-6004-47e3-9302-52a8f0a6cf3b
single
Which of following is true about allodynia?
*Allodynia describes the situation in which a non painful stimulus ,once perceived ,is experienced as painful ,even excruciating . Allodynia refers to central pain sensitization (increased response of neurons) following normally non-painful, often repetitive, stimulation. Allodynia can lead to the triggering of a pain ...
3
Hyperalgesia
Loss of sensory sensations
Perception of non painful stimulus as pain
Hyperaesthesia
Medicine
C.N.S
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multi
In pseudomyxoma peritonei, mucinous cyst-adenocarcinoma of which following organ is involved:
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Mucinous ascites Caused by ruptured Appendiceal or Ovarian Adenocarcinoma MC primary cause - Appendix > ovary Incidence- male = female Usually seen in 4th - 5th decade Peritoneal cavity is filled with mucinous substances (JELLY like) creates pressure in abdomen compressing the bowel & simultaneou...
3
Pancreas
Kidney
Ovary
Abdominal testis
Surgery
GIT
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Low serum haptoglobin in hemolysis is masked by ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Bile duct obstruction Haptoglobin o Haptoglobin is a transpo glycoprotein which binds free hemoglobin in plasma and carries it to the reticuloendothelial system. It is synthesized in the liver. o A decrease in haptoglobin levels (with normal liver function) occurs when there is excess of hemoglobin in...
3
Pregnancy
Liver disease
Bile duct obstruction
Malnutrition
Pathology
null
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Disinfection frees the surface from
null
1
Vegetative forms
Spore forms
Both of the above
None of the above
Microbiology
null
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multi
Right axis detion is seen In all except-
Right axis detion also may occur as a normal variant (paicularly in children and young adults), as a spurious finding due to reversal of the left and right arm electrodes, or in conditions such as right ventricular overload (acute or chronic), infarction of the lateral wall of the left ventricle, dextrocardia, left pne...
1
Ostium primum ASD
Dextrocardia
Pulmonary hypeension
Ostium secundum ASD
Medicine
C.V.S
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multi
Antral puncture is done through
Antral puncture and irrigation: Sinus cavity is irrigated with a cannula passed through the inferior meatus. Removal of pus and exudates helps the sinus mucosa to reve to normal. Ref: Dhingra 7e pg 219.
2
Superior meatus
Inferior meatus
Middle meatus
All
ENT
Diagnostic and operative ENT
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Investigation of choice in whole body imaging in metastasis is -
Best investigation for bony metastasis is MRI. MRI has almost 100% sensitivity in detecting bony metastasis Investigation of choice for whole body screening for bony metastasis is Bone scan Intial investigation in symptomatic bone pain is Radiography CT is used in evaluation of focal abnormalities of bone scan and also...
3
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Radiography
Bone scan
CT Scan
Radiology
Skeletal system
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Treatment for achlasia associated with high rate of recurrence :
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Botulinum toxin Treatment of Achalasia The aim of treatment is to be relieve the functional obstruction at the cardia The two main methods to achieve this are I) Forceful dilatation or 2) Esophageal myotomy (Heller's myotomy) with or without an antireflux procedure 1) Forceful dilatation (pneumatic di...
4
Pneumatic dilatation
Laproscopic myotomy
Open surgical myotomy
Botulinum toxin
Surgery
null
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True regarding presentation of primary T.B. is -
null
2
B/L pleural effusion with negative Tuberculin test.
U/L hilar lymphadenopathy
Sustained chronic pyrexia
B/L pelural effusion with positive tuberculin test.
Medicine
null
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multi
Most potent stimulus for secretin secretion is
Protein / acid in duodenum is the most potent stimulus for secretion of secretin.
3
Distension of stomach
Bile in duodenum
Protein in duodenum
Fatty food in duodenum
Physiology
null
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single
Standard treatment of whole-brain radiotherapy (WB) for brain Metastasis :
Ans. B, 30 grays (Gy) in 10 fractionsWhole-brain radiotherapy (WB) to 30 grays (Gy) in 10 fractions - Standard treatment in patients with multiple brain metastases.Current study investigated the potential benefit of dose escalation beyond 30 Gy.
2
20 grays (Gy) in 10 fractions
30 grays (Gy) in 10 fractions
30 grays (Gy) in 5 fractions
15 grays (Gy) in 10 fractions
Radiology
null
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Which of the following statement regarding Rota virus is false?
Rota virus is a double stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Reoviridae. The RNA is enclosed in a triple layered, non enveloped icosahedral capsid. It is one of the commonest cause for watery diarrhoea in children. Oral rehydration therapy is the most appropriate treatment of choice.
4
Most commonly affects children
Double stranded RNA virus
It is a non enveloped virus
None of the above
Microbiology
null
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multi
Which of the following phospholipid is associated with apoptosis?
Lipid bilayer is asymmetric. Phosphatidylserine and phosphatidyl ethanolamine are located in the inner leaflet Lecithin and sphingomyelin are located in the outer leaflet. Flipping of phosphatidylserine to outer membrane is seen in apoptosis. This is the basis of annexin V assay
3
Phosphatidylcholine
Dipalmitoyl Phosphatidylcholine
Phosphatidylserine
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
Biochemistry
Chemistry of Lipids
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Which of the following malignancy is associated with invasion of Voex Vein?
Malignant melanoma of the choroid is the most common primary intraocular tumor of adults usually between the age group 40-70 years. It is rare in blacks and is more common in whites. It arise from the neural crest derived pigment cells of the uvea as a solitary tumor and is usually unilateral. This tumor during the sta...
2
Retinoblastoma
Malignant melanoma
Optic nerve gliomas
Medullo-epitheliomas
Ophthalmology
null
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A Female health worker has to teach women in Urban slum about ORS preparation. Best method will be
Demonstration -Is a carefully planned presentation where idea is to show ' how to perform' a skill/procedure Two principles : 1. Seeing is believing 2. learning by doing
3
Lecture
Flipcha
Demonstration
Workshop
Social & Preventive Medicine
HC Methods, D-P Communication
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single
Which of the following Inhalation anaesthesia agent is Hepatotoxic:
Side effects of inhalation anesthetics Halothane: Auto immune hepatitis Disrupts dual blood supply Respiratory depression Sevoflurane Produce Comp A (nephrotoxic) Day care surgery Inhalational induction agent of choice Pediatric population Isoflurane Coronary steel phenomenon Procaine Local anesthetic Used in cataract ...
3
Sevoflurane
Isoflurane
Halothane
Procaine
Anaesthesia
FMGE 2018
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single
Degenerated neurofilaments seen in patients with Alzheimer's disease are:
Neurofibrillary tanglesThe build-up manifests in two ways:Plaques- deposits of the protein beta-amyloid that accumulate in the spaces between nerve cells Tangles - deposits of the protein tau that accumulate inside of nerve cellsBoth amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are clearly visible by microscopy in brain...
3
Hirano bodies
Lipofuscin granules
Neurofibrillary tangles
Amyloid plaques
Psychiatry
null
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Pepsinogen is secreted by
Chief or zymogen or peptic cells secrete pepsiongens.Parietal or oxyntic cells secrete HCl and intrinsic factor.These cells are located in the body of stomach, including the fundus.(Ref: Ganong&;s Review of medical physiology, 23 rd edition, page 431)
3
Parietal cells
Mucus cells
Chief cells
Oxyntic cells
Physiology
G.I.T
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In the work of breathing, tissue resistance contributes ___% fraction:
Work done = load x displacement. In the context of lungs, load is analogous to pressure and displacement is volume expansion of lungs. Hence, work of breathing = DP X DV. Thus, work done can be calculated as area covered under the inspiratory curve in compliance diagram. Of the total inspiratory work, 65% work is elast...
1
7%
14%
28%
65%
Physiology
Respiratory System Pa 1
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Snow banking is typically seen in:
A i.e. Pars planitis Pars planitis (intermediate uveitis) presents with snow ball opacities Q which coalesce to form a grey white plaque called snow banking Q
1
Pars planitis
Endophthalmitis
Coat's disease
Eale's disease
Ophthalmology
null
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multi
Non visualization of gastric fundic bubble with air-fluid level in retrocardiac region suggests:September 20003
Ans. C i.e. Achalasia cardia
3
Carcinoma esophagus
Esophageal web
Achalasia cardia
Congenital hyperophic pyloric stenosis
Radiology
null
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single
Which of the ITIowing mosquitoes is invohed in the spread of-Japanese encephalitis ?
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Culex
3
Aedes
Anopheles
Culcx
Mansonoides
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
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single
Which of the following is a content of dentinal tubules
Contents of Dentinal tubule Odontoblastic process Afferent Nerve terminal Dendrites of antigen presenting cell Dentinal fluid intratubular dentin
4
Odontoblastic process
Afferent nerve terminal
Dendrites of Antigen presenting cells
All
Dental
null
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Reducing sugar in urine can be detected by ?
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the aboveDetection of reducing sugars Reducing propey of sugars in alkaline solution is utilized for both qualitative and quantitative determination of sugars. Reagent containing Cu' ions are most commonly used. These are generally alkaline solution of cupric sulfate :-Benedict's quantitative r...
4
Benedicts test
Fehling solution
Glucose-oxidase test
All of the above
Biochemistry
null
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multi
Ulcerative colitis what is seen?
Cryptitis The pathology in ulcerative colitis typically involves distoion of crypt architecture, inflammation of crypts (cryptitis), frank crypt abscess, and hemorrhage or inflammatory cells in the lamina propria. Pathology of ulcerative colitis. Macroscopic features Ulcerative colitis is a mucosal disease that usually...
1
Cryptitis
Crypt loss
Crypt branching
Proliferating mucosa
Pathology
null
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single
Parachute reflex disappears by: March 2013 (c, f)
Ans. D i.e. Persists Parachute (forward) reflex When:This occurs from about 9 months of age and persists. What:If the baby is held in a position where he is dropped forward, he will outstretch his hands. This is one of the baby milestones that is protective for falling.
4
1 year
2 years
3 years
Persists forever
Pediatrics
null
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All are true regarding vitamin D, except ?
Ans. is 'b' i.e., 1-hydroxylation in liver
2
Sunlight is impoant
1-hydroxylation in liver
Active form is calcitriol
RDA is for children is 400 IU
Physiology
null
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multi
Marjolin ulcer
.marjolin&;s ulcer is the name given to a malignancy ( usually a squamous cell carcinoma ) which arise in any long standing wound or a scar mostly scar of an old burn it grows slowly as it is avascular it is painless
1
Ca in marjolin's is squamous cell ca
Chronic venous insufficiency
Basal cell carcinoma
arise from base of the ulcer
Surgery
General surgery
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single
Proprioception is carried by which fibers?
Ans. is'a'i.e., Fasciculus cuneatus and fasciculus gracilis(Ref: Guyton 12th/e p. 573)Posterior column (Dorsal column) (Fasciculus Gracilis and Fasciculus Cuneatus) carriesProprioception (Position of body or limb, position of joint)VibrationFine touch (two point discrimination, topognosis, stereognosis).Kinesthesia
1
Fasciculus cuneatus and fasciculus gracilis
Anterior spinothalamic tract
Lateral spinothalamic tract
Spinocerebellar tract
Anatomy
null
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single
Persistent bucconasal membrane result in
Ans. b (Choanal atresia). (Ref. Diseases of ENT, PL Dhingra, 3rd ed., 78, 210, 510)# Persistant bucconasal membrane leads to choanal atresia.Choanal atresia# Is a autosomal recessive trait in which the posterior choanae unilaterally or bilaterally fail to develop properly.# Persistent bucconasal membrane is the basic e...
2
Cleft lip
Choanal atresia
Cleft palate
T-O Fistula
ENT
Nose and PNS
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single
Empirical treatment for meningococcal meningitis is:
Ans. (A) Ceftriaxone(Ref: Harrison 19/e p767)Drug of choice for treatment of meningococcal meningitis is Penicillin G. But for empirical treatment we need to cover other likely organisms too. So, ceftriaxone is preferred that will also cover H. influenzae. Vancomycin is usually added to cover other organisms also.
1
Ceftriaxone
Cefotetan
Gentamicin
Cefoxitin
Pharmacology
Chemotherapy: General Principles
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single
Pheochromocytoma are tumours of:
Ans. B. Adrenal medullaPheochromocytoma are a type of tumor of the adrenal glands that can release high levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine. As the name implies, the "ad-renal" glands are located near the "renal" area. Someone with a pheochromocytoma usually has three classic symptoms, headache, sweating, and hear...
2
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
Pancreas
Bone
Biochemistry
Endocrinology
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single
Primary peritonitis is more common in females because :
Ans. is a i.e. Ostia of fallopian tubes communicate with abdominal cavity Primary peritonitis refers to inflammation of peritoneal cavity without a documented source of contamination. "It occurs more commonly in children than adults and in women than in men. The later distribution is explained by entry of organisms int...
1
Ostia of Fallopian tubes communicate with abdominal cavity
Peritoneum overlies the uterus
Rupture of functional ovarian cysts
None of the above
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
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multi
Rhomboid major is supplied by which type of neuron-
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Multipolar * All skeletal muscles are supplied by motor neurons which are multipolar neurons.* There are following types of neurons1) Unipolor neurons These neurons have one process, with different segments (of that one process) serving as dendrite (receptive surfaces) as well as axons (releasing term...
4
Unipolar
Pseudounipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar
Physiology
Nervous System
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single
SIADH secretion is seen in all except -
Ref - geekymedics.com
2
Meningitis
Interstitial Nephritis
Hypothyrodism
lung cancer
Medicine
Endocrinology
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multi
The most easily perforated tooth with a slight mesial or distal angulation of bur after a mandibular central incisor is:
null
1
Maxillary premolar
Maxillary molar
Mandibular premolar
Maxillary canine
Dental
null
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single
All of the following provisions are included in the primary health care according to the Alma Ata declaration except
Ans. c. Provision of free medicines Primary Health Care The Alma Ata Conference has defined primary health care as -- an essential health care made universally accessible to individuals and acceptable to them, through their full paicipation and at a cost the community and country can The Alma -- Ata Declaration has out...
3
Adequate supply of safe drinking water
Provision of food supply
Provision of free medicines
Basic sanitation
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
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multi
True about first order kinetics is:
Ans. d. The rate of elimination is proportional to the plasma concentration (Ref: Katzung 12/e p43-44: KDT 7/e p30-31, 6/e p31-32)Rate of elimination is proportional to plasma concentrationQ first order kinetics (Linear kinetics).First Order Kinetics (Linear kinetics)Zero Order Kinetics (Non linear Kinetics)* Constant ...
4
A constant amount is eliminated in unit time
The half-life increases with an increase in dose
The rate of elimination is constant
The rate of elimination is proportional to the plasma concentration
Pharmacology
Pharmacokinetics
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multi
A 35-year-old female presents with recurrent renal stone. What is not advised?
Low-calcium diets increase the risk of the incident stone formation. Low-calcium diets lead to the stone formation by reducing the amount of calcium to bind oxalate in the intestine- | urine oxalate levels.
4
Increase water intake
Restrict protein
Restrict salt
Restrict calcium
Medicine
Kidney Stones & Renal Tubular Acidosis
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The tensile strength of wound after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a 30 years old woman depends upon:
The recovery of tensile strength results from the excess of collagen synthesis over collagen degradation during the first 2 months of healing, and, at later times, from structural modifications of collagen fibers (cross-linking, increased fiber size) after collagen synthesis ceases. 'Recovery of Tensile Strength: Fibri...
3
Replacement of type 3 collagen
Macrophage aetivity/snvasion
Extensive crosslinking of tropocollagen
Granulation tissue
Pathology
null
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single
A 53-year-old woman with known kidney disease presents to a hospital because her pain has become increasingly more severe. A physician performing kidney surgery must remember that:
The left renal vein runs anterior to both the aoa and the left renal aery.. The right renal aery runs behind the IVC and is longer than the left renal aery. Because of the large size of the right lobe of the liver, the right kidney lies a little lower than the left kidney. 4 coverings around the kidney from inside to o...
4
The left kidney lies a bit lower than the right one
The perirenal fat lies external to the renal fascia
The renal fascia does not surround the suprarenal gland
The left renal vein runs anterior to both the aoa and the left renal aery
Anatomy
GIT 1
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multi
The major role of 2,3 DPG in RBC includes
The normal BPG in the blood keeps the O2-hemoglobin dissociation curve shifted slightly to the right all the time. In hypoxic conditions that last longer than a few hours, the quantity of BPG in the blood increases considerably, thus shifting the O2-hemoglobin dissociation curve even faher to the right. This shift caus...
2
Binding of O2
Release of O2
Acid base balance
Reversal of glycolysis
Physiology
Cardiovascular system
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single
A lady on long term hemodialysis developed carpel tunnel syndrome. The cause was diagnosed to be amyloidosis by using a biopsy. What is the type of amyloid that is seen?
Ans. is 'a' i.e. Beta 2 microglobulin Dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA) is a disorder caused by tissue deposition of beta2 microglobulin as amyloid fibrils.The clearance of beta2 microglobulin, a component of the major histocompatibility complex that is present on cell surfaces, normally occurs by glomerular filtratio...
1
Beta 2 microglobulin
Amyloid light chain
ATTR
Serum amyloid associated protein
Pathology
Histo Pathology
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single
Contrast used for MRI –
Gadolinium is the most commonly used MR contrast agent.
2
Iodine
Gadolinium
Metvazamide
Pmnipaque
Radiology
null
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single
True about diabetic mother is :
Ans. is b i.e. High incidence of congenital hea anomalies is common
2
Hyperglycemia occurs in all infants of diabetic mothers
High incidence of congenital hea anomalies is common
Small baby
All
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
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multi
Earliest presentation of Friedrich's ataxia is?
Answer is A (Ataxia): In most patients ataxia of gait and stance is the first manifestation of the disease.- Clinical Neurology by Goetz 2"d/742 Friedreich's ataxia presents with progressive staggering gait, frequent falling and titubation- Harrison Note: The first pathological changes in Friendreich's Ataxia are thoug...
1
Ataxia
Seizures
Optic atrophy
Stuttering
Medicine
null
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single
Laproscopic tubal ligation contraindication -
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Postpartum state "The operation is done in the interval period, concurrent with the vaginal termination of pregnancy or 6 weeks following delivery. Should not be done within 6 weeks following delivery."
1
Post partum state
Post MTP
Gynaecologic malignancies
3 previous childbirth
Unknown
null
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All are the Complication of CVP line except -
IMMEDIATE: Failure of procedure Pneumothorax Haemothorax Retroperitoneal haematoma Aerial puncture Local haematoma Guidewire-induced arrhythmia Thoracic duct injury Guide wire embolism Air embolism EARLY: catheter blockage chylothorax catheter knots LATE: Infection : 2.5 infections/ 1000 catheter days catheter fracture...
1
Airway injury
Haemothroax
Air embolism
Septicemia
Anaesthesia
Preoperative assessment and monitoring in anaesthesia
bbceed07-b205-46b6-9933-7defdc90010b
multi
which of the following is derived from surface ectoderm-
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lens PrecursorDerivativesNeural ectodermSmooth muscle of the iris, opticle vesicle and cup, iris epithelium, ciliary epithelium, Part of the vitreous, Retina, Retinal pigment epithelium, fibres of the opric nerve.Surface ectodermConjunctiva] epithelium , Corneal epithelium. Lacrimal glands, Tarsal gla...
3
Iris
Sclera
Lens
Optic nerve
Ophthalmology
Anatomy
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single
Golden S is seen in
Golden "S" sign is a Reverse "S" sign seen on Frontal Chest Radiograph In patients with Bronchogenic Ca with Right Upper lobe collapse Lower convexity of the Reverse S is due to the mass Upper concavity of the "S" is due to Right UPPER LOBE atelectasis with the upward shifting of the horizontal fissure.
4
Left upper lobe collapse
Pleural Effusion
Left lower lobe collapse
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Radiology
Respiratory Radiology
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single